Think Grain Think Feed December 2020

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Volume 7 | Issue 2 December-2020

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Monthly Magazine for Feed Technology

EDITORIAL Publisher & Editor Prachi Arora prachi.a@benisonmedia.com

Managing Editor

How Indian dairy can support COVID-19 vaccine distribution?

Y

ear 2020 is coming to an end, which shall be remembered

in the annals of world history as the year of world wide

spread of Covid Pandemic infection. The deadly infection

Dr. T.K. Walli Former Head, Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI

Subscription Head Gaurav Chander g.chander@benisonmedia.com

has put the whole of the world human population on red alert and under the constant fear of death. Though the recovery rate has been quite high, still almost a million people lost their lives worldwide till now through this pandemic. Since the normal life has been derailed in every sphere of human activity, it is but natural that the world economy has been hit the hardest. Rather it

Designing & Online Marketing Head Ashwani Verma info@benisonmedia.com

has been a unique year in terms of shocks given to the global economy. However, in spite of all the odds, human spirit wants to fight back and survive. Given below are certain developments viz a

Published by

viz our livestock industry.

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India is perhaps planning to use the bull semen transport network for COVID-19 vaccine distribution. The authorities have discovered that the cold-storage system which is already in place for the nationwide programme of artificial insemination of cattle, could be suitable and scalable for use in vaccine distribution. Though there are issues like the temperature requirement for various developed vaccines being between minus 18 degrees Celsius to minus 90 degrees Celsius, while semen collected from bulls is transported at minus 196 degrees Celsius. Coming months will reveal if we would be able to use this existing infrastructure of AI network for the purpose of Covid vaccine distribution.

Another major threat to livestock industry is African swine fever (ASF) which continues to grow in a number of countries across the world. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United

Monthly Magazine for Feed Technology

Nations (FAO) and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) launched the Global Control ASF Initiative to stop the spread of African swine fever (ASF). As per Monique Eloit, Director-General of OIE, this corresponds to the biggest animal disease outbreak of our generation.

Bird flu is also adding to the worries of the global Poultry industry where many countries are facing the threat and trying to control.

Please read page 28 for further updates.

We earnestly hope that things shall change for better in the coming year!

Prachi Arora

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Dr. Dinesh T. Bhosale Former Chairman, CLFMA of India Dr. S.P. Vinil Poultry Expert Mr. Amit Sachdev Indian Representative, US Grain Council Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand US Soybean Export Council Dr. Suhas Amrutkar Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition, MAFSU, Parbhani Dr. SN Mohanty Former Principal Scientist, CIFA Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta Agricultural Economist Raghavan Sampath Kumar Commodity Expert Dr. Swamy Haladi Feed Additive Expert Dr. R Gnana Sekar Lead Consultant, GS Dairy Farm Consulting Dr. Suraj Amrutkar Assistant Professor, Dept. of ILFC, SKUAST-J, Jammu

MonthlyVollume Magazine for 10 Feed Technology 1 | Issue | August 2015

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Dec 2020

Contents R&D

INDUSTRY NEWS

05 Innovative feed may reduce up to 20% in Shrimp production cost

06 Tightening supply-demand outlook for Maize 11 Silage technology to meet growing quality cattle feed demand in Bangladesh

INTERVIEW 08 Trouw Nutrition to cater South-Asian market with its new facility in India

18 Indian soymeal exports set to rise on improved parity in global markets 26 Moisture control to produce safe feed

ARTICLE

12 Bacterial Probiotics - An ideal choice to improve growth, performance and immunity in poultry

28 Bird flu – Another shock for global poultry industry

20 Mycotoxicosis: An insidious threat to the poultry industry

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Innovative feed may reduce up to 20% in Shrimp production cost per cent of the production cost. Further, this Desi Feed is a compliment to shrimp feed sector in India, which is mostly led by multi-national feed companies,” said Dr KK Vijayan, director of CIBA.

Innovative companies involved in shrimp feed production and adding value to fish processing byproducts have been recognised in India's 2020 National Fisheries Awards.

Sai Aqua Feeds, a startup from Andhra Pradesh which adopted technology developed by the ICARCentral Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIBA) to formulate shrimp feed, won the Best Fisheries Enterprises award.

Called Vannamei Plus, the feed can reduce the production cost in shrimp aquaculture by 20 percent. It was developed as an alternative to costly foreign feeds in line with the Indian government's “Make in India” drive.

“In shrimp aquaculture, the feed constitutes around 60

The company started operation in 2017 and has recorded an average annual production of 2,585 tonnes.

Many shrimp farms in Guntur district remained unaffected by the Covid-induced lockdown, as the company managed to supply them with feeds. Apart from Andhra Pradesh, the company is also able to supply farmers in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, West Bengal and Odisha.

Nambikkai Fish Farmers group in Tamil Nadu has won this year's 'Best Fisheries Self-Help Group' award instituted by the National Fisheries Development Board under the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying.

The self-help group from Pattinapakkam in Chennai bagged the award for successfully adopting the technology — conversion of fish wastes into value-added products — developed by the Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture.

The products have been developed under CIBA's 'Waste to Wealth' initiative in

line with the Swachh Bharat mission of the central government.

The group produced over 16 tonnes of value-added products and attained an annual turnover of Rs. 1.68 million. The group has seven members, all from the Scheduled Cast community, and four of them are women.

Despite the pandemic, the group managed to earn Rs. 2 lakhs as livelihood support by collecting fish waste and fish trimmings from processing companies and markets.

“This technology of CIBA has the potential to propagate across the country in cleaning the fish markets and also providing alternative livelihood to many as a circular economy,” said Dr Vijayan, “This award is a recognition of our hard work and gives enormous confidence to upscale the production,” said T Kennit Raj, head of the group. “The CIBA's training was very much effective in materialising its technology in a viable way.”

“We are happy that the technologies developed by CIBA reach out to the targeted community and emerge as the best livelihood option for them,” said Dr Vijayan.

Source: thehindubusnessline

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R&D

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Dec 2020

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INDUSTRY NEWS

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Dec 2020

Tightening supply-demand outlook for Maize The global maize (corn) market is seen ruling firm this season despite projections of record production as consumption has been projected higher, particularly for non-food used by China, and closing stocks are seen lower for the third consecutive year.

The projections are bound to be bitter-sweet news for India during the current season (July 2020-June 2021), which could make growers happy, but leave the user industry, particularly poultry and starch sectors that are primary consumers, worried.

The production estimates have been lowered this month by at least 10 million tonnes by two global agencies - the International Grains Council (IGC) and Agricultural Market Information Service (AMIS) of Food and Agricultural Organization, a UN body from the estimates made last month.

On its part, the US Department of Agriculture's World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) has cut production by five million tonnes compared to last month.

The three agencies are forecasting maize production between 1.14 billion tonnes and 1.16 billion tonnes, up from last season's output pegged

06

between 1.1 billion tonnes and 1.14 billion tonnes. The projection is lower due to cuts in European Union, Ukraine, and the US outputs.

India's Kharif maize production, according to the first advance estimate of the Ministry of Agriculture's production of food grain, has been projected at 19.88 million tonnes against 19.63 million tonnes last year.

Maize prices have gained over 30 percent in the last six months with the rates rising 15.5 percent between September and October. In the global market, maize prices are currently ruling between $224 and $238 (Rs 16,560-17,600) a tonne compared with the October average price of $229 (Rs 16,930).

In India, maize prices are currently ruling between Rs 1,350 and Rs 1,400 a quintal compared with the minimum support price of Rs 1,850. However, in user zones such as Namakkal, the hub of the poultry industry, they are ruling at Rs 1,800.

IGC said China's maize imports were set to rise sharply this season. WASDE said Beijing would buy more than the tariff rate quota, which makes shipments eligible for lower or zero customs duty, of 7.2 million tonnes.

In India, rising demand from the poultry and starch sectors saw maize imports rising to 3.2 lakh tonnes, apart from last season's production of 28.64 million tonnes, including 9.01 million tonnes during the rabi season.

IGC has projected global maize consumption at 1.17 billion tonnes this season against 1.15 billion tonnes last season. AMIS also came up with a similar margin against 1.14 billion tonnes, while WASE pegged it at 1.15 billion tonnes against 1.11 billion tonnes the previous season.

AMIS said maize trade was set to expand strongly to a new record in Asia, South America and the European Union this season. IGC also projected new peaks for food and fuel use.

AMIS pegged the closing stocks at 345.8 million tonnes against 354.8 last season, while WASDE estimated the closing stocks at 291.1 million tonnes. It projected expansion in demand for maize in view of a drop in projected production and carryover stocks.

As of now, prices in India are under control particularly since industrial use such as starch is yet to peak.

Source: moneycontrol

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Dec 2020

Image Source: Feed Navigator

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INTERVIEW

Trouw Nutrition to cater South-Asian market with its new facility in India Trouw Nutrition, part of the Netherlands-based Nutreco started its journey in India in the year 2013, has established a manufacturing facility, its first in India, at Jadcherla near Hyderabad. The factory was virtually inaugurated by the ambassador of Netherlands, Marten Dr. Saurabh Shekhar

Van Den Berg on 11 December 2020.

In an e-interview with Think Grain Think Feed, Dr. Saurabh Shekhar, Managing Director, Trouw Nutrition South Asia shared more details about the expansion and market opportunities that the company sees in Indian market. Read the excepts below: Would you please share about the greenfield project of Trouw Nutrition? How it would bring value to Indian customers?

South Asia and India are key to our mission of Feeding the Future and the state-of-the-art production facility in Jadcherla, Hyderabad reinforces our commitment to the South Asian market. The production facility marks the first greenfield project of Nutreco, 20,000 MT plant that is equipped with high-end technology to deliver superior quality vitamin, mineral

08

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Dec 2020

of the entire South Asia and is expected to clock full capacity utilisation by 2025.

The company is coming up with unique premixing technology with its 90 years of experience. Can you share more details about it?

Trouw Nutrition completes 90 years in 2021, and the stateof-the-art production facility, located at Jadcherla, Hyderabad has following key features: ·A unique high-end

technology to ensure

feed safety solutions for all species.

In India, we had operations since 2013 through our sales representative office, however in order to bring added value to our customers, post 2017 we have heavily focused on building a team of subjectmatter specialists who can drive our core values - Caring, Capable, Collaborative and Innovative. While at the same time, with the production facility we also aim to bring

Telangana is centrally located

that we have the best

which is one of the most

quality of premix for our

investor-friendly states and

customers.

also a major belt for poultry

·We ensure end-to-end

premixes, mineral blends and

“

The company, which is a part of the Netherlands-based Nutreco, is also setting up a feed manufacturing plant in Gujarat, which is expected to be ready either next year or in early 2022.

Together, the two facilities would entail an investment of euro 20 million. The company is also looking at acquisitions in the animal feed value chain in India.

“

will cater to the market needs

and aqua with logistical

Quality and Traceability

access to good ports. We are

through our company-

certain that with this new

wide program, Nutrace.

plant we will serve our

Through Nutrace we

customers' demand for

focus on all aspects of

quality products.

quality with added

Global Protein Outlook

emphasis on feed-to-

2021 by Rabobank predicts

food safety.

Indian Poultry production

·The facility ensures that

in 2021 to return near to

the final product

2020-levels. Your

remains untouched by

thoughts?

hand through complete

We are optimistic on the

automation from raw

Indian Poultry Production

material handling to

trends. While we have seen

automatic bagging.

an impact of COVID-19

·With a tower height of

throughout the industry

45 m. we have vertical

even before COVID-19 had

flow technology to

hit India because of false

ensure high quality

rumours regarding

homogenous premix.

consumption of meat and

·The entire factory has

egg. The industry was

efficiencies through better

food grade equipment

impacted with lower

lead times and providing

for highest quality and

placement, less feed

customizations to our

safety.

production and crash in

customers. The new facility

This unique premix facility in

market prices. However, this

09

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INTERVIEW

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Dec 2020

has also been an opportunity

10

industry and to fulfil the

As global leaders we have a

for all of us since the industry

needs of a growing

huge focus on quality of all

started aggressively

population for animal protein,

our products through a very

promoting benefits of

the entire production value

stringent vendor assurance

consuming meat, milk and

chain is geared up for that.

and material risk assessment

egg to improve immunity.

The industry has always been

programs. To ensure feed-to-

The industry is bouncing back

a producer of safe meat, milk

food safety, quality and

with a positive trend on end

and egg and the regulations

traceability we follow a

product prices.

will only make it stronger.

company-wide program,

The current consumer trends

Consumption of

NutraceÂŽ. We ensure

also demand for safe food

Antimicrobials usage is

uncompromising standards

with responsible usage of

predicted to increase by

from raw materials to finished

antibiotics, processed chicken

67% by 2030 compared to

products nullifying our

and utilization of digital

2010 levels and Asia would

customers' risk. We follow a

technology/IoT platforms to

be a key region. How do

completely transparent

improve efficiency and

you see the AMR adoption

operation with stringent five-

productivity.

in the Asian market?

step quality checks for

We are a consuming

We strongly believe in the

customer confidence and

economy with all the

responsible usage of

satisfaction.

production currently being

antibiotics, while it is certainly

Through Nuterra, a Nutreco-

consumed locally. To sustain

difficult to completely replace

wide sustainability

the huge demand from a

antibiotics, but responsible

programme, we hold

growing population, with

usage is critical. AMR

ourselves accountable

India expected to have the

adoption in Asia will be driven

towards our environment.

largest population in the

by increasing awareness and

Our sustainability goals are

world by 2025, we definitely

demand from consumers for

also aligned with UN

need to look at cost-effective

safe meat and increasingly

Sustainable Development

measures for improving

stringent regulations.

Goals. As a commitment to

production. There are

Globally we had done this

our sustainability goals, we

opportunities for exports and

successfully by partnering

have also taken measures in

value-added products.

with our customers and

our recently inaugurated

Farmers need to look at an

supporting them in their drive

premix facility to ensure that

integrated approach of Farm,

for responsible usage of

we leave minimum carbon

Feed and Health to produce

antibiotics. We recommend a

footprints. We have invested

high quality products and

more holistic approach to

in sustainability efforts like

capture the available

addressing this issue by

rainwater harvesting and

opportunities.

focusing on optimisation of

sewage effluent treatment

How do you see the impact

the total production chain.

plants to ensure that we

of FSSAI regulations on the

Our Gut Health Programme is

recharge rainwater back to

Indian feed industry?

a proven model of success

earth and reuse our liquid

As mentioned, even with

globally since gut forms a

waste.

COVID-19 we had seen a

critical component of overall

How NOA (Nutriopt On Site

change in consumer trends

animal health, immunity and

Advisor) could help the

and there is a demand for

performance.

feed producer? Would you

safe food. FSSAI regulations

What strategies is Trouw

also share about its

shall also emphasize the

implementing to ensure

acceptance in India?

same. As a progressive

quality and traceability?

Our business goals, in

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Dec 2020

focus area of innovation, we

of raw materials and is

“Feeding the Future�, are to

have NutriOpt – an

powered by our

ensure sustainable

innovative, digital platform

comprehensive NutriOpt

development to feed our

that encompasses raw

database to help the farmers

future generations. One of

material data, least cost

in quicker decision-making.

the key aspects for this is to

formulation, feeding

We have promoted the

ensure optimization of natural

programmes, nutritional

unique service to our

resources through precision

insights and system

customers since 2018 who

nutrition. We use digital tools

optimization to support

have been extremely

and big data to sustainably

sustainable precision farming.

receptive and have

improve feeding and farming

NutriOpt On-site Adviser

enthusiastically adopted the

practices while meeting

(NOA) is an innovation that

technology for its ease of use

production objectives. With

brings a lab to sample by

and convenience.

precision nutrition as a key

helping in real-time analysis

INDUSTRY NEWS

alignment with our mission

Silage technology to meet growing quality cattle feed demand in Bangladesh The government has taken a major initiative to make the cultivation of high-yielding grass variety and silage technology popular among farmers in order to meet the growing demand for quality cattle feed across the country.

A project, titled 'Expansion of High Variety of Grass Cultivation and Transfer of Suitable Technology to Improve Animal Nutrition', has been recently undertaken by the Fisheries and Livestock Ministry. The Department of Livestock Services will implement the Tk 1.17 billion project in 475 upazilas of Bangladesh by March 2024, UNB has learnt.

The cultivation of highquality grass will be suitable for the development of livestock in the country, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina said.

Under the scheme, permanent grass germplasm

nursery will be created at the Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm at Savar in Dhaka and some 8,970 exhibition plots of high-yielding grass variety will be set up at the farmer-level. Besides, silage technology will be transferred to 17,940 farmers to preserve raw grass in modern and scientific ways.

The other major project operations are distribution of feed additives (VitaminMineral Premix), deworming and enhancing public awareness. The implementation of the project will not only contribute to the increase in milk and meat production, but also play a role in helping create selfemployment for marginalised people in rural areas, officials said.

"Now the farmers need to depend on granular feed as raw grass meets only onethird of the cattle feed

demand, resulting in rise in production cost. Particularly the milk production cost," said Planning Commission Member Zakir Hossain Akanda. "Currently, the milk production cost is some Tk 40 per liter. So, the farmers are mostly interested in fattening the cow for meat."

The project has been undertaken to popularise the cultivation of the improved variety of Napier Pakchong grass with a view to promoting the commercial livestock farming, said Zakir Hossain.

The Planning Commission member said that the production of Napier and German grasses is 6.0-7.0 million metric tonnes in the country. The cultivation of Napier grass started 20 years ago in the country. Now the developed world has started the cultivation of Pakchong, a hybrid variety of Napier grass, he added.

Source: Financial express

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Dec 2020

Image Source: NutraIngredients.com

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ARTICLE

Bacterial Probiotics An ideal choice to improve growth, performance and immunity in poultry Zeus Biotech Poultry & livestock farmers are an integral part of the food producing chain and continuously look for ideal solutions that can ensure animal's health and productivity in a sustainable way.

To consistently improve performance, we have to take many factors into consideration; genetics of bird, farm management, feed production technology, raw material management, farm bio-security, water quality, and disease management.

The demand and supply for intensive farming calls for use of vaccines, healthcare and biosecurity protocols to be in place to reduce pathogen pressures. Enteric diseases are an important concern to the poultry industry today due to their significant impact on mortality, productivity and overall profitability of the flock.

Gut health is of prime concern in the poultry & livestock farming, as it has high impact on performance, production and mortality. In recent times, the term “gut health� has become increasingly deliberate as part of preventive medicine strategy. Traditionally, sub-therapeutic

12

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Dec 2020

acids, herbal extracts and essential oils have been tried successfully to improve the performance of birds and livestock. Supplementation of pro-biotics in feed has been proven to be one of the most promising and effective approaches to improve the gut health and promote growth.

doses of antibiotics have been used to improve gut health, prevent diseases, and enhance growth of birds and livestock. However, such an approach off late has been discouraged worldwide due to increasing concerns about presence of antibiotic residues in poultry and livestock products, challenges of AMR and potential for ban on antibiotic usage. There is significant interest among the feed manufacturers and integrators in finding suitable alternatives to antibiotics for animal production. Many natural alternatives such as probiotics, pre-biotics, organic

Probiotics are live bacteria which beneficially affect the host animal by improving its gut health and gut immunity.

A variety of microbial species have been used as probiotics, including species of Bacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus along with a variety of yeast species.

Today's commercial birds and livestock are highly sensitive due to their natural selection for fast growth.

Sudden change in management, environment, nutrition and healthcare will prompt imbalance in the intestinal microbiota and allows harmful bacteria to take upper hand over beneficial bacteria. Many commercial probiotic formulations are emerged as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters to supplement the beneficial bacterial at one end and reduce the harmful bacteria through competitive exclusion and elimination on the other.

1. Non-Spore forming Probiotics:

harvested and provided immediately to birds through water or mash feed.

However, the real challenge is, this type of probiotics derived from non-spore forming bacteria are sensitive to pelleting temperatures and cannot be stored for long time since they become less effective with time. Hence, using non-spore forming bacteria is impractical under intensive farming and organized farming systems.

Spore forming bacteria are thermo-stable and are capable of germinating quickly upon ingestion in the 2. Spore forming probiotics:

PROBIOTICS are of two types: Probiotics that are derived from non-spore forming bacteria are very effective if they can be freshly prepared,

13

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ARTICLE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Dec 2020

chicken intestine (Casula and Cutting, 2002; Hoa et al, 2000). The multiplication, colonization and establishment of the probiotic bacteria depend on the specific strains and species we select to develop the commercial probiotic preparations. Having multiple strains of bacteria in a probiotic product is preferred over single one, simply because their effect is additive and offer a broadspectrum protection against various gut pathogens, supporting the digestive system, release of beneficial metabolites, etc.

Proven Bacterial Probiotics for Poultry and Livestock Today many companies have been involved in manufacturing of selected, heat-resistant, spore-forming Bacillus species which can significantly reduce Clostridium, E.coli and Salmonella when administered at recommended dosages.

Zeus Biotech, specialized in fermentation technology since 1991, has adopted a novel and simple technique for developing probiotics by sub merged fermentation.

The research team of Zeus Biotech has been involved in isolation and selection of potential strains of Bacillus Composition of multiple strain Bacterial Probiotic* (Billion Spores per kg) B. subtilis DSMZ 33082 B. coagulans DSMZ 33080 B.licheniformis DSMZ 33081 B.megaterium MTCC 25207 B.mesentricus MTCC 25208 B.polymyxa MTCC 25195

14

: : : : : :

2000 1000 500 500 500 500

bacteria and yeast: Saccharomyces cervisiae spp. from last three decades.

These cultures are preserved under safe and patent deposits at MTCC (Microbial Type Culture Collection & Gene Bank, India), and DSMZ (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Culture, Germany) to produce commercial probiotic preparations for optimum performance in poultry and other livestock.

Research studies at Zeus Biotech on bacterial probiotics have been focused on developing commercial bacterial probiotic combinations for reduction of pathogenic bacteria and to improve antibody titers for vaccines under farm conditions.

A scientific study was conducted at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore to evaluate multiple strain based Bacterial probiotic* (in water) for its potential beneficial effects in broilers. The composition of bacterial probiotic used for the trial was a unique combination of spore forming bacteria fortified with a versatile yeast, Saccharomyces boulardii.

Fortified with Saccharomyces boulardii. MTCC 25216 Total viable count: 5000 Billion (5 x 1012) Further, the intestinal contents of chicken were subjected to the total viable counts of Salmonella,

Clostridia and Escherichia coli. The antibody titer against New Castle Disease Virus was carried out by HA followed by HI test. The antibodies against IBDV were measured by using Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center (PDRC) indirect ELISA Kit. The gut pathogenic microbial load viz., Clostridium perfringens, E. coli and Salmonella counts in the birds supplemented with probiotic combination were significantly lower than those in the control group. The probiotic combination used for the study had multiple strains of beneficial bacteria which would have occupied all the receptor sites giving no or less chance to pathogenic bacteria thus reducing gut pathogens and improving health. The cumulative FCR was better in all probiotic supplemented groups compared to the control group. Probiotic supplementation also significantly improved the immune response in terms of antibody titers against New castle disease virus and Infectious bursal disease virus. These results indicate that Bacterial probiotic combination is able to offer cumulative benefits of producing digestive enzymes and organic acids in addition to competitive exclusion of pathogens, exerting desirable effects such as improved gut health, performance and overall immunity of the animals (Table A).

A farm trial in Philippines

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ARTICLE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Dec 2020

TABLE A Treatment

Description

5thwk FCR

Clostridium perfringens logCFU/g

E. coli logCFU/g

Samonella logCFU/g

ND Log10 (HI titer)

IBD ELISA titer

T1

Control

1.63

4.382 a

6.772a

5.145a

0.903 b

1268ab

T2

Probiotic, Multiple species 20g 0 – 7 days, 10g 8 -35 days (water)

1.61

3.606

bc

5.841

Probiotic, Multiple species 50g 0-2 days, 10g 3-35 days (water)

1.58

3.269

c

0.016

0.138

T3

Pooled SE

was conducted to check the effect of multi strain probiotic on the length of intestinal villi. An 18% increase in the villi length was observed in the birds administered with multistrain probiotic compared to control group indicating probiotics helping in better absorption area and development of gut system.

Healthy and longer villi indicate good gut health and better absorption of nutrients leading to better farm performance.

(Larrybeth Farm, Philippines).

Probiotics – Ideal for Chicks during Critical periods: Probiotics are the right choice for many farmers

ab

4.731

a

1.104

ab

1286

5.597

b

0.190

3.869

b

1.405

ab

1461

0.157

0.045

especially during the arrival of chicks. Early age is highly challenging stage in bird's life across Breeders, Broilers and Layers. The chick's gut is sterile on day one and open for establishment of both beneficial and pathogenic bacteria. The chicks are sensitive in their young age and are subjected to several types of stress such as, Improper brooding temperature, vaccination, heat stress, physical handling, disease challenges etc, which may allow gut disorders to set in. Inclusion of an effective multi-strain probiotic as early as possible is the best way to avoid establishment of pathogenic bacteria in the gut and helps

Dr. Maxmillan Anderson, 2011, Larrybeth Farm, Philippines.

ab

a

39.1

in keeping overall health and immunity of the birds.

Probiotics can be used in different ways on chicks 1.

Spray on newly pulled chicks. By virtue of natural pecking behavior, chicks get their first dose of probiotic bacteria from neighboring chicks.

2.

Dipping beak at hatchery level.

3.

Spray on paper, waterers, feeders and other equipments.

A 30-day observation in layer chicks at a commercial farm in Namakkal, India revealed significantly less mortality in the probiotic supplemented group during the first six weeks of chick's life.

Probiotic supplementation would have helped by improving the immunity of birds to overcome the early stress situations.

Conclusion: Poultry and livestock farmers are facing lot of challenges through the process of raising the animals till marketing their final

16

With multi-strain Probiotic

Cost effective production

Parameter

Control

Multistrain Probiotic

plays a major role for their

No. of Birds

17000

17000

survival and growth of the

Mortality (birds)

944

869

business. In order to achieve

% Improvement

-

7.94

optimum farm results, gut health is highly crucial which

Without Probiotic

Commercial farm Vinaya/Zeus, at Namakkal, 30 days trial. DOSAGE - 20 g/1000 birds daily for first 5-7 days thereafter 10 g/1000 birds.

is dependent on the right

multiple species of beneficial,

balance of the

stable and potential bacterial

gastrointestinal microflora.

strains with optimal counts

The farmer, healthcare

will simply be a wise decision

professional or the

since the effects are multi-

nutritionist has to be very

directional giving a broader

careful in choosing best

coverage against disease

quality raw materials and

causing pathogens. Many

relevant feed additives

scientific and commercial

including probiotics in his

trial results have indicated

formulations while aiming

that multi-strain spore

better performance. There

forming probiotics (available

are many commercial

both as feed additive and

formulations of probiotics

water-soluble options) could

having either one or two

be an ideal choice to

product price is highly

species of bacteria or a

improve growth,

fluctuating and farmers

combination of multiple

performance, immunity and

having little or no control

strains with varying counts.

reduce gut pathogenic load

over the marketing process.

Choosing a product having

in poultry production.

produce. Since the end

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Dec 2020

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INDUSTRY NEWS

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Dec 2020

Indian soymeal exports set to rise on improved parity in global markets Amid the recent rally in the international prices, exporting soymeal from India has once again become competitive, thereby improving the export prospects as against last year.

As per SOPA's latest estimates released recently, soymeal exports for the oil year 202021 (October 2020-September 2021) is likely to be about 14 lakh tonnes (lt) as against 6.46 lakh tonnes in the same period last year. Exports for OctoberNovember have more than doubled to 3.25 lt (1.46 lt) the main destinations being Belgium, France and Iran.

“Exports are looking good.

Because of the recent worldwide rally in the prices Indian soymeal has become competitive. We are normally priced higher than the international prices but this year we have an advantage and can look to achieve 14 lakh tonnes or more of exports,” said DN Pathak, Executive Director, SOPA.

likely to conduct a crop survey later in January.

Projections SOPA's estimates put production at 104.55 lt, import of 3 lt during the year and about 5.16 lt of carryover stock from the last year. The total availability of the seed is projected at 112.71 lt. SOPA is

Arrivals during the first two months of the oil year — October and November — are reported at 28 lt (30.5 lt). On the consumption side, while about 12 lt is likely to be retained for sowing, and 2.5 lt is projected to go for direct consumption, about 90 lt will go for crushing. Soymeal production is estimated at 73.21 lt, of which 51 lt is projected to be domestic consumption for animal feed, and 14 lt of exports during the year. Consumption in the food is likely to be 7 lakh tonnes.

Source: businessline

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Now you may ask all your queries directly to the Industry experts and get their answers.

CATEGORIES Feed Safety Animal Nutrition - Poultry Feed Processing Feed Storage

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Dec 2020

A decline in EU feed output for 2020 - FEFAC forecast EU compound feed

compensated by rising

during the summer months, a

production (EU 27+UK) for

demand in Eastern Europe

further decrease is expected

farmed animals in 2020 is

where drought conditions

by the end of the year, mainly

estimated at 161.4 million

led to poor forage harvests,

in Romania, Ireland and Spain.

tonnes, a decrease of 2.2%

FEFAC said.

Avian influenza spreading in

compared to 2019, according

Concerning EU pig feed

several parts of Europe will

to forecast data by the

production, a decrease of

hamper any recovery on the

European Compound Feed

1.1% has been forecast by

ground. It noted that poultry

Manufacturers Federations.

FEFAC. Spreading African

feed production may possibly

The report, released on Nov.

Swine Fever triggered the

lose its position as leading

5, said all main feed

Chinese import ban of pig

segment EU industrial

categories are set to decrease,

meat from Germany. Spain

compound feed production

mainly as a result of the

can only partially replace

to pig feed for the first time in

combined indirect impact of

Germany in exporting to

more than a decade as a

COVID-19 affecting consumer

China, due to limited

result of a continuous

demand for products of

production capacity, the

animal origin and the direct effects of the spread of animal diseases (African Swine Fever, Avian influenza).

Cattle feed production, which

report said.

FEFAC said a knock-on effect of the ban is that pig meat initially destined for export to China will stay in Europe,

is estimated to decrease by

impacting pig feed

2.9% compared to the

production. On top of ASF,

previous year, is suffering

some member states, (e.g.

most from the COVID-19

The Netherlands), are

measures applied during the first and second waves, in particular the closure of the HORECA chain (Hotel/Restaurant/Catering), according to FEFAC. The decreased demand for more expensive cuts of meat, like veal, fresh meat and added valued dairy products, have impacted the whole supply chain. Farmers have reduced usage of compound feed in their feed ratios in order to reduce milk output and slow growth of livestock.

This was only partially

downward trend.

Source: Sosland publishing

depopulating their pig herds in order to lower agricultural environmental emissions.

Poultry feed production is set to decrease by 2.7% after several years of steady increases, the report showed. The poultry sector reacted to the COVID-19 lockdown measures launched in spring 2020 by reducing its production, leading to significantly lower demand for poultry feed.

FEFAC noted that following a period of partial recovery

07 19

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Dec 2020

Image Source: Mycotoxinsite

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ARTICLE

Mycotoxicosis: An insidious threat to the poultry industry Anshul Gautam, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Introduction Mycotoxicosis is caused by natural toxins [mycotoxins] produced by fungus, which has rather become a global concern. The disease significantly impacts the health and productivity of poultry species. The symptoms produced are not straight forward. The disease is produced when the mycotoxins are fed in small amounts through feed for a longer period of time.

When the mycotoxins enter the body of the bird, it affects the functioning of important organs, making the birds immunocompromised, resulting in the bird becoming prone to other bacterial and viral infection, which can ultimately lead to decline in performance and occurrence of undesirable changes in the birds. Thus, the presence of mycotoxins in poultry feed can result in significant economic losses in poultry production. The awareness on the prevalence of mycotoxicosis is very minimal among the poultry farmers and producers. There is also a lack of available modern techniques available to analyze the disease. In order to prevent the losses caused by mycotoxicosis, an overview of the disease and its prevention and control measures have been discussed in this article.

20

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Dec 2020

in food grains and feed

whereas chickens, quails, and

during crop production,

guinea fowl are relatively

harvesting, storage, intake,

resistant. Domestic turkey

consumption and

[Meleagris gallopavo] is the

subsequent intoxication of

most susceptible one.

which produce disease

Adverse effects produced in

leading to

aflatoxicosis includes –

immunosuppressive

·Bile duct epithelium

condition and hampered

hyperplasia,

production potential.

degenerative and

Pathogenesis

necrotic hepatocytes,

Mycotoxins exert their effect

nodular hyperplasia of

through 3 primary

liver parenchyma with

mechanisms –

infiltration of

1.

A reduction in the

polymorphonuclear

amount of nutrients

lymphocytes in portal

available for use by the

cells

bird.

2.

3.

·Affect thymus and

Effect on endocrine and

bursa of fabricius

exocrine systems.

making the bird

Suppression of the

susceptible to other

immune system.

infections like CRD, colibacillosis, Ranikhet

Important Mycotoxicosis

disease.

Conditions with Their Effects

·Carcass bruising,

hypocarotenoidemia,

Aflatoxicosis- Caused by

steatorrhea, changes in

Etiology

hepatotoxic and carcinogenic

There are hundreds of

metabolites, Aflatoxins.

mycotoxins known but only

Aflatoxins B1, G1 and their

some exert pathogenic

dihydoxy derivatives B2 and

toxic condition of poultry

characteristics. Major

G2 naturally contaminate

caused by nephrotoxins,

mycotoxins are produced by

the feed. Aflatoxin B1 is the

ochratoxin. Most frequent

3 genus- Aspergillus,

most common and is a pre-

form is ochratoxin A

penicillium, fusarium. Some

carcinogen.

followed by its non-

important mycotoxicosis

Susceptibility varies as

conditions caused are-

ducklings, pheasants, turkeys

The toxins can be produced

being the most susceptible

organ weights.

Ochratoxicosis- Quite a

chlorinated metabolite ochratoxin B and ethyl ester form ochratoxin C. Adverse effects produced

1- Various Mycotoxicosis with respective etiological agent

are-

Disease Conditions

Etiological Agents

Aflatoxicosis

Aspergillus flavus

with sometimes mucosal

Ochratoxicosis

Penicillium viridicatum, Aspergillus

erosions, catarrhal

flavus

enteritis and

·A dry and firm gizzard

Fusarium sp.

proventricular

Citrinin toxicity

Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp.

haemorrhages.

Ergot alkaloid toxicity

Claviceps sp.

Tricothecenes toxicity

·Visceral gout with white

21

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ARTICLE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Dec 2020

urate deposits

the wings, hysteroid

Necropsy and related

throughout the body

seizures or an impaired

diagnostics tests should

cavity and internal

righting reflex.

accompany feed analysis for

organs. ·Impaired coagulation of

definitive diagnosis.

bursa of fabricius,

Thin layer chromatography

blood, impaired

leucopenia, proteinemia,

and ELISA method are

phagocytosis, anemia,

abnormal blood

relatively easy and rapid

decreased skeletal

coagulation.

technologies for mycotoxins

integrity. ·Nephropathy;

degenerative /necrotic changes which are more pronounced in proximal convoluted tubules than distal. ·Reduced spontaneous

activity, hypothermia, huddling, diarrhea, rapid weight loss and death.

Citrinin Toxicity- It also

detection.

produces nephrotoxicity like

Prevention

ochratoxicosis.

1.

Other effect produced are:

Always use good quality feed. Physically

·Hepatic degeneration,

damaged feed such as

sinusoidal congestion.

cereal are more prone

·Neurotoxicity,

for mycotoxins

teratogenicity.

production. So, care

Ergotisms

should be taken at

·It targets the nervous

different steps like

Ochratoxin A also causes

system, causing

harvesting, purchase,

hypocarotenoidemia which

convulsive and sensory

storage and feeding. The

has more severe affects in

neurologic disorder

feed samples should be

broilers than Aflatoxins.

Aflatoxicosis and Ochratoxicosis results in a

·In the vascular system

checked at every stage.

causes vasoconstriction

Also, the feed sample should be analyzed

·Gangrene of extremities

rubbery condition of bones

residue and ulcer

frequently when it is stored.

apparently related to

develop on the shank of

increased tibial diameters

the legs and on tops and

and perhaps poor

sides of the toes.

2.

Proper ventilation of poultry houses and

mineralization of bone

Diagnosis- It is difficult as

storage houses is must.

tissues in young broiler

no straight symptoms are

Humidity exceeding 11%

chicks.

produced, but it could be

promotes fungal

Trichothecenes Toxicity-

suspected if the feed is of

production in cereals

Trichothecenes are most

poor quality and the bird's

and feed.

potent small molecules

performance is not up to the

inhibitors of protein

mark.

synthesis which is commonly a contaminant of corn and other commodity grains ·T2 toxin is most

prevalent causing oral necrosis in young broilers. ·Effects the nervous

system by producing an abnormal positioning of

22

·Causes regression of

3.

Proper cleaning of poultry houses,

Accurate diagnosis involves

equipment and utensils

detection and quantification

is also essential. For

of specific toxins. Feed and

cleaning utensils 5 to

ingredient samples should

10% bleach solution

be properly collected and promptly submitted for analysis. Multiple samples should be collected from different sites.

should be used.

4.

Decontamination strategies to reduce mycotoxins in food and feed commodities.

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ARTICLE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Dec 2020

Physical Decontamination

Biological Decontamination

Chemical Decontamination

Remove highly contaminated fractions from bulk materials through sorting milling, dehulling, cleaning, heating, irradiation or combinational approaches.

Involves use of various substances that protect critical organs such as liver and strengthen the immune system.

They convert the mycotoxins via chemical reactions.

Techniques such as ammoniation, alkaline hydrolysis, peroxidation ozonation, use of bisulphites are effective.

Involves use of inorganic or organic mycotoxins binders which contain smectite clays, zeolites, kaolinites, mica, silica, charcoal, sodium bentionite and other such compounds.

Enzymatic or microbial detoxification also referred as biotransformation, uses microorganisms or purified enzymes to catabolize the ebtire mycotoxin or transform it to less or non toxic compounds, Rhodococcus erythropolis, Armillariella tabescens, Myxococcus fulvus, Rhizopus oryzae, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis and other such are used.

Conclusion

the decontamination

safety among the farmers

Mycotoxicosis causes huge

strategies can prevent the

and feed manufacturers can

economic losses to poultry

production of mycotoxins

do a lot. Therefore, the

industries making the birds

but they can't work against

prevention and management

immunocompromised, and

the effects already produced

practices are the most

ultimately leading to

by mycotoxins. So, the only

important aspects. So, it's

outbreaks. By the time of

way to combat mycotoxicosis

better to focus more on

their suspicion and

is by inhibiting mold growth

prevention strategies which

detection, huge loss has

in raw materials or feed

are a cakewalk as well as

already occurred. Moreover,

which requires constant

cheap.

attention. Awareness on feed

References are available upon request.

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Dec 2020

Moisture control to produce safe feed Suncue 10-15%is observed in various crops which is due to differences in farmers'harvest-procedure preferences, soil types and weather conditions.

Image Source: BiofuelMachines

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INDUSTRY NEWS

Big moisture variation of grains after harvest Manual drying operations usually have more variations in moisture which often leads to significant overdrying or underdrying and is also highly inefficient with respect to energysaving& time.

Why to invest in Drying?

In animal feed production, managing moisture not only ensures a consistently high product quality, it also reduces the operating costs, and increases the margins.

India with a vast territoryand diverse crops is not only a source of income to its millions of farmers but is also an export commodity.However, due to higher moisture content during harvesting these agricultural products are not suitable for direct storage.

Crops like maize, paddy, soyabean,sesame seed, rapeseed etc., need to be dried prior to preservation.

Better drying results in higher feed quality and better margins.

Moisture Variation Moisture content variation of

26

After the crops have been harvested, drying and proper storage and suitable transportation of the commodities are of prime importance. As grains start to lose its freshness after harvesting and inhibit microbial and pest growth.

Using these grains results in losses to both feed miller and farmer.

If the grain is having higher moisture content and not dried immediately, it could spout or mildew or even produce Alfatoxin which causes serious food and feed safety threats. According to FAO, there are about 25% of grains being contaminated by mold, of which, at least 2% of agricultural produce is wasted because of Alfatoxin.

Alfatoxin, a potential carcinogenic, can survive at 280 °Celsius, and is 10 times more toxin than Potassium

cyanide (KCN) and 68 times more toxin than Arsenie.

While excessive drying can cause the grains to shrink in size, causing yield lossand more usage, on other hand, under drying can cause mold and pest infestation. Drying to an optimum level using a proficient technology can ensure better quality and margins.

For free drying consultancy, you may write toin@suncue.com

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Dec 2020

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INDUSTRY NEWS

Bird flu – Another shock for global poultry industry Germany

November.

German authorities have confirmed another outbreak of H5N8 bird flu in a farm in northern Germany.

The Netherlands, Europe's largest exporter of chicken meat and eggs, ordered the culling of over 200,000 chickens after bird flu has been found on several farms since late October.

Reuters reports that the case was found on a small chicken farm in the Kreis Segeberg area the northern state of Schweswig-Holstein, the Segeberg local government authority said in a statement.

The 36 chickens on the farm have been ordered to be slaughtered and poultry on nearby farms will not be allowed outside, the authority said.

A series of outbreaks of the disease have been reported in Europe in past weeks. Wild birds are believed to be spreading the disease.

Type H5N8 bird flu was found in another farm in Schleswig-Holstein on 5

28

Britain ordered a cull of 13,000 birds at a farm in northwest England after detecting cases there.

Poland The H5N8 bird flu outbreak in the village of Wroniawy is the 33rd one in Poland this year, said PAP citing the Chief Veterinary Inspectorate data.

Poland will cull over 900,000 hens in a farm in western Poland due to a bird flu outbreak which was discovered in last week of November, state news agency PAP quoted local

veterinary authorities as saying.

Risk to humans from the disease is considered low, but past outbreaks among farm birds have required extensive slaughtering programmes to contain them.

Belgium Belgium has confirmed an outbreak of highly pathogenic H5N5 bird flu on a poultry farm, the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) confirmed in last week of November.

The outbreak, which occurred in the western town of Menen near the border with France, killed 600 birds and led to the destruction of the other 151,000 birds in the flock, the OIE said in a website alert.

South Korea

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Dec 2020

after previous outbreaks led

Kagawa prefecture, where

to the culling of tens of

the outbreak emerged last

millions of birds.

month, the ministry more

"The ANSES national

recently.

reference laboratory

The outbreak in Japan and neighbouring South Korea is one of two separate highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) epidemics hitting poultry around the world, according the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

confirmed today the infection of a farm of 6,000 ducks by the H5N8 virus in the municipality of BenesseMaremne (Landes region), in which high mortality was observed on Dec. 5," the ministry said in a statement.

A security zone was set up around the farm on Dec. 7, implying extra monitoring, a ban on the move of poultry and additional sanitary measures, the ministry said, South Korea has confirmed an outbreak of highly pathogenic H5N8 bird flu on a duck farm in the southwestern part of the country, the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) said on 30th November.

The outbreak, which occurred in the town of Girin-ri, killed 19,000 ducks, the OIE said in a website alert, quoting the South Korean agriculture ministry.

Some 392,000 chickens and ducks at a total of six farms were killed preventively, the ministry also said.

France The French farm ministry said on 8th December that highly pathogenic H5N8 bird flu had been found on a duck farm in the southwest of the country, confirming France's first farm outbreak of the virus this year.

Bird flu has been spreading rapidly in Europe, putting the poultry industry on alert

adding that all the ducks on the farm were culled.

The spread of the virus in Europe prompted France to raise its bird flu security alert to "high" in early November, which requires keeping birds indoors or installing protective netting to prevent contact with wild birds that spread the disease.

Japan Japan's worst bird flu outbreak on record spread to new farms and now affects more than 20% of the country's 47 prefectures, with officials ordering cullings after more poultry deaths.

About 11,000 birds will be slaughtered and buried after avian influenza was discovered at an egg farm in Higashiomi city in Shiga prefecture in southwestern Japan, the agriculture ministry said in December second week.

Another outbreak started in

Both the strain circulating in Asia and the one in Europe originated in wild birds, it said.

“The virus found in Japan is genetically very close to the recent Korean viruses and thus related to viruses in Europe from early 2020, not those currently circulating in Europe,” Madhur Dhingra, a senior animal health officer at the FAO, told Reuters by email.

“This means that we currently have two distinct H5N8 HPAI epidemics in eastern Asia and Europe,” she said.

The FAO has issued an alert to African health authorities for heightened surveillance of farms to avoid the spread of the more recent European strain there.

In Japan, 10 of the country's 47 prefectures have been affected in the outbreak, with around 3 million birds culled to date, a record number.

Japan has suspended poultry imports from seven countries, including Germany.

Source: Reuters and other media reports

29

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Dec 2020

Sources say traders sign deals to sell 100,000 tn maize to Bangladesh Image Source: The Dollar Business

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INDUSTRY NEWS

Indian traders have signed deals to export around 100,000 tn of maize to Bangladesh, market participants said. The traders are likely to export the maize at $190-$200 per tn, free on board, they said.

Of the total quantity, around 27,650 tn are expected to be exported from Visakhapatnam in a few days, traders said. Traders expect more exports to Bangladesh this financial year as export prices are likely to remain low in the coming days, they said. The average export price of Indian maize is currently $180-$220 per tn, free on board, against $250$260 per tn last year.

"The export price of Indian maize has been falling as domestic prices of the coarse grain have softened over the past few months," a market participant said.

30

Prices have softened over the past few months, despite largely steady output in the kharif season, as bulk demand in domestic markets has remained lukewarm due to large carryover stocks from 2019-20 (Jul-Jun), traders added.

In Nizamabad, a key spot market, maize is being sold at 1,400-1,450 rupees per 100 kg, down from 1,9502,000 rupees a year ago, local trader Amrutlal Kataria said.

In 2020-21 kharif season, India harvested 19.9 mln tn of maize, against 19.6 mln tn the previous year. The carryover stock in the crop year that ended in June was estimated 30-40% higher at 2.0 mln tn, trade sources said.

Indian exporters have been exploiting opportunities to export maize to compensate

for the poor domestic demand, traders said. During Apr-Oct, India's maize exports were at 922,656 tn, against 166,032 tn in the year-ago period, according to the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority.

"The exports have been increasing as many countries are expecting severe food shortage amid COVID-19 trade blockades," an official with a multinational firm said.

Indian exporters have been looking for opportunities to export the coarse grain to closer destinations such as Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and other south and southeast Asian countries, as prices are still competitive, market participants said.

Source: cogencis