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EDITORIAL Publisher & Editor Prachi Arora prachi.a@benisonmedia.com
Managing Editor Dr. T.K. Walli Former Head, Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI
Consumer awareness is the key Many a time certain media reports project the Indian Poultry and livestock industry as the major source of spreading AMR (Antimicrobial Resistance) in human
Subscription Head Gaurav Chander g.chander@benisonmedia.com
beings which is largely based on assumptions rather than scientific facts. India anyway lacks scientific data to prove such claims. In this issue, we covered different industry experts to understand the ground realities and how the industry is preparing to combat the issue. A clear
Designing & Online Marketing Head Ashwani Verma info@benisonmedia.com
message that came out of conversation was about consumer awareness. Please read the cover story on pg 8 to understand expert views. Last year poultry industry suffered huge losses due to COVID-19 and its rumors. The industry hardly started to recover from the losses that bird flu hit the sector. But this time experts are directly trying to educate the consumer
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about the safety of eggs and chicken. Prof. G Devegowda, well renowned Indian Poultry Expert proactively made an awareness video that has made rounds on social media
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
and got 1000+ views in less than 48 hours only on Think
Dr. Dinesh T. Bhosale Former Chairman, CLFMA of India Dr. S.P. Vinil Poultry Expert Mr. Amit Sachdev Indian Representative, US Grain Council Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand US Soybean Export Council Dr. Suhas Amrutkar Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition, MAFSU, Parbhani Dr. SN Mohanty Former Principal Scientist, CIFA Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta Agricultural Economist Raghavan Sampath Kumar Commodity Expert Dr. Swamy Haladi Feed Additive Expert Dr. R Gnana Sekar Lead Consultant, GS Dairy Farm Consulting Dr. Suraj Amrutkar Assistant Professor, Dept. of ILFC, SKUAST-J, Jammu
Grain Think Feed pages, and even translated version is getting played on various organized and unorganized chicken corners in South India. Another video by Mr. JagbirDhull, Skylark Hatcheries is also getting spread on Monthly Magazine for Feed Technology
social media. The most interesting act was by Mr. Arun Madhav of Lotus Farms who put his image with his daughters eating chicken to give the right message to the consumers. Then many other players and associations like IB Group, Venky's, Nandu's chicken, Zorbian Chicken, PFI, etc. also posted on social media and interacted with general media to present the real picture. Read pg 27 for recent information released by Govt. of India. We hope you enjoy the issue and wish you all a happy new year!
Prachi Arora
MonthlyVollume Magazine for 10 Feed Technology 1 | Issue | August 2015
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 3 | Jan 2021
Contents R&D
ARTICLE
05 Novus partners with biotech innovator Agrivida to bring innovative technology to the market
14 Benefits of feeding Urea Molasses Mineral Block as a feed supplement to ruminants and the precautions to be taken in its use. 18 Nutritional Intervention to Address Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry Birds
COVER STORY
08 Expert views on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
INDUSTRY NEWS
06 Indian soymeal demand in international market
MARKET PROJECTION
13 Lower world ending stocks for Corn
26 Joint efforts of farmers and private investors can change the fate of Indian Agriculture – Learning from Indian Poultry industry 28 India's Maize Exports at Six-Year High
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Think Grain Think Feed is a monthly magazine published by BENISON Media at its office in Karnal. Editorial policy is independent. Views expressed by authors are not necessarily those held by the editors. The data/information provided in the magazine is sourced through various sources and the publisher considers its sources reliable and verifies as much data as possible. However, the publisher accepts no liability for the material herein and consequently readers using this information do so at their own risk. Although persons and companies mentioned herein are believed to be reputable, neither BENISON Media, nor any of its employees or contributors accept any responsibility whatsoever for such persons’ and companies’ activities. All legal matters are subjected to Karnal Jurisdiction. Disclaimer : The published material and images are sourced from various websites and newspapers, and used for information purpose only, if you have any issue, please inform us at info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in. BENISON Media or Think Grain Think Feed is not liable for any claim prior to written information.
Novus partners with biotech innovator Agrivida to bring innovative technology to the market Rajiv Singh, CEO of Agrivida, echoed Meagher's enthusiasm about the partnership: “The Agrivida team has been undertaking ground breaking work in biotechnology innovations to express functional proteins in grain. That work has led to the development of a sustainable production platform with application potential for many types of feed additives, and we are Novus International, Inc., a global leader in nutrition and health solutions for the animal agriculture industry, announced plans to redefine its business through an enhanced focus on gut health and innovation. The Missouribased company is making good on its strategy with a new partnership. “Novus and its Board of Directors are very excited to announce the partnership with Agrivida,” said Novus CEO and President Dan Meagher. “Agrivida's novel and innovative technology allows for the delivery of feed additives in a completely unique and very sustainable way – directly inside of the grain. It is technology like this that will further show Novus's commitment to our customers: to help them produce wholesome,
affordable food in an efficient and sustainable way.” Agrivida, a privately held biotechnology company based in Massachusetts, was founded in 2003 by scientists from MIT who discovered a way to incorporate feed additives directly into corn grown for production animals. By having the additive inside of the grain, the molecules are more efficiently absorbed, and producers can improve both animal performance and their bottom line. The partnership combines Novus's nearly 30 years of research, sales and marketing experience with Agrivida's unique technology, allowing both companies to grow the customer base as well as explore new innovative products and solutions through R&D collaboration.
thrilled to partner with Novus, an organization that shares our commitment to improving the world of animal health and nutrition through new technologies.” Meagher adds, “We believe our customers value innovative, sustainable solutions to their challenges that also improve their cost position, and they will be eager to integrate a novel technology that delivers these advantages. We look forward to bringing this technology to customers and having them join us on the journey to continue transforming our industry.” Novus is making Agrivida products available to its customers in the U.S. immediately while registration is underway to expand to other countries. Source: Novus
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R&D
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 3 | Jan 2021
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 3 | Jan 2021
Indian soymeal demand in international market first half of the current
Image Source: investing
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INDUSTRY NEWS
fiscal year to 1.31 lakh tonne against 1.10 lakh tonne during the year-ago period. Overall, oil meal exports to the US recorded highest growth among importing nations. Among other countries, Taiwan and Vietnam registered 15.17 % and 14.26 % increase, respectively, in Indian oilmeal imports during the Indian soya bean meal
India's soya meal exports
period. Soya meal export
exports have touched
surged 144% on year to
growth was a meagre 0.11
around 6-7 lakh tonne until
200,000 tonne due to a
% or 11,000 tonne in the
December 2020 and is
revival in demand, led by
first half of the fiscal year
likely to cross around 12-14
opening up of economies
compared to 6% growth in
lakh tonne in the 2020-21
across the globe, observed
overall oilmeal shipments.
(October-September)
SOPA.
season, senior industry
The United States
executive director, Solvent
officials said. DN Pathak,
Department of Agriculture
Extractors' Association of
SOPA executive director,
(USDA) has reduced India's
India (SEA), Indian soya
pointed out that there had
crop estimate to 90 lakh
meal is given priority in the
been a robust demand for
tonne versus earlier
US since it needs non-GM
Indian soya bean meal.
estimate of 114 lakh tonne.
soybean.
Soybean meal export prices
Lowering of India's soya
“Barely 5% of the soya
are attractive at around
bean production estimate
bean crop in the US is non-
by nearly 20% had added
GM and those who want
fuel to the bullish
non-GM soy products there
$520 per tonne and Rs 36,300 per tonne, industry officials said. Typically, price of the Indian soya meal variety is higher than the international ones, but this year India has an advantage in exporting more as the recent global rally in soybean prices has made Indian soya meal competitive. In November,
06
According to BV Mehta,
sentiments and a bullish year for soya bean is expected during the greater part of 2021, industry experts said. Significantly, the US has
have to pay a premium. That's the reason way the Indian soya meal is competitive,� he said. SOPA chairman Davish Jain had earlier stated that US had emerged as the biggest
turned out to be India's
buyer of such specialised
biggest soya meal buyer.
soya meal and its demand
Soya meal exports to the
was growing.
US increased 19.5% in the
Source: financialexpress
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 3 | Jan 2021
Image Source: biomerieux
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COVER STORY
Expert views on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Many a time certain media reports project the Indian Poultry and livestock industry as the major source of spreading AMR in human beings which is largely based on assumptions rather than scientific facts. Such claims may be based on inaccurate estimates or inappropriate methods or extrapolating a narrow database whereas ground realities is quite different. Still, as a responsible industry, we are working towards the AMR-NAP intervention plan 2017-21 to combat this issue. Think Grain Think Feed virtually interacted with various experts to know their opinion on the subject. Please read the excerpts below: Dr. V. Ramasubramanian, Infectious Disease Expert, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai quoted Dr Stuart B. Levy (Pioneer on Antibiotic Resistance), “Antibiotic resistance is inevitable�. When you start using antibiotics it is just a matter of time when antibiotic resistance starts Dr. V. Ramasubramanian
emerging. A bug that is resistant to one antibiotic is likely to develop resistance to others. When antibiotics is used on one person, the entire community gets affected as it changes the gut microbiome and the resistant bacteria is transmitted one to another through plasmids and
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 3 | Jan 2021
can get into the community.
addresses the important
“Till now it was believed that
policy and regulatory issues
antibiotic is connected only
in relation to antibiotic use.
to human use while recently
Though there are many
it is found that 75% of the
challenges AMR being a very
usage of global antibiotic is
complex issue with the
in the non-human arena i.e.,
involvement of many
poultry, sericulture, fish,
stakeholders, there has been
meat, pork producing farms
a continued effort across the
where maximum usage of
sectors to create awareness
antibiotic is observed,” said
and to rationalize the use of
the human expert with more
antibiotics.
than three decades of
“Govt of India has
experience.
implemented a few stringent
Antimicrobial resistance is
regulations to minimize the
one of the major health
use of antibiotics including
challenges of the current
enforcement of Schedule H1
century. We lack sufficient
categorization for all-
data on the use of antibiotics
important antibiotics,
in Indian food animals.
restriction on animal use of
“A massive awareness drive
critically important antibiotic
should be conducted among
Colistin etc. There have been on-going efforts from organizations like ICMR, ICAR on disease surveillance and to create a comprehensive database on the prevalence of AMR infections,” said Dr Arun Atrey, INFAH. Further mentioning on the role of INFAH, he said the association has been
Dr. Ani Bency Jacob
supporting the 'One Health
the poultry, dairy and swine
approach' and actively
farmers along with
participating with scientists,
veterinarians on the issue,”
institutes, and organizations
said Dr Ani Bency Jacob,
like IVRI, FAO, DAHD, FSSAI,
Animal Nutritionist, Ministry
IAAVR to create awareness
of Fisheries, Animal
for Judicious use of
Husbandry and Dairying,
Antibiotics.
Government of India.
“With the increased
National Action Plan
awareness within the
The Indian NAP for AMR is a
concerned departments and
well-designed
consistent pursuance of
comprehensive plan that
INFAH, a separate veterinary
Dr Arun Atrey CDSCO in 2018 for the regulation of veterinary drugs & biologicals. INFAH is closely working with the authorities for formulating specific regulatory processes & guidelines applicable to animal healthcare products,” he added. Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying is the competent authority that outlines the standards & guidelines of feed additives. Currently, FSSAI is also in the process of framing out policies & guidelines for the regulation of Animal Feed & Feed Additives. INFAH is closely working with FSSAI for the formulation of the new regulations. “The NAP is based on one health approach, which is the need of the hour. Priority should be given to regular vaccinations of meat and
“
FSSAI is also in the process of framing out policies & guidelines for the regulation of Animal Feed & Feed Additives
division was established at
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COVER STORY
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 3 | Jan 2021
milch animals, which would reduce the frequency of incidence of diseases and thereby use of antibiotics,” said Dr Ani. Medicated feed additives play a very important role in controlling many infectious diseases in animals and also to produce safe food for humans. Animals require an
10
“
these action plans have to identify all the relevant stakeholders followed by the mapping of available infrastructure and capabilities of these stakeholders to arrive at a tangible One Health Action Plan.
appropriate method of
drugs. The practice of
Plan.
providing the desired AGPs
feeding low levels of
In India although health is a
for their better growth so
antibiotics to food-
state subject and individual
that they can help improve
producing animals poses no
states can formulate
productivity & provide the
immediate or imminent
decisively actions only very
best quality of food, milk,
threat to human health.
few states have developed a
and other secondary
Many Antibiotics used in
Strategic Action Plan based
products. The Animal Health
animal feed are not critically
on National Action Plan
industry is currently focusing
important antibiotics and
against this silent pandemic.
on biosecurity solutions,
some of them are exclusive
Kerala was the first state in
vaccinations, and the use of
for veterinary use.
the country to have ramped
suitable alternatives like
Kerala – first state to
up efforts to control AMR,
Probiotics, organic acid, etc.
address the issue
and this plan was guided by
to reduce the use of
In addressing issues such as
WHO and was launched by
antibiotics in farm animals to
AMR, it must recognize that
the Chief Minister of Kerala
the extent possible.
the drivers for this complex
in October 2018. The state
“It is worth noting that the
issue lie across domains
plan is called Kerala AMR
total withdrawal of these
encompassing human health,
Strategic Action Plan
effective representatives of
animal health, environment,
(KARSAP) and has been
feed additives may lead to
fisheries, and water
operationalized through a
the enhanced use of
sanitation, hence can only be
One Health response which
prescribed antimicrobial
resolved through
was formulated under the
drugs for treatment which
intersectoral Action Plans,
leadership of the Health
might raise complexities with
which are the cornerstone
Minister Ms K K Shylaja.
possible loss of production
for action by the State. Such
“In the first year of
as well as economic returns
Action Plans are the starting
implementation of KSRSAP
for the farmer, as
point for the implementation
the focus was on improving
experienced in many
of control strategies and
Awareness & Understanding
countries,” said Dr Atrey.
these action plans have to
AMR and start some AMR
INFAH stated many scientific
identify all the relevant
surveillance systems. The
reviews have concluded that
stakeholders followed by the
extension & training wing of
antibiotics used in humans is
mapping of available
the Livestock Management
one of the major driving
infrastructure and
Training Centres (LMTCs)
forces behind the antibiotic
capabilities of these
located across various
resistance problems
stakeholders to arrive at a
districts of Kerala. Each of
encountered in human
tangible One Health Action
these centres trains around
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 3 | Jan 2021
Dr. Robin Paul 200 farmers every month. The Kerala State Veterinary Council the statutory registration body controlling veterinary practice is now conducting the Continuing Veterinary Education (CVE) program for Veterinarians on AMR. The Veterinary University has AMR included
develop baseline data on
renowned Poultry expert for
AMR in Kerala, based on this
more than 4 decades and
baseline information further
President of Veterinarians of
AMR control strategies are to
Poultry industry based in
be developed,” he added.
Bangalore also updated Dr
“Although some work on
Ramasubramanian about the
tackling AMR has started,
present scenario of the
but still, Kerala has a lot of
Indian Poultry Industry which
work to do like the lack of
is quite different from
details of Antimicrobial
previous decade or so.
Usage (AMU) and molecular
“Nearly 30-40% of the
epidemiological data on the
producers are not using
full spectrum of Antibiotic-
antibiotics but using
Resistant Genes (ARGs) will
alternatives to antibiotics –
impact the ability to interpret
like organic acids, probiotics,
prevalence/surveillance data
enzymes, etc. Two years
on AMR when they are
back, when FSSAI lied down
available. The absence of
guidance for antibiotic usage
regulatory compliance on
in all animals including
the existing weak regulations
poultry, it clearly mentioned
for feed safety and poor
permitted and nonpermitted antibiotics and
in its curriculum with an aim
also laid down the maximum
to improve the
residual limit of antibiotics if
understanding of AMR and
at all it is to be used in case
promote prudent use of
of disease outbreak.
antibiotics,” said Dr. Robin
Whenever there is a disease
Paul, Public Health, State
outbreak, we use antibiotic
Veterinary Department,
but we withdraw at a certain
Kerala.
period under the guidance of
“Regarding Surveillance, the
qualified veterinarian,” said
Veterinary Department has completed staff training to
Dr Devegowda. G. Devegowda
the lab personnel of
“Due to good quality of
microbiology divisions on
stakeholder awareness
produced products, India is
WHO-NET, an Information
further complicates the
able to export egg powder
System for Monitoring
issue,” he further added.
to Japan some European
Antimicrobial Resistance.
Updating medical
These labs are now doing
professional
AMR surveillance in Animals
During a virtual interaction,
and Foods with an aim to
Prof. G Devegowda,
“
Every gram of broiler or layer feed produced in India is designed under supervision of qualified nutritionist
countries like Germany,” he added. “Even many Quick Service Restaurants in India like KFC, McDonald, Dominos, etc. specify their requirement of antibiotic-free eggs and chicken. Nearly 80% of poultry production under the organized sector providing sanitized water, sterilized feed
11
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COVER STORY
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 3 | Jan 2021
“
industry is very rare. The
Nearly 3040% of the producers are not using antibiotics but using alternatives OP Singh along with good biosecurity measures due to which bacterial load drastically come down,” he added. The poultry expert agreed that 20 years ago antibiotics was used in poultry as growth promoters but now due to better awareness among producers and consumers for antibiotic-free chicken and eggs, the scenario is completely different now. Hence it is assured that egg and chicken produced in India is antibiotic-residue-free though not antibiotic-free. Mr. OP Singh, Poultry entrepreneur with more than 3 decades of experience also participated in the virtual
quality of feed fed to chicken
the challenge instead
is far better in quality
targeting an industry which is
nutrition and balance than
already practicing sizeable
human food. Biosecurity
ethical production process.
plans implemented at various
Legislation is the only way
levels in breeding farm is far
After listening to both Poultry
better than living standards of
experts, Dr Ramasubramanian
villages etc. where most of
shared the concern is the
population is living in,” he said
impact that is faced on a
while assuring about safe
regular basis when several
chicken and egg production
patients lose their life due to
in India.
AMR issues.
Moreover, as per CDSCO data,
“India has various laws but
48% of antibiotic are freely
the problem is the
sold from medical stores
enforcement of the laws. It is
without prescription. Then
the question of hygiene and
how it is justified to focus on
sanitation. Use of over-the-
industry which is farmer
counter antibiotics. Human is
oriented. Risk is much more in
also a huge contributor to it.
case of human as it is highly
We are not looking at
unorganized in terms of
antibiotic residues which end
consumption of antibiotics,
up in human plate but at
hygiene and sanitization,
antibiotic-resistant bacteria
conductance of the antibiotic
which may be found in fish,
delivery mechanism.
chicken or even vegetables
Mr. Singh added commodities
consumed by human and
like water, food crop (grains,
then change their
pulses) etc. are also not
microbiome. Legislation and
regulated. Even hospital born
enforcement of rules is the
disease resistance issues data
only way to minimize or
is also not available with
control this issue,” he added.
government of India.
He concluded while saying
facts among the human
“I believe western world is
that it is the responsibility of
expert. When he asked
trying to target Indian poultry
every citizen of India to use
various authorities like ICMR
industry which is growing by
antibiotic appropriately.
and FSSAI about the residue
leaps and bounces and
Dr Devegowda suggested
meeting to present scientific
that one can accumulate from
threatening their existence on
having more regular
per capita consumption of 5
cost of production. We are
interaction with medical
kg chicken per annum,
surely going to compete in
professionals to avoid such
nobody could answer.
global trade with our scale of
confusion about poultry,
production and existence,” he
dairy, and other livestock
added.
products. This would help us
“Every gram of broiler or layer feed produced in India is
12
comprehensive in countering
designed under supervision
Mr. Singh opined that all
to send the right message to
of qualified nutritionist.
scientist should work on
the general public and also
Chances of error in chicken
National Action Plan which is
mass media.
Lower world ending stocks for Corn Amit Sachdeva, U.S. Grains Council A demand driven rally and supply issues with South American/Black Sea origin took corn market higher. Rally was also brought out by the WASDE report, as corn yield was lowered to 10.794 MT/Hac, corn production down at 360.25 MMT. Overall US corn ending stocks are expected at 39.4 MMT, lowest in many years and lower than 2015/16. Production in Argentina and Brazil cut by 2.5 MMT in all. Overall global crop was reduced by 9.6 MMT, which added fuel to fire. Overall world ending stocks were lowered by 5.2 MMT. China export increased by another 1 MMT to 17.5 MMT. US corn on exchange moved up by $14/MT against last week. As on 15 Jan 2020, US corn for Mar closed at $209.2/MT; May $210.46/MT and Jul $209.43/MT. FOB prices moved up as well, likewise. FOB prices at US Gulf indicated at $254248/MT and PNW at $272265/MT for the period FebApr 2021. Brazilian corn was indicated at $277/MT, up $10/MT against last week, and also Black Sea origin corn up $10/MT at $257/MT. The export limits set by Argentina; Russia putting
export tax on Barley and corn
low. Prices on FOB basis (US
at Euro 15 and Euro 25.MT
Gulf) indicated at $320-
respectively from 15 Mar
318/MT, up $18/MT; prices at
2021 also aided the upward
PNW on FOB basis indicated
market movement. Ukraine
up $12/MT at $313-311/MT.
too has asked the
Protein for animal feed is
government to limit exports
expensive and countries
to 22 MMT, to avoid shortage
continue to import as there is
for animal feed.
a need. CNF prices to Vietnam
Sorghum continues to find a
were up $20/MT at $354-
market in China and exports
357/MT. The demand for
are expected to be 7.36 MMT.
CGM is up, leading to
Sorghum production in US is
increased prices, which
increased to 9.475 MMT.
reached a peak of $770/MT
Sorghum price on FOB basis
(FOB), added $84/MT to last
(Texas) was up by $16/MT at
week’s prices. CGF prices also
$332/MT. Australian Barley
were up by $45/MT at
prices were reported p by
$275/MT.
$5/MT at $230/MT on FOB
Internal freight rates as well
basis and Russian Barley up
and international container
$21/MT at $241/MT.
freight rates remain high,
US DDGS prices remain
leading to higher delivered
higher as production remains
prices.
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MARKET PROJECTION
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 3 | Jan 2021
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ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 3 | Jan 2021
Benefits of feeding Urea Molasses Mineral Block as a feed supplement to ruminants and the precautions to be taken in its use. Amir Amin Sheikh Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu Introduction The production of livestock is an integral part of farming systems. The principal forages used in India for feeding livestock are crop residues and dry grasses. These crop residues are low
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 3 | Jan 2021
nutrient supplementation is essential in this scenario to improve the use of these poorquality roughages. Considering the availability and price of concentrate mixture, poor farmers can hardly afford them. To overcome this limitation, animal nutritionists across the world have shown that the nutritional value of crop residues can be enhanced if it is complemented by deficient nutrients (Makkar, 2002).
in nitrogen, minerals, vitamins, high in fiber and lignin, low in digestibility and thereby,limiting its intake by the animals. Feeding of such lowgrade feeds as the major part of ruminant diet result in low nutrient intake and thus, in the low productivity in animals.The performance of the animals on such diets results often in sub-optimal performance, which is reflected in sluggish growth, delayed maturation, longer inter-calving periods and poor milk yield. Strategic
The Urea Molasses Mineral Block (UMMB) was developed at NDDB (1983) and has been further enhanced at IVRI (Garg et al., 1998). Supplementation of Urea Molasses Mineral Block (UMMB) can show promising effects on improving the use of nutrients and also the productivity of animals (Prasad et al., 2001). UMMB supplementation can increase feed digestibility by up to 20 percent, increase the nutrients received by animals, and increase feed intake by 25 to 30 percent (ESGPIP, 2007). It can be fed throughout the year, but during the dry season or when the animals graze lowquality fodder, they are more beneficial. Liquid supplements based on molasses with added nitrogen, minerals and vitamins have recently been shown to improve growth rate and reproductive performance in cattle as another approach to increase nutrient utilization. The benefits for feeding UMMB
are: a)
Safe and uniform micronutrient delivery vehicle
b)
Safe delivery Vehicle for NPN
c)
Increase NPN utilization
d)
Vehicle for delivery of molasses or fermentable rumen carbohydrates to rumen microbes
e)
Reduce dustiness of concentrate feed
f)
Reduce feed sorting
g)
Increase the feed intake as a whole and enhanced palatability
Urea-molasses-mineral block (UMMB) is a strategic feed supplement for ruminants that promote the growth of rumen microbes throughout the day with a constant source of fermentable nitrogen. UMMB supplementation significantly increases feed intake, milk yield, and growth rate and is, therefore, a costeffective approach in maximizing the use of locally available feed resources for increased productivity. UMMB provides fermentable nitrogen, energy, and minerals intermittently through licking, which is necessary for optimum microbial growth. Microbial protein can add 30-40 % of an animal's crude protein requirement. UMMB supplementation in the ration is quite beneficial, especially when fed cropresidue-based diets, as ruminants, can produce microbial protein from nonprotein nitrogen.
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 3 | Jan 2021
Molasses is noted for its sugar content and sugars usually contribute 60-65% of the solids in sugarcane molasses. Increasing the rate of carbohydrate fermentation could result in more effective capture of rumen degradable protein and improved supply of metabolizable protein to the dairy animals. Urea is a nonprotein nitrogen compound; the nitrogen portion of urea is used as the building block for the production of protein by rumen microbes. Most urea contains about 46% nitrogen and protein contains 16% nitrogen. Therefore, when urea is
Ingredients
Example I
Example II
Molasses
45 %
40 %
Urea
15 %
5%
Mineral mixture
15 %
3%
Salt
8%
2%
Calcite powder
4%
-
Bentonite
3%
-
Cotton seed meal
10 %
-
Deoiled mahua seed cake
-
10 %
Wheat bran converted to protein, the Crushed maize crude protein equivalent value of urea is about 281%. Urea contains no other useful feed component such as energy, minerals, or vitamins. Ruminant, through rumen microbial agency convert urea to the protein via ammonia and carbon dioxide obtained from the degradation of soluble carbohydrates. The excessammonia released from urea is transported to liver, where it is reconverted to urea to get it detoxified and then excreted out through urine. Composition of UMMB UMMB is made from various ingredients, each of which in the mixture has its own contribution. In general, it consists of Molasses, Urea, Mineral mixture, Salt, Calcite Powder, Bentonite, Cottonseed meal, Deoiled mahua seed cake, Wheat bran, and crushed maize. The composition of the Urea Molasses Mineral Block is given below. The composition may vary according to the availability of feed ingredients. Precautions while supplementing UMMB ·Feed to ruminants only
16
-
20 % (sheep, goats, and 20 % cattle). ·Do not feed to
monogastric animals i.e., horses, donkeys, or pigs. ·Do not feed to young
ruminants less than six months of age (kids, lambs). ·Blocks should be used
as a supplement and not as the basic ration. · A minimum of coarse
forage in the rumen is essential. · Never give blocks to
an emaciated animal with an empty stomach. There is a risk of poisoning due to excessive consumption. · The quantity of blocks
fed to sheep and goats should be limited to 100 grams/day while for cattle it should be limited to 500-700 grams/day. · The blocks should
never be supplied in ground form or dissolved in water as this can result in over consumption · Supply sufficient
amount of water ad-lib. References are available upon request
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 3 | Jan 2021
Image Source: WIRED
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ARTICLE
Nutritional Intervention to Address Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry Birds Dr Partha Das Head-Technical, Kemin Industries South Asia Pvt. Ltd.
Antimicrobial products used in animal food production helps to treat infectious causes, and as well as for growth of promotional purposes. It increases the exposure of bacteria to antibiotics and increases the chances of developing antimicrobial resistance over time. Resistance to antimicrobials is a serious global health issue. European Union banned the usage of antibiotics as growth promoters from 2006, and a few Asian countries followed such a ban. A great awareness started building up amongst the public on this front. So, the food animal producers in countries like the US voluntarily started withdrawing the usage of Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGPs) while using manage mental measures and alternative products to AGPs. The objectives of antibiotic-free (ABF) chicken production ensure the consumers that the chicken is free from antibiotic residues & antibiotic resistance and addresses chicken & human health awareness. The measures that are recommended by Kemin in ABF chicken production include – hatchery hygiene, biosecurity, cleaning and disinfection of farms, sanitized water, feed mill hygiene, and nutritional measures that include the usage of alternatives to AGPs. Nutritional Measures to Reduce Anti-microbial Resistance
18
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 3 | Jan 2021
E)
F)
physiological system
nutritional factors of raw
Maintain a well-
materials should be within
balanced
the standard limits. Itavoids
neuroendocrine system
large variation in nutrient
Optimal digestion and
levels and ensures the health
absorption in gut G) Secure strong intestinal barrier to reduce bacterial challenges Maintaining all the above factors will support ABF chicken production and eliminate AMR development without ill effects on animal productivity. Nutritional Programs to Successfully Address AMR in Chicken 1. Raw material Quality Control: Manufacturing poultry feed
nutrient loss and gut health. All raw materials should be routinely screened to check the nutrient variation, and procurement should be followed for raw materials with minimum variation. Proper storage of raw materials and finished feed avoids higher nutrient loss, rancidity, pathogen, insect, mold, or mycotoxin
this may aggravate if we
inspection orthe quality
compromise with safety and
audit must be routinely
quality of raw materials in
followed for all raw
terms of pathogen load and
materials and finished feed
nutrient levels. The raw
to comply with standard
materials presumably should
guidelines.
and school of thoughts that
to bacterial contamination,
can control anti-microbial
like E. coli, Salmonella,
resistance (AMR) in chicken.
Clostridium, etc. Mold and
Some of the important areas
toxin levels of microbes,
to consider under nutritional
mold & pesticides should be
perspective are as below.
below standard or within
A)
Ensure a stable and
accepted levels. Regular raw
healthy gut ecosystem
material checking for rodent
in chicken
or insect infestation as well
Effective immune status
as physical appearance
of birds
eventually control its safety
Reduction of systemic
and nutrient levels, and it
infections or challenges
should comply with standard
status in birds
a direct correlation with
contamination. The quality
avoid unnecessary risk due
D) Control of oxidative
should be regularly assessed since rancidity has
harness several diseases, and
There are several principles
C)
like oils, rice polish, etc.,
without antibiotics may
be of vegetable origin to
B)
safety of birds. Rancidity parameters of raw materials
permissible limits. Adulteration level and anti-
2. Raw Material Selection: Gut viscosity and digesta flow are two important criteria that regulate the development of the intestine, gut motility, rate of nutrient absorption as well as maintain healthy microbiota in the intestine. High digesta viscosity may have a negative role on the above physiological conditions. Addition of a high level of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs') to chicken diets through higher inclusion of raw materials
19
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ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 3 | Jan 2021
rich in NSP, i.e., wheat, rye,
20
cells leading to cellular
may effectively reduce
etc., leads to increased gut
damage and intestinal
stress or
viscosity and reduced
inflammation. Providing
immunosuppression. A
nutrient absorption,
broad-spectrum probiotics
good quality fat level
particularly saturated fats.
warrant better gut integrity
increases during summer
Hence raw materials that
and a healthy gut
stress to reduce body heat
hold good for optimum gut
ecosystem. Gut acidifiers
increment and benefit the
viscosity will ensure better
will maintain the required
extra calorific value of oil.
digestion and minimum
gut pH and enhanced
Consider broad-spectrum
nutrient wastage. Raw
enzymatic secretions.
enzyme application
materials with a high level
Vitamin C and organic
covering maximum
of soluble NSPs' and non-
chromium ensures better
substrate (multi NSPase,
degradable substrates
glucose metabolism, reduce
carbohydrase,
should have restricted
stress, and oxidative
multiprotease) to ensure
usage in feed formulations.
damage to the tissues.
better digestion, absorption,
Also, the use of broad
Butyrates increase the
and bird performance.
spectrum NSPase enzyme
absorptive surface area of
5. Maintain Superior
and biosurfactants have
enterocytes and enhances
Immune Statusof Birds:
been shown to positively
nutrient absorption.
Intensive farming conditions
affect gut viscosity and
Prebiotics effectively
laid the importance of
improve digestion &
stimulate the gut
maintaining the strong
nutrient absorption. Certain
ecosystem, gut health, and
immunity in birds
raw materials with a high
immune status of birds.
throughout the life cycle.
level of nutrient variation
4. Nutrient Level
Optimal nutrition plays a
like dried distillers grains
Optimization of Diets:
pivotal role in minimizing the
with solubles (DDGS), rice
Birds need sufficient
incidence of disease by
gluten, wheat, deoiled cakes
nutrient levels to support
enhancing immunity.
(DOC) should be carefully
maintenance and
Essential amino acids like
used by considering more
production demands and
arginine, threonine, valine,
accurate nutrient values.
fulfill requirements during
and glutamine are known to
3. Ensure Healthy Gut
stress conditions and
have a role in
Ecosystem and Prevent
immunosuppression.
immunomodulation. Ensure
Intestinal Inflammation:
Formulations need to be
that these requirements are
Birds' gut as well as enteric
considered based on the
fulfilled conditionally.
system subjects to several
digestible amino acids and
Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin
challenges and infections
ideal protein concept, rather
D3 aid in developing
once the birds are under
than crude protein to
immunity. Also, among the
stress. Factors such as
reduce protein wastage,
trace minerals, zinc,
stress, pathogen, feed
litter borne disease and
manganese, and selenium
contaminants can loosen
body heat. Excess amino
have a positive effect on
the intercellular tight
acids and protein should be
immunomodulation, wherein
junctions of the intestine
avoided to ensure better
additional supplementation
leading to a syndrome
nutrient balance and
of 10 to 15 % might be
called leaky gut. A leaky gut
uptake. Provision of buffer
crucial. Better electrolyte
facilitates the bacterial
nutrients like metabolizable
balance in the body is
pathogens & toxins to pass
energy (ME), macro and
important for better osmotic
in between the epithelial
micronutrients, and salts
regulation and transport of
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 3 | Jan 2021
essential nutrients, which
starch gelatinization,
Alternative products to AGPs
eventually support a strong
pelleting, optimum pellet
are employed primarily for
immune system and
durability index (PDI), and
promoting growth and
optimum feed intake.
particle size, etc., play a
infection prevention, with
pivotal role in ensuring
fewer options available for
quality feed and superior
treatment. In addition to the
bird performance. Optimum
nutritional measures, we
particle size distribution in
need to focus on
feed has a positive effect on
management strategies
the gizzard function, nutrient
including biosecurity, water
absorption, sustained digesta
management, vaccination for
flow, and better bird
prevailing diseases, and
productivity.
regular disinfection. Further,
processing is vital to
Summary
complement the effects by
maintain uniform quality
Nutritional intervention plays
reducing the risk of
feed and bird productivity.
a critical role in allowing
pathogens being introduced
Factors like proper grinding,
farmers and veterinarians to
and spreading in the herd or
mixing, steam conditioning,
reduce the usage of AGPs.
Additives like the combination of organic chromium and vitamin C and beta-glucans help in facilitating better immunity levels in birds. 6. Feed Plant Process and Quality Control: Maintaining standard guidelines for feed
flock. References will be available on request.
2021
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 3 | Jan 2021
Mexico to confirm if GM corn ban applies for livestock feed Image Source: Eat Local Grown
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INDUSTRY NEWS
Mexico's main agricultural lobby on Saturday criticized the government's decision to ban genetically modified corn, while organic growers hailed the move that should protect smaller farmers. Mexico will “revoke and refrain from granting permits for the release of genetically modified corn seeds into the environment,” stated a decree issued in early January, which also mandated the phase out of GMO corn imports by 2024. Proponents of GMO corn say the ban on domestic cultivation would limit the options of Mexican farmers, while phasing out its importation could imperil the food chain. “The lack of access to production options puts us
22
at a disadvantage compared to our competitors, such as corn farmers in the United States,” said Laura Tamayo, spokeswoman for Mexico's National Farm Council. “On the other hand, the import of genetically modified grain from the U.S. is essential for many products in the agrifood chain,” added Tamayo, also a regional corporate director for Bayer, whose agrochemical unit Monsanto makes weedkiller Roundup and the GMO corn designed to survive application of the pesticide. Opponents of GMO crops say they contaminate ageold native varieties of corn and encourage the use of dangerous pesticides that endanger public health and
harm biodiversity. Mexico is largely selfsufficient in white corn used to make the country's staple tortillas, but depends on imports of mostly GMO yellow corn from the United States for livestock feed. It was unclear whether the decree will phase out imported GMO corn for livestock, or whether the rules will only apply to corn grown for human consumption. As per USDA data, the country has been second largest importer of GM Corn. The rules mandate a phase out by 2024 of the use of the herbicide glyphosate, used in Roundup, the same year that Mexican President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador leaves office. Source: Reuters
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 3 | Jan 2021
Last year, the African swine fever killed many pigs in Assam, subsequently the import of the animal was prohibited in Manipur. The contagious African Swine Fever (ASF) has been reported in Manipur, said officials, assuring that the situation is under control. Director of state veterinary and Animal husbandry Dr Chaoba Singh said that the disease has been detected in the Salungpham area in Thoubal district and NongmaichingChingkhong (Wakha) area in Imphal East district. “So, the said areas have been sealed and sanitised. One km radius of the area has also been contained to prevent further spread of the disease,” Dr Chaoba said. “The surveillance is going on within 10 km radius of the areas too.” Singh suspected the illegal import of pigs as the reason behind the disease. Last year, the ASF killed many pigs in Assam, subsequently the import of the animal was prohibited in Manipur. Meanwhile the district administration of Thoubal in its order issued on January 2, under the Prevention and Control of Infectious Contagious Diseases in Animals Act 2009, notified “controlled areas” for ASF at Kangyambem, Lokchao, SalungphamMamangLeikai. At the same time, Imphal
Image Source: Twitter
African swine fever case in Manipur
East District administration in its order on January 4, declared a piggery farm as “infected premises” at NongmaichingChingkhong (Wakha) area in the district.
disease and to pursue vaccine development. Source: Hindustan Times
The district administrations also banned sale of pig, pork, feed and related items in these “controlled area” and “infected zones” apart from restricting the movement of pig from the place where it is kept within the above area and zone, the orders said. “Any person/institution/ organisation found violating any of those containment measures shall be deemed to have committed an offence punishable under the Act,” it said. ASF continues to pose challenges for the global pork industry. Research continues throughout the world to gain more knowledge about this
23
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 3 | Jan 2021
Another step of Srinivasa Farms towards sustainability Image Source: The Hindu
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INDUSTRY NEWS
A 2.4 tonnes per day capacity
Chitturi, said in a recent
Srinivasa Hatcheries and
compressed biogas project
release.
XEMX Projects, Solika Energy
based on poultry litter has
The CBG project exclusively
is in the process of setting
been set up in Udityal village
uses poultry litter as raw
up a second CBG project in
near Balanagar here.
material and is located next
Telangana. It will come up in
Claimed to be the first such
to a large commercial
Kandukur, a village on the
in Telangana, the project of
poultry farm with over 4.5
way to Srisailam from
Solika Energy will supply
lakh birds. All the raw
Hyderabad, and have a CBG
compressed biogas, in
material from the poultry
production capacity of 3
cylinders, to an Indian Oil
sheds will be collected to
tonnes per day.
Corporation (IOC) outlet in
generate biogas.
Mr. Chitturi said that Solika
Attapur. Commercial sale at
In addition to CBG, the plant
has developed a unique
the outlet is expected to
will also generate around 15
process of ammonia
begin next month.
tonnes of organic manure as
reduction which results in
The CBG plant was formally
a by-product daily. Solika
sustained reuse of water
opened in the last week of
Energy has developed the
making the biogas plant zero
December by Executive
project under the
liquid discharge. The process
Director and State Head of
Sustainable Alternative
removes and reduces all
IOC for Telangana and
Towards Affordable
impurities like feathers,
Andhra Pradesh RSS Rao
Transportation (SATAT)
stones, and sand. Solika
along with International Egg
scheme of the Union
plans to provide the organic
Commission Chairman and
Ministry of Petroleum and
manure to the local farming
Srinivasa Farms Group
Natural Gas.
communities, he said.
Managing Director Suresh
A company backed by
24
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INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 3 | Jan 2021
Joint efforts of farmers and private investors can change the fate of Indian Agriculture – Learning from Indian Poultry industry While farmers in the north
years, with private investors
when private investments
agitating against three agri
joining hands with poultry
come in. Infrastructure
reform Bills apprehend that
farmers. Private investment
development, including
private players would exploit
has played a major role in
processing plants, are the
them and dominate the
infrastructure development
result of private investment
sector, the poultry farming
in poultry farming and
in Maharashtra's poultry
segment in Maharashtra with
thousands of farmers have
farming industry,” said
an annual turnover of
reaped the benefits of the
Shetty.
? 35,000 crore has flourished,
growing industry,”
Infrastructure support from
thanks to the joint efforts of
Maharashtra Poultry Farmers
private players come in the
farmers and private
and Breeders Association
form of improved poultry
investors.
President Vasant kumar
birds, day-old chicks at
One of the agri reform laws
Shetty told BusinessLine. He
subsidised rates, hatchery
introduced by the
added that it is absolutely
units and training sessions.
government seeks to create
wrong to close the doors on
Agriculture analyst Deepak
a new legal framework for
private investment
Chavan says that
contract farming, which is
apprehending that investors
Maharashtra has a new
being opposed by farmers from Punjab and Haryana and Opposition parties saying that farmers will be at the receiving end in the exercise. However, Maharashtra's poultry farming industry depicts a different picture, according to poultry farmers. Poultry production has a long history of backyard farming, but the picture has changed in the last few years
supply chain of maize
the farmers.
farmers who are directly
Private players in
supplying their produce to
Maharashtra control
the poultry industry.
commercial production of
“Maharashtra has been
layer poultry birds (egg-
implementing reforms in
laying poultry birds raised
the Model Act since 2003
for commercial egg
and private companies
production) and broiler
producing cattle feed are
poultry (chicken bred and
directly purchasing raw
raised for meat production). The private enterprises involve farmers in contract
in Maharashtra, thanks to
farming for the broiler
contract poultry farming.
poultry, which is sold under
“Poultry farming has
26
and entrepreneurs will loot
brand names.
flourished in Maharashtra,
“Our experience shows that
especially in the last 10-15
new opportunities arise
material from farmers,” he said. As poultries purchase maize directly from farmers there is a synergy between the poultry business and farmers, which has no place for the middleman, said Chavan. Source: businessline
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 3 | Jan 2021
27
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 3 | Jan 2021
Image Source: The Economic Times
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INDUSTRY NEWS
India's Maize Exports at Six-Year High India's maize (corn) exports have surged to a six-year high in the first half of the current fiscal with shipments already having trebled compared with the whole of last fiscal. This fiscal's shipments are the highest since 2014-15, when India exported 28.25 lakh tonnes valued at $66.72 million (Rs 4,037.51 crore). Since then, though maize production has hit record levels of over 28 million tonnes, exports have lagged.
28
Statistics from Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) show that maize exports in the first half of the fiscal were 9.22 lakh tonnes valued at $184.52 million (Rs 1,376.83 crore) compared with 3.70 lakh tonnes worth $142.78 million (Rs 1,019.30 crore) the whole of the last fiscal.
According to APEDA statistics for April-November, exports of other cereals, which includes maize, were 15.04 lakh tonnes valued at $327 million (Rs 2,389.22 crore).
the whole of 2012-13.
Drop in shipments after 2012-13 record shipments
trend
Maize exports have nosedived since record shipments of 47.88 lakh tonnes worth $1.03 billion (Rs 7,096 crore) in 201213, before the change in fortunes witnessed this fiscal. In this background, can India sustain the maize export trend seen this fiscal? One of the main reasons for the higher shipments is Bangladesh, which has imported a record 67 per cent of the commodity shipped out of India. The Bangladesh Factor Bangladesh imported a record 6.18 lakh tonnes valued at
$122.25 million till September. Before this, the neighbouring nation had imported a maximum of 5.16 lakh tonnes worth $139.93 million during Stakeholders views on the The rise in exports comes within months after domestic users such as the poultry and starch industries raised a hue and cry over maize not being available in ample quantities last year. More than the availability, they complained of domestic prices being unviable for the sectors. “Last year, prices had surged to Rs 26 a kg and we had to import to fulfil our requirements,� said Vangili Subramanian, president, Tamil Nadu Egg Poultry Farmers Marketing Society (TNEPFMS). Current maize prices ruling below MSP
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 3 | Jan 2021
current season (July 2020-June 2020) across the country. Bangladesh has imported maize from India at prices between $200 (Rs 14,700) and $240 (Rs 17,650) a tonne, much lower than MSP. Globally, maize prices are quoted between $232 (Rs 17,000) a tonne from the US and $243 (Rs 17,750) from Argentina – all free-on-board. This will now give more headroom for increasing offer prices for exports. Simultaneously, domestic prices will likely gain. Higher Kharif production estimated this year
Currently, maize is available at Namakkal in Tamil Nadu, the hub of the poultry industry, at Rs 15 a kg. Maize is ruling at different rates between Rs 1,200 a quintal and Rs 1,400 depending on the quality and moisture levels, though below the minimum support price of Rs 1,850 a quintal fixed for the
According to Chennai-based exporting firm Rajathi Group director Madan Prakash, maize exports have gained this year in view of a good crop this year during Rabi and Kharif. According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare, Rabi maize that hit the markets in April this year was a record 9.01 million tonnes. Kharif crop, as per the
Ministry's first advance estimates of foodgrains for 2020-21, will likely be 19.88 million tonnes against 19.68 million tonnes last Kharif season. “Getting material for exports is not an issue, though we have been affected by a shortage of containers. The maize crop will now begin to arrive from Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Exports can continue till May,” Prakash said. “Once Indian domestic prices touch Rs 1,700 a quintal, we lose out on export opportunities,” said an exporter, without wishing to identify. Advantages for Indian maize in global market Prakash says Indian maize can fill in demand as poultry feed as long as prices can match Brazil. “Even if our prices are at par with Brazil, we will gain. One reason is freight advantage and shorter
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29
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INDUSTRY NEWS turnaround time. We can deliver within 20 days, whereas Brazil shipments take 45 days. “Second, we can export in containers (24 tonnes) and small bulk vessels of 5,000 tonnes capacity,” he said. Indian maize exports can continue around current levels in the long-term if prices are competitive for importers and production can meet domestic demand. In fact, users project production to be higher than the first estimates made by the Ministry of Agriculture. Maize production this year has been boosted by farmers in Bengal switching over from jute. “Maize is not as labourintensive as jute and last year
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 3 | Jan 2021
prices for the fibre were low, leading to the switch-over” said a raw jute industry source. Bengani, who expects demand for Indian maize at current prices, cautions that domestic users will have to pay prices closer to the MSP or else they could face problems in finding supplies. Rajathi Group's Prakash said that the Indian government should allow maize exports, while also permitting imports, thus allowing a free play for market forces citing last year's example. When maize prices zoomed last year, domestic users imported 3.18 lakh tonnes, up from about 30,000 tonnes in 2018.
Imports are facilitated by the Centre annually allowing 5 lakh tonnes shipments into the country under the tariff rate quota (TRQ) regime. This allows imports of maize at a lower customs duty of 15 per cent compared with the normal 50 per cent. Normal imports also attract 5 per cent Integrated goods and services tax and 10 per cent social welfare surcharge. “We can export maize on a long-term basis if the Union government doesn't resort to panic reaction such as banning shipments as in the case of onions or even maize some years ago,” said Prakash. Source: swarajyamag
IB Group Inaugurated ABIS Poultry Feed Plant in Muzaffarpur, Bihar
30