Volume 24 - Issue 2

Inside: The Race for Mayor Union Strife

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Volume 24, Number 2

'IheNewJournal The magcuine about Yale and New Havm

October 18, 1991

STANDARDS About This Issue Letter To The Editor 6 NewsJournal The New Haven Godfather Guardian Angels 28 Between The Vines: A Rude Awakening... by Jay Porter 5

F EAT U R E S - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8

Union Strife-A Yale Tradition.....by Emily Bazelon. With labor negotiations slated for the winter, the University appears as antagonistic as ever. Will Yale repeat its mistakes ofthe past?

12 Racing for the Mayor's Seat... by Kathy Reich. Has New Haven Mayor john Daniels bungled city government? And would challenger jonathan Einhorn do a better job?

16 Yale In Drag... by Susan Dominus. With a philosophy somewhere between a gay fraternity and a performance art troupe, the House ofSafari Absolut empowers gay, black men who find little support in the Yale community.

19 The World According to Yale ... by Joel Tesoro. Why is East Asian Studies booming while Latin American Studies falls apart?

22 Evangelicals: Faith at Yale ... by Julian Ku. Increasingly dominated by Asian-Americans, Yale's evangelical groups strive to create a spiritual awakening.

25 A Gallery Divided...by Kate Brewster. Stacks, the Art Gallery's showcase contemporary sculpture, stands as a silent remindn ofa two-year-old rift between the Gallery and the History ofArt tkpartment.

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ABouT THIS I s s u E - - - - - - -- - - -

LETTER TO THE EDITOR The New journal welcomes your Letters. Write to the editor at:

P.O. Box 3432 Yale Station,

New Haven, CT 06520.

W

ith Yale's budget in shambles, the unions on the verge of strike, and New Haven divided by politics of class and race, why did we put a drag queen on our cover? What is it about a small group of gay black men that comprise the core of the House of Safari Absolut that intrigues us? We'd like to think that groups such as Safari Absolut(page 16) and Asian evangelicals at Yale (page 22) raise issues beyond the confines of their own agendas. In an environment as heterogeneous and intimidating as Yale, all of us need to carve out our own space. The members of Safari Absolut often feel estranged from the very groups that were designed to support them, so they have created their own. Though the 12 members of the group may seem too few to warrant attention from a university of 12,000, we found that their search for an accepting community carries a universal message.

Are we merely voye urs, exploiting lives for a cover shot? We hop e not. Our stories go beyond a voyeuristic gloss, and we want our readers to come away with a deepened understanding of what lies underneath a seductive exterior. We may all be taken by the spectacle of wigs and gold lame at a Co-op dance, but by investigating the lives behind the image we shed light on our community and ourselves. And in putting together the magazine we have learned that the House of Safari Absolut and the Campus Crusade for Christ share more than either group might imagine.

-JGP

To rhe editor: I found "The Last Bastion: Wolf's Head Confronts Coeducation" [Sept. 6] fair and balanced. You did an excellent job of presenting both views of an admittedly thorny issue.

While nor necessarily agreeing with Sam Chauncey's politics or perspectives, I have always admired him for speaking our for what he believes in. I would rake exception with Sam, however, for quitting Wolf's Head "in disgust" (I wasn't aware he had until your article) after the failure of rhe 1984 vore ro change the membership srarus.

I, for one, promise Sam rhar I will nor quit "in disgust" when Wolf's Head becomes coed, which I am convinced ir will with the next membership ¡vote. After all, shouldn't a Yale education, at the margin ar least, leave us with some respect for the democratic process?

Perhaps we would all have been better served by Sam had he been willing to stay in the group lighting candles rather rhan quitting the darkness. I hope he'll rejoin when the issue is resolved ro his liking.

P. Thomas Sargent (BK '58) 0cro&ER t8, 1991

THE NEW jOURNAL 5

NEwsJouRNAL

Elm City

Godfather "Political influence? I wasn't aware I had any."

Modesty aside, Arthur BarbieriNew Haven's quintessential machine politician-is no feeble dinosaur. After decades of work behind the scenes to maintain a fractious party coalition, the 75-year-old Democratic Town Chair still wields real power. State and local politicians respect Barbieri's ability to garner votes through persuasion and patronage.

The wall that leads to Barbieri's office includes photos of John F. Kennedy, Frank Sinatra, and former New Haven mayors Richard C. Lee and Bartholomew Guida. Even U.S. Representative Rosa DeLauro (D-3) counts the Town Chair as a close ally, though she once worked for machinebreaker Frank Logue, mayor of New Haven from 1976-79. "Rosa and her family go back years with the New Haven Democratic Party," says Paul Frick, DeLaura's chief-of-staff. "She worked with Logue a long time ago."

Such testimony shows that Barbieri's machine has not become a political anachronism.

During his first tenure as Town Chair from 1953 to 1975. Barbieri boasted an electoral Midas touch. He unified the party behind two-time loser Richard Lee and delivered the mayor's office to the Democrats in 1953. With Barbieri's help, Lee triumphed in seven more mayoral elections. Barbieri then threw the weight of the machine behind Bartholomew Guida, who won three consecutive victories.

"We--the Democratic Party-had a very close relationship with the Lee and Guida administrations," recalls Barbieri. But voters and politicians in the post-Watergate era began to regard the machine with suspicion. When Guida tried to run for a fourth nomi6 THE New JouRNAL

nation in 1975, Frank Logue, then an alderman, blew the whistle on the "closed corporation." Logue charged that Barbieri had single-handedly guaranteed Guida the Town Committee endorsement. When voters chose Logue over Guida in the primary, Barbieri resigned as Town Chair. Logue rode Democratic all the way -to

Arthur Barbieri: no feeble dinosaur the mayor's office.

Though the machine enjoyed a return to power from 1979 to 1989 with the election of Mayor Biagio DiLieto, its heyday had ended. "The parties today are not what they used to be," Barbieri mourns. "More independent-minded people are being elected to office, which leaves very little to knit the party together." Party cohesion crumbled when John Daniels carne to power.

Barbieri's estrangement from Daniels provides a marked contrast to his close ties wich Lee and Guida.

Although Barbieri says he would never take public action against a Democrat,

bitterness creeps into his description of the current relationship between the administration and the party. ''I'm not close to the administration," he says.

"They don't call me vety often."

The mayor's failure to endorse Barbieri for the position ofTown Chair in the 1990 election further weakened their tie. "After I endorsed John DeStefano, Daniels did not ask me to resign. He wanted me to help hm;, and I did everything I was asked to do," recalls Barbieri. "But then, for reasons known only to him and those around him, they wanted to unseat me. " According to insiders, Barbieri's nominal support for Daniels does not match his heartfelt support of past machine politicians, Leaning across the expanse of his marble desk, Barbieri shakes his head wearily as he contemplates che uptoming contest. 'Tve always predicted elections," he says, "but I'm not going co predict this one."

Party splintering may explain Barbieri's hesitancy. "There are indications that Aldermanic President Frank Grasso (D-12) might endorse Einhorn," says Steve Ury, chair of the first ward. "No one's sure what Barbieri's going to do about it. His old-line people are breaking away, and he may sit this one out."

Still. Arthur Barbieri's commitment to the Democratic Party and to New Haven remains strong. "I registered Democrat because I believed that the Democratic Party was the party of the people, and I believe that today," he says. Barbieri always leaves his door open so that anyone who wants to can come in and see him. His cylindrical office, with its red velvet wallpaper and gold double doors, reflects the eccentricities of a man who used to stride to the speaker's podium at Democratic functions to ~he theme from "The Godfather." The days of the united machine may be over, but Barbieri remains.

-Charlotte Brooks OCTOBER 18, 1991

Guardian Angels Silently stalking downtown New Haven, the red-bereted Guardian Angels are on a self-appointed mission to eradicate crime. "It looks quiet tonight," said Elliot 'EZ' Zaret into his hand-held radio. Since February, when the Guardian Angels hit the streets, the city has embarked on a new era of crime prevention. Many New Haven residents see the patrol, trained iri martial arts, as the answer to drugrelated crime and the 75 vacancies on the police force.

"A lot of what we do is deterrence," said Zaret (MC '91), who organized the Angels' New Haven chapter. "Because we were on the street there wasn't a crime committed.

We see someone that looks innocent and a guy that looks like he's going to mug somebody, and they don't connect because we're there." The Angels, who carry no weapons, have patrolled New Haven since February 13. They operate under no special jurisdiction and only make citizens' arrests~hold­ ing a suspect captive until the police arrive. Zaret said that although he has had few run-ins while on patrol, he would like to have made more arrests to boost morale.

"These people are cowards, that's why they hide behind the gun and the gang colors," Zaret said. "If you come up with six on one they can't shoot you all. There'll be witnesses. You're no longer the easy target." When Angels enter the headquarters before patrol, Zaret searches each one for weapons and drug paraphernalia-they must be "clean enough to pee in a cup." Then, Wednesday through Saturday nights, the Angels hit the streets in red berets and military-style clothing to fight crime.

Although Zaret founded the New Haven chapter, only one fellow Yale student joined him in the ten-member group. Patrol leader Jeff Ald~ich (BR Ocroal!llrS. 1991

'93) wants the Yale Dean's Office to recognize the Angels as a student group in order to encourage student involvement. Currently, the Angels recruit by handing out flyers and by word of mouth. Two weeks ago Elizabeth Lane, a 20-year-old paramedic, joined the chapter as the first female trainee after she heard about the group from a colleague.

Haphazard recruitment, however, has failed to draw on all segments of the community's population.

The New Haven chapter does not include a single black member. The racial imbalance of the mostly white patrol has sparked race-specific reactions in the New Haven communitynow over one-third black. In the downtown area, white men in business suits give the Angels the thumbs-up signal as they pass by, but further down Chapel Street the group is met by thrown bottles and profanity.

"Until the black youth get involved, the Angels won't be as effective as they could be," said Ida Wells, the president of George Crawford Manor's tenant association.

Despite their shortcomings, the has formed at a crucial moment.

Infighting and factions in the Police Department have left the public in the lurch. September's "blue flu," when a quarter of the force called in sick to protest Chief Nicholas Pastore's attempts at reorganization, underscored the need for collective activism.

The Angels stress neighborhood selfreliance. "Do it yourselves," Zaret exhorted Westville residents at a town meeting. "There's nothing stronger than you, looking out for yourselves, on your own block. The Guardian Angels and the police aren't going to do as much as you, the people."

The police department's recent failures have elevated the Angels to the ranks of heroes among many New Haven residents. Members help organize block watches and neighborhood patrols. Zaret further increases visibility when he attends town meetings and talks to residents. It will take time, however, to determine just what impact the Guardian Angels have on community crime. "Some people see us as just a drop in the bucket," said Stark, a Guardian Angel. "I prefer to think of us as a drop of red dye."

Th~ Guardian Ang~ls patrol a housing proj~ct.

THE NEW JouRNAL 7

Union Strife¡-A Yale Tradition Emily Bazelon his January, Yale will likely continue its unhappy tradJtion of labor dJscord. Yale and Local unions 34 and 35 last sat at the bargaining table in September 1988. In stark contraSt to 1984's year-long strike, administrators and workers agreed to a contract in four months of talks. T his time the unions may have a third partner. Led by the Graduate Employment and Student Organization (GESO), Yale's graduate students are attempting to organize, with full support from the unions. "The only way to deal with Yale is through organizations," said Lucille Dickess, current president of Local 34 and an administrative assistant in the Geology Department. "And three are better than one."

For the unions, past experience proves that success lies in solidarity. Since 1968 Yale has suffered from the most turbulent labor history in the Ivy League. Local 35, which represents Yale's mostly male custodial, janitorial, and maintenance staff, struck repeatedly in the 1970s. Labor strife reached a fever pitch in 1984, when Yale's clerical and technical workers organized into Local 34. Members of the new union, 85 percent of whom were women, claimed Yale's pay rates reflected a gender discrepancy of 59 cents to the dollar.

When the clerical and technical workers walked out over the issue of equal pay, Local 35 joined them. "The university didn't believe that the men would support us, but they were wrong," said Dickess. "We work with each other very closely, and in 1988 we broke the strike pattern by sitting down with Yale together and winning a decent contract."

A growing number of graduate students hope to follow in 34's footsteps. GESO made the first move towards forming a union when they joined Yale's Federation of University Employees. The fledgling union launched a membership pledge drive this fall but so far has not enlisted a majority of Yale's graduate students. GESO opposes the KaganPollitt plan, which requires Ph.D. candidates to complete their degrees in six years and has cut 20 percent of teaching fellow positions over this year and next. In addJtion, graduate student health care fees rose 45 percent this year, which means that some TAs pay one-third of their salaries for health insurance.

"We want a contract with the university in January," said GESO spokesperson Gordon Lafer (GRD '94). "We've spent years talcing part in study groups and making reports, and we've come to the conclusion that the cuts won't stop

T

0crOBER 18, 1991

unless we come together and force the issue." While some grad students fear the new union will force an agenda upon them, GESO's leaders believe their constituency supports them. Locals 34 and 35 have donated office space and management tips to GESO, and together the three groups hold rallies to protest university policies.

According to the university, GESO complaints lack real basis. Yale claims that graduate-program costs top the list of fastest-rising items on the budget. "The Kagan-Pollitt plan did not reduce the money for grad students. The amount

In january Yale couldface its second major strike in eight years. This time the unions may have a third partner. lost in salaries, and more, has gone to pay for fifth- and sixth-year dissertation fellowships," said Charles Long, a deputy provost. In order to save money, the university plans co accept fewer grad students and require them to graduate faster. "Right now, we have more Ph.D. candJdates than we need or car;t afford," Long said.

Even if GESO's complaints hold water, administrators believe that graduate students do not have the right to form unions. Yale's main labor negotiator Peter Vallone claims they receive teaching stipends as part of their scholarships, not as salaries. Because Yale does not defin e them as employees, the grad students cannot legally unionize without university recognition. "The university will not sit down to discuss compensation, hours, and conditions of work with any group of graduate students," said Vallone.

"Nor will we extend voluntary recognition to them. This could become a legal issue, and because we have a very strong case I believe we'd prevail."

But GESO believes that if graduate students unite, the university will have to acknowledge them. "Yale defines itself as a community based around the common pursuit of study, not as a factory," said Lafer. "It will be very difficult for them to tell us, 'Shut up, we're not going to deal with you,' regardless of what the law says."

Both GESO and the unions resent what they call Yale's "high-handed" approach to problem-solving as much as they do its specific policies. The organizations found espeTHE NEW jOURNAL

9

cially rankling the university's failure to consult its workers, students, and faculty before it decided which areas to cut this year. "The administration runs this place like a dictatorship: they understand what's best for us, and we don't," said Clarence Mosely, deputy steward for Local 35. "With the budget scenario this year nothing was discussable-they just drew a line in the sand." D eputy Provost Long acknowledged that Yale imposed the recent round of cuts from above. "We're really going to try for wider community involvement in the implementation of future cuts," he said.

But for the unions and GE$0, such gestures come too late. Already both cite cuts in the library system as a destructive choice. Yale phased out 7 1 positions in the libraries this year and only avoided lay-offs by absorbing the cuts through attrition. The shelving and cataloging departments no longer run at full stre ngth, and plans to enter pre-1977 works onto Orbis have been scrapped. New books will enter the computer system

only through the author-tide catalogue, which makes research by subject difficult.

Union leaders point to the library as the spot where student and worker interests converge. "The lost jobs in the library have a direct impact on the quality of academics_ at Yale," said Nancy Ryan of Local 34.

"Come crunch time this winter when people have term papers to do, the numbers of lost books due to lack of shelving will be extremely noticeable." She also says the library cuts won't save mon ey in the long run.

"When books aren't shelved they get lost, and then have to be reacquired and processed, which is expensive. "

Y

ale justifies its draconian measures as a necessary evil. With leaky roofs and crumbling casements, the university channels every spare dollar into physical plant renovation. Union officials do not dispute that Yale's buildings need repairs but argue that renovation should not undermine services. "They're planning

.-----------------------------------------

A studmt looks on as Locals 34, 35 and GESO rally on Brin~ck~ Plaza.

10

T HE NEw jouRNAL

to take from the operating budget like it's a cookie jar, and that's just not necessary," said Michael Boyle of Local 34.

The unions believe Yale has concored the budget crisis just in time for the January negotiations. "In preparing for talks, the administration will plead poverty to try to lower the union's expectations," said Dickess.

"But we are the people who work here and deal with their money, and we know it's a matter of priorities." The unions refuse to take Yale's budget worries at face value. "They're going to have to document the financial problem," said Dickess. "Why aren't the books open? They say the tabulations are too complicated. I say if you have nothing to hide, what is your problem?"

According to Vallone, the university has complied with union requests for information whenever possible.

"We're sharing everything we have that relates to the current budget situation," he said. "They asked for which programs would and would not get funded in the next five years. There is no such document, and if there is it would not be appropriate to make it public." To the unions, the administration's reluctance to share budget information indicates that Yale does not see its workers as peers. "Yale's attitude is one of ar~ogance and paternalism ," said Dickess.

Administrators counter that union members see the budget through a distoned lens of self-interest.

"A great portion of the budget is restricted for specific uses, and the unions don't appear to accept that," Vallone said. "It's easy to sharpshoot decisions about how money should be spent depend~ng on one's own concern. We recognize and respect the unions' role on campus, but that doesn't mean that in January we'll roll over and play dead."

A s the contract deadline nears, job security looms as the most controOcroBI!R x8, 1991

versial item on the agenda. The administration plans to reduce Local 34 employees as part of cutbacks. "We have a finite set of dollars, and once the Corporation made the decision to renovate, we had to size down in other places," explained Vallone. "This will primarily affect the administrative

"Yales attitude is one of arrogance and paternalism. " support staff." Though the university has laid off fewer than I 00 people to date, Long says more dismissals will follow. "Yale has a policy of maintaining competitive staff salaries, and I strongly believe we shouldn't fall behind in this area. It's much better to reduce the numbers of people we employ."

The unions, however, do not buy the argument that Yale must fire some of its union employees. "In Local 34 we have a turnover rate of over 500 people a year," said Boyle. "That leaves plenty of room to downsizemanagement could redistribute some of the work rather than replacing everyone. The idea of needing to fire at will is a sham."

The increase in "casual workers" disturbs Locals 34 and 35 as well.

"The administration is continually penny-wise, pound-foolish," said Boyle. Casuals receive keys to university buildings and pose a potential security risk. They also work for lower pay, but because they have less experience they often get hurt more, which costs Yale in worker's compensation and medical care.

Since medical costs increase 20 percent every year, Yale wants to scale back. "We spend $15 million a year on a very liberal policy in which Yale pays for pretty much everything," said Vallone. The unions will discuss ways Ocroe£R 18, 1991

to keep down medical costs-like discouraging people from claiming worker's compensation-but do not feel the current package has any padding.

"The Yale Health Plan is the cheapest Health Maintenance Organization in Connecticut," said Boyle. "Yale is not a small-time employer getting screwed

by Blue Cross." or the unions, the option to strike offers a way to force Yale's hand. But with the recession, workers have a lot more to lose than they did in 1984. "Yale is the company in a company town," said Local 35's Mosely. "But it's hard when they stretch us like rubber bands until we break." The university agenda for the talks does not leave much room to breathe. "Employees are part of the balancing act," said Long. "When we negotiate, we're looking at a bleak economic picture."

GESO's ability to affect January's negotiations remains unclear. In the event of a strike, members of all three organizations will vote on whether or not to walk out together. Still, the present level of cooperation is high.

"Personally, I would never cross a picket line anywhere, ever," said Dickess. "And I consider myself representative." In a recent poll of Local 35 members, 90 percent said they would strike for recognition of GESO. At present, GESO and Locals 34 and 35 want to reach out to students and faculty in order to build a consensus about the budget crisis. By focusing attention on cuts to amenities like the libraries, which Yale's academic excellence demands, they hope to foster campus-wide protest. But if the campus remains unmoved, or if the university chooses not to listen, Yale will face its second major strike in eight years.

181

F

Emily Bazelon, a junior in Pierson, is an associa~ editor ofTNJ.

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Racing for the Mayor's Seat Kathy Reich

J

ohn Daniels most likely will win a second term as New than it does with me," Einhorn claimed. "He's alienated a lot of New Haven."

Haven's mayor on November 5, but with two weeks to Two years ago, Daniels' election seemed to herald a new go the challenger is giving him a run for his money.

With his conservative stands on ·crime, the budget, and era in New Haven politics. In a city where a conservative public housing, Alderman Jonathan Einhorn (R-25) has · Democratic machine had ruled almost J.l.ninterrupted since attracted a sizable following even though Democrats out1953, he defeated the machine candidate in a mayoral prinumber Republicans in New Haven 10 to 1. An ups.et vic- mary. Weeks later, backed by a multiethnic coalition of tory would make him New Haven's first Republican mayor black and white progressive Democrats, Daniels coasted in over 30 years. "It really has more to do with John Daniels into office as the first black mayor in New Haven's histoty.

But his victory quickly soured, as New Haven's fiscal and social problef!lS mounted. Daniels inherited a $12 million deficit from former mayor Biagio DiLieto, which remains even after Daniels slashed city jobs and essential services. Critics charge that City Hall teems with bad management, and New Haven's crime rate has soared to the fifth ~ highest in the nation. Dreams of a multiethnic coalition -. have crumbled, as white residents in middle-class neighborhoods object vehemently to the city's "scattered-site" housing plan, which mandates government purchase of singlefamily homes on their streets for poor black families.

As minority leader on the Board of Aldermen, E inhorn has emerged as Daniels' main critic. W here Daniels has instituted community-based policing, Einhorn wants to install metal detectors in high schools and call in the National Guard to fight crime. Daniels endorses the concept of scattered-site housing, while Einhorn vows to let neighborhoods decide whether or not to accept subsidized housing--even though New Haven stands to lose millions in federal aid if it segregates public housing in poo( black areas.

To many voters Einhorn's conservatism represents a promising new approach to the city's social ills. Some machine politicos also tout Einhorn to get back at Daniels.

'They want him swept from office so they can put up a candidate more to th eir liking in two years," said Brian Anderson, a former Republican Town Chair.

On a more serious note, some Daniels supporters allege jonathan Einhorn persistently denies he plays racial politics. that Einhorn has subtly exploited racial tensions to get votes 12 TH£ N£w JouRNAL

OCTOBER 18, 1991

from whites in New Haven's Italian and Irish neighborhoods-many of whom fear that blacks have taken over "their" cicy. "Einhorn has made this a racial campaign," said Alderwoman Toni Harp (D-2). "He only serves one part of the community..If he wins, Dixwell and the Hill can look forward to benign neglect, if not conscious contempt."

I

n 1990, the U.S. census reported that for the first time whites no longer formed a decisive majority in New Haven. While they still comprise 54 percent of the total population, blacks now make up 36 percent and Latinos at least 13 percent. "It's a time of racial change in the city, and to every action there is a reaction," said Alderman Mike Morand (D-1, DIY '92). "Einhorn appeals to Wesrville, Wooster Square and East Shore-the areas of New Haven with the lowest concentration of minorities."

When Einhorn announced his candidacy in April, he spoke before an almost entirely white crowd. At the announcement speech, Joel Schiavone, then Republican Town Chair, told reporters that Daniels had purged all whites from top city jobs. "He's focused almost singlemindedly on blacks ," Schiavone told the N~w Haven Regisw. "He has not opened up to people of all shapes and sizes."

Schiavone has since left the campaign, but allegations of racism have dogged Einhorn ever since. Critics claim Einhorn's speeches about crime and scattered-site housing promote fears of violent blacks in the inner city. "He's playing on race very slickly," said Paul Bass OE '82), editor-inchief of the N~ Havm Advocau. "He hasn't come out and said 'nigger,' but he knows that wouldn't work."

Einhorn persistently denies that he plays racial politics.

In fact, he denies that racism affects New Haven society at all. "I honestly believe that racism is not a problem in New Haven," he said. "The city is ethnically diverse and poor, but that doesn't mean that it's racist." Alderman Chris De Pi no (R-18) complains that opponents have tagged Einhorn as racist merely because he told the truth about the Daniels 0crOliER 18, 1991

Mayor john Dani~ls struggles to hold th~ ~dg~ until Nov~mbn: administration. "When you raise a competency question about someone, and you're white and he's black, you're called racist," De Pino said. "Racism is ugly, but it's also a buzzword for journalists and the liberal media. It makes a nice soundbite. Ninety-nine percent of the time, there's no basis for it."

In response, Morand and others point to the residential and educational segregation that still exist in New Haven; the East Shore neighborhood is 98 percent white, Hillhouse High School 98 percent black. They claim that at a recent Housing Authority meeting where hundreds of angry whites protested scattered-site housing, some screamed out remarks like, "Have you ever seen a white drug dealer?" "I can't believe Einhorn can say there's no racism in New Haven,'' said Joshua Karlin, Daniel's campaign spokesperson. "How you expect him to be sensitive to other races, to promote multiculturalism?"

Einhorn does have some minority support. The Puerto Rican Action Committee recently endorsed his candidacy, as have a few black Republicans like Brian Anderson. But by and large Einhorn's constituents live in New Haven's ethnic white neighborhoods. These voters feel the city has devoted resources primarily to poor black neighborhoods at the expense of others. Einhorn plays on their suspicions that Daniels ignores a large chunk of the city-not just middle-

can

THÂŁ NEW jOURNAL

13

class white enclaves like East Shore, but also racially mixed, poorer areas like Fair Haven.

Alderwoman Harp, who is black, believes that minorities will lose out under an Einhorn administration.

"Einhorn has blinders on; he doesn't see blacks and Latinos," she said. "He sees New Haven as Westville and the East Shore." aniels himself grew up in the housing projects of the Hill.

When he first served on Board of Aldermen in the 1960s, New Haven's Italian-Irish Democratic machine dominated politics in the city. "The machine functioned for the sole purpose of getting people elected to city and state offices," Einhorn recalled. "The oil of the machine was the ability to give out jobs." Under this system, relatives and friends of machine politicos dominated the city payroll.

By the time Daniels entered politics, the machine had accepted blacks into their ranks, and Daniels worked within the system. He served as majority leader of the Board of Aldermen, then as a machine-backed state senator for ten years. Daniels decided to take on the machine in 1989 when he challenged Mayor Biagio DiLieto, a conservative Democrat with ten years in office. To everyone's surprise, DiLieto dropped out of the race. "He probably just saw the writing on the wall-the fiscal problems that were around the corner," Morand said.

DiLieto and the machine backed bureaucrat John DeStefano for the mayoralty; Daniels put himself forward as the people's candidate. His victory spawned optimism in New Haven for a "rai nbow coalition."

Some of his ideas had remarkable success. Daniels' needle-exchange experiment became a ~odd nationwide. His community-based police program, in which beat cops cooperate with neighborhood residents to

D

14 THE NEW JouRNAL

prevent crime, earned praise with its potential to cut down on police brutality and ensure community cooperation in law enforcement.

Despite Einhorn's accusation that the mayor has not squeezed enough money from Yale, Daniels made more progress with the Yale Corporation than any other mayor in New Haven history when he sold the rights-of-way to parts of High and Wall Streets. In exchange, Yale agreed to pay $1.1

turnover of power to the R~gisur this September: "Everyone from the mayor right on down to the deputy majority leader will be a black or Hispanic.

They can control all the committees and shut out every white alderman in the city."

Conservative Democrats like Grasso began to drift closer to Einhorn. The son of a Republican who ran unsuccessfully for mayor in 1965, Einhorn grew up in Westville_.

As his neighborhood's alder since

-

Einhorn's campaign postn-s gkam from his upscak Orang~ Strut h~adquaren-s. million for fire services that had always been free.

But Daniels struggled with a deficit that threatened to send the city into bankruptcy, and some of his appointees didn't seem to know how to run a government. The city's murder rate spiraled; its infant mortality and AIDS rates soared to the highest per capita in the nation. And old machine politicians found themselves crowded out of government.

Board of Aldermen President Frank Grasso (D-12), who may soon lose his post to Latino Alderman Tomas Reyes (D-4), complained of the

1977, he frequently criticized the DiLieto administration and the Democratic machine, once comparing them to the vice and corruption of Tammany Hall. Such rhetoric may cost him with voters loyal to the old machine. Though Reyes admits that many machine politicians have decided not to support Daniels, "In terms of public support,. very few Democrats have moved over to Einhorn."

Even his supporters acknowlege that Einhorn has his flaws. His attendance at Board of Aldermen meetings hovers around 30 percent, and he recently paid a $915,000 settlement in OCTOBER 18, 1991

a malpractice suit filed against his law practice. Einhorn has yet to announce any concrete budget proposals, and he vows to scrap the Wall Street agreement with Yale, even though the mayor lacks such authority. But his tough-on-crime, tough-on-Yale rhetoric has proven a powerful magnet for disaffected, largely ethnic white working- and middle-class voters. ''Americans are fed up with politicians and incumbents," the Advocatls Bass said. "New Haven's problems are difficult, and everyone's confused and frustrated with trying to solve them."

Daniels still holds the edge in election polls, and Reyes and Harp both believe the media has overstated the number of Democrats who support Einhorn. But the challenger may pull off an upset, particularly if dissatisfaction with Daniels translates into low turnout at the polls. "If I had to, I'd pick Daniels, but the race could definitely go either way," Bass said.

If he wins, Daniels wants to reorganize city finances, sponsor new educational programs for local youth, launch a city-wide job training program, and put New Haven on tourists' maps with such projects as the Volvo tennis tournament. Moreover, Daniels supporters believe he will continue to foster a rainbow coalition where blacks and Latinos share power and resources equally with whites.

Einhorn argues that Daniels has squandered his opportunity to rejuvenate New Haven. "People hear the death knells for the city," he said.

"The mayor makes no decisions; as in Hom~ A/on~, the parents are gone.

There's no one in control." However, many doubt that Einhorn would prove any more effective than his predecessor. "Daniels is a crummy mayor, but Einhorn would be worse," Bass said. "On the balance it's a disappointing choice."

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15

Yale in Drag Susan Dominus

hey say that in the height of the 70s, disco diva Safari Absolut put aside a brilliant career in dance to come to Yale. Her sacrifice wasn't easy. Black, poor, and gay, she found that Yale scorned her. Students called her a whore, a pervert, unpatriotic-but Safari Absolut refused to let them get her down. Instead she started a tradition of outlaw parties and presided over them until she met her tragic end doing the two-step at a Gay and Lesbian Co-op dance. While purely fictional, her story provides the founding mythology for the House of Safari Absolut, a small group of primarily gay black men from Yale and New

T

"When you>re poor, black, and gay, your natural response is to wish you were someone else. " Haven who strive to affirm their identities in the face of homophobia and racism.

The concept of the house originated in the early 70s as a support mechanism for the gay black men of New York City who confronted the poverty and violence of urban life.

While the mission of the House of Safari Absolut is less urgent than that of its New York counterparts, each provides a haven for members who feel alienated from their communities. "The house allows a certain refuge, so that at the end of the day when the straight white people hate you, when the gay white people hate you, and when straight black people hate you, you have someplace to go," said a senior member of the Hquse.

The House's philosophy lies somewhere between those of a gay fraternity and a performance art troupe. It devotes most of its considerable creative energy toward small-scale local parties, either at Yale or with the House of Hudger, another New Haven house. Jimmy Raines (SY '92) described these parties as "orgiastic extravaganzas" held offcampus or in whatever Yale classroom happens to be empty.

Although the House publicizes such parties as Love Feast and Trip 2069 ("an absurd futuristic party adventure into 16 THÂŁ NEW JouRNAL

flesh and fantasy") with posters on campus, the Yale community remains unaware of the House itself. ..At Yale, there's a whole other experience that most people know nothing about, an experience that's tainted with all these different evils," Raines said, recalling parties with tureens full of cocaine and elegant pastries laced with acid.

In the tradition of the New York houses, some House members dress in drag for their parties, decked in elaborate ensembles. One member appeared at a party in a dress made entirely of Saran wrap with food coloring for decoration; at another he wore a gold lame halter top with dolman sleeves and matching shorts that laced up the front.

For members of the House, cross-dressing demonstrates a refusal to accept gender constraints. Some wear drag to suit what they perceive as their ambiguous sexual identity. "I might wake up one day and think, 'Well, I'm a boy,' so I'll put on what the rest of the world sees as boy clothes," said Danny Preston (PC '92). "But sometimes I'll wake up and think, 'I'm a woman-so watch out!' And I'll throw on my little A-line dress and my high heels and hit the streets."

Others in the House cross-dress to leave behind one identity and replace it with a more empowering one. Each member creates a new House persona and renames himself in the process. "I know that no matter what other accomplishments I might achieve along the way, I am first and foremost, above any other identity, a gay black man," said Raines. "But when I'm Lady Cooch de Ville I become a grand, awesome, fearsome type of queen. Knowing that I'm special in this circle gives me enough to push it through the day."

Most members name themselves after favorite female icons or divas. Creswell Formey (SY '92), for example, chose the name Mahogany Chambers with Diana Ross in mind. Mahogany refers to the name of Ross' most famous movie, in which she played a cha~acter with the last name of Chambers. "I worship Diana," said Formey, "and I guess I model a lot of my behavior after her and women like her.

When I'm talking to people, I might do a gesture that I saw Diana do in an interview." He tilted his head back and flashed a dazzling smile for the audience-Diana protesting the flattering suggestion her interviewer just offered.

OCTOBER 18, 1991

Paradoxically, the men of the House of Safari Absolut choose to emulate the sex symbols of the heterosexual society they defy. Yeshi Isaho (a conflation of 'Yes, she is a ho') believes House members admire the stature these women hold as strong models in black culture, rather than their roles as sex symbols. "These women may be mapping out what looks like traditional heterosexual desire," he explained, "but they don't all behave like that. We're talking about women like Aretha Franklin and Tina Turner, who overcame all sorts of abuse. These women are strong."

W

Cross-dressing frees Danny Pres~on from gender contraints.

OcroBER 18, 1991

hile Safari Absolut defines its own agenda, members follow the lead of the prominent New York houses. Their parties appropriate the tradition of the "ball"-their pageantry of extremes, where gay men dress to look like a woman, a straight man, or any of their favorite divas. At the ball, crowds cheer the. elaborate dress of the drag queens as they judge the performers on their ability to "pass" as bona fide women. If the house offers these men a physical refuge from the ~angers of urban life, th e ball allows them a temporary ¡emotional release. "When you're poor, black, and gay," said Raines, "your natural response is to wish you were someone else."

New Haven residents who frequent the House appreciate its unusual stability. Malcolm, a local dancer who turned down offers from the House of Xtravaganza, chose Safari Absolut because of its distance from the fiercely competitive ball circuit. He described the "mopping and boosting," or stealing, that goes on at houses whose members don't object to shoplifting a $2000 Chanel belt in the name of the ball.

Safari Absolut complements GBLOC (Gays, Bisexuals and Lesbians of Color) by serving as a social support group rather than a political organization. Four men created the House in 1989 to redress the unresponsiveness of the two established support groups, the Gay and Lesbian Cooperative and the African-American Cultural Center.

Some House members condemn the Co-op for offenses ranging from overt racism to understated lack of concern for black gays. Many feel excluded from the Co-op's social circle. "The Yale gay community is very incestuous," said THE NEw jOURNAL

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Formey. "Friends sleeping with friends causes a lot of strife. H alf the nonblack men don't want to touch a black man for whatever racist reasons they have-so a lot of times I just get fed~ up." ~ Few in Safari Absolut find the~ African-American Center any mQre ~ hospitable than the Co-op. Preston 3 rec.alls arriving at an orientation! meeting for the Center in the same outfit worn by a female member. He found himself shunned by everyone at the meeting and decided to look elsewhere for support. Raines, a staff coordinator at the Cultural Center, feels a similar sense of alienation. "A lot of people at the AfricanNew Haven dancer Malcolm chose Ame rican Cultural Center look at Safari Absolut over a New YtJrk House.

l

A lthough mostly gay, black, and male, the House of Safari Absolut strives for some degree of diversity.

The House counts among its members t "> lesbian, bisexual, and straight women.

Yeshi Isaho considers the alliance among the marginalized groups natume as though I'm not black because ral. "We recognize that in a lot of peoI'm gay," said Raines. ''I'm al most as ple's perceptions, the gay man is no much of an 'Other' for them as anymore valuable than a woman," he said.

"The fundamental question in homoone else." phobia is not, 'Why are you gay?' but 'Why are you acting like a woman?'"

Embraci ng all those who strain against society's political, intellectual, and sexual mores, the philosophy of the House of Safari Absolut reflects its members' own struggles for accepg tance. "We've gone through our politi~ cal phases, and we're tired of beating ~ our heads against a brick wall for people who won't accept us on our own terms," said Formey. "So when they get a grip, tell them to give us a calL"

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jimmy Raines and Creswell Formey in the House ofSafari Absolut.

18 THÂŁ New JouRNAL

Susan Dominus, whom members ofthe House ofSafari Absolute like to call Pseudonymous, is a senior in jonathan Edwards College.

OCTOBER 18, 1991

The World According to Yale joel Tesoro

T

he Yale Center for International and Area Studies stands in the midst of a storm over the future of Yale as a world university. As enrollment triples in classes like colonial Latin American history and introductory Korean, Yale's interdisciplinary international programs struggle to keep up with a growing student interest in the world. Behind the Center's aspirations, however, lie crucial historical and structural problems that may determine not just how but what foreign cultures and societies Yale will teach. As James Scott, a political science professor, put it, "This is still a university very much centered on the AngloAmerican world." Attempting to expand as Yale contracts,

the Center tries to use limited funds and resources to support a multitude of programs and finds itself unable to save them all.

The Center acts as Yale's clearinghouse for any activities of regional or international focus. These include the seven Area Studies councils, a thriving International Relations (IR) graduate program, and the new International Studies major. Recent fundraising coups, like the $10 million grant from the Luce Foundation for the Center's new building, two large gifts to East Asian Studies, and money from the government and from various corporations for International Studies, have launched International ;md Area Studies into one of the university's most prominent areas of growth.

"In a sense, cultural studies are being defit:ted at Yale," said J. Michael Holquist, chair of Soviet and East European Studies (SEES). " In the past we have not been able to compete because our strengths were not in the social sciences.

'1nternational and Area Studies are not a priority at this unit;ersity-they're like foster children. "

Gaddis Smith runs a Cmur ~.fractious as th~ world it studia.

OcToBER 1s, 1991

We do have a lot of strength in the humanities. We are now in a period of transition, moving from a dated cold war model to a more diffuse study of cultures. This permits us to exploit our existing strengths."

Since the Center's endowment and grants support the majority of its programs, the current budget cutbacks may not directly affect International and Area Studies. "In a period of cutbacks like this, programs like ours arc in a stronger posicion," said Deborah Davis, chair of East Asian Studies (EAS). By and large, however, grant money that flows inco the Cencer goes to already well-established programs.

The faculty and library resources of fields like IR and EAS make them more attractive candidates for outside funding. Poorer programs like Latin American Studies (LAS) continue to depend on the Center's endowment for THB NEW JouRNAL 19

their survival. As the Center's outreach coordinator Brian Carter said, "It's like the Biblical injunction: To those that have more will be given more." A stronger program also encourages more students to enroll. "If I were a freshman," said Abigail Horn (CC '92), a LAS major, "I would probably look into International Studies as a major only because it's so much stronger."

Latin American Studies faces a crisis. A decade ago, LAS ranked among the most active councils at the Center, with a strong library collection, a large number of professors in the social sciences, and three full-time workers. Loss of funds and faculty have decimated the program. "Now all they have is an answering machine,"

ed fields like economics, political science, and history, the council has lost many government grants. Weak programs like LAS find themselves caught in a vicious circle: they cannot get money without faculty, and they cannot hire faculty without money. "It has occurred to me that LAS needs to be phased out in order to jolt 1he administration into making a commitment to it, " said Mary Miller, chair of LAS. "I don't see why we should grace the blue book with the illusion that we have it when we don't."

P :.:J

!

Latin Ammcan Studi~s major Abigail Horn has sun h~r program crumbk. said Shawn Smallman (GRD '94), who studies Latin American history.

Last year, Daniel James, an associate professor of history, left Yale for a tenured position at Duke University, leaving the department with no senior Latin American expert.

Without faculty in policy-orient2.0

THE NEW jOURNAL

rofessor Gaddis Smith, director of the Center, oversees an enormous number of people and programs, broadly organized under either a topical or a regional focus.

Topical studies include the undergraduate International Studies major and International Relations-a two-year M.A. program with a current enroiiment of 63 students. The seven Area Studies councils make up the Center's regional division. These include EAS, LAS, and SEES, which offer undergraduate majors, as well as African, Middle Eastern, Southeast Asian, and West European Studies. Last year, the Center and the councils sponsored 175 conferences, seminars, and lectures, hosted visiting scholars, published books and assisted research.

"The place is organized like the Holy Roman Empire of the 11 OOs," said Carter of the councils' divergent agendas, "with little fiefdoms and crosscutting allegiances."

Is Gaddis Smith, then, the Center's benevolent emperor? "Yes, but I don't h ave much to be benevolent with," h e said. Erratic funding has plagued the Center since the early 70s, when the Ford Foundation grants that helped create it ran out. Like international studies centers at other American universities, Yale's Center traces its origins back to the early 60s, when global political and social

changes triggered a flood of funds from foundations and government into universities.

Money went to graduate fellowships, retraining faculty to specialize in foreign issues, and the creation of international "centers" nationwide.

"In a panic, they created experts on every country in the world," said Kenneth Maxwell, a visiting lecturer in history. As foundations lose interest in global studies, the money dried up.

Is Gaddis Smith the Centers benevolent emperor?

The economic contractions of the 70s further prev~nted universities from hiring the new regional and international experts they had produced in the 60s.

When the Ford grants to Yale expired, the university nearly abolished councils without endowments.

After the director and the council chairs desperately lobbied the university, international and area studies continued at a near-subsistence level.

Yale's present financial contribution to the Center remains small. Sixty percent of the Center's funds come from its own endowment, 30 percent from assorted grants and only 10 percent from the universiry's General Appropriations budget.

"Yale University per se provides us with an office and pays for our telephone rental," says Barbara Munck, senior administrative assistant at African Studies.

W h ile some councils, notably EAS and SEES, found alternate sources of fUnding, others could not.

Wealthy constituencies and the government's political and economic interests in Russia, China, and Japan contributed to the success of EAS and SEES 1n landing grants. Latin OCTOBER 18, 1991

MAIN GARDEN America and Southeast Asia, in contrast, remain marginal foreign policy concerns and attract few wealthy philanthropists. "It's hard to get money from Larin America for Lati n America," sai<t Miller. James Scott, chair of Southeast Asian Studies, pointed out, "Th e reason why President Schmidt flies ro Hong Kong and Japan is because these are places with a big future. The reason why he's not going to Burma or T hailand is because there's no money there."

The precarious status of interdisciplinary fields further complicates the positio n of all the councils and programs at the Cen t er, not just LAS. Without faculty of their own, the councils d epend heavily on rhe hiring priorities of the actual d epartments.

"It's politics," said Smith, "trying ro persuade people that it's in their interest to hire more internationally minded faculty." So even though the Center does not depend o n Yale for funding, many students and faculty worry that budget cutbacks could rob the programs of their professors. "Yale calls it downsizing," one professor said. "But what's happening h ere is a purge

according to some intellectual view."

The university's faculty curs may contradict demands by a changing student body for a more international curriculum. Demographic c han ges and expanding multiculturalism have brought foreign cultures into modern education. "People are starting to feel that even if they don't' have a direct interest in ocher c ultures, they sho uld ," said Melanie Drogi n (BK '92), an EAS major. This fall, the Center's councils and programs guide 100 graduate sruden ts and over 60 undergraduate majors. East Asian Studies ranks as the tenth la rgest major in Yale College. "You're getting a much more diversified student body that demands-a nd rightly so-a mo re comprehensive view of what goes into the formation of the modern world," said Maxwell.

Carter sees the recent influx of funds as an indication of a more vigorous future fo r the Center. " International and area studies is a part ofYale that is grotesquely underdeveloped ," he said. " It's not that we're leaping ahead, it's that we're starting to catch up." Bur the new Luce Building will fulfill only the first step in the Center's program of development. Without sustained funding and persistent pressure, the university's historical indifference to world education may prevail. "International ~ and Area Studies are nor a very high . . . . priority at this university-they're like foster children, like an afterthought," said Scott.

As already strong programs benefit from new grants, the weaker o nes decay. Larin American Srudic:s may require a massive infusion of money and support from the university as well as from the Center. The question remains whether Yale values an international education enough to make that commitment. g

D~borah Davis' East Asian Studi~s

Jo~l Tesoro is a sophomo" in jonathan

council boasts famous faculty.

Edwards

OCTOBER 18, 1991

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Evangelicals: Faith at Yale julian Ku

((I

would prefer to see this cam pus primarily Christian-not for my sake, but for everyone's sake," said Sidd Puri (CC '93). "If students don't have any reason to live and can only derive pleasure from things like getting drunk, it's a terribly empty life." Puri, pitch of the Christian singing group Living Water, believes most Yale students suffer from an unfulftlled spiritual need.

Puri sees evangelical Christianity as an alternative to the non-religious lives he believes most students lead. Zealous religious beliefs and conservative social views alienate the evangelicals from the campus mainstream. Many have 2.2.

THE New JouRNAL

sought out Yale's tight-knit evangel ical community as a haven.

In recent years, the subculture of approximately 200 believers has become largely Asian-American, adding racial and cultural bonds to the evangelical community. This year Asian-Americans comprise 12 out of the 16 singers in Living Water. Puri worries that Living Water may come aero~.; as an all-Asian group. "I don't know why there are suddenly so many Asians involved," he said. "It's a recent phenomenon, just over the past three or four years. It's not a bad thing unless everyone begins to think we are an AsianOCTOBER 18, 1991

only group. We are not."

Living Water demonstrates the most dramatic change in racial makeup, with its increase from three to twelve Asian-American evangelical singers in two years. But other groups have experienced startling increases as well. Yale Christian Fellowship (YCF) has seen the Bible-study sessions that form the core of its activities grow from 30 percent Asian-American to over 50 percent. "Since I was a freshman, we've had a couple of Asian student leaders and the number of Asians has grown to more than half," said Toni Huang (ES '92), YCF's student leader. "I think Asians attract other Asians."

The racial composition of these groups raises questions about the relationship between evangelical Christianity and Asian-Americans. "Historically, many Asian-American immigrants were Christian converts," said Linda Yueh, comoderator of the Asian-American Students Association (AASA). Some speculate that Asians converted to Christianity in order to gain easier entrance into the United States. Once here, however, the immigrants continued to raise their families in accordance with their new-found religion. "Since families are so important in Asian-American culture, it is not unusual for children to be influenced by their parents and remain religious," said Yueh.

Beyond Yale's walls, Asian-American evangelism has sprouted at colleges nationwide. Campus Crusade for Christ (CCC), a national organization with a Yale chapter, sparks controversies at American universities with provocative posters and guest speakers. David Mahan, a Yale chaplain for CCC, says that chapters across the country have seen the numbers of Asian-Americans skyrocket in the past few years. Mahan welcomes. the influx. "It's exciting that 0crOBER 18, 1991

AsianAmerican communities are so open to and interested in following Christ. I think there is a greater spiritual interest among Asian-Americans than among your typical European-American groups."

Tennis star Michael Chang provides a visible example of evangelism among young Asian-Americans. In 1989, when Chang became the only American man in three decades to win the French Open, his first words of thanks were to "My Lord and Savior Jesus Christ."

Asian-American evangelicals at Yale express similarly strong feelings for God. "The Lord gave me a perspective," wrote Ruth Ku (CC '93) in the Fall 1991 issue of the Ya/~ Standard, a semi-annual evangelical magazine. "Now I cannot possibly run away from Him. Now, I owe Him my life." Such declarations of open faith seem out of place at a secular Yale.

However, evangelical Christians talk like this every day and put their words into practice. Students in YCF meet weekly to study the Bible with other Christians in their residential colleges. Through these groups evangelicals deepen their faith and learn to apply the Bible to their lives.

In the informal atmosphere of Bible study, evangelicals solidify their relationships with each other and with God. "'I tell you the truth, no one can see the kingdom of God unless he is born again'- What does Jesus mean here?" asked the leader of a recent YCF Morse-Stiles Bible-study group about a passage in John. In the circle of the evangeliTHE NEw jOURNAL

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cals, faith- and the assumption that the Bible is the literal word of Godreplaces the academic approach of a Religious Studies seminar. vangelicals' faith includes a missio n at Yale to spread the word of God. While Yale's evangelicals do not boast the charismatic

E

ber of the Co-op, angrily attacked the CCC table tents for their insensitivity.

Zalutsky worries that the table tents hurt religious people who struggle with their sexuality. "It upsets me that they believe such things. There are plenty of people who call themselves C hristian that accept homosexuality," Zalutsky said. "It's a fallacy that if I pray to God I

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call: 6-0658 All m eetings in TNJ office Calhoun College basement, enrryway F 24 THe NEw JouRNAL

style of televange lists like Oral Roberts, their proselytizing has antagonized several groups on campus. In recent years evangelicals have attacked d rinking and pre-marital sex as well as abortion and homosexuality.

CCC caused a stir last spring during Bisexual Gay and Lesbian Awareness Days (BGLAD). They blanketed dining halls with table tents quoting Biblical passages that decried homosexuality as a sin. "It was not a condemnation-we just wanted to show that there is more than just one perspective on this issue," Mahan said. "The evangelical Christians see BGLAD the same way they would see a National Adultery Week or a National Lying Week or a National Date-Rape Week."'

Despite their stated intentions, the CCC table tents sparked outrage from the Bisexual, Gay and Lesbian Co-operative. Sam Zalutsky (PC '92), a mem-

W~t Haven.

won't be gay. I'm gay and proud of it.

It's not something I can change."

Despite the intransigence of a secular community, evangelicals continue fighting to christianize Yale. Their confidence that the Gospel su persedes all other moralities leaves them at loggerheads with much of the university.

"People's attitudes on this campus are like this: ' Believe what you believe.

T hat's fine-just don't bother m e abou t it,' " said Michael Wang (ES '94), a member of CCC. "But we consider the Bible a truth that is absolute, not relative. It's as if we knew Hurricane Bob was coming and we wanted other people to know. If people don't want to hear, we still must tell them because the hurricane is still coming."

-

julian Ku, a sophomor~ in Davmport, is busin~ss manag" ofTNJOCTOBER 18, 1991

A Gallery Divided Kate Brewster

T

wo years after a bitter dispute exploded between the History of Art department and the Yale University Art Gallery (YUAG), the two trapezoidal slabs of steel at the heart of the controversy stand almost unnoticed in the University's Sculpture Hall. Only a tiny sign near the entrance to the Art GaJlery identifies them as a sculpture: "Stacks, 1990. Richard Serra." The 1989 commission of Stacks displaced the History of Art department's teaching collection of Renaissance and medieval sculptures and dramatically called to attention the Art Gallery's doub le function as a part of the

Curators saw the acquisition as Yale's ticket into the high-stakes modern art market.

Mary Gardn~r N~i/1 stands by th~ controvmiai Stacks.

OcrosER rl!, 1991

University and as an independent museum. While passions have cooled since then, the issues of scant space and competing missions still haunt the gallery.

The controversy began in May 1989, when plywood mockups appeared in the Sculpture Hall. They came as a shock to the History of Art faculty-the Gallery's directors had solicited the work without consulting the department. "The commission wasn't out of the oven, but it was cooked," said Professor George Hersey. Faculty complaints to the Art Gallery's director, Mary Gardner Neill, and President Schmidt spilled into the national press.

Articles in Art N~ws and the N~w York Tim~s highlighted the dispute. Neill eventually made a formal apology, but Serra's commission stood. .

While the apology calmed emotions, it did not create space for the teaching collection. Gallery curators proposed moving the older sculptures into the adjacent YUAG, but overcrowded conditions quickly put an end to the idea. Mter months of wrangling, the two sides agreed that the department could choose the most important works to remain in the Sculpture Hall. The Gallery THE

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Stacks. But I do think it's a slightly extravagant , gesture. of the Sculpture Hall. "Granted, it was not a happy solution," said Neill.

The debate urgently brought to light the Gallery's chronic overcrowding.

Aside from the Renaissance works now in storage, the space shortage claims other casualties. The Gallery keeps a valuable collection of 18th-century furniture in a basement on York Street. "Any other museum in the country would have it as a main-floor exhibition," said Hersey. erra (ART '64), who remained silent during the debate, was no stranger to confrontation. His Tilted Arc, a giant ribbon of steel designed for the Federal Plaza in Manhattan, had just been removed after a long battle with the building's employees, who hated the sculpture and demanded that the government restore the plaza as open space. Sasha Newman, curator of contemporary art for the YUAG, acknowledges that Yale commissioned the work as "a show of support" for one of the Art School's most respected alumni.

Curators also saw the acquisition as Yale's ticket into the high-stakes modern art market. The Gallery's Katherine Ordway Fund, which provides money for 19th- and 20th-century acquisitions, footed the bill.

While no one will disclose the exact

S

26 THE NEw JouRNAL

price tag, guesses range upward from $200,000. "We should be playing a vital role in contemporary art," said Neill. But the Gallery and the History of Art departments maintain different agendas. "I think maybe the Gallery wants to be New York City," said Professor Walter Cahn.

Stacks ce rtainly moves the Art Gallery in the direction of the provocative avant-garde. Like Tilted Arc, Stacks is ·a "site-specific" sculpture-Serra's contract forbids its display in any other location. The agreement further prohibits any "violation" of the 60-foot space between the trapezoids. In other words, Stacks occupies a total of 480 square feet of floor space and consumes most of the gallery-hard for History of Art faculry to overlook in their assessment of the work. "I've always liked Stacks," said Professor Vincent Scully. "It makes you feel the stretch of the space and the clarity of the vault. But I do think it's a slightly extravagant gesture."

Such reactions frustrate Sasha Newman, the curator of contemporary art who proposed the commission and passionately defends Stacks. "Th ere hasn't been enough detachment of the sculpture from the controversy," she said. "It was disappointing that after all the bad press

While no one will disclose the exact price tag, the guesse~ range upwardfrom $~00,000. there wasn't even a review. " Faculty members emphasize that it was not the work itself, but the Art Gallery's fumbling of the decision, that sparked their angry response. "It was OCTOBER 18, 1991

More than a tobacco store a very badly handled matter," said Professor Richard Barnhart, chair of the department at the t.ime. "The Sculpture Hall is my favorite room in the University, and Stacks destroyed that for me. It's not my space anymore. It's also not my decision."

No one in the department questions the Gallery's right to set its own priorities. "In the end, the Art Gallery decides what it wants to buy," said Barnhart. "It's there for that purpose." But faculty still resent the comp romise that scattered the teaching collection. "The major things are still there, and if you give students a flashlight, they can find them," said Cahn. He now sends students to New York if they want to see medieval art.

Barnhart, who initially feared that relations between the Art Gallery and the department would worsen dramatically, believes they have actually improved. Director Neill said she learned a lot from the ordeal. "I admit it was the way I went about making the decision," she said, adding that the Art Gallery now recognizes overcrowding as a problem.

"Indeed, we can expand," Neill said, "and we are looking at various possibilities that would probably entail a new building." But so lutions still seem years away.

Meanwhile, the sculpture that Neill calls "one of our major works" languishes alone most of the time.

"From the point of view of attracting people to visit the space, Stacks is a failure," said Professor C reighton Gilbert. The Gallery hopes more people will venture in when it opens the adjoining space and adds more signs. "It's not that we're embarrassed by it," said Neill. "We are planning to do an engraved pewter plaque."

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Kau Br~wsur is a junior in Silliman Coil~g~.

OcroaER 18, 1991

THE NEW jOURNAL

27

BETWEEN THE VINES - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Rude Awakening j ay Porter

or years I dreamed of arriving at Yale as a freshman. I imagined ivy climbing the walls of gothic towers, venerable statues cloaked in the green patina of age, and library shelves holding millions of books. Names like "The Whiffenpoofs" and "Skull and Bones" echoed in my ears as I envisioned three centuries of privilege and tradition. I relished the stability and substance that I expected Yale to offer.

It's not hard to imagine my shock when I finally arrived on campus to see students hawking T-shirts that mourned "The Death of the Commons Tradition." Suddenly budget deficits and administrative politics invaded my academic dream-world. Everyone bemoaned the decline ofYale while I struggled simply to find the language lab.

Like any public school student of the 1980s, I have seen the fiscal axe fall. I know how hard it is to reconcile unlimited wants and limited resources. Perhaps I had dung tightly to the illusion of Yale's financial invulnerability because of the price tag attached to it. My parents certainly shared this delusion; they couldn't understand how a school that costs $22,200 a year could suffer from financial prob-

F

28 THE NEw JouRNAL

lems. Of course, the issue is more complex than that, but their response made me wonder about Yale's financial prior.:. ities. Suffice to say, if the current round of budget talks had been a French duel, the administration would have turned and fired after only three paces. Of course, my experience could have been worse. I could be a varsity wrestler suing Yale to reinstate the team that recruited me, or a Philosophy major in a department that barely exists. As things turned out, the Commons closure was probably a good lesson for freshmen, one of those bumps in the road that parents call "life's little disappointments."

Most importantly, the surprises of my first few weeks have opened my eyes to a world beneath Yale's "Bright College Years" surface. Like the steam tunnels that run beneath Yale's streets, an underground network of rumors, whispers, and allegations snake through the freshmen class about the administration's plans for the future. Any conversation about Yale inevitably turns to one scandal or another.

J ust as I had begun to cope with minor changes like the Commons closure, I found out that departments like Women's Studies and African-American Studies are crumOcroBER 18, 1991

bling under administrative neglect. Then I heard that even the study of philosophy at Yale is in danger of dying out.

These important issues strike at the heart of the university-"The Death of a Dining Tradition" pales in comparison. And the demise of departments is just the beginning; if you keep your ears open, the rumors will burn them off. I

Someone told me that Benno has a mysterious aide with a checkered past. Does he break kneecaps? Does he secretly run the university with Benno as his witless puppet? Who knows? have heard positively salacious gossip about shadowy endowment deals and special professorships. Someone told me that Benno has a mysterious aide with a checkered past.

OCTOBER 18, 1991

Does he break kneecaps? Does he secretly run the university with Benno as his witless puppet? Who knows?

Such stories may sound funny to veteran Yalies, but they confuse, frustrate, and deeply disappoint freshmen with no point of reference. At this point, I'll believe anything I hear about the Yale administration. Where they are concerned, truth is stranger than fiction, at least from my "fresh" point of view. Case in point: I expected a punchline when a junior told me that the same Benno Schmidt who now serves as dart-board fodder was the Beloved Beermeister of Berkeley just a few short months ago. As the Yale Police prepared to end the flow of suds at a courtyard party, Benno appeared (on a white horse?) to ,play some tunes with Quick Brown Fox. While the partiers chanted " Benno! Benno!" our president took a swig of a student's beer-without asking to see his drinking card first. For God, for country, and for self-aggrandizement.

Perhaps that incident shows the full extent of Benno's .concern for undergraduates; on the other hand, Yale College Dean Donald Kagan wants to invade every aspect of our lives. While Benno partied last spring, Don launched THÂŁ NEW jOUJtNAL 2.9

action between professor and student is more like "mutual massage" than the grand ideological struggle of his own school days. Of course, although he finds so much wrong with Yale, Kagan addressed his concerns not to the Yale community but to a convention of like-minded scholars (read: embattled reactionary relics). He lacked the good sense to make his criticism constructive and the courage to present his views to the faculty. Instead, he jetted off to the convention and proceeded to slander Yale, its professors and its students. I always thought the administration existed to glue the university together, not to tear it apart.

At some point all these incidents lose their humor. Quirky style and although he didn't succeed in remov- shady dealings belong in a David Lynch movie, not at Yale. A college ing them from the Co-op's shelves, he did earn a mocking soundbite on president or dean should command CNN Headline News. I had just respect and provide vigorous leaderaccepted Yale's offer of admission ship. After having spent a few weeks when I saw it on TV. I should have here, I haven't seen anyone in the seen the fluorescent writing on the administration who fits that definiwall. tion. I don't expect a president to be I'm glad that our administration universally popular and free of controprovides comic relief in the midst of versy, but Yale needs someone who has the tragedies they visit upon us. But earned the community's respect-real respect, not the kind earned at keg underneath the humor lurk worrisome parties-to lead us through budget administrative woes. About the same time that Kagan waged the highlighter cuts and other difficult problems with wars, he spoke to the ultra-conserva- a modicum of dignity. tive National Association of Scholars, Many people already have written in which he used Yale as a straw horse off the current administration as hopeto attack the flaws of academic life. In less. Some say that Yale has lost sight one of the more offensive passages, of its venerable traditions and academic goals and aimlessly drifrs anywhere Kagan declared that since everyone here is so darn liberal, classroom inter- but up. Perhaps they exaggerate, but while I go to my capped class, eat din: ner in my college, and rush out of the prematurely closing library, I worry :2; about the future. If Yale's reputation ~ for excellence falls victim to laughable lteadership, crumbling faculty rela:: tions, ruthless budget cuts and embitJ'i cered students, who will want to come here? Not the caliber of student that the vigorous academic life of Yale demands, and not the professors we have come to expect. a holy crusade in the name of academia-against highlighters. To Kagan, those must-haves of college life actually act as tools of intellectual subversion, reducing a writer's life work to a series of random facts. No lie. Dean Kagan had it in for highlighters, and

Yale students cannot allow such a decline. One way or another, we must pull Yale out of this downward spiral of sad fact and rampant fiction. We have to channel our complaints about Commons and other controversies

Who cares where we eat, as long as it's in a great

university? I worry more about our administration's lack ofvision.

l i'

30 THE

New JouRNAL

into a realistic discourse on how to cure the problems facing Yale. Who cares where we eat, as long as it's in a great university? I worry more about our administration's lack of vision. I would have felt silly demonstrating against the Commons closure, but I'll be there on Benno's lawn when a more serious budget cut rolls around, and I hope I won't be alone. If the administration needs a strong vision for Yale, we students can provide one-even freshmen. Departments shouldn't disintegrate, administrators shouldn't snipe at faculty, and budget cuts shouldn't destroy the quality of student life.

But if the administration disagrees, Kagan can tilt with liberal windmills until he destroys everything but his beloved "Common Studies."

And Benno can just keep on playing the role of postmodern Nero.

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jay Porur is a ft~shman in Davmport Co/kg~.

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