Volume 15 - Issue 2

Volume 15 Number two

October 15, 1982

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TheNewJournal

-Delightfully Different DiningBRUNCH

- Saturdays & Sundays 12:00-4:30 Featuring live Classical Music Sundays

SPECIAL BAR MENU -

Always available M ostly Mexican, fun, fast, and great prices

HAPPY HOUR

- Monday-Friday 4:30-7:00 Reduced drink prices/ Wine specials I Imported Beers

1104 Chapel Street, New Haven 785-0080 Beside the Yale Rep Special parties welcome

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Publisher Ed Bennett Editor-in-Chief Andy Court Designer Matthew Bartholomew Business Manager Barbara Burrell Production Manager Hilary Callahan Photography Editor J eff Strong Associate Editors Geoff Hayward, Paul H ofheinz, Jim Lowe, W. H ampton Sides, Lelia Wardwell Associate Production Manager Alex Savich

Staff Jane Kamensky, • Morris Panner, • Christia nna Williams, • *elected October 5, 1982

Friends Anonymous Anson M. Beard, J r.

Edward B . Bennett, Jr. Nancy R. Bennett Louise F. Cooper J ames W. Cooper Peter B. Cooper •• Geoffry Fried Sherwin Goldman Brooks Kelley Andrew J. Kuzneski, Jr. • Lewis E. Lehrman Fairfax Randall** Nicholas X. Rizopoulos Dick and Debbie Sears Richard Shields Thomas Strong Alex and Betsy Torello Allen and Sarah Wardwell Daniel Y ergin *new friend • • has given a second time COVER PHOTO COURTESY OF 8EINECKE RARE BOOK LIBRARY

Volume 15

4 5

N umber two .

October 15, 1982

Letters Comment Student government critiaue and reform A proposal for YCC and JCSC to join forces.

by Morris Panner

7 NewsJoumal God and Frum at Yale Segregation by wealth?

Over the wires

10 Major stories Cover: What Ez Po told Possum A look at the largely unpublish£d letters and original by Katherine Scobey TTUlnuscripts of Ezra Pound, including his epistles to Possum (T.S. Eliot) and]IJIJ!Jayzus Uames Joyce).

16

An interview with D. Allan Bromley A national nuclear expert discusses misconceptions about the dangers of atomic power.

22

Messing with the system A computer cn'minal flexes his fingers, and undergrads are almost logged off

26

35

by Lindsay Rodes

Profile The grande dame of Hillhouse For 75 years, Rachel Trowbrid.ee lived in the eerie and palatial Greek Revival home at 46 Hillhouse.

She died six weeks ago and bequeathed her mansion to Yale.

31

by Barbara Burrell

b'f Bruce Owen

Architecture The ills of A&A

The "tragic drama" of a troubled ediface.

by Tina Kelley

Theater The d ramats unite A revitalized council of dramats attempts to increase by Laura Pappano cooperation between theater groups, and petitions the universiry for more space.

38

Books Mothers and sisters

Cmu bulle, huge mass, thesaurus; &batat~, the doclc tic/cs and ftuks out, ~ bnde awaiting the god's toueh; &batan, City of pattnned strnts; again the vision: Down in the viae strtuiM, wga'd the crowd, and.from paraj>rl looked dQwn. To North was Egypt. the blue deep Nile cutting low barrm land Old men and camels ' . , worlcing the water-wheels; larnbltchus light, and . the souls ascmding, Spar/cs lilce a partridge covey, , . Lilce the oocco; brand struelc in the game. ~ omniforrms : Air, fire, the pale soft light. ~ I manage, and thrn sorts of blue; but on the barb of time.

Afro-American graduate student Gloria Naylor's new novel about sisterhood in the black ghetto.

by Sylvia Wilson

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The New Journal/October 15, 1982

3

TheNewJournal

Letters

Members and Directors

Polinsky's adam's apple

Russo out of touch

To the Editor: To the Editor: We at the Yale Precision Marching John Russo's address to the class of '82 Henry C. Chauncey, Jr.• ("Perils of the Middle Path," TNJ, Band, being a rather self-absorbed lot, Peter B. Cooper very much enjoyed reading about September 10, 1982) says more about Brooks Kelley• ourselves in your recent issue. the speaker than about anything else.

Peter Neill • However, there are a number of points Russo says: "We cannot allow our large which we would like to clear up. bureaucratic organizations, both Thomas Strong 1) As you are no doubt now aware, public and private, to render us perMr. Richard Thurston is no longer sonally irrelevant without hope." *elected September 17 faculty advisor for the band. Over the Russo's approach is out of touch. He summer, he returned to his native is . forced into fabricating large corBoard of Advisors Oklahoma soil. Our new resident deity porate dragons to slay, simply to have and overlord is Mr. Tom Duffy, whom something to slay. He imagines John Hersey we are very pleased and proud to have economic demons that limit our Roger Kirwood with us. freedom without us knowing it. It is ·f homas Strong 2) We wish to God that the media always easier to attack something no Elizabeth Tate would get off the Dropping-The-Pantsone can see, something no one knows On-The-Field thing. We do not conabout; no one can argue with you. sider it an example of the offensiveness The truth of the matter is students October 15, 1982- Volume 15, Number two we are trying to avoid. All band have not lost their idealism to some TM NewjouNUll, a Yale University magazine of members were wearing diapers capitalistic boogeyman. They have news and comment, is published six times durunderneath, revealing much less than discovered that people like John Russo ing the school year by the New Journal at Yale, the cheerleaders one sees prancing have no constructive solutions to offer, Inc., Post Office Box 3432 Yale Station, New about on the television during profesonly romantic notions of"changing the Haven CT 06520 Copyright © 1982 by the sional games. Frankly, we still think system." People have discovered that New Journal at Yale, Inc. All rights reserved. the idea was a tremendous giggle. The_ idealism must be tempered by some Reproduction, either in whole or in part, without written permission of the Publisher and only reason we won't do it again is that sense of the real and conflicting Editor-in-Chief, is prohibited. "it's been done." demands made on society. Or, to use 3) Between the time of your interRusso's langugage, if you can't drink Ten thousand copies of each issue are view with David Polinsky and the pure artesian spring water, then you distributed for free to all members of the Yale publication of the article, his Adam's hc{ve to make do with Coke.

University community. apple, which your writer reported was I suspect Russo is insincere. He TM NewjouNUll is typeset by the Charlton Press doesn't really want to change anything. the size of a fist, seems to have fallen of New Haven, CT and printed by the Trumoff. We have examined Mr. Polinsky's Without some oppressive, yet conbull Printing Company of Trumbull, CT. throat and found it to be absolutely veniently anonymous corporation to Bookkeeping and accounting services provided smooth (if it's shaved). Obviously he's attack, Russo would have nothing to

by Colman Bookkeeping of New Haven, CT. lost his Adam's apple. Have you seen it shake his sword at. Indeed, he himself Billing services by Comprehensive Business Se,... lying about anywhere? would be exposed as "personally irrelevices of Hamden, CT. vant."

Your~ inquiringly, Thomas McQuillen Office hours weekday 1-3 pm, Peter Schmitz Ezra Stiles, 1984 I 05 Becton Center Announcer for the YPMB Phone: (203) 436-4525 4

The New Journal/October 15, 1982

Comment Student government: critique and refonn

Morris Pan ner Five times last month, I sat outside the dining hall asking the same questions over and over: "Have you voted for Yale College Council (YCC) yet?

Have you bought a SAC card yet?"

Although I didn't like being constantly ignored, I fully expected to be. We are so accustomed, it seems, to ignoring the student groups that shape our lives that we have stopped asking ourselves why we don't care. Few of us find it unusual that five colleges could not complete their YCC elections on the designated weekend in September.

There were so many editorials critical of the YCC last sring in the Yale Daily News that we didn't bother to read them. And, if we have been less critical of the Joint Council of Social Chairpersons UCSC), it may be because few of us realize that JCSC takes $3 .25 of our $30 SAC fee, and even fewer of us take part in deciding how the JCSC spends this money, which amounts to almost $10 ,000.

It is useless to tell people to get involved in student government if that government has no power and no money, while social committee ch airpersons spend $10,000 with no one realizing it. I don't have a simple solution. I propose a new beginning for student government. First, combine the JCSC and the YCC into one centralized and representative body.

Then, do what Stiles and Berkley already do: allow the residential college councils to distribute the college's share of the money obtained from SAC card sales.

The YCC and the JCSC have failed in the past because they operate under the assumption that issues of social life and student government are unrelated .

The YCC talks to the administration, and the JCSC organizes the parties.

The YCC has helped but not governed. Its efforts for Communiversity D ay, fresh man orientation and a stu-

dent handbook have been successful, but this is just part of what it should do. The YCC discussed both the foreign language requirement and the addition of pluses and minuses to the grading system, but did nothing. The YCC will have no influence until it has a solid base of student support, which means a truly representative system.

The YCC's impotence at first doesn't seem that serious. None of us is bothered that much by the recent changes. If we are going to take time off from school work, we would rather devote it to what we call "real" issues.

But what if the changes in University policy- the grade change, the reduction m college seminars, the policy of shutting down happy hours and the most recent proposal to move finals'til after Christmas vacation- are part of a larger pattern? What if alJ the changes we see around us are not really progress, as the University claims, but simply a return to what we had before?

Once we stop being involved in the decision-making process mer ely because everything seems so good, we are in danger of being unable to perceive the larger trends in policy.

When we say that nothing is really important here, we only trivialize our lives here.

In decisions of social life, too, we have too often let others decide for us.

Although the JCSC sets the social calendar, it has not successfully represented student opinion to the masters and the administration . Last year when the Council of Masters changed the .SAC card purchasing rules, the JCSC made a poor attempt to find out what the students thought.

As a result of the change, SACs could lose up to 30 percent of their budget to reduced SAC card sales. Why can th e masters make such a significant change in our social lives without consulting us?

But the problem of YCC and JCSC is more than just a lack of coordination. Neither group is representative.

Each college elects only rwo YCC representatives and, despite their best efforts, they are rarely able to gain the students' confidence. My own experience as a representative has confirmed this, and many of the other representatives have expressed similar doubts to me. As one put it, "If I were to say that I speak for the students in my college, they wou!d laugh in my face."

TheJCSC's problem is more subtle.

Potentially, the college SACs could discuss JCSC issues at open SAC meetings, but somehow this. rarely happens. None of us ever sees the JCSC's budget, and even if we do have a suggestion, all we can do as ask our SAC chairpersons to present it and hope for the best. Too often SAC The New Journal/October 15, 1982

5

Hey! Are you ready for some home cooking again?

Come to Claire's Comer Copia for homemade soups, quiches, cookies, muffins, cakes and mexican foods ...

And tell Mom you're eating right.

Claire's 1000 Olapel St. at College

Daily 8 a.m. - 10 p.m.

The New Journal thardcs: Sue Alcock Chris Baker Sarah Banks Joy Bochner Laura Boyer Alexa Bradley Becky Dudley Michael Gordy Jane Hinson Tina Kelley Katie Kressman Rob Moore Laura Pappano Peter Phleger Tony Reese Stuart Rockefeller Candi Ruddy Marilynn Sager Vanessa Sciarra

Carole Smith Elizabeth Stauderman Adam Stock Tom Strong Claire Ting Max Tucker Eve Weinbaum Sylvia Yu Lisa Yun

6

The New Journal/October 15, 1982

chairpersons make all the decisions about the JCSC budget with little student consultation. The JCSC needs to formalize the commumcation betweeq itself and the students, because now it rarely happens. As a result, few students feel that they have any say in how the JCSC spends its money.

The system I propose could correct these problems of apathy and representation, making student government a productive force on campus. Each college would elect 12 representatives to its own Residential College Council. It would be responsible for distributing the college's SAC funds to activities in the college, whether social committees dramats, publications or gamerooms The Residential College Council would, in turn, elect a chairperson and a vice-chairperson who would represent the college on the Student Senate.

The Student Senate and the Residential College Councils would meet regularly.

This new government would be not merely a reshuffiing of the present system, but a truly new government.

Student government would be no longer a joke, but a responsibility.

Since the new system would be representative and directly involve more people, the very process of establishing the councils would encourage commitment. Students would no longer be isolated from social and academic policy decisions, and the frustrations that so many of us have felt would end. The new government would have a substantial budget, incorporating both the JCSC and the YCC budgets, which together would amount to almost $12,000. We could try new ideas because we would have the money to pay for them.

For colleges that don't have a college council system like those of Stiles or Berkeley, where the council distributes all SAC funds, the new system would require substantial changes. Despite these changes, however, each college would retain full control over its own SAC funds.

The Student Senate, growing out of the Residential College Councils, would be responsible for the present roles of both the YCC and the JCSC. Mter discussing issues and social

events in the Student Senate, the chairpersons could then bring back the ideas to their colleges for discussion and action. Less frequently, all 12 college councils would meet together to give final approval for any unified student action.

Because the authority of student government is at present virtually nonexistent, I find that it is difficult to identify who should present the plan to the colleges. But it seems logical that the YCC representatives and the SAC chairpersons would introduce the plan and begin discussion. After allowing ample time for this discussion, the representatives and the chairpersons would conduct a referendum in each college, and if two-thirds of the colleges accept the plan, then it would be the new form of student government.

In addition to discussing the change in government, students could also consider the possibility of making SAC fees mandatory, since the new system would give students more say in how the funds are spent.

This new system would finally make student government worthwhile. We would have control over how student government spends 1ts money, and the Student Senate could present a position that truly represented the students. Once we had a student government that did something, the administration would take it seriously, not merely as a service organization, but as a true student government. We must stop being complacent and examine our lives here critically, realizing that changes in policy are not random events but part of a larger educational philosophy. We will always be busy, but we must realize that building and improving a community is worth our time. Just because the issues facing us are not a matter of life and death that doesn't mean we should stop caring about how they are made.

â&#x20AC;˘

Morris Fanner, a junior in Ezra Stiles College, is a Y C. C. representaJive and trÂŤlStt.nr of the Stiles College Council.

The opinions expressed in this section are those of the individual writers. Tlu New J~ welcomes letters to the editor, and comment on Yale and New Haven issues. Write to 3432 Yale Station, New Haven , CT 06520. All letters for publication must include address and signature.

l

NewsJournal God and Frum at Yale David Frum ('82) has hit upon a more congenial forum for his archconservative views than the editorial page of the Yale Daily News. In the October 1 issue of the National Review, Frum wrote an article about his days at Yale called "'A Memo to the Freshman Class."

Last year, Frum became one of the most controversial figures on cjlmpus.

H is weekly column in the YDN, called "Juvenalia" (which means youthful works in Latin), provoked dozens of letters of protest and angry responses fo r the conservative opinions it presented. Frum relished the controversy. "I like causing fuss," he told The Ntw Journal last spring ("The Fuss Over Frum" TN], April 19, 1982).

"A Memo to the Freshman Class," is vintage Frum. It resembles his earlier column in the YDN by seeming to deliberately provoke liberals. The article begins by describing the situation that led the editors of the Daily News to ask him to write a weekly column. "'It was, I think, the sight of me reeling through the streets of New Haven early in the morning of President Reagan's election, brandishing empty bottles of champagne bellowing 'Happy Days are again!'"

Frum goes on to assess the political mood at Yale. He keeps to his earlier theme that Yale is basically a liberal campus where people's opinions change with the political climate. "As a result, liberal Yale looked very radical in 1970, and liberal Yale looks rather conservative in 1982," he writes.

Frum says he found being a conservative at Yale was not very difficult. "'In my first year, conservatism was still

a zany cult; by my last, it was a lively minority." Frum also notes that "civility, by and large, once again flourishes like ivy at Yale, and the intimidation of dissidents that was one of the distasteful features of the bad decade 1965 to 1975, usually known as 'the Sixties,' takes more subtle- and therefore more bearable- forms."

Some people have noted that Frum seems to be following in the footsteps of fellow conservative William F. Buckley Jr., who also began his career at the YDN. In 1951, Buckley wrote a book entitled God and Man at Yalt in which he criticized Yale for not inculcating its students with moral values. Like Frum, Buckley had just graduated from Yale (where he was an outspoken conservative) when the work appeared.

Buckley is now the editor of the National Rtvitw, which solicited Frum to write "A Memo to the Freshman Class " upon his graduation.

At present, Frum is living in his native Toronto trying to support himself as a writer. He plans to do several book reviews for the National Review this fall. Frum also intends to write a book in the near future on Canadian politics, although he won't reveal any specific details about its contents. â&#x20AC;˘ -Paul Hojhtinz

NewsJou Financial aid:

The diversity Issue Will the Reagan administration's persistent cutbacks in educational aid affect the diversity of Yale and other Ivy League schools? Many people, including Yale President A. Bartlett Giamatti, fear the reductions will threaten to halt or reverse the trend in the last two decades toward greater enrollment of minority and public school students in private universities.

These fears come at a time when private schools, the Ivies in particular, have been receiving a great deal of bad press. The New York Times, for example, recently decried what it termed "a new college segregation," citing "a disturbing decline in the number of low- and moderate-income students at private colleges." The Times wrote: "The nation is unwittingly moving toward a caste system, with private institutions serving the wealthy and only a token number of the poor."

A recent cover of The New Republic ("Schools for Snobbery: You Are Where You Went," October 4) featured a less-than-reverent cartoon depicting a Yale family portrait, with grandad, dad, and grandson proudly posed in Old Blue attire with Yale buttons in a sitting room covered with Yale wallp~r and a Lux tt Veritas plaque. The article, written· by Paul FusselJ, began: "In the absence of a system of hereditary ranks and titles . . . Americans have had to depend for their mechanism of snobbery far more than other peoples on their college and university hierarchy~ Accusing schools like Yale and Harvard of elitism, the article continued: ..'The educational system has been effectively appropriated by the upper strata and transformed into an instrument which tends to reproduce the class struture and transmit inequality' . . . The effect of the whole system is to stabilize class rigidity under the cover of opening up genuine higher learning to everyone."

Indeed, a number of private schools, including Dartmouth and Brown, have had to abandon either the policy of "need-blind" admissions or of guaranteed aid to those who demonstrate need. But Yale, Harvard, Princeton and other schools with substantial alumni resources and hefty endowments have so far been able to 8

The New Journal/October 15, 1982

OCJO •t• •

maintain a policy of admittingstudents regardless of financial circumstances .

Surprisingly, despite a near-record II ,023 applicants to Yale this fall, the number of students applying for fmancial aid declined for the first time in years. After three years of steep increases, the percentage of freshmen on financial aid leveled ofT at 42 percent for the current freshman class, after being 43 percent for last year's class.

Although fewer freshmen than sophomores are on fmancial aid this year, Worth David, dean of undergraduate admissions, does not believe Yale is beginning to feel the effects of any "new colJege segregation" of rich and poor. In terms of minority and publicschool students enrolJed, David argues, the class of 1986 is more

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diverse than most classes over the past ten years. He includes the senior class, but not the sophomore class, in that judgment.

Yale spends a lot of money in its e,. fort to attract what Giamatti one called "a splendidly in rcresting student body which reflects the -tuality and diversity of American society." In 1981-82 aid for undergraduates and graduate students amounted to a staggering ten percent of the University's total expenditures from endowments and general appropriations. Two years ago Yale spent $5.2 milJion to meet the needs of its undergraduate'!; last year it spent almost $7 million. ~is year the cost of diversity and equ< 1pponunity for undergraduates is pr ·ted at $8.8 million.

Despite these steep increases , Giamatti and other administrators say the University is determined to continue its policy of admitting students regardless of need . Administrators, however, do not rule out the possibility of one day abandoning Yale's policy of meeting the full needs of admitted students.

"Under such a policy (change)," said David, "if we admitted 600 students who qualified for aid but only had enough money to finance 500 of them, we might send letters of acceptance to

Over the wires Old phone systems never die, it seems, t hey j u st get rewired. At least that's wh at's happening, slowly but surely, to Yale's Centrex phone service, which the U n iversity leases from t he Southern New England Telephone Com pany (SNET). Working from a circuitry blueprint so intricate it would make an engineer's heart soar, the Yale Communications Department is in the midst of a five-year rewiring project that will do away with Centrex and allow Yale to manage its own phone system by as early as the first quarter of 1985.

I t's no small project . All told, the engineers will have to rewire about 14,000 phone lines in an estimated 234 Yale buildings. When it's over and don e with, your monthly phone bill will come from Mother Yale, instead of Ma Bell, and phone charges will graciously appear on the Bursar's Bill.

T h e switch is all part of Yale's effort to keep up with the changing times and the burgeoning private telephone industry only recently made possible by the federal deregulation of AT&T. A result of the anti-trust settlement earlier this year is that businesses and ins~itutions can now legally purchase the1r own phone systems. According to Yale Communications, the big advantage of owning a priva te system is that Yale will be able to circumvent SNET rate hikes, phone rental costs and installation fees , which have been steadily on the rise. "The idea behind the project ," said Mike Grunder, manager of Yale Communications, "is to offer the most efficient service as costeffectively as possible." And for Yale, cost effectiveness is more a necessity than a virtue: The University spends about $5 million a year on calls, and that fi gure does not even include student calls which Yale Comm unications cons~rvatively estimates amount to $ 2 million yearly .

all 600 but inform 100 of them that we couldn't meet their financial needs."

Regardless of what happens to future admissions policies , administrators assure students currently enrolled that their needs will be met for the duration of their undergraduate careers. So with the exception of those who feel that Yale's student body has never been "splendidly interesting," students can expect Yale's diversity to remain intact for at least the next eleven months.

• - M ike Otsuka

gnomon copy enomo n copy k"'W' t: whot y0t.1 ne ed in o XEROX copy Ut'lter . ond we've hod y e ars to t•finoe ft W e've been coter1"9 to coMet• stude fttJ os weflot tt\e bv1ine ss com .. "'"'"'tY for ovet aeventeen years . Come i n ond ... u s you' tl b e •n good company

Yale Commu nications has just recently completed the first phase of the project : the 6,000-line, 34-building M edical School system . Rather than using Cen trex, the Medical School a nd Yale-New H aven Hospital now have a brand new P rivate Business Excha nge (PBX), a system bought from Northern Telecom, a Canadian-based company. The PBX handles all local and intracampus calls, but long distance is still switched through SNET. The rates the Med School now pays are comparable to SNET rates.

But in about five years the pilot Med School project will have paid for itself, Grunder speculates, and within ten years the Med School will actually be saving money on the system.

•

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25 WHITNEY AVE. NEW HAVEN The New Journal/October 15, 1982

9

Ezra Pound, photo,t:rafJhed in 1903.

What Ez Po told Possum Katherine Scobey Waal naow, Po•sum my Wunlcu Dew yew XX.Xpekk me to be pracTical AWL th time' Aint it enufT that I write a nice prac:tic:al XI Cantos to inskrukk the reade in bist/ and ec:on/ even if I do leave out a greek hacltl· cent, which most of the readen wdllearn to copulate WITHOUT, almo.t u .oon/ unless impeded

And what did Possum expect?

T.S Eliot knew to expect the flam10

The New Journal/October 15, 1982

boyant, the extravagant, the obsessive, the legendary, if not the practical, from Ezra Pound. As did William Butler Yeats. As did Jamesjoyce. As did e.e. cummings. As did the hundrecb of writers, readers and publishers who corresponded with Pound. Was it practical to write more than 50,000 pages of correspondence?

Maybe, maybe not. But Ezra Pound was a prophet with many messages and missions; doing was essential, and for Pound, doing was writing.

Nearly everything Pound wrote is now in a subterranean room in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. There 50 ftle drawers hold roughly 50,400 pages of corres· pondence, more than 60,000 sheets of manuscript, and another 100,000 pages of copies and documents. The archive contains all of Pound's published· works; it also holcb a portion of his private library. Pound's own illustrations for the Cantos hang on the wall. Scrapbooks compiled by Pound's

"I leave out woldz that dont comport with wot l'ma drlvln at."

father fill more drawers. Several boxes hold the transcripts from Pound's broadcasts over Rome Radio during World War II; in the cabinet ¡below them are the FBI ftles on Pound's indictment for treason.

The Library began negotiating to acquire Pound's papers in the early '60s. In 1966 Pound's daughter deposited 15 trunks and wooden packing cases filled with her father's papers at the Beinecke, but curators could not open them because they were not L ibrary property. For six years negotiations lagged, and the trunks remained shut. After Pound died in 1972, the trustees of his estate were compelled to settle negotiations, and in 1973 the Library purchased the archive with funds from an anonymous donation. On September 26 of that year it opened as the Center for the Study of Ezra Pound and his Contemporaries. Since then, the archive has been used by thousands of scholars from all over the world; it constitutes the source of a wealth of new criticism of Pound's poetry.

The archive includes drawer after drawer of Pound's letters, each a stylized, creative oeuvre. They are scrawled in his bold hand, or typed, riddled with phonetic spellings and punctuated haphazardly with diagonal slash-marks. Pound is familiar and playful in the letters. He salutes James Joyce as j/j/j Jayzus me daRRRiint," and he and T. S. Eliot address each other regularly as Rabbit and Possum.

With a curious style that seems apropriate to this unorthodox poet, the letters express unabashed opinion in whacky, abstract metaphor. When he wants to rail to e.e. cummings about economic injustice in England, he writes: Deeuh eatlin et uJ<ur Canc:bub onnentan ITZ rne sportin sperrit I like playin tennis, but it wd. givv rne no ~ ov ple.aure to shot a pore subaqueous bapperpoTAmul with all odc:b on the JIOWZder an ahot .

Wbca you SOl .orne real big buuard like ~ bloody Bank of Eng. it is fun trailin ~varmints . aayhow iua gn-eat life. and I been bavin fu.n ~r a fortnight. benedictions. yrz EZ

In the middle of a letter to Eliot, Pound wrote this spontaneous verse: SONG FER TH MUSES GARDEN

Ez Po und Possum Have picked all the blossum, Let all the othen Run back to their mothen Fer a boye's b h' frien iz zOedipus, A boy's best friend is his Oedipus.

hiz

Pound must have taken great pleasure in entertaining those to whom he wrote, but at the same time, he sought to instruct them in the writing and reading of literature. H e is generally acknowledged to be the initiator of modem poetry; Ernest Hemingway wrote, "Any poet born in this century who can honestly say that he has not been influenced by or learned

greatly from the work of Ezra Pound deserves to be pitied rather than rebuked." Pound believed literature should function as inspiration to originality and creativity in men's lives, but he perceived that a vagueness and imprecision in current writing was thwarting that purpose. The consequence, he wrote, was that "The whole machinery of social and of individual thought and order goes to pot."

Through his correspondence Pound schooled writers and readers in clear, precise, viJrorous writing. In a letter to "Rev. Mo/possum" [aka Eliot], Pound explained, "I leave out woidz that dont comport with wot rma drivin at ...

Pound forged a new poetic mode to achieve exactitude in verse. In 1912 Pound, writing in Paris, with H .D . and Richard Aldington, articulated the

As a chi(d, Pound wrote to Santa Claus in "North Cloud/and, " requesting, among other things, ÂŤa whip and money for getting presentsfor otherpeople. " ~

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The New JoumaVOctober 15, 1982

11

The letters express unabashed opinion In wacky, abstract metaphor.

THE IT ALlAN REST AU RANT ELEGANTLY DETAILED FOR THE FINEST IN DINING PLEASURE

In some of the •regular" stuff, you fall too flady into the •whakty whakty whakty whakty whak' of the old pentameter. Pentameter O.K. if it is interesting, but al lot of linea with no variety won't do.

The manuscripts in the archive show the development of Pound's new style of poetry by demonstrating the creative process. One can follow the working of an idea from note-form to its ultimate expression in published verse. To see what Pound r~jected, to follow the refining of images and lines, is to follow Pound, step by step, to his new poetic mode.

Peter D'Epiro, in a doctoral dissertation written at Yale, used the Pound archive to demonstrate how Pound created theM ala testa Cantos D'Epiro traces ideas trom their genesis in the poetry notebooks, through their appearance in intermediary drafts, finally to their articulation in the published poem. Taking notes from a history book, Pound wrote in his notebook for Canto 8 these facts:

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three principles of his literature: direct treatment of subject, use only of essential words and new rhythm. In a letter to Iris Barry, one of the many young poets he had under his tutelage, Pound advised,

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The New Journal/October 15, 1982

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After that appear some unrelated notes on the page, but lower, as if Pound were suddenly inspired by the information he had scribbled, appear the lines : one year the river rose • • they fought in the snows one year the hail beat down the towers and trees.

The idea is ultimately expressed at the opening of Canto 9: One year One year One year trees and

Ooods rose, they fought in the anowa hail fell , breaking the walla.

Pouncfs writing was by no means wholly literary. From the mid '20s on he was increasingly active in economic

and political thought. As he had in literature, Pound assumed a mission in economics. He wrote books- among them, An ABC of &onomics andjiflmon and/or Musso/ini- and numerous ar¡ tides and treatises. He wrote to prominent government officials and financiers, and he raved to his friends . To Eliot he wrote: Dear Possum SHIT for the church of England and the archbastid of Canterbugger.

No use my telling him he is a pimp ... England as accuser; plantif and JUDGE .. .

League of Nations. never an ything but league of bank pimps. Nothing but WAR makes debt fast enough to satisfy the c ity You and I can get interest on what we m vest. But banks can lend ten times their capital .

America is NEUTRAL. Nobody but us privik c itizens can SAY anything.

Fer xt' z sakes lets SAY it . . .

During World War II he conducted a program over Rome Radio, broadcast in English, in which he discussed his economic and literary theory.

Pound's economic thought centered on the seeming cross-purposes of men dealing in goods and men dealing in gold and silver money. In a broadcast over Rome Radio, he stated his case: "The New Deal policy, whether intended or not, has been to the advantage of men who had and have gold to sell, who have silver to sell, not to the advantage of mankind . . . The Sassons own silver; the Rothschilds are gold brokers profiting by every deal that the Bank of London, the enemy of God and man, makes in gold, to buy or sell . . . There is not the least reason for the producers of grain and cotton to pay tribut~ to the producers or dealers in metals."

Pound's own illustration for his Canto XXV

The New Journal/October 15, 1982

13

He declared the betrayal of the American Constitution and an admiration tor Mussollnl.

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Pound wrote about economics to publisher, will publish much of the promote a return to the early contents of the archive. They have American ideal of limited government already put out two volu mes of cor-~ intervention. He declared the betrayal respondence- Ezra Pound Selecud Letof the A merican Constitution and an ters, 1907-1941 in 1950 and Pound/ · Joyce: Letters and Essays in 1965. Po und's ad miration for M ussolini.

Considered anti-semitic and fascist correspondence w ith Ford Maddox during the Second World War, writing Ford, a poet and editor of The English and broadcasting against the current R eview, will be published this month U.S. government, Pound was watched (October, 1982). Over the next three and ultimately charged with treason in years, New Directions will publish 1945. For six months he was in solitary volumes of Pound's correspondence confinement a t the American Discip- with Whyndam Lewis, Richard linary Center at Pisa, miserable and Aldington, Zukofsky, his wife Dorothy sick in a wretched steel-and-concrete Pound, T. S. Eliot, M ary Moore cage. After suffering a breakdown, he (Cross), Marianne Moore, and his was provided with better conditions family. and a typewriter; there he composed Negotiations w ith the Garland Press the famous Pisan Cantos, considered the may result in the publishing of a multimost beautiful and the best of all his volume collection of Pound's entire poetry. Beinecke purchased these manuscripts. The Garlan d Press has manuscripts just last year. published the complete manuscripts of Pound was released from prison in James joyce in 63 volumes; the Pound P isa and sent to Washington, D.C. to set would be similar. Publication of stand trial for treason. The trial was such a work is still speculative, but if it put off, as he was judged mentally in- comes about, the volumes could well capable of defending himself, and serve as a guide to reading Pound and P ound was committed to St. modern poetry. They would perhaps Elizabeth's Hospital, a federal govern- fulfill Pound's prophecy in "The R est:" ment insane asylum. Nearly thirteen Take thought: I hav e weath e r e d the storm , years after his imprisonment, the U.S. I have beate n out my exile. government finally dropped charges , in consideration of Pound's seemingly incurable condition. Pound returned to I taly to live with his daughter's fami- Katherine Scobey is a junior in Davenport ly. While at St. Elizabeth's and in Ita- College. ly, he continued to write. Handwritten correspondence from this period shows Pound's script to have degenerated to a barely-intelligible scrawl that splays over the entire page.

H e is, for the most part, incoherent, as Previo usly unpublished material by Ezra Pound copy right 1982 by the in th is letter to e.e. cummings: trustees of the Ezra Pound Literary eec Property Trust ; used by permission of HELL. There is or was civilization or @ least coordination Dnd 25 to 150 years New Directions Publishing CorporaTime lag. as per all U .S . highbrow pubetns. tion, agents.

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save a few lines by e .e .c (& ? x - y - in prob ably z). don t Fox or anyone ever do anything. & in any case why not 4 or 5 definite jobs gesell -BAdns.

T he contents of the Pound archive- so vast- are still being listed in a register which the curator plans to print within a year.

New D irections, Pound's American 14

The New Journal/October 15, 1982

Grateful acknowledgement is also given to New Directions for perm ission to quote fromthe following copyrighted sources: Ezra Pound Selected Letters 1907-1941 "Ezra Pound Speaking"' How To Read Selected Poems of Ezra Pound

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15

An

interview with â&#x20AC;˘ D. Allan Bromley is the Director of the Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory where he and several colleagues examine atomic particles on Yale~ "Emperor, particle accelerator. ! The machine, which is the largest of its type in the world, is located inconspicuously 7> beneath the grassy knoll on Science Hill. ~ Professor Bromley has much experience and recognition outside of Yale. He serves as a director of United Illuminating, which provides electricity for New Haven from a variety of sources including the Connecticut Yankee nuclear power plant. He was a Senior Research Officer at the Chalk River Laboratory in Canada, where he pioneered early research on particle accelerators. In addition to basic nuclear research the Chalk River Laboratory tests designs for nuclear power facilities. In 1960, Bromley came to Yale as an Associate Professor and was tenured within a year~ time.

Since then, Bromley has taken an active

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D.AIIan Bromley Barbara Burrell

public role as one of the nation's best known scientific spokesmen. In January 1982, he was elected Chairman of the Board of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He also serves as Chairman of the White House &ience Council, which advises the President on science policy.

Bromley~ reputation extends around the world. He has received 6 honorary degrees from such Universities as Frankfurt in Germany and Witwatersrand in South Africa.

He also serves on the joint Committee on Cooperation between the U. S. Department of Energy and the U.S.S.R. State Committee on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energ)l.

Back home, Bromley has caused some controversy with his outspoken stands on important issues. He has outraged conservatives by publicly attacking Reagan's science policy, and liberals by forcefully advocating the use of nuclear power.

Professor Bromley has also integrated his role as scientist and science advocate at Yale by teaching undergraduate courses like Science and Public Policy. The course emphasizes the social and political aspects of science and science policy. He is the author of over 300 articles and the editor of 13 books.

The New Journal: You've been an advocate of nuclear energy and have been involved with the Connecticut Yankee Power Plant. How do you view the recent resurgence of opposition to nuclear power?

Allan Bromley: I think it's very unfortunate. The resurgence, if you look at it carefully at the moment, is not against nuclear power; it really is against nuclear war, and no sane person can be otherwise but against nuclear war. The forces that are attempting to deprive the U.S. of the nuclear option in its energy package have been singularly adroit in tying in the public mind nuclear energy to nuclear war. The two are totally, in my view, unconnected. It's much the same way as saying that a forest fire is obviously a dreadful thing, but that doesn't mean that you shouldn't have fires in your fireplaces.

TNJ: So you think the opponents of nuclear power are misled or misinformed in some way?

AB: The vast majority of people who are currently very active in this area, I think, are very well-meaning, wellintended people who unfortunately are acting on incomplete information.

TNJ: Do you think the opponents of nuclear power or the public in general should be able to decide where a nuclear plant should be placed or whether it should operate?

AB: Most of our citizens have, over the years, come to believe that energy is some kind of fundamental right of the citizen, and there's nothing wrong with that except that they also believe that it somehow is produced by the tooth fairy and that the tooth fairy always operates in someone else's backyard.

TNJ: W auld you have a nuclear power plant in your backyard?

AB: It isn't big enough, but I would be delighted to have one because a nuclear power plant, as far as I'm concerned, is one of the most benign neighbors that I can conceive of.

TNJ: More benign, say, than an oil refinery or . . .

AB: Much more so . . .

16

The New Journal/October 15, 1982

I would prefer to live near a nuclear power plant than near a dam.

TNJ: . . . or a coal-burning . . .

AB: Much more so, because the environmental effiuent from such a large reactor is very much less than .for comparable facilities fueled other ways.

TNJ: So when opponents of nuclear power come up and say they're afraid of a melt-down or other potential risks, are they misled or are they overreacting to the situation?

AB: They're overreacting. There have been no meltdowns except under controlled conditions where someone was doing an experiment, trying to find out what would happen in a meltdown.

For example, there as no meltdown at Three Mile Island. Three Mile Island taught us one very important thing: that it's much harder to get a meltdown than people had realized.

TNJ: How dangerous was the situation at Three Mile Island?

AB: There was no danger at any time of anything happening outside the plant, none whatsoever. The maximum exposure that anybody got at any time was about 35 millirem, which is about a third of what any citizen in New Haven gets just minding his own business living in his own home for a year. But Three Mile Island was made into a potentially dangerous situation from the point of view of psychological damage to the citizenry and the danger ?f citizens running one another down m their panic to escape from that part of the world. It's not surprising when responsible people start publishing headlines and say we're about to lose Pennsylvania.

level of training for operators of the U.S. civilian nuclear power system has gone up by a quantum jump after Three Mile Island. It's unfortunate that it took Three Mile Island to do that.

TNJ: I've been through Connecticut Yankee, and it seems like most of what they do is sit around and watch dials.

AB: That's absolutely true. It is weeks and weeks of boredom punctuated by moments of utter terror when something lets go and bearings catch fire and you get a short circuit in some system and things really start going bad. What these people are trained and paid for is coping with the unusual, not the usual.

TNJ: So how safe, in your opinion, is nuclear power?

AB: Nothing, nothing done by humans is absolutely safe. And so the question you really have to ask is, "Is the benefit that you gain commen-

surate or better than the risk to which you are exposed? And in the case of nuclear energy, I feel that the overall risk is substantially less than in any other major energy production programs, with the possible exception of natural gas-which, unfortunately; most of us don't have access to.

TNJ: Do you think it's logical to produce radioactive waste at this time when there seems to be no overall agreement about what should be done with it?

AB: It's not, as most people claim, that we don't know what to do with nuclear waste. It's simply that the quantities are still small enough that we don't have to commit to any given policy, but we want to be sure that before we do, we've picked the absolute best one.

TNJ: The nuclear power industry is currently pushing a bill through the House of Repr<!sentatives that would

D. Allan Bromley, director of Yale'S nuclear accelerator.

TNJ: How do you propose stopping that?

AB: The NRC [Nuclear Regulatory ~ommission] and the utility industries â&#x20AC;˘? this country have already taken actlon, and there is already an emergency force ready to go immediately to any site of major difficulty of this kind, and the NRC is much better organized to provide authoritative information.

The important thing we learned, however, beyond the importance of adequate communications, was that the people who operate power reactors must be trained and paid just as well as, for an example, 747 pilots. The The New Journal/October 15, 1982

17

It's much harder to get a melt down than people realize.

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place a time limit of 1986 on their coming up with a method for d isposing of the waste. Doesn't that contradict what you just said?

AB: Not at all. The problem is that all the reactor people are storing spent fuel directly as it comes out of the reactor. T he facilities, which are nothing more than large swimming pools where you can put the spent reactor fuel underwater and keep it safely for an indefinite period, are being filled up, and by 1986 one has to make some major decision.

TNJ: Will the government or the in dustry be deciding which method will be used?

AB: The government will decide, because this is a matter which really has to be decided by the public.

Now if someone were to ask me or tell me that by tomorrow noon I had to dispose of the nuclear wastes in this country, I think I could probably at least come up with a technique for doing it. North of Las Vegas we have millions of acres of federal reserve that will be under federal guard for the indefinite future, because it's pockmarked with the sites of nuclear explosions in the weapons test program. The central tunnels with their rail lines are all in existence still. It would be very simple to take the waste we have, put it on flat cars, push it into the far end of one of those tunnels, and I would defy you to find that material in the background of radio-activity from all the tests that have gone on and is already there.

TNJ : What are we doing now to dispose of the waste? Is it being responsibly handled?

AB: At the moment we're not disposing of it at all. It's being very responsibly handled. What we're doing simply at the moment is we're not separating the waste at all. It just means that we're using our nuclear fuels incredibly inefficiently. We're using only the amount of energy that we can get out of them in the first pass through the reactor.

Mr Carter somehow felt that if we d idn't do the reprocessing- and reprocessing is the only time in ·which plutonium becomes free from other materials in the whole process- that

The New Journal/October 15, 1982

Bromlf!! we would contribute to minimizing the possible spread of plutonium. Unfortunately, its no longer true that the U.S. can stop this, and so this was a classic case of locking the stable after the horses have long gone.

TNJ: Which method do you support for getting rid of the waste?

AB: I am more and more in favor of long-term, temporary storage of the spent fuel without reprocessing it. I'm hopeful that we're probably never going to use this uranium in any more effective way, and I think over the years we're going to find a great many uses for what's now called waste material in clinical medicine, in technology, and a lot of other areas where the use of radio isotopes is growing very rapidly.

TNJ: Let's discuss nuclear weapons.

Does it bother you that countries without the capacity to make atomic bombs can come in and acquire technology from countries th at do have it?

AB: Any country now beyond some reasonable threshold level of technical and scientific sophistication can easily put together a facility v hich will separate enough uranium to make a few weapons. We can no 'onger say that we will prevent th ipread of

weapons to the world. The point is that there is a march of technology in science and you can't just stop it by fiat.

T NJ: Does that worry you that . . .

AB: That a lot of small countries have these devices? Yes, of course it does.

And what worries me more is that there are weapons in hands of administrations and ruling groups that are certainly not very stable, and I don't think terribly responsible.

T NJ: How do you react when you read articles in the paper about things like the anti-nuclear rally in New York, where half a million people marched into Central park protesting the proliferation of nuclear arms?

AB: I am turned ofT by these large productions. When I talk to people coming back from these large productions now, a lot of them have no idea of why they went except that they felt that they missed the ones in the '60s and this is a golden opportunity to find out what kind of a social experience it was.

I don't think it has the slightest impact whatever on any policy.

A few reasoned letters to Congressen and Senators are vastly more effective than a group of people thrashing around Central Park or in Washington, because any group that has Jane Fonda as the centerpiece is not going to get very much of a hearing in responsible circles.

A DOLL HOUSE

by Henrik Ibsen directed by Lloyd Richards October 5- October 23

Yale

Ref.!ertory Theatre

436-1600

TNJ : You travelled to the U .S.S.R. and you served on the President's scientific advisory committee. How do you think our policy should be carried out towards the Soviets?

AB : I'm afraid that I don't feel that the Soviets have changed their goals substantially since 1917. And that's something that we have to keep in mind.

TNJ : Those goals being? ~ : Those goals being world domination.

TNJ: So you think that in any agreement we enter into, we cannot trust what they say? ~ : Of course not! If we can verify it, af we can independently check it out

A cross the Street from Air Rights Parking Facility.

The New Journal/October 15, 1982

19

Any group that has Jane Fonda as a center piece Is not going to get much of a hearing In responsible circles.

Bromlev in the nuclear accelerator control room then by all m eans we should make every attempt we can of this sort. But you don't have to go very far back to recognize that the Soviets interpret some of these agreements very differently than we would.

with Yale. Could you explain just what an accelerator does?

AB: An accelerator is, for all practical purposes, nothing more than a giant microscope which allows us to look deep inside nuclei. The smaller the thing that you are looking at, the bigTNJ: Do you think anything like ger the microscope you need to achieve SALT II or any other treaties are ad- that look. visable?

AB: We should certainly work toward TNJ: So the research that you do is them. basic?

AB : All the research that we do is fully TNJ: Have we been naive so far in our basic research. dealings with them?

AB : Some of us certainly have. Some TNJ: Have you seen practical applicahaven't. tion for the sorts of discoveries that you've made here?

TNJ : Some being?

AB: Very much so. We have, for exAB: I certainly am not going to answer ample, seen substantial amounts of our that. work appearing in nuclear medicine.

TNJ: I'd like to ask you more personal W e've seen a lot of our very recent questions about your own involvement work appearing in geophysics, in the 20

The New Journal/October 15, 1982

understanding of deposition of mineral bodies and so on.

We have discovered why it is that computers, apparently for no reason at all, every so often just make mistakes- what are called "soft failures." That's because a charged particle coming in from outer space plows through the computer memory and resets it. We now know how that happens and we know how to correct it and we know how to avoid making it worse.

TNJ: And in nuclear medicine, what advances have we seen there?

AB: One of the most important things that nuclear medical folks have to do is to find the right radioisotope to give patients either for diagnostic purposes or for clinical treatment purposes.

One of the projects we worked on recently is, I think, going to be very

important in term s of telling us how we have to build th e inner wall - that's the really important engineering problem - how to build the inner wall of a fusion reactor so that we can liberate the energies of the sun here on the earth.

TNJ: H ow far do you think we are from fusion?

AB: I think we'll show that we can do it in the laboratory within a year or so, but it would take probably 30 years at the min imum before we can do enough of the engineering to make it an effective power source. So we have something like 30 years and that's the interim period whe re, I think, we have to use everything we've got-coal , oil, gas, nuclear- but I don't see us using nuclear fission after we get fusion.

TNJ: And this laboratory here will be working on developing ways so th at fu sion will .. .

AB: Nothing as specific as that. Fo r example, one of our students has been looking at the w hole question of putting together the fundamental forces of nature. Are a ll the forces of electromagnetism, the forces that give you radioactivity, that give you nuclear energy, really just one and the same force! This was Einstein's dream , and he failed to get it. But we're hot on his tra il now an d one of the things that one of our students here has j ust been looking at really nails down a key piece of this. It pushes us in the direction of saying, yes they are one and the same.

Another of our students has just fi nished a project in which we set out to see if we could find any trace of the gi:'ln t supernova stellar explosion that trtgge red the formulation of the solar system four-and-a-half billion years ago. We fou nd a trace of this. I t turns out you can fi nd it in meteorites that have been cruising around in outer space until very recen tly, and then plow into the earth. You get them, take them a part and look at the various nuclei . You can get a measure of how far back this supe rnova was. And so we cover the complete spectrum- anything that we consider good science is fair game.

TNJ : H ow can we go about educating the public o n c rucial matters such as

our shortage of non-renewable energy sources and uses of nuclear energy; a nd what is the role of the scientific community in this regard?

AB: We've got to spend a hell of a lot more of our time than we have in the past talking to the public, telling people what we're up to in science . One, because it after all is an accounting we owe to the public, because the public pays for all of this. Secondly, we have to do this to develop a new constituency for science in this country . At the moment, we're just beginning to face up to the fact that science and technology are just other claimants fo r the public tax dollar. And we don't have a large constituency as compared to the hot lunch constituency, even though I think we have a tremendous contribution to make to national wellbeing.

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T NJ: H ow do we, who are at the mercy of people with vastly more knowledge . ..

AB : You're never at the mercy, don't put it that way.

TNJ: Do we make informed decisions?

AB : If a democracy is going to work, it means that we've got to have an educational system so that a person can at least be able to understand the issues, never mind the details. It's up to the members of the public to ask the questions and demand answers from the people who are supposed to know what the details are.

That's part of the trouble in this whole question of radioactive waste, for example. The Atomic Energy Commission made terrible m istakes in the early days of the program because they just simply said, "Don't bother us, we know what we're doing, we'll take care of it." It's the public's fault for accepting that kind of nonsense. The public should have said , "Wait a minute, you say you know what you're doing, but we don't know."

The public, as the electorate in a democracy , has to listen to the answers they get from people from all differe~t opinions and then m ake up _the1r m inds. T hat's what democracy IS all about. l arbara Burrell, a senior m Saybrook, is business TTUJnagtr of TN] ¡

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The New J ournal/October 15, 1982

21

Messing with the system_ . §

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22

The New JoumaVOctober 15, 1982

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They are not ordinary criminals. These people are cyberphrenetic. They prefer computer company to human, and they can do awesome things with the machine. But · every once in a while one of them gets a little cocky, breaks the computer's security system and plays with things he shouldn't.

On September 13 one of them broke into the computer, wreaked havoc with the system and almost cost the computer science majors their machine.

Jeff H offman, '83, and Ben Cutler, '84, sat at a terminal working with the New York Times Agency account.

Hoffmann logged off and 20 minutes later tried to log on again, but the computer did not recognize his password.

It didn't make sense. He looked at a file

that contains the number of passwords on the systems and saw it change while he watched. Suspicious, Cutler ran a program called "Finger," which lists who is on the computer, when, and where. At the same time, Hoffman ran a simpler program, "Who," which shows exactly whose accounts are working in the system and what they are doing. The program listed a friend's name, STONE, and Hoffman wondered out loud what he was doing on the machine.

"I'm not doing anything. I'm not even logged on," said Larry Stone, '83 as he walked up to the terminal. Someone, somewhere, had broken into Stone's account.

"It was like a TV movie," Hoffman

â&#x20AC;˘ "It's silly grade-school mentality-pulling us off the COMIX for this one security breach."

said. "We ran to Dunham lab to see if anybody was messing with the system there. We didn't see anyone. But we convinced the grad student on duty that there was something wrong. He intentionally crashed the computer."

The computer was down and they "kiJled" the New York Times Agency account for three days. Meanwhile the agency lost more than $400, said Hoffm an. But he was not the only one upset by the prank. The next day, John O'Donnell, head of the Computer Science Facilities, threatened to strip computer science majors of all privileges. Furious, O'Donnell sent th is missile: "Someone has broken into YaleCOMIX, using the network and accounts broken into on other machines.

"If this or similar incidents recur, all student accounts will be moved to a VMS machine at the Yale Computer Cen ter.

"Unless the violator or others come forward with explicit details on the access technique used in the breakins BY THE FND OF THIS WEEK, all student 'lccounts will lose all network pr ivileges, and all DEC-20 course accounts will be restricted to CS coursework ONLY." Rajpal Sandhu, '83, fired back to O'Donnell on the computer bulletin board, "It is terribly annoying to find that every time there is a major breakin (ha ha?), the totality of majors get screwed- immediate incrimination. Security breaches are to be expected when we have protection systems . . . n

The joy of VAX It was like telling English majors that because somebody ripped out all the pages from John Milton's Paradise Lost, they would have access to a library of only Nancy Drew mystery stories. The undergraduate majors were stunned but not shocked at O'Don nell's threat. "We call him JOD, because it rhymes with GOD," quipped Hoffman, "He never has time for undergrads." Another student, Charles Francois, '84, said O'Donnel threatens ~e use of his tyrannical power because lt gets results. "It's silly grade-school mentality- pulling us off the COMIX for this one security breach."

But, even with the threat, O'Donnell admits chance are slim the vandal can be caught. He left no trace because he had access to O'Donnell's superuser account. "The only way they could catch him now is by accusing him and having him confess," said Hoffman.

Stanley Eisenstat, director of graduate studies, said, "We haven't ruled out the possibility of catching him . But I don't think I want to talk about that."

Associate Professor John Zornig of Electrical Engineering has strong suspicions, "The villain of the year Is now a music graduate student." He probably means Mark Tanner, '82, who worked for the Artificial Intelligence project two years ago. He knew enough about the system to tamper with it, and although he has no student account, people say he has been seen around the facility.

Tanner said, "I've only been downstairs (terminal room) once this year. They haven't said 'Boo' to me about this incident, and if they do I'm going to take them to court for harassment."

Last year Tanner used other people's passwords to look at private

files . "It's wrong, I know. It's stupid. It was 3 a.m. and I wasn't thinking. It's over and done. I'm not willing to take the rap for all security breaches. They wanted my diploma for it last year.

They didn't get it, I graduated, and now they're pissed."

He added, "If I were to have an M. 0., it wouldn't be one of destructiveness, it's one of looking around. I have my own suspicions about who did it." But Tanner said the department wasn't interested in listening to anybody. "The policy is guilty until you prove yourself innocent. n Since 1972, when the computer science department first offered classes to undergraduates, people have broken security. "At least a couple a year," said Professor Alan Perlis, director of undergraduate studies. Two years ago, a student programmed the computer so that when a student in an introductory course loggc;d on, the computer immediately logged him off. It had students confused for days. The programmer was expelled. Last year two students experimented with a program that deleted "nodes" or directory files. For a while, the computer just deleted empty accounts, but it ran out of empty spaces

\ \ \ \ \1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ~

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The New Journal/October 15, 1982

23

"We call him JOD because It rhymes with GOD."

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and started erasing full ones. The students were reprimanded but not ex¡ pelled.

As a result, Yale's computers are not open to just anyone. The administration has drawn a heavy line between access for faculty members, graduate students and the rest of the University.

Most of the University, all introductory classes and some community businesses use the Yale Computer Center (YCC), where there is a large IBM computer and five brand-new VAX machines which run a system for general course use.

The computer science department, however, reserves its superior equipment for research. A recent National Science Foundation grant for $2.6 million allowed the department to purchase 15 new computers. Undergrads can use five of them, and computer science majors have privileged use of one VAX machine in the department.

But it is a privilege continually threatened.

The truth is that this machine, affectionally called COMIX, is easily broken into. It runs UNIX, a research system designed by Bell Laboratories in 1970. Versatile, flexible and fast, UNIX is the Porsche of student systems- closest to intuitive reasoning and best for creative work. For that reason, it is also the hardest to secure.

In fact, another computer jock, Mike Naunton, '83, later approached the facilities director with at least six ways some one could break in.

Child's play One break-in method is simple, often used to plagiarize assignments. A student writes a program that mimics the terminal's "ready" mode. Some sucker sits down and unknowingly enters his password. Then the whole thing disappears; the program records the password. So the victim re-enters his code and, at this time really logs on.

It's the oldest trick in the book, one an experienced computer hack would recognize immediately. It is unlikely that the vandal used this technique to break in. But the principle was undoubtedly the same.

Even the department acknowledges â&#x20AC;˘ 24

The New Journal/October 15, 1982

that avid hacks could circumnavigate any security measures on the COMIX. Only Zornig questioned their prowess, "Are you so smug to think . there are that many leaks and you are that smart?" Naunton only shrugged, "Yes, sure. It's not a security system."

So the department has struck an agreement with the majors-anyone who suspects a leak will notify O'Donnell.

Even the manual for upper level students describes ways to crash the UNIX system, overload disc space, and cause messes. But the first thing professors tell students in the course is, "Don't fuck with the system." And usually they don't .

Everyone agrees there's nothing malicious about most break-ins. So why the ominous threats? "If we have students acting in an anti-social way, we must be brutal and cannot tolerate it," Perlis said. "It's exactly equal to vandalism, like walking into the gymnasium and ripping off ten lockers.

And no one is kicking them off the VAX. We take these draconian measures because we have to say something strong."

O'Donnell promised harsh action against the prankster- expulsion from the major and possible expulsion from the college.

Perlis said, "These kids come out of high schools where they were kingpins.

But they are immature. They've gotten used to being big shots on computers, they get here and they're walled in.

Their egos can't take it. They've got to show how good they are, so they do something stupid like this."

The problem is that no one can prove an undergraduate broke in. The computer science majors seem to feel this security break was just an excuse to restrict them further. "The department sees us as a real nuisance, little brats. They have all this equipment, but they give us only one terminal.

Then they even take that away," confided Hoffman.

The issue sparked a Deparmental Student Advisory Committee (DSAC) on Wednesday, September 22. They invited O'Donnell, Eizenstadt, and Zornig. About 33 students aired their concerns.

Relations between faculty and

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students a re usually tense, but the atmosphere was light with jokes and jabs.

"It's an attitude problem," said O'Donnell, "Loopholes in the security system are not a problem in a community of honorable people. The undergraduate took no responsibility for this break-in. I don't want to clean up after what happened this fall."

DSAC suggested that students administer the COMIX, move it to YCC , where they can "appeal to their own kind," joked Sandhu. O'Donnell would cease to be a target for revenge this way, said Sandhu.

O'Donnell said, "I certainly never wanted this hostile climate. Maybe we can spend time breaking and patching the system, add security. But first"he was adamant, "there must be change in attitude." Zornig chimed in , "You've got to explain it's not cute. Say, 'Hey Bimbo, what did you do that for?"

H offman agrees some attitude must change. But whose? Hoffman said, "All they care about is how they look.

The machines are a symbol of the department, and if security is broken, ~ey don't look as good. Yale's attitude IS backwards."

•Lindsay R oths, a junior Clli'Ttntly

954

Chapel~~~

New Haven. CT. (203) 624-9006

i11 Daumport, writesfor the Washington Post.

The New Journal/October 15, 1982

25 •

Profile The grande dame of Hillhouse

Rachel Trowbridge in her youth

Bruce Owen

26

The New Journal/October 15, 1982

From the one open window, a ruddy genteel days of New Haven harbor's light would sometimes spill down into West Indies trade with the tense the night. The brown temple house moments when the National Guard would lie dark, hidden behind drawn rolled in before May Day and a bomb blinds and a little iron fence, but went off in Ingalls Rink.

She died six weeks ago at age 83 . through that single upper window you could see into a warm room with a fine Trowbridge was close to six feet tall, a old wood framed mirroron the far wall. big-boned, absolutely erect woman with Located right across the street from the a round, pleasant face. Even in her President's house, it is the only later years, she still drove her middlebuilding on Hillhouse Avenue without aged Oldsmobile from meeting to a Yale sign, without people bustling in meeting of her many charitable causes.

Surrounded by Yale, she never had and out. any official connection with it. Yet she Number 46 Hillhouse was the last was anything but a recluse. To the private residence on Hillhouse unofficial club of Yale administrators Avenue, the home of a woman known living on Hillhouse Avenue she was acto everyone of consequence in New cording to former Secretary of the Haven, the last of her family line. University, Henry Chauncey, Jr. "a Rachel Trowbridge, grande dame, Ed- part of the family"; to the New Haven wardian, philanthropist, lived in that community, she was akin to a patron house for 76 years. Her life linked the saint.

Est Est Est Though she leaves a handful of cousins, she was the last of the old New Haven Trowbridge family line. In 1643, when New Haven was a plantation town of 800 inhabitants, Thomas Trowbridge was already one of the city's dozen wealthiest c itizens .

Throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Trowbridge family prospered in the West Indies trade, growing in wealth and numbers until Trowbridge mansions studded New H aven and several T rowbridge sea captains could arrive and depart from New Haven harbor in a single week.

During the Revolution , captain Caleb Trowbridge, commanding the privateer Firebrand, captured a valuable British schooner and its cargo. Ezekiel Trowbridge's mansion on Temple Street's "Quality Row" became a haven for escaping slaves during the Civil War, and Thomas R . Trowbridge managed to forestall the draft in New Haven for a year after 1862 by offering bounties to encourage volunteers.

Rachel Trowbridge's father, Rutherford Trowbridge, was in the West Indies trade until1891. Philanthropy was a family tradition ; Hayes Q. Trowbridge, a Yale student when Rachel Trowbridge was born in 1899, once gave the New Haven Foundation a single gift of more than five million dollars.

According to Betsy Cheney, an old friend, Trowbridge's mother had such an aristocratic presence that when she walked into a room, conversation would stop. It was natural that Trowbridge would be raised as a formal, even austere Edwardian lady, although the R everend Andy Fidler of the Trinity C hurch on the Green ascribes that image more to her shyness and uneasiness with small talk than to any unusual reserve.

Trained first at a private school in New Haven , in 1913 Trowbridge went to Westover School in Middlebury- then a new top-notch boarding school for girls, now a prestigious old one. Classmate Margie Clement described her as "quite a force in the class" and as a person who lived up to the school motto she translates as "to think, to do, to be." . Trowbridge dressed plainly, wore httle jewelry, never used m akeup, and

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The New Journal/October 15, 1982

27

路.

1

Brewster she said with a smile, "The the people'- they must mean us!" When a bomb exploded in the hockey rink, rocking the whole neighborhood, Trowbridge told Chauncey, "Why should I worry? It's just. a little thunder."

Chauncey suggested 路 that Trowbridge move out of town for a while at Yale's expense, but she refused. She finally consented to let one campus policeman sit in the house while the National Guard assembled around the campus. "She knew what was going on," Chauncey said. "She understood why the students were upset .. . if she had been 19 or 20, she probably would have been right out there with 'em ."

What made Trowbridge so well known in New Haven was her philanthropy. She gave both time and money to many organizations, from the New Haven Symphony to the United Way , ,Put her first love was the New Haven 路 Children's Center, a residential facility for disturbed children that was founded with her grandfather's help in 1833. Her father served on the Center's board of directors, and Trowbridge took up the tradition in 1923. Her main job was to raise money for the Center. She saw the Center change over the years, replacing around-the-clock volunteers with eight-hour day professional social workers, exchanging rows of white iron beds and matching uniforms for more individualized care. Her administrative role limited her contact with the children, but some Center alumni remember a party at 46 Hillhouse where she arranged for pony rides around the formal garden .

Trowbridge was highly religious, and belonged to every group and committee of the Trinity Church on the Green except the men's club. She supported and worked with the New Haven Preservation Trust, the Clifford Beers Clinic and even the Yale-inChina program. "One of a vanishing breed," said Reverdy Whitlock of the New Haven Preservation Trust, "Rachel felt that privileges carried with them responsibilities. She was genuinely concerned with bettering the human condition, and she saw New Haven, in particular, as a vineyard she had to till."

~ streets belong to

1

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drove a Chevrolet or an Olds rather than a Mer~edes or a Cafi~Ther~ was somethmg about the angle oT her ' head and the way she walked that was rather regal," her friend Ann Conklin explained. "She could wear what she chose; it was her bearing that made it look well."

"A_ real Yankee in a good sense," accordmg to the Reverend Fidler, Trowbridge liked to do things for herself. When she wanted to meet a new person in town, she did not reach for a telephone. She walked up to the front door and rang the bell.

Less than a year after Trowbridge carne home from Westover School in 1917, her father died. "She was pretty much confined to her home for a long while," said Clement. Cheney added that though Trowbridge was the right age at that tme, "she never 'came out,' was never presented to society . . . and her parents were very austere about men." One way or another, she never married.

Trowbridge and her half-sister Elsie, lived with her mother until Mrs: Trowbridge died in 1945. Trowbridge was 46 then, and her half-sister was 68.

Though she was always independent, Trowbridge felt responsible for her half-sister, who was deaf and not very mobile, and she tried to involve her in as many -"路tivities as possible, cousin Franklin .. arrel said. Whc:n Elsie Trowbridge died in 1967, Rachel 28

Trowbridge was alone in 46 Hillhouse for the firs~ time in her 68 years.

- Elsie Trowbridge was reclusive and set in her ways, but Rachel Trowbridge was very modern in her outlook and was always interested in what young people were thinking. According to Lawson Willard, former rector of Trinity Church on the Green, she helped persuade the Episcopal Church to approve Planned Parenthood fifty years ago, and had been a supporter ever since . Though Trowbridge was used to dining on silver in her upstairs-downstairs house, she was just as happy having a noisy dinner in the kitchen with the hubbub of children all around her, said cousin Lisa Totman. "Rachel lived so much in the present," Chauncey said, "she was never an 'old' person ."

The demonstrations and student unrest in the 'sixties, much of it in front of then-President Kingman Brewster's house and just outside Trowbridge's windows, did not bother her a bit, said Chauncy. On the contrary, he continued, "she loved every minute of it. It fascinated her." Mary Louise Brewster remembered the weekend before May Day in 1970, when students painted "THE STREETS BELONG TO THE PEOPLE" in huge letters up Hillhouse Avenue. Trowbridge owned her one lot on upper Hillhouse, and Yale owned the rest, so when she stepped out in the morning and met President

The New JournaVOctober 15, 1982

She watched Yale with not a jaundiced, but a wry eye.

Forty-six Hillhouse Avenue-Rachel Trowbridge's home for 76 years.

Chauncey solicited funds from Trowbridge only once, on behalf of the Yale-New Haven Hospital. When he spoke to her, she had already read all the materials he sent and knew exactly what to say. She had given once before and had been promised that a room would be named after her. Later, when she called the hospital, there was no such room. She did not like that. "But," she said, "I won't hold that against you," and she proceeded to give twice the amount Chauncey had planned to request. Trowbridge's generosity was ~ unsual, said Willard, that the IRS anvestigated her repeatedly during the last 15 years. They always found her honest.

Trowbridge never took life too leriously. "She had a wonderful sense of the ridiculous," said Mrs. William Reynolds, a long-time friend. Once: when President GriswaJd suggested that the half-sisters donate their backyard to Yale as the site for the pro-

posed Kline Science building, she and Elsie called up to say th~y had decided instead to bequeath the entire property to a local divinity school. "You know," she chuckled to Chauncey, "it really made him mad!" Trowbridge used to sit in her window every year and watch the big Hallowe'en party in front of the President's house. Mary Louise Brewster summed up Trowbridge's attitude as "amused with life. She watched Yale with, not a jaundiced, but a wry eye."

The house Trowbridge lived in since 1906 was built in 1632 in the thenpopular Greek Revival style. It is brick with a grooved stucco facing, originally painted white to suggest stone. The house was a popular success, it served as a model for at least nine other temple houses in Connecticut.

Remodeled extensively and painted reddish-brown in 1656, it was bought

by Trowbridge's father around 1906.

As it stands today, the New Haven

Preservation Trust calls it "New Haven's finest Greek Revival house."

Inside, half a dozen enormous, highceilinged rooms on the first floor are furnished with exquisite Victorian furniture, each room arranged to feel spacious but not spare, each piece placed perfectly to suggest dignity, opulence, and comfort, without a wasted detail or a hint of clutter. In one room a marble nude rests on a tall onyx pillar. An ornate fireplace and a grand piano dominate another room, and a third contains a petite walnut and beveled glass case displaying oval miniatures of the Trowbridge family carefully spaced across a tufted satin pillow. Worn Persian rugs cover pa~­ q_uet floors , elaborate cornice mouldings and velvet valences float above the high window tops, and on the light-patterned papered walls, old oils hang in huge gilt frames. The Tiffany lamps lighting almost every room were bought when they were the latest

The Ne; Journal/October 15, 1962

29

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style; the furniture was all in the family before Trowbridge was born. "None of this is m ine," she used to say.

A warm panelled room in the back surrounds a regal slate billiard tableresting on massive feet, and a triad of glowing Tiffany-style windows illumine the adjoining alcove. Beyond them, an elaborate formal garden is carefully tended in the spacious yard facing Prospect Street. Upstairs, the ample bedrooms sport high four-poster and shining brass beds. In the latches of the doors are big old-style warded keys. "Rachel led a conventional life," the Reverend Fidler said, "given that she lived in a palace."

The house she bequeathed to Yale, but the studiously arranged furnishings within will probably be scattered among Yale, the New Haven Historical Society, and Trowbridge's relatives said Farrel. He added that "it looks like the will will take a long time to settle." Right now, not even Trowbridge's lawyer will g\.less at the size of her estate.

University Secretary John Wilkinson acknowledged that "Yale University has known we would get [the house] for some time, but they did not expect it so quickly . . . it came as quite a suprise." No decision has been made about the future of 46 Hillhouse, but Wilkinson said the University will not alter the exterior. Since the rest of the block is devoted to social sciences, he predicted that by late fall some social science department or institute will move in as the two Irish maids move out. The house is an extraordinary acquisition for Yale, but those who knew her feel that the loss of Rachel Trowbridge to the New Haven community is greater still. Standing on the back steps of 46 Hillhouse, the maid could only say, "God must ha' been angry with us. Our hearts are broke."

• Bruce Owen, a senior in Ezra Stiles, lws written for the Yale Scientific Magazine.

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T he New Journal/October 15, 19

Architecture The ills of A&A

Paul Rudolph's Att and Arch£tecture huzlding has betn the center controversy since it was built 20 p·ars Of!O.

Tina Kelley

"Everything that everyone say~ about the building is right. It's illogical, sordid, cantankerous and irritating, but in a way it's touching, moving and sad.

It must have some power or people wouldn't have focused their attention on it so. It's awful and av•esome," said art history professor Vincent Scully, speaking about what he once called "the tragic drama" of the Art and Architecture building.

Throughout its 20-year history the building, located on the corner of York and Chapel streetc;, has been the center of controversy. It has been called everything from "a funhouse for v1sitors, but not a place for senous artists to work," to "a threatenin_R, nonfunctional nightmare." It ha" been criticized for its inadequate studio space, heating and ventilation problems and wretched lighting conditions.

A fire destroyed parts of it, forcing drastic changes, and at one time trouble with asbestos ceilings forced the building to close down altogether.

The structure, which is supposed to

of

house the mnjority of facilities for both the art and m"Chitecture schools, has not provided sufficient space for them, <"ausi ng further complaints. "Basically, it doesn't • t-rve our needs," said Robert Rc~d. direnor of undergraduate studie-; for the art -;chool. '"The spaces we're \\Orking with are really inadequate, both in quality and square footage." One consequence is that the ar 1 departmt·nt has to restrict enrollment in classes. "There is a direct relation between the amount of space a" ailable and "hat we can accomodate in terms of students," said Reed In its early history the building's purpose was supposedly "to restore the various di caplincs [it hou-;es] to a measure of unity " But cJa<;-;es for the art school no\\ arc held in 215 Park Street, 53 \Vall Street, and Hammond Hall on Manslield Street, while studio spa<e is sp~ad out all over campus. "ldt>ally. all of the art "chool's activity should be housed in this building, in accord wnh its original plan, which \\a:• a noble idea," said Reed.

The ~t'"W Tournai/October 15, 1982

31

Fill All

"The building has been treated as a scapegoat for the evils of the generation that built lt."

OFUS United way

Plastic covers the bookshelves in the A rt and A rchitecture Library to protect books from moisture and leaks caused by engineering problems.

Troubled beginnings

Corne r Pa rk 6c Elm. Pa rki ng v a lida t e d a t t h e B 'way lot.

32

The New JournaVOctober 15, 1982

Architect Paul Rudolph first encountered problems in designing the building around 1960 as dean of the architecture school. He originally planned for an atrium soaring vertically from the building's base, with the structure arranged in a pinwheel design around it. Fire regulations, however, specified that the atrium could extend only from the fourth through sixth floors.

"I was amazed at his energy and constant working and reworking of the plans," said Scully of R udolph, who produced five revisions to gain the approval of the Yale Corporation. "The building had such a quality of release in its original phase, but the fire laws said no to it. Perhaps he should have reconsidered his whole conception. The liberating feature [of the atrium] was never there. They let it lift from the fourth floor up, but it was too late."

Looking down Chapel Street from the Green, o ne can appreciate the comm an d ing position of the A.&A ., as it is commonly called . The parallel lines of Louis Kahn's Yale Art Gallery lead the eye toward Rudolph's building like an exercise in perspective drawing.

"It's beautifully contextual ," said Scully. "When you leave the University, it makes a wonderful culmination to Chapel S t reet."

Rudolph wtote about h is creation's relation ship to the rest of the Univer"~ sity, "Yale buildin gs are unified in the sense that they are all masonry; dependent on their light and shadow for their architectural effect; are rather lar ge bu ildings but are actually broken down in terms of scale so th at they often read as clusters of buildings rather than a single building; they are relatively complex in plan; there is an emph asis on the vertical; they have elaborate silhouettes; vary in style reflecting changing tastes and attitudes. I n this sense the design of the A.&A. building is in the true tradition of Yale which is reflected in its buildings- change rather than slavish i~itation of the past."

H is build ing was praised for its ability to "substitute variety an d imagination for con formity and dullness" and fo r its "mascu lin ity and its potential for making a violent im pact on its students."

That it d id . On the day of the A.&A.'s dedication in November 1963 (the same year Eero Saarinen's con-

troversial Morse and Stiles colleges were opened), some of the artists and sculptors who were to use it threatened to picket ceremonies, claiming that their work spaces were totally unacceptable and non-functional.

Alexander Garvin, Study of the City professor and graduate of the architecture school, worked as a studen t in the A .&A. just after it was built. He mentioned some of the drawbacks in the building's design, including a south side made primarily of glass, which allows for direct sunlight late in the afternoon. "In the library or the drafting room, you just can't do any work d uring these hours, and you have to m ove," Gar vin said. He noted that K ahn's a r t gallery across York Street was designed with a totally blank south wall, as such a strong exposure would be d a m aging to the artwork inside.

Garvin also agreed with the students' complaints of poor artificial light in the d rafting rooms on the fourth and fifth floors. "There are low ceilings and projector lamps which produce an incredible glare and even heat at times, making it a very unpleasant place to work.

"None of the places where anything was going on was very hospitable," said Garvin. "Large expanses of glass in front and the skylights made cold days very uncomfortable in the drafting room. In Hastings Hall, the auditorium, the sou nd is not very good and it's not very friendly." He also noted how easily one can get lost in the A .&A. He compared the structure to a Coney Island funhouse, with its constant su rprises like its 36 levels, sculptures protruding from walls and niches at various intervals, and abalone shells and classic friezes imbedded in the wall.

Sculptors, too, complained about the building's design. They were relegated to the cellar, which was poorly lit, often by bare lightbulbs. The basement's low ceilings provided no room for large works, and the building's lack of a freight elevator d iscouraged the creation of large pieces, either sculpted or painted.

T hen fire struck on June 14, 1969.

The three-alarm blaze- which caused approximately $700,000 in damages to a build ing that only cost $4,082,000 to b uild- started in the architecture

studio space and spread quickly when numerous wind ows exploded. It gutte d the fourth floor, the m ezzanine above that, and the sixth floor, requiring extensive renovations and drastic remodelling of the entire b uild ing.

Police and fire officials denied any suspicions of arson, but several other s were not convinced.

"The building has been treated as a scapegoat for the evils of the generation that built it," said Scully. "There was a revolutionary reaction in the 1960s. The build ing was seen as aggressive, brutal and domineering, a n image of all th at was bad a bout m ilitaristic society. So.mebody decidedly tried to b u rn it."

The two qecades th at the A.&A. has survived h ave b rought m any changes to its original plan . Partition s have been added in the gallery windows have been made m uch smaller and screened from the outside to con trol sun , and skylights have been blackened out for easier main tenance.

The fourth and fi fth floors, originally designed as space for architects, are now used for ind ividual painting studios. Architects have been moved to the basement; they also use the Fence C lub, an old fraternity house next to the d rama school. _.,./

Foreboding fibers Asbestos fibers caused further misfortune in 1974. Seventy-thousand square feet of the hazardous material had to be removed from ceilings throughout the building, resulting in its temporary closing a nd the removal of 53,000 volumes from the library for cleaning.

Asbestos in the air caused two cases of chronic conjunctivitis (pinkeye), and could cause cancer 20 to 30 years after even a very limited exposure. ¡ The library continues to be one of the building's major troubles. "It's totally non-functional," said Beverly Lett, who has managed the circulation desk for two years. "I t's bad for the books and for the people who have to work here." She listed the main gripes: "There are leaks, floods, no heat, no air conditioning, the drains o n the patio don't work, and giant industrial fans pull in exhaust from the str eet when we need ventilation." She pointed out the plastic covers over the

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The New Journal/October 15, 1982

"If you have to work here, you'll hate the building."

book shelves which drain into garbage cans on the floor. A window from the viewing gallery down to the library has been blocked off to allow for more exhibition space, but noise from any gathering in the gallery reaches the library. "If you have to work here, you'll hate the building," said Lett.

Secretary Maureen Florio noted that it intensified her moods. "If I'm in a good state of mind when I come in, I get' happier. If I'm not, the building makes me feel worse," she said. A graduate student called the space she paints in "workable" but said engineering problems inside the building make work there inconvenient. "The light is good now, although it's strange that the lights are on constantly. I think that's poorly thought out," she said.

Scully remembers that soon after the building's opening, critics complained that it didn't provide useful, functional, amply lit space to work in. "It surely doesn't do that," he said.

Rudolph himself said, "Let's face it; modern architecture is about as functional as a Gothic cathedral."

If the A.&A. has its practical drawbacks, what can be said about the building's aesthetic value? "You have to look at the period when it was built, read all the appreciations written about it, and see what the public was looking for at the time, which was monumentality and heroics," said Alexander Purves, director of undergraduate studies for the architecture school.

"Twenty years later we find that a little hollow, as we're more concerned with the people who use our buildings now, but you have to make distinctions as to time frame, and consider who's criticizing from what point of view." In its early days the building received praise for its "spatial eloquence" and for being "a contrasting element in the anonymous townscape."

"Some find it hostile; some, like me, find it sculpturally very exciting," said Purves "although the interior finishes of the walls done in concrete are very uncomfortable. I've skinned my hands on it more than once." Scully hates the material. a fluted concrete produced by hammering before it had dried.

Rudolph himself was pleased with the paradox of the technique, saying, "It is

relatively carefully built, but the handling of the surface renders it purposefully mud." Scully called the surface "revolting," and said it cost roughly ten times as much as · smooth concrete such as that of Kahn's building, which he finds beautiful.

A continuing challenge Scully senses a change in attitude toward the A.&A., saying, "I think the building has reached a nadir and will start to come back in appreciation.

People will begin to appreciate the earnestness of its architectural attempt.

In a later age they will not make so much fuss about its function. I suspect they'll find it a noble monument." Garvin, who called the building "lousy," tempered this by saying, "At least it tries to be a piece of architecture, something many recent structures do not do."

Functionally, it appears that the building will not change significantly with the times. Jerald Stevens, vice president for finance and administration, admitted that lack of work space helps prevent the art school from bringing in additional students but Yale can't afford to let the school expand, Stevens said. Regarding the building itself, "The University has spent God-awful amounts of money to keep (it) alive and well, but it's inconceivable that anyone working there would deny that it has problems, because it does." He also voiced concern about safety at the A.&A., the scene of several crimes, but noted that its neighborhood seems to be improving.

At the time of the A.&A.'s dedication, Rudolph voiced his belief that the prime responsibility of the teacher is to present his students with a provocative approach in order to arouse individual thinking. In its 20-year history, the Art and Architecture building has certainly provoked much change, praise and criticism. In the words of Scully, "It's a constant irritation and a challenge."

•

Tina Kelley, a sophomore in Morse, has written for Seventeen and The Lyric.

Theater The dramats unite

The cast of Fiorello rehearses in a squash court.

Laura Pappano

If every member of the Yale Symphony were to play "Bulldog" in a different key, the sound would be something like theater at Yale: while talent and energy abound, there is surprisingly little coordination among the various groups. When the choice performance weekends roll around, it is as if The Great Race has just begun: each team dashes around campus ar!"ed with flyers, posters, and table tents; signboards outside Yale Station battle for the premium spots; and dining halls fill with the sounds of spoons tapping glasses, heralding energetic announcements. It is all very colorful and exciting to witness, but how healthy is it for theater at Yale?

"I worry about this campus," said Sally Rosenberg, co-director of the Ezra Stiles Dramat, "The amount of theater is wonderful. Over 30 productions went up last spring. But because there's so much, there's a tendency towards competition. And it's not just, 'Oh, no, our show's going up this weekend so we've got to publicize and get the audiences.' It has the potential

to be destructive sometimes-like who gets the call in first to the lighting man."

The problem stems partly from shortages- from lights and platformâ&#x20AC;˘ to time and space- and partly from poor communication. Dramats are hesitant to lend out equipment1 because it has not been returned in the past. They have recen~y loat aeveral key rehearsal and performance apacea.

And they have alwaya tcheduled their performances independently, with only partial knowledge of other groups' plans. There once wu a College Dramat Council, an organization designed to address these problems, but it rarely met, and Rosenberg said 'it was "not very structured."

Now, David L9ud, head of Yale Musical Theater (YMT), is leading a movement to unite t.Q.e college dramats under a revitalized College Dramat Council. Loud wants to transform the loose, lackadaisical Council of the pasâ&#x20AC;˘ into a cohesive unit that can exert influence when appropriate.

The first meeting of the new Dramat The New Journal/October 15, 1982

35

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The New JournaVOctober 15, 1982

When the choice performance weekends roll around, It Is as If the Great Race has just begun.

Council a month ago created a lot of member of the Yale Dramat, is wary of enthusiasm among those who attend- participating. "We really can't be a part ed. "This one is going to go places, of the Dramat Council because it looks seriously go places," said Jaj i like we're stepping in and trying to take Packard, co-director of the Trumbull over. And that's the furthest thing from .

Dramat. Discussion focused on the our mind." Gitelman feels uneasy problems of schedulin-g and ¡of finding about the relationship between the r~hearsal and performance space. Yale Dramat and the college dramats.

Loud sees the Council as both a "Everyone's always saying that they uniting front in the fight for theater don't like us out there. The relationspace and as a forum for communica- ship has been strained or non-existent tion among the college dramats. "I out of misunderstanding." And that's think if people are communicating, the unfortunate, Gitelman says, because red tape of theater at Yale would be "we can help them and they can cerdiminished and directors could spend tainly help us."

The Yale Dramat and the college more time directing their shows," Loud dramats are especially in a position to said .

Scheduling is the primary concern. lend each other support now, as each Last spring when Jesus Christ Superstar group searches for a solution to what is went up at Ezra Stiles, students either perhaps campus theater's biggest probbought tickets and sat, sardine-style, lem- finding space. "We just want the within yellow-taped lines on the dining University to provide us with spaceh all floor, or didn't see any show at all not even a theater space-just a oig that weekend. That was because the dramat heads had heard that the rock opera was going to b e outstanding and they didn't want to open opposite a rumored hit. The result: seven shows opened the following weekend, several suffering poor houses .

Amy Ludwig, YMT board member, co-director of the Trumbull Dramat and a board member of the new Dramat Council, believes that the clustering of shows is most often a result of the dramats avoiding "big academic events"- m idterms, finals, the start of classes ¡and so forth. "These weekends exist," Ludwig explains, "but they're just not feasible."

Although there are certainly weekends during the term in which no one has time to either produce or attend a show, there could be better distribution. Loud suggests that the members could - consult with each other about the dates of their sho-ws. David Lo.ud, head of the Yale "There's nothing we can do to stop nine Musical Theater shows from going up in a weekend, but presumably it's in everybody's interest room somewhere that all the colleges not to do that," Loud said. could share," Loud said.

Preventing such scheduling mishaps Although there has always been a requires participation from all fronts, shortage of space, recent developments Loud said. "We want the Council to be have made the problem even more made up of as many different groups as severe. The F.ducational Center for the possible. Any theater group could Arts lost a federal subsidy last year, send a representative to the Council driving its rental fee beyond the means and it would be great." of college dramats.

But Hillary Gitelman, board The Yale Dramat recently lost its

It's the public's fault for accepting that kind of nonsense. key rehearsal space at 305 Crown Street to the Yale Rep. Gitelman explains the situation: "It was meant to be a huge complex of undergraduate activities. Dean [David] Henson put himself on the l~ne, telling u~ that this was the space for us, and trymg to g_et us interested in it. All this time the Rep had space at 205 Crown and they were paying a huge amount for it. Over the summer something snapped and somehow they handed the space to the Rep." When faced with the problem of fin·ding large spaces, dramats often turn to dining halls. But to most performers , producers, directors and technicians, dining halls rank low on their list of favorite wo rking spaces.

"YMT was originally formed to perform musicals NOT in dining halls, Loud said. "You spend three-fourths of your energy moving tables. It's always a mess." This term, both of YMT's fall musicals, Fiorello and A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (cosponsored by Ezra Stiles Dramat) will be performed in dining halls.

Recently , some dining hall managers have been cracking down on student shows, limiting the number of productions or outright denying the use of dining hall space. Calhoun will now permit only one dining hall show per semester, while Davenport will no longer allow any dining hall shows.

This crack-down was apparent at the end of last term when the commencement show, Mem"/y W e Roll Along, was refused dining hall space. The production crew was forced to build an entire stage from scratch in 101 Linsley-Chit.

"They just died," Loud recalled. "I think it took them three days to strike the thing. They absolutely killed themselves."

The new Dramat Council has sent a letter to President A. Bartlett Giamatti and is now in the process of putting together a more formal petition . . Much of YMTs impetus to participate in the administration of the new Dramat Council seems to stem from its own frustrations with the lack of space. As Loud said, "You can't do Fiorello in a squash court."

•

~ura Pappano, a junior in Ezra Stiles, as darector of the Yale Mime troup. .

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NEWSSTANDS The New Journal/October 15, 1982

37

Books Mothers and sisters Sylvia Wi lson Tht Womm of Brew$/er Plact

by Gloria Naylor 1982 The Viking Press 192 pp.

Gloria Naylor, a graduate studerzt in Afro-American studies.

38

The jealousy and susp1c10n among these women keeps them apart. It is no t until one of the lesbians is raped and murdered that they realize th eir common bond- they are all ~ "Nuuneg arn1s leaned over window .. ~ sills, gnarled ebony legs carried struggling to survive in a world which discriminates against them, not only 55 groceries up double flights of steps, because of their race, but because of ~ and saffron hands strung out wet launtheir gender as well. They try to dry on backyard lines ... they cursed, badgered, worshipped, and shared rebuild Brewster Place, to make it a their men. They were hard~edged, safer and cleaner place to live, and in soft-centered, brutally demanding and doing so they create a new unity. easily pleased ... " These black Through their common struggle to women are the characters in Glor ia survive we see that this is a novel about Naylor's first novel, The Women of black sisterhood , and it is Naylor's Brtwsttr Place. delicate development of this sisterhood that is most impressive and moving in Naylor, a graduate student in Afrothe novel.

Amer'can Studies, illustrates what it Glo ria Naylor is a native New means to be a black woman today Yorker who attended Brooklyn College through the stories of the six "colored a nd now studies Afro-American daugh~ers" of Brewster Place, a deadStudies and Critical Theory at Yale. end neighborhood in a fictional New She r ecalled in a recent interview the York City ghetto. Despite their diverse fru stration she felt as an underages and backgrounds, their different shades of ebony, cinnamon, nutmeg graduate during the mid-1970s, when black literature meant the literature of and saffron, these women all come to share a common bond- their neighblack men, and women's studies offer ed only the literature of white borhood. Twice abandoned, first by its women . white founding fathers and then by the Italian immigrants who followf"d , "I was running back and forth across Brewster Place is now a run-down campus trying very hard to find something that might reflect me and haven for the "Afric children" in search of new beginnings. re flect my reality. When I would approach some of my professors and I The seven stories that make up the would tell them that in these literature novel tell the history behind each woman's move to Brewster Place. The courses I wo uld like to do a paper on the works of black women, let's say reader follows them from girlhood into from 1900-1930, I'd get derisive womanhood, finding that, because re marks like, 'Go ahead, but you won't they are all black and female, they shared some of the same difficulties find much'." That was when Naylor with prejudice and discrimination decided that if she were to become a writer she would write about black while growing up, despite their d ifwomen "to do something -to fill that ferences in class or background. Bu t , they all come to Brewster Place a little void" that she found in literature.

The W omen of Brewster PWce provides wary of each other. They do not su ch a powerful characterization of recognize their similarities because black sisterhood that strong, constant they are blinded by their differences. rela tio nships between black women The lesbian is ostracized because the a nd black men are rarely apparent. others cannot understand her love fo r M a ttie, a middle-aged mother figure, another woman. The college-educated comforts Ciel, a younger woman who suburbanite who willingly comes to seeks solace after the death of her only Brewster Place to "be with her people" child . . Mattie symbolizes strong black finds that she has trouble understan womanhood, and her relationship with ding the other black women in the neighborhood and they cannot u nder Ciel is far more potent and genuine than that between Ciel and her lover. stand her. The free-spi rited wom a n who has many lovers is distrusted by The men rarely seem to be as strong as the others because they fear she will try th e women and are frequently absent to steal their men. fro m their lives, making it appear that

The New journal/October 15, 1982

- IN CONCERTone relationship excludes the other.

Naylor emphasizes the importance of not accentuating the relationships between men and women in the nove).

"The bonding that has existed historically between women is not present or is not given the foreground (in literature) that I think it should, and that was what I tried to do in Brewster PltJce." Perhaps the most sensitive aspect of the novel is Naylor's depiction of two lesl:iian lovers, Theresa and Lorraine, known merely as "The Two" by their neighbors. Their arrival at Brewster Place continues a desperate search for acceptance after humiliating rejection elsewhere. But even in Brewster they meet with suspicion and hostility: "Their regular exits and entrances to the block were viewed with a jaundiced eye. The quiet that rested around their door on the weekends hinted of all sorts of secret rituals, and their friendly indifference to the men on the street was a n insult to the women as a brazen flaunting of unnatural ways."

The struggle to define the true meaning of sisterhood among the women of Brewster Place is painfully illustrated in their difficulty in understanding their lesbian sisters. It is only after one of "The Two" is murdered in a brutal and bloody rape that the other women realize a common bond with Lorraine and Theresa, based simply on their mutual struggle to survive as women. Naylor uses the rape as a unifying force because she feels that it is the "common denominator for all women, regardless of class, race , or sexual preference. We are all not only potential victims of rape, but we live in a society which has a rape mentality as far as who we are as entities." Lorraine's rape therefore makes each of the women realize "that the lack of comfort, the lack of female bonding which should have been there for every woman, regardless of whom she chose to love , was not." They needed to be reminded that "under the skin, they were all sisters."

•

Sylvia Wilson is a junior in Branford.

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