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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
Z
ebu (desi) cattle are known to have a better ability to withstand environmental heat stress and
possess better disease resistance, compared to foreign breeds. Lately, it has been demonstrated that their milk also contains A2 protein, which is beneficial from human
Publisher & Editor Prachi Arora prachi.a@benisonmedia.com
health point of view. Now, the Central Govt. has come out with a proposal to set up exclusive dairy plants to process the milk from “Desi“cows in Odisha, Karnataka and then to be followed in Haryana. This was announced by Union Agriculture Minister, Sh.
Managing Editor
Radha Mohan Singh, while addressing a National Seminar, held at
Dr. T.K. Walli Former Head, Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI
New Delhi recently. It was further revealed that under MGNREGA, ministry is working on a plan to ensure that the grazing lands for cows are protected and better utilized for fodder production under National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme. During the last two
Business Head
years govt., has allocated a sum of Rs. 582 crores for the National
Vinod Kumar Saini info@benisonmedia.com
Gokul Mission for cow wealth conservation, breed improvement, increased productivity in terms of milk yield and better health care of desi cows. If Brazil and Australia could improve the zebu cattle
Designing & Marketing
(Brahmin breed) which they imported from India long back, to such
Ashwani Verma info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
a high level so as to compete with recognized western breeds, then India too can do it.
Circulation & Subscription Head Pawan Kumar info@benisonmedia.com
The present status of Dairy Industry in India and the various approaches we need to follow to meet the future challenges, whether in increasing milk production (especially from desi cows), producing quality milk and in the area of milk processing, have
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Dr. Dinesh T. Bhosale Former Chairman, CLFMA of India Mr. Amit Sachdev Indian Representative, US Grain Council Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand US Soybean Export Council Dr. Suhas Amrutkar Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition, MAFSU, Parbhani Dr. SN Mohanty Former Principal Scientist, CIFA Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta Agricultural Economist Dr. Swamy Haladi Feed Additive Expert Dr. R Gnana Sekar Lead Consultant, GS Dairy Farm Consulting Dr. Suraj Amrutkar Assistant Professor, Dept. of ILFC, SKUAST-J, Jammu
been very neatly and brilliantly brought out by Dr. A.K. Srivastava, Director, NDRI Karnal (also V.C. of the NDRI Deemed University) in this very issue. Being one of the monoliths and the foremost dairy experts in the country, he has very thoughtfully delineated the steps to be taken to achieve our target of producing 210 MT by 2020-21. Dr. Srivastava is absolutely right in saying that we have both, the technologies as well as the trained man power to do that. All we need is to make sincere efforts to achieve our goal. This issue also includes a useful write up on the use of SMS by landless livestock farmers in the semi arid regions of Kenya, for the faster delivery of green fodder produced by large farmers. These large farmers have adopted the newer technology of Hydroponics for the indoor fodder production under controlled conditions, which is a useful technology in water scarcity areas. It is time that the agencies involved in fodder production in India popularize the technology of Hydroponics and take queue from Kenyan experience of providing green fodder at the doorstep of the poor landless livestock farmers through mobile phone service.
T.K. Walli www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in www.benisonmedia.com
Monthly Magazine for Feed & Feed Technology
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
Vollume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015
Contents RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
05 Animal feed from Cassava peel MARKET PROJECTIONS 06 Maize Prices in India crossed industry expectations INDUSTRY THOUGHTS
08 Feeding aspects and other challenges faced by the Indian Dairy Industry INNOVATIONS
12 M-fodder–ICT based fodder innovation in Kenya
ARTICLE 14 Growing importance of Canola meal for Indian Industry
18 Spine Less Cactus as Fodder for Livestock 24
Influence of feed and nutrients on Coccidiosis infection
INTERVIEW
20 Reducing reliance on traditional ingredients INDUSTRY EVENTS 28 2016 World Mycotoxin Forum focused on impacts of Climate change on mycotoxin contamination
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Printed by: Jaiswal Printing Press | Published by: Prachi Arora | On behalf of: BENISON Media | Printed at: Chaura Bazar, Karnal-132001, Haryana | Published at: SCO-27, IInd Floor, Mugal Canal Market, Karnal-132001, Haryana | Editor: Prachi Arora Think Grain Think Feed is a monthly magazine published by BENISON Media at its office in Karnal. Editorial policy is independent. Views expressed by authors are not necessarily those held by the editors. The data/information provided in the magazine is sourced through various sources and the publisher considers its sources reliable and verifies as much data as possible. However, the publisher accepts no liability for the material herein and consequently readers using this information do so at their own risk. Although persons and companies mentioned herein are believed to be reputable, neither BENISON Media, nor any of its employees or contributors accept any responsibility whatsoever for such persons’ and companies’ activities. All legal matters are subjected to Karnal Jurisdiction. Disclaimer : The published material and images are sourced from various websites and newspapers, and used for information purpose only, if you have any issue, please inform us at info@benisonmedia.com. BENISON Media or Think Grain Think Feed is not liable for any claim prior to written information.
R&D
Image source: ilri
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
Animal feed from Cassava peel With 60% of the world's arable land,
cassava peel (HQCP) mash from three tonnes of wet
Africa has the potential to not only feed peels. itself, but also to become a major food exporter. This enormous potential was demonstrated in an innovation by CGIAR scientists during Global Forum for Innovations in Agriculture (GFIA)—processing cassava peels into animal feed.
Animal scientist at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Anandan Samireddypalle—based in Ibadan, Nigeria—explained the simple process. He explained how 98% of Nigeria's cassava peels annually are wasted due to constraints associated with drying and concerns about safety of use, particularly hydrocyanide- and mycotoxins-related food poisoning.
Processing high quality cassava peels
Drying peels outside, practically impossible during the
into animal feed could reduce human-
rainy season, takes two-three days otherwise.
livestock competition for food-feed
Consequently, peels are left to rot in heaps or set on
grains and help develop alternative and fire—both polluting the nearby air, soil and livestock production in Africa.
groundwater and wasting a potential feed resource. With the right investment in scaling up, Africa's
With the right investment in scaling up,
estimated 50 million tonnes of cassava peel waste per
Africa's estimated 50 million tonnes of
year could generate at least 15 million tonnes of HQCP,
cassava peel waste per year could
substantially addressing shortfalls in the supply of
generate at least 15 million tonnes of
animal feed and eventually creating a USD2 billion a
cassava mash.
year industry on the continent. Of course, safe and
Innovative agricultural solution aimed to create agribusinesses and contribute to wider economic prosperity. Unlocking this potential will require that Africa's agriculture leapfrog traditional development challenges and leverage sustainable and inclusive agriculture as a driver for economic prosperity and global trade.
hygienic processing standards will need to be promoted among processors and users to allay safety, storability and other concerns. CGIAR scientists believe related research and development activities could facilitate about 20% of the sector's potential transformation, so that further scaling could rely on private, and not donor, funding. The innovation was developed by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and International Potato Center (CIP), with the support of
CGIAR scientists developed a low-tech
CGIAR Research Programs on Root Tubers and Bananas
way of transforming wet cassava peels
(RTB), Integrated Systems for the Humid Tropics and into high quality, safe and hygienic feed Livestock and Fish, as well as the Global Cassava ingredients within eight hours, Partnership for the 21st Century (GCP21). producing one tonne of high quality
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sustainable feed sources to boost
Source: ILRI
05
Image source: flickr
MARKET PROJECTIONS
Maize Prices in India crossed industry expectations The maize planting in the US is almost
$232. Aug FOB (US Gulf) was down to $204/MT and
done and more than 72% of the corn
PNW at $226/MT. Delivered price to Vietnam and China
has emerged. The weather looks good
were up for immediate delivery and were indicated at
and with no threats at present, looks
$270/Mt and $250/Mt respectively. For Aug 2016
like US corn crop is having a good
delivery the prices were indicated lower at $253/MT and
start. 31st was the last day of the trade
$245/Mt respectively.
for the month of May and the July contract was down considerably, closing at $4.0475/bushel ($159.34/MT), but the prices were back with the bang the next day, the first day of the new month closing at $4.1375/bushel ($162.88/MT). By end of the first week of June, the prices were up at $164.64/MT, closing 1.36% higher than last week's close, after the dip in the middle of the week. Sept contract was also up by 1.30% to $165.19/MT, Dec up 1.50% to $165.19/MT. The exports sales have been very good from US and with Brazil prices high due to losses there, it is keeping the US
www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
prices high. FOB prices for US corn at
06
US Gulf were indicated at $183-186/MT for Jun-Aug period and high at $193/Mt for Sep. FOB prices at PNW were indicated at $194-196/Mt for the period July-Sep. The plant protein prices also continued
India maize price on spot basis continue to move up, breaching the Rs.17000/Mt mark in Sangli and closing on 3rd June at Rs.17300/MT, up 2.98% against last week; Prices in Bihar at Gulabbagh were also up 1.03% to Rs.13250/MT. Nizamabad up 1.37% to Rs.15605/MT; Davangere up 2.82% to Rs.16400/MT and Karim Nagar up 1.66% to Rs.16037/MT. This week also saw GOI announcing the new MSP for various Khariff crops. While Pulses got the maximum increase ranging from 7.73% to 9.18%, maize got an increase of 3.01% to Rs.13650/MT. With the coarse cereals even Sorghum MSP has been increased by 3.5% to Rs.16250/MT; Pearl Millet 4.31% to Rs.13300/Mt and Ragi 4.54% to Rs.17250/MT (these are the coarse cereals are better suited for dry conditions and do not require much water). The new prices will be valid from Oct 1, 2016 and only time will tell about the shift to other crops. Some reports do point towards a shift to pulses against Soybeans in Madhya Pradesh; Oilseeds and Pulses in place of cotton in Punjab, but it is little early to predict what the farmers decide to plant in major corn belts of India, including Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Rajasthan, parts of Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh.
to increase, following rains in Argentina, With monsoon predicted at 106% of LPA, it seems to be which could lead to damage and slow down the harvest of Soybeans. As the demand plant protein was strong, there was no change in the FOB prices at (US Gulf) prices were at $214 and PNW at
a good start for now. Future prices were mixed and June contract on NCDEX down 0.36% to Rs.13800/MT; July down 0.42% to Rs.14180/MT; Aug slightly up at Rs.14560/MT; Sept 0.54% to Rs.14940/MT.
INDUSTRY THOUGHTS
Image source: theguardian
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
Feeding aspects and other challenges faced by the Indian Dairy Industry
www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
Dr. A.K. Srivastava, Director NDRI, Karnal
08
The socio-economic conditions in India
camel. The major constraints facing development of the
render the Indian Dairy Industry in
dairy sector are the low productivity and very large
sharp contrast to the industrially
numbers of animals across all species. The multitudes of
advanced nations. The demand for
non-descript cattle that produce 1-2 litres of milk is the
milk and milk products is estimated at
mainstay of the dairy industry. Proper breeding policies,
about 210 MT by 2020-21. The dairy
management strategies and feeding practices would be
industry has to overcome several
necessary to upgrade the productivity of these animals.
roadblocks before this challenge is met.
Efforts to bring about any tangible change in the
The constraints that the industry faces
production systems would involve increasing the
begin at the animal rearing and
average animal holdings to an middle level of 5 to 10
management stage, which has a
milch animals (from the current 1-2) by providing credit,
cascading effect on milk production
technological support in terms of breeding, feeding and
and thereafter, milk processing and
management inputs and market access.
value addition.
The indigenous cattle are well adapted to the tropical
Milk produced in India comes from
climate, owing to their inherent superior resistance
buffalos, cows as well as a very small
towards heat and tropical diseases. However, the
proportion from small ruminants and
numbers of elite local breeds are depleting, due to over-
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
impaired attempts for genetic improvement of the national milch herd. Embryo transfer technology, sexing of semen, cloning, developing markers for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis and pregnancy, and electronic nose for oestrus detection through genomics, proteomics, biotechnology and genetic engineering are some of the research and technology interventions that would help to generate a “National Milk Herd” of animal with improved performance. Buffaloes being the highest contributors to the milk bowl of the country, their breed improvement and management should not be ignored. Genetic improvement and conservation of high milk producing buffalo breeds through selective breeding in their home tracts is very essential to increase their milk production. Upgrading of non-descript buffaloes with the improved and superior breeds is another potentially important step. The milk of small ruminants is now gaining prominence, as it is being proved that their milk has rare therapeutic and health-enhancing attributes. These qualities, if exploited, can lead to the dairy industry being the leading supplier of naturally derived milk biomolecules as ingredients for the pharmaceutical enthusiastic cross breeding
industry.
programmes and lack of adequate
Among the management practices, animal nutrition,
management and care. Cross breeding
especially balanced
feeding plays the major
has definitely contributed to improved
role in improving the livestock health,
animal productivity and increased milk
reproductive efficiency and milk
production in the country. But poor
production.
heat tolerance and more susceptibility to disease and pest infection to the cross bred cattle have proved to be a problem, leading to higher investments in their feeding and management. It is now being felt that while cross-
Since ages, the dairy animals in India
have sustained on by-products of agriculture and allied food crops such as residues from crops, oilseed processing, fruit juice and distilleries. As there is no scope for increasing the land coverage under fodder cultivation, alternative
sources of feeds and
breeding is here to stay, in order to
unconventional methods to cultivate
maintain the milk production levels and
fodder need to be explored. Novel
meet the demand for milk, the
technologies, such as “hydroponics” promises to solve
germplasm of high yielding
the problem of fodder inadequacy in water scarcity
indigenous animals should be conserved. The breeding policies should be such that crossing of elite indigenous breeds with exotic germplasm should be discontinued. The non-descript Indian breeds should be continuously improved using semen of elite Indian breeds. Lack of good quality semen and very good coverage of artificial insemination in unorganized sector, has seriously
areas. This technology does not need soil to grow fodder, and that, in turn, also solves the problem of residues, which are otherwise transferred to livestock products and are hazardous for human consumption. Unfortunately, the growth of feed industry has not been in tune with the demands of livestock industry. The problem is not only the shortage of feed ingredients, but also the poor management of feed resources. Since feed serves as the raw material for the production of milk, meat, fish and poultry, feed
industry must
gear up to meet the challenge of feed
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of local cattle with elite exotic breeds
09
INDUSTRY THOUGHTS requirement for reaching the target for milk and other livestock products.
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
and reliable methods to detect them in the least possible time will discourage vendors and middlemen from adding contaminants to milk. Modernisation of the domestic supply chain is very
Of the total milk produced in India,
essential to tackle quality-related problems. Infra-
64% is in trade, of which only 27% is
structural facilities ranging from chilling facilities at
processed through the organised
village level to adequate and accurate testing facilities
sector. Channelizing the milk from the
with trained manpower for routine testing and
unorganised sector to the organised is
maintenance of cold chains, need to be created. Testing
the major challenge that faces the
of contaminants and harmful substances as covered processing industry. The poor quality of under the clauses of SPS and TBT of the WTO will milk that arrives at the processing dock, require establishment of state-of-the-art testing and coupled with the large scale of
analytical laboratories. It would be absolutely essential adulteration is another hurdle. Measure to implement good hygienic practices at primary milk to be adopted to mitigate this at the production levels and translate these as good grassroots level would include
manufacturing practices (GMP) at plant level in order to
education of farmers on the harmful meet the quality challenges. Once these problems are effects of spurious additives, health and overcome, there is no dearth of product technologies hygiene of animals, precautions to be available in the country, which brings the processing exercised in the use of veterinary drugs
industry to the forefront to compete with any major
and other medicines and the adverse
dairying nation of the world. India can emerge as a
effects of high levels of antibiotics and
reliable quality dairy supplier in the international
their residues in milk. Adequate
market. There is need to inculcate in sense of
initiatives to encourage farmers to
responsiveness in all stakeholders, and a firm
produce fodder and feed free from
determination to improve the attitude and approach
pesticides, aflatoxins and heavy metals
towards the “business of dairying” in order to address
will have to be taken. Qualitative and
the challenges being faced by the Indian dairy
quantitative assessment of adulterants
industry.
Weather and lower prices to hit soya output With the drought-like situation in the state and the monsoon uncertainty, many cultivating soybean till now plan to switch to other crops.
to remain 3.4 million tonnes. According to the Soybean Processors Association of India (Sopa), this year, output of the bean this kharif is expected to be 6.9 million tonnes, instead of the earlier
Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh
estimate of 7.4 million tonnes. Lesser production would
account for about 80 per cent of the
mean more import of edible oil and less of soymeal export.
10
affecting the production. Second, productivity has gone down,” said D N Pathak, executive director, Sopa. "In Image source: agnr.osu
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“There has been inter-cropping in Maharashtra,
several cases, farmers have not gone to harvest because the cost of harvesting is much higher." The trade thinks farmers are set to reduce the area for soybean cultivation by up to 10 per cent this year, in response to falling prices. Soybean is the main summerall-India output. This year,
sown oilseed crop for the world's biggest importer of
Maharashtra's output is expected to be
edible oil but prices have dropped 10 per cent in the
2.2 million tonnes, a fall of 17 per cent.
past two years. Prices of some pulses have nearly tripled
In MP's Dewas district, excessive rain
over the same period.
has destroyed swathes of the crop, though the overall output is expected
Source : Business Standard
INNOVATIONS
Image source: hydroponicskenya
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
M-fodder–ICT based fodder innovation in Kenya Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta, Dr. Ankaj Sharma Creative Agri Solutions The smallholder dairy farmers in
fodder from other big farmers, or farmers doing
Kenya have very less land. Though
fodder production for commercial purpose.
they are involved in dairy farming, they cannot spare the land resources to be deployed dedicatedly for fodder production. The land (being arid and semi-arid) is not very
There are a lot of big farmers doing commercial fodder production using modern techniques like hydroponics, which is landless cultivation of quality fodder using water based cultivation. They sell the fodder to the smallholder dairy farmers.
suitable for quality fodder production. So they have to get
M-fodder is one such platform to link the
12
fodder producers. The farmers send a SMS to the Mfodder call centre. The call centre arranges the call to farmer from the fodder producer to get their requirements. Then the tentative delivery date is Image source: pigproductionandmarketing
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smallholder dairy farmers with the commercial
scheduled. M-fodder is an award-winning mobile information system that links smallholder livestock farmers with hydroponic fodder producers using an affordable SMS system. The fodder producers grow the grass in nutrient-rich hydroponic systems. This system of fodder production is faster and cheaper than traditional soil based system.
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 |2Issue 8 |8June 2016 Think Grain Think Feed - Volume | Issue | June 2016
Figure 1: The M fodder model
M-fodder SMS system enables farmers to have access to a reliable source of fodder by sending an SMS
How? 1. Livestock farmer sends SMS order with fodder quantity required and location 2. The farmer waits for a maximum of 3 minutes 3. The hydroponic fodder producer calls back the farmer 4. Fodder is delivered to farmer 7-8 days later
Livestock farmers use their mobile phones to order fodder eight days in advance from the M-fodder call-
Benefits !
Affordable
!
Just in time fodder production and delivery
!
can be used with all types of phones
centre. The call centre then arranges the delivery from the closest hydroponic fodder producer. The system is easy and efficient for smallholder farmers to use. Even the women, youth and children are able to use M-fodder effectively. The costs for the service are minimal. They are charged as low as EUR 0.03 per SMS. Following SMS they get call back from the call-centre within 3 minutes
Stimulates GTF Reduces cortisone hormone (Prevents stress) Improves glucose availability to the organs Improves intake & absorption of minerals Enhances productivity in poultry
to arrange the delivery. The intervention is very user friendly. The farmers with basic cell phone can
involved so the intermediate costs are minimized. This way farmer gets the benefit of good quality fodder on time at a reasonable price. The fodder producers also get the contacts of farmers and get regular business. The fodder producers can plan his batches according to the number of orders for just in time (JIT) delivery of fodder.
www.zeusindia.net
ÂŽ
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use it. There is no middleman
13
ARTICLE
Image source: ibratasbd
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
Growing importance of Canola meal for Indian Industry
www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
Abhijeet Banerjee Religare Commodities
14
Canola, a low-acid cultivar of rapeseed
and cattle feed production. Due to increase in feed
which was developed in Canada, and
costs, nutritionists are looking for alternatives in their
largely considered as Canada's most
feed formulations. A study at the University of Nevada
valuable oilseed, as the total value of
and University of Wisconsin supports canola meal as an
annual exports of canola seed oil and
exceptional protein source and alternative to soybean
meal is more than three billion dollars.
meal.
The Canola Meal obtained after crushing of the canola seed, is used commonly in animal feed due to its
Additionally, increased production of canola in recent years has also led to a greater availability of canola meal as a protein supplement in livestock diets.
protein content of 36-38%. Canada is the world's largest exporter enjoying a
Canola Consumption
mammoth share nearly 50% in the
Biggest consumer or importer of Canadian Canola meal
world canola meal trade.
is the United States, followed by Mexico, Ireland, Taiwan,
Historically, soybean meal has been the
Indonesia, Thailand, China and Vietnam. The United
most common protein source in poultry States is a regular market for more than 60 per cent of
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
and specialty animals (horse, sheep and aquaculture). Studies have revealed that canola meal is worth, on a unit weight basis, 65 to 70 per cent of the value of 44 per cent protein soybean meal for feeding poultry and about 70 to 75 per cent of the value of soybean meal for feeding swine and ruminants. This inference is based on nutrient content alone. In near future, there might be further increase in demand of canola meal. In EU region, due to deficient in protein feed the
!
consumption of rapeseed meal replacing imported soybean meal has grown quite significantly Due to rapid economic development in China and
!
sharp expansion of protein manufacturing plants, consumption of canola meal has improved Rising interest of milk producers also resulted in
!
constant growth of rape meal markets in USA. The meal consumption has also been improving
!
consistently in countries like Iran, Vietnam and Indonesia Looking at the demand scenario, it can be concluded that rapeseed or canola meal usage is most likely to increase manifold, hence average price of oilmeal should remain firm in years to come. This situation might be beneficial for reducing the price gap of other
The situation has turned critical for India, as the country
South Korea, China, Malaysia,
is steadily making a shift in its position from influential
Philippines, Taiwan, Indonesia, Japan,
exporter in Global oilmeals market to net importer.
canola or rapeseed meal, traders and
Oilmeal Market in India 27.49
(in MMT)
21.81
The demand trends for Canadian
21.18
rapeseed futures, in order to hedge their price risks.
21.32
exporters have to use canola and
25.84
to absence of derivate market for
26.08
Lesser availability of oilseeds for crushing and crushing disparity has affected nearly 15,000 oilseed crushing
25.72
Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Due
24.21
Indian rapeseed meal are Bangladesh,
Indian Scenario
26.20
On the other hand the major buyers of
23.87
the canola meal produced in Canada.
oilmeals.
and Asia, but there is constant rise in demand, owing to increasing
1.91
fats, great ratio of omega-6s to omega-
3.62
5.00
4.90
such as canola oil is lowest in saturated
4.40
importance of the health properties
3s, and high in heart-healthy monounsaturated fats. Crushing of canola seed produces approximately 40% canola oil and rest
2010-11
2011-12
Production
2012-13 Consumption
2013-14
2014-15
Export
Sources: Solvent Extractors Association
60% canola meal. The meal is used in
The export market situation is shown in the chart 1. It was only on May 2015 that
the feed ration of cattle, swine, poultry,
China lifted the ban on oilmeal import, giving some relief to the exporters.
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Canola is usually set by North America
15
ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
Table 1: Rape meal price trend in India (Average Prices)
Source: Agriwatch
units to operate only at 20-30 per cent of their capacity of 36 million tonnes of
Table 2: Canola Meal Average Price Trend (CDN$/MT) in Canada
edible oils. As observed by market leaders, higher minimum support prices (MSP) fixed
Source: Canolacouncil.org
by the government and consistently
As observed in the table 1, the price trends of domestic
lower edible oil prices in the
rape meal has been more or less on the upward in last
international market has made it
one year. Firming prices of rapeseed and lower oilmeal
cheaper to import refined oil, and
production in the country has been supporting the
making India out priced by $140-150
market.
per tonne in the global oilmeal market. As observed in table2, average prices of Canadian Two successive years of drought have Canola Meal have been moving upwards except in led to lower output of soybean and
2015.
rapeseed, hence adversely affecting oilmeal market.
The data prepared by the Solvent Extractors'
India's oilmeal export share has fallen
have dropped by slightly more than 90% in January
Association (SEA), explains that India's oilmeal exports also due to stiff competition from
2016 to 17,243 tonnes, which has been the lowest ever
China and Argentina, since it diverted
figure. The country's export share in the world oilmeal
traditional buyers such as Japan, Iran,
market in 2012-13 stood at nearly six per cent and the
Thailand, Indonesia, Taiwan and
share has been reduced to less than two per cent in
Vietnam to avoid purchasing from
2014-15. Considering the growing importance of
India. A ban on oilmeal import by
rapeseed/canola meal in the animal feed rations, the
China (in 2011), and Japan's move
oilseed imports might prove beneficial for the
decision to import genetically
industry. As it would lower the need for edible oil
modified (GM) seed meal has also
imports, and also enhance rape meal supply in the
badly affected the Indian exports.
country to balance the local feed consumption.
www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
Feed raw material imports bring prices of crops downin Thailand
16
Agricultural organizations will ask the
the production of animal feed. Thailand imported as
Prime Minister to consider lowering the
much as 3.4 million tons of wheat and corn gluten feed
imports of wheat and corn gluten feed,
last year and more than one million tons during the first
which have caused their prices to
four months of this year. President of the National
decline.
Farmers Council Prapat Panyachartrak has said that
Both the National Farmers Council and the Crops Grower and Merchandise Association want Prime Minister Gen
these imports have negatively affected the prices of rice, corn and cassava. The two organizations want domestic animal feed
Prayut Chan-o-cha to boost domestic
producers to consider prioritizing the use of
crop prices by keeping the imports of
government rice over imports. They also want to be part
the two raw materials at reasonable
of the government's team, which decides where to
levels.
source these raw materials.
Wheat and corn gluten feed are used in Source: Thai News Service
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
INDUSTRY NEWS
Maize demand on rise in Indonesia Indonesia still needs to import maize as domestic production has not increased while demand for the commodity continues to increase, according to Indonesian Agribusiness Club Secretary Tony Kristiyanto. "Let us review the price of maize at the end of this month. If it does not come down, it means there is no additional domestic production. If there is no stock, it will be impossible for us to not import the commodity," he stated recently. He noted that Indonesia had to import maize since it is used as animal feed. However, seed and fertilizer assistance as well as price incentive worth Rp five thousand per kg have failed to encourage farmers to directly plant maize soon after the harvest. Lack of interest among farmers to plant maize was due to a reduction in agricultural areas as a result of resettlement and industrial expansion. Therefore, he called on the government to increase maize plantations and provide more land for growing the commodity. "The government only thinks of allocating land for rice farms, although it is much easier to clear land for (maize) plantations. Since the land preparation cost for maize plantations is far lower than that for rice farms, so the government should provide more land for plantations like those offered for setting up rice farms," he added. He said so far, there was no policy that regulated maize imports, particularly to meet the animal feed needs. What exists is a law on food, which regulates human consumption and a law on animal husbandry and health, which regulates the animal husbandry business and animal health. "There is no set procedure for maize import for animal
husbandry and health, the government's function is limited to coordination only. Therefore, imports will continue as supply is short," he explained. The major concern for the industry is that maize imports might increase as several animal feed industries switched to wheat as a substitute for maize. The high price of wheat is feared to trigger a hike in the price of animal feeds. The increase in maize imports can reach 25 percent.
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feed. The government could not stop maize imports based on the law on food. Regarding the law on animal
Source: Antara News
17
ARTICLE
Image source: unrulygardener
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
Spine Less Cactus as Fodder for Livestock Dr. T. K. Walli, Managing Editor Think Grain Think Feed Drylands comprise 40 % of the global
Haryana. In these states it has gone down from 10
land area and host more than 2 billion
meters to 25 meters in the last decade. Thus, there is
people. Ironically these areas are
an urgent need to adopt all kinds of water
mostly overpopulated, thus increasing
conservation techniques, like micro and drip
pressure on natural resources. On the
irrigation, use of laser levelers, planting of
top of it, the world is caught in the
permanently raised beds, direct seeding of paddy and
web of climate change, which is
roof top rain harvesting. In fact, the Prime Minister of
showing its menacing effect in the
India, knowing the gravity of the situation, has coined
different parts of the world. In fact,
this national slogan “Per Drop More Crop�, for water
the effects of global-warming are very
conservation and its efficient use for crop and animal
much here and visible, especially in
husbandry.
the hotter regions like arid and semi
www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
arid zones of the world. In India,
18
because of failure of rains in many parts of the country, the water scarcity is emerging as the new adversary for the country. The failure of rains leads to the failure of crops, which in turn, is forcing lot of Indian farmers to
Rangelands in semi arid zones are usually the basis for livestock production system. However, as the global livestock population is increasing steadily, this is leading to the rangeland degradation. With water being another limiting factor, the very sustainability of the livestock production in these regions is in danger, which is directly going to affect the survivability of human population in these regions.
commit suicide. Just like food crops, even fodder crops need lot of Due to overdraft of ground water, to meet its excessive requirement for wheat-paddy cropping system, the water table has reduced drastically in many states, especially in Punjab and
water for their cultivation. Seasonal and yearly fluctuations of rainfall do severely reduce the potential of crops such as maize and beans. Perennial adapted crops are the best alternative to produce
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 |2Issue 8 |8June 2016 Think Grain Think Feed - Volume | Issue | June 2016
of this Cactus, however, is still unexploited. Just less than 0.1% of the dryland area is covered so far under its cultivation. Under the National Dairy Plan, NDDB, Anand has taken up the cultivation and the propagation of Cactaii in a big way in the semi arid area of Gujrat state. The pictures show the different stages of cultivation of the cactaii being undertaken by the fodder experts from NDD under the transfer of technology. of thorn . In fact, I am glad that one of my old student's, Nihar Ranjan Gosh has been overlooking these operations of transfer of technology of thorn-less cactus cultivation with drip irrigation system on the farmers' field for green fodder production. These operations are being conducted in villages facing acute water shortage, due to drought conditions in Banaskantha and Dahod districts of Gujrat. Brazil has 500,00 to 600,000 ha of cultivated cactus, mostly Opuntia and Neopalea. Chemical composition of the average cactus plant food for humans and feed for
The cactus plant has a high water content, and is also high in
livestock. Today we have two
energy. However, It is low in CP as well as fibre. The
technologies for growing fodder in the digestibility is moderate, varying from 65 -7 3-7 % water scarcity areas, viz., “Hydroponics i) CP ii)
NDF
25-30 %
green Fodder”. While good
iii) Water soluble carbohydrates 45 – 55 %
information is being dissipated on
iv) Digestibility 65- 70 %
hydroponics, there is also the need to
Benefits of using Cactus plant
propagate the technology of Cactaii as !
It is a multipurpose crop and provides multiple benefits
green fodder through information
to the society.
diffusion. In this scenario, spineless cactus,
! !
more specifically Opantia and
population to feed livestock. !
American countries have cactus orchards in a big area.
being thick, soft and juicy, and are so these are able to store water in their tissues. These cactaii require least care
Provides food for human beings, as fruits and vegetables. In fact, Italy, Mexico and other Latin
succulents have the consistency of adapted that in periods of drought
Provides green fodder for livestock. In Mexico, 3 million hectares of native cactus is extensively used by the
Neopalea become the most important crops for the 21st century. The
It protects soil against erosion
!
It has medicinal as well as cosmetics well. Cactaii based industries are being developed in many Latin American countries.
and can be cultivated in nurseries or
Conclusions
greenhouses too. Cactaii have the
Spineless cactus could be a tremendous resource for semi
potential to produce > 20 tones of
arid regions of the world, providing multiple benefits.
DM per hectare per year and provide 180 tones of fresh good quality water stored in the Cladodes for livestock
Establishing cactus might alleviate the pressure on rangelands, thus, providing green fodder for livestock.
(Dubeux et al, 2015). The productivity An excellent plant for the reclamation of rangelands is enough to produce forage to
Last but not least, these cactaii have a high potential for
sustain 5 adult cows per year. This
carbon capture, both above as well as below the soil.
means a 60 fold increase over rangeland productivity. The potential
* Adopted as an abridged version from the article by Jose C. B. Debeux Jr., which appeared in “Feedipedia” recently ( April, 2016).
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Fodder” and “Spine-less Cactaii as
19
INTERVIEW
V
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
ICTAM, FIAAP & GRAPAS Asia has become a known brand name among Indian grain & feed industry. The event has recently concluded its 25th edition in Bangkok, Thailand. In an e-interview with Andrew West from VICTAM International,
THINK GRAIN THINK FEED tried to understand organizer’s plan for growing Indian feed market. Below are the excerpts: Please share a brief about VICTAM, FIAAP & GRAPAS within the milling process. So improved, Asia 2016. FIAAP, VICTAM & GRAPAS Asia 2016 has now become the showpiece event the feed and grain industries of Asia. This last event, held at BITEC in Bangkok, attracted over 6000 industry executives from throughout South and South East Asia and was the largest exhibition that Victam has organized in Asia. It was also the 25th Anniversary of the VICTAM show in Bangkok where it was originally held in an hotel car park with about a 1000 visitors.
more reliable equipment, with greater energy efficiency, easier and faster changeover in the system so improving productivity, safety, reliability and traceability. Within the area of ingredients or additives there seems to be a trend to the use of alternative ingredients and reducing the reliance on traditional ingredients so giving the formulator greater control and improved options.
What are the latest industrial trends driving the Animal Feed industry worldwide? What is the demand and scope of newer feed technologies in Asia?
Could you please elaborate on your personal experiences of being associated with VICTAM?
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The latest trends within the feed industry have not really Victam is a small Dutch company that is changed much, they mainly comprise greater efficiency owned by the Victam Foundation which
20
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
is a registered charity its objective is to help and support the feed industry worldwide. Working for Victam International BV, which is a very small company, has been a pleasure as well as exciting with one or two crises on the way, such as when we had to postpone a show in the Netherlands because there was Foot and Mouth Disease in Europe. But you overcome these obstacles and just get on with the job. Feed production in Southeast Asia has been growing @ 7 percent annually, which is highest in the world. Your comments ? This is an indication of how important the industry has become and will be in the future. Feed production has increased because the Southeast Asian economies are very strong and people are wealthier and so they wish to eat more meat and fish and seafood. You Howdo you rate the journey of VICTAM Asia since its inception in Bangkok, to its recently concluded 25th edition? It has been a lot of fun working with Victam, its hard work organizing exhibitions and when the show finishes you are left with an empty hall and so you have to start all over again. The shows have grown in strength over the 25 years but as soon as we started to bring local Asian consultants in each country to assist us then the shows grew in terms of visitors and exhibitors. It was very important to their local knowledge and experience. How would the event like VICTAM play its distinct role in supporting the feed industry, in view of the upcoming challenges and opportunities visualized? Victam events act as facilitators. We bring together the suppliers of the technology, equipment and ingredients with the feed producers. This is what we will continue to do, Obviously where there are new challenges and new developments we will try to address these in our show and conference profiles and subjects. Where does Indian market stand as VICTAM/FIAAP sees it, vis-Ă -vis other Asian countries? We see India as extremely important within our events and we think that as its prosperity continues so will its
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need feed to sustain this growth.
influence and importance.
21
INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
Feed samples from Asia-Pacific contaminated with heavy metals Of the 1,375 samples of minerals, premix
Contamination Percentage
and complete feeds from 16 Asia-Pacific
28%
countries submitted for testing in the 2016 Alltech Asia-Pacific Heavy Metal Survey, 20 percent were found to have contamination levels exceeding EU allowable limits for heavy metal
18%
contamination of arsenic, cadmium and lead. This is the 6th year Alltech has
12%
conducted the survey in the Asia-Pacific region.
5%
“The results from this year's survey were consistent with the results from the last five years,” said Tara Jarman, Alltech AsiaPacific mineral manager. “We have now analysed more than 3500 samples and our results continue to show that, on average, 20 per cent of materials are contaminated with these heavy metals.” Results from the 2016 survey also indicated that 28 per cent of more than
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500 complete feed samples tested were
22
Survey trend in Asia over years
Inorganic mineral
Organic mineral
Premix
Complete feed
contaminated with heavy metal. “The contamination of complete feed shown in this year's survey is alarming,” said Jarman. “This is a strong indication that what we're ultimately feeding our animals is posing an ongoing risk to both animals and humans.” The 2016 Alltech Asia-Pacific Heavy Metal Survey highlighted the ongoing risk of contamination across a variety of materials, including inorganic trace mineral sources. Extremely high levels were seen in some mineral
30%
samples. Cadmium, a known carcinogen for humans, was detected at levels as high as 16,579 ppm in a zinc sulphate sample, whereas the acceptable EU limit is just
21%
19%
19%
20%
10 ppm. “As we've seen in previous surveys, cadmium continues to be the main contaminant, which is likely attributed to the
10%
processes involved in the mining and manufacturing of inorganic mineral sources,” said Jarman. “We must ensure we have quality systems in place to ensure security
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014-15 2015-16
throughout the food chain.”
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
India can reach 50 million tones maize output by 2025 India can double its maize
Keeping in view the recent interest of
cultivation of baby corn, popcorn,
production to 50 million tonnes (MT)
urban consumers especially in
sweet corn, multigrain flour etc.
by 2025 to meet the rising domestic
specialty corn, like sweet corn, baby
The quality protein maize (QPM)
demand of the crop, Agriculture
corn, popcorn, etc, it is expected that
provides nutrient security to even
Minister Radha Mohan Singh said
demand for maize as food may rise to
remote areas of the country and
during India Maize Summit 2016
2 MT by 2025, Singh said.
programmes are needed to stress
jointly organized by commodity
"By 2025, India will require 50 MT
emphasis on the QPM, Singh said
exchange NCDEX and industry body
maize for domestic consumption, of
adding that special incentives should
FICCI.
which 32 MT for feed, 15 MT for
be provided to the private companies
industrial sector, 2 MT as food and 1
so that they can provide improved
maize production stood at 24.17 MT in MT for seed. Thus doubling India
seed to remote areas like north
2014-15, Singh said adding this
maize production would be an
eastern region. Mr. Vijay Sardana,
signifies the resilience of maize
opportunity and it can be achieved,"
cultivation against climatic variability.
Singh said while addressing India
About 64 per cent of the total maize
Maize Summit 2016.
production is used for poultry feed,
The Minister said that in order to
followed by 16 per cent for human
explore maximum uses of the crop,
Poultry Federation of India presented the challenges faced by Indian Poultry Industry. “60 per cent of total corn production is consumed by Poultry industry and increasing in MSP for corn would negatively impact the
consumption, 19 per cent for
the maize-based industry needs to be
industrial starch and beverage and 1
promoted in a big way and special
should be reconsidered,� he stated.
per cent for seed.
incentives need to be given for the
Source: Economics Times
poultry industry. The pricing policy
www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
In spite of the drought last year, the
23
ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
Influence of feed and nutrients on Coccidiosis infection Dr.Yasir Bashir, Kemin Introduction Adequate supply of finely balanced dietary nutrients is essential for optimal growth of modern fast growing meat birds owing to their high genetic potential. All the critical nutrients must be supplied in feed to maintain this genetic potential. As per the recommendations of National Research Council, Poultry diets are mostly a mixture of ingredients like
form of the feed seem to influence Eimeria parasites thereby coccidial infection. Essential nutrients including all macronutrients and micronutrients have been examined for their potential use as dietary supplements for coccidiosis control. Some of these nutrients have a direct beneficial effect on the development of parasite within the host and are in fact coccidiosis promoting compounds. Alternatively some nutrients actively enhance the host's resistance against Eimeria by stimulating the immune system, thus decreasing the pathological effects of a coccidiosis infection.
cereal grains, soybean meal, animal by- 1. product meal, fats, vitamins and mineral premixes. Together with water, these compounds deliver proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins and energy that the birds need to grow, reproduce and stay healthy. However complete utilization of these nutrients requires a fully capable and functional intestinal system or gut. Alteration in the functional capabilities of the gut in poultry is associated with number of infectious and parasitic diseases ofwhich coccidiosis are probably one of the most intensively studied. Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease
Feed Texture
The size of various ingredients comprising feed largely determine the feed structure or texture which in turn primarily depend upon the presence of cereals and the extent to which they have been ground during the milling procedure. Processing of feed into pellet or crumb at the factory may further decrease the average particle size of poultry feedstuffs. The physical texture of feed influences the development of intestinal tract, gizzard, secretion of enzymes and development of gut flora. Presence of fine particles in feed has a strong inhibiting effect on the contraction and reflux activity of the intestine and its development in comparison to coarse feed with large particle size. Some workers concluded that birds housed in cages supplied with whole cereals up to 60-70% and high protein concentrations (40%) in their diet, showed reduced
affecting mainly the intestinal tract and oocyst shedding and mortality most prominently for E.
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caused by several species of a protozoa tenellabut also E. acervulinaand E. maxima in a mixed
24
Eimeria. They invade and destroy the
coccidiosis infection model. Heavier gizzards as well as
intestinal epithelium of chickens, and
lower pH in the intestines were found in the study. It
as a consequence, infected birds
was hypothesized that the mechanical function of the
display reduced feed intake, have
better developed gizzards will have destroyed more
bloody diarrhea, and have reduced
oocysts, while the lower pH results in a more hostile
weight gains and mortality. Worldwide
environment for excysted sporozoites, thus mitigating
the annual costs inflicted by coccidiosis the coccidiosis infection. However, there are studies to commercial poultry have been
which have shown contrasting results. So the effect of
estimated at â‚Ź 2 billion, stressing the
the texture on the course of coccidiosis infectionneeds
urgent need for more efficient
to be explored further.
strategies to control the parasite. Various feed components and physical
2.
Feed Management
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
Feed restriction is frequently applied to commercial poultry, especially breeding broilers in order to control growth. Feed control has been shown to have an inhibiting effect on E. tenellainfections. This process possibly improves the immune response, after the initial stress induced by restricted feeding has disappeared. Another explanation for the greater resistance of feed restricted birds is the lower production of trypsin, which contributes to excystation of
Feed Grains Today's poultry diet consists of corn or wheat as main energy source. Beneficial effect of a corn based diet on a coccidiosis infection is observed especiallyin E. tenellaand E. acervulinainfected broilers fed corn when compared to wheat. This different effect on a coccidiosis infection is possibly connected to variances in their micro nutritive constituents, while corn is rich in vitamin A and E that may boost the immune response, wheat contains about twice as much niacin and riboflavin, which are beneficial to the parasite. Moreover, a wheatbased diet may also alter the intestinal flora favoring the development of parasite.
sporozoites in this chicken. Carbohydrates 3.
Feed Composition The primary source of metabolizable energy of the birds
nutrients or feed ingredients may have a direct effect on the Eimeria parasite by influencing certain stages of its life cycle, while other components may modulate indirectly a coccidiosis infection by enhancing the immune response or improving the recovery after infection.
is carbohydrates which can influence the intestinal microbial activity depending upon the type of carbohydrate. Carbohydrates have been investigated frequently for their influence on a coccidiosis infection; most attention has been given to the non-digestible carbohydrates (i.e. NSP). Increased saccharide content of the diet, has negative effect on growth of birds while the oocyst excretion is enhanced. These effects are attributed to modification of the intestinal flora by high
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In addition to feed texture, particular
25
ARTICLE saccharide content of the diet. NSP's are polysaccharides that cannot be degraded by endogenous enzymes and
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
Essential fatty acids Essential fatty acids (EFAs) must be obtained from diet as they cannot be
increases body weight in challenged birds. Vitamins
therefore reach the colon almost
synthesized from other components by indigested where they are fermented by almost all land animals. There are two microbes. The increased intestinal families of EFAs: ù-3 (omega-3 or n-3 viscosity produced by NSP could favor
or á-linolenic acid) and ù-6 (omega-6,
the development of coccidiosis. The
n-6 or linoleic acid). EFA ù-3 belonging
coccidiosis promoting effect may be
to the family of polyunsaturated fatty
lowered by enzymes that reduce
acids can be found abundantly in fish
viscosity like pentosanases.
oil, flaxseed oil and whole flaxseed
Proteins
which can be supplemented to the
Effect of variable concentration of feed protein content on coccidiosis has been evaluated by various authors. Low levels of dietary protein (≤13%), which are
feed. In E. tenellainfection experiments, lesion scores and growth retardation were significantly reduced in birds supplemented with 2.5, 5 and 10% fish oil and 10% flaxseed oil compared to
unfavorable for growth performance,
unsupplemented diets. The beneficial
seem to diminish coccidiosis mortality,
effect of ù-3 fatty acids was explained
oocyst shedding and coccidiosis lesions. by the retarded development of E. This is attributed to a reduction of tenella and ultrastructural changes of trypsin activity in the small intestine, thereby limiting sporozoite excystation
by these compounds. These results are
and subsequent parasite invasion. High
consistent with reports on the influence
dietary protein may also favor bacterial
of ù-3 fatty acids on other parasites
growth in the intestines and enhances
and suggest that a state of oxidative
the development of coccidiosis lesions
stress is created which is harmful to the
due to E. tenella. Raw soybeans as
parasite.
protein source have a protective effect
catalysts or as substrates. A number of vitamins like, biotin, thiamine, nicotinic acid, folic acid and riboflavin are known to be necessary for the complete development of parasite within the host. Vitamin A has a positive effect on the growth performance, reduction in mortality and oocyst excretion in E. acervulinaor E. tenellainfected chickens. High doses of vitamin D enhance E. tenellacoccidiosis due to its immune suppressive properties. Adding ãtocopherol to the diet at a concentration of 8 ppm to chickens infected with E. maxima improved the weight gain and reduced the amount of lesions, and oocyst excretion. Vitamin K is characterized by its coagulation promoting properties and its supplementation reduced mortality induced by an E. necatrix and E. tenellainfection, which are associated with blood loss, but no effect was found on growth, blood losses in faeces
retardation and lesions scores by
Dietary minerals form the inorganic
and hematocrit. The B-vitamins are
several Eimeriaspp., attributed to
part of poultry feed and are needed to
essential for the development of
protease inhibitors limiting excystation.
maintain the osmotic balance, as co-
Eimeria parasites and explains the
factors for enzymes, for cellular activity
coccidiosis enhancing effect of some of
and skeleton physiology. High dietary
them. Hence, many anticoccidial drugs
Lipids
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involved in chemical reactions as
Minerals
against coccidiosis-induced growth
26
both asexual and sexual stages induced
Vitamins are bio-molecules, which are
Lipids are important in poultry feed as
calcium concentrations (approximately
are antagonists of analogues of one or
concentrated source of energy, which
2% or higher) exceeding the optimum
more representatives of the vitamin B
are essential components of cellular
required in a poultry diet, consistently
complex. Vitamin C is an antioxidant,
and subcellular membranes. The effect
had a negative influence on the
which stabilizes membranes and could
of lipid on coccidiosis infection is
outcome of coccidiosis infections with
therefore be beneficial in coccidiosis.
dependent upon the composition of
both E. tenellaand E. acervulina. The
fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids
stimulation of trypsin (important in
seem to promote clinical and
excystation) by calcium, may explain
pathological signs of coccidiosis when
the coccidiosis enhancing effect of high
compared to saturated fatty acids.
dietary calcium. In terms of micro
Chickens fed diets enriched with
minerals, zinc and copper have a
coconut oil, composed of medium
positive effect on the growth and
chain saturated fatty acids, showed
weight gain of chickens infected with E.
better performance after an E.
acervulina and E. tenella. Selenium also
acervulina infection than those birds
improves the immunity against
given soy oil (unsaturated fatty acids).
coccidiosis caused by E.tenella; moreover it reduces mortality and
Although there are many studies concerning the effect of diet form and composition on Eimeria parasites, more research is needed in this sphere and any control of coccidiosis in future is unlikely to be achieved solely through feed composition or management and further to that usage of anti-coccidial drugs in feed will be a prime factor in devising any absolute control strategy. References upon request
EVENT COVERAGE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
2016 World Mycotoxin Forum focused on impacts of Climate change on mycotoxin contamination 2016 World Mycotoxin Forum addressed “Mycotoxins in a changing world” and the discussion revolve around undeniable impact climate change on mycotoxin contamination in the global food and feed supply. In coming years, Grain producers may need to adjust according to changing climate how they plant, what they plant and when. Warmer weather will increase infestations and result in increased use of pesticides and fungicides. The representatives from European stakeholder agencies reported, climate change is likely to
together to create adverse health effects. “Climate change is one of the key emerging issues – not just with mycotoxins – but with risk exposure in general,” said Dr. Vittorio Fattori, Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and FAO/WHO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). On this note, the number of speakers suggested that food shortages may be caused by high levels of mycotoxin contamination in different parts of the world. And, in areas where high levels are consumed, there will be an increase in certain types of cancer, chronic illnesses and long-lasting impacts on the development of children. In food-producing animals, farmers will experience lost productivity and more mycotoxin-related deaths.
increase the prevalence of mycotoxins in many countries – affecting animal
Beyond implications for food and feed safety, increased
and human health, feed and food
mycotoxin contamination will also take a tremendous
quality, and global trade.
toll on the economies of the most impacted countries, specifically as it relates to their ability to export
“All of us know the temperature is
commodities to markets with low mycotoxin thresholds.
Image source: health2016.globalchange
“In the perfect scenario, maximum levels are set so they are protecting public health, but also achievable through good management practices,” said Frans Verstraete, M.Sc., directorate general of health & food safety European Commission (EC), the agency responsible for setting maximum levels (ML) for mycotoxins in the EU. “However, the last few years we have been comforted situations where extreme weather conditions made it impossible to achieve the threshold even with good
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increasing and this means there will be
28
practices.”
more incidents of mycotoxin
In Africa, for example, $670 million in trade is lost due to
contamination in certain areas,” said Dr.
mycotoxin levels consistently exceeding the maximum
Mari Eskola, science officer on the
levels of export countries, reported Ranajit
biological hazards and contaminants
Bandyopadhyay with the African Union Commission.
team with the European Food Safety
Building off research conducted in 2003, an updated
Authority (EFSA).
USDA economic research report suggests the impact of
She also pointed that new mycotoxins
revenue lost to mycotoxins will increase in the short
may emerge and appear in regions
term and the effects of climate change will likely push
where they had not commonly been
these losses higher in the future.
found before, and the food supply
The 2016 World Mycotoxin Forum, a bienniel joint
chain will encounter more modified
meeting of The World Mycotoxin Forum and IUPAC
mycotoxins and an increase in co-
International Symposium on Mycotoxins, was held in
occurrences – defined as more than
Winnipeg, Canada, June 6-9. The conference drew more
one type of mycotoxin working
than 400 international attendees.
2016
CALENDAR OF EVENTS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
JULY
OCTOBER
2nd International Conference on Livestock Nutrition Date: 21-22 July 2016 Venue: Brisbane, Australia Email: livestocknutrition@conferenceseries.net Web: www.livestocknutrition.conferenceseries.com
Indo Livestock 2016 Expo & Forum Date: 27-29 July 2016 Venue: Jakarta Convention Center - Indonesia Email: info@indolivestock.com Web: www.indolivestock.com
AUGUST Broiler Feed Quality Conference Date: 18-19 August 2016 Venue: Bangkok, Thailand Email: events@asian-agribiz.com Web: www.asian-agribiz.com
AGRENA 2016 Date: 6-8 October 2016 Venue: Cairo International Conference Center, Egypt Email: info@agrena.net Web: www.agrena.net
Layer Feed Quality Conference Date: 17-18 October 2016 Venue: Jakarta, Indonesia Email: events@asian-agribiz.com Web: www.asian-agribiz.com
Vietstock Date: 19-21 October 2016 Venue: Saigon Exhibition & Convention Center (SECC, HCMC, Vietnam Email: vietstock@ubm.com Web: www.vietstock.org
NOVEMBER GrainTech India Date: 26-28 August 2016 Venue: Bangalore International Exhibition Centre (BIEC), Bangalore, India Email: graintechindia@gmail.com Web: www.graintechindia.com
EuroTier Date: 15-18 November 2016 Venue: Hanover, Germany Email: expo@dlg.org Web: www.eurotier.com
SEPTEMBER
www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
CLFMA Symposium Date: 2-3 September 2016 Venue: Kolkata, India Email: clfmaindia@gmail.com Web: www.clfmaofindia.org
30
Oilseed and Grain Trade Summit Date: 14-16 November 2016 Venue: Hyatt Regency, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S. Email: ogts-info@highquestgroup.com Web: www.oilseedandgrain.com
VIV China Date: 6-8 September 2016 Venue: Shunyi District Beijing, China Email: wang.yunyun@vip.163.com Web: www.vivchina.nl
Poultry India Date: 23-25 November 2016 Venue: HITEX, Exhibition Centre, Hyderabad, India Email: info@poultryindia.co.in Web: www.poultryindia.co.in
SPACE Date: 13-16 September 2016 Venue: Rennes Exhibition Centre, France Email: am.quemener@space.fr, info@space.fr
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