L A R O S A
PFC AGO - DIC 2020 ITESM Campus Qro Arq. Diana García Arq. Pedro Mendoza Arq. Adriana del Castillo
For all the people who believed
Nájera; Claudia González Avendaño,
in
Jorge Larracoechea Siurob, Jorge
us
journey
during to
this
incredible
becoming
architects.
Larracoechea
González
and
Larracoechea
González.
Iñaki
Our dear families, all this work Finally,
is for you; María Teresa Zepeda special
thanks
to
José
Luis
and
Isaac
Reva
Molina, Juan Pablo Alagón Cano and José Eduardo Yáñez Ortíz; Sergio Antonio
López
García,
Alejandra
Nájera García and Fernando López
Balmaseda Gil
for
Ferrer always
believing
in
us
with their unconditional support.
T H E
T E A M D a n i e l a A l a g ó n
A n d r é s L ó p e z
C r i s t i n a Larracoechea
I H U N I
n i r o n
t s b d f
r t a e r
o d u c t i o n o r y n C o r e s & C o m m e r c e a s t r u c t u r e
02
01
INTRODUCTION 4 8 9 12 13
PROBLEMATIC Water
Runoff
Precipitation 2120
18
&
Flooding
Flooding
What Do Inhabitants Think?
19 22 23
S t r a t e g i e s E x p a n s i o n & F i l t r a t i o n
30
D e s i g n
04
03
S T R A T E G I E S 31 34
P R O G R A M Z P W D R
o r e r a
n o t y i
i n g g r a m l a n d P a r k S e a s o n n y S e a s o n
38 39 42 47 50
01
This following chapter is introduced through an in-depth analysis of the urban, social, and historical context of the Santa Rosa Jรกuregui delegation. From the historical beginning to its present time, including the landmarks and cultural roots.
INTRODUCTION L o c a t i o n
&
D e s c r i p t i o n
4
H i s t o r y
8
C o r e
9
C o m m e r c e
1 2
I n f r a s t r u c t u r e
1 3
U r b a n
N o d e s
&
Q
U
E
R
É
T
A
R O
I n t r o d u c t i o n
S A N T A
R O S A
J Ă U R E G U I It is one of seven boroughs of
agricultural activities and thus
the
is home to four ancient haciendas.
municipality
QuerĂŠtaro.
The
Santiago
village
of
de
Santa
The
borough
is
the
largest
of
Rosa has its origins in the 17th
the municipality of QuerĂŠtaro in
century,
terms
when
the
first
settlers
of
surface,
covering
its
paid rent for fifty years to the
northern half, though it is the
owner of the Hacienda of La Solana
smallest in terms of population.
in order to occupy a small tract
It is characterized by the lack of
of land. Nowadays it has 16,966
opportunities and disadvantages in
inhabitants
the territory with a high degree
and
is
located
at
1950 meters above sea level where
of
marginalization,
where
some
the area is a perfect place for
vulnerable sectors of society live.
4
1743 There were 58 haciendas, including: Juriquilla, San José de Buenavista, Santa Rosa, Puerto de Pinto, Santa Catarina, Pie de Gallo and San Miguelito, located in the current territory of the Municipal Delegation of Santa Rosa Jáuregui.
1531
1521
The foundation of the Spanish city of Santiago de Querétaro is pegged to July 25th, when Spaniard Hernán Pérez Bocanegra y Córdoba arrived with his ally and Otomi leader Conín.
Pope Leo X authorized the Franciscans to preach in the Americas.
Fall of Tenochtitlan.
1521
1641 Stronger territorial units appeared, with more precise land rights, under the term H A C I E N D A , which generally designated a rural property, whether agricultural, livestock or mining.
Querétaro was "very fertile, fresh and vicious of grapes, pomegranates and figs, apart from many other fruits from Castilla". This neighborhood had grown, they were dedicated to raising major and minor cattle, as well as the cultivation of wheat.
1586
On April 29, it was determined that parish aids would be erected in the city and its district, dependent on the parish o f Querétaro.
1712
The town’s foundation took place on March 13, 1753 with the purchase of land by the Franciscans for the establishment of the Auxiliary Parish of Santa Rosa.
1753
1918
1914 1871 "Foundation Act": document in which the land of Timoteo Fernández de Jáuregui is donated in favor of the Santa Rosa City Council, raising the plan ing. Mariano Reyes, who leaves the streets and squares delimited.
The peons of the haciendas of Jofre, Buenavista, Santa Catarina and Montenegro, located in the municipality of Santa Rosa, "accompanied by music and in perfect order" came to the once quiet and peaceful city to request an increase in wages, decrease in tasks and the price of corn, apart from employee rotation.
1917
The endowment of the ejido to the town of Santa Rosa on February 14, 1918, through the resolution issued by President Carranza.
Without question, one of the most important achievements of the Querétaro Congress was Article 27, which can be considered the culmination of centuries of struggles to resolve the problem of land and the poverty of rural people.
Querétaro is politically divided into 18 municipalities and Santa Rosa becomes part of the municipality of Querétaro.
1914 Carranza set out to gather a Constituent Congress. He considered that the seat should be the city of Querétaro, so it was declared the provisional capital of the Republic indefinitely, until the sessions ended.
The surname Jáuregui is placed on the name of Santa Rosa.
1871
1916 Mexican Revolution.
1910
It is given the character of political delegation with the name of Santa Rosa Jáuregui.
1918
I n t r o d u c t i o n
U
R
B C
A O
N R
E
The Santa Rosa Jรกuregui main town represents a sub-center and an important area of urban containment for all the surrounding neighborhoods. This area is limited by the Federal Highway 57, this highway represents a limit due to its hierarchy as main road. In the outskirts we can find progressive and precarious housing colonies such as La Cruz, Las Rosas and the Town of Santa Rosa Jauregui, meanwhile in the south, the zone adjoins to the most important recreational center, the Bicentennial Park. Talking about society distribution, the most part of population in the area is stablished in rural territory but they do not longer have answers for their commercial, education and health demand so the main town in Santa Rosa works as stuctural and attracting nucleus for the sorrounding rural communities.
San Isidro
Santa Catarina
Pie de Gallo
9
Pinto
Pintillo
Santa Catarina
San Isidro Buenavista
Pie de Gallo
Estancia de La Rochera
Montenegro
Casa Blanca Solana San Juan San Isidro El Viejo Solana Trojes
San Miguelito Dolores
San JosĂŠ Buenavista
Rural Towns Water bodies Roads
I n t r o d u c t i o n
N O D E S
&
C O M M E R C E The
main
public
space
within
the
area is the delegation garden and esplanade, in front of the Santa Rosa de Lima parroque. It lends itself to host different public events. As for recreation and sports, the presence Santa Rosa de Lima
of the Bicentenario Park stands out for
its
metropolitan
reach.
The
Santa Rosa market is the only one in the entire delegation and provides service to all nearby towns. As for minor commerce, it is mainly found in Bicentenario Park
the central part of the area, which corresponds to the main avenue and the commercial corridor on Calle de Independencia, which crosses the area vertically. This type of trade stands Santa Rosa Market
out for being first-rate and local.
1 2
I n t r o d u c t i o n
INFRASTRUCTURE
In
terms
of
and
services,
infrastructure some
areas
with
deficiencies can be seen, especially in the southwest area of Santa Rosa, which joins the northern part of
due to a possible rupture of two curtains
of
the
Santa
Catarina
and El CajĂłn dams, which managed to fill 100% during previous rainy seasons. As for the drain, sewage
Juriquilla. Some of these houses do and
trash
from
nearby
colonies
not have potable water and drainage infrastructure, in addition to the fact that the area generally lacks
is discharged , as well as from the QuerĂŠtaro Industrial Park. In
storm drainage facilities, which
both cases, there is no previous
causes severe flooding in the rainy
treatment,
season. There is a risk of flooding
serious
1 3
which
generates
pollution
problems.
02
The following chapter presents an analysis of the current problems of the delegation. Their environmental, social and urban contexts and the needs of the residents of the Santa Rosa Jauregui delegation were analyzed.
PROBLEMATIC R u n o f f
1 8
&
F l o o d i n g
1 9
2 1 2 0
F l o o d i n g
2 2
W a t e r
P r e c i p i t a t i o n
What
Do
The
Inhabitants
Think?
2 3
Santa Catarina Dam
Dolores Dam
Juriquilla Dam
Topography Water runoff 0
500 1000 1500
P r o b l e m a t i c
W
A
T
E
R
R U N O F F As seen in the map the Santa Rosa Jauregui
drain
is
the
initial
part of a water run-off that goes through
Santa
Rosa
town,
passes
Presa Dolores and Presa Juriquilla and ends in Santiago de Queretaro Santa Catarina Dam
main river, all of these locations mentioned
are
full
of
people
organized in communities, families and commercial organizations thus they need and use water for their daily
life,
work
and
services.
Dolores Dam
Now knowing that we could impact a bigger and not expected area it is
remarkable
the
importance
of
care, conservation of clean water since it is a source of a healthy life for all this living people. Queretaro River
1 8
P r o b l e m a t i c
PRECIPITATION & F L O O D I N G QuerĂŠtaro has a problem with rains mainly in June, July and August. These months have rainfall levels of 120 mm maximum and minimum 110 mm. Last year a historic rainfall was recorded for the Santa Rosa Jauregui delegation of 25 mm in one day. This precipitation causes flooding throughout the city and the most affected area of Santa Rosa, which is the lowest part from Matamoros Street to Hermenegildo Galeana Street. The rest of the year rainfall varies between 5 mm and 10 mm. The non-permeable floor, the low capacity of the drain, the different waste dumped into it and the lack of a correct infrastructure make it a difficult combination for people living near the drain affected in their daily life with risk of flooding.
1 9
January
5
mm
February March
5 5
mm mm
April
18
mm
May
40
mm
June
110
mm
July
110
mm
August
110
mm
September
110
mm
October
40
mm
November December
10 10
mm mm
ng
neli
Chan rain
ZAPATA
D
juato
Guana
EL PEDREGAL
Av. Independencia
Zaragoza
VALLE DORADO
Av. Ignacio Zaragoza
LAS LAJITAS
tiano
Carra
nza
LOMAS DEL PEDREGAL
Drain Channeling
Venus
Dolores Dam
2 1 2 0
LAS LAJITAS
DRAIN / FLOODABLE AREA
EL PEDREGAL
P r o b l e m a t i c
2
1
2
0
F L O O D I N G Based on a study carried out on the rainfall that occurs in Santa Rosa
Jauregui,
we
reached
the
conclusion that this project has to be prepared for the future. In 2014 in this area of QuerĂŠtaro, the floods reached a height of one and a half meters. This was concerning since the lower areas of Santa Rosa that goes from Matamoros Street to 2120 FLOODING
200 cms
2014 FLOODING
150 cms
2020 AV ERAGE
60 cms
Hermegildo Galeana. These streets are
the
concentrated,
floods leaving
are
mostly
the
Las
Lajitas and Pedregal neighborhoods more
DRAIN CAPACITY
where
vulnerable
to
the
rains.
Considering these historical data and the projections of the growth of
0 cms
the water they are telling us that
-30 cms
in one hundred years the level of this would reach up to two meters.
2 2
P r o b l e m a t i c
WHAT DO THE INHABITANTS THINK?
Surveys indicated that those who live in the immediate area to the Santa Rosa Jรกuregui Drain consider that they live in a risk zone, while the perception of their neighbors changes by not being directly affected. Regarding the problems derived from the floods, the majority of the population considers that the level of risk is high or medium, which means they feel unsafe in the place where they live, plus about 80% consider that the floods
2 3
are caused by three main reasons: river
protection
their
dwelling
alterations The
to
occur, of
housing
of
sand,
the
entrances the
accomplished
out
rainy
as
drain.
by
wearing
and
environment.
carry
when
such
bordering
locations the
population
activities
infrastructure,
daily
seasons
protection and
areas
This
is
stacking
sacks
plastic
boots,
carrying children in their arms to school and placing gravel on streets which
reduce
sludge
formation.
No water connection
Drain without capacity
D R A I N No drainage system
Non-permeable floor
F L O O D S
W WAA TT E ER R POLLUTION POLLUTION C C YY CC L LE E
R A I N
F E C E S
W A S T E No street furniture
No storm drainage
PESTICIDE
Uncontrolled farming
No recycling education
P r o b l e m a t i c
W A T E POLLUTION
No drainage system
Drain
R
There are many factors with a direct influence on water pollution today in Santa Rosa Jauregui. The principal causes are the lack of infrastructure for standardized wastes, water drainage systems, uncontrolled farming, and no recycling culture. As a result, water is polluted with feces, trash, and pesticides. When it rains in Santa Rosa during the summer the rain transforms what could a clean source of water be into a dirty drain. This combined with the low capacity of the drain and the non-permeability of the ground increases the flooding that will end up in Queretaro, risking and affecting directly to the environment and quality life of the population, especially to the houses and streets near the drain.
Agriculture
2 6
03
The following chapter presents the different design strategies, these respond to different problems that arise in the Santa Rosa Jauregui delegation. These solve storage, channeling and filtration through natural methods.
STRATEGIES S t r a t e g i e s
3 0
D e s i g n
3 1
F i l t r a t i o n
3 4
E x p a n s i o n
&
1. FIlTER STRIPS
6
5
Capacity: 1,544,945 l. 2. PERVIOUS PAVING 3
4 2
1
Capacity: 27,465,700 l.
4 1 2
3. BASIN
3
Capacity: 337,500 l. 1
4 2
4. SWALES
5
1
4 2
Capacity: 3,089,892 l. 5. DRAIN SECTION
3
5
Capacity: 144,855,000 l. 6. WETLANDS
Capacity: 322,312,500 l.
S t r a t e g i e s
S T R A T E G I E S
A topography analysis was carried
and will have aquatic vegetation,
out, in which the lowest points
whose function will be to reduce
of the delegation were determined.
sediments and contaminants that the
This is where most of the floods
water contains. Linear filtration
are
concentrated,
areas
surrounding
affecting the
the
canal.
systems are included, which will also be located parallel to the
In the rainy season, the drain does
streets.
not have the dimensions to meet
of rocks and aggregates that will
the needs of draining the water
allow filtration to the aquifers.
from the area. Our project takes
Permeable
various
channel
considered
causing
The rest of the water that reaches
water
strategies safely
flooding.
The
that
without first
strategies
These
systems
pavement for
are
is
recharging
made
also them.
we
the lowest points will be retained
will implement are swales, which
by basins or farmponds. These will
are shallow, broad and vegetated
house
channels designed to store and/or
longer time to allow its filtration
convey runoff and remove pollutants.
and
the
avoid
stagnant
the
water
mixture
of
for
a
these
These will be located parallel to
waters with the black waters that
the streets of Santa Rosa Jauregui
will
run
throughout
the
drain.
3 0
S t r a t e g i e s
E X P A N S I O N &
D E S I G N
Drain enhancement will be achieved by expanding its section whereas increasing
water
capacity
and
Flood area
eliminating flood risks through flow control. Tolerating, adapting and
Permeable materials as an example public
spaces
as
adapting
paths
as
an
and
evading
floodable elevated solution.
Water control can bring essential benefits for users, such as water harvesting, irrigation systems and filters for green area conservation. Public
space
preservation
and
visitor security will be guaranteed with
3 1
these
interceptions.
Tolerating
tolerating,
Adapting
of
Evading
evading will be the major strategies.
2.5 mts
Dike
PERMEABLE SQUARE
GREEN STAIRCASE
FILTERING VEGETATION
SWALE / RAIN GARDEN
WATERWAY
PERMEABLE SIDEWALK
RAINWATER
SLOPED ROOF
Irrigation
WORKSHOPS
PUBLIC
SPACE
GREEN
INFRASTRUCTURE
MOBILITY
WASTE
TRAP
REED
WATER-LILY
SPARTINA
WATER-LILY
WATER LETTUCE
Emersed species
Submersed floating
Emersed species
Submersed floating
Free floating
NATURAL
WETLAND
DRAIN
S t r a t e g i e s
F I L T R A T I O N
Waste Trap
Wetlands
Rhizome microorganisms
Absorbs nitrate and phosphate
In order to accomplish hydraulic care and purification we will use trash traps in key locations. Afterwards, water will be driven to natural wetlands to start with filtration and eliminating foul odors and bacteria, attaining clean water as final output. There are different kinds of aquatic plants that can help with the filtration of water. The emersed species, like reed, are rooted in shallow water and help getting rid of heavier metals. Water trickling through the reed bed is cleaned by microorganisms living on the root system and in the litter. The floating species ,like water-lilies, help to purify the water by absorbing nutrients such as nitrate and phosphate from the water, while their photosynthesis produces oxygen in return.
3 4
04
The next chapter is about “La Rosa” park´s program. The urban context of Santa Rosa was analyzed for the design, taking into account the topography, paths, bodies of water and the different needs of the residents.
PROGRAM Z o n i n g
3 8
P r o g r a m
3 9
W e t l a n d
P a r k
4 2
D r y
S e a s o n
4 7
R a i n y
S e a s o n
5 0
round
round
Underg
Underg
Av. Independencia
Commercial Corridor
Santa Rosa Market
Commercial Corridor
Av. Independencia
Santa Rosa Market
A X E S
GEOMETRY
Z O N I N G
Park Circulation
Pre-existing Footpaths
Preserve & Agriculture
Cultural Axis
Footpath Connections
Car Connection
nd
ou rgr
e
Und
Bicentenario Park
Culture & Arts
Access Nodes r
erg
Und
d oun
Bicentenario Park
Recreation & Commerce
nd
rou
erg
Und
Bicentenario Park
P r o g r a m
Z
O
The first step for designing the park
land
and
was to analyze the urban context of
on
pre-existing
Santa Rosa. This analysis showed
were
given
that the Ignacio Zaragoza avenue
Likewise, for the access we rely
has a lot of commerce and this
on pedestrian crossings, streets
street connects with a commercial
and
corridor.
easy and safe access for users.
Our
intention
is
to
N
its
I
N
G
by
circulations,based paths
the
sidewalks
that
inhabitants.
to
provide
and
incorporate this street as a main axis
and
the
secondary
streets,
The
zoning parts.
is
divided
surrounding the “La Rosa” park area
three
are considered as secondary axes.
the
The second step for the design of
agriculture. The second one that
the “La rosa” park was making the
is culture and arts and the last
geometry with the perimeter of the
one
area
of
commerce
The
first
into
perservation
and
one, and
recreation.
3 8
P r o g r a m
P R O G R A M
The
project
is
divided
into
three sections. The first section is the area of preservation and agriculture, in this we highlight the importance of water bodies for their filtration, containment and recharge
of
aquifers.
Likewise,
the purpose of this section is to be a lung and promote the arrival of different types of species. The second consists in a workshop and culture area, a space where they can develop different skills and a multifunctional
cultural
center
that adapts to the different needs of users. The third consists of a
commerce
and
recreation
area,
giving spaces where users can take children to have fun, walk and eat food
3 9
without
any
complications.
1
2
sa a Ro Sant et k r Ma
3 Guan
4
ajua
to
1
2 a . Zapat Calle E
1
PRESERVED 1. 2. 3. 4.
Preserved Area Wetland Views Farmponds Productive Area
Elementary School
2
Zar ago za
La
s
La
ji
ta
s
1
AREA
CULTURE
&
ARTS
1. Workshops & Gallery 2. Multifunctional Culture Center
Av. Ignacio Zaragoza
2 RECREATION COMMERCE
1
&
1.Hiking Paths 2.Playground Itinerant Market Ven ust ian o Car ran za
3 Priv
ate Fiel ds
Prec
ario us Hous ing
W E T L A N D S
P r o g r a m
W E T L A N D P
A
R
K
The care of the water bodies is of great importance since they have the
most
important
purification
and filtration system. Since this will filter all the water to the subsoil and will be purified by all the
aquatic
plants of
vegetation.
carry
out
oxygenation,
the
Aquatic
functions
purification
and
filtration of the water before it reaches
the
subsoil.
Likewise,
to prevent the water from being polluted it has been integrated as an important part of the park. The wetlands
are
integrated
through
the use of bridges and these are connected
with
the
rest
of
the
circulations that connect with the urban context of the delegation.
4 2
P r o g r a m
D
R S
The
Y
E park
“La
thinking seasons
A
Rosa”
about in
S
two
O is
N
planned
fundamental
Quéretaro;
the
dry
season and the rainy season. In the case of the dry season, the
Jacaranda
program is activated through the interaction
of
the
neighbors
surrounding the Santa Rosa Jáuregui drain, mobility, and activities. We decided to enliven the colors of
drought
vegetation colors
employing that
during
gives this
Delonix Regia
deciduous us
bright
season
and
some warmth and joy in the space. Bougainvillea
4 7
PLAYGROUND
CULTURAL
LAJ LAS
ITA
CENTER
WORKSHOPS
S Lu Sa
Av
EL
. Za
ra
go
za Lu Sa
n
is
P
R ED
EG
AL
n
is
PLAYGROUND
CULTURAL
LAJ LAS
ITA
CENTER
WORKSHOPS
S Lu Sa
Av
EL
. Za
ra
go
za Lu Sa
n
is
P
R ED
EG
AL
n
is
P r o g r a m
R
A
I
N
Y
E
A
S
O
S
N
During the rainy season in Santa Rosa Jáuregui, the “La Rosa” park is
designed
to
retain
water
in
its trenches so that the somewhat Salix babylonica
high program continues to function as
mobility
routes.
For
these
trenches that are thought to be Ahuehuete
flooded, exist
vegetation
with
water
that was
could
carefully
chosen, for example, the weeping willow, elm, reeds, and Ahuehuete. Ulmus
5 0
L A R O S A