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Monthly Magazine for Feed Technology

Changing Dynamics in

The Indian Feed Industry Extrusion-ideal technology for aqua feed BIOMIN Mycotoxin Survey reveals

high contamination risk in Asia

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EDITORIAL Monthly Magazine for Feed Technology Published by BENISON Media SCO 27, 2nd Floor, Mugal Canal Market Karnal - 132001 (Haryana) Tel: +91 184 4036770 info@benisonmedia.com

Publisher & Editor Prachi Arora prachi.a@benisonmedia.com

Managing Editor Dr. T.K. Walli Former Head, Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI

Business Head Vinod Kumar Saini info@benisonmedia.com

Designing & Marketing Ashwani Verma info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

Circulation & Subscription Head Rahul Bhardwaj info@benisonmedia.com

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Dr. Dinesh T. Bhosale Former Chairman, CLFMA of India Mr. Amit Sachdev Indian Representative, US Grain Council Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand US Soybean Export Council Dr. Suhas Amrutkar Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition, MAFSU, Parbhani Dr. SN Mohanty Former Principal Scientist, CIFA Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta Agricultural Economist Dr. Swamy Haladi Feed Additive Expert Dr. R Gnana Sekar Lead Consultant, GS Dairy Farm Consulting Dr. Suraj Amrutkar Assistant Professor, Dept. of ILFC, SKUAST-J, Jammu

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 2 | December 2016

Herbal feed additive manufacture: an opportunity for diversification While herbs and their products have constantly been used since ancient times as medicines to treat humans and animals in India, it is so surprising that today our share in herbal medicine/ supplements in the global market is just 0.5 percent i.e. USD 359 million, compared to estimated global market of USD 70 billion. India's poor share has been mainly on account of lack of financial support to herbal and Ayush industry. For the last one decade lot more research have been conducted in several research institutes and universities in India about the efficacy of herbal supplements on livestock and poultry, which have given very positive results. By now it is well recognized worldwide that herbal dietary supplements/ feed additives have a vast application in livestock and poultry industry. These supplements/ additives have been proved to have multiple beneficial effects on these animals, like growth promoters, digestive tonics, antioxidants, immune protective agents, immune-modulators, toxin binders and antimicrobials. In fact, herbal feed additives have proved very effective in increasing the productivity of livestock, poultry and fish. Recently, a symposium was held in Delhi under the auspices of “ Ayurvet” to focus attention on the use of herbal medicines and herbal feed additives for livestock and poultry. Some of the delegates from Europe who attended the symposium also revealed the positive effects of feed additives imported from India on growth, production and reproduction of livestock and poultry. In fact, it was observed that the combination of herbal feed additives is more effective and gave still better results.

Nowadays we are emphasizing so much on crop diversification, so that more cropped area is covered under maize and soybean crops, to increase quality feed production and overcome the feed shortage for livestock/ poultry/ fish, so as to meet the increasing demands of our growing urban population for animal protein. Then why shouldn't some of our feed manufacturers think of diversifying towards the production of herbal feed additives also, which are much safer and more effective in increasing the efficiency of nutrient utilization within the animal system, and consequently leading to their increased productivity. There definitely is a tremendous scope for commercial manufacture of herbal feed additives on a large scale in India, not only to meet the domestic demand, but also for export purpose as well. One would rather suggest that to encourage the prospective manufacturers and to promote the production of herbal feed additives in India, govt should not hesitate to encourage such entrepreneurships and announce some subsidy for those who come forward for its manufacture.

On Behalf of Benison Media Group, especially from the Editorial Board of, “ Think Grain Think Feed”, I would like to wish all our readers “A Very Happy and a Prosperous 2017”and sincerely hope that the New Year turns out to be a good one for the Indian Feed Industry, in turns of its growth as well as its expansion.

TK Walli www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in www.benisonmedia.com

Monthly Magazine for Feed & Feed Technology

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 2 | December 2016

Vollume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

Contents 12

08 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

05 Natural gas protein-an alternative to fishmeal and soymeal INDUSTRY THOUGHTS

06 Crisis can result in better biz practices in agri market yards

16

PELLETING TIPS 08 Extrusion-ideal technology for aqua feed INTERVIEW 16 Supporting feed millers to overcome challenges faced during feed manufacturing Satbir Singh, Lark Engg.

SURVEY REPORT 18 BIOMIN Mycotoxin Survey reveals high contamination risk in Asia

ARTICLE

12 Changing Dynamics in The Indian Feed Industry 20 Utilization of Soya Pulp: a by-product of soymilk in livestock feeding

UPCOMING EVENTS

26 Water quality: A hidden limiting factor for animal productivity

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Printed by: Jaiswal Printing Press | Published by: Prachi Arora | On behalf of: BENISON Media | Printed at: Chaura Bazar, Karnal-132001, Haryana | Published at: SCO-27, IInd Floor, Mugal Canal Market, Karnal-132001, Haryana | Editor: Prachi Arora Think Grain Think Feed is a monthly magazine published by BENISON Media at its office in Karnal. Editorial policy is independent. Views expressed by authors are not necessarily those held by the editors. The data/information provided in the magazine is sourced through various sources and the publisher considers its sources reliable and verifies as much data as possible. However, the publisher accepts no liability for the material herein and consequently readers using this information do so at their own risk.

Although persons and companies mentioned herein are believed to be reputable, neither BENISON Media, nor any of its employees or contributors accept any responsibility whatsoever for such persons’ and companies’ activities. All legal matters are subjected to Karnal Jurisdiction.

Disclaimer : The published material and images are sourced from various websites and newspapers, and used for information purpose only, if you have any issue, please inform us at info@benisonmedia.com. BENISON Media or Think Grain Think Feed is not liable for any claim prior to written information.

R&D

Image Source: newscientist.com

Natural gas protein-an alternative to fishmeal and soymeal

As the natural protein can be produced in a plant using methane gas, and therefore the production is not limited by fishing quotas or the use of pesticides and it is weatherindependent. This technology thus provides animal feed producers access to a sustainable protein source of very high quality.

The company have a strong cooperation with the Technical University of Denmark (DTU), owns most up-to-date technology in the field of bacterial fermentation, the

most novel technology used to convert methane into protein. For last several years, Denmark has worked on finding alternatives to the soy which is currently imported. The hope is that this technology may contribute to replacing soy in the long term.

Since last 2 years, the company has been supporting this innovation and now is ready to upscale the production by using a method that requires very little water and no pesticides, and is based on renewable energy. It benefits from superior nutritional content and product characteristics. The protein-rich biomass (72.9% protein) can be used as a direct supplement in animal feed.

Key product characteristics include the fact it is developed naturally without any genetic manipulation; has a long shelf life and stable production process; and has a high protein quality which allows for a more efficient diet with less quantities required, minimizing nitrogen excretion.

The technology has already been approved by the EU as an ingredient in animal feed.

Source: undercurrentnews

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A

new technology has been adopted by a Danish firm that is capable of producing natural protein from methane gas, using technology which is scalable and sustainable compared with fishmeal and soy protein. The most advanced technology producing single cell protein from natural gas.

05

INDUSTRY THOUGHT

Crisis can result in better biz practices in agri market yards Vijay Sardana, Bio-economy & Agribusiness Expert One of the reasons that prompted the Government to demonetise Rs 500 and Rs 1000 notes was that their circulation was not in line with economic growth.

As per the Finance Ministry, during the 2011-2016 period, circulation of all notes grew 40% but circulation of Rs 500 and Rs 1000 notes went up by 76% and 109% respectively.

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At an aggregate level, demonetisation will significantly eliminate existing stocks of black money, fake currency and will benefit the economy in the medium to long-run. But, the question as to how creation of black money will be prevented still remains unanswered. The role of commodity markets and agriculture sector should be evaluated in this.

06

It is important to note that demonetisation has created a major impact on cash flow in commodity markets, because most commodity transactions are on cash basis. All transactions in rural India are in cash because of lack of alternate methods.

There are no bank branches, limited access to internet, language issues and illiteracy.

Another challenge which farmers face in agriculture markets are due to the

outdated Agriculture Produce Marketing Act (APMC) Act. This restricts transactions in agriculture market yards, only APMC licensed traders are allowed to deal with farmers.

Due to demonetisation, traders are stuck with old currency notes. In place of depositing these notes in banks, many traders are forcing farmers to take payment against goods sold in old currency notes.

It is also true that substantial amounts of currency is used in commodity trade and, after demonetisation, most of traders are technically without cash — not able to buy products from farmers. This is reducing demand for perishable farm produce in whole sale markets and in turn food prices are likely to crash.

The biggest problem is faced by poultry farmers, because any delay in disposal, even by one day, increases cost of production significantly. But shortage of currency is also reducing demand, squeezing farmers. This is also sowing season and inputs dealers are demanding cash in new currency. It is high time the government reviews the need for APMC Act in today's IT enabled environment.

All APM Committees (APMC) should issue instructions to traders to make payments through cash transfers to farmers' accounts. This crisis should result in better business practices in APMC mandies and reduce black money creation. Technically, now onwards, all cash transactions in APMC markets should be banned forever.

Traders and farmers can have Jan Dhan accounts and use RTGS, cheques and debit cards for daily transactions, provided APMC Mandies have ATMs, post offices or bank branches. This will control hoarding of vital agrocommodities in future.

PELLETING TIPS

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 2 | December 2016

Extrusion-ideal technology for aqua feed

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Extrusion processing technology is highly important in production of feeds used for intensive aquaculture. In recent times, there has been a constant growth in the application of extruded diets for aquatic feeding as it results in better water stability, better floating property and a higher energy than pelleted diets and thus contributing to increased fish growth and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR).

Therefore, compared with the conventional pelleting, extrusion technology is the most efficient way to improve the performance of aquatic feed.

08

Processing technology Extrusion (dry or wet extrusion) is the process where the raw material is pushed forward in the barrel by means of screws and pressed through the die at the end of barrel. The general extrusion process involves a high temperature over a short time. Temperature higher than 100 is needed in order to achieve expansion of the feed as it leaves the die. The high temperature in dry extrusion is acquired through dissipation of mechanical energy

from heated surfaces such as barrel and screw surface, or generated by shear forces between wall and material and screw and material.

For wet extrusion, the temperature is achieved through preconditioning and steam injection. At the same time, the material also undergoes relatively high pressure. The pressure difference between internal extruder and external environment will cause the extrusion of the aquatic feed.

Basically, the operating principle of expansion is similar to that of extrusion, and their processes are both based on the same principle. However, expansion generates less shear, pressure and temperature in the barrel compared with extrusion, which leads to difference in the shaping method of final pellets and intensity of treatment.

Equipments' feature Extruder: It is a bio-reactor providing the necessary pressure to force feed mash in the barrel through a restrictive die. Through changes in temperature, pressure, and shear within the barrel, the raw material is forcibly homogenized before it assumes the cross-sectional shape of the die opening. The equipment is mainly composed of power transmission device, feeding device, pre-conditioner, extruder barrel and discharging cutting device, etc. The barrel of extruder is composed of barrel heads, screw auger, flow restrictors (shear locks) and a cross-sectional die.

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 |3Issue 2 |2December 2016 Think Grain Think Feed - Volume | Issue | December 2016

Expander: It is commonly used as mechanical conditioners for treating materials which are difficult to pellet, to increase the digestibility of cellulose and protein components in order to achieve feed hygienistion. Extruders consist of barrels with one or two screws to transport materials and force them through a die. It can be considered as a high shear treatment. The shear action during expander treatment is much less.

Compared to an extruder, the simplicity of the expander allows an effective treatment of relatively large quantity of feed at a low cost.

Different types of Extruder Single screw extruder contains one screw, and twin screw extruder is with two screw of equal length placed inside the same bareel. Twin screw extruder develops on the basis of single screw extrusion equipment, which is more complicated than single screw extruder. Twin screw extruder owns much priority in quality control and processing flexibility, which can deal with sticky, multiple oils or wet raw materials. The screw design of twinscrew extruders can dramatically affect operating efficiency and overall equipment capability. It is to be noted that

throughput and screw speed of twin screw extruder are not interdependent.

In contrast to twin screw extruder, single screw extruder is simple, using rotating belt way with a constant fixed spindle speed. It can get good blending through high speed operation in short time. The barrel of a single screw extruder can be divided into following three zones: a)

feeding zone

b) melting zone c)

molding zone

In the feeding zone, feed material is simply received from the conditioner and transported forward in the barrel, go through solid conveying and melting process. Making feedstocks from a powder to an elastic dough. Then it will be formed into pellets by flat die shaping. Nevertheless, the conveying capacity of single extruder is poor under high pressure, compared to the same power twin-screw extruder, its production is lower.

In general, single screw extruders are more economical to operate than twin-screw extruders, while twin screw extruders are more advanced, more productive and more extensive use of performance than single screw extruders.

Selection of extruder depends upon the production demand.

Dry Type and Wet Type Extruder Dry type extruder does not require a steam boiler for heat or steam injection or jacket heating, and all product heating is accomplished by mechanical friction force. Without utilizing preconditioning, dry extrusion employs lower

1. Prebin

2. Dosing unit

4. Extruder (addition of steam and input of electrical energy)

5. Pellet press

To cooler and dryer The Extrusion Processing Line

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3. Mixer-conditioner. (addition of steam)

09

PELLETING TIPS

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 2 | December 2016

moisture levels. Therefore, it is suitable for processing low moisture and high fat feed 3. material.

Wet type extruder is a piece of more complex equipment with precision 4. metering systems for steam or water injection into the conditioner and/or the extruder barrel. Preconditioning is a very important step in wet extrusion process 5. for chemical or physical reactions. The extruder machine working is: preconditioning, cooking and die shaping.

High temperature and high pressure process can kill salmonella and other 6. bacteria, also makes the pellets with improved digestibility.

Benefits of Extruded Aqua feed 1.

Wide adaptability: The capability of an extruder enhances the feed manufacturer's flexibility to produce fish feed pellets for shrimp, crab, eel, carp etc.

2.

High starch gelatinization: Feed material goes through HTST processing thus starch gelatinization degree may increase up to 80-99%

making it more digestible.

Better digestion and absorption: Quick breakdown of pellets in the fish makes nutrients available for better absorption.

Improved water stability: The floating pellets are more resistant to disintegration in water and floating feed allows the fish farmer to observe the amount of feed consumed.

Water absorption: Extrusion moisture content during processing can be controlled over a wide range, which helps to increase the water stability of the final feed.

These pellets absorb more water, retains shape for longer time thus resulting in reduced losses of nutrients.

Convenient for density control: It is entirely feasible for an extruder to produce floating feed, sinking feed and slow sinking feed by density control; that is more conducive to different fish species.

7.

Fine mechanical resistance: Feed made using extrusion technology is more resistant to mechanical durability and produces fewer fines in the finished feed during transportation. It can reduce feed wastage, water and air pollution.

8.

Good to aquatic organism health: Extrusion cooking provides hygienic feed processing and destroys pathogens & other viruses to avoid animal illness.

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INDUSTRY NEWS

Source: feedpelletizer

10

China cuts corn use forecast, noting resilient sorghum imports Chinese officials revised down their forecast of domestic corn use, and increased its expectations of sorghum imports, suggesting the shift away from corn-substitutes will not come as fast as previously thought.

corn, with overall feed demand also slowing. But ideas of industrial use, which is being supported by subsidies for grain buyers in key growing states, were left unchanged.

The think tank raised its sorghum import estimate by a 1.0 million tonnes to 4.5 million tonnes.

The China National Grains and Oils Information Centre, and official think tank, cut its estimate for 2016-17 corn Transport problems consumption by 2 million tonnes to 197 The fact that Chinese corn consumption million tonnes. may not grow as fast as thought, and This is up some 21% year-on-year, but the import of sorghum remains China has a long way to go to draw stubbornly high, suggests that down its corn inventories, and any domestic corn prices may not yet be slowing of production will hurt low enough to rebalance the market. consumption.

Chinese corn prices have recently been Animal feed use falling boosted by transport problems The downgrade was the result of a trim between the grain belt and livestock to the expected use of corn in animal areas. A crackdown on the overloading feed, suggesting substitution with other of lorries in late September supported grains. The think tank saw Chinese corn prices, and now cold weather is farmers still turning to sorghum and increasing demand for coal, which barley as a substitute for high priced means less capacity and higher freight-

rates for corn.

Falling production Still, the lower prices have been enough to reduce domestic corn production, in favour of soybean output. Grain output in China, was down 0.8% to 616.2 million tonnes, data from the National Bureau of Statistics showed recently.

Corn output fell by some 5.0m tonnes, to 219.6 million tonnes from 224.6m a year ago, as acres fell. While soybean acres are rising, up 10.7% year on year.

ARTICLE Image Source: yourstory.com

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 2 | December 2016

Changing Dynamics in The Indian Feed Industry Nishikant Yadav, Markets and Markets

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Agriculture is among the major drivers forthe Indian economy and is a principal means of livelihood for over 50% of the population. According to the Indian Central Statistics Office (CSO), the share of agriculture and allied sectors (including livestock, forestry, and fishery) was over 15% of the Gross Value Added (GVA) during 2015–2016(on 2011-12 base prices).

India has one of the largest livestock population across the world and its output contributes around 4% of the country's GDP.

12

Currently, there is a visible trend of an increase in the consumption of animalbased products, primarily owing to an increase in disposable incomes, change in dietary preferences, and improvement in livestock production practices with evolved transportation and storage facilities.

Given this increase in livestock population, there is a parallel and growing requirement for animal feed products. In India, feed manufacturing

on a commercial level and scientific basis started in the year 1965. The industry has since witnessed several shifts and primarily caters to the cattle, poultry, swine, and aquaculture segments.

Current industry dynamics Presently, the overall crucial demand and supply gap results in immense opportunities in the Indian feed industry and is thus, attracting the attention of several big players. Currently, the industry is fragmented and unorganized and appears to be evolving.

According to the estimates by the Compound Livestock Feed Manufacturers Association (CLFMA), the Indian feed industry stood around USD 15 billion and produced over 28 million tons of feed in 2015. It is still in the introductory stage, as demonstrated by its ability to cater to merely around 10% of cattle and aqua feed demand, and around 50% of the poultry feed demand.

Furthermore, the Indian feed industry is estimated to grow at a CAGR of around 8% from 2015 to 2020, where the demand for poultry, cattle, and aqua feed is expected to play a significant role in this growth, according to a Rabobank forecast.

Based on the current aquaculture production estimates of 1 million tons, against the estimated potential of 7 million tons, it could be inferred that the industry has a significant untapped potential.

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 |3Issue 2 |2December 2016 Think Grain Think Feed - Volume | Issue | December 2016

Growth estimates of Indian feed industry between 2015 & 2020 25 20

USD Billion

8% 15 22

10 15 5 0

2020

2015 Source: Rabobank Survey

Feed Production in India, by Livestock, 2015 vs. 2016 (Million Tons)

2016

2015

Restraints &Challenges The World Bank annually publishes and ranks economies according to the ease of doing business in the respective economy. A high ease of doing business ranking implies a conducive regulatory environment for commencement and operation of business of a local firm. India, as per the June 2016 rankings, stood at 130th position, out of 190 economies so observed.

Broiler

Layer

Dairy

Aqua

Pets

Calf

Equine

Others

Note: Others include swine, turkey, and pets.

Source: Alltech Global Feed Survey, 2016 and 2015

1)

Unfavorable trade terms: Comparatively high tariffs on imports of feed ingredients

2)

Vague regulatory regime:Lack of uniformity in the quality standards, and rigid and outdated Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) requirements

3)

Bureaucratic bottlenecks: Timeconsuming procedure for approvals of new innovations

Current dynamics The Indian feed industry is in a transition. The significant existing gap between demand and supply calls for rapid evolution, to ensure sustainable production and consumption. Also, in

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Given the lagging status of the country in those parameters, the industry faces several restraints and challenges:

13

ARTICLE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 2 | December 2016

order to effectively cater to the demand, the supply side has to increase its efficiency and introduce raw material alternatives.

formulation accuracy and consistency. Essentially, it will enable the manufacturers to change the feed formulation and dynamics based on the requirements.

Among the evolving technologies, the pelleting technique is now widely accepted, and due to its With growing nutritional awareness and increasing adoption, is expected to provide efficiency with regard to overall costs, improvement in feed rising consumer activism, quality is quality, and assurance of overall food safety. In imperative, around which the entire addition, technologies such as Near Infrared value chain needs to be structured.

Spectroscopy (NIR) and In Vitro Fermentation are Consumers are becoming increasingly gradually being adopted. selective about the products they consume.

New ingredients Consumer awareness

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In July 2013, Firstpost, one of India's leading news organizations, claimed in their article based on experts' observations that India's policy decisions to ban the testing of cosmetics and their ingredients on animals and the ban on using captive dolphins for public entertainment anywhere in the country make it more progressive than the Unites States in matters of animal rights. In addition, The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960 makes it mandatory for individuals in charge of any animal to take all reasonable measures to ensure its well-being and to prevent the infliction of unnecessary pain or suffering.

14

The traditional key ingredients, including cereals and grains, are becoming increasingly more expensive and scarce. It is therefore imperative to replace these withlow priced and nutritionally rich alternatives, such as algae meals.

The field of biotechnology is largely affecting the development of the feed industry. The increased reliance on biotechnology for scientific formulations will ensure an increase in productivity to a large extent, as it has for the traditional crops.

Various feed supplements, including enzymes, vitamins, and binders are already utilized and accepted in the industry, which is expected to continue to evolve and will ensure the overall animal health, productivity, and performance.

Conclusion

The further evolution of this industry will depend on the pace of the adoption of advanced technologies, Owing to the informational efficiency, aimed at streamlining the production process, while growing number of incidence of ensuring due consideration for animal and consumers' disease outbreaks, and rising concerns health. regarding animal nutrition and welfare, the supply side is increasingly On the supply side, the industry is expected to witness several developments, including inorganic growth obligated to respect consumer views strategies such as mergers and acquisitions, and abide by government electronic-based trading, inter- and intra-continental regulations.The industry is thus trade, and progressive use of information technology becoming more customer centric. for operational efficiency.

Evolution in production technology These activities would be based on scientific Advancements in the production advancements, and the resultant introduction of new technology will ensure efficiency on technologies would take the industry to the next stage the production side as well. The of evolution. Accordingly, in the next few years, the adoption and usage of sophisticated Indian feed industry would be become self-sufficient equipment will not only increase and grow at a significant rate. productivity, but will also ensure

Feed Tech Animal Feed Technology

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INTERVIEW

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 2 | December 2016

Satbir Singh, Director Lark Engineering

In a conversation with Think Grain Think Feed team, Mr. Satbir Singh, DirectorLark Engineering shares his insights about the changing requirements of Indian feed industry, its www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

newer technologies and

16

many more. The company which is based in Haryana, specializes in design, engineering and manufacturing of feed machines and complete feed projects in India.

Please share a brief about journey of Lark Engineering right from its inception.

Lark Engineering started its journey back in 1994 with a feed industry project of 2 H.P. hammer mill.

Over a period of more than 2 decade, the company has come a long way with more than 1800 installations in India and abroad including fully automatically feed projects.

By adopting itself to changing industry requirements, the company has received huge acceptance from all its customers may it be a farmer or big commercial unit.

Could you please share some facts about Indian feed industry?

India has the largest population of cattle and buffalo in the world and ranks number one in milk production in the world. The dairy feed industry however, remains highly unexplored and cattle feed comprises only 11% of the total feed industry. The surprise factor in the compound feed industry is aqua feed. There has been a shift in momentum. In past 5 years, with a strong registered growth of 16% shrimp production, feed consumption has also grown at 13% per annum.

Currently poultry feed production (layer + broiler) is 20 MMT which is expected to grow to 40 MMT in next 10 years. Also Cattle feed production is at 8-10 MMT/ year, whereas the present need is approx. 45-50 MMT of pellet feed. The overall poultry industry's (broiler and layer) consumption of compound feed is only 65%, with

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 2 | December 2016

paddle mixer, pocketed rotary feeder 

Using high efficiency motors and interlocking automation sequences to reduce the power consumption. We ensure to provide high efficiency machines in terms of power consumption per ton of feed i.e. 23 units/tonne in standard broiler feed formulation and 21 units/tonne in standard cattle feed formulation

What is the most important process in feed milling?

Grinding is one of the most important processes which influence the efficiency of subsequent processing equipments like Mixing, Conditioning & Pelleting.

In feed milling, one may need coarse or fine grinding as per nutritional requirement of the birds or animals. For efficient performance of a single machine, performance of a hammer mill depends upon parameters like: a)

average partial size requirement either in fine or coarse category

b)

uniformity in grinding

c)

preserving nutritional value of the product

Different size of grinding particles can be obtained by:

What are the major challenges faced by feed millers, and how do you support them to overcome some of the bottle necks that they face while producing quality feed more efficiently?

Identifying market needs, price sensitivity, quality of raw materials, educating feed mill operators, savings in maintenance & power are the major challenges in feed mills. Below technologies have been provided to support the customers: 





Providing a disc break in the hammer mill to save the shut down time of the hammer mill once power is switched off. Otherwise, it takes about 20-25 minutes for rotor of the hammer mill to stop Introducing QGA technology in hammer mill and variable cross section ribbon design in the mixer First Indian manufacturer to introduce rotary distributor, twin

varying the screen size for coarse or fine feed

b)

changing speed of motor by fitting a variable frequency drive or dual speed motor or D.C. motor

c)

gap adjustment between hammer tips and screens

We, at Lark Engineering are using 3rd method i.e. gap adjustment.

Would you give some tips to the feed millers on maintenance of feed mills?

Maintenance is an important part of feed mill management. The main purpose of regular maintenance is to ensure that all equipment required for production is operating at 100 % efficiency at all times. It must be a part of daily schedule.

To avoid unwanted breakdowns in the feed mills, feed miller should know about preventive maintenance. It needs regular training of feed mill operators. In many cases, consumable parts are used more than its standard life which results in reduced feed quality and affects other parts as well. Like, for an average die life cycle, it is recommended to use 5 pieces (2.5 sets) of roll shells for a better die life and uniform PDI, and using the roll shells & beaters exceeding its recommended life may badly affect grinding texture, conditioning, pellet quality and specific

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home mixers fulfilling the remaining requirement. The feed consumption in this segment has been growing at the rate of 7 - 8% over the last five years.

a)

energy consumption.

17

SURVEY REPORT

Image Source: wisegeek.com

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 2 | December 2016

BIOMIN Mycotoxin Survey reveals high contamination risk in Asia

A

nalysis of 4027 feed and raw commodity samples from over 50 countries reveals that deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins (FUM) are the most common mycotoxins found in feedstuffs, according to results of the latest BIOMIN Mycotoxin Survey.

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The survey constitutes longest running and most comprehensive survey of its kind, using advanced analytic tools. It details the incidence of the main mycotoxins occurring in agricultural

18

Figure 1. Occurence of mycotoxins worldwide in Q3 2016.

Average of all samples collected by BIOMIN.

commodities, which include: aflatoxins (Afla), zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T-2), fumonisins (FUM) and ochratoxin A (OTA). The survey focuses on components that are used for feed such as corn, wheat, barley, rice, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, dried distillers grains (DDGS) and silage, among others.

Top threats Overall, deoxynivalenol and fumonisins were detected in 73% and 64% of all samples at average levels of 886 ppb and 1,819 ppb, respectively. Out of all samples, 53% are contaminated by ZEN, whereas Afla, T-2 and OTA are present in less than 25% of samples (25%, 18% and 12% respectively) (Figure 1).

Co-contamination A full 90% of all samples contained at least one mycotoxin, and 71% of all samples contained two or more mycotoxins (Figure 2).

With 4 mycotoxins above the risk threshold Europe is facing a high contamination risk. The most prevalent mycotoxin in this region was DON, detected in 79% of the samples, followed by ZEN, detected in 63% of the samples. One finished feed sample from Spain had a maximum concentration of DON of 19,433 ppb and FUM 14,019 ppb. The highest prevalence of T-2 was

Figure 2. Co-occurence of mycotoxins worldwide in Q3 2016.

Average of all samples collected by BIOMIN.

worldwide and the second highest FUM maximum concentration (41,000 ppb).

South America South America faces a severe contamination risk having 5 mycotoxins average concentrations above the risk threshold. FUM is the highest prevalent mycotoxin and was found in 77% of samples, followed

by DON and ZEN, identified in 70% and 49% of samples respectively Afla, T-2 and OTA were detected in 29%, 20%, 1% of samples respectively. South America shows the third highest average concentration of FUM worldwide (2,192 ppb) and the highest average concentration of OTA worldwide (22 ppb). The highest FUM concentration reported in

Asia In Asia, the average concentration of 4 mycotoxins is above the risk threshold, hence this region is facing a high contamination risk. The most prevalent mycotoxin was DON, detected in 83% of samples, followed

by FUM, detected in 69% of samples analyzed. Although the incidence of Afla was rather low (30% of samples analyzed contaminated with this mycotoxin), the average concentration is worrisome and represents a threat for animals and humans. The average concentration of FUM in this region represents a threat to the pig industry.

A corn sample from Malaysia registered a maximum concentration of FUM of 43,019 ppb. The highest concentration of DON was 12,760 ppb and it was detected in a Chinese wheat bran sample. The highest maximum concentration of Afla was 730 ppb and was detected in an Indonesian corn sample.

North America

(18,860 ppb).

Middle East With 3 mycotoxins average concentrations above the risk threshold, the Middle East faces a high contamination risk. The most prevalent mycotoxins in this region were ZEN and FUM and OTA detected in 75% and 57% and 43% of samples respectively. The average concentration of Afla is 5 times higher than the threshold level and might represent a risk for animals and final consumers. The highest maximum concentration detected in Middle East were 6,401 ppb FUM and 4,358 DON. Africa With 4 mycotoxins above the risk threshold Africa faces a high mycotoxins risk. The most prevalent mycotoxins in Africa were ZEN, Afla and DON, detected in 80% and 70% and 60% of samples respectively. Africa shows the highest prevalence of ZEN and Afla worldwide. Among all mycotoxins sampled in Africa, FUM and DON had the highest average concentrations of 2,269 and 1,009 ppb respectively.

South Africa With 4 mycotoxins above the risk threshold South Africa faces a high contamination risk. ZEN, DON and FUM were the most prevalent mycotoxins detected in 73%, 59% and 54% of samples respectively. South

North America faces a severe risk of mycotoxin contamination with 5 mycotoxins above the risk threshold.

DON and FUM were the most prevalent mycotoxins in feed samples,

Africa shows the highest average concentration of ZEN worldwide (299 ppb).

Conclusions These findings show that recent mycotoxin occurrence

detected in 38% and 32%. The average is quite high. The mycotoxin problem can be addressed through valid farm management strategies concentration of FUM in this region maybe a problem for the pig industry.

and the use of registered mycotoxin deactivators

North America saw the highest

whose efficiency is scientifically proven.

maximum concentration of DON

Source: Biomin

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observed in Europe with an average concentration of 20 ppb.

South America came from a Brazilian corn sample

19

ARTICLE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 2 | December 2016

Utilization of Soya Pulp: a by-product of soymilk in livestock feeding Manjula Thakur, Sanjay D. Howel, A. Majumder, Sahil and G. Mondal Department of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-NDRI

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Introduction

20

Pradesh, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.

Soybean is used in various forms such as feed for Green fodder, dry fodder and livestock, source of protein and oil by human beings concentrate mixture for our livestock is deficient and so as the major and minor and also it is processed into various products such as soya milk powder, soya milk, tofu, soya sauce, soya flour, nutrients. This deficit is expected to soybean oil, tempeh etc. The popularity of soya increase in upcoming years as productive livestock population as well products are demand driven and soya processing is slowly picking up in India due to the availability of as the demand for foods of animal newer technologies. origin is showing an increasing trend.

Concentrates is the costly component Soya pulp is a by-product of soybean during the in livestock raring, not only due to production of soya milk or tofu. Soya pulp is beige in costly feed ingredients used, but also colour and has a light, crumbly, fine grained texture, due to food- feed competition between which makes it look like moist sawdust or grated humans and livestock. Keeping these in coconut and tastes similar to almond. About 1.1 kg of mind, farmers and researchers have fresh soya pulp is produced from every kilogram of been trying to incorporate new and soybeans processed into soya milk or tofu. Soya pulp is unconventional feed resources as mostly discarded as waste by industries, which is a livestock feed. Soya pulp is one such major environmental concern also, due to its product, which has not yet been susceptibility to putrefaction. Also, the high moisture explored fully. India produced 11.86 (85%) present in soya pulp makes it difficult to handle million tons of soybean in 2013-14 and it decays quickly. This paper reviews the (Department of Agriculture and composition and scope for utilisation of soya pulp in Cooperation, Government of India, animal feeding.

2015) mostly from Madhya Pradesh Composition (also known as soybean bowl of India), The composition of soya pulp will depend on the variety Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Andhra of the crop used, harvesting time, processing methods

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 2 | December 2016

CP. Soya pulp is also found to contain isoflavones, but in comparatively lower amounts than in soybean. The processing method employed for soybean governs amount of isoflavones left in soya pulp.

Application in animal feeding

Organic livestock production prohibits the use of antibiotics, growth promotors and animal byproducts in the ration. Satisfying the high protein requirements of swine with less production cost is a big challenge to organic pork producers. Alternative protein sources

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and probably drying method. The fibre is of good quality and it has been reported that it can reduce cholesterol level, regulate blood sugar in diabetic individuals and cure irritable bowl in human being. Rahman et al. (2015) observed that the soya pulp contain 96.59% OM, 27.81% NDF and 21.99%

Soya pulp is a good source of protein and fibre and it is also palatable to animals. Therefore, it can replace part of soybean in cattle, pig, goat, chicken and fish feeding.

There is an immense potential of utilising soya pulp in cattle feeding as a replacement of soybean and other conventional protein sources to reduce the cost of feeding. Wang et al. (2003) in China have tried to replace 50% of soybean with soya pulp in HF cows, which maintained milk yield and milk fat percentage without affecting nutrient intake. Under Indian conditions, Thakur et al. (2015) replaced soya pulp with other soya by-products viz., soybean meal and full fat soya in the concentrate mixture up to 30% without any adverse effect on DM intake, milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows which indicates the importance of this product in livestock feeding.

21

ARTICLE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 2 | December 2016

could increase the availability of organic Consequently, soya pulp will decompose rapidly once feedstuffs and augment organic

produced. To overcome these limitations fresh soya pulp

production demands. Dietary

must be dried as early as possible under appropriate

supplementation of soya pulp in

drying conditions. Drying process requires specialized

organic pig diet has also been tried.

equipment and is energy intensive. The resultant costs

Hermann and Honeymann (2004)

can be extremely high relative to the value of the reported that up to 25% inclusion levels product. This is the major factor limiting the commercial of dietary soya pulp had no effect on use of soya pulp worldwide. However, for economising average daily gain, DMI and FCR.

the feeding sun drying is the method of choice and old

India has the largest goat population in

drying methods improvised with recent technologies for

world. Most of the goats are not

the purpose.

offered with concentrate mixture at all, due to high cost of cakes and also due to lack of awareness. Soya pulp as a cheaper source of protein can be fed to goats. Supplying soya pulp in adult goats feeding @ 2% of BW/day on a dry matter basis resulted in higher intakes of DM, crude protein (CP) and metabolisable energy (ME) and improved the digestibility of DM, organic matter, CP and neutral

processing method employed viz., soaking and grinding of soybeans, reduces the amount of trypsin inhibitor to a level which can be safely used in livestock feeding.

Conclusion Soya pulp is a cheaper source of protein and fibre to

waste (Rahman et al., 2015).

soya pulp to various classes of animals. It can be used as a replacement to conventional concentrates for economic feeding without any effect on growth

Moisture: The moisture content of fresh soya pulp is around 80-85% which makes it difficult to preserve.

INDUSTRY NEWS

of the most important factors that will probably limit the application of soya pulp in animal feed. But the

animal feeding. Different workers have tried feeding

animal feeding

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which are partially inactivated during the solvent extraction and toasting process. Trypsin inhibitor is one

detergent fibre than low levels of soya

Constraints to the use of soya pulp in

22

Anti-nutritional factors: Raw soybeans contain variety of anti-nutritional factors, especially trypsin inhibitors

performance, FCR and milk yield. More studies need to be done regarding suitable drying methods and its health implications in animal feeding.

References are available upon request

India tightens rules over sale of Monsanto's GM cotton seeds India has tightened rules for the sale of genetically-modified cotton seeds, a government order said, in a move that will cap royalties for any new variety that the market's sole supplier - U.S. based Monsanto decides to develop and sell.

appeals by some state governments and farmers to lower the price of the Bt variety that commands 90 percent of the market in India.

Now, if Monsanto decides to introduce any new, advanced variety of its GM cotton, the world's biggest seed The farm ministry in March cut royalties company cannot charge royalties more that local seed firms pay to Mahyco that 10 percent of the price of seeds, Monsanto Biotech (India) (MMB), a fixed at 800 rupees, for five years from Monsanto joint venture with India's the date of commercialization, according to recent ruling.

Mahyco, following complaints from domestic firms that the venture was From the sixth year, the royalties, or overcharging for a gene that produces trait value, will taper down by 10 its own pesticide. percent every year, said the order, As well as cutting the royalties, the government capped genetically modified (GM) cotton seed prices at 800 rupees for a packet of 450 gm after

which laid down these guidelines without naming Monsanto.

Also, as GM traits are expected to have

a limited period of efficacy, any variety which loses its effectiveness will not be eligible for royalties, the order said. The new order is tougher than the royalty arrangements announced in March.

The order also specified that any local seed company seeking licenses for selling any new Bt cotton variety shall get the license within 30 days of requesting the licensor.

Terming the latest order as a "huge blow" to innovation in agricultural biotechnology, the Association of Biotechnology Led EnterprisesAgriculture Focus Group, a pro-GM advocacy group, said the decision would discourage companies from investing in research.

Source: Reuters

INDUSTRY NEWS

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 2 | December 2016

New cattle feed plant by Amul in WB tonnes cattle feed per day.

Last year, it had commissioned the state-of-the-art cattle feed plant in Kapdivav village of Kheda district which was inaugurated by President Pranab Mukherjee. "This plant which has 1,000 The milk union has started the 200 tonnes per day manufacturing capacity tonnes per day cattle feed plant at is undergoing expansion to add Joyrambati in West Bengal's Bankura another 1,000 tonnes per day capacity district on franchise model. by end of January 2017," said Rathnam.

"This is the third cattle feed plant of our He added that demand of cattle feed in milk union and also it is the biggest the country is estimated at 80 to 100 cattle feed plant as far as eastern million tonnes per annum. "Against this, region of the country is concerned," said Amul Dairy's managing director Dr the installed capacity putting all the players together is just 8 million tonnes K Rathnam, adding that the plant will per annum. Hence, there is a huge gap. exclusively produce - 'Amul Dan' for While expansion of cattle feed farmers of West Bengal and for open manufacturing facilities is happening at market.

The dairy union currently has two cattle the rate of 4 %, the demand is growing by 6-7 %," he added. feed plants in Gujarat including one at Kanjari that was established in 1965 and inaugurated by former prime minister Lal Bahadur Shastri. This plant has capacity to manufacture 1,000

plant at Joyrambati through a third party plant with eight lakh litres per day milk processing capacity to cater to the eastern market, has plans to set up its own dairy plant in West Bengal.

"Unless, the cattle is given right kind of feed, productivity of animals will not get enhanced," he said.

"We have already acquired 17 acres from West Bengal Industrial Development Corporation to set up 1 million litres expandable to 2 million litres per day dairy plant with an investment of Rs 200 crore," he said.

The dairy which runs a milk processing

Source: Times of India

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The Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers Union Limited (KDCMPUL) popularly known as Amul Dairy has started its first cattle feed plant outside Gujarat.

23

INDUSTRY NEWS

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 2 | December 2016

Image Source: Financial Times

Increasing global production of oilseeds

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Global oilseed production is forecast higher in November, primarily on larger soybean crops in the United States and Russia, as well as a larger peanut and rapeseed forecast in China, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) said in its latest World Agriculture Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report.

24

Oilseed exports are up on larger shipments from the United States, Ukraine and Russia, offset by a reduction in Argentina, it said, adding that soybean imports are forecast slightly lower on reduced demand in Russia offset by an increase in Mexico. “Global oil imports are up on higher soybean oil demand in India offset by a reduction in demand for palm and palm kernel oil. Global oilseed stocks are boosted, led by Argentina, United States, and China,� the report added.

The U.S. season-average farm price is up 15 cents to $9.20 per bushel.

2015/16 Global soybean and rapeseed production is raised on revised China production for 2015/16. Soybean imports are up on stronger demand

from the European Union and China.

Exports are down slightly with lower shipments from Argentina. Global stocks are raised this month led by China and Argentina.

Changes observed in 2016-17 trade outlook United States: Soybean exports are up 680,000 tons to 55.8 million on larger exportable supplies while soybean meal exports are down 272,000 tons to 10.9 million on slowing demand.

Argentina soybean exports are down 400,000 tons to 9.3 million, and soybean meal exports are down 100,000 tons to 32.7 million on slowing demand.

Brazil soybean meal exports are down 300,000 tons to 15.5 million on slowing demand.

European Union: Soybean meal imports are down 200,000 tons to 30.0 million following tighter exportable supplies in South America resulting from lower crush. Sunflowerseed meal imports are up 100,000 tons to 3.9 million on ample exportable supplies in the Black Sea

region.

India: Palm oil imports are lowered 250,000 tons to 10 million, and palm kernel oil imports are lowered 100,000 tons to 130,000 on larger supplies of other vegetable oils. Soybean oil imports are raised 400,000 tons to 4.0 million on higher demand.

Japan soybean meal imports are down 100,000 tons to 1.8 million on lower domestic demand.

Mexico soybean meal imports are lowered 100,000 tons to 2.5 million, while soybean imports are up 100,000 tons to 4.3 million on strong domestic crush margins.

Pakistan soybean meal imports are reduced 150,000 tons to 500,000 tons on lower forecast of domestic consumption.

Russia soybean imports are down 100,000 tons to 2.1 million following a larger crop.

Tunisia olive oil exports are slashed 100,000 tons to 70,000 in response to sharply lower production.

Source: indoasiancommodities

ARTICLE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 2 | December 2016

Water quality: A hidden limiting factor for animal productivity Amit Sharma, Hujaz Tariq, Srobana Sarkar, Debsish Satapathy & Deepika Tripathi, Animal Nutrition Division, NDRI

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

Introduction:

26

79% of the planet earth's crust constitutes water, only 2.5% of all water resources is fresh water, 96.5% of water is in oceans and 1% is brackish water. Out of 2.5% fresh water, 70% is locked up in glaciers, permanent snow and atmosphere (Dompkaet al., 2002Íž UNESCO,2005). India has only 4% of total fresh water resources of the world (FAO, 2013) and total water availability (surface + ground) in India is around 1869 billion cubic meters (BCM); about 60% (690 BCM from surface water and 432 BCM from ground sources) is usable and remaining 40% is not accessible for use due to various geological and topographical considerations. 91% of extracted groundwater is consumed by the agricultural sector and rest 9% by the industrial and domestic sector. Similarly, 89% of surface water is consumed by the agricultural sector and rest 11% by the industrial and domestic sector.

India is more vulnerable for water scarcity

because of its growing population, over-exploitation of water resources and in-disciplined lifestyle. It is predicted that most of Indian states might reach water stress state by 2020 and water scarcity state by 2025.

Animals are competing with human for portable water directly and due to dominance, animals will not get good quality water. So, the challenge for the future is to optimize livestock productivity by knowing that how poorer quality water resources can be utilized or treated, or both, to make them acceptable for ruminant production without compromising the health, welfare and productivity of the animals and also the quality of the products (e.g., dairy food products). It is a well established fact that quality of water resource has a great impact on animal health, nutrient utilization and ultimately on production. So, in this article, a brief information about the anti-quality factors present in water that may affect animal health, production has been discussed.

Anti- quality factors of water: The quality of the water is influenced by its source and contamination from abiotic and biotic factors. Main criteria to access water quality are its organoleptic (odor and taste), physiochemical properties (pH, total dissolved solids, total dissolved oxygen, and hardness), presence of toxic

ARTICLE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 2 | December 2016

compounds (heavy metals, toxic minerals, organophosphates, and hydrocarbons), excess of minerals or compounds (nitrates, sodium, sulfates, and iron) and presence of bacteria. Among all parameters, the salinity/total dissolved solids (TDS)/total soluble salts (TSS) is the major factor which affects water quality as well as the suitability of particular water resource for livestock (NRC, 2005; Salem et al., 2011).

In India, groundwater is the major source of water for animals. Generally, groundwater contains high levels of TDS compared to surface water which mainly depends upon the geology of the surrounding area, rainfall, vegetation, topography and human activities around the water sources. The impact of high level TDS were studied by Sharma et al., 2016 in growing Murrah calves found a negative impact of TDS (>4467 ppm) on animal's drinking water intake which ultimately resulted in reduced animal performance. The impact of different levels of TDS on animal's performance is shown in Table 1. Similarly, Other studies

by Solomon et al. (1995) and Shapasand et al. (2010) reported higher milk yield in lactating animals that consumed water containing less than 1000 ppm TDS. Whereas, Valtorta et al. (2008) had observed effect of higher levels of water TDS on feed intake, rumen parameter, body weight and body score.

Upper-limit (mg/L or ppm)

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Aluminum

28

0.5

Arsenic

0.05

Boron

5.0

Cadmium

0.005

Chromium

0.1

Cobalt

1.0

Copper

1.0

Fluorine

2.0

Lead

0.015

Manganese

0.05

Mercury

0.01

Nickel

0.25

Selenium

0.05

Vanadium

0.1

Zinc

5.0 Osborne, 2006

Table 1 Effect of different levels of TDS on animal health and production (Sharma et al., 2016) TDS orTSS (mg/L)

Observations

600

Safe, normal water intake, optimum growth

700-2500

Safe, slight initial rejection for 2–3 days, thereafter normal water intake and growth of buffalo calves

2600-4500

Strong initial rejection for water intake, thereafter slightly less water intake without significantly growth reduction

5000– 6000

Very strong rejection initially, there after water intake was significantly lower and growth performance was decreased

>6,000

Total rejection for 1–5 days, thereafter decreased water intake and very low growth

pH :The pH of the water for dairy cattle consumption should be 6.5-8.5, preferably neutral. pH beyond this value can disturb the ruminal activity and ruminal microflora, digestion and absorption of the food.

Microbial Contamination: Generally, the water troughs are heavily contaminated with enteric bacteria. This is rather the major source for enteric bacteria and a common source of exposure to potential pathogen to cattle, that could result in infection of large numbers of animals during a relatively brief period. It is well known water troughs serve as reservoirs for enteric microorganisms and water-borne transmission of these pathogens to cattle (LeJeune and Gay, 2002). Generally, water for animal consumption must contain no coliform bacteria for calves, and coliform count should be under 10 per 100 milliliters for adult cattle.

Drinking troughs (tanks) and buckets should be kept relatively clean. A raised base around tanks helps to keep manure contamination problems to a minimum. Cleaning tanks and water buckets to prevent build-up of old feed and other debris is important.

Other contaminants which are occasionally found in water can pose a health hazard to animal and hamper their production. For safe consumption, water contaminants should not exceed below guidelines: Conclusions: Water is the most important nutrient for all forms of life. In the last century, relatively little attention was given to how drinking water should be provided and managed in ruminant production systems, because it was relatively inexpensive and plentiful. But today in the changed situation, due to climate change, over-exploitation of water and poor conservation policies, this is becoming scarce and water scarcity is going to be a major challenge for the humanity in near future. The availability, source, quantity, treatment, and conservation of water shall be the decisive factors in future, dictating farm location, size, sustainability, and profitability of the farm. Good quality and hygienically safe water will become the basic prerequisite for achieving high production performance ,good animal health and high quality products from livestock.

References are available upon request

2016-17

CALENDAR OF EVENTS

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 2 | December 2016

JANUARY

APRIL

10th International Feed Regulators Meeting (IFRM) Date: 30-31 January 2017 Venue: Atlanta, USA Email: info@ifif.org Web: www.ifif.org

International Feed Expo Date: 31 Jan - 2 Feb 2017 Venue: Georgia World Congress Center, 285 Andrew Young International Blvd NW, Atlanta, Georgia USA Email: info@ippexpo.org Web: www.ippexpo.com

FEBRUARY Feed Tech Expo Date: 23-25 February 2017 Venue: New Grain Market, Karnal, India Email: feedtechexpo@gmail.com Web: www.feedtechexpo.com

AgraME Date: 10-12 April 2017 Venue: Dubai International Exhibition Centre, Dubai Email: ciaran.noonan@informa.com Web: www.agramiddleeast.com

MAY IDMA Date: 4-7 May 2017 Venue: Istanbul Expo Centre, Turkey Email: info@idma.com.tr Web: www.idma.com.tr

Feed Expo Philippines Date: 24-26 May 2017 Venue: SMX Convention Center, Pasay City, Philippines Email: michael.blancas@ubm.com Web: www.livestockphilippines.com

MARCH AFIA 2017 Purchasing & Ingredient Suppliers Conference Date: 6-10 March 2017 Venue: Orlando, FL, USA Email: info@afia.org Web: www.afia.org

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VIV Asia Date: 15-17 March 2017 Venue: BITEC, Bangkok Email: ruwan.berculo@vnuexhibitions.com Web: www.vivasia.nl

30

Aqua Aquaria India Date: 21-23 April 2017 Venue: Andhra Loyola College Campus, Vijayawada, India Email: traduciruso@gmail.com Web: www.aquaaquaria.com

To list any industry event related to Grain & Feed industry please write us at editor@benisonmedia.com