Think Grain Think Feed - April 2016

Price: 75/-

Volume 2 | Issue 6 April-2016

EDITORIAL Monthly Magazine for Feed Technology Published by BENISON Media SCO 27, 2nd Floor, Mugal Canal Market Karnal - 132001 (Haryana) Tel: +91 184 4036770 info@benisonmedia.com

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 6 | April 2016

T

wo years of continuous draft situation in several parts of India has produced

severe crisis in agricultural production

system. India supports 15 percent of the world's human population, but has only 4 percent of the world's water resources.

According to Economic Survey 2016, 60 percent

Publisher & Editor

of our cultivable land is rainfed. Daily, we are getting the news about

Prachi Arora prachi.a@benisonmedia.com

suicide committed by our farmers, primarily due to the failure of rains, leading to failure of their crops, and drowning them in deep debt. In fact According to Central Water Commission, the most deficient basin

Managing Editor

is of the Krishna, catering to Karnataka, Maharashtra and Andhra

Dr. T.K. Walli Former Head, Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI

Predesh.

It is a known fact that those farmers engaged in sustainable livestock production have lesser chances of committing suicides. Firstly, animal

Business Head Vinod Kumar Saini info@benisonmedia.com

husbandry as such is not directly dependant up on rains. But the more imposing favourable situation in keeping livestock is, the initiative which is coming from the increasing demand for foods of animal origin, due to migration of population from rural to urban areas and

Designing & Marketing

increasing incomes and thus, increasing buying power.

Ashwani Verma ashwani.v@benisonmedia.com

Water does play its role directly in the cultivation of fodder crops for ruminants and other livestock. Apart from water shortage, we don't have enough land available for fodder cultivation. Only 4 percent of

Circulation & Subscription Head

the cultivable land in India is devoted to fodder production. And on

Sunny Kamboj subscribe@benisonmedia.com

the top of it, the non availability of good quality fodder seeds, adds fuel to the fodder crisis. Again for the feed manufacture also one has to depend up on grains, grain by products and oil seed cakes, so

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

indirectly feed manufacture is also related to agricultural production.

Dr. Dinesh T. Bhosale Former Chairman, CLFMA of India

Failure of grain as well as oilseed crops, has an adverse effect on the availability and prices of feed ingredients. Today, India is no longer

Mr. Amit Sachdev Indian Representative, US Grain Council

entirely self sufficient in food grains, oilseeds and pulses. Corn, soya

Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand US Soybean Export Council

agricultural productivity can be increased without adequate water

meal, pulses, sugar and wheat are imported. There is no way by which

supply. On one hand there is a need to enhance the agricultural Dr. Suhas Amrutkar Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition, MAFSU, Parbhani Dr. SN Mohanty Former Principal Scientist, CIFA Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta Agricultural Economist Dr. Swamy Haladi Feed Additive Expert Dr. R Gnana Sekar Lead Consultant, GS Dairy Farm Consulting

production, using newer technologies, including the cultivation of GM crops. On the other hand sufficient food grains, pulses and oilseeds as such (just like China) shall have be imported to meet the requirements of huge human as well as livestock population. That is definitely the right approach to keep the growth of our feed industry healthy and on a fast tract, in order to meet the growing nutrient requirement of our livestock and poultry and to meet the protein needs of our ever growing human population. However, the latest good news is from the Met office, which has predicted more than 100 % monsoon this year. That is definitely providing the silver lining, and hopefully, the

Dr. Suraj Amrutkar Assistant Professor, Dept. of ILFC, SKUAST-J, Jammu

prediction comes true.

T.K. Walli www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in www.benisonmedia.com

Monthly Magazine for Feed & Feed Technology

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 6 | April 2016

Vollume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

Contents RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

MARKET PROJECTIONS

05 Camelina - next option for poultry feed INDUSTRY THOUGHTS 08 Animal Protein - Meeting its Requirement for the Growing Human Population ARTICLE

10 Impact on prices after Maize arrivals in Bihar INTERVIEW

16 Interview with Dr. Dinesh Bhosale, AB Vista PELLETING TIPS

12 Problems in fodder seed production in India

18 Role of Moisture Control in Feed Processing

20 Poultry Performance at sub-toxic concentrations of Mycotoxins

INDUSTRY EVENTS

28

26 DDGS - an evolving feed ingredient

Upcoming Events

7-12 May 2016 SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION: Simple Post

Courier

Overseas

One Year

:

INR 1200

INR 1800

USD 300

Three Year

:

INR 3300

INR 4800

USD 900

Five Year

:

INR 5200

INR 6500

USD 1500

9-11 June 2016

Front Cover: Andritz

Printed by: Jaiswal Printing Press | Published by: Prachi Arora | On behalf of: Benison Media | Printed at: Chaura Bazar, Karnal-132001, Haryana | Published at: SCO-27, IInd Floor, Mugal Canal Market, Karnal-132001, Haryana | Editor: Prachi Arora Think Grain Think Feed is a monthly magazine published by BENISON MEDIA at its office in Karnal. Editorial policy is independent. Views expressed by authors are not necessarily those held by the editors. The data/information provided in the magazine is sourced through various sources and the publisher considers its sources reliable and verifies as much data as possible. However, the publisher accepts no liability for the material herein and consequently readers using this information do so at their own risk.

Although persons and companies mentioned herein are believed to be reputable, neither BENISON MEDIA, nor any of its employees or contributors accept any responsibility whatsoever for such persons’ and companies’ activities. All legal matters are subjected to Karnal Jurisdiction.

Disclaimer : The published material and images are sourced from various websites and newspapers, and used for information purpose only, if you have any issue, please inform us at info@benisonmedia.com. BENISON Media or Think Grain Think Feed is not liable for any claim prior to written information.

R&D

Image source: localizeyourfood

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 6 | April 2016

Camelina might be next option for poultry feed Camelina 'cake' could be a new, attractive poultry feed Camelina is one step closer to being a feed source for livestock species.

research by Beltranena and his Alberta Agriculture and Forestry colleague Matt Oryschak over the past four years.

“Camelina is not a perfect feedstuff, but it does have some advantages that Camelina's high level of omega-3s makes it an could be an opportunity for layers, intriguing feed, he said. broilers and eventually turkeys,” “You could reduce some of the vitamin provincial research scientist Eduardo supplementation in feed if you include some of these Beltranena said at the recent Western cakes in the feed,” said Beltranena.

Poultry Conference.

Part of the duo's research is to show that camelina is

“We see the opportunity not to displace canola, but to add one million to two million acres more of oilseed production (in Western Canada),” said Beltranena.

Camelina seed is one-third oil and finding a use for the remaining meal — known as cake — has been the focus of

safe for animals to consume and will not have any ill effects on humans who consume those animal products — a necessary step for winning approval from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration allows up to 10 per cent camelina meal in feed for cattle, broilers and layers, and two per cent for pigs. Oryschak and Beltranena have submitted paperwork to the CFIA seeking approval for 12 per cent maximums for some poultry.

“We are expecting approval for egg layers this spring,” said Beltranena. “We wanted to come here and tell you that it was approved. Unfortunately, that is not the case, but we are pretty close to that,” said Beltranena.

He anticipates approval for camelina inclusion in the diet of layers will be around 20 per cent.

“Our trials measured high levels of camelina, but this is for CFIA approval,” said Beltranena. “These are not optimal levels. Maximum inclusions are not optimum inclusions. We prefer to see camelina, DDGs, and canola complementing each other.”

Source: Alberta Farmer

www.benisonmedia.com

The oilseed is a member of the brassica family and has some characteristics similar to mustard and canola. Best suited to the brown or light-brown soils of southeastern Manitoba, southern Saskatchewan, and the southwestern corner of Alberta, it requires less rainfall, matures earlier than canola, and has superior disease and insect resistance. It doesn't yield as high as canola, but requires less nitrogen, and has high levels of omega-3 fatty acid, linoleic acid and essential fatty acids.

05

INDUSTRY NEWS

Global feed grain trade under pressure Grain traders worried about the recent risk for reduced demand from China after the government said it would scrap its corn stockpiling program at a time when global markets are awash with excess supplies.

Traders said importers in China would likely reduce purchases of farm products used to feed livestock, including sorghum and the ethanol byproduct distiller's dried grains (DDGs). The policy shift is expected to bring domestic corn prices in line with cheaper foreign supplies.

Last year, China imported about 40 million metric tons of substitutes for corn, including sorghum, DDGs and barley, from the United States and other countries, said Fred Gale, a senior economist for the U.S. Department of Agriculture. At times, corn prices in China were double those of the imports.

China has accumulated an estimated 250 million metric tons of corn in its reserves, more than it can consume in a year. Sales of the stockpiles will be a blow to global markets grappling with record supplies that are weighing down prices, economists said.

The release of the reserves will be "one more factor adding to the bearish outlook for feed grain markets in general," he added.

China's imports of U.S. DDGs have already softened amid a trade dispute, after reaching a record high in 2015.

China relies on imports for almost all its DDG needs, with most of the shipments coming from the United States.

U.S. sorghum shipments to China also have slowed from a record last marketing year. The end of corn stockpiling will likely continue to hurt demand, said a U.S. trader. "The good things we saw a couple years ago are over," he added.

It will likely take China years to eat through its massive stockpiles, economists said.

However, the country may need to keep importing feed

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

grains if the quality of the reserves is poor or domestic

06

prices remain too high, said Tom Sleight, president of the U.S. Grains Council, an industry group that promotes exports.

Demand also may return once the reserves are gone, said Florentino Lopez, executive director at the United Sorghum Checkoff Program, which promotes the U.S. commodity.

"They're going to continue to require an extremely large volume of grain, whether that is domestic or international," he said about China. "Long term, that opportunity does exist for our commodities to flow in."

Source: Agweek

INDUSTRY THOUGHTS Image source: devenishnutrition

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 6 | April 2016

Dr. S.P. Vinil

Animal Protein Meeting its Requirement for the Growing Human Population Dr. S.P. Vinil, Regional Marketing Manager Novus International, South Asia and South East Asia Pacific

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

A

08

ccording to FAOSTAT, global food production must increase 100% by 2050 to meet the growing global population. India's population currently ranks second in the world. With its current population base of 1.3 billion people (20142015), the country's population is growing at the rate of 1.22% (2015 estimate). India's economy is also among the top 10 percent of fast growing global economies. Population, in addition to the rising income and changing consumer preference in terms of food habits has significantly resulted in the growing demand for meat and meat product consumption.

products. Almost 37% of agricultural output growth between 2005 and 2011 came from animal products. (Credit Suisse).

India's per capita consumption of eggs each year has risen from 28 in 2000 to 62 in 2015 (FAOSTAT). Many Indian vegetarian families in urban areas have begun to accept eggs as a perfect protein source. Chicken consumption is also growing rapidly at around 12% in India, and thus, making the country one of the fastest growing markets (Economic Times).

India's current per capita consumption of poultry meat is estimated at 3.1 kg per year (USDA FAS). Poultry sector's future also looks bright; considering that as the present younger generation grows up, the Eggs and chicken has got wider acceptability across different regions, cultures and religions acceptability and demand for eggs and chicken meat in the next decades will also and thus, are the preferred animal protein sources in India when compared to other meat rapidly increase. However, the question arises;

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 6 | April 2016

materials, quality of feed raw materials and drinking water, man power, immune challenges still poses challenge and are major concerns within the poultry industry.

In the developing countries, especially in the densely populated rural areas of Asia, poultry is in direct competition with humans for feed resources. In addition, the growing use of cereals and oilseed to produce ethanol and biodiesel will increase the pressure on the land area used for agriculture – already high as a result of increased population size and urbanization. This will inevitably lead to higher crop prices and subsequently to higher feed costs.

Maize, one of the most important food crops in the world is also a key ingredient in animal feed and is used extensively in industrial products. Increasing demand and production shortfalls in maize supplies have worsened market conditions and contributed to surging prices. Soybean meal, another significant poultry feed ingredient, is also affected with fluctuating price surge due to reduced supply arising from changing climatic conditions as well as the increase demand for exports.

Additionally, India is also one of the world's top producers of hen eggs, ranking 2nd in the world with 65,000 million eggs produced per year.

Though the industry is steadily growing at the rate of 8-15% in various segments, the lower agricultural productivity and inconsistent supply of feed raw

In the developing countries, poultry is in direct competition with humans for feed resources

Unlocking the efficiency of feed ingredients is seen as an answer to overcome this challenge. To provide the level of feed demanded to meet the animal protein need, animals may consume different diet in the future compared to today. These different diets/alternative feed ingredients could include coproducts, by-products and use of locally available but less digestible feed ingredients. New generation enzymes in addition to precise formulations will help to release more nutrients from convention as well as non-conventional feed ingredients.

Unlocking the efficiency of feed ingredients is the solution Sustainability will become the key and India's poultry industry is expecting a lot of innovative concepts and programs to moderate the cost of production while maintaining the superior quality of chicken and egg.

www.benisonmedia.com

is India's poultry industry growing efficiently enough to feed this growing Part of the response to increasing demand and supply consumer need, and what can be done shortage has involved bringing new land into cultivation. However area expansion is not a to further strengthen this industry? sustainable option and often comes with an Genetic progress, better and scientific environmental cost in terms of increased land feeding and disease control has degradation. contributed to the growth of poultry At present, the industry is already witnessing a industry in developing countries like tremendous spike in raw material prices. The animal India over the past decade. According to Economic Times Bureau 2014, India feed industry has been forced to look for and explore is the third largest poultry producer in the alternate feed ingredients to keep the finished feed prices and animal protein prices as affordable as the world with a production of 3.8 possible in order to satisfy the consumer needs. million tonne of poultry meat a year.

09

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 6 | April 2016 Image source: foodlogistics

MARKET PROJECTIONS

Impact on prices after Maize arrivals in Bihar

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

Maize prices in India declined in the last week of March as arrivals have started in Bihar. Though the quantity was small and with high moisture, arrivals are likely to stabilise in two weeks time as dry stocks will arrive. Spot prices was down 3.02% at Rs. 15840/MT on Mar 22, 2016 and since then the market was closed for a long weekend. On Mar 28, 2016 the prices dropped further to Rs. 13900/MT which is kind of the price it should be at the start of the season. The five cargoes have arrived in India, while two (Kandla and Jaigarh) have discharged the maize, other three (Tuticorin, Vizag and Kandla) await final discharge and maize will be available to the end users in South and East India soon.

10

In the US the corn prices have move up, but not of much significance. May contract up 0.82% to $145.66/Mt; July up 0.75% to $147.39/MT and Sept up 0.69% to $149.28/MT. Once the USDA report on planting intentions is available, its affect on the price movement can be understood better. The FOB prices also moved up a bit and were indicated at $165/MT (US Gulf) and $170/Mt (PNW). Argentine corn was quoted at $164/MT. Brazil $161/MT and Black Sea corn at $163/MT. (All price are FOB basis at respective ports). US corn price delivered to SEA region @ $202/MT for US#2.

DDGS prices remained more or less stable in the last week of March and FOB prices were indicated at $172/MT (US Gulf) and $194/MT

(PNW). Delivered prices to SEA region were indicated $211/Mt to Vietnam (April) and down to $208/MT in Jun. Delivered price to China was $205/MT. US SBM price (FOB) was indicated $322/Mt and delivered to Asia at $370/MT Argentine SBM indicated $309/MT. India SBM price is quoted at $530/MT at factory. US CGM price is down at $535/MT. It would make sense for Indian poultry feed and cattle feed manufacturers to look at DDGS as a protein of choice. It's protein value i s 26% and it also contains fat at 6%, addicting that extra quality parameter to the ingredient). For the Calendar Year 2015, India's close neighbour, Bangladesh imported 17,547 Mt of DDGS. Myanmar imported 5,675 MT of DDGS. From Sept 2015Jan 2016, imports to Bangladesh have been 13,711 MT, 77% higher than last year's imports in the same period. Indian poultry industry will need to decide on its plant protein requirements and decide on what it needs to do. It would be difficult to match the demand with these current supplies. Like maize has been imported, plant proteins will need to be imported at least to fulfil the current deficiency. The freight rates remain stable. The benchmark US Gulf-Japan freight rate was indicated at $23/ MT and PNW-Japan at $14/MT; US Gulf-China quoted at $21.50/MT and PNW-China at $13/MT. Argentina/Brazil to China indicated in the range of $26-14.75/MT Source: Techpro India

ARTICLE Image source: farmtek.wordpress

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 6 | April 2016

PROBLEMS IN FODDER SEED PRODUCTION IN INDIA H.S. Choudhary*, Taramani Yadav** Fodder seed scenario in India

Status of seed import is for berseem (2004-09)

Availability of quality seed in forage crops to

Year

Requimented Qt. (MT)

2004-05

2062

grasses and legumes in particular are shy seed

2005-06

2930

producers. The quality seed production is an

2006-07

7912

important area that needs to be strengthened

2007-08

7622

2008-09 (till Jan, 09)

7520

enhance production and productivity is long-

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

felt need. Forage crops in general and range

12

for vertical growth in cultivated fodder and horizontal growth in grassland and silvopasture sector. A multi-pronged strategic policy and

Draw backs of fodder seed production !

In India, large area is sown using poor quality uncertified seed that gives poor forage yield. Usually, farmers do not produce these seed.

!

The main constraints for seed production are non-availability of irrigation area during April, May and/or preference of one extra cut of fodder during lean period of fodder availability in April.

research interventions are required to take care of all aspects of fodder seed production technology, quality, seed standards, certification, distribution and marketing.

Projected requirement of fodder seed at current level of cultivated area of 8.47 million hectares has been worked out at replacement ratio of 20%.

other crops. However, it still occupies first position (2.6 million ha) among the forage crops and in addition supply significantly large quantity of stover from grain crop for livestock. Forage sorghum forms a specialized production system to cater to the needs of commercial dairy farms, largely confined in northern India. It is mostly preferred over maize for its less input and drought tolerance. Single cut is preferred over multicut in kharif season as it fits well in sorghum–wheat crop sequence. Multicut has potential for intensive fodder production under irrigated condition. There is ready and growing market for multicut forage sorghum hybrids to support the proliferating dairy business where private sector is dominating and marketing notified varieties such as MFSH 3, Harasona and non-notified hybrids bred indigenously or imported from USA, Australia etc. under New Seed Policy. Research on development of multicut cultivars is slow and limited to the release of Sudan grass derivative SSG 59-3 and recently released Punjab Sudax and PCH 106. Sorghum stover is the main feed resource in the semiarid region of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharastra, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Bundelkhand region of UP. It is estimated !

The seeds sold in local market are that sorghum stover constitutes 20-45 % of total dry of poor quality and infested with weight of roughage of dairy livestock during normal weeds of Melilotus and Chicory, a monsoon year and 60% during drought year in these discouraging factor for berseem states. In earlier developed varieties, sorghum gave 80% cultivation. Moreover, prevalence of more grain but 30% less stover than the local cultivars. diseases like root rot and stem rot 2. Berseem in North West and Central India is Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) is one of the a major threat to this crop. most important winter forage legumes in India. The !

Oat is a competitive crop and crop is reported to be highly self-compatible in its place farmers are shifting to it due to less of origin but in India it is believed to be self-fertile. In availability of quality berseem seed, India, it occupies two million hectares. The merit of the failure of imported seed and crop lies in its multicut nature (4 -8 cuts), long duration absence of disease resistant of green fodder availability (November to April), high varieties of berseem. green fodder yield (85 t/ha), good forage quality (20% !

Looking into a wide acceptability crude protein), and digestibility (up to 65%) and high among farmers and high demand palatability. The green fodders yield from the present for berseem seed, concerted 0.5 m ha land (25% of total area) is expected to increase efforts are needed to develop by 15%. From each hectare of land there will be superior lines producing high additional income of Rs 9000. Thus, from 0.5 m ha land; biomass, lines tolerant to root and the additional income would be Rs 450 crores. It shows stem rots, increased dry matter, vast potential for meeting the demand and supply gap prolonged crop duration. There is of forages in the country. enough scope for extending the 3. Oats berseem crop cultivation to Oat is an important high yielding nutritious fodder crop southern and western parts of the grown in the winter season in about 1.0 million hectare country. area in Punjab, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Important Forage Crop Specific Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Scenario Maharastra Bihar and Bengal. Import of about 1000 1. Sorghum and Bajra tonnes oat seeds during 2005-06 signifies the emerging In last 15 years, area under grain need of promoting oat seed production to meet seed sorghum is decreasing in favour of requirement in the country. With growing health

www.benisonmedia.com

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 |2Issue 6 |6April 2016 Think Grain Think Feed - Volume | Issue | April 2016

13

ARTICLE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 6 | April 2016

consciousness, oat grain can be in high demand.

cost per unit of livestock products as well as

4. Lucerne

reduced emission of methane, organic source of

Lucerne is the third important forage crop in India. It is grown in about 1 million hectare area, adapted mainly in the western parts of the country including Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and high hills of Himalaya.

Medicago species form a major component of pastures and are also cultivated in vast tract. Susceptibility of the crop to lucerne weevil and downy mildew are the major problems.

nutrients for efficient organic farming and close

SWOT analysis with regard to fodder production in the country

grazing based livestock production in terms of low

nutrient recycling etc, favours forage resource development.

Weaknesses !

and there is little scope of expansion due to reducing availability of per capita land. !

!

!

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

!

14

!

!

A well organized research institute with its three regional stations and one AICRP on forage crops spread over 21 centers across the country.

Network of state milk cooperatives/corporations and federations provide organized platform for forage resource development.

There is no agency to provide precise data on fodder crops production, productivity and adoption of improved varieties and technology for effective policy formulation and research planning.

!

Largely non-commercial status of forage crops and unorganized small market for fodder crops without

Strengths !

Land under cultivated fodder crops is almost static

any government policy back up like minimum support price (MSP), is putting forage production as a low priority agricultural activity. !

Promotional infrastructure facilities like production and marketing of quality seed through a well organized network are insufficient.

!

On one hand, marketing of fodder crops is not being organized properly and on the other hand

transportation of bulky fodder is difficult and cost Potential large areas of 187.7 per unit weight of fodder becomes high due to million hectares under the category high volume. of wastelands/ degraded lands as Opportunities well as forest margins are available; !

Increasing demand for livestock products viz. milk if that could be scientifically and meat highlight raising need of fodder and feed. managed and regulated by a policy Growing demand of organic food products have frame and institutionalized at local ! increased the importance of crop-livestock levels for sustainable use, it will integrated farming for its inbuilt organic nutrient completely bridge the gap in recycling. forage demand and supply.

Higher demand of meat and milk products due to urbanization, fast emerging peri-urban dairies and well developed network of state milk cooperatives/ federations will accelerate demand for green fodder and need for setting up of processed fodder plants in view of the enlarging organized fodder market.

!

Peri-urban dairy creating organized fodder markets and need for post harvest processing of fodder and crop residues and formulation of complete feeds.

Threats !

Increasing pressure on cultivable land reduces allocation of lands for fodder production.

!

Natural resource degradation.

!

Climate change, water scarcity due to recurrent droughts and rise in weather uncertainties are adversely affecting productivity of forage crops and

Organic food production and role of livestock through close nutrient recycling also present opportunities to forage resource development.

!

Economic and environmental

*Ph.D Scholar, Entomology, SKNAU, Jobner, Rajasthan

benefits of green fodder and

**Ph.D Scholar, Agronomy (Forage Production), NDRI, Karnal, Haryana

grasslands.

Increase in global competition for markets under WTO regimes is a real challenge to promote livestock production.

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 |2Issue 6 |6April 2016 Think Grain Think Feed - Volume | Issue | April 2016

INDUSTRY NEWS

Remote sensing technology for fodder status

Big cooperatives are taking the help of ISRO to track the milk system at villagelevel more efficiently. The National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) has taken the help of satellite imaging to track the animal population, fodder status, and land use patterns. Recently, an NDDB project won an award at the Geosmart India 2016 for developing an 'internetbased dairy geographical information system' (IDGIS).

IDGIS is a visualisation tool which enables identification of villages and integrates human census, livestock census, land-use and land-cover of villages in all the major milk producing states. A senior NDDB official said

around 500,000 villages had been covered, helping milk unions plan their village-level activities more efficiently.

Anand-based NDDB has also joined hands with ISRO's Space Applications Centre and completed a pilot study of the fodder growing areas in Banaskantha district of Gujarat, using satellite imaging. Implemented at a mass scale, this would help policymakers address scarcity of fodder.

techniques. However, fodder crops are normally grown sparsely and on very small plots, said an NDDB official. “This makes the job of discrimination of these crops through remote sensing quite challenging,� he added.

The pilot project at Banaskantha estimated the area under green fodder crops in the district (81,000 hectares) and fallow areas as well as cultivable wastelands (57,000 hectares) with 77 per cent accuracy level. It also pointed The project assumes significance when out that around 35 per cent of the pitched against the current fodder villages in the district have more than growing pattern in India. While India is the largest milk producing country in the five per cent wasteland which could be developed to grow fodder. world, around 80 per cent of dairy farmers are small and marginal and contribute to 70 per cent of total milk production. They, however, do not own much land. According to estimates only five per cent of the country's farmland is devoted to fodder farming.

ISRO had earlier developed crop production forecast technology for major food crops, using remote sensing

This would help in planning the fodder supply chain in case of any shortage in a particular area. Fodder prices have nearly doubled in the past 10 years and fodder shortage is estimated to rise to 400 million tonnes by 2025. This study will now be scaled up on the national level.

Source: business-standard

www.benisonmedia.com

Big cooperatives are taking the help of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to track livestock and fodder in villages. Dairy farming is the latest addition to the list of traditional businesses that are achieving higher efficiency and productivity through technology.

15

INTERVIEW

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 6 | April 2016

Interview with Dr. Dinesh Bhosale, AB Vista Next green revolution in eastern and northeastern India is bright prospect for livestock industry

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

Please share some of the challenges and opportunities for AB Vista in the Indian poultry market compared to developed markets?

16

Indian poultry industry is expected to grow at 7-8% in next ten years and it is a great opportunity for company like AB Vista to sell enzymes. As raw materials prices went up, feed millers and farmers realized the importance of using matrix value and they started buying enzymes as per benefits instead of focusing on price factor. But still many more feed millers, integrators, consultants and poultry farmers including layer farmers need to be made aware of the concept of superdosing and matrix values.

!

Poultry integration boosted the growth of industry

!

Layer farming industry is more sophisticated with bigger farm size. Few states of India supplies eggs to the whole country

Indian is still a wet market although commercial eggs are exported, but in coming years, a lot of improvement is expected in poultry processing, marketing and exports.

Even the organized dairy sector has not grown as per the expectations.

What changes have you witnessed in Indian Today, only 20% of the total milk Livestock industry over the course of your career? production is handled by the In last two decades, Indian livestock industry has gone organized sector. Milk cooperatives need to adopt better practices for milk through metamorphosis. The poultry sector has handling like cold chain, and help undergone major structural changes during recent farmers to improve productivity. decades, due to variety of reasons like, the introduction of modern intensive production methods, Species change from Monodon to genetic improvements, improved preventive disease Vennamei is proved to be a life line for control and biosecurity measures, increasing income Indian shrimp industry . A decade ago, and human population, and urbanization. while I was working with American !

Broiler feed is pelleted Soybean Association floating fish feed

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 6 | April 2016

was introduced and today, around

major challenge and also marketing tool for the

seven lakh tons of floating fish feeds is industry. sold in the country.

According to latest Global Feed Survey by Alltech, India is 5th largest feed producing country in

Industry has seen a mismatch between the feed ingredient prices which keep on varying and endproduct prices which remains constant throughout the year. Your comment.

Industry cannot control the prices of feed ingredients.

If imports are allowed during lean period, it will 29.43 i.e. 3% of total feed support the industry to keep feed prices in control. production. Please share speciesStandards laid out for feed ingredients for quality wise consumption trends in India assurance need to be implemented in an effective and growth trajectory for the Indian manner. Alternate feed sources can also provide better feed industry? profitability and it can also be fetched by processing, Indian Poultry feed is the most branding and marketing the end products. Penetrating organized industry compared to the untapped rural Indian market is another way.

Livestock and Aqua feed industry with Exports of end products is always a big opportunity. a production of approx. 12 MMT of However, to improve exports, the quality of the end broiler feeds and 8.5 MMT of layer products also need to be improved, to meet feeds. Ongoing demand for chick international quality standards. mash, grower mash and layer feed Technological advancements is the key for the world with a total production of

proved to be an opportunity for commercial feed millers. Last year around 5.5 lakh tons of shrimp feeds and around one MMT of fish feed (7 lakhs floating and 3 lakhs pelleted) was sold in the market.

Around 7.5 MMT of cattle feed was produced and in coming decade better growth and quality is expected.

In a recent conversation, the Gujarat Milk Cooperatives have shared that raw material quality is the biggest challenge. Feed millers and raw material suppliers needs to come together to resolve these issues.

Antibiotic Resistance growing concern in India? How do you think it may influence the market?

Compared to earlier decade today consumer is more educated and concerned about nutrition. FSSAI and

development of any market. How do you look at genetically modified feed market in India?

Coming decade presents huge scope for technological advancements and efficiency in Indian agriculture.

Government is providing funds for speeding up the process. Next green revolution in eastern and northeastern India is a bright prospect for livestock industry as well. The industry needs to focus their investment on these states.

Water is going to play an important role in the future success of agriculture. Genetically modified foods is one of the technologies with a potential to improve productivity. But organic farming is a niche sector and farmers need to adopt scientific approach to improve their farming efficiency. Skill development is another area that needs a lot of improvement. Livestock sector will serve as the best and sustainable option for Indian agriculture and the farming community.

Considering the present challenges, what might the status of Indian feed industry look 10-20 years down the road? What do you visualize as the game changer for Indian feed industry?

Poultry feed will continue to be a leader but Livestock consumer organizations are becoming and aqua feed will be the game changer. Continued growth of Indian industry is expected in the coming more alert about excess use of decades, mainly due to increase in domestic demand antibiotics and its negative impact. for milk, egg, meat and aqua products. Therefore, Our industry also should seriously future of compound feed industry is bright. Compound consider it and prevent the use of feed industry is expected to produce around 54 million antibiotics as growth promoters. We tons of all types of feeds, excluding 10.4 million tons of need to invest in consumer awareness layer feeds which is prepared at farm level. The oilmeal which should also include policy requirement for producing this feed is approximately 15 makers, NGOs, Medical doctors, etc. In million tons. It is also required for direct feeding of dairy coming decade, food safety will be a animals (30 million tons).

www.benisonmedia.com

concentrates from layer farmers has

17

PELLETING TIPS

Image source: Andritz

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 6 | April 2016

Role of Moisture Control in Feed Processing Dr Naveen Kumar, Delst Asia

P

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

ellet quality and efficient functioning of machinery are the key factors for any feed miller. Providing ideal features for proper conditioning is the determining factor for achieving improved pellet quality as well as machine efficiency.

18

Effective conditioning and pelleting is a complex matter that needs to address issues like, delivering ample moisture to the conditioner, and providing sufficient moisture to the feed particles during conditioning process. Hence, it is required to understand the factors that cause poor conditioning and pelleting and having its effect on machine performance.

Moisture management in feed is the key from an economic and feed quality point of view. The amount of moisture in bound form, brought by macro ingredient like corn, in a feed formula contributes to the production efficiency. More is the moisture in

compounded feed, more it can assist cooking and conditioning, providing also better machine efficiency (higher throughput at lower energy consumption), pellet quality, and feeding value (enhanced nutrient value).

The process can be defined by "Food Polymer Science", phenomenon of polymerization of starch or protein structure in relation to moisture content during feed formulation and processing. Water can act as a plasticizer medium contributing to the formation and stability of polymeric carbohydrates and proteins, which results in pellet formation and improved feeding value.

Moisture management in feed is key from an economic and feed quality point of view

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 6 | April 2016

method), water activity, and moisture content etc to ensure the degree of cooking for required feed quality.

Kinetics of heat / moisture / steam application in feed processing and quality deterioration present a complete new dimension for the cost reduction during feed formulation process, which does not depend only on the raw material cost but on the efficient production to enhance the feeding value for better animal performance.

A sufficient moisture level is important as it reduces the energy usage during the pelleting process, and also ensures that production runs more smoothly by lowering the risk of blockages. This is important for preventing nutrient losses as a result of excessive heat production. Furthermore, it guarantees good pellet quality as an optimal moisture level is known to positively affect pellet hardness.

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

Then, the pellet feed sample can be tested for different aspects such as degree of gelatinization (DSC

Feed cost reduction can also be achieved by saving the lost nutrients of grain during storage, and potentially tapping the opportunity to reduce formulation specs. It is possible to lower the energy value to some extent in a feed formulation by compensating it with improved cooking/gelatinization that invariably contribute to more digestible energy for the animal.

19

ARTICLE

Image source: phoratmc

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 6 | April 2016

Poultry Performance at sub-toxic concentrations of Mycotoxins Justin Tan, D.V.M.*, Guan Shu**

I www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

t is not easy to earn profit from growing

20

can harm the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of poultry,

chickens. Besides the high costs of feed

open the gate to infectious agents and/or

ingredients and fluctuating market prices of

predispose the birds to a number of factors that

meat and eggs, the producer has to contend with

could reduce performance and cause disease

a myriad of other challenges that include nutrition,

outbreaks.

water supply and quality, biosecurity, housing,

The unique avian digestive system

flock health management and the existence of

The digestive system is probably the most

pathogens that constantly pose disease threat to

important system in the chicken's body, since it

the birds.

plays the role of converting feed into meat or

Pathogens that are capable of causing disease to

eggs, oftentimes likening it to a type of feed-to-

the birds are mostly opportunistic. Various factors

food converting machine. The avian digestive

such as immunosuppression, a change in feed

system is made up of some of the most amazing

quality, ingredients or nutrient levels, a lapse in

organs that are quite different from that of

biosecurity or flock health programmes, and

mammals, including a crop, a gizzard, a

various other critical points or stress factors, play

proventriculus, and even a pair of cul-de-sac caeca,

important role in this development. Manifestations

where bacteria help to ferment and break down

of disease can often be attributed to several causes undigested food. This results in poultry having one and thus, understanding the root of the problem is

of the most efficient digestive systems in the

imperative to overcoming the challenge.

animal kingdom.

In this article, we explore how mycotoxins, the

The poultry digestive tract is wondrous as it can

secondary toxic metabolites produced by moulds,

digest feed and grain, and yet not harm or digest

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 6 | April 2016 Eye

Nostril

Brain Caeca

Larynx Lungs Trachea

Ovary

Kidney

Oesophagus Crop

Oviduct

Cloaca

Heart Proventriculus

Large Intestine

Gall bladder Small Intestine Spleen Duodenal loop

Liver Gizzard

Pancreas

Figure 1 Poultry anatomy. Source: www.poultryhub.org detected levels in the feed, before deciding on the appropriate amount of mycotoxin deactivating product to be included in the feed formulation.

When mycotoxin risk management is discussed, it is not adequate to only consider the quantity or final concentration of mycotoxins itself. It is the most extensively exposed

in the feed that can cause harm or damage the birds. Oftentimes,

surface of the body in terms of surface

the specific levels of mycotoxins that could lead to clinical signs or

area and therefore functions as the most

diseases symptoms in the flocks are overly concerned. The trouble

important barrier between internal and

is that any detected levels that fall below the higher limits of

external environment. In the poultry species, more than 650 different species of bacteria and 20 different hormones within the digestive tract can be found, all responsible for digesting and absorbing a wide variety of nutrients from the raw materials in feed. The entire digestive system accounts for approximately 20% of its total energy expenditure and contributes to being the largest organ of the immune system.

A potential pitfall fallacy The modern day poultry producer is welltowards its existence in poultry feed. The dangers of the different types of mycotoxins such as aflatoxins (AFL), ochratoxins, fumonisins (FUM), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone and the threats these pose towards the immune system and productivity of the entire flock are well-known. Therefore, a conscientious and diligent analyses of feed on a regular basis to detect the presence of these mycotoxins is as

www.benisonmedia.com

informed about mycotoxins and vigilant

important as paying careful attention to

21

ARTICLE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 6 | April 2016

mycotoxin detection imposed by

to decreased glucose absorption and may eventually limit

regulatory bodies such as the European

water reabsorption, resulting in diarrhoea. Different studies

Commission in the European Union and

investigated the effects of mycotoxins on the

the Food &Drug Administration in the

gastrointestinal defence system against bacterial and

United States, are considered as having

parasitic infections. Chicks challenged with Ochratoxin A

insignificant effect on livestock and the

(OTA) had more severe intestinal lesions and mucosal

feed is considered safe.

damage than those that were not exposed to the mycotoxin. The challenged chicks were also more

It is misinterpret that if the level of detected mycotoxins are within regulatory susceptible to coccidiosis and had more Eimeria acervulina and E. adenoidesoocysts in their intestines than their limits, then it would not cause immunosuppression nor organ damage to the flocks. However, it has been found

experiment with DON, even at low concentrations that were

that even sub-toxic concentrations of

considered as safe for poultry, revealed that the mycotoxin

mycotoxins in feed can cause harm to the

depressed the immune system, impairing the immune

birds, as they are able to cross the tight

response and delaying intestinal recovery following a

junction barrier or permeate even

coccidiosis infection. Lymphocyte stimulation and assembly

intracellularly into the systemic pathways

at the site of infection was inhibited, hindering the clearance

to destroy vital organs such as the liver

of the coccidial infection.

and kidneys. Enterocytes are the first cells

It is wondered how a coccidiosis outbreak could still occur

to be exposed to mycotoxins and often

in a poultry flock despite the inclusion of a divalent,

come into contact at higher

polyether, ionophore coccidiostat such as lasalocid within

concentrations than other organ tissues.

the feed. Certain experiments have shown that T-2

Therefore, the entire intestinal epithelia

contamination in broiler diets could reduce the efficacy of

are usually compromised by the toxins

lasalocid as an anticoccidial drug. OTA on the other hand, is

even before absorption begins.

able to interact with Salmonella typhimurium, and it has

The detriments of mycotoxin exposure

been proven that the number of colony forming units (cfu)

Various publications have shown how

increases within the duodenal and caecal contents when

different levels of mycotoxins may impact

the animals ingested feed contaminated with OTA. Other

the poultry gastrointestinal tract and

studies have proven that DON is able to increase the

depress the immune system. Gut

intestinal inflammatory response to S. typhimurium, leading

morphology studies show how feeding

to a significant increase in both the invasion as well as the

chickens with low levels of DON alone or

bacterial translocation of the pathogen through the

in combination with other fusariotoxins

intestinal barrier. It is also learnt that prolonged intestinal

may lead to a reduction in both duodenal

infection, increased intestinal colonisation, translocation of

and jejunal villi height in poultry. As a

bacteria and dissemination into the lungs, liver and spleen

result, there will be less surface area for

were observed when FUM was concomitantly present with

absorption of nutrients, which leads to

E. coli in animal diets. Besides infectious diseases, other

impaired growth and performance.

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

It has also been found that mycotoxins

22

control group counterparts. On the other hand, an

such as DON and T-2 directly alter glucose transporters in the jejunum. This has an anti-nutritive effect, since it leads

negative impacts of mycotoxins at low levels include vaccination failure due to impediment in uptake, and loss of efficacy of various types of commonly used farm medications. Various worldwide researches confirm the negative effects of sub-toxic concentrations of mycotoxins

Figure 2 Necrotic enteritis (NE) & Fusarium mycotoxins ¡ Duodenum – Focal necrosis and ulceration without mycotoxins. NE score: 2 ¡¡ Jejunum – Focal necrosis and ulceration without mycotoxins. NE score: 2 ¡¡¡ Diffuse necrosis with DON and FUM. NE score: 6

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 6 | April 2016

in poultry feed and its implications on reduced productivity and profitability.

Figure 2-4 indicate some of the most common issues caused by mycotoxins in the field.

Intestinal inflammation Before domestication, poultry birds used to consume insects and earthworms from wild. As the first line of defence, it is only natural that the intestinal mucosal barrier is adequately reactive and able to illicit an inflammatory response to counter pathogen and foreign body invasion. In the interest of the modern day broiler producer, however, controlling this inflammation is imperative, especially to reduce wastage of nutrients such as energy and protein that are used up to generate an adequate amount of

Figure 3 Fusarium mycotoxins and gizzard erosion. Source: Prof.

CHARLES RANGGA TABBU certain degree of success. With the decrease in AGP usage throughout the world, it is realised that the flocks

inflammatory cells to mount the immune response. Such nutrients could otherwise be directed towards faster growth and better production.

currently have little protection against the detrimental effects of pathogen invasion and the resultant intestinal inflammation.

Various studies on different animal species have proved

Antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) have traditionally been used to improve animal performance by somewhat reducing inflammation, but only to a

that even at low concentrations within the feed, DON upregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines in the intestinal epithelia, escalating the mucosal inflammatory response rate. Likewise, cytokines also regulate the opening of tight

Table 1. Summary of the literature on the effect of mycotoxins in poultry.

Author(s), Year

Mycotoxin

Type of trial

Effect in poultry

Award et at., 2009; Award et al., 2010

DON (alone or combined with other fusariotoxins)

In vivo

Reduction in villi height in both the duodenum and jejunum

Award et al., 2005

T-2 OTA

In vitro and in vivo In vivo

Decreased glucose absorption

Girgis et al., 2010a; Girgis et al., 2010b; Girgis et al., 2008

DON

In vivo

Varga & Vanyi, 1992

TN

In vivo

Reduced coccidiostat effect

Fukata et al., 1996

Afla and T-2 combination

In vivo

Increased salmonella typhimurium CFU in duodenal and cecal contents

Grenier & Applegate, 2013 (review)

DON

In vitro and in vivo (several species)

Up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines in the GIT

Grenier & Applegate, 2013 (review)

FUM

In vitro and In vivo (several species)

Altered barrier function of the gut epithelium

Antonissen et al., 2014 (review)

Subclinical concentrations of various mycotoxins

In vitro and in vivo (several species)

Increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and reduced efficacy of vaccines and other medication

Increased lesions, mucosal damage and more oocysts after cocci infection Slow intestinal response and recovery after cocci infection

www.benisonmedia.com

Koynarski et al., 2007

23

ARTICLE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 6 | April 2016

Conclusions The effect of sub-toxic concentrations of mycotoxins from contaminated feed can be even more detrimental to the profits of the poultry producer than death of the bird itself, as it causes a far less noticeable form of profit drain from pockets of the producer. These include impaired nutrient uptake, immunosuppression and suboptimal performance. As a result of the poor performance, an additional sum of Figure 4 mycotoxin (T-2) and oral lesion. Source: Biomin

money is often spent on medication to treat unknown, secondary diseases, which usually result from a cascade of consistent levels of mycotoxin in the feed.

Image Source: Grain Saver

events that come simply from low but

So yes, it is evident that even low levels of mycotoxins can harm poultry production. This becomes even more serious in the face of multimycotoxicoses, where several Paracellular route

Source: adapted from Grenier, 2013

If impairment: Higher translocation of luminal antigens Commensal flora Pathogens Food antigens Toxins and mycotixins

mycotoxins co-occur in feeds. Even at Transcellular route If impairment: Lower uptake of nutrients sukh as glucose Malabsorpbtion of water

sub-toxic concentrations, the synergy created by these combinations causes detrimental effects to poultry, especially

Figure 4Paracellular and transcellular route through the intestinal epithelium when exposed to different pathogens and other inflammatory agents. junction proteins, enabling bacterial translocation from Proper mycotoxin risk management the intestines into the bloodstream and systemic tools are available to nullify the negative pathways. FUM may also alter the barrier function of the impacts of mycotoxins on poultry health intestinal epithelia due to its well-known effects on and performance. sphingolipids, which play a crucial role in the maintenance provide an entry portal for pathogens and an opportunity

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

to invade the body, bypassing the first line of defence

24

References are available from the author upon request. *D.V.M., Regional Sales & Marketing Director, BIOMIN Singapore Pte Ltd

provided by the gastrointestinal tract mucosae, to cause

**Ph.D., Regional Product Manager – Mycotoxin Risk

disease and internal organ damage.

Management, BIOMIN Singapore Pte Ltd

Soyameal exports decline by 89% last fiscal Country's soyameal exports fell by 89 per cent last fiscal to 70,822 tonnes due to high price in the domestic market, according to industry data.

"India exported 70,822 tonnes soyabean meal in last fiscal, registering a decline of 89 per cent over 2014-15 fiscal when soybean meal exports were 6,46,488 tonnes," Soyabean Processors Association of India (SOPA) said in a statement. Soyabean meal exports in March, 2016, was 430 tonnes compared with 46,670 tonnes in the same month last year.

"The fall in exports is due to uncompetitive Indian soyabean meal prices, owing to bumper soyabean production in the US, Brazil and Argentina, enabling them to offer soyabean meal at a much lower price than India," SOPA Chairman Davish Jain said.

Source: India Today

INDUSTRY NEWS

of the tight junction barrier (see Figure 5). All these

ARTICLE

Image source: cnbc

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 6 | April 2016

DDGS - an evolving feed ingredient Abhijeet Banerjee, Religare Commodities The increased cost of conventional grains is a major concern for poultry industry which is facing challenges in producing quality animal products at reasonable price for consumers. With about 70% of the cost of poultry production accounting for feed costs, industry is seeking new affordable feed ingredients. Hence there is an urgent need of focusing research and extension efforts towards the potential utilisation of energy and proteins from several grain by-products, which can provide cheaper alternative feed resources with a reasonably higher nutritive values.

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

In present situation, Distillers Dried

26

Grains with Solubles (DDGS) presents a viable and costeffective alternative supplementing both protein as well as energy to the feed industry. DDGS is a co-product of ethanol production plants that use grain for ethanol manufacture. During the yeast fermentation in ethanol manufacturing plants, grain is ground, mixed with water, cooked and the liquefied starch from this process is hydrolysed and fermented to produce ethanol and CO2.

As a result the non-fermentable components of this process which are rich in essential nutrients such as crude protein, crude fibre, available phosphorous, unsaturated fatty acids and essential amino acids are recovered in a highly concentrated form as Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles. Thus, cereal grain used for ethanol manufacture yields about one-third ethanol, one-third CO2, and one third DDGS. Although distillers dried grains is being used worldwide by poultry industry for some time, DDGS has taken its place more recently in India. Its inclusion in poultry feed is proving multi-benificial in terms of improving animal health, animal performance, and food product quality.

Nutrient Composition The variability in nutrient content and digestibility among DDGS sources can be a challenge when determining economic and feeding value for livestock and poultry.

However, new nutritional “tools� have been developed, including metabolizable energy (ME) prediction equations for DDGS as well as chemical procedures for estimating digestible amino acid content.

Laboratory analysis of feed ingredients, including DDGS, is important to verify that guaranteed nutritional specifications are met, to determine nutrient composition

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 6 | April 2016

Table 1 Nutrient profiles of selected feedstuffs’ Corn Distillers’ dried (yellow grains with solubles (corn) grain)

Nutrients Dry matter 2 Crude

protein 3

Soybean meal (dehulled, solvent)

Corn gluten meal

Corn gluten feed

Hominy

Cottonseed meal (41 percent solvent)

Wheat middlings

92.00

87.00

88.00

90.00

88.00

89.00

90.00

89.00

27.00

7.50

47.80

60.00

21.00

11.50

41.00

15.00

Ether extract 3

9.00

3.50

1.00

2.00

2.00

6.50

2.10

3.60

Crude fiber 3

8.50

1.90

3.00

2.50

10.00

5.00

11.30

8.50

Calcium 3

0.14

0.01

0.20

0.02

0.20

0.05

0.16

0.15

Phosphorus 3

0.89

0.25

0.65

0.50

0.90

0.50

1.00

0.91

Ruminant digestible protein 3

21.10

5.80

46.60

47.40

19.30

8.00

29.50

12.20

3

82.00

80.00

79.00

86.00

75.00

86.00

72.00

81.00

Kcal/lb

1,270

1,540

1,115

1,700

796

915

950

Kcal/kg

2,800

3,390

2,458

3,740

1,750

3,060

2,010

2,090

Kcal/lb

1,497

1,520

1,425

n/a

1,090

1,530

1,225

1,000

Kcal/kg

3,300

3,350

3,140

n/a percent

2,400

3,365

2,690

2,200

Ruminant TDN

Metabolizable energy for poultry 1,390

Metabolizable energy for swine

3

Methionine (Percent)

0.51

0.18

0.70

1.90

0.50

0.22

0.51

0.12

3

Lysine (Persent)

0.80

0.24

3.02

1.00

0.60

0.45

1.70

0.70

3

0.30

0.19

0.43

0.50

0.16

4

0.30

0.16

Sulfur (Persent)

Kcal/lb-Kilocalories per pound. Kcal/kg-Kilocalories per kilogram. n/a-Data not available 1All data other than dry matter content are expressed in an 'as fed' basis.

2Dry matter content of the unit of feed being examined.

3Nutrient content of the unit of feed being examined.

4Insignificant amount Souce:Lundeen, p.16, 2011

Mycotoxins in DDGS Like many grain-based feed ingredients, DDGS may contain amounts of mycotoxins that can negatively affect animal performance. Mold growth and mycotoxin production can be there depending upon the way feed ingredient is stored. Mycotoxins can be present in DDGS if the grain delivered to an ethanol plant is contaminated with the toxin.

Mycotoxins are not destroyed during the ethanol production process, nor are they destroyed during the drying process used to produce DDGS. If mycotoxins are present in corn, their concentration in DDGS will be increased by 3 times. It is thus of utmost importance that grain intended for bio-ethanol production is free of mycotoxins before processing.

There are also ways to alleviate mycotoxin problems, such as removing damaged grains before they enter the process.

Chemical treatments (NaOH, NH4OH,

H2O2, NaCl, CH2OH) can also be performed to detoxify mycotoxins in stillage.

Demand Projections The above aspects indicate that the situation in the longer run can be unhealthy for the entire feed business. The poultry sector which is growing at 10% is poised to grow at 15 % in next decade. Even at a conservative 12% growth this sector would require huge quantities at normal rate of inclusion-about 25 to 30% in the feed by 2025. As per the data furnished by Economic Times, poultry Sector alone could be consuming about 34 MT tons of Corn, up from its current uses of 9.5 MT and 13 MT of Soya Meal, up from its current usage 4 MT. The gap between demand and supply is going to keep widening and assume alarming proportions, assuming that the Agri growth may come down to below 2% and poultry consumption growth may go up above 12%. This situation will increase the risk of protein loss from feed rations.

Conclusions Oilseed import in future looks a distinct possibility. With soya and other oilseed crops floundering and India requiring both oil and meal it would make sound commercial sense to import oilseed instead of oil alone.

Possibly India will emulate the China example of importing oilseeds. Alternatively, allowing feed industry to import DDGS seems to be a rational solution, among others.

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

for accurate feed formulation, and to determine the presence and concentration of any potential contaminants.

27

EVENT COVERAGE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 6 | April 2016

The rapidly growing population along with increased urbanization and income is expected to rise the consumption of animal products by 70% in 2050. The challenge is not only to meet the growing demand for feed, but to ensure its safety.

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in 28

The role of animal feed in the production of safe food is recognized worldwide, and several critical incidents have underlined its impact on public and animal health, feed and food trade, and food security. Work on the application of the risk analysis framework provided by Codex in the field of animal feeding has facilitated the further understanding of the role of animal feed safety on public health and of the importance of risk-based measures to prevent and control hazards. Hazards may be introduced with source materials or via carryover or contamination of products during handling, storage and transportation.

In many countries adequate know-how and sufficient awareness are lacking to ensure feed safety among all operators along the whole value chain. Even where more knowledge is available and control systems are in place, new and unconventional feed ingredients are entering the production chain e.g. agro-industrial by-products (such as the ones of the biofuel industry),

Image source: skretting

Animal feed safety impacts on animal health, welfare and productivity as well as the safety of the human food supply and the livelihood of farmers. Safe feed helps to reduced production costs, maintains or increases food quality and reduces food losses and wastes. Feed is an integral part of the food chain and its safety has been recognized as a shared value and a shared responsibility. Feed production must therefore be subject, in a similar manner as food production, to the quality assurance of integrated food safety systems.

insects, food processing by-products, food wastes, etc., and with them, possibly new safety risks. Moreover, many countries still lack feed regulatory frameworks and fail to implement feed regulations harmonised with the Codex Alimentarius and other international standards. Feed safety cannot be attained by one single action or by an individual player. Coordinated efforts of intergovernmental organizations, governmental authorities, academia, farmers, producers and the private sector and the civil society as a whole are essential for the implementation of a safe and sustainable feed- and food chain.

For this reason FAO is launching a multi-stakeholder partnership to strengthen the capacities of relevant stakeholders to produce and supply

safe animal feed and to contribute to enhanced food safety, animal health and welfare and food security. A partnership to share best practices and risk-based measures, to prevent and control hazards in feed, to strengthen and develop capacities of all operators along the value chain, to support smallholders in reducing health risks for their animals and in reducing feed and food losses, and to create and share scientific knowledge on new feed and technologies. All stakeholders interested to contribute resources can join the partnership (e.g. intergovernmental organizations, governmental authorities, academia, farmers, producers and the private sector and the civil society) by sending mail to safety@fao.org Source: FAO

2016

CALENDAR OF EVENTS

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 6 | April 2016

MAY

SEPTEMBER

IFFA 2016 Date: 07-12 May 2016 Venue: Germany, Frankfurt am Main Email: info@messefrankfurt.com Web: www.messefrankfurt.com

VIV China Date: 6-8 September 2016 Venue: Shunyi District Beijing, China Email: wang.yunyun@vip.163.com Web: www.vivchina.nl

PIX / AMC 2016 - Australian Milling Conference Date: 29-31 May 2016 Venue: Gold Coast Convention & Exhibition Centre, QLD, Australia Email: contact@sfmca.com.au Web: www.sfmca.com.au/events/516

SPACE Date: 13-16 September 2016 Venue: Rennes Exhibition Centre, France Email: am.quemener@space.fr, info@space.fr Web: http://uk.space.fr

OCTOBER

JUNE

Vietstock Date: 19-21 October 2016 Venue: Saigon Exhibition & Convention Center (SECC, HCMC Email: vietstock@ubm.com Web: www.vietstock.org

Global Grain Food & Feed Date: 9-11 June 2016 Venue: JW Marriott, Pune Email: teflas@gmail.com Web: www.g2f2.com

JULY 2nd International Conference on Livestock Nutrition Date: 21-22 July 2016 Venue: Brisbane, Australia Email: livestocknutrition@conferenceseries.net Web: www.livestocknutrition.conferenceseries.com

Indo Livestock 2016 Expo & Forum Date: 27-29 July 2016 Venue: Jakarta Convention Center - Indonesia Email: info@indolivestock.com Web: www.indolivestock.com

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

AUGUST

30

U.S. Soy Global Trade Exchange & Midwest Specialty Grains Conference and Trade Show Date: Aug 30 - Sep 1, 2016 Venue: Indianapolis, Indiana Email: staff@mnshippers.com Web: www.grainconference.org

NOVEMBER Oilseed and Grain Trade Summit Date: 14-16 November 2016 Venue: Hyatt Regency, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S. Email: ogts-info@highquestgroup.com Web: www.oilseedandgrain.com

EuroTier Date: 15-18 November 2016 Venue: Hanover, Germany Email: expo@dlg.org Web: www.eurotier.com

Poultry India Date: 23-25 November 2016 Venue: HITEX, Exhibition Centre, Hyderabad Email: info@poultryindia.co.in Web: www.poultryindia.co.in

To list any industry event related to Grain & Feed industry please write us at editor@benisonmedia.com