July issue

Price: 75/-

Vollume 1 | Issue 9 July 2015

Global soymeal prices USSEC’s role in

Importance of

Monthly Magazine for Feed & Feed Technology

Vollume 1 | Issue 9 | July 2015

Price: 75/-

Published by BENISON Media SCO 27, 2nd Floor, Mugal Canal Market Karnal - 132001 (Haryana) Tel: +91 184 4036770 info@benisonmedia.com

Vollume 1 | Issue 9 July 2015

Publisher & Editor Prachi Arora prachi.a@benisonmedia.com

Managing Editor Dr. T.K. Walli Former Head, Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI

Contents

Business Head Vinod Kumar Saini info@benisonmedia.com

Designing & Marketing Ashwani Verma ashwani.v@benisonmedia.com

Online Marketing Nidhi Virmani promotion@benisonmedia.com

Circulation & Subscription Head Sunny Kamboj subscribe@benisonmedia.com

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Dr. Dinesh T. Bhosale Former Chairman, CLFMA of India

Distillers coproducts continue to evolve

05

Importance of grain standards

08

Good quality pellets - Does it make sense?

10

Strong export demand to limit downside movement of global soymeal prices

14

Quality Maize Protein (QPM): A Way ahead in respect of livestock feeding in India

16

Interview with Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand, USSEC

20

Pellet length suitable for compound feeds in South Asia

25

CLFMA of India suggests West Bengal to adopt new technologies of fish farming

28

Mr. Amit Sachdev Indian Representative, US Grain Council Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand US Soybean Export Council Dr. Suhas Amrutkar Livestock Development Officer, Govt. of Maharashtra Dr. SN Mohanty Former Principal Scientist, CIFA

Printed by: Jaiswal Printing Press | Published by: Prachi Arora | On behalf of: Benison Media | Printed at: Chaura Bazar, Karnal-132001, Haryana | Published at: SCO-27,

Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta Agricultural Economist

IInd Floor, Mugal Canal Market, Karnal-132001, Haryana | Editor: Prachi Arora

Dr. Swamy Haladi Feed Additive Expert

policy is independent. Views expressed by authors are not necessarily those held by the editors. The

Dr. R Gnana Sekar Lead Consultant, GS Dairy Farm Consulting Dr. Suraj Amrutkar Assistant Professor, Dept. of ILFC, SKUAST-J, Jammu

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in www.benisonmedia.com

Think Grain Think Feed is a monthly magazine published by BENISON MEDIA at its office in Karnal. Editorial data/information provided in the magazine is sourced through various sources and the publisher considers its sources reliable and verifies as much data as possible. However, the publisher accepts no liability for the material herein and consequently readers using this information do so at their own risk.

Although persons and companies mentioned herein are believed to be reputable, neither BENISON MEDIA, nor any of its employees or contributors accept any responsibility whatsoever for such persons’ and companies’ activities. All legal matters are subjected to Karnal Jurisdiction.

EDITORIAL

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 9 | July 2015

W

10

orld Milk Day Celebrations: FAO has

designated 1st June as

the World Milk Day and the countries across the world celebrated 15th World Milk Day this year. While at Mahmoud Farahat Zagazig University

global level the International Dairy Federation (IDF) promotes the activities on this day, in India, it is being celebrated primarily at the initiative of Indian Dairy Association, with its President, Dr. N. R. Bhasin taking the lead. Apart from IDA, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, through its research institutes related to dairy production and processing, especially NDRI, Karnal and IVRI Izatnagar, also take the lead in these celebrations, including some of the SAUs, dairy cooperatives and dairy federations. Most of these activities

20

and programs are aimed to inculcate awareness about the consumption of milk. This is mainly achieved by organizing different events including seminars, conferences and also the programs for school children, indicating the virtues of milk, its nutritional and functional food qualities and other benefits. With India being world's largest milk producing country, we can rightfully celebrate this day in a big way.

Upward trend in soybean meal utilization: This is what Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand, Director for India-Feed/Meal Program, US Soybean Export Council has to say in this issue while taking to the Editor of TGTF. In 1996 animal feed industry hardly used any soy products, and today the industry is using about 4.4 million tons of soybean meal. Its utilization in India has grown significantly. This year, the soy farmers are expecting a

Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand USSEC

crop which will be better than last year. While the Indian consumption for the last 5 years increased by 49% (between 2010 and 2014), the exports during the same time frame dropped from 4.11 million tons in 2010/11 to 2.01 million tons in 2013/14. This indicates that growth in the domestic sector is expanding. The world produced 188.30 million tons

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

23-24 July 2015

04

of soy meal in 2013/14 and 197.60 million tons in 2014/15, flushing the globe with ample stocks, and this in turn, has resulted in relatively lower prices. Right from the beginning Indian soybean was a lot more expensive and thus, India could not compete with international suppliers to export its meal. With Indian stocks expected to be high in the current year, prices are expected to see a down trend. This will be favourable for the animal feed industry and they are likely to take up soy inclusion and depend more on it. Internal

19-20 August 2015

growth/consumption is much more rapid than production of meal, and if this trend continues, we will be hardly left with any stocks for exports. This is definitely a welcome trend for Indian Feed Industry.

TK Walli

R&D

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 9 | July 2015

Distillers coproducts continue to evolve

Kurt A. Rosentrater Executive Director, Distillers Grains Technology Council Iowa State University

June 2015: Several years back it was asked if everything that could be done with distillers grains was done.

It is amazing how innovation continues to percolate through the industry and distillers coproducts continue to evolve, as do the industries that produce as well as consume them.

In terms of markets and economics, quality and consistency is still critical for the industry. Beef and dairy cattle still consume the lion's share of distillers coproducts in US, and the new USDA coproducts survey has been a very useful tool so far. Surprisingly, almost one-third of ethanol coproducts in the U.S. are marketed as wet feeds.

More important to coproduct values, however, is the international export

ingredients, but they also offer

become the primary importer of

nutritional and digestibility

Coproducts are continuing to change

DDGS. Due to this demand, the

benefits as well. And greater

in both physical and nutrient

sales price of DDGS was actually

inclusion levels are seen.

properties. The true value of the non-

higher than that of corn in

New processes and new coproducts

fermentable materials in ethanol

recent years.

Livestock nutritionists and researchers have endeavored to understand how best to use these new coproducts vis-a-vis traditional distillers grains. It is clear that the livestock industry has progressed significantly, and lower-oil coproducts are becoming wellunderstood via many ongoing feeding trials. Not only do

distillers grains offer price advantages compared to other

provide valuable insights on the

plants are becoming clear not only to

approaches to process innovation

the ethanol plants, but also to the

and next-generation coproducts that

livestock producers as well as

are being commercialized. These are

affiliated industries. As the industry

primarily high-protein feed

becomes more globalized due to

ingredients, and arise from upstream

exports (of both the DDGS and

separations, not fractionation from

ethanol), the market values may

the DDGS. How much more will

subject to unanticipated shifts.

livestock producers be willing to pay

The latest and greatest issues

for these new ingredients?

impacting distillers grains production

Not only does fractionation allow

and use was discussed at the recent

ethanol plants to get truer nutrient

Distillers Grains Technology Council's

values for DDGS, but so does

19th Distillers Grains Symposium in

integration of ethanol plants with

Kansas City.

www.benisonmedia.com

livestock feeding operations.

market. In recent years, China has

05

FEATURE

India's feed industry to double in next

5 years

I

ndia's animal feed industry, which is currently at $15 billion, is poised to double and touch $ 30 billion in the next five years to cater to the growing protein requirements of the country, a report published by Yes Bank says.

The per capita meat and milk consumption is growing, especially in China and India, and is projected to remain high in the European Union, North America, Brazil and Russia. With changing income levels and more people eating fish, meat and chicken, there will be a higher requirement of processed dairy, aqua and poultry products, which in turn will result in higher feed requirement, the report says.

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

The report suggests stronger growth in demand of poultry sector from integrators in regional pockets of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka & Tamil Nadu.

06

dairy products in India will increase the compound feed consumption volumes to 28 million tonnes by 2017-18.

In India, at present, cattle accounts for 7.5 million tonnes, aqua industry consumes 1 metric tonne (mt) while the poultry industry consumes around 13 mt of the feed, with soy meal and corn being the prime consumables. In volume terms, at present, an estimated 22 mt of feed is required in the country. Policy measures also needed to be taken to improve milk productivity of cattle which stood at 510 litres against 15-20 litres globally.

Good feed was one of the ways of achieving this.

The feed sector in India is at an inflection point with the emergence of modern dairies ranging from 50 animals to upwards of 500 animals, increasing exports of aqua product.

As the poultry industry has been expanding beyond the boundaries of State wise bifurcation these states, there is huge opportunity Tamil Nadu has the largest poultry for stand alone feed players. feed requirement of 1.38 million With multinational companies eyeing tonnes from broiler and 1.97 million the lucrative Indian markets, the tonnes from layer sector, followed by animal feed industry in India will Andhra Pradesh which require 1.27 have to increase their capacities million tonnes for broiler and 3.09 million tonnes for layers, whereas, keeping in mind the quality Maharashtra required 1.23 million issues to leverage on the tonnes for broiler and 360,000 tonnes growing demand for compound of feed for layers.

feed. India's feed industry is growing at a CAGR of 8% with poultry, cattle and aqua feed sectors emerging as major growth drivers. According to estimates by leading industry sources, the demand for animal protein and

West Bengal state requires 1.12 million tonnes of feed for broilers and 120,000 tonnes of feed for layers, while Haryana & Punjab state requires 880,000 tonnes of broiler feed and 1.49 million tonnes of feed for layers.

Source: The Financial Express

INDUSTRY THOUGHTS

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 9 | July 2015

Amit Sachdev Indian Representative, US Grain Council

A

s India entered the realm of international trade in grains in late 2000's, India was not ready as an exporter, but sold products of a price point and continues to do so. Prior to the green revolution, India was an importer of agricultural produce and followed the standards set by the exporting countries. Standards serve as reference, when used in context of contracts or international trade on which the commercial transactions are based.

without any problems. US grain

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

production and marketing system has the capability to offer a variety of grades to its end users, which are priced accordingly.

The differentiation in grades is possible due to the differences in topography, soils and climate from one region to another and the same is true for India as well, but Indian standards are not harmonized with International systems and hence Indian grains tend to be traded at a discount.

Within Indian context there are two standards one proposed by Food One of the major strengths any grain Corporation of India for food grade maize and one for trade as per NCDEX. production system can have is to The standards from FCI suggest as offer a grade of grains that is under :

08

consistent so as it is easy to trade and the users can identify the same

The Maize shall be the dried and matured

Photo left and right : At the market yard in Mahboobnagar different grades of maize available and traded . All 8 heaps are of different grade and it will be difficult for the end user to price. Must be mixed averaged out and priced accordingly. If large quantities of standard material is available, it is good for the farmers as well as the industry at large.

grain of Zea mays. The grain shall have uniform size, shape and colour. It shall be in sound merchantable condition and shall conform to standards framed under Prevention of Food Adulteration Rules.

1.

Maize shall be sweet, hard, clean, wholesome and free from Argemone maxicana and Lathyrus sativus (kesari) in any form.

2.

It shall be free from colouring matter, moulds, obnoxious smell and admixture of deleterious substances.

Recently Indian corn faced rejection in Canada as the samples were found to have higher levels of Alflatoxins, more than 20 times the permissble limit of 20 ppb (Parts per billion). Indian corn has also been rejected earlier in Indonesia and Vietnam due to higher level of Aflatoxins etc. While there are standards in place, the grain is exported without proper inspection. Also it seems that the grain standards for Industry are not the same as used by other countries for trade.

In the US, the Congress passed the U.S. Grain Standards Act (USGSA) in 1916 at

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 9 | July 2015

Grain Standards in India.

FCI Food use

NCDEX Industrial & Feed use 400 grains per 100 gm

CODEX

14% Max

14% Max

15.5%

Foreign Matter

1%

2%

2% of which Filth 0.1% Inorganic Matter 0.5%

Other Grains

2%

Count Moisture

2%

Damaged, Slighly Damaged and immature grains

5% of which fungus infected grains not more than 1%

Damaged Grains

1.5%

Slighly Damaged, Discoloured

4.5%

Shrivelled & Immature Grains

3%

Blemished Grains

7% of which Diseased Grains 0.5% Broken Grains 6%

Toxic or noxious seed, heavy metals, micro-organisms or poisonous or deleterious substances

Free from amounts hazardous to health

Source: Agmarket, NCDEX and CODEX

The U.S. Grain Standards Act provides for the establishment of official U.S. grain standards that are used to measure and describe the physical and biological properties of the grain at the time of inspection. The grades, classes and conditions reported on official certificates are determined according to the factors defined in these standards.

These factors may include test weight per bushel (one bushel equals 25.4 kg) and percentages, by weight, of damaged kernels, foreign material, broken kernels and other factors. The certificate also notes specific conditions of the grain,

such as moisture content and infestation. No seasonal adjustments are made on U.S. Grades. On an average one bushel of US corn has 90,000 kernels (as per a report from purdue university) and based on this the count will be 354 grains per US Grades and Standards.

Grade

Maximum Test weight per bushel (pounds)

Maximum Limits Of: Damaged Kernels Heat Damaged Tota l Kernels (percent) (Percent)

Broken corn & Foreign Material (Percent)

U.S. No. 1

56

0.1

3.0

2.0

U.S. No. 2

54

0.2

5.0

3.0

U.S. No. 3

52

0.5

7.0

3.0

U.S. No. 4

49

1.0

10.0

5.0

U.S. No. 5

46

3.0

15.0

7.0

Source: GIPSA, USDA

100 gm. Under normal circumstances, trade priecs are based in U.S. no. 2 and discounts are offered on U.S. No.3 (As per CBOT the contracts are based in #2 and #1 Yellow is at a premium of 1.5 cent/bushel premium and #3 at a 1.5 cent/bushel discount). Meaning if #2 is valued at $3.81/bushel=$150/MT, #3 will be valued at $ 3.795/bushel=$149.4/MT, a discount of $0.6/MT on CBOT).

It is not for the Government to decide,

While it is true that standards need

but for the trade to demand that the

to be simple, but then they tend to

harmonized standards be set in place

be impractical for trade and if the standards are too complex, then they tend to become impractical. In

order to move up the ladder on the World's Bank 'Ease of doing Business', India must act and hormonize its trading standards with that of the world. It could work both ways, open the imports as well and open the opportunities for Indian traders to export as per International standards.

and end users to demand that they would follow the standards to procure.

Be ready, we are not far from it.

www.benisonmedia.com

the request of local trade and governments that wanted a national inspection program and, for the first time, a national weighing program. The U.S. Grain Standards Act, with few exceptions, requires official certification that export grain sold by grade has been inspected and weighed. Official services are provided upon request for grain in domestic commerce. The Federal Grain Inspection Service (FGIS) is a program of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration (GIPSA). FGIS administers a system for officially inspecting and weighing grain and other commodities and is available at all ports.

09

ARTICLE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 9 | July 2015

Mahmoud Farahat, Ph.D. Consulting Nutritionist / Lecturer of Poultry and Animal Nutrition, Zagazig University, Egypt

F

eed pelleting can be

as a result of heat treatment during

defined period of time. The tumbled

defined as conversion of

pelleting process. Therefore, the

sample is then sieved to remove fines,

finely ground mash feed

pelleted feed helps in achieving full

and the amount of intact pellets is

into dense, free flowing

genetic potentials of modern broiler

determined. The PDI can be calculated

pellets or capsules, in a

strains.

as following:

In order to achieve these multiple

weight of intact pellet after tumbling /

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

process involving steam injection

10

(moisture & heat) and mechanical

benefits, the pellet durability should

weight of intact pellet before tumbling

pressure.

be of a standard quality. It should not

x 100

There are several advantages for

contain too much fines, otherwise, the

Other devices can be used to

feeding broilers on pelleted rather

bird performance will be adversely

determine the pellet durability such as

than mash feed. The main advantage

affected.

Holmen pellet tester, lignotester, etc.

is the improved bird performance

Pellet quality

Factors affecting pellet quality

(improved feed intake, weight gain

High quality pellets can be defined as

1) Feed formulation

and feed conversion). Birds fed

pellets that can withstand repeated

pelleted diets spend less time and

Some feed ingredients have good

handling as that reported during

need lower maintenance energy

impact on pellet quality, while others

bagging, transportation, storage, and

requirements during eating and

could have an adverse effect.

moving in feed lines without excessive

digestion, in comparison to those fed

Unfortunately, corn-soy diets are not

breakage or generation of fine

on mash feed. The other benefits of

the ideal diets that could achieve the

particles. Pellet quality is usually

desired pellet quality. Dietary inclusion

feeding pelleted diets include

expressed as the pellet durability increased feed density, decreased feed index (PDI), and measured by using dustiness and wastage, as it leaves no tumbling can device, in which the

of wheat grain or wheat by products (wheat midds, wheat gluten) can increase pellet durability, because of

room for selection, better mechanical

pellet sample to be tested is first

handling of feed in the feed lines, and

the high protein (gluten) and hemi-

sieved to remove fines, then tumbled

destruction of feed-borne pathogens,

cellulose content of wheat in

in the tumbling can device for a

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 9 | July 2015

comparison to corn or corn co-

Inclusion of binding agents e.g.

products. Similarly, inclusion of oat as

water (simplest binder), lignin

a partial substitute of corn can

sulphonate, hemicelluloses extract,

increase pellet quality. We can rank

gelatin, etc.) and/or surfactants can

feed grains according to their

increase pellet quality, pellet

positive impacts on pellet quality

throughput, and lower power

from best to worst as followings:

consumption.

oat, wheat, barley, corn, sorghum. Feed pellet quality factor (FPQF): is a and its gelatinization is the most

tool used to predict the pellet quality of the feed formula.

important factor for achieving the

Estimation of the FPQF for certain

desired pellet quality. However, recent

feed formula: each feed ingredient

reports indicated that the positive

has a pellet quality factor (PQF). The

impact of protein on pellet quality is

PQF has a score from 0 to 10, where

much more important than that of

0 refer to poor pellet and 10 refer to

starch.

good pellet. We can estimate the

Dietary inclusion of oil has an adverse

FPQF for each ingredient by

effect on pellet quality. This is

multiplying the PQF by the

attributed to the coating effect of oil

percentage of inclusion of the feed

to the feed particles which prevent

ingredient in the formula. The overall

their penetration by the steam, also

FPQF equals the sum of the FPQF of

oil reduces the friction generated

all ingredients used in the formula.

between die and fed particles with

Generally, values below 4.7 are

subsequent decrease in the starch

indicators for poor pellet quality,

gelatinization rate.

while values higher that 4.7 are

www.benisonmedia.com

It was previously known that starch

11

ARTICLE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 9 | July 2015

Ingredient Corn Barley Wheat DDGS Brewers grains Oil Molasses

PQF 5 5 8 5 3 -40 7

Ingredient Soybean meal Fish meal Sunflower meal Linseed meal Coconut cake Palm kernel meal Rape seed meal

Examples for estimation of the FPQF for certain formulas.

Example 1: formula without pellet binder Feed ingredient % of inclusion PQF FPQF Corn 60 5 3 Wheat 0 8 0 Soybean meal 35 4 1.4 Corn gluten 3.5 4 0.14 Oil 1.5 -40 - 0.6 Min. Vit. Premix 0.3 2.5 0.008 Binder: lignin 0 50 0 Total FPQF 3.95 indicators for good pellet quality.

2) Feed ingredients particle size Although doubted by some researchers, it is accepted that decreasing ingredient's particle size has a good influence on pellet quality.

However, over grinding is not recommended, to avoid power wastage, reduced production rate and suboptimal gizzard development. On the other hand, coarse grinding eases pellet break down and decreases starch gelatinization (high degree of gelatinization is required to produce good pellets).

PQF 4 4 6 7 5 6 6

Ingredient Corn gluten meal Ground nut mea l Guar meal Rice bran Vit./Min. premix Binder: lignin

Example 2: formula with pellet binder Feed ingredient % of inclusion Corn 30 Wheat 30 Soybean meal 35 Corn gluten 3 Oil 1.5 Min. Vit. Premix 0.3 Binder: lignin 0.5 Total F PQF

adhesion, feed semi-digestion, and feed pathogens damage. The steam temperature and the time that mash feed stayed in the conditioner have major influence on the durability of the produced pellets. Conditioning the feed at a temperature of 80 degrees C is sufficient to produce good quality pellets. The minimum time that feed should stay in the conditioning tube to produce durable pellets is 30 seconds. Long time conditioners, in which the feed can stay in the conditioner for about 3-4 minutes, can be used to improve pellet stickiness.

PQF 4 8 7 2 2.5 50

PQF 5 8 4 4 -40 2.5 50

with subsequent results in more starch gelatinization. Most of the starch gelatinization occurs when feed passes through dies. Similar result can be obtained via using small hole dies.

This means that dies of 60 mm thickness are better than those of 50 or 40 mm thickness, and that dies with holes of 3 mm diameter are better than those with holes of 5 mm diameter. However, using thicker or small holes dies have negative impact on pellet throughput. Additionally, increasing the distance between roll and die from 0.1 to 2 mm resulted in an increase in the pellet durability.

4) Die/roll specifications 5) Cooler Pellets are produced via roll pressing When mash feed passes through the After leaving pellet mill, the of the hot mash against metal die. conditioner, it will expose to high temperature of the pellets ranges from Thicker dies (long die channels) have a pressure steam. This steam provides 70-90 degrees C and the moisture positive impact on pellet durability, the heat and moisture required for ranges from 15-17%. Proper cooling due to increasing the friction time starch gelatinization, particles (via using stream air cooling machine) between feed particles and die wall is required to lower pellet temperature Factors affecting pellet quality. to about 8 degrees C above the ambient temperature, and moisture 5% percent to be 12%. The cooling machine can be of either horizontal or 15% Formulation vertical type. Quick cooling leads to removal of more moisture and heat Particle size 40% from the surface of the pellets than Consitioning their core, and the resultant pellets will be brittle. On the other hand, Roll/Die 20% prolonged cooling produces very dry Cooler pellets that can be exposed to abrasion 20% and can be of low palatability.

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

3) Steam conditioning

12

FPQF 1.5 2.4 1.4 0.12 - 0.6 0.008 0.25 5.08

20%

References are available on request.

MARKET PROJECTION

ThinkGrain GrainThink ThinkFeed Feed--Volume Volume11| |Issue Issue99| |July July2015 2015 Think

Strong export demand to limit downside movement of global soymeal prices Abhijeet Banerjee, Commodity Expert

A

bout three-quarters of global oilmeal trade is contributed by soymeal.

Nevertheless, this feed ingredient has lost some of its market share, between 2011/12 and 2013/14, when the trade stood at merely 1 million tons. Interestingly other oil meals, which represent much smaller market shares, have shown larger volume growth during this period. Cause of drop in soymeal trade was tightening soybean supplies in the exporting countries. Expanding supplies of rapeseed, sunflower seed, and palm kernel provided alternative oilseed meals which curbed growth of global soymeal trade. Total import demand was kept in check by high meal prices, driven mostly by soybean meal.

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

For domestic US soybean meal usage, the longer term outlook still appears bright. Global demand in coming

14

months shall be the major price driver for soymeal. Preference for soymeal has grown year after year, irrespective of record-high prices since past two years.

Soymeal consumption is being driven by an ever-increasing demand for protein. Consumption pace has picked up from countries like China, South East Asia, Brazil and the Middle East in recent years.

average price forecast for US season soymeal has also declined from near $540/ton to a current forecast of $360/ton in 2015/16. U.S. soybean meal exports for 2014/15 in June 10 WASDE report are forecast down 100,000 short tons in USDA to 12.7 million, but a revitalized domestic market may more than compensate for the reduction.

Domestic consumption of soybean meal in 2015 may increase to 31.1 Additionally rise in beef prices have million tons, versus May month's provided price incentive for rapid forecast at 30.9 million and the 2013/14 expansion of both poultry and pork total of 29.5 million. The June report producers, who consume soymeal in also stated that feed demand has large quantity. However United States improved with lower costs and a robust had a record crop in 2014, and similar was the situation of the South American recovery in hog production, which was held down last year by a sharp increase crop in early 2015, therefore in near in disease-related pig deaths. As of future supplies of soymeal should not March 1, the U.S. hog inventory was up be a concern for the industry. There will 7 percent from a year earlier with a be adequate supplies of soybeans for dramatic improvement in pigs per litter. crushing for the first time since the Producers are also feeding hogs for 2006-07 crop years. However, USDA's

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 9 | July 2015

Soymeal prices at Indore this year .

40000

38000

Price

36000

34000

32000

30000

28000

26000 29-01-2015

27-12-2015

30-03-2015

30-04-2015

01-06-2015

Date Table 1: Demand-Supply trends of global soya meal (Thousand Tons).

Production

Exports

Consumption

Closing stocks

2009-10

164947

55606

160978

6629

2010-11

174684

58549

171022

8650

2011-12

180471

58270

177767

10177

2012-13

180513

57767

176964

9777

2013-14

188386

61266

184118

10804

2014-15 Est.

107700

64070

260075

11440

Production

Exports

Consumption

Closing stocks

2009-10

5910

3117

2570

313

2010-11

7520

4800

2901

140

2011-12

7680

4391

3331

105

2012-13

7680

4354

3363

75

2013-14

7520

3550

3936

116

2014-15 Est.

6200

1350

4460

400

longer periods to achieve heavier market weights. For 2015/16, domestic use of soybean meal is seen 100,000 tons higher this month to 32 million.

Moving forward, lower soymeal prices

and stable to declining supplies of competing meals might boost exports of US soymeal this season, and this can allow the US market to capture nearly 90 percent of global meal trade growth.

All in all, world soymeal prices this year are most likely to remain below the highs seen during last two years but prices shall be frequently supported by strong global demand.

Share your pictures In the upcoming issues we’ll use reader pictures* (with captions and their names) - it can be anything related to feed industry (farms, feed mill, storage silos, quality testing etc).

Send your pictures to editor@benisonmedia.com *Picture format - .jpg high resolution

www.benisonmedia.com

Table 2: Demand-Supply trends of domestic soya meal (Thousand Tons).

15

ARTICLE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 9 | July 2015

Nitin Tyagi and Rakesh Kumar ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

Importance and limitations of existing maize as grains

16

so that the Niacin became available.

However this practice did not transfer to the Old World or settlers in the At global level, maize accounts for "New World" which had earlier 15% of proteins and 20% of calories in resulted in epidemics of Pellagra from world food diet. In India maize (Zea the 16th century onwards. In addition, mays L.) is the third most important cereal after wheat and rice. Currently it diets high in corn produce a condition known as wet-malnutrition - a person is cultivated over 8.12 million ha with receiving sufficient calories, but her or 19.77 million tonnes production with his body malfunctions due to a lack of an average productivity of 2435 kg/ protein or protein energy imbalance. A ha, contributing nearly 8 % in the chronic lack of protein in the diet national food basket. Maize occupies leads to kwashiorkor. an important place as a source of human food (25%), animal feed (12 %), In normal maize grain, the quality of poultry feed (49%), industrial products protein is poor due to the presence of mainly as starch (12%), and 1 % each largest concentration of alcohol soluble protein fraction 'prolamine' also known in brewery and seed. Unfortunately as 'Zein' in the endosperm. Zein is very maize grain has two significant low in lysine and tryptophan content. flaws; it lacks the full range of Since this fraction contributes more amino acids, namely lysine and than 50 per cent of the total protein, tryptophan, needed to produce the protein of normal maize grain is low proteins, and moreover, the niacin in lysine and tryptophan content. On (vitamin B3) present in the grain the other hand, zein fractions contain very high amount of leucine and is bound as an indigestible complex. Earlier, the people used to imbalanced proportion of isoleucine.

On the whole, the lack of proper boil maize in the alkaline limewater which would break down the complex proportion of all these four essential

amino acids results in the poor quality of protein in normal maize. The high quality of protein in other fractions in other parts of maize kernel becomes recessive due to the dominance of zein in normal maize. Thus, the poor quality of protein in normal maize affects its 'Biological value' i.e. the availability of protein in the body. Because, the lysine, tryptophan and threonine are the limiting amino acids in human beings and non-ruminants. In the absence of limiting amino acids the other amino acids are either deaminated and excreted (increasing the stress on animal) or used as energy source.

Development of Quality Protein maize Surinder Vasal and Evangelina Villegas began their collaborative research at CIMMYT integrating cereal chemistry and plant breeding techniques. They produced a QPM germplasm with hard kernel characteristics and good taste similar to the traditional grain and with much higher quality levels of lysine and tryptophan. Quality protein maize looks

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 9 | July 2015

only methionine supplementation, the

and tastes like normal maize with same

Although NM has a higher GE content

or higher yield potential. Besides

than QPM, its AME for poultry and

opaque-2 fed chickens grew faster

increased biological value; QPM

ADE for pigs are lower than those of

than those fed on normal maize, and

QPM. It indicates that the energy

has additional nutritional

available from QPM is little higher

advantages, such as higher

than that from NM.

concentration of niacin (vitamin B3) and improved absorption of potassium and carotene. In India, through acclimatization and repeated

Table: Comparisons on essential amino acid content in normal maize and QPM grain.

potential.

maize was 3.5:1 and 8.2:1 respectively.

From limited studies in Asia, one may for feeding poultry if supplemented adequately with methionine.

opaque-2 maize inbred lines and their protein quality and higher yield

optimal protein levels. The feed efficiency ratio for QPM and normal

conclude that QPM has great promise

Amino acid

selection, hard endosperm modified crosses have been identified for better

produced better live weight gain and feed conversion, even at below

Field demonstrations of QPM on swine

Lysine Isoleucine Leucine

have produced striking and convincing results. For swine, QPM can be fed as the only source of protein during

Nutritive Value of Quality Protein

finishing, gestation and pre-gestation

Maize (QPM):

periods without reducing growth. In

The normal maize grain under Indian

some experiments, pigs fed QPM grew

conditions on an average, contains

3.5 times faster than on normal maize when maize was the sole protein

14.9 % moisture, 11.1 % protein, 3.6 %

source. Since protein in QPM is not

fat, 2.7 % fibre, 66.2 % other Value of high-lysine cereals (QPM)

carbohydrates and 1.5% minerals.

concentrated, it is advisable to add or

Table : Protein quality of maize grain. in animal nutrition recommended that for growing pigs Quality measures Normal QPM A variety of animals have been used in of all ages or lactating sows, opaque-2 demonstrating the superior True protein digestibility (%) 82-91 92 maize must be supplemented with performance of QPM compared to Biological value (%) 40-47 80 extra protein to produce optimum normal maize used alone or in Source : (Young et al 1971) performance. The dramatic effects of combination with different food feeding QPM to non ruminant The True Protein Digestibility of rations. It is fair to say that QPM has livestock have been demonstrated in normal maize and Quality Protein great potential in monogastric animals other countries such as Guatemala, Maize is almost same, but the such as rats, chickens and swine. Other China, Vietnam and Kenya. biological value of normal maize is just advantage and role of QPM could be In White Leghorn layer chicken diet half as compared to that of QPM seen in substituting it for high protein feeding value of quality protein maize varieties. Rather, the biological value costly supplements like soybean or (QPM) was superior to normal maize of QPM is highest among all the food fish meal.

(NM), whereas that of Nityashree grains owing to the reason that all Feeding trials showed that rats fed on hybrid maize (NHM) was similar to cereals except QPM are deficient in opaque-2 compared with normal NM. Quality protein maize-based layer lysine, an essential amino acid and all maize exhibited a three to six fold diet produced 3.3% higher egg pulses are deficient in methionine, the increase in body weight. They also production and recorded 4.9% other essential amino acid. exhibited better feed intake and feed improvement in feed conversion There are no significant differences in conversion efficiency in chickens. In compared to NM. Substituting QPM

gross energy (GE), apparent

poultry feeding some special

for regular maize in the production of

metabolizable energy (AME) (poultry)

considerations must be kept in mind.

broiler feed reduces the amount of

and apparent digestible energy (ADE)

Growing chicks need high protein and

expensive protein sources used,

(pigs) between QPM and NM.

high methionine content diets. With

leading to a cost reduction of 5%.

Table: Chemical indices of the amino acid profile of the maize varieties.

Chemical index

Common maize

Quality protein maize

Total amino acids

50.20

63.50

Essential amino acid

26.37

36.96

Non essential amino acid

23.83

26.54

Amino acid index

63.04

88.35

Optimal ratios of QPM and regular maize were calculated and diets formulated, and subsequent trials showed that broilers raised with either mixture had the same feed intake, mortality and growth rates.

www.benisonmedia.com

mix with some supplement. It is

17

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

ARTICLE

18

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 9 | July 2015

c.

The industry would need a way of

Contribution to protecting the

market currently dominated by

environment

the United States, Brazil,

assessing the quality of the QPM

Netherlands and Thailand. India

it purchased. Therefore, a local

Nitrogen excretion due to animal farming is posing a serious threat to human health through ammonia or nitrate/nitrite pollution in soil and water. Farmers now must therefore face more and more stringent environmental regulations. Decreasing excessive protein in feed by supplementation of amino acids is the most cost-effective way to solve the problems of nitrogen pollution associated with animal feeding. It is a preventive measure aimed at reduction of pollutant output at its source. On an average, reduction of crude protein content in a diet by one percentage point can yield about an eight to ten percent reduction in nitrogen excretion. Reducing the crude protein level by three to four percent, with supplementation of first, second and third limiting amino acids, will yield at least the same growth performance but with around 20-30 percent reduction in nitrogen excretion.

potential. It is more economical to

POTENTIAL

use diets incorporating QPM as it

Consumption pattern

can lead to progressive

The projections of International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) has indicated that there will be 85 and 45 % increase in global demand for poultry and pork during 25 years (between 1995 and 2020) for which maize is the major source of feed that indicates growing demand for maize globally. In India the average per capita egg consumption is also increasing at fast pace.

reductions in the use of fishmeal

Export potential

laboratory provided at reasonable

has already started exporting shell eggs to gulf countries and egg

cost is needed to analyse maize

powder to the European Union (EU)

for its amino acid content

and Japan. India also exports large

d.

The database for utilization of QPM in livestock, poultry and

quantities of hatching eggs to Bangladesh, Singapore, Maldives,

fishes is scanty especially in dairy

United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia

animals, Hence the

and Oman and specific pathogen free

recommendations with possible

eggs to the EU for pharmaceutical

economic benefits to owners

purposes.

cannot be formed

Feed sector

CONCLUSION The expanded demand for meat

Consumption of commercial feed by the poultry sector at present is 28

and other animal products has

million tonnes/year. The poultry

witnessed unprecedented growth in

industry is highly dependent on the

livestock sector, which is now spilling

feed industry, which is only 35 years

over to feed industry as well. In the

old. The Indian feed industry caters

next two decades the growth of

predominantly to the dairy and

livestock sector is likely to

poultry sector. At present, the Indian

continue at the rate of 33 percent

organized feed industry produces

per year. The demand for feed

around 3 million tonnes of feed/year, which is only 5 percent of its actual

and synthetic lysine additives.

A WORD OF CAUTION WHILE

will thus rise rapidly and will have to be met by cereals which have potential for increased productivity and improved nutritional value through better feed efficiency. Maize will certainly play a dominant role, and QPM will have the added advantage of being

USING QPM

superior in protein quality and higher

a.

The lower digestibility of

in feed efficiency.

methionine with QPM should be

QPM as a livestock feed need to be

notified if it is used in animal feed

exploited along with the following

because methionine is one of the

activities:

most limiting amino acids in

1.

animal feeds. b.

opaque-2 is a recessive gene and

Motivation of farmers for more QPM cultivation

2.

More research reports on long

Export markets are also likely to open

an invisible trait, which makes it

term and short term effects on

up as subsidies on agricultural

harder to maintain during

different categories of livestock

products are phased out

breeding, seed production or

on productivity

internationally under World Trade

while recycling seed under

Organization (WTO) agreements. By

3.

farmers' conditions. Therefore,

The economics of oilseed cakes replacement, comparison with

special attention needs to be paid

protected/ unprotected amino

to training maize breeders, seed

eggs and poultry meat

acids supplementation should be

producers and farmers in

competitive, the Indian poultry

worked out.

appropriate manipulation of QPM

sector is expected to capture a

in order to preserve the trait in

significant share of the export

the seed of future generations.

making the quality and cost of

4.

Easy and cost effective availability of QPM quality confirmation mechanism

INDUSTRY NEWS

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 9 | July 2015

the fastest growing market.

July 2015: According to Grand View Research's latest study, the outbreak of various diseases such as swine flu and foot and mouth disease in the past decade have led to increased regulations on meat quality and safety.

This has spurred the use of feed additives and global animal feed additives market is expected to reach US$19.54bn by 2020.

In the years to come, raw materials and product cost concerns, especially over specialty products like enzymes, acidifiers and trace minerals is likely to be an issue for market participants,

Poultry has emerged as the leading livestock that consumes feed additives and accounted for 38.2 per cent of total market revenue in 2012. Growing preference for white meat, especially in India and China, is expected to drive poultry feed additive demand over the next six years. Poultry along with being the largest livestock is also expected to be the fastest growing livestock consuming feed additives at an revealed the report. Asia Pacific is estimated CAGR of 4.2 per cent from expected to be fastest growing market 2014 to 2020. Pork/swine followed for feed additives among all the regions poultry, accounting for more than 30 surveyed, and it will grow at a CAGR of per cent of the total market revenue in 4.2 per cent until 2020. It is also the 2012. Four major additive largest market for feed additives, manufacturers are expected to continue mainly due to the growing meat trade their dominance in the market. DSM, in India and China.

BASF, Evonik and Danisco accounted for more than 60 per cent of the global Among additives, amino acids have animal feed additives market in 2012. emerged at the top of the list with a Some of the other companies operating 31.2 per cent share in market revenue. in the global market include Elanco, Amino acids comprise lysine, methionine, tryptophan and threonine. Novozymes, Kemin Industries, Novus International and Cargill.

Antibiotics (accounted for 26.8 per cent of the revenue) and acidifiers are Source: reuters

3rd Edition

India's Largest Technology Oriented International Exhibition & Conference for

Milling & Storage Industry 16-17-18 Oct 2015

Exhibition Ground Gondia, Maharashtra

An Exposition business to xpand....your xplore....your market

E

nsure....your future

Organizer

Co-organizer

Supported by

Rice Millers Association (Maharashtra) Gondia Chandrapur/Gadchiroli Bhandara Nagpur

Madhya Pradesh Rice Millers Association

ADAMAS Events Pvt. Ltd. | +91-86074-63222, 86074-63111 | chandan.sareen@ricemillingexpo.com, info@ricemillingexpo.com

www.benisonmedia.com

www. ricemillingexpo .com

19

INTERVIEW

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 9 | July 2015

Interview with Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand Director, India - Feed/Meal Program, USSEC USSEC (US Soybean Export Council) addresses the issues of any soy-using or soy-dependent industry. It is well known for driving significant industry changes across the world, including India by working collaboratively with customers in the soy value chain. It has its presence in India since 1996. In an interview with Think Grain Think Feed, Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand, USSEC talks about upward trend in soybean meal utilization. Below are excerpts from the interview: Please share your views on USSEC's role in the growth of

expecting a crop which will be better than last year. We also

Indian soybean industry viz-a-viz animal feed industry.

saw that sowing has been successful and the young soy

USSEC (US Soybean Export Council) works in 80 countries

plants (6-8 inches tall now) are in a healthy state. Industry

across the world with 125 representatives engaged in

sources say that about 11 million tons of soybeans can be

International marketing to establish preference for U.S soy, for

expected. However writing these statements in June may be a

applications in the animal feed and human food applications.

bit too early to rely as predictions. The feed industry should

It has its presence in India since 1996. USSEC does not limit its

watch meal production data rather than watch soybean

focus onto soy marketing and promotion only, but also

production data.

addresses issues of any soy-using/soy-dependent industry in

Indian consumption for the last 5 years increased by 49%

the most holistic manner, rather the entire industry's value chain is dealt with. The overall well being of the industry is expected to connect to better soy utilization. USSEC is well known for driving significant industry changes across the world, including India.

During early days of USSEC in India, the industry did not know much about soy and its uses and benefits in animal and human nutrition. The animal feed industry which hardly used

This indicates that growth in the domestic sector is predictable, dependable and thus is a steady and growing opportunity.

The world produced 188.30 million tons of soy meal in

any soy products then, is now dependent on about 4.4 million

2013/14 and 197.60 million tons in 2014/15, flushing the globe with ample stocks, and this in turn, has resulted in

extension efforts made by USSEC in India, soy utilization in

relatively lower prices. At most of the reference periods Indian

India has grown significantly to a level that last year 66 % of

soy was a lot more expensive and thus, India could not

soy meal was used within the country. Existing trade and

compete with international suppliers to export its meal. The

utilization benefits derived from soy by the end users in the

global outlook for this year too looks good and future

animal feed industry is thus a significant contribution to the issues change and newer challenges come in and USSEC keeps an alert watch to try and address them proactively.

India is a protein-needy country and any effort made to educate people on nutritional benefits of animal protein, food safety and reaching animal products easily to a consumer; will increase demand of meat products, which in turn connect to

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

steady growth. Exports in the same time frame dropped from 4.11 million tons in 2010/11 to 2.01 million tons in 2013/14.

tons of soy meal. With education, demonstrations and

growth of animal feed and soy industries. As we move on

20

(between 2010 and 2014) and has been showing a very

contract prices are ruling low. I will urge everyone in the animal feed industry to take time and check for soybean and soy meal prices for available on CBOT/CME sites and become knowledgeable on that aspect. With Indian stocks expected to be high in the current year (due to present production forecast and a rather higher carryover from last year) prices are expected to see a down trend. This will be favourable for

increased animal production, increased feed and soy

the animal feed industry and they are likely to take up soy

utilization. USSEC recognizes that demand for soy in India is

inclusion and depend more on it.

moving on S&D patterns akin to China (though not so large)

According to recent report released by Rabobank titled

and efforts on improving understanding and soy utilization is

'Losing Steam' it predicts that as Southeast Asia's

expected to embark India as a potential market for U.S soy in

demand for soy meal increases, soy meal exports from

future.

India are expected to become negligible within five years.

What is the current crop outlook for this year's soybean

Your comment?

production in India and the world at large? Please throw some light on its consumption within India and its export patterns.

The monsoon in soy planting regions has been good. I and my colleagues physically surveyed the status last week (June 23-26). The soy farmers and the soy production industry is

I do concur with the Rabobank's report on soy meal S&D. The bank also brought out a similar forecast way back in 2010 which spoke on similar lines and I see that current trends match those predictions too. Soy meal demand has been steadily increasing in the south East Asian region (about 13.75

USSEC

www.benisonmedia.com

Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand

21

INTERVIEW and 14.79 million tons was imported in 2013/14 and 2014/15 respectively). Few years back south East Asia was a large

the result of genetic improvements coupled with scientific feeding, including the use of soy meal, have yielded lower

dependency onto larger suppliers because of the size of

FCR's, higher body weights of chicken, reduced time to reach

businesses they run, the need to be predictable on the raw

harvest, and in layers we have seen onset of early lay, reduction

material front, to be cost effective, and to be sustainable in

of pullet eggs and increase in total number of eggs produced

businesses.

by the bird has increased.

The lacunae I find in planning in India is that many animal

On the soy meal front; to benefit the poultry industry we

feed industries do not seem to be forecasting future needs of

identified a program called "Crush for Meal" because meal

soy meal and corn viz a viz demand. If we consider the present

quality is priority for animal feeds. Today the industry has access

soy meal requirement of India and its neighbours (Pakistan,

to good quality meal and there is awareness among soy

Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal) about 5.94 million tons of

crushers as to what feed industry's expectations are. However

meal has been utilized in 2014. With stock of 6.30-6.60 million

we still believe that a lot more should happen on the soy front

tons of soy meal in the last two years, the only excess meal

and that is one of the reasons for conducting the "Soy

Rapid growth in meal consumption in the Asian subcontinent region will consume most of the meal in a couple of years.

Internal growth/consumption is much more rapid than production of meal and if this trend continues, we will not be left with any stocks for export. Trends between soy production and utilization seem to be headed in opposite directiros when examined over a five year period (2010/11 2014/15). Soybean, Soy meal and soy crush showed a change of + 3.96%, (-) 18.27% and (-)10.75% respectively while utilization in India grew by + 49.70% and that of neighbouring countries is + 107.52%.

Could you please share the theme and the purpose of Soy Partnership Forum 2015?

The purpose of Soy Partnership Summit is to bring together all participants in the soy value chain under one roof once a year. I think it is worthwhile that soy users spend time understanding

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

genetics and nutrition. All of us in the industry have seen that

market for Indian soy meal but is seen shifting its

available in the region will be about 0.36-0.66 million tons.

22

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 9 | July 2015

Partnership Summit" as an annual event for the soy industry and the feed/food industry.

As for aquaculture, we indentified that the country never used any formulated feed to a degree that it should. Thus it was like a 100% opportunity for the aquaculture industry to improve itself through feed usage. From 2003 we designed programs and commercial demonstrations to show how feed works and brings in good returns. Thus the feed industry which was in a zero position in 2006 (though India appears 2nd on the worlds charts for aquaculture produce), today has about 1.5 million tons of installed capacity. Only about half is currently under actual use indicating that there can be higher utilization of feed if more of the traditional farming systems adopt technology.

Please share your views on use of genetically modified soya as animal feed.

the commodity, suppliers and buyers. We conceived this idea in

In 2012, 170 million hectares of land, around 12% of the global

2009 when we noticed that buyers and suppliers only talk on

arable land, was planted with genetically modified (GM) crops

the phone but never meet each other to understand intricacies

of soybean, corn, cotton and canola in 28 countries. United

of trade and technical processes. Due to business/knowledge

States of America planted the largest area, 69.5 million hectares,

utility and popularity, the representation and interest towards

while Brazil showed highest increase in area planted with

this event is growing by 15-20% each year.

biotech crops (6.3 million hectares).

At the event we try to provide more networking and discussion

India planted 10.8 million hectares of Bt cotton and the farm

time so that everyone walks out with a sense of satisfaction. A

income from 2002 to 2011 was 12.6 billion dollars. Income from

greater partnership promoted will lead to better planning,

Bt cotton among small farm households in India made a

efficiencies and improved trade processes.

positive impact on food security and dietary quality, suggesting

What changes have you witnessed in the Indian Livestock

transgenic crops can be important in food security strategy.

(Poultry, Dairy and Aqua) industry over the course of your

Cotton is a success reference of a GM product in India and the

career?

cotton seed meal is used almost extensively in the dairy feed

There was a time when no soy meal was used in early 90's and

industry in India since many years. And milk is the end product

today the industry is dependent on soy meal as a reliable,

emerging from its use and all of us know milk forms a

consistent form of vegetable protein. These dependable traits

significant part of Indian diet across the country.

of soy meal come in by virtue of its superior processing

The European Commission recently (April 2015) authorized 17

technology as compared to other protein meals. Two important

biotech events for feed and food use. The events included 10

aspects have played key roles in animal production systems -

new authorizations for GMO's for food/feed use and 7 renewals

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 9 | July 2015

of existing authorizations. The traits underwent a full

29.43 million tons of feed. USSEC estimated feed

authorization procedure, which included a favorable scientific

production as 30.50 million tons in 2013. Usually feed that

assessment by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).

is used for poultry breeders and aquaculture (shrimp/fish)

European norms are often very strict and GM happenings in

are often not taken into account or estimated correctly.

Europe can be positive, ready references to others in the world.

Both these sectors put together account for 3 million tons

Misconceptions and negative news that we see regarding GM

of feed. Nevertheless we have closer estimates which

products are often not sound science based. When the ultimate

definitely serve planning purpose. USSEC also forecasts that

users are human beings, research and development has to

the feed utilization in India will grow to about 40 million

ensure safety to humans and am sure this is kept in mind

tons by 2020 (taking Alletch's feed survey for 2014 as base

before any development or investments are made for GM

line + adding its own annual feed estimates). To be able to

related work.

cater to 40 million tons of animal feed (barring dairy feed

I strongly feel that there should be a science-based

not taken for soy calculations), the Asia subcontinent will

approach or justifications taken before commenting on any

need 9.43 million tons of soy meal @ 18% inclusions and

GM related issues. If one were to look deep into

10.48 million tons @ 20% inclusion. By terming the region

dependence of India on products with GM connection, then we may have to say “No� to many things in India. Milk with a touch of GM cotton seed in India is all over the country and I don't think India can do without milk and milk products. Vietnam grows fish on imported soy meal, and all

as Asia subcontinent we mean India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal and Sri Lanka. To produce this quantity of meal exclusively for animal feeds, the region will need about 13 million tons of whole soybeans.

other feed stuffs that have GM connections and most

Here is a small opportunity analysis - An extra serving of

Indian hotels use Vietnam produced fish.

100 g chicken consumed in India translates to 400,000 MT

What future challenges do you see in Indian feed

of feed that relies on 100,785 MT of soy meal. Similarly one

industry? What would the feed industry look like by

extra egg eaten each year will need 202,000 MT of feed to

2020?

produce that quantity of eggs and will use up 20,252 MT of

India appears in the list of top 5 feed producers in the world

soy meal. I am sure the consumption in India will be more

according to Alltech's Feed Survey report 2015, producing

than 100 g chicken and one egg per person per year.

Subscription Form

Order Information

Monthly Magazine for Feed & Feed Technology One Year

National International

Three Year

Five Year

Post

INR 800

INR 2200

INR 3500

Courier

INR 1500

INR 4000

INR 6100

USD 300

USD 900

USD 1500

We want to subscribe the magazine for

Year (s)

We are enclosing a Cheque/DD No.

for INR/USD

in favour of

Name & Desig.

Mob

Company Name Address

Company Stamp & Signature

City E-mail

Pin

State Web

Company Bank Details : Account Holder : BENISON MEDIA | A/C No. 50200007886577 | Bank Name: HDFC Bank, Main Branch, Kunjpura Road, Karnal-132001, Haryana | IFSC Code: HDFC0000195 | Swift Code: HDFCINBB

Postal Address: BENISON MEDIA, SCO 27, IInd Floor, Karnal - 132001 (Haryana) India

www.benisonmedia.com

BENISON MEDIA payable at Karnal. Our information is as below :

Phone: +91 184 4036770 | +91 86074 63355 | info@benisonmedia.com | www.benisonmedia.com

23

R&D

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 9 | July 2015

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

Green tea feed additives could aid poultry production

24

addition to human consumption, lowergrade green tea and green tea byproducts have been used as feed using green tea as a feed additive, a Broiler production is one of the most additive in animal feed all over world. It new study in Bangladesh has shown. important and promising industrial contains more than 200 bioactive The study revealed that 0.25 per cent of sectors in Bangladesh. The use of antibiotics is almost common in broiler components such as flavonoids green tea (250 grams in every 100 production, although there is no law or (powerful antioxidants), amino acids, kilograms of feed) as feed additive xanthine alkaloids, vitamin and regulation affecting their use in could bring better results than the use Bangladesh, hence the mission to find a minerals, which are safe for humans. of antibiotics in poultry production, Extensive use of green tea as alternative new source for the benefits that are reported UNB. feed additive in poultry production can brought by antibiotics.

As well as using antibiotics for treating The experiment was carried out recently make antibiotics free meat and eggs, ailments in farm animals, farmers in which will be safe food for humans and some countries use the drugs routinely at BAU Poultry Farm in Mymensingh. A can play an important role for the during rearing, to improve growth and total of 280 day-old broiler chicks were improvement of national health status reared for 35 days in five dietary feed efficiency. Using antibiotics in and the country's socioeconomic treatment groups, which included a animal feed has become increasingly condition. control (basal diet), a diet containing controversial, as scientists worry about The use of green tea in poultry antibiotics, and three diets containing causing the proliferation of antibioticproduction may be a little costlier than different levels of green tea powder resistant bacteria dangerous to human antibiotic use, but there would be more (0.25, 0.5 and 1 per cent). health. body weight gain of broilers fed green According to the scientist, the results Dr Md Elias Hossain, an associate suggest that green tea at a level of 0.25 tea. professor of the Department of Poultry per cent may be used as potential feed Hence, farmers may make a balance in Science at Bangladesh Agricultural production cost and nowadays additives in broiler diet.

University (BAU), conducted the consumers hardly think about price but Using green tea as feed additive is a experimental study entitled, surely look for safe food. new phenomenon in Bangladesh. In 'Supplementation of green tea in Source: 5m Publication July 2015: Antibiotic-free poultry

broiler diet for the production of

production could be made easier by

antibiotic free broiler meat'.

PELLETPEDIA

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 9 | July 2015

Pellet length suitable for compound feeds in South Asia mm to 5 and 7 mm can significantly improve PDI and pellet hardness.

Although improvements were observed in both 5 and 7 mm pellets, a marked increase was associated with increasing the pellet length from 3 to 5 mm, which improved PDI and pellet hardness by 72.5 and 127.5% respectively. Corresponding improvements, when the pellet length was increased from 5 to 7 mm, were much lower (4.9 and 36.3%, respectively). These findings are also compatible with our findings at Delst Global with different clients which confirm that altering the pellet length from 3 to 6 mm, irrespective of diet composition and pellet diameter, increase in feed intake and the reduction have already reported a strong linear increased the PDI and pellet hardness. in energy spent on feed ingestion. Thus, relationship between pellet length and Although, increasing pellet length improves PDI and pellet hardness yet pelleting improves the productive energy durability, regardless of grain type and die hole diameter, increasing the pellet before going for any such change, age of content of the feed. There are reports length improve pellet integrity. the birds must be considered as young which confirm that pelleting contributes Therefore, pellet length, though not broilers (714 d of age) show a preference to 187 kcal of ME/kg of diet at 100% usually considered, can have a significant for shorter pellets (3 mm) compared with pellets (no fines) and this value effect on pellet quality. longer pellets (5 mm). decreases with the increase in Birds select feed particles in accordance proportions of fines to pellets, but still As discussed previously, there is a linear contributing 76 kcal of ME/kg of feed at with the size of their beak and oral cavity, relationship between pellet length and which increase with the age. The 20% pellets. Other reported a durability of the pellet. Increasing the preferred feed particle size increases, as contribution of 151 kcal of ME/kg of diet pellet length (PL) decreases the formation the birds grow older. This can provide an from pellets compared with mash diets. of fines simply by reducing the number of opportunity to improve growth response Few other reports also showed that sensitive breaks per mass of pellet. As a if the most favorable pellet size for broiler fed with pellets had lower heat result of increased pellet hardness in different age periods of the birds is increment and used more of the feed longer pellets, resistance to pellet identified. Though it is evident that energy for productive purpose than breakdown due to pressure in bulk bins broilers show better growth response those fed with mash. Based on these when offered pelleted diets as opposed to will also increase. Increasing the pellet observations and findings, it is very length might be viewed as a possible mash diets, research is limited on the reasonable to consider any feeding manipulation to improve pellet quality; a appropriate pellet size, especially pellet strategy that may decrease the time and length, required by broilers. strategy which can be more favorable in energy spent on ingestion that will result Table - Influence of pellet length (PL) situations like Indian subcontinent where on pellet durability index1 (PDI) and pellets undergo significant pneumatic and in higher productive energy and, thus, 2 pellet hardness of diets: better growth response from birds. mechanical handling stresses from the PL (mm) PDI (%) Pellet Therefore, increasing the pellet size, as time they are manufactured to the time hardness (N) c c the birds grow older may offer an they reach the feeders. As suggested 3 48.3 13.8 b b opportunity to reduce the bird's energy before, I would like to reiterate here once 5 83.3 31.4 expenditure for feed consumption and again that, in pelleted diets, the 7 87.4a 42.8 a (Courtesy: The J of App Poul Res, 2013) to improve FE. percentage of intact pellets at the feeder Taking the reference from above tabulated should be considered as the final pellet The most sensitive part of a pellet is the findings published in The Journal of surface of the break resulting from quality and not the percentage of intact Applied Poultry Research, 2013, it is found cutting the pelleted feed into cylindrical pellets at the feed mill. that increasing pellet length (PL) from 3 pieces. The number of these sensitive breaks depends on the pellet length, with short pellets yielding a higher number per mass than longer pellets, which results a greater possibility of abrasion and fines. Many researchers

PelletPedia is a monthly column contributed by Dr. Naveen Kumar to discuss the problems of feed industry.

Please share your views and problems at editor@benisonmedia.com

www.benisonmedia.com

Pelleting has the ability to improve feed efficiency (FE) and growth response of broilers, but it does not increase ME per unit of feed. The positive effect of pelleting on FE is due partly to a marked

25

FEATURE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 9 | July 2015

South-South trade to meet growing feed demands of Southeast Asia A lack of additional free and available farmland restricts the opportunity for domestic producers to fulfill this growing demand in the future. As Indonesia's consumers continue to move towards higher protein diets, this trend and the resulting demand for feed commodities do not look likely to abate any time soon.

Pawan Kumar, director, food and agribusiness research and advisory for Rabobank, said, “Soymeal is a vital feed commodity for the animal protein industry. The reducing role of India in soymeal trade and higher prices for Indian soymeal are already impacting trade flows globally, increasing Southeast Asia's reliance on Latin America, and accelerating the growth of the south-south corridor faster.”

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

S

26

outheast Asia's demand for soymeal is expected to grow by 68 percent by 2020, which is largely led by demand from Indonesia, according to report released by Rabobank. Indonesia's soymeal consumption nearly doubled between 2007/08 and 2013/14 from 2.37 to close to 4 million tons, according to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).

A report released recently by Rabobank titled Losing Steam predicts that as Southeast Asia's demand for soymeal increases, soymeal exports from India are expected to become negligible within five years. Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries will become more reliant on Latin America to meet their growing need for soymeal.

India has traditionally been the largest supplier of soymeal to Southeast Asia, providing 36 percent of imports in 2008. However, as its own domestic demand has increased (driven by animal protein and dairy industries) and production has been constrained, Rabobank predicts that at the current

rate of decline exports will dry out by 2020.

Indonesia's reliance on the south-south trade routes, as the country turns to Latin America for vital feed supplies to support its own growing need for soymeal. As Indonesia's poultry, livestock and aquaculture industries thrive on the back of rising consumer demand for these products, demand for feed commodities has also seen rapid growth. From 2008 to 2014, Indonesian feed consumption saw a compound annual growth rate of 10.44 per cent, according to the Indonesian Feedmill Association.

“In particular, imports from Argentina and Brazil will further increase, giving bargaining power to suppliers in these countries in the absence of any other sustainable alternatives. This important balance shift will prompt players in Southeast Asia to seek strategic options to secure supplies,” he said.

A Rabobank report released in January titled Food Security between South America and Asia cited a moderate view that production of soybeans in South America could increase by 30 per cent in the coming decade, creating an extra 20 million tons for export. The report also highlighted that currently poor infrastructure and logistics are major barriers to this growth the cost In the past decade, Southeast of transporting grains from farm to port Asia's soymeal imports have in Brazil is currently the most expensive doubled from 6 million tons in in the world, five times higher than the 2003/04 to 13.7 million tons in US. Strengthening south-south trade is 2013/14, and at the current growth one of Rabobank's 10 big ideas globally rate could reach 23 million tons by for boosting food availability, and with changing trade flows pushing Indonesia 2019/20. Indonesia is the largest and the region in this direction as it contributing country in the region to experiences growth, we expect more these volumes, purchasing 4 million local businesses looking south to tons of soymeal in 2013/14, ahead of ensure sustainable growth.

Vietnam and Thailand which imported 3.3 and 2.7 million tons respectively.

Source: thejakartapost

INDUSTRY NEWS

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 9 | July 2015

Oilseed Production remain stagnant-Solvent Extractors' Association of India June 2015: Solvent extractors in the country have complained that they are not getting enough raw material for processing and therefore the capacity utilisation of the units has gone down to 30-35%. With the oilseed production remaining stagnant at 27-28 million tonne, the challenge before the industry is how to meet increasing demand from the domestic market in addition to meeting the export demands, industry observers say.

The Solvent Extractors' Association of

and the local feed industry in the country could get this at reasonable prices. At present, the import duty on oilcakes is to the tune of 15%. India imports around 11 million tonne of edible oil. The industry has been in a bad shape this year, say observers.

There has been huge production of soyabean in the international markets such as Argentina, Brazil and the US and therefore meal prices have gone down heavily, Mehta said. As against an FOB price of $600 per tonne in India,

India (SEAI) has approached the Centre

the soyameal prices internationally are

to permit the import of all oilcakes and

$ 450, as a result exports have dropped

rice bran at nil duty to increase overall

down from 30 lakh tonne last year to 6-

availability of feeds for cattle and

7 lakh tonne at present. The soyabean

poultry. According to BV Mehta,

industry in the country has remained

executive director, SEAI, if the import of

stagnant because the bean prices are

edible oilcake is permitted at nil duty,

high and crushing has not been

extractors could get raw material for

supported since the extractors stand to

processing which could be consumed

lose around R1,000 per tonne as this

locally and the end product for the feed imported oil is cheaper, he pointed out. industry will also be available for export Moreover, Iran has now begun

importing directly from Argentina and Brazil, thus making India lose an important market. Vietnam has established a couple of 5,000 tonne processing units and has begun locally crushing oilseeds. Japan, another important market for India, has moved to GMO and reduced imports from India, officials pointed out. The country has around 9 million tonne of soyabean. Pravin Lunkad, president, SEAI, says if import is allowed at nil duty, the country can process for neighbouring markets as well as local use. Import of vegetable oils during May 2015 witnessed a record tonnage of 1,371,662 tons since import started in 1994 compared to 1,033,550 tons in May 2014, consisting of 1,358,688 tons of edible oils and 12,974 tons of nonedible oils i.e. up by 33%. High prices of soyabean and lesser realization for oil and soyabean meal in export market resulted in lower crushing and lesser oil availability in domestic market.

Source: Financial Express

Prices of farm commodities to drop gradually July 2015: Production exceeding demand would gradually decline the prices of farm commodities over the next 10 years, according to a recent report by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

levels above those in the early-2000s," FAO-OECD said in a statement.

However, the prices would not fall below the rates that prevailed in early2000, said the report Agricultural Outlook 2015-2024 released in Paris recently. Lower oil prices would also contribute to lower food prices as energy and fertilisers cost would come down, it noted.

agriculture is calmer than it has been in recent years, but there is no room for complacency. We cannot rule out the the back of higher productivity and risk of new price spikes in the coming lower input prices, the report said.

Global wheat production is projected to years.�

FAO Director-General Jose Graziano da increase to 786.7 million tonnes by Silva said the least-developed countries 2024 from the average output of 700 million tonnes in "remain

"Strong crop yields, higher productivity and slower growth in global demand should contribute to a gradual decline in real prices for agricultural products over the coming decade, but nonetheless, prices will likely remain at

The growth in production would be on

from 425.2 million tonnes, it added.

While the share of global production and consumption will be stable in next 10 years, agri-trade will increase more slowly than in the previous decade, the report noted.

Presenting the report, OECD Secretary General Angel Gurria said: "The outlook for global

2014, while rice output is estimated to increase to 564.1 million tonnes from 494 million tonnes in the period under the review, it said. Oilseed output would increase to 516.4 million tonnes

significantly behind advanced economies; this is cause for concern, as it means hunger in these countries could persist."

Source : Business Standard

POST-EVENT

CLFMA of India suggests West Bengal to adopt new technologies of fish farming

Speakers and Delegates at Embracing Aqua Culture Development Seminar in Kolkata

still followed archaic methods of farming and depended on other regions for supply, an official said, Andhra Pradesh adopted the new techniques back in 2008. “Bengal is yet to adopt the new technology for aquaculture development. The industry here needs to invest in technology and Pushing for aqualculture development “We have to generate awareness cater to supply for consumption,” a in West Bengal, the umbrella assocation among fish farmers so that they stop of livestock industry in the country, injecting antibiotics. The industry is also member said. State Fisheries Development Corporation MD wants farmers in the state to stop the in touch with the state to launch a Soumyajit Das said, “we have the new dangerous trend of administering campaigh, urging local fish farmers to antibiotics in fish for artificial growth, use new technologies that will increase feed accreditation policy. We have introduced scientific fish feed worth Rs which leads to antibiotics resistance production and benefit stakeholder,” 20 crore.” To attract investors, the state among consumers. This also reportedly said Amit Saraogi, CLFMA chairman. will offer incentives, subsidies and leads to high lead and mercury Though West Bengal led the country in grants to entrepreneurs. It also plans to contents in fish. fish production and ranks first in both lease water bodies on a PPP mode. capture and culture fisheries, the state The livestock industry is aparently

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

INDUSTRY NEWS

June 2015: The Compound Feed Manufacturers Association (CLFMA) of India and the US Soybean Export Council (USSEC) conducted an aquaculture workshop-Embracing Technology for Aquaculture Development on 27th June in Kolkata.

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 9 | July 2015

28

unaware of the practice that is rampant at the local level of fish farming, said a member of the association CLFMA of India, which wants West Bengal to adopt new scientific technologies of fish farming instead of the current archaic methods.

Karnataka to bring its APMC markets on one e-platform July 2015: Karnataka, one of the first states to initiate reforms in agricultural marketing, will link all the 155 Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) mandis under single online platform in the next two years.

exchange, which has been handling the integration of mandis through single online platform. Rajan said the Karnataka government has created online unified market where registered traders from inside and outside state will be able to participate in the auction process of Currently, 155 APMC mandis in the state agricultural commodities, thus leading to operate under unified online market, better price discovery by the farmers. where traders across the state and “Through single registration traders are outside use online platform for buying allowed to participate in auctions of 92 agricultural commodities from the farmers. “We will link atleast 100 APMCs various agricultural commodities being sold at various mandis across the state to the common online market place by and the farmers have the choice to sell in the end of this year and rest of APMCs will be integrated to platform by the end any regulated or private market in the state and receive timely online payment,” of next fiscal, “ Manoj Rajan, managing he said. He also said that states such as director & CEO, Rashtriya e Market Odisha, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan are Services Private Limited (ReMS). currently studying the Karnataka model ReMS is the special purpose vehicle of online unified market place. Besides created by Karnataka government and providing a single licence system, NCDEX spot

increased competition, easy and fast trading, better price discovery mechanism, the platform developed by ReMS provides value-added services including assaying and grading.

For meeting the expenses required for online platform, ReMS charges 0.2% of the gross sale amount from the buyers and sellers.

Learning from the Karnataka model, the agriculture ministry has decided to launch a National Agriculture Market (NAM) which would integrate all the 585 APMCs across the country through an online platform. Within next three years, all APMCs would be integrated under one platform. The proposal to set up NAM was recently approved by the cabinet.

Source : Financial Express

2015

CALENDAR OF EVENTS

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 1 | Issue 9 | July 2015

JULY

SEPTEMBER

Soy Partnership Summit Date: 23-24 July 2015 Venue: Indore, India Email: vanand@ct.ussec.org

Poultry Feed Quality Conference Date: 3-4 September 2015 Venue: Bangkok, Thailand Email: events@asian-agribiz.com

Indo Livestock Expo & Forum 2015 Date: 29-31 July 2015 Venue: Grand City, Convex Surabaya, Indonesia Email: info@indolivestock.com

CLFMA Symposium 2015 Date: 10-11 September 2015 Venue: Jaipur, India Email: edclfma@gmail.com

AUGUST Global Rice Bran Oil Conference 2015 Date: 7-8 August 2015 Venue: Trident Hotel, Nariman Point, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Email: solvent@mtnl.net.in

3rd Global Milling Conference Date: 19-20 August 2015 Venue: Hyderabad, Telangana, India Email: knitin@assocom-india.com

5th International Grain Conference Date: 19-20 August 2015 Venue: Hyderabad, Telangana, India Email: knitin@assocom-india.com

Livestock Asia 2015 Date: 21-23 September 2015 Venue: Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre, Malaysia Email: duangcheewan.j@ubm.com

SPACE 2015 Date: 15-18 September 2015 Venue: RENNES Fairgrounds, FRANCE Email: info@space.fr

Globoil India 2015 Date: 28-30 September 2015 Venue: Renaissance Mumbai Convention Centre Hotel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Email: events@teflas.com

OCTOBER

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

Grain Tech India 2015 Date: 21-23 August 2015 Venue: Bangalore International Exhibition Centre, Bangalore, India Email: graintechindia@gmail.com

30

20th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition Date: 24–27 August 2015 Venue: Prague, Czech Republic Email: espn2015@guarant.cz

ILDEX Indonesia 2015 Date: 08-10 October 2015 Venue: Jiexpo, Jakarta, Indonesia Email: panadda@vnuexhibitionsap.com

AQUACULTURE EUROPE 2015 Date: 20-23 October 2015 Venue: Rotterdam, NETHERLANDS Email: info@info.ntnu.no

NOVEMBER Poultry India 2015 Date: 25-27 November 2015 Venue: Hitex, Hyderabad, India Email: info@poultryindia.co.in

To list any industry event related to Grain & Feed industry please write us at editor@benisonmedia.com