NEETI SHIKSHA VA PRAGYA (WISDOM)

Research Paper

Education

E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 2 | Issue : 12 | Dec 2016

NEETI SHIKSHA VA PRAGYA (WISDOM)

Ukhfr f'k{kk o izKk ¼foTMe½ Priyanka Thakkar Ph.D. Student, J.J.T. University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India.

ABSTRACT fo'oO;kih vkradokn] 'kL=hdj.k] ekj&dkV] fgalk] Hkz"Vkpkj] vehjh&xjhch ds e/; vlá pkSM+h [kk;h] csjkstxkjh vkfn leL;kvksa dh tM+ tkuus] bu leL;kvksa dks lekIr djus o fQj ls mRiUu ugha gksus ds mik; tkuus] xka/kh dh uhfr f'k{kk dk vFkZ o orZeku esa bldh mi;ksfxrk tkuus] xsjk ¼th-bZ-vkj-,-½ dh bUnkSj Vhe }kjk izks- ch- ds- iklh ds fnXn'kZu esa fodflr izKk ¼foTMe½ ds pkj LrEHk ¼fiylZ½ dk vFkZ tkuus] rFkk xka/kh }kjk lq>k;h x;h uhfr f'k{kk vkSj izKk ds mDr pkj fiylZ@LrEHk esa lekurk Kkr djus gsrq ;g 'kks/k dk;Z fd;k x;k gSA 'kks/k fof/k nk'kZfud o xq.kkRed gSA 'kksf/kdk us ik;k fd orZeku leL;kxzLr fo'o ds fy;s uhfr f'k{kk dk vuqiz;ksx fd;k tkuk fugk;r vko';d gSA xsjk dh bUnkSj Vhe }kjk foTMe ¼izKk½ ds mDr pkj LrEHk cgqr lh mu ckrksa dks lekfgr djrs gSa tks fd xka/kh dh uhfr f'k{kk esa gS] vkSj foTMe ¼izKk½ ds ;s pkj LrEHkks ds f'k{kk fn;s tkus ds fy;s ennxkj le>s tkrs gSa rFkk bu ij Hkkoh 'kks/k fd;s tkus dks mi;qDr ik;k x;kA D;k\ fo'oO;kih vkradokn] 'kL=hdj.k] ekj&dkV] fgalk] Hkz"Vkpkj] vehjh&xjhch ds e/; vlá pkSM+h [kk;h] csjkstxkjh vkfn leL;kvksa ls lHkh ijs'kku gSaA ekuork ds LFkku ij gj txg i'kqRo –f"Vxkspj gSA gj xfrfof/k dsfUnzr gS fd dSls /ku o lEink vftZr dh tk;sA gj ek¡&cki cPps dks ekuo cukus esa bPNqd u gksdj] mudks MkWDVj] bUthfu;j] O;olk;h] odhy vkfn iSls dekus dh f'k{kk fnykus esa gh O;Lr gSA lHkh esa ,d nwljksa dk 'kks"k.k djus dh izo`fÙk gSA fo'o ds fxus&pqus yksx fo'o ds vf/kdka'k /ku ij dCtk fd;s gq;s gSa] vkSj nwljs lHkh mu tSlk cuus dh bPNk j[krs gSaA D;k f'k{kk bu leL;kvksa dks nwj djus esa lQy@leFkZ ugha gS\ ;fn leFkZ gS] rks ;s leL;k;sa D;ksa mRiUu gqbZ\ f'k{kk fo'o Hkj esa nh tk jgh gS] rks leL;k mRiUu gksus dk dkj.k D;k f'k{kk ds uke dk] xq.k dk o fo'ks"krkvksa dk nq#i;ksx gksuk ugha gS\ D;k dkj.k gSa] bu fLFkfr;ksa ds\ D;k gy gS bu leL;kvksa ls eqfDr ikus dk\

ls vk/kqfud lekt dh çxfr le>h tkrh gSA vk/kqfud yksx ekurs gSa fd ikjaifjd çKk vk/kqfud çxfr esa ck/kd gS vkSj bu ck/kkvksa dks nwj djus ds mik; crkrs gSa%& ijaijkxr laL—fr feVkuk( Kku ç.kkyh feVkuk( fiNM+ksa o vcks/k dks muds vius foeq[k rjg ls f'kf{kr gksus o thus ds fy, NksM+ nsukA vk/kqfud f'k{kk ç.kkyh esa LFkkuh; cqf)eku O;fä;ksa] foosdh@ Kkuiw.kZ Hkk"kkvksa] cqf)eÙkkiw.kZ jhfr;ksa] vkSipkfjd@ vukSipkfjd Ldwyh laLFkkvksa ds <kaps ls tkucw>dj ckgj j[kh xbZ Hkkjrh; ckSf)d laLFkkvksa dks dksbZ LFkku ugha gS( vkSj budk dksbZ vknj ugha gSA vk/kqfud f'k{kk ç.kkyh }kjk vkt dh fons'kh f'k{kk i)fr;ksa dks vk;kfrr dj o Fkksidj u"V fd;k tk jgk gSA eSdkys us laL—r vkSj vjch Hkk"kk dks foosd'kwU; bfrgkl] foosd 'kwU; rRo foKku] foosd 'kwU; HkkSfrdh] vkSj foosd 'kwU; /keZ 'kkL= dgk FkkA ;'kiky çfrosnu ds vuqlkj Hkkjr ds Ldwyksa esa cgqr vf/kd i<+k;k tkrk gS] fdarq lh[kk FkksM+k gh tkrk gS ;k le>k FkksM+k gh tkrk gSA¼czks'qkj( xsjk dh 5oha fo'o lHkk] 2016½

D;ksa\ efLr"d dks ç—fr dh lgk;rk djus o blds dk;Z dks laiknu djus dh Hkw[k gSA lh[kuk thou ds LokHkkfod fodkl dk ,d Hkkx gSA lh[kus dk mís'; gS] cPpksa esa ç—fr ds lkFk ,dkRedrk@ v[kaMrk ds Hkko dh cqfu;kn j[kukA vius ikl&iM+ksl@ ifjos'k ls cPps dks voxr@ ifjfpr@ tkx:d gksuk pkfg, ¼tSls] bnZ&fxnZ ds isM+] i{kh o i'kq½A fnekx eg:e@ oafpr gksrk gS] ;fn ckgjh txr ls mnklhu@ fojä gksA vktdy lh[kus ds fy, fdrkcksa ij dsafær jgrs gSaA bnZ&fxnZ@ ikl&iM+ksl ifjos'k esa fu%'kqYd o lgt miyC/k Kku dh mis{kk djrs gSaA çR;sd fnol ubZ&ubZ leL;k,a mRiUu gksrh gS vkSj yksx muds gy dks <wa<us esa O;Lr gks tkrs gSa] fdarq ;g lkspus dh tger eksy ugha ysrs gSa fd ;g leL;k,a D;ksa o dSls mRiUu gksrh gSaA leL;k dh tM+&ewy dkj.k ds ckjs esa lksprs ugha gSaA ;fn leL;k@ chekjh ds dkj.k dks igpku fy;k tk, vkSj gVk fn;k tk,] rks leL;k dHkh mRiUu gh ugha gksaxhA çk—frd lalk/kuksa dk laj{k.k fd, fcuk mudk nksgu fd;k tkrk gSA

dSls\ f'k{kk esa Økafr] lexz Økafr] dh vko';drk gSA fo|eku f'k{k.k <k¡ps dks [kRe dj mUgsa iqu% cukus dh vko';drk gSA ,d Li"V o fuf'pr fopkj cuk, tkus dh vko';drk gS tksfd ekuo dks thou ds ewY; dks eglwl djkus esa lgk;d gks( tksfd ;g crk;s fd dSlh f'k{kk ç.kkyh dk ç;ksx djsa tks fo'o dks vf/kdre laHko çxfr djus esa lgk;d gksA Økafr esa 'kkfey gS% O;fäxr] lkekftd] oSf'od] i;kZoj.kh; vkfn thou dh leL;kvksa dks le>uk] mudk vkykspukRed v/;;u djds muds laHkkfor gy lq>kuk( muds gy djus ds dk;Z o uhfr;ksa dks lq>kuk( muds gy djus ds jktuhfrd dk;ZØe rFkk thou n'kZu dks çLrqr djukA bl çdkj 'kSf{kd dk;Z ,d çdkj ukxfjd o lkekftd lsok gS] vkSj bl dkj.k ;g mfpr gS fd f'k{kk çnk;d o fo/kk;d turk dks Mk;ykWx@ okrkZ o foosd ds }kjk f'k{kk çnku djsa( u fd flQZ turk dk v/;;u djsaA bl çdkj f'k{k.k laLFkk,a vf/kd Qyçn] lgkuqHkwfriw.kZ] lkekU; tu dsafær o O;ogkfjd gksaxh vkSj vkfFkZd :i ls vf/kd çHkkoh gksaxhA¼czks'qkj( xsjk dh 5oha fo'o lHkk] 2016½

orZeku esa mRiUu gksus okyh leL;kvksa o ladVksa ij utj Mkys rks fofnr gksrk gS fd ladV dk ewy dkj.k izKk ¼foTMe½ fcuk foKku gSA foKku Kku vkSj vf/kd Kku rd lhfer gSA ladV dk dkj.k gS fd lkekftd foKku dks i<+krs gSa] fdarq lkekftd n'kZu ugha i<+krs( rduhdh Kku dks ckaVrs gSa] fdarq ekuork ugha( lqfo/kkvksa o vf/kdkj dk Kku rks çkIr fd;k tkrk gS] fdarq mÙkjnkf;Ro dk ughaA lekt esa çKk çkfIr dh xfr ls vf/kd xfr ls foKku }kjk Kku çkIr fd;k tkuk [krjukd gSA vk/kqfud lekt gkbZVsd ¼mPp çkS|ksfxdh½ rRdky Lo&larqf"V o Lo&vkuan çkIr djus dk lekt gSA bl izdkj ds lekt ds ikl çKk ds fy, dksbZ le; ugha gSA u, miHkksäk cktkj o vfu;af=r equkQk] ijek.kq gfFk;kj] ekuo çfr:i.k] varfj{k nwjn'kZu] çnwf"kr dkj[kkus] if'peh miHkksx o viO;; Lrj] O;ogkj esa Hkz"Vkpkj vkfn

izks- ch- ds- iklh ds ekxZn'kZu esa laokn ¼Mk;ykWx½ fof/k ls mRiUu foTMe ¼;k çKk½ dh çkfIr gsrq vko';d pkj fiylZ ¼LrEHk½ xsjk ¼th-bZ-vkj-,-½ dh bankSj Vhe usa çksQslj ch ds iklh ds vxqokbZ esa laokn ¼Mk;ykWx½ fof/k ls okLrfod Kku vFkkZr~ ¼foTMe ;k çKk½ ds çkfIr gsrq çR;sd O;fä esa pkj fo'ks"krkvksa dk vkSj leLr pkjksa dk ,d lkFk gksuk vifjgk;Z ik;k gSA vkSj pkjksa fo'ks"krkvksa dks cPpksa vkSj yksxksa esa cuk, tkus dh f'k{kk nsus@ fl[kkus dk lq>ko fn;k gSA D;ksafd bu pkj fo'ks"k ckrksa dks lh[ks yksxksa ds leqnk; esa fo'o esa O;kIr vokaWfNr leL;k,a mRiUu ugha gks ldrh gSaA ;g pkj fo'ks"krk,aW] ftUgsa çKk@ foTMe ds pkj LraHk@ fiylZ ls Hkh lacksf/kr fd;k x;k gS] bl çdkj gSa% d#.kk ¼dEiS'ku½] vgadkj&foghurk ¼bxksyslusl½] çk—frd leUo; ¼uspqjy cSysal½ rFkk Kku L=ksr ¼dUosUlUl vkWQ ukWyst½A bu dk laf{kIr o.kZu fuEu gSA

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International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]

86

Research Paper

E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 2 | Issue : 12 | Dec 2016

d#.kk ¼dEiS'ku½% d#.kk dk vFkZ gS] nwljksa ds nq%[k esa 'kkfey gksuk vkSj mudks nq%[kksa@ ihM+k ls eqfä fnykus gsrq yxukA

o vHk;A blh ds vUrxZr xka/kh }kjk lq>k;s x;s czáp;Z] Lons'kh o loZ/keZ leHkko uked fu;e dks Hkh le>k tkrk gSA ¼3½ vLokn] ¼4½ tkr&esgurA

vgadkj&foghurk ¼bxksyslusl½% vgadkj dk vFkZ gS] O;fä esa ^^eSa** dk Hkko mRiUu gksukA vgadkj ds dkj.k O;fä dk;Z djus dks m|r gksrk gSA vgadkj O;fä dks Lo&dsafær djrk gSA vr% O;fä esa ^^eSa** dh Hkkouk u gksus o mldk Lo&dsafær u gksus dh fLFkfr dks vgadkj&foghurk dgrs gSaA

bu fu;eksa ds ikyu dk vFkZ gS fd O;fDr ln~~O;ogkj djus okyk] lnkpkj djus okyk] ln~~fopkj djus okyk] lkglh] d"V lgu'khy] la;eh] lcls iwjk dk iwjk izse djus okyk] lcdks leku o vius tSlk ,d gh vukfn'kfDr ls mRiUu O;fDr ekuusokyk] Ik'kqcy ds ctk; vkRecy dks igpkudj thou esa mi;ksx djus okyk] nwljksa ds fy;s vkRecfy nsus okyk] vukfn'kfDr ij HkzÌk j[kus okyk] }s"kjfgr] ?k``.kkjfgr] tho&futhZo dh lsok dks vius thou dk ,dek= /;s; le>us okyk] desZfUnz;ksa o KkusfUnz;ksa o eu dks o'k esa j[kus okyk] /kS;Z;qDr] {kek'khy] bPNkvksa dks U;wure&ls&U;wure djus okyk] mRlkg o meaxksa ij dkcw j[kus okyk la;eh gksrk gSA

çk—frd leUo; ¼uspqjy cSysal½% O;fä dks çk—frd leUo; dh fLFkfr esa rc dgk tkrk gS] tc og nq%[k] g"kZ] Øks/k bR;kfn dks dkcw esa j[ksA Kku L=ksr ¼dUosa'kUl vkWQ ukWyst½% Kku dk vFkZ ek= lwpukvksa ds ,d=.k dk( rF;ksa ds ,d=.k dk( fdlh fo'ks"k fo"k; ds Kku dk ¼tSls] xf.kr] foKku] daI;wVj lkbal] bathfu;fjax] fpfdRlk 'kkL=] dkuwu] okgu pkyu] vkfn½( LFkkuksa dh lwpukvksa dk( bfrgkl] ukxfjd'kkL=] vFkZ'kkL=] jktuhfr'kkL= dks tkuus dk( fdUgha leL;kvksa@ ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls voxr gksus vkfn ls ugha gSA Kku dk okLrfod vFkZ gS] çKk çkfIrA ;g vkSipkfjd ¼QkWeZy½] vukSipkfjd ¼buQkWeZy½] vkSipkfjdsÙkj ¼ukWu&QkWeZy½ rhuksa rjg ds fefJr rjhdksa ls çkIr gksrh gSA izKk ¼foTMe½ izkfIr dh lkoZdkfyd] lkoZHkkSfed o izkphu fof/k ekuo dk lcls igyk QtZ gS fd og Lo;a dks le>s vkSj bl çdkj çFke o lPpk Kku çkIr djsA ekuo dks ;g ckr ekuuh o tkuuh pkfg, fd mldk 'kjhj gS vkSj bl 'kjhj ds }kjk gh leLr dk;Z o fopkj vkfn laiUu gksrs gSaA 'kjhj dks {ks= vkSj bl 'kjhj dks rRo:is.k tkuus okys dks {ks=K dgrs gSaA rks {ks= vkSj {ks=K dk Kku gh okLrfod o dkjxj Kku gSA O;fä dks ;g Kku gksuk pkfg, fd bl 'kjhj esa gS D;kA 'kjhj esa gSa%& ¼1½ vfXu] ty] Fky] ok;q o vkdk'k uked ik¡p egkrRo@ inkFkZ ;k egkHkwrA ;g ik¡p egkrRo vusd vuqikr bR;kfn ls feydj vusd mirRo@ miinkFkZ vkfn cukrs gSa vkSj txr esa gksrs gSaA ¼2½ vgadkj] ¼3½ cqf) ¼fopkj'khyrk] rdZ½ ¼4½ ç—fr dk vO;ä igyw] ¼5½ deZ djus ds lk/ku :i esa ik¡p desaZfæ;ka ¼gkFk] iSj] ok.kh] miLFk o xqnk½ rFkk ik¡p vuqHko xzg.k djus okyh bafæ;ka] Kkusafæ;ka ¼dku] ukd] us=] Ropk o jluk½] ¼6+½ eu] ¼7½ bafæ;ksa ds }kjk vuqHko gksus okyh ikap ckrsa ¼:i] jl] xa/k] Li'kZ] o /ofu½] ¼8½ bPNk ¼dkeuk o okluk½] ¼9½ }s"k ¼Øks/k½] ¼10½ lq[k] ¼11½ nq%[k] ¼12½ la|kr ¼vusd [kaMks dk ;ksx½] ¼13½ psruk ¼cqf)eÙkk½] ¼14½ /k``fr rFkk ¼15½ 'kkS;Z ¼bPNk'kfä½A bl çdkj leLr oLrqxr czãkaM {ks= gS ftlesa ge viuk eu] 'kjhj] baæh;&ra= lc dqN lfEefyr djrs gSa vkSj bu lc ls vyx dsoy 'kq) pSrU; gS] fo'kq) psruk ;k cqf)eÙkk] tks fd czãkaM ds dsaæ esa fLFkr gSA ¼13@1 ls 13@6( Hkxon~~xhrk½ 'kjhj o bafæ;ksa dh mRifÙk esa ç—fr dkj.k gS rFkk lq[k&nq%[k vkfn ds vuqHko esa iq#"k dkj.k gSA iq#"k] tks ç—fr esa fLFkr gS] ç—fr ds xq.kksa dk vuqHko djrk gS rFkk 'kqHk o v'kqHk xHkkZ'k;ksa esa mlds tUe dk dkj.k mldh xq.kksa ds çfr vklfä gSA mijksä Kku fuEu ds }kjk çkIr gksrk gS%& ¼1½ fouezrk] ¼2½ nEHkghurk] ¼3½ vfgalk] ¼4½ lgu'khyrk] ¼5½ ljyrk] ¼6½ xq#lsok] ¼7½ 'kqf)] ¼8½ fLFkjrk] ¼9½ vkRefu;a=.k] ¼10½ bafæ;ksa ds fo"k;ksa ds çfr vR;f/kd vklfä dk R;kx] ¼11½ vgadkj dk vkHkko] ¼12½ tUe] e`R;q] o`)koLFkk] jksx o 'kksd ds nks"kksa ij fparu@ fopkj] ¼13½ vuklfä] ¼14½ iq=] iRuh] ?kj o vU; ds lkFk Lo;a dh igpku u djuk] ¼15½ fç; o vfiz; ?kfVr gksus ij le cqf) j[kuk] ¼16½ vi``FkdRo ds ;ksx }kjk vukfn 'kfä ¼lR;@ bZ'oj@ [kqnk vkfn½ ds çfr vuU;Hkfä j[kuk] ¼17½ ,dkar LFkkuksa ds çfr >qdko] ¼18½ L=h&iq#"kksa ds lekt ls fujarj tqM+s jgus ds çfr v#fp j[kuk] ¼19½ vk/;kfRed Kku ds çfr fujarj euksfu;ksx j[kuk] rFkk ¼20½ okLrfod Kku dk ç;kstu le>ukA buds fcuk tks çkIr gks] oks Kku ugha cfYd vKku gSA ¼13@7 ls 13@11( Hkxon~~xhrk½ mDr çdkj ds Kku gkfly gksus ds ckn gh O;fä çKk ¼foTMe½ çkIr djus dh vksj vxzlj gksrk gS] vkSj çKk çkfIr ds ckn gh çKkoku dgykrk gSA izKk ¼foTMe½ izkfIr esa lgk;d xka/kh dh uhfr f'k{kk Xkka/kh us viuh fgUn Lojkt iqLrd ds v/;k;&18 esa f'k{kk uked v/;k; esa gj ,d dks uhfr f'k{kk fn;s tkus dh vifjgk;Z vko';drk tkfgj dh FkhA uhfr dk vFkZ lR; dks igpkuus] tkuus] ekuus o bldks izkIr djus ds ekxZ ij pyrs jgus ls gSA lR; dk vFkZ l``f"V ls] l``f"V fuekZrk ls o l``f"V ifjpkyu ds fu;eksa ls gSA lR; gh bZZ'oj] [kqnk vkfn gSA lR; ds ekxZ ij pyus gsrq dqN izeq[k vkpj.k crk;s gSaA ;s vkpj.k ;k fu;e bl izdkj gSa%& ¼1½ vfgalk] ;kfu loZO;kih o lkoZdkfyd tho&futhZo ls izseA blesa vNwriu feVkuk rFkk uezrk fufgr gSaA ¼2½ lR; ls fudyrs gSa fu;e% vLrs;] vifjxzg

87

fu"d"kZ bl 'kks/k ls fu"d"kZ ;g fudyrk gS fd orZeku esa xka/kh dh n``f"V dh uhfr f'k{kk dks fn;k tkuk vko';d gh ugha cfYd vifjgk;Z gSA bls O;fDr okLrfod Kkuh] izKkoku] deZ&Kku&HkfDr;ksxh cusxkA bl izdkj dh f'k{kk ls orZeku esa QSyh leL;kvksa dk vUr gksxk vkSj ,slh leL;kvksa dh vkxs mRiUu gksus dh lEHkouk Hkh ugha jgsxhA izksch- ds- iklh ds fnXn'kZu esa xsjk ¼th-bZ-vkj-,-½ laLFkk dh bUnkSj Vhe esa tks izKk ¼foTMe½ ds pkj LRkEHk@fiylZ lq>k;s gSa] oks xka/kh }kjk izLrkfor uhfr f'k{kk ls mRiUu gksus okys vusd Qk;nksa dks nsus okys gSaA gkaykWfd foTMe ¼izKk½ ds mDr fiylZ dh la[;k pkj gks ;k dqN vkSj] ds ckjs esa 'kks/k fd;s tkus dh vko';drk gSA bl ckr ij Hkh 'kks/k fd;k tkuk mfpr le>k tkrk gS fd foTMe ¼izKk½ ds mDr pkj] ;k vU; la[;k esa] fiylZ@LrEHk esa D;k 'xq.k ;k foks"krk;sa vkfn fufgr gksaxhA vkHkkj%& 'kks/kkFkhZ izks- ch- ds- iklh o MkW- lqHkkf"kuh iklh }kjk fn;s x;s mRlkg] fnXn'kZu] lykg o Lusg ds izfr vkHkkj rks ekurh gh gS] lkFk esa muds izfr Lo;a dks _.kh ekurh gSA lUnHkZ%& 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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Thakkar, Priyanka (2015). Lack of Evaluation of Effectiveness of Teachers of Disabled and Non-disabled Children in India. The International Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol..4, No.2, February, pp.1-13; ISSN 2320-4702.

Thakkar, Priyanka (2015). MANDATORY EDUCATION INVARIABLY REQUIRES ENCYCLOPEDIC EDUCATION SYSTEM AND GOVERNMENT LEADERSHIP REVOLUTIONIZING IT. Research Link, 132A(2), Vol-XIV(1), March 2015, [ISSN0973-1628 (An International, Registered & Referred Monthly Journal)].

Thakkar, Priyanka (2015). Swachh Bharat [clean india] Mission – an analytical study.

National Conference on “Challenges & Opportunities towards Clean & Green India”, JJTU University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan-12-14 March 2015.

Thakkar, Priyanka (2016). ‘Hind Swaraj’ ke ‘Shiksha’Addhyay va ‘Mangal Prabhat’ ke pariprekshya me ‘NEETI SIKSHA’ sankalpana va uska samadhan: Gunatmak va Darshnik Addhyan. Ph.D. Thesis Submitted in Oct-2016: J.J.T. University, Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan; India).

International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]