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Vollume 1 | Issue 10 August 2015

Monthly Magazine for Feed Technology

EDITORIAL Monthly Magazine for Feed Technology Published by BENISON Media SCO 27, 2nd Floor, Mugal Canal Market Karnal - 132001 (Haryana) Tel: +91 184 4036770 info@benisonmedia.com

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

I

n passing away of former President of India, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam on 27th July, 2015, India has lost one of its noblest

sons, who apart from contributing so significantly to India's space research and missile development as a brilliant scientist, also strived hard to make our youth

Publisher & Editor

conscious of their duties towards the society and in bringing

Prachi Arora prachi.a@benisonmedia.com

prosperity to our motherland at large. Even after relinquishing his office as President of India, he kept himself totally engaged with youth, educating our young boys and girls to be good individuals/

Managing Editor Dr. T.K. Walli Former Head, Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI

citizens first than anything else. Personally, I have a fond memory of the golden moment in my life, when as former President Dr. Kalam awarded me Indian Dairy Association's Fellowship, during the Dairy Industry Conference held at Goa in 2010. While shaking

Business Head

hands with him, I remember, he asked me gently, “Are you a

Vinod Kumar Saini info@benisonmedia.com

dairyman”, to which my reply was,“ Yes Sir in a broader sense, but

Designing & Marketing Ashwani Verma ashwani.v@benisonmedia.com

basically I am a Dairy Scientist”. Having won the hearts of billion plus population of our country, Dr. Kalam will always be remembered by Indians as “People's President”.

The importance and prevention of Mycotoxicosis in poultry, especially during rainy season cannot be overlooked. This is the

Online Marketing

topic we covered in this issue of TGTF. High moisture content in

Nidhi Virmani promotion@benisonmedia.com

fresh maize grain favours mould growth, resulting in mycotoxin formation and thus, contaminating the feed. Aflatoxin affects egg

Circulation & Subscription Head Sunny Kamboj subscribe@benisonmedia.com

production and reduces egg size, egg weight and yolk weight.

Aflatoxicosis also affects weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, pigmentation, eggs production and reproductive performance of male and female. There is a need to take proper

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

measures so as to prevent the fungal growth right when the crop is

Dr. Dinesh T. Bhosale Former Chairman, CLFMA of India

in the field, at harvest time, during storage and the processing of

Mr. Amit Sachdev Indian Representative, US Grain Council

in the manufactured feed is very essential.

feed stuffs. In such a situation the use of mycotoxin binding agents

Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand US Soybean Export Council Dr. Suhas Amrutkar Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition, MAFSU, Parbhani

It is interesting to note that the market trends with regard to black liquid (Crude oil) and white liquid (Milk) have seen some parallels, although for different reasons. The prices of both crude oil and milk have experienced a roller coaster ride and have swung wildly to the point that the trend is appearing mercurial. In the previous

Dr. SN Mohanty Former Principal Scientist, CIFA

decade, the crude oil reached its apogee at $145 in 2008 and

Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta Agricultural Economist

rebounding mildly to $ 60, now it is again at $ 50 and headed

hovered in $80-$110 band from mid-2010 to mid-2014. After downwards. In a similitude, the FAO Dairy Price index almost

Dr. Swamy Haladi Feed Additive Expert

quadrupled to 270 from 70 within a span of five years from mid2002 to mid-2007 and again plunged sharply to 120 within less

Dr. R Gnana Sekar Lead Consultant, GS Dairy Farm Consulting Dr. Suraj Amrutkar Assistant Professor, Dept. of ILFC, SKUAST-J, Jammu

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in www.benisonmedia.com

than two years. At present, the index stands at 167.5 on a downward trajectory.

T. K. Walli

Monthly Magazine for Feed & Feed Technology

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

Vollume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

Contents RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 05 Microbes to produce superior feed crops

FEATURE

06

Protein demand for animal feed set to soar for coming decade

INDUSTRY THOUGHTS

08

Post-harvest storage and transit losses - 'Silent Killer'

ARTICLE 10

16

Enteric Methane Mitigation in Ruminants: A Nutritional Approach

Upcoming Events MARKET PROJECTIONS 14 Domestic maize to maintain firm trend despite better sowing acerage

6th Edition

INDIA 2015

INTERVIEW 20 Interview with Solvent Extractors’ Association of India

21-23 August 2015

10-11 September 2015

Printed by: Jaiswal Printing Press | Published by: Prachi Arora | On behalf of: Benison Media | Printed at: Chaura Bazar, Karnal-132001, Haryana | Published at: SCO-27, IInd Floor, Mugal Canal Market, Karnal-132001, Haryana | Editor: Prachi Arora Think Grain Think Feed is a monthly magazine published by BENISON MEDIA at its office in Karnal. Editorial policy is independent. Views expressed by authors are not necessarily those held by the editors. The data/information provided in the magazine is sourced through various sources and the publisher considers its sources reliable and verifies as much data as possible. However, the publisher accepts no liability for the material herein and consequently readers using this information do so at their own risk.

Although persons and companies mentioned herein are believed to be reputable, neither BENISON MEDIA, nor any of its employees or contributors accept any responsibility whatsoever for such persons’ and companies’ activities. All legal matters are subjected to Karnal Jurisdiction.

R&D

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

Microbes to produce superior feed crops

increase the ability of lucerne to fix

T

nodules grew significantly larger, fixing

The researchers are still finding out the

atmospheric nitrogen, boosting the

greater amounts of nitrogen. A patent

exact mechanism responsible for its

feed crop's early growth and resilience,

has been lodged in relation to the two

growth. It is likely their natural

and ultimately its yield.

strains.

propensity to produce bioactive

The research was monitored on

“Up to 50 or even 70 per cent more

compounds is partly responsible for

he biotechnology research

nodules by symbiotic rhizobium

expand their trials on lucerne in the

conducted at Flinders

bacteria that grow in the nodules.

field, and will also look for similar

University in South

Professor Franco said that following the effects in other legume crops, including

Australia identified two

inoculation of the lucerne seeds with

peas, chick peas and faba and soya

strains of microbes that

spores of the actinobacteria, the

beans.

hundreds of strains of endophytic

nitrogen persisted in the soil, improving increasing the general robustness of

actinobacteria, which grow naturally

the growing conditions for subsequent

the inoculated lucerne by reducing

within legume roots. The research

crops and resulting in better yields,”

disease, they may also be encouraging

isolated and identified two strains of

Professor Franco said.

the growth of rhizobium bacteria in the

microbes that in laboratory and

The effect was to substantially improve

soil.

glasshouse trials were shown to

the establishment of the lucerne,

Professor Franco said that

promote growth in the shoots of the

increase its resilience in drought

actinobacteria offer an environmentally

legume plants.

conditions and also boost its yield.

friendly way of controlling disease,

The research was supervised by

“We found that two main strains gave

especially fungal root diseases such as

Professor Chris Franco from Flinders

us a crop yield increase of 40 to 50 per

Rhizoctonia, reducing the need for

and Ross Ballard from South

cent in the glasshouse, and we would

fossil-derived pesticides and fertiliser.

Australian Research and

look for at least a 20 per cent

The potential to capture atmospheric

Development Institute (SARDI).

improvement in the field,” Professor

nitrogen offers a major environmental

Nitrogen is absorbed by the plants

Franco said.

benefit.

through the formation of external

The Flinders biotechnologists will now

Source: .theleadsouthaustralia

www.benisonmedia.com

Australian Scientists have identified two microbes that build bigger and more resilient feed crops.

05

INDUSTRY NEWS

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

Indian poultry industry demands soybean imports to compete with US The Indian poultry industry has

combined with increasing meat

will experience fewer supply disruptions and lower input volatility. And they will develop more sustainable feed and animal protein business for the longer term.

consumption and absolute population

Give or take a good crop year, projecting

growth, raise important questions about

forward, the current trends suggest the

animal feed. The demand for vegetable

least 1 MT of soybean meal, to help them deal with the impending

increased, and this trend is likely to

competition of cheaper imports of

continue over the coming decade. The

industry to get cheaper raw material and reduce its cost of production, which is three times the cost of production of US chicken legs. As India lost its World Trade Organisation battle against the import of US chicken legs, the poultry industry expects to see the impact of the ruling in 12 to 18 months.

changing share of protein in feed,

how the supply of vegetable meals can

vegetable meal supply/ demand balance

keep pace with rising demand for animal

will further tighten over the coming

feed

decade, leading to upward pressure on

Rabobank believes the true drivers for this prices, which in turn will trigger a range of uptick in usage, and the range of potential responses along the meat production outcomes for the global oilseed and

supply chain.

animal protein sectors are under-

An actual 'gap' between protein meal

"The cost of processed chicken in India

appreciated by many in global food &

demand and supply will never materialise,

is $3/kg while the cost of the imported

agribusiness (F&A). Depending on the

of course, as the market will respond to

chicken leg from the US will be $1/kg,"

strength of the supply chain response, we

higher prices that result from demand

said Amit Saraogi, chairman of the feed

expect the longer-term trend of relative

starting to increase faster than supply. We

manufacturer's organisation CLMFA of

scarcity in protein meals to continue and,

expect the strategies F&A companies

India.

with it, periodic bouts of significant price

deploy to the opportunities and risks

The cost of Indian soybean meal is

volatility will remain the norm for the

higher than the global soybean meal

coming decade.

because productivity is much lower

"Companies can position themselves effectively: by securing access to protein feed, developing alternative protein supplies and continually enhancing feed conversion efficiency," says Clara van der Elst, senior analyst Rabobank Food & Agri. As a result, they

there than the productivity of countries like the US, which have genetically modified soybeans. The Indian poultry industry, which is growing at 7 per cent to 8 per cent per annum, is worth Rs 80,000 crore (800 billion), 65 per cent of which is poultry meat while 35 per cent is accounted for eggs.

Chicken breast is considered as the premium product in the US and chicken

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

July 2015: As global demand for meat, fish and dairy grows, so too does demand for protein meals for use in animal feed has

Producers feel this will help the poultry

06

Protein demand for animal feed set to soar for coming decade

demanded permission to import at

chicken legs from the United States.

FEATURE

legs are considered just a by-product.

However, chicken legs are the main product for Indian market.

Representatives of the corn industry also expressed a need to import raw feed material.

The domestic market is also deliberating with the government about stricter implementation of food safety standards for both domestic as well as imported poultry products.

Source:

presented by these issues to vary along the supply chain.

These vary along their position in the supply chain, but consist of roughly two kinds, it says. The first is technology; in areas such as crop yield improvements, feed formulation, feed conversion and alternative feed protein development. The second is for business strategies to involve closer alliances and potentially integration between companies operating in adjacent steps of the supply chain.

Source: Rabobank

INDUSTRY THOUGHTS

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

Bulk handling & bulk transport can economize & maximize returns in the feed industry.

Abhay Shah Spectoms Engg. Pvt. Ltd.

D

id you know that India loses over 17 million tonnes of

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

Declare foodgrains storage as

storage and transportation of

infrastructure.

foodgrains.

Encourage mechanical

Towards this end, the Food

foodgrains every year

harvesting, cleaning and drying

Corporation of India (FCI) and the

by way of post-

at the farm and market level.

state-run Warehousing Boards have

Transport grains from farm to

taken several steps, such as

Amounting to six percent of the

silos in specially designed

establishing metallic grain silo

annual production, valued at over

trucks.

complexes and modern grain

h arvest storage and transit losses?

08

!

Rs. 50,000 crores, it is enough to feed one third of India's poor! A

!

!

!

similar 'silent killer' is also prevalent in the feed industry where handling, storage and transit losses are

!

generally ignored and overlooked.

Way back in 2000, the National Policy on Handling and Storage of

Construct chain of silos at

storage facilities. However, what is

receipt as well as distribution

urgently needed is a co-ordinated

points.

effort to develop systems and tools

Encourage the private sector to

to provide a complete package

build grain storage capacities

which, in addition to modern

which can be rented to the

storage facilities and storage silos,

government for grains procured

also includes the Bulk Handling and

by government agencies.

Bulk Transportation of foodgrains.

Encourage the private sector to

These initiatives can easily be

between the farm and the consumer.

develop infrastructure for the

incorporated in the feed industry

The steps outlined were:

integrated bulk handling,

also.

Foodgrains laid out a road map to cut storage and transit losses

!

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

Bulk Handling of Grain & Feed

industry also. This is the norm in all

Precision-engineered pneumatic

developed countries and the

systems are inching their way into

immediate need of our country.

the bulk handling of materials.

Unimaginable benefits can

These robust systems offer a plethora of advantages like: Only one person is required for

!

focus from 'Bags' to 'Bulk'.

the total operation, thus putting

Bulk Tankers can revolutionize

an end to labour costs and

material handling and movement

management hassles.

by:

No need for augers, sweeps,

!

shovels and other mechanical tools prone to maintenance

pneumatically, the entire two-

overheads.

way process can be executed in

grain/feed quality and minimize

!

loading/unloading effectively

Higher loading/unloading rates

and efficiently, all by himself.

as high as 80-100 tonnes/hour which results in quicker

!

No bags required: Frees up working capital.

turnaround and shorter handling time.

Massive labour savings: The tanker driver can accomplish

damage due to handling. !

!

Cleaner handling: No transit

No bagging/unbagging

losses and no contamination as

required, leading to reduced

the bulk tanker is completely

labour and packing costs and

sealed and self-cleaning.

!

efficient handling of materials.

!

No empty returns: Bulk tankers can be used for a variety of

No transit losses. No spillage. No spoilage. No pilferage. Quicker

products with multiple

handling. What more can we ask

compartments for two-way

for?

trips.

Bulk Transport of Grain & Feed Bulk Tanker Bulk Tankers are used quite extensively to transport milk, petrochemicals and cement

Material handling equipment

minutes.

Helps maintain excellent

!

Quicker handling: With loading by gravity and unloading

!

Fantastic ROI: Thanks to cost savings in labour, packing

Bulk tanker

materials and time, the bulk tanker can pay itself off within

not only modernizing the bulk

3-6 months!

storage facilities but also in bulk

premixes across the length and

Hence, the time has come to

breadth of our country. The urgent

embrace the advancements in

need now is to inculcate the use of

systems and technology and to

Bulk Tankers in the grain and feed

invest intellect and efforts towards

handling and bulk transport of grains. This, when replicated in the feed industry, could economize and maximize returns in an industry where the handling and transport are still done traditionally.

India should waste no further time. This simple and commonsensical system and technology can dramatically change the face of the country.

Is there

anything more worthwhile than preventing our colossal wastage of Bulk handling system

food and feedstuff?

www.benisonmedia.com

!

be reaped by shifting the

09

ARTICLE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

Dr. Suraj Amrutkar*, Dr. Suhas Amrutkar**, Bharti Deshmukh*** Introduction Mycotoxicosis is a major problem in poultry industry. There are about 50 fungi species harmful to poultry known to produce toxins, which are collectively called as mycotoxins. These mycotoxins are metabolites produced by fungi during metabolism of nutrients present in feeds and feed ingredients. High moisture content in fresh maize and grain highly favour mould growth. Many mycotoxins are stable during grinding and crushing in mill and also during feed storage. The type of fungus, temperature, moisture and grain determine which toxin will be produced and in what amount. According to the United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), approximately 25% of world's grain supply is contaminated with mycotoxins. The economic loss due to this has been estimated to run into millions of rupees annually.

Mycotoxicosis is Aspergillus Parasiticus and Penicillium puberulum. Both the fungi are wide spread

Mycotoxins act in synergism?

under hot and

Individual fungus usually

humid Indian

produces more than one toxin.

conditions as well with

It is uncommon to find a single mycotoxin occurring under field condition. Usually they occur in

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

combination of two or more. These

10

toxins therefore often act in synergism.

This means that their combined effect is much more damaging than that of the individual mycotoxins. In feed, even if aflatoxin content is very low, its harmful effect is greatly increased by the presence of ochratoxin, even though its presence may be at a low level.

Aflatoxicosis and Orchatoxicosis mycotoxicosis are the most commonly

poor storage facilities.

widespread in the environment and produce aflatoxin in warm (30-35°C) temperature and high humidity conditions (Refer table 1). Mould growth

Aflatoxicosis:

occurs more rapidly when moisture

Aflatoxins are a group of closely related,

content is more than 10% and

highly toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic

temperature at 28-30°C. Aflatoxin can

compounds. Aflatoxin is the most

withstand extreme environmental

common and the most important

conditions and are highly heat stable.

mycotoxin. It is a highly toxic mycotoxin

Aflatoxin contamination is more

produced by various species of fungi

common in grains or handled in a

Aspergillus. The fungus Aspergillus

tropical country like India. Handling and

flavus produces most of the Aflatoxin

storage of grains in these conditions

and also gives this toxin its name (“A”

anywhere will also stimulate production

from Aspergillus and “fla” from flavus).

of aflatoxin. Poultry feed and ingredients

However, aflatoxin is also produced by

are easily prone to fungal growth and

Table 1: Favourable conditions for growth of the fungi.

seen mycotoxicosis in poultry. Other

Fungi

mycotoxicosis is less common.

Aspergillus flavus Optimum 25-32°C

Temperature

Relative Humidity 86-87%

Moisture More than 10-12%

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

aflatoxin formation. Aflatoxin is found in

Aflatoxin is rapidly excreted in the bile

maize, groundnut cake, rice, cottonseed,

and urine and does not accumulate or

millet, sorghum and other feed grains. Its persist in the body tissues. This

mycotoxin “Ochratoxin”. Its name is derived from the fungus “Aspergillus ochraceous”. Ochratoxicosis is less

concentration at field levels is 20-100

explains the rapid recovery of egg

common in poutry than aflatoxicosis,

ppb and may even up to 500 ppb.

production and hatchability after

but is much more harmful. Although,

Mycotoxin may get 30-50 times more

ingestion of toxin has stopped.

aflatoxin B1 is the most potent of all

concentrated in the broken grain as

Harmful effects of aflatoxin

aflatoxins, ochratoxin is three times

compared to whole grain. Naturally

Aflatoxicosis causes loss of egg

more harmful. Thus, Ochratoxin are

occurring aflatoxin contains B1, B2, G1

production (layer), anaemia,

among the most toxic mycotoxins for

and G2. Designations B and G are given

haemorrhages, liver damage, paralysis

poultry. They damage mainly kidney.

after their Blue (B) or Green (G) colour

and lameless, poor performance, feed

Apart from Aspergillus ochraceous,

reaction to fluorescent light. Of all,

efficiency (in broiler), increased

five other species of Aspergillus also

aflatoxin B1 is usually found in the

mortality from heat stress (in broiler)

produce it. Ochratoxin are formed on

highest concentration and is also the

and increased susceptibility to

numerous grains and feed stuffs and

infectious disease both in broiler and

are of four types A, B, C and D. Of

most toxic. It damages mainly liver.

Table 2: Maximum permissible levels of layers. Aflatoxin affects egg Aflatoxin as stated by different agencies production by reducing synthesis and

Feed

Maximum level of Aflatoxin U.S. FDA Feed for mature 20ppb poultry BIS Feed for poultry 20ppb Feed for Duck 3ppb CARI, Izzatnagar Feed for chicks 150ppb Feed for broilers 400ppb Feed for Layers 900 ppb Feed for breeding 300ppb stock of chicken

these, orchatoxin A is the most toxic, most common, also produced in

transport of yolk precursors in the

greater quantities and is relatively

liver. Egg size, yolk weight and yolk as

stable. Ochratoxin occurs in maize,

percent of total egg size are

rice, most small grain and in animal

decreased. Aflatoxicosis affects weight

feeds. It readily forms in poultry feeds

gain, feed intake, feed conversion

under conditions of high temperature

efficiency, pigmentation, eggs

and high moisture. Field levels are

production and reproductive

between 20-200 ppb, but may be even

performance of male and female. Even up to 2.0 ppm. In the naturally less than 100 ppb in broiler can result occurring disease, ochratoxin A is the in poor feed conversion and reduced

main toxin involved. Ochratoxin B and

weight gain which may be due to liver

C occur only with high concentration

damage and reduced nutrient

of ochratoxin. Young birds are most sensitive to ochratoxin ingestion.

and is not destroyed during normal grinding and crushing in the mill and

absorption. Once the damage has been done, birds may not fully recover Severe (acute) ochratoxicosis causes even if they return to toxic free ration. death due to kidney failure.

Immuno suppression

Harmful effect of Ochratoxin

sensitive to aflatoxin than adult. There

Aflatoxicosis suppresses the immune

Ochratoxins is broilers causes

are also large species differences as

response. As result, aflatoxicosis is

mortality and failure to gain weight.

duck being 10 times more sensitive

associated with increases susceptibility Growth rate, feed conversion and pigmentation are also affected. to infectious disease. In chicken,

storage. Young birds are more

than chickens.

Post mortem findings In the affected birds metabolic changes lead to enlargement of liver, kidney and spleen as well as decrease in the size of bursa of fabricus, thymus and testes. With high dose exposure, fat accumulates inside the cell of liver as clear vacuoles. As a result, liver is greatly enlarged, yellow and friable (easily broken). Small haemorrhages may occur following injury due to decreased clotting factor synthesis and increased fragility of minute blood vessels. This leads to a condition known as “bloody thigh syndrome”.

aflatoxicosis increases susceptibility to or severity of Caecal Coccidiosis,

Ochratoxicosis in growers delays sexual maturity. Ochratoxin can reduce egg size and interior quality. Immuno-

Marek's disease, E. coli infection, Salmonellosis, Inclusion Body Hepatitis suppression by ochratoxin-A is mainly due to reduce size of thymus, and Gumboro disease. Vaccination failure is emerging as result of

although all lymphoid organs are affected. Cell mediated immunity is

aflatoxicosis in chicken. Aflatoxicosis induced immune suppression is due to significantly damaged in broilers.

Antibody mediated immunity is reduction in the size of bursa of fabricus, thymus and spleen. Immune

affected after depletion of antibody

suppression in breeders can be serious containing cells in lymphoid tissues.

As a result, vaccination response is as it reduces the passive maternal immunity.

severely damaged and the severity of

Ochratoxicosis

concurrent Coccidiosis and

Ochratoxicosis is caused by the

Salmonellosis is increased.

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Aflatoxin is stable once formed in grains,

11

ARTICLE Symptoms

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

ii)

Increase the dietary levels of

Affected birds are depressed, dehydrated, usually pass more urine

protein and amino acid

and die from kidney failure. Those that

metabolism. Increasing the dietary

survive are stunted, poorly feathered

level of proteins can minimize the

and have anaemia and immune-

ill effects especially when

suppression (Ochratoxin level more

uncontaminated with aflatoxin.

than 0.6 ppm). There may be reduced

Increase also the vitamin

weight or develop wet dropping

supplementation.

causing increased numbers of stained

iii) Supply of methionine and other

eggs. There is also a decrease in egg

sulphur containing amino acids,

production and hatchability (at

over and above the requirement

ochratoxin level more than 2.0 ppm)

can protect the chicks from

and poor performance in progeny

growth depressing effects of

derived from affected hens.

aflatoxin.

Mycotoxin binders

iv) Treatment of bacterial or parasitic diseases.

Mycotoxin binding agents include activated charcoal, yeast cell wall

v)

vii) Avoid storage of feed for more than a week. viii) Mycotoxin may form in decayed, crusted feed in feeders, feed mills and storage containers. Therefore, regular inspection of feed containers is essential. ix) Withdraw toxin contaminated feed immediately. x)

Pelleting feed destroys fungal

Poor management is particularly

spores and decreases fungal

products, synthetic Zeolites and mined

harmful to poultry stressed by

mineral clays such as aluminosilicates,

mycotoxins and should be

pelleting and antifungal agent has

sodium bentonite. Effectiveness of

improved.

additional effectiveness.

vi) Liver tonics may be given.

adsorptive capacity, their structure,

Additional amount of lipotropic

their purity and the characteristics of

agent like choline helps in

the targeted mycotoxin. a)

i)

ii) b)

Zeolites (Sodium Zeolites A) and

c)

aluminosilicates have strong

minimize the adverse effect of aflatoxin, such as leg weakness

stable complex.

and poor egg shell quality. viii) Mycotoxins are free radical

Aluminosilicates (HSCAS) and

generators and therefore

into the feed. Therefore, to deal with this difficult problem, the most practical way is to use effective mould inhibitors and scientifically tested broad spectrum toxin. xii) The most effective method of neutralizing mycotoxins already in feed is binding them to an

nutrients with antioxidant

challenge the antioxidant

capabilities (Selenium, Methionine

responses within the poultry.

and Vitamin E)

can.?? cannot be absorbed from

Therefore, increase the

the intestines.

HSCAS and Virginiamycin

supplementation of vitamin E,

Mannan Oligosaccharides,

vitamin C and selenium.

inert compound therefore they

Conclusions The most appropriate practices for mycotoxin control are:

wall glucomannans, can

Occurrence of mycotoxins in grains is

specifically adsorb Aflatoxins,

extremely common and therefore

Ochratoxin and Fusariotoxins.

requires a programme for controlling

Dietary supplementation of

their ill effects in poultry.

activated carbon reduces the toxic

i)

Purchase a clean feed stuff

effects of many insecticides,

ii)

Discard the grains suspected of

pesticides and other toxins by

mycotoxin binder in order to

contamination (i.e. mouldy and

adsorption and elimination in the

achieve good productivity and

caked feed).

economy.

faeces.

iii) Keep the moisture of grain less

Treatment i)

precautions, mycotoxins do get

vii) Vitamin D3 supplementation can

affinity to aflatoxin and form a Hydrated Sodium Calcium

xi) However, despite all the

minimizing liver damage.

developed by esterifying yeast cell Control

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

vi) Adequate ventilation of poultry house to reduce humidity (removes moisture available for fungal growth and mycotoxin formation in feeders).

burden. The combination of

these compounds depend upon the

12

well ventilated dry place; which is water, insect and rodent proof.

protein. The mycotoxins affect the

than 12%.

Toxic feed should be removed and iv) Sun drying is the best method to replaced with uncontaminated prevent mould growth. But, it feed. Poultry usually recover from does not destroy the toxin.

most mycotoxicosis soon after an uncontaminated feed is available.

v)

Store the feed and ingredients in

i)

Prevention of fungal growth on crops in the field, at harvest time, during storage of feedstuffs and processing of feed.

ii)

Application of appropriate

iii) As with most poultry diseases, prevention is more economical than treatment. *Dr. Suraj Amrutkar, SKUAST-J, Jammu **Dr. Suhas Amrutkar, MAFSU, Parbhani, Maharashtra ***Bharti Deshmukh, NDRI, Karnal

MARKET PROJECTION

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

Domestic maize to maintain firm trend despite better sowing acerage Abhijeet Banerjee, Religare Commodities Trade sentiments have been positive in

A.P, and the crop area might remain

the domestic cash markets since past

unchanged over last year. However, low

couple of months. But the upside was

rainfall can affect the crop yield. Maize

limited in the month of June because of stocks in Nizamabad could be around falling futures prices, in light of

24,000 tons, which includes around

monsoons showing a recovery,

19000-20000 tons with Government,

beneficial for Kharif crops including

and approximately 4000-5000 tons with

Maize. The

private traders. In A.P, stock of maize

domestic market

found support in July, due to

Table: India's Demand-Supply Balance Sheet for 2014-2015 harvest season MY 2014-15 Estimate Parameters (Million Tonnes) Beginning Stock 2.00-2.50

Production Consumption Exports Carry Forward Stock

could be around 160,000 tons (Roughly one lakh held with Government of India

improve versus last year, subject to

steady demand from feed

and 20,000 amongst private traders).

climatic conditions supporting the

manufacturers' as well as

Current weather conditions in the state

growth phase(for a longer duration). In

are favorable, and if the producing

Delhi, available stocks are estimated

regions experience good weather in

between 4000-5000 tons.

poultry industry.

India also exports maize, although in small quantities. The country had exported around 8763 tons of maize mainly to Malaysia and Nepal July 13 and July 19th as per IBIS data. The

Cabinet Committee on

August then it can have a positive

The latest Government data has stated

impact over the yield.

that planting of all Kharif coarse cereals

In Karnataka, maize sowing is over as

have increased marginally versus

per official sources. Traders from the

normal of the corresponding week to

state have reported that growers have

13.6 million hectares. However, the

given up nearly 4-5% of cotton area

seeding acreage of these crops was

Economic Affairs has given its

towards maize. Around 60-65% of

almost 33 per cent higher, and nearly

approval last to last month to

maize sowing is over in the state of

60-65 per cent higher year on year.

Karnataka till July 20th, and going by

There has been a substantial increase in

increase maize MSP by Rs. 15

traders' estimates, the inventory held

planting of Kharif maize, going by the

per quintal to Rs. 1325 per

by private stockist and local farmers are

trade talks.

quintal for the 2015-16 Kharif

between 5 and 5.5 lakh quintals.

The USDA in a February release had

season.

Weather conditions in Rajasthan are

estimated MY 2014/15 exports to drop

favorable and the crop yield can

to 2 MMT on relatively weak export

Maize planting is almost complete in

Graph: Average Prices in Gulabbagh Market this year 1500

1300

Price

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

1400

14

20-21 19.00-19.50 1.8-2.0 1.50-2.00

1200

1100

1000

29-01-2015

27-02-2015

30-03-2015

Date

01-06-2015

29-06-2015

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

demand under this situation,

India

will be observing exports after four consecutive years of bumper overseas trade. The agency has projected in India's MY 2015/16 trade at 2.0 MMT in February, on expectations of less competitive pricing versus other major exporters. As per the USDA, India's ability to ship corn in small quantities (containers) is a key factor for regional buyers like Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and other markets like Indonesia. India occasionally exports small quantities of sorghum and barley, largely to neighboring countries and the Middle

For the 2014-15 marketing year, India's maize production might be somewhere between 20 and 21 million tons, while domestic consumption is expected around 19.00-19.50 million ton, which includes exports. The country might

export around 1.8-2.0 million tonnes,

higher versus previous year, but there is

which would be lower than last year's

a consistent requirement from poultry

figure of approximately 4 million tons.

feed manufacturer and starch millers.

Carry forward stock on the other hand

Also, the Rabi season arrival pressure is

is expected to be 1.50-2.0million tons

decreasing gradually. Therefore spot

roughly.

prices at major markets of India are

Summing up, sowing figures are seen

expected to remain firm unless the Kharif harvesting season begins.

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East.

15

ARTICLE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

Dr. Madhu Mohini and Dr. V M Nampoothiri, NDRI

16

Green house gases in the atmosphere

atmosphere and large radioactive

many developing countries. Animals are

absorb and emit radiation within the

forcing potential which that of CO2 is

often fed on crops grown residues and

thermal infrared range. This process

310 times more potent than CO2. The

grasses from grazing lands. The use of

contributes fundamentally to green

livestock sector represents a significant

concentrated feed is low and limited to

house effect. Green house gases (GHG)

source of GHG emissions worldwide,

productive animals only. India produces

like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane

generating carbon dioxide, methane

12.45% of the total enteric methane

(CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) produced

(enteric and manure), and nitrous oxide

emissions. Total

due to anthropogenic activities are one

either directly (e.g., from enteric

of the serious concerns now a day.

fermentation and manure

emissions from India were

Non-CO2 GHGs in an abatement

management) or indirectly (e.g., from

found to be about 20.56

strategy can be less expensive and

feed-production activities and

million tones (INCCA, 2010).

methane

more effective in mitigating climate

conversion of forest into pasture).

CH4 emissions in ruminants also

change.CH4 is the second most

About 37 % of anthropogenic

account for a 2 to 12% of gross energy

important GHG after carbon dioxide,

methane is attributed to

loss of feeds, depending upon the type

and contributes 15 % to the global warming (IPCC, 2007). CH4 remains in

enteric fermentation by

the atmosphere for 915 years and is

ruminants as part of their

about 21 times more effective in

normal digestive processes.

trapping heat in the atmosphere than

Livestock manure management is also a

of diets (Johnson and Johnson, 1995).

Therefore, it is very important that CH4 mitigation strategies are need to be followed to

CO2 over a 100-year period (FAO, 2006).

significant source of methane with

improve the utilization of feed

The global atmospheric concentration

global emissions accounting to 9.3

of methane has increased from a pre-

energy, rather for productive

Tg/year.

industrial value of 720 ppb to 1803 ppb in 2011 (IPCC, 2013). Nitrous oxide is another potent greenhouse gas with a long lifetime of 150 years in the

India ranks first with 13% of the world total livestock population. Contrary to the large population, the productivity of Indian livestock is low as compared to

purposes. CH

4

mitigation from

livestock can be done using different methods like, diet manipulations including feed supplements, animal

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

manipulations, management systems

causes decrease in methane

effect on rumen microbes. Saponins,

and rumen manipulations (defaunation,

production. Chemical treatment (urea,

decrease protein degradation and

vaccination). Some of the practical

ammonia, calcium hydroxide, sodium

favour at the same time microbial

nutritional interventions for effective

hydroxide, urine addition) and

protein and biomass synthesis

CH4 reduction in ruminants are:

biological treatment (fungal treatment

.Saponins can inhibit growth of

Increasing concentrates in diet

like Pleurotus spp, Caprinus spp,

protozoa in rumen. Effect of saponins

the diet decreases CH4 production. It

Crinipellis spp) of roughages also

on CH4 reduction was found to be more

showed methane reducing effect.

effective in defaunated animals.

Addition of fat

Antiprotozoal activity of saponins were

Ch4 production and concentrate

Addition of fat in the diet inhibits the

found to be transient. Use of saponins

proportion in the diet are curvilinear.

growth of methanogens and protozoa

may also confer nutritional benefits as

More concentrate in diet increases the

population and reduces ruminal

they might increase microbial protein

feed intake which, in turn, results in

organic matter (OM) fermentation and

synthesis due to inhibition of protozoa.

improved rumen fermentation and

hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty

Saponins from Sapindus saponaria,

accelerated feed turnover. This which

acids (acting as an alternative H2 sink)

Acacia concina, Sesbania sesban,

causes large modifications of rumen

in the rumen. Dietary fat do not

fenugreek and tea saponins have

physico-chemical conditions and

undergo fermentation in the rumen

proved effective in this respect.

consequently, the microbial

that also adds to reduced CH4

Essential oils and organosulphur

was found that the relation between

populations. A shift in the proportion of production. But higher inclusion of fat individual VFA production, leading to a also reduced feed intake and

compounds also have the ability for CH4 reduction. A limited number of studies are available showing direct

decrease in acetate and a decrease in

digestibility of fibre which leads to

propionate occurs. This results in lower

lower weight gain and milk yield.

effect of EO on rumen archaea.

Normally medium chain fatty acids like

Coriander, garlic, ginger, fennel, clove,

CH4 production because the and thus, partially prevented from

coconut oil, myristic oil, canola oil, plam eucalyptus are found to be effective in CH4 reduction. kernel oil etc shows greater result in

going for methanogenesis. Lower

reduction of CH4. Appropriate dose and

proportions of hydrogen sink increases,

Ionophores

rumen pH, which is produced during

source of fat should be chosen carefully Ionophore antibiotics such as

concentrate feeding, also results in

because it may affect VFA production

monensin, rumensin and lasalocid also

inhibition of methanogens. But very

and feed digestibility.

cause decrease in Ch4 production. These

high proportions of concentrates

Plant secondary compounds

ionophores at the doses prescribed do

should not be fed as it causes health

Tannins, saponins and essential oils are

not affect methanogens, however their

problems due to acidosis and is also

having methane mitigating effect.

effect on other microbes, inducing a

not economically feasible. But

Tannins can inhibit methanogens,

shift in fermentation towards

decreased enteric CH4 production (per

protozoa and hydrogen producing

propionate synthesis, is the most likely

unit of DMI) due to increased inclusion

microbes. Tannins are of two types-

mode of action. Ionophores also affect

of grain in the diet may be partially

condensed and hydrolysable tannins,

protozoa; the reduction and

offset by increased CH4 emission from

among these condensed ones are

subsequent recovery in protozoal

manure.

having most of the antimethanogenic

numbers perfectly matched CH4

Forage type and quality

activity, but hydrolysable tannins are

abatement.

Feeding of forage with low fibre and

also efficacious. Different sources of

Organic acids

higher soluble carbohydrates, using C3

tannins have been found to produce

Organic acids like fumarate, malate or

grasses and less mature pasture, can

varied effects because of difference in

their sodium salts reduce methane

reduce CH4 production. CH4 emissions

chemical structure and level of

emission because of shifting rumen

can also be lowered by using legume

supplementation. Animal trials with

fermentation towards propionate and

rich forages in diet because of its lower

plants or extracts of condensed tannin-

can act as alternative hydrogen sink. .

The addition of fumarate consistently

fibre content, higher passage rate and

containing Lotus corniculatus, Lotus

condensed tannin content. Certain

pedunculatus, Terminalia chebula,Ficus

decreased methane production in vitro and increased feed digestibility and

plant species like sulla, sainfoin, lotus,

bengalensis, Azadiracta indica and

lespedeza also found to reduce CH4

Acacia mearnsii have been shown to

VFAs production. Similarly, malate,

emission. Preservation of fodder and

reduce CH4 underscript) production in

which is converted to fumarate in the

forage processing methods like

ruminants. Saponins are glycosides

rumen, stimulated propionate

chopping, grinding and pelletting

found in many plants that have a direct

formation and also inhibited

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Increasing the level of concentrate in

17

ARTICLE methanogenesis in some in vitro

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

when consumed. Limited information is

studies. Inclusion of organic acids in the available on the effect of probiotic

mitigation of methane in ruminants.

Generally, increasing forage digestibility

diet have given varied types of results

cultures such as Saccharomyces

and digestible forage intake typically

from in vivo studies. However, at the

cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae on

decreases emission of CH4. Other

relatively higher doses required, the

CH4 production and most of these are

effective CH4 mitigation practices

dicarboxylic acids are prohibitively

in vitro studies.

include lipid and concentrate feeds

expensive as an abatement strategy.

Defaunation

supplementation of the diet, plant

Defaunation is the process of removal

secondary metabolites, ionophores,

of protozoa from rumen. It causes

organic acids, alternate electron

Alternate electron acceptors

improved microbial protein supply and

acceptors, probiotics, halogenated

Methanogenesis may be lowered by the

animal productivity. As methanogens

compounds and of course,

addition of electron acceptors such as

remain attached to protozoa, removal

defaunation. The long-term effects of

of protozoa results in reduction in the

many of these mitigation practices have

Green leguminous fodders are the good source of malic acid.

nitrate and sulfate. Some rumen

microorganisms are capable of reduction number of methanogens also which of nitrate to nitrite and then nitrite to leads to reduced methane production.

not been well established. Some

ammonia, use hydrogen or formate or

Large number of techniques were used

economically feasible to implement.

both as the common electron donors.

for defaunation. Plant secondary

Reduction in methane emissions can

Nitrate can be used as a nitrogen

metabolites like saponin are being used only be achieved by improving productivity. So feeding of balanced widely now a day for defaunation. But

supplement also. However, under some

additives are toxic or may not be

diet matching the physiological state of

nutritional conditions/feed management, use of certain defaunating agents like nitrate becomes toxic because of the lauric acid and coconut oil were found

the animal and improving the overall

accumulation of nitrite in the rumen.

to affect the dry matter intake in cattle.

nutrient utilization is the most efficient

Probiotics

Conclusions

way of decreasing methane emissions.

Probiotics are directly fed microbials Lot of advances have occurred in last (DFM) that have claimed health benefits few years regarding the techniques for

Dr. Madhu Mohini and Dr. V M Nampoothiri, DCN Division, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI)

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FEATURE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

T

wo liquids, one black and another white, quite unlike each other in appearance, provenance and usage have affected the fortunes of countries and millions living in there. The price of both crude oil and milk has swung wildly and has been mercurial.

The prognosis is either grim or joyful, depending upon one's location in the supply chain: the capriciousness and descent will continue.

In the previous decade, the crude oil reached its apogee at $145 in 2008 and hovered in $80-$110 band from mid2010 to mid-2014. It took a steep dive from June last year until it touched $48 in January this year marginally above the $43.9 low in February 2009. After rebounding mildly to $ 60, now it is again at $ 50 and headed downwards.

In a similitude, the FAO Dairy Price index almost quadrupled to 270 from 70 within a span of five years from mid-2002 to mid-2007 and again plunged sharply to 120 within less than two years.

Since 2009, the roller coaster ride has continued as it stopped short of touching an all time high of 280 in 2014.

At present, the index stands at 167.5 on a downward trajectory.

In certain other parts of the globe, the oversupply of milk leading to low dairy product prices has wreaked havoc.

Unlike its more influential cousin, the oil supply chain, the global dairy supply chain does not have any geostrategic ramifications; yet it gained prominence as it affects countless farmer-producers across the world. Especially, the farmers in big dairy exporting countries New Zealand, E.U., Australia, U.S., Argentina, Ukraine, Belarus and Switzerland have been punched hard; and they are a powerful political constituency. The largest producer of oil a little less than farm gate prices of milk in all major milk two years ago and China became the producing countries including India largest importer of crude oil. But America have dropped. is also the largest consumer of oil a The Kiwi dollar plunged sharply against situation similar to India's in the milk the American dollar. More rate cuts are supply chain. After spanning the globe, on the anvil by the Kiwi Central Bank, if the American crude oil supply chain is dairy prices plunge any further. confined to its own continent; the sudden spatial shift has had far-reaching The Chinese as usual take a fair share of geostrategic consequences. If the blame for the distress in the dairy turmoil in Middle East calms down, the supply chain as well the piled-up inventories of Whole Milk Powder during oversupply of oil will only increase. the last three years suddenly curtailed Amongst the countries hardest hit are demand, whereas the exporters had the oil exporters Saudi Arabia, Russia, planned the opposite. The EU nations will Iran, Norway, UAE, Nigeria, Venezuela to sustain the glut as they did away with name a few. Saudi Arabia cannot balance their production quotas; Russian its budget, if the crude oil prices remain retaliatory ban on E.U. and Ukrainian below $104, though it has enough products will continue. reserves to cushion it from the impact Many of the shifts in these supply for a few years. Others may not be able chains seem to be structural instead of to bear the pain for long. Countries like cyclical: in such a case, the low prices Russia, Venezuela and Nigeria would will stay on. Despite low prices, not all need oil prices around $105, $117, and commodity supply chains, however, are $122 for fiscal balancing. However, the undergoing structural shifts; nor are cash costs to keep the oil wells running they in the big-league as crude oil and in these countries are much lower in the dairy. Oddly, though, due to complexity range of $ 40 to $ 50. of global economic machine and Therefore, Saudi Arabia as the de facto second order consequences, an leader of the oil cartel, OPEC, decided opportune position in the supply chain not to reduce oil production but bank may still not translate in real economic on American shale oil wells shutting growth for countries like India. If the down when their operating cash costs tremors in the chains are too strong and or breakeven costs for new wells go last too long, even those who are below the price of crude oil. Till such faraway, perched in comfort may time, these two heavyweights in the oil topple.

For now, the whimsical 'invisible hand' has smacked the producers, but caressed the consumers in the oil and milk chain.

Owing to the shale revolution, the U.S. overtook Saudi Arabia as the world's supply chain play the game of chicken, Source : Business Standard

www.benisonmedia.com

A Tale of Two Commodities

the countries downstream in the chain like India have a chance to reduce their budget deficits and build up their strategic reserves.

19

INTERVIEW

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

Interview with Solvent Extractors’ Association of India The Solvent Extractors' Association of India (SEAI), Premier Association of Vegetable Oil Industry & Oil Trade, fosters the development and growth of the solvent extraction industry in particular and vegetable oil industry at large in India. It has its presence in India since 1963 and today the association with 875 members is having an annual crushing / processing capacity of 30 million tonnes. Mr. Pravin Lunkad and Dr. B.V Mehta represented SEAI for Soy Partnership Forum. `Think Grain Think Feed' caught up with them to know more about the SEAI and its objectives.

Please share the role and contribution of SEAI in

Overall exports of oilmeal during April-June 2015

growth and development of Indian oilseed industry.

were down at 441.548 tons compared to 625,805

Mr. Lunkad: SEAI is a broad based all India apex body of

tons during the same period in 2014. What are the

Solvent Extraction Industry which was formed in 1963.

factors that may have contributed to the same?

Present strength is over 875 members representing

Dr. Mehta: The shipment of oilmeals might remain

complete gamut of the vegetable oil industry that

subdued owing to a lack of competitiveness. In recent

includes oil seed crushers, vegetable oil importers and

times, India has lost its three major export markets. 1.

refiners, oil meals exporters and service providers like

Iran - was importing 1 MT due to advantage of sanction.

exporters, surveyors, clearing & forwarding agents,

With the withdrawal of the sanction, it started now

brokers & dealers, and shipping agent, financial

buying oilmeals from other origins such as Argentina

consultants etc.

and Brazil. 2. Vietnam- 3 years back it was importing 1

What is this year's outlook for oilseed production in

MT soymeal from India and now they are importing

India? Please share the present status of the oilseed

soybean and crushing and 3. Japan- which has moved

industry - domestic production, shortfall, imports,

from non-GM soymeal to GM Soymeal.

and future trends etc.

India may soon rival China as influencer of global

Dr. Mehta: Since last 5 years, oil seed production in India

supply-demand of oilseed and oilmeal. Your

is stagnant at 26-28 MT. Major factor contributing to

comments.

present situation is poor remuneration to the farmer for

Mr. Lunkad: 10 years ago, China stop importing oil and

his produce. This year with better monsoon as observed

started importing oil seed to crush and meet its own

in June & July and hoping similar for August and

demand of oil & meal. Similarly if we cannot improve

September, we can expect better oil seed crop.

the production to meet our own demand, we may have

Last year ending October 2014, the country produced

to start importing oilseeds. If this happen, which is

the lowest crop of oil seeds hence the imports for the

likely, India too will follow like China and move from oil

present year may increase by 1.8-2.0 MT to 13.2-13.5

to oilseeds in years to come.

MT.

What are the issues faced by the Indian Oilseed

The oilseed production has been stagnant however, demand has been growing. If indigenous production

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

does not go up significantly, our dependence on

20

industry today? What kind of policy reform do you want from government to address key challenges facing the Indian oilseed industry?

imports may even go up from present level of 60% to

Mr. Lunkad: Major concern for the industry is shortage

over 75% within next few years.

of oilseed in the country. It reflects policy paralysis in

Indian Oilseed yields compared to World Average yields Crop

Soybean Cotton

India Highest Yield

India Average Yield

India Average Yield in Comparison to Highest Yield %

World Highest Yield

World Average Yield

1492

1080

38%

2650

2300

Kg./ha Indian Average Yield in Terms of World Average Yield % 47%

737

590

25%

2070

1060

56%

Groundnut

2113

1100

92%

3530

1600

69%

Sunflower

1762

648

172%

1730

1180

55%

Mustard

1656

1159

43%

3460

1760

66%

Source: The Solvent Extractors' Association of India

Mr. Parvin Lunkad and Dr. B.V. Mehta Solvent Extractors’ Association of India

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

21

INTERVIEW

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

the Indian agriculture sector. Government has lost its

What is the scope of GM technology in India? What

focus on oilseed production & productivity. We have

is the future of GM Oilseeds in India?

submitted action plan to government of India which

Dr . Mehta: We are not importing GM oil seed but

includes following suggestions to curb the ongoing

importing soybean oil and rapeseed oil which are

problems faced by oilseed industry:

derived from GM oilseed. Most of the advanced

a) Focus on increasing production and productivity

countries like USA, Argentina, Brazil have moved to grow Genetically Modified (GM) Soybean, which leads to

b) Weighted tax/duty deduction

higher productivity by about 20 to 25% from the

c) Introduction of GM crop by initiating GM trials

conventional variety. India is producing 1000-1100 kg

d) Shift acreage from grains to rape-mustard in Punjab & Haryana

per hectare of soybean which is almost half of world average or one third of highest in the world.

Could you please share the theme and the purpose of upcoming Global Rice Bran Oil Conference?

GM crop may be one of the way to increase production in the country. Like BT cotton was introduced before

Dr. Mehta: International Association of Rice Bran Oil

few years only, which has doubled the cotton production

(IARBO) was formed 2 years back by India, China, Japan, Vietnam and Thailand to promote rice bran oil as healthy oil. 2nd edition of the conference will be hosted

by SEAI in India at Mumbai on 7th & 8th August 2015 and expecting 400 delegates from India and Abroad to participate.

Rice bran oil potential in India is over 16.0 lakh tonnes, against this potential the actual exploitation is just 9.5

in India. It is the high time to explore the possibility of introduction of GM Soybean crop (non terminator) in India to achieve higher production and productivity.

What were your main take-aways and impressions of the recently concluded Soy Partnership Forum 2015?

Dr. Mehta: The conference could bring all stake holders on one platform to discuss the various issues confronting the industry including lower production of

lakh tonnes. The production can be increased to 12.0 lakh tonnes in next three years and thereby can reduce

soybean and productivity, supply -demand, future

the import of edible oil to some extent. Basic objective

projections and also value added products from

of the conference is to explore the opportunities on a

soybean. I compliment USSEC for organizing the

common platform and promote rice bran oil in the

Summit at the right time and place to overview entire

World as a Health Oil.

gamut of soya industries.

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

Novus International appoints New Director Mr. Stuart Court reinforce Novus

Dr. T. K. Walli, Managing Editor, “Think Grain Think Feed”

International as Director, South Asia

paid a short visit to Bangladesh between 26th July and 2nd

and Southeast Asia Pacific. Mr. Court

August 2015. It was a UN/FAO sponsored mission under its

has built extensive experience of 25

South-South Cooperation for poverty alleviation in the

years in the animal nutrition and

region. Dr. Walli, former Head, Dairy Cattle Nutrition

health industry across many animal

Division- NDRI, joined Poshak Agrivet Pvt. Ltd., Karnal as

species.

Mr. Stuart Court

ANNOUNCEMENT South-South Cooperation for poverty alleviation-FAO Mission

Since joining Novus International,

Inc., a global leader in developing animal health and

Chief Technical Advisor. The feed factory was not only engaged in the manufacture of straw based densified TMR blocks, but also would supply the total machinery for setting up a unit on turnkey basis. Gaining expertise in this

nutrition solutions in 2009 as a Regional Sales Manager in

particular technology and its nutritional aspects, he

Australia, Mr. Court has advanced to lead the Novus

participated in the e-Conference organized by FAO, where a

Technical Team in Southeast Asia Pacific and South Asia for

chapter on this technology was published in its conference

the past three years. In his role as the Regional Technical

proceedings. Subsequently, FAO invited Dr. Walli to write a

Manager, Mr. Court has been in charge for providing

detailed bulletin on this technology, which was published

technical support to Novus clients within the region. He has

by FAO in 2012.

also been involved in the planning and managing of various

Now recently FAO invited Dr. Walli to act as a consultant for

R&D projects to support the science based approach Novus

the transfer of this particular technology in Bangladesh.

takes to providing value-added solutions to their clients.

They also invited Anil Verma, a farm/feed engineer from

Stuart Court will be based in Bangkok, Thailand and

NDDB, Anand for setting up a unit for this specialized feed

replacing Dr. Vaibhav Nagpal who is taking up a new global

technology. Both the experts from India discussed the

position within Novus as a 'Senior Director Global Product Development'. In line with Novus's mission to 'Make a clear difference in sustainably meeting the growing global need for nutrition and health'; Mr. Court affirms to continue honoring this commitment with solutions and services that

project at several layers of official functionaries, including FAO representatives. Dr. Khan Shahidul Haque, former DG, BLRI (Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute) Dhaka, coordinated this whole trip on behalf of FAO. They also travelled to North Bangladesh, where they visited villages, interacted with dairy animal keepers and had detailed

answers customer pains and industry issues sustainably.

discussions with Mr. Yer Ali, the feed manufacturer, who is

Nutriad strengthens Aquaculture Team in Asia

the stay there, a blue print was prepared for setting up the

Nutriad- European feed additives

interested in adopting this technology in Bangladesh. During manufacturing unit and the transfer of technology, including the impact analysis, for which BLRI scientists shall be involved.

manufacturer, appointed Mr. Ho, Gim Chong as Commercial/Technical Manager Aquaculture SE Asia to strengthen its team of aqua experts in the region.

“Aquaculture is expanding extremely pioneering activity into a more professional, consolidated industry. On that path, aquaculture producers are facing big

Dr. T. K. Walli and Anil Verma meeting with Begum Nurun Naher, FAO representative in Bangladesh

challenges in terms of feed cost efficiency and disease prevention ”, says Dr. Peter Coutteau, Business Unit Manager Aquaculture for Nutriad Gim Chong holds a degree in Biology specialized in Molecular Biology and Genetics from the University of Putra, Malaysia, and completed a Master degree in Parasitology, Molecular Biology and Zoonotic Epidemiology.

He worked previously in University of Putra Malaysia, and has consulting experience in aquaculture farms in SE Asia.

www.benisonmedia.com

Mr. Ho Gim Chong

fast and maturing from a young,

A feed factory visit in Bangladesh

23

INDUSTRY NEWS

ThinkGrain GrainThink ThinkFeed Feed--Volume Volume11||Issue Issue10 10||August August2015 2015 Think

Agri export outlook not bright for India July 2015: The trend of a rise in agri and allied wheat, sugar, oil meals and vegetable oils, to exports in the last five years has reversed bottom out.

years? Will more yield per hectare spur

such exports fell by 8.5%, from USD 33 billion Add to this mix the currency depreciation

exports?

in 2014 to USD 30.1 last year. It

scenario in many countries. Thanks to the

Should we continue to impose custom

simultaneously reflects policy paralysis in the

Greek crisis, the euro is already weak and will

duties on items which are cheaper abroad to

Indian agriculture sector as well as the

continue to remain so or weaken further

protect our domestic inefficiencies and

redundancy that has set in for most

even a dollar-euro parity (1:1) is being

outdated policies? India has become a high-

processes due to the march of technology.

speculated. The Russia-Ukraine conflict and

cost agri market. Even Pakistan and

Globally, the demand for agri-commodities

the falling crude values create more their

Bangladesh, that hitherto sourced oil meals

continues to expand. But India has lost

respective currencies. Brazil's real will fall

from India, have shifted to oil meals of South

ground in many traditional markets to

further as it struggles to ensure export

American origins despite the logistical

competing economies such as Brazil,

consistency of its humongous crops of soya

disadvantage.

Argentina, France, Russia and Ukraine.

and corn to service the weakening power of

Green revolutions have happened when

The depreciation of currencies of many rival

China.

India either kept pace with world's scientific

countries, the poor yield of Indian agriculture, These factors portend India will remain outinflexibility due to the government's tight priced in near future. In the short-term, a

introduction of high-yielding varieties of

control of the sector, etc, are some factors for

Mexican wheat seeds, as per Norman with increased use of fertiliser and irrigation

extent of 50% in some cases.

turbulence, India has to introspect on its

technologies, was responsible for average

The continuing fall in crude oil prices due to

macro policy for owing to global changes

yields hooting up to 3 tonnes/hectare from

the conflict in West Asia, the inevitable entry

and turbulence, India has to introspect on its

less than 1 tonne. Lower yields mean sub-

of Iran and the ample US-shale oil output is

macro policy for agriculture. The motto has

optimal use of land, labour, inputs and other

likely to trigger price compression of ethanol

to be “more crop per drop�, and that ethos

natural resources. Reduced output is

Borlaug, the renowned American scientist,

and other biofuels, which in turn will cause a

concerns each unit of power, fertiliser and

responsible for lower income and lower

reduction of consumption of corn and soya.

technological investment.

economic growth, leading to stress in the

That trend will continue to aggravate,

However, the current scenario lends itself to

economy.

causing values of agri-commodities like

diverse views. Do we need to focus wheat

There appears to be congenital apathy in India for GM crops, which are now widely grown in the US and South America. China is

Export of agro & allied items

tied to dedicated

($ bn)

procurement for 7%-8%

the largest importer (74 million tonnes) of

35

farmers? Should we keep

GM soyabeans. But India keeps thwarting

30

importing about 14 million

agricultural progress by stalling on

tonnes of edible oil, with

introduction of GM crops. This supports

annual increments of 1

vested interests in agricultural, industrial and

25 20 15

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

developments or adapted them. The

downward bias will prevail internationally for this dismal performance. The fall in exports of agri-commodity prices. To meet the major agri items has been precipitous, to the competition owing to global changes and

and rice production which is

24

tonnes from 50 million tonnes in the last five

10 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

% annual depreciation in currencies since July 2014 vs $ India Argentina Australia Europe Nigeria Brazil Russia Ukraine

6 12 19 19 25 45 68 100

Source: Foreign trade policy analysis-Deptt of commerce website

million tonnes? Should we

political circles. Why is a fair cost-benefit

to shed our aggression in

analysis not being carried out for GM crops?

oil meals export, where the

Can we stand as an isolated island when it

2015 decline is 52% in FY15, over (PR)

FY 14? Can we afford to

comes to modern agricultural practices? If some modifications in the policy are to be

keep our soy output

introduced for induction of GM crops, let

unchanged at the 10-11

these be deliberated upon.

million tonnes we have

As the economy grow, we will need more

been seeing for the past 5

corn, soy, pulses, wheat, rice, edible oils,

years? Should our

sugar, etc. Unless we don't come up with the

maize/corn production

right blend of policy, we may soon turn

remain at 23-24 million

importers rather than be a producer and

tonnes while Brazil's output

exporter.

has jumped to 80 million

Source : Financial Express

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

Soymeal Exports Decline By 85% In 7 Yrs: Assocham July 2015: Farmers engaged in soy cultivation are highly distressed as India's soyabean meal exports have dropped drastically by about 85% from record level of 4.24 million tonnes (MT) during fiscal year (FY) 2008-09 to a meager 0.64 million ton in 2014-15, noted a just-concluded study by apex industry body ASSOCHAM. Looking at near normal monsoon, the country is expected to reap rich harvest of over 12 million ton soybean meal putting further pressure on the domestic prices as India has become globally uncompetitive and import of soy oil continues to increase.

“This significant slump in soybean meal of speculation and an unrealistic approach in handling established export markets,” according to the study titled 'Soybean: Time to regain lost

Mr Rawat. “Industry should adopt a

production at about 8 million ton

pragmatic approach to revive lost

against a requirement of 18 million

markets on soybean meal export front,”

ton.”

he added.

Source : Business Standard

ground,' conducted by The Associated

A constant rise in

Chambers of Commerce and Industry

edible oil imports

of India (ASSOCHAM).

into the country is

Madhya Pradesh is known as 'Soybean bowl of India,' accounting for lion's share of 60% of total production followed by Maharashtra (30%), while Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Chhattisgarh and Gujarat together account for remaining share of 10%.

“Soybean scenario in India is currently at crossroads due to erratic production, declining soybean meal exports and consequent idling of plants, poor soybean oil output while edible oil imports are growing and currently account for almost 60% of country's total requirement,” said DS Rawat, national secretary general of ASSOCHAM while releasing the findings of the chamber's study.

another alarming aspect highlighted by the study prepared by the Agri-business division of ASSOCHAM. “Edible oil consumption in India is currently growing at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3% thereby placing enormous burden and dependence on imports to meet current

“Unless a targeted approach is initiated,

deficit of 10

India might permanently loose export

million ton due to

market for soybean meal that has been

near stagnant

so assiduously build over decades,” said

domestic

www.benisonmedia.com

exports from India is largely on account

25

POST-EVENT

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

SUMMIT 2015 brings together all Soy Stakeholders All stakeholders involved in animal feed

reputed soy crushers and traders also

and soy industry convened for "Soy

came in and some noted supporters of

USDA/FAS, New Delhi) and Mr. Amit

Partnership Summit (SPS) 2015" on 23-24

the event were Sharma Exports, Sonic

Aradhey (Agriculture Specialist) stressed

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

July in Indore. SPS-USSEC's iconic national Biochem, Ruchi Soya, Merchant Agri,

26

Scott Sindelar (Minister Counselor,

on various tech and trade aspects of U.S

event, seen to spur positive growth in

Vippy Soya, Atul Mundhra & Associates

Soy/ Agriculture and added immense

popularity and commercial utility that is

and Lakanlal & Kantilal Pvt Ltd. Thus the

value to the event. Views presented by Mr.

evident each year. Voluntarily the industry

overall participation and the financial

Bret Davis on Quality Grading of U.S Soy

participation increased by 34% compared

support seen at SPS 2015 was definitely

and Mr. C.D. Simmons speaking on U.S

to the event in 2015 with approximately

an expression of direct “Index of Industry

Sustainability enabled participants to compare advanced farming and trade

400 people attending the main event on

Interest (III)�.

the 23rd July. About 230 outstation

The participants clearly provided feedback process.

participants, mainly representing animal

on five utility avenues that they derived

SPS 2015 also demonstrated how USSEC

husbandry industry from 17 different

from this initiative 1) new knowledge

embraces the ASC (Asia Subcontinent)

Indian provinces comprised the audience

received at the USSEC event, 2) ample

region by having the presence of the

and all of these were soy buyers. The

opportunity to express problems and seek WISHH consultant from Bangladesh (Mr.

seller's side (Soy Crushers and Soy

solutions, 3) network heavily during the

Masum Reja) and the ex-USSEC

Traders) have trusted this event and have

event 4) initiate trade talks and start

consultant from Sri Lanka (Dr. Athula

pitched in strongly with a 118% increase

booking soy meal orders and 5) most of

Mahagamage) who were spokespersons

in funding support compared to 2014,

all have access to a valuable, national data

on U.S Soy trade at the event. They

which helped the marketing mission of

base of buyers and sellers contacts.

expressed how their countries are

SPS 2015.

The U.S Soy Grower Leaders cum board

gradually changing stand on sourcing U.S

For the first time, SOPA (Soybean

members from ASA and USB (Mr. Bret

meal as against meal from their

Processors Association of India) came

Davis and Mr. C.D. Simmons) and Global

immediate neighbor, India for obvious

forward and welcomed the animal feed

Leaders from USSEC's head office in St.

reasons. They advised the Indian industry

industry by hosting the opening dinner

Louis Dr. Drew Klein and Ms. Pam

to correct price and quality if they had to

for the event. Strong support from

Helmsing and USDA/FAS represented by

sustain soy markets and have a continued

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

and a 25-member strong panel comprising of industry stalwarts with experience debated on 14 different soy topics. Of these the main concerns were on S&D, price, quality, logistics and the need for the soy industry to recognize and cater to domestic protein requirements. Before the deliberations were started Scott Sindelar Sindelar (Minister Counselor, USDA/FAS, New Delegates at Soybean Partnership Summit participate in The Soy Talk

Delhi) addressed the audience, how USDA mingled with Indian agriculture and trade to help India progress in different ways.

On the 24th morning the event started with a motivational session where Mr. Soma Valliappan (a renowned writer and trainer) presented his impressions on SPS 2015. Following this session and also all through the two days, soy buyers and sellers were seen continuously

USSEC’s team at Soybean Partnership Summit

networking to discuss trade and carry out their businesses. Few of them also

presence.

elucidated pathways that have to be

engaged with crushers to go on field

Carefully planned knowledge sessions

adopted by the Indian industry for

trips to their soy crushing facilities and

with five selected presentations opened

building businesses using soy as an

arrive at soy buying agreements.

up minds of all participants making them

important protein input. "After 2 years of

wear thinking caps. As a standard practice, struggle in prices of raw material, better the SPS ensured a global S&D update for prices are expected for coming 6 months. soy that spells out trade flows and global

Cattle & Fish feed are sunshine sectors for

trends. "Brazil gained corn stock and

Indian feed sector," added Dr. Bhosale.

In the strong 400+ representation that SPS 2015 witnessed important organizations known for their trade strength and functions were present.

Some of them are USGC (U.S. Grains

hence US corn market share reduced from Dr. Vijay Anand and Dr. Pawan Kumar

Council), ABLE (Association of Biotechnology Led Enterprises), ADM,

75% current 30% ,"said Mr. Paul Smolen,

(USSEC's Feed Program Consultants)

Commodity Analyst, Agri Networks

showed how the “Index of Industry

Management. Huge demand from China

Interest” on SPS developed year after year

limits expansion of US grains expansion in

since its conceptualization in 2009. The

other markets, he added. He dealt with

second part of their presentation of “Soy

the global S&D in great detail.

Industry to our Knowledge” aligned

Dr. C.S. Prakash (Dean, College of Arts and perfectly well with facts and observations that were true to the industry. As per Science, Tuskegee University) cleared many myths and apprehension by

calculations by 2020, Asian Sub continent

discussing Biotech aspects through a topic would require 10.66 MMT of soybean as compared to that of today 5.94 MMT. titled “Science and Safety of Agribiotechnology”.

Quality raw material for feed industry and

Two popular professionals (who also were

stability in the prices are the need of the

past USSEC Program Directors for Feed

hour.

and Human Food sectors), Dr. Dinesh

The post lunch session titled “The Soy

Bhosale and Dr. Suresh Itapu spoke on

Talk” is what most of the participants

current status and future potential for soy

eagerly look forward to; to speak out

in animal feed and human food

and express their feelings on trade

applications in India. These presentations

requirements. Again an almost full house

Bunge India, Cargill India, CLFMA (Compound Livestock Feed Manufacturers Association of India), SEAI (Solvent Extractors Association of India), SFPWA (Soy Food Promotion and Welfare Association), NECC (National Egg Coordination Committee), PFI (Poultry Federation of India), Rabobank, Godrej Agrovet Ltd, Suguna Foods and Feeds, Venkateshwara Hatcheries, CP India, ITC (Indian Tobacco Company), Ruchi Soya, Adani Wilmar, Sonic Biochem, Vippy Soya etc. USSEC believes that winning confidence and soliciting support from all top ranking industry members was certainly an essential part of SPS that will foster trade and posterity.

POST-EVENT

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

2015 edition of Feed Ingredient & Production Exhibition concluded successfully in Cologne Global industry executives from the

organised by trade magazine

their continued support of the exhibitions

animal feed, flour & rice milling, grain

AllAboutFeed was won by Adifo,

as well as for the various products on

processing and biomass pelleting

Belgium.

display.

industries descended on Cologne in

During the three days of the show,

Germany from 9-11 June. These senior

following conferences were organised: the been held at which Henk van de Bunt, the

executives had come to visit the 2015

FIAAP Conference, Aquafeed Horizons,

Earlier in the day a press conference had General Manager of Victam International

edition of the renowned

AEBIOM Pellet Workshop, Petfood Forum

BV announced that Victam, in conjunction

FIAAP/VICTAM/GRAPAS International

Europe 2015, GMP+International Feed

with some of their conference organizers,

exhibition and conferences. Thousands of

Safety Assurance certificate, the IFF Feed

will shortly be launching a new venture.

visitors from as far away as Australia and

Conference and the Global Milling

They will organize a series of industry

every continent, came through the doors

Conference with GRAPAS International

conferences with an additional area where

of the KoelnMesse exhibition centre.

2015.

There were even official parties from

companies will be able to have table-top exhibits at a venue near Cologne in early

Japan, PRC, Thailand, Turkey and Russia.

For the first time ever FEFAC (the European Feed Manufacturers Federation) summer of 2017.

The exhibitors, of which there were 276,

held its Annual General Meeting during

Mr Van de Buntalso announced that

were busy with serious trade enquiries

the event and their members joined the

FIAAP, VICTAM & GRAPAS Asia 2016 will

and discussions, many lasting a long time.

exhibition as well. Additionally Victam

take place from 29 31 March 2016 in

At the end of the first show day following

arranged for free tours to the Vitelia feed

Bangkok, Thailand. It will once again be

winners of the three different innovation

mill and the newly opened Feed Design

held in the superb facilities of the Bangkok

awards were announced:

Lab in the Netherlands which proved very

International Trade and Exhibition Centre

1.

popular with the visitors.

(BITEC). Over half of the available

Victam celebrated its 50th Anniversary

exhibition space for the show is already

The GRAPAS Awards organised by trade magazine Milling and Grain

had joint winners: Alapala, Turkey and with a celebration dinner and an evening 2.

25th year since it first organized a show in

Buhler AG, Switzerland.

of magical entertainment for 500 guests

The Aquafeed Innovation Award

at the elegant Flora and botanical gardens South East Asia.

organised by Aquafeed.com was won in Cologne. During this dinner the President of the Victam Foundation, Mr.

by TovaliaIntelscan, France.

3.

reserved. Victam will also celebrate its

The FIAAP Animal Nutrition Award

Andre Oosterveld thanked the guests for

The exhibitions and conferences will cover animal feed ingredients and additives, aqua feed ingredients and production, biomass pelleting technology, petfood ingredients and production and flour and rice milling & grain processing.

There will be the 2nd meeting of the ASEAN Feed Associations as well as the 2nd edition of the ASEAN FEED& RICE

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

SYMPOSIUM. These will bring together

28

members of the milling associations from throughout Asia with acknowledged industry experts.

Mr. Van de Bunt then announced that he will retire as from the 1st July 2016. He will, however, still be the General Manager for the next event in Bangkok. It is the intention of the Board to appoint a new General Manager to succeed him and that hopefully either he or she will be in Bangkok for the next show so as to be Glimpses of the 2015 edition of FIAAP / VICTAM / GRAPAS International

introduced to the industry.

2015-16

CALENDAR OF EVENTS

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

AUGUST 3rd Global Milling Conference Date: 19-20 August 2015 Venue: Hyderabad, Telangana, India Email: knitin@assocom-india.com

SPACE 2015 Date: 15-18 September 2015 Venue: RENNES Fairgrounds, FRANCE Email: info@space.fr

5th International Grain Conference Date: 19-20 August 2015 Venue: Hyderabad, Telangana, India Email: knitin@assocom-india.com

Globoil India 2015 Date: 28-30 September 2015 Venue: Renaissance Mumbai Convention Centre Hotel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Email: events@teflas.com

Grain Tech India 2015 Date: 21-23 August 2015 Venue: Bangalore International Exhibition Centre, Bangalore, India Email: graintechindia@gmail.com

20th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition Date: 24–27 August 2015 Venue: Prague, Czech Republic Email: espn2015@guarant.cz

SEPTEMBER Poultry Feed Quality Conference Date: 3-4 September 2015 Venue: Bangkok, Thailand Email: events@asian-agribiz.com

ESPN 2015 Date: 3-5 September 2015 Venue: Brussels, Belgium Email: espn2015@flaptour.com.tr

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

ILDEX Indonesia 2015 Date: 08-10 October 2015 Venue: Jiexpo, Jakarta, Indonesia Email: panadda@vnuexhibitionsap.com

AQUACULTURE EUROPE 2015 Date: 20-23 October 2015 Venue: Rotterdam, NETHERLANDS Email: info@info.ntnu.no

NOVEMBER Poultry India 2015 Date: 25-27 November 2015 Venue: Hitex, Hyderabad, India Email: info@poultryindia.co.in

FEBRUARY VIV MEA 2016 Date: 16-18 February 2016 Venue: Abu Dhabi Email: renate.wiendels@vnuexhibitions.com

CLFMA Symposium 2015 Date: 10-11 September 2015 Venue: Jaipur, India Email: edclfma@gmail.com

30

OCTOBER

MARCH Livestock Asia 2015 Date: 21-23 September 2015 Venue: Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre, Malaysia Email: duangcheewan.j@ubm.com

FIAAP / VICTAM Asia 2016 Date: 29-31 March 2016 Venue: Bangkok, Thailand Email: patriciaheimgartner@victam.com

To list any industry event related to Grain & Feed industry please write us at editor@benisonmedia.com