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Volume 3 | Issue 7 May-2017
Postal No. PKL-212/2015-2017
RNI No.: HARENG/2014/61357
EDITORIAL Monthly Magazine for Feed Technology Published by BENISON Media SCO 17, 2nd Floor, Mugal Canal Market Karnal - 132001 (Haryana) Tel: +91 184 4047817 info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 7 | May 2017
DDGS obtained after ethanol production can serve as a good feed ingredient
O
ne of the grand challenges facing society today is finding solutions to world sustainability. A debates going on at present is the
Publisher & Editor Prachi Arora prachi.a@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
tradeoffs of using grains as bio-fuel production versus animal feed.
However using grains as the raw material for biofuel production has several advantages. When starch in grains like maize, sorghum or wheat is fermented, we end up with two products, the main product i.e. Ethanol and the byproduct, i.e. DDGS (Dried Distillers Grain plus
Managing Editor
Solubles). Only 1-2.5 % of the overall efficiency is lost by converting
Dr. T.K. Walli Former Head, Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI
grains into bio fuels and animal feed. Approximately, one third of the corn used to produce ethanol is recovered as feed co product, i.e. DDGS. The main advantage of producing ethanol from grains is that it can be partially mixed with petrol, which can greatly reduce the quantum of pollution gases emitted out from vehicles, thus help
Designing & Marketing
greatly in reducing pollution levels in the atmosphere. Rather it is high
Ashwani Verma info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
time that govt. should go for large scale ethanol production from grains. The byproduct from ethanol fermentation i.e. DDGS, can serve as a good feed ingredient for both ruminants as well as non ruminants.
Circulation & Subscription Head
Recent studies have revealed that feeding of DDGS to dairy cattle,
Rahul Bhardwaj info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
poultry and pigs has helped in providing quality protein as well as energy to these categories of animals. When the starch in corn is fermented to produce ethanol, the remaining nutrients of the grain viz. protein, fat and fibre are concentrated three fold. The average chemical
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
composition of the DDGS has thus, been reported as : Protein 28 %, Energy 13 M J /Kg DM, Crude Fibre 5.5 %, Crude Fat 9.0 %, Ash 4.5 %,
Dr. Dinesh T. Bhosale Former Chairman, CLFMA of India Mr. Amit Sachdev Indian Representative, US Grain Council
NDF 30 % and calcium 0.18 %. Since during the drying process, the byproduct is subjected to heat treatment, the DDGS and the protein present in it gets partially protected from ruminal degradation, and in the process fat too may be partially protected. This may be leading to the greater proportion of protein and fat being digested in the
Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand US Soybean Export Council Dr. Suhas Amrutkar Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition, MAFSU, Parbhani Dr. SN Mohanty Former Principal Scientist, CIFA Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta Agricultural Economist
duodenum and consequently, more of amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids being absorbed from the cow's intestines. More interestingly, feeding of DDGS to dairy cows has been found to reduce methane production in rumen, thus, has an added advantage of reducing the pollution levels in the environment. DDGS is an acceptable feed ingredient for broiler diet and can be safely used at 6 % in the starter period and at 12- 15 % in growers and finisher's diet. The weight gain of chicks fed DDGS ranged from 85 % of that of chicks fed the highest level of soybean meal. Similar results were seen in pig trials. Feeding of DDGS also reduces Phosphorus
Dr. Swamy Haladi Feed Additive Expert Dr. R Gnana Sekar Lead Consultant, GS Dairy Farm Consulting
excretion in poultry manure, thus reducing the Phosphorus run-off from manure fertilized fields. So, even in the case of poultry as well, the feeding of DDGS results in safer environment. Looking to the various advantages of feeding DDGS to the animals, the feed industry should come forward to use it as an alternative protein ingredient, which may
Dr. Suraj Amrutkar Assistant Professor, Dept. of ILFC, SKUAST-J, Jammu
also reduce the feed cost.
TK Walli www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in www.benisonmedia.com
Monthly Magazine for Feed & Feed Technology
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 7 | May 2017
Vollume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015
Contents RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
05 Camelina oil - A promising
PELETING TIPS 16 Impact of feed raw
materials on pellet quality
alternative ARTICLE
INDUSTRY THOUGHT
10 Phytogenics: overall potential as an alternative to AGPs
06 GM Crops in Livestock Feed Industry
20 Organic chromium supplementation for fighting
EVENT CALENDAR - 30
heat stress in poultry INTERVIEW
12 Challenges faced by Indian Dairy sector in different
UPCOMING EVENTS
segments - Dr. Capt Tanweer Alam
24-26 May 2017
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Front Cover: Delacon
Printed by: Jaiswal Printing Press | Published by: Prachi Arora | On behalf of: BENISON Media | Printed at: Chaura Bazar, Karnal-132001, Haryana | Published at: SCO-17, 2nd Floor, Mugal Canal Market, Karnal-132001, Haryana | Editor: Prachi Arora Think Grain Think Feed is a monthly magazine published by BENISON Media at its office in Karnal. Editorial policy is independent. Views expressed by authors are not necessarily those held by the editors. The data/information provided in the magazine is sourced through various sources and the publisher considers its sources reliable and verifies as much data as possible. However, the publisher accepts no liability for the material herein and consequently readers using this information do so at their own risk. Although persons and companies mentioned herein are believed to be reputable, neither BENISON Media, nor any of its employees or contributors accept any responsibility whatsoever for such persons’ and companies’ activities. All legal matters are subjected to Karnal Jurisdiction. Disclaimer : The published material and images are sourced from various websites and newspapers, and used for information purpose only, if you have any issue, please inform us at info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in. BENISON Media or Think Grain Think Feed is not liable for any claim prior to written information.
R&D
Camelina oil - A promising alternative The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) has approved the use of mechanically-extracted camelina oil as a feed ingredient for farmed salmon and trout. The decision follows a recently completed large-scale study of camelina oil managed by Genome Atlantic. Dr. Chris Parrish, Department of Ocean Sciences, Faculty of Science, was one of the study's principal researchers. Camelina sativa, or false flax, is a hardy oilseed plant that is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, protein and antioxidants. This super-nutritious plant is used as a vegetable oil for human consumption and as an ingredient or supplement in some animal feeds.
for approval of camelina oil for use in fish feeds. “Genome Atlantic and its partners have transformed a tiny seed into a big opportunity, creating an innovative, alternative solution with long-term benefits to industry,” said Navdeep Bains, minister, Innovation, Science and Economic Development, and minister responsible for ACOA. Particularly promising Dr. Parrish says camelina oil has characteristics which make it a particularly promising alternative in fish diets. “Among the oils that can be used to replace fish oil in aquafeeds, camelina is one of the few with high levels of omega-3 fatty acids,” he said. “While these omega-3 fatty acids are different to those present in fish oils, they enhance the ability of fish to synthesize the healthful long-chain, omega-3 fatty acids that are needed for their optimal growth. This, in turn, ensures a healthful fillet for human consumers.” Viable alternative
Another of the study's principal researchers, Dr. Claude Caldwell of Dalhousie University, explains that the Fish feed manufacturers have also scientists found camelina oil to be sufficiently nutritious explored the use of crop-based oilseeds to replace all the fish oil in feeds, as well as some of the like camelina as viable and costground fish meal. efficient substitutes for wild-sourced “The use of wild-sourced fish to feed the farmed fish is fish oils and proteins currently used in not sustainable either ecologically or economically. fish feeds. Camelina could be a viable alternative,” he said. Compelling evidence Considering that aquaculture companies spend 50-70 The study, which was supported by the per cent of their budgets on feed, finding a high-quality, Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency lower cost source of oil could mean significant savings. (ACOA)'s Atlantic Innovation Fund, While the CFIA's recent approval only covers camelina oil, found camelina to be an excellent Dr. Caldwell and his Dalhousie team are currently match to the fatty acid composition conducting feeding trials for the CFIA on camelina meal. required in the diets of farmed fish. “Camelina meal can't entirely replace fish meal used in Backed by this compelling evidence, fish feeds, but it could replace some of that meal,” he said. Genome Atlantic applied to the CFIA
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Memorial-partnered research leads to approval for camelina oil fish feed
Source: Gazette
05
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 7 | May 2017
Image Source: hindi.yourstory
INDUSTRY THOUGHT
GM Crops in Livestock Feed Industry Dr.Meeta Punjabi Mehta, Dr.Prabhakar Maurya, Creative Agri Solutions Pvt. Ltd
Why GM food / feed at all?
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The mention of GM crops evokes a mixed response from different strata of people, like a section of resource constrained farmers and activists feel anguished while scientists, MNC's and technocrats may take it as a prospective technology to take the way forward to address food security and reap commercial benefits.
06
In spite of various views concerned with GM crops, the first question that bogs our mind is why even are we talking of GM crops when traditional food choices exist. One of the foremost reasons is scientific curiosity combined with the need to solve the food security issue of the ever growing population. To add burden to the misery are our rapidly depleting agricultural lands. Another reason is the impact of climate change causing unwarranted onset of floods, draughts and calamities making us to look for agricultural innovations by having crops with more tolerance to climate changes.At the same time to maintain sustainability with the environment, there is a need for practical solutions to improve the carbon
footprint trail left in production activities. It is possible that GM crops can be modified keeping the above requirements in question. Hence, the need arises to foray in newer fields of technology for greater production of food crops in same or lesser available land resources and serve the needs of the human as well as animal nutrition. GM crops for animal feed industry Animal feed industry heavily depends on agricultural crops and their byproducts and thus the introduction of GM crops on large scale in mainstream is going to affect the animal feed industry directly. Apart from cereal grains viz. maize, bajra, sorghum, barley etc. animal feed mainly comprises of the vegetable protein derived from crops viz. groundnut oil cake, soybean meal, sunflower oil cake, cotton seed meal, mustard oil cake etc. and some milling byproducts like bran of rice and wheat. The current scenario on the Bt cotton and Bt mustard in India is having direct consequences on the animal feed industry as these two crops comprise a major part of animal feeds as well. Other GM crops waiting commercialization in developing countries are soybean, canola and maize and are a major source of protein and energy as animal feed. Global Experiences in GM Feed for Livestock Globally more than 340 GM crop events/lines have been approved for use as feed. The relevant GM crops widely used as a source of feed for livestock include corn, canola, cottonseed, soybean, and potato, mainly used as an energy and/or protein source. GM crops currently approved for use as animal feed are modified for
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 |3Issue 7 |7May 2017 Think Grain Think Feed - Volume | Issue | May 2017
herbicide tolerance (HT), insect resistance, modified oil content and virus ! resistance. As per statistics of ISAAA (International Service for the Acquisition of Agribiotech Applications) out of total crop production in the world, the percentage of feed grains ranges from 18% to 90% for crops ranging from wheat to sorghum, corn, oats and oil seed meals. Livestock owners mainly prefer corn grain and soybean meal for energy and/or protein source in both monogastric as well as ruminants. ISAAA statistics reveal that out of about 90 million metric tons of GM corn grains produced worldwide, approximately 70% are used for livestock feed and similarly from about 70 million metric tons of soybean meal are fed to livestock per annum which is derived from GM soybean. A major study involving meta-analysis of 1,783 scientific studies on safety of GM crops published from 2002 to 2012 found that the safety concerns on the usage of GM crops as livestock feed ingredients arise the following questions : !
Safety of GM crops as feeds for livestock.
!
Change in animal performance by
GM crops. Transfer and/or accumulation of transgenic materials in milk, meat and eggs.
As a result of such concerns, countries like Bulgaria, France, Poland and Sweden have stopped cultivating the GM crops as such but are importing them. The countries leading the world in having the maximum production of GM crops are US, Brazil and Argentina; respectively. Developing countries hold a share of 28.025% of the current global market of $15.7 billion in 2016 . Prospects for the future? GM technology itself is neither good nor bad, but rather it is the way in which GM crops are applied in practice that will determine their contribution to sustainability, as with all agricultural advances. It's hard to make many sweeping, definitive statements about GM crops and different crops can be modified for different purposes and uses around the world.Future GM crops with enhanced output traits may have profound effect of improving animal productivity and performance and may help GM crops to foray as alternate and/or supplement to traditional crops on a larger scale as livestock feed in near future enhancing the climate smart agriculture practices as well. Though scientific studies and their analysis till now have not shown any untoward effects of GM crops on human and animal health and the growing body of scientifically valid information indicates safety of GM crops for food/feed use, but it can be authenticated only with further studies and clinical trials on a large scale in different parts of the world. The main concern is the ethical acceptability of the GM crops by the larger population as a whole which is slowly finding relevance with improving societal norms.
Positive sides of GM crops Better pest and disease resistance:
reducing losses
and lessening the dependence on pesticides.
Negative sides of GM crops Unexpected side -effects: although rigorously tested, there may be some subtle, long
-term effects that
cannot be detected yet. Improved stress tolerance:
genes responsible for
greater tolerance o f stress, such as drought, low
Problems with labeling of GM food: all the countries do not have legislations to label GM foods.
temperatures or salt in the soil can be inserted into crops. altered to make them grow faster
Reduced species diversity:
genes introduced to
resulting shorter growing seasons.
specific insect pests may kill other, beneficial insects, with effects on animals further up the food chain.
More nutritious crops: engineered to produce larger
Ecological damage: pollen from GM crops could be
amounts of essential vitamins and minerals helping to
transferred by insects or wind to wild plants, fertilizing
solve nutrition problems in some parts of the world.
them and creating new, modified plants
Production of medicines and vaccines by crops:
Effects on non -GM crops: possible that genes for
possible to have plants and animals produce useful
resistance to insect pests, diseases and herbicides might
medicines and even vaccines.
spread to native plants.
Resistance to herbicides: modified to be resistant to
Over-use of herbicides:
specific herbicides, making it much easier to control
might encourage farmers to use weed killers more
troublesome weeds.
indiscriminately to crop fields.
herbicide-resistant crops
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Faster growth:
07
INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 7 | May 2017
Biotech crops continues to grow-ISAAA The International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) released its annual report showcasing the 110-fold increase in adoption rate of biotech crops globally in just 21 years of commercialization – growing from 1.7 million hectares in 1996 to 185.1 million hectares in 2016. ISAAA's report, “Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2016,” found 18 million farmers across 26 countries grew biotech crops. “Biotech crops have become a vital agricultural resource for farmers around the world because of the immense benefits for improved productivity and profitability, as well as conservation efforts,” said ISAAA Chair of the Board, Paul S. Teng. Examining other benefits of biotechnology, ISAAA reports that the adoption of biotech crops has reduced CO2 emissions equal to removing approximately 12 million cars from the road annually in recent years; conserved biodiversity by removing 19.4 million hectares of land from agriculture in 2015; and decreased the environmental impact with a 19% reduction in herbicide and insecticide use.
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Additionally, in developing countries, planting biotech crops has helped alleviate hunger by increasing the incomes for 18 million small farmers and their families, bringing improved financial stability to more than 65 million people.
08
crop adoption rates, advances are being realized. In 2016, South Africa and Sudan increased the planting of biotech maize, soybean and cotton to 2.66 million hectares from 2.29 million hectares in 2015. Elsewhere on the continent, a new wave of acceptance is emerging as Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, Swaziland and Uganda make advances in regulatory review and commercial approvals for a variety of biotech crops. Also in 2016, Brazil increased biotech area of maize, soybean, cotton and canola by 11% – maintaining its ranking as the second largest producer of biotech crops after the United States. For 2016, ISAAA also reports that there were improvements in the commercialization and plantings of biotech fruits and vegetables which includes the Innate Russet Burbank Gen 2 potatoes, the Simplot Gen 1 White Russet brand potatoes and Arctic Apples. Some more facts about biotech crops: !
Eight countries in Asia and the Pacific, including China and India, grew 18.6 million hectare of biotech crops in 2016.
!
10 countries in Latin America, including Paraguay and Uruguay, grew a combined 80 million hectares of biotech crops in 2016.
!
In 2016, the leading countries growing biotech crops continued to be represented by the United States, Brazil, Argentina, Canada and India. Combined, these five countries planted 91% of the global biotech crop area.
!
Four countries in Europe -- Spain, Portugal, Czech Republic Slovakia -- grew more than 136,000 hectares of biotech maize in 2016, an increase of 17% from 2015, reflecting EU's need for insect resistant maize.
!
Biotech crops with stacked traits accounted for 41% of global area, second only to herbicide tolerance at 47%.
“Biotechnology is one of the tools necessary in helping farmers grow ! more food on less land,” explained ISAAA Global Coordinator Randy Hautea. “However, the promises of biotech crops can only be unlocked if farmers are able to buy and plant these ! crops, following a scientific approach to regulatory reviews and approvals.” As more varieties of biotech crops are approved and commercialized for use by farmers, ISAAA expects to see adoption rates continue to climb and to benefit farmers in developing countries. For example, among African nations where regulatory processes have traditionally created barriers to biotech
Biotech soybean varieties accounted for 50% of global biotech crop area. Based on global area for individual crops, 78% of soybean, 64% of cotton, 26% of maize and 24% of canola planted in the world were biotech varieties. Countries with over 90% adoption of biotech soybean are U.S.A, Brazil, Argentina, Canada, South Africa, and Uruguay; close to or over 90% adoption of biotech maize are USA, Brazil, Argentina, Canada, South Africa, and Uruguay; over 90% of biotech cotton are USA, Argentina, India, China, Pakistan, South Africa, Mexico, Australia, and Myanmar; and with 90% or more of biotech canola are USA and Canada.
Source: ISAAA
ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 7 | May 2017
Phytogenics: overall potential as an alternative to AGPs
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Dr. Stefan Hirtenlehner, Delacon
10
Feeding the world is an important objective since the rising global population comes with an increasing demand for food. Addressing this challenge, animal production transformed during time from a basic need to a significant economic sector: The value of global livestock production in 2013 has been estimated at about 883 billion dollars. Hence, several strategies were applied to maximize animal production with always keeping the farm's profitability in mind: besides the establishment of breeding lines selected for fast fattening animals, the development of special feed and feed additives, which are adapted to the particular needs of the target animals, represents a crucial factor for the profitability of state-of-the-art animal production. Taking the first steps with antibiotics In modern agriculture, antibiotics have been routinely used as growth promoters in animal feeding. Consequently, the widespread application of antibiotic growth promoters has strongly contributed to
the development of resistant bacteria:Already in the post war era of the later 1940s, first observations on growth promoting effects of antimicrobial substances were reported for swine and poultry. Antibiotics, such as streptomycin or sulphasuccidine, were said to increase both, feed utilization and growth rate, whilst simultaneously decreasing animals' mortality. Although not fully understood, the most important mode of action of AGPs seems to be the reduction of microbial metabolic activity in the gastrointestinal tract of target animals avoiding sub-clinical infections and also diminishes the competition for nutrients. The reduced exposure to harmful bacteria or their toxic and growth depressing metabolic products is paralleled by anatomical changes in the gut. Hence, the use of antibiotics is related to an establishment of thinner intestinal villi and reduced gut walls, both as a proof of enhanced nutrient digestibility. Also anti-inflammatory effects result in reduced metabolic costs of the immune system. Nevertheless, besides these benefits arising from AGP use, severe negative consequences come along with a widespread and non-specific intake of antimicrobial drugs. Actually, in the 1950s – only few years after the discovery of growth promoting effects of antibiotics – first reports on resistances in food animals came up. Today, the rate of establishing resistances increases above an unnatural level. As a result, antibacterial drugs have become less effective or even ineffective with negative
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 |3Issue 7 |7May 2017 Think Grain Think Feed - Volume | Issue | May 2017
Going away from AGPs However, by focusing on the essential short-term effect of a fast growing livestock, the management of long-term consequences on animal and human health in view of in-feed antibiotics was underestimated over years. In the last decades a rethinking is taking place and with an increasing consumers' demand for only safe products to appear in the food-chain, highest authorities of several countries counteract the use of antibiotics in sub-therapeutic quantities. In 2006, the European Union initiated the ban on the use of growth promoting infeed antibiotics in animal production for reasons of antimicrobial resistance. Currently this prohibition is gradually spreading to other countries worldwide, with the USA restricting the use of antibiotic growth promoters by 2017. Nevertheless, by today there is no sufficient solution to counteract fully the production losses arising when omitting in-feed antibiotics. It is likely that countries, which have modern production systems applying good hygiene and production practices would also see limited productivity and economic effect of phasing out AGPs. However, countries with less optimized production systems could observe larger productivity effects and as a consequence larger economic effects. Anyhow, it is worth to say that negative consequences on production level are present in increased feed conversion ratio of about 1% and a strongly reduced weight gain of -2.7% in broilers and from -2.6% (weaners) to -6% (finishers) in pigs. Addressing the question what to use instead of AGPs, the most promising approach is rather to combine different strategies than solely trusting to find one 'silver bullet'. In this manner first of all improvements in the animal management and highest hygiene standards should be established. This represents the basics to optimize further a farm's profitability with the help of
nutritional performance enhancers. The natural and safe path Research on alternatives like phytogenic feed additives has become prevalent to develop alternatives to in-feed antibiotics, as demanded by consumers and by legislation. When it comes to antibiotic-free animal production, nutritionists, veterinarians and animal producers often pursue a diet composition including phytogenic feed additives, a term coined by Delacon, in order to support the intestinal health of the animal. The wide range of modes of action of phytogenic additives can optimize nutrient digestibility and support the intestinal health. Generally speaking, phytogenic feed additives represent powdery or liquid products to be mixed into compound feed of diverse livestock animals ranging from ruminants to monogastrics, such as poultry and swine. Phytogenics are characterized by their plant-derived origin and thus being natural and proven to be safe. Phytogenic feed additives consist mainly of essential oils, bitter and pungent substances, saponins, flavonoids, mucilages and tannins, it is evident that they are not only for sensorial stimulation but are also effective and potent in influencing the physiology in various species on various levels: Phytogenics are potent to improve nutrient utilization, stimulate enzymatic acitivity and even show anti-bacterial and anti-infammatory effects. Although, phytogenics and especially essential oils are demonstrated to come up with direct anti-bacterial effects, but occurring only at high concentrations and thus are unattractive to be processed into commercial feed additives for economic and/or sensorial reasons. Nevertheless, even in small amounts various plantderived essential oils effectively interfere with a regulation system of bacteria, the so-called Quorum Sensing, which is crucial for the formation of a stable biofilm and hence, represents an essential factor in the infection process of pathogenic bacteria. Thus, these phytogenic components are potent to disturb the adhesion and colonization of pathogens via their anti-quorum sensing effects even in a low concentration, which can be used for feed additive production and which would not show any direct bactericidal consequences. Conclusion In view of this wide spectrum of different modes of actions, phytogenic feed additives using plant extracts are more effective compared to chemical nature-identical substances. This advantage is based on the synergistic effects of all agents within a plant, which have not been reduced to the effects of a single lead substance. Hence, an elaborated blend of different phytogenic components results in highly powerful natural feed additives, which are – together with highest standards in hygiene and livestock management – a promising solution supporting to compensate the consequences of withdrawing antibiotic growth promoters. References upon request *Delacon is the manufacturer of phytogenic feed additives.
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impacts not only for industrial agriculture, but also for human medicine. A recent report from the World Health Organization warns that many infectious diseases may soon be untreatable due to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and that antibiotic failure will convert minor community and hospital problems into fatal diseases.
11
Image Source: yeastsolutions
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Challenges faced by Indian Dairy sector in different segments
12
Dr. Capt Tanweer Alam is an entrepreneurial executive with over 18 years of experience of serving animal/feed industry. Besides that, he has a 5 years experience of serving in Indian Army in Remount & Veterinary Corps. Presently, he is working with Kemin Industries South Asia as Director - Sales & Marketing for Ruminant Division, In an e-interview with "Think Grain Think Feed", he shares his observations about upcoming Indian dairy farming model, problems that are plaguing the dairy production and much more. Excerpts from the interview:
Compared to poultry farming in India, which is very much organized, the dairy farming in India still remains hugely an unorganized sector. In your opinion, what could be the way forward for the dairy farming to grow faster and on commercial lines like the way poultry farming does. For a profitable dairy farming, following four factors are important: 1.
Cost effective and nutritionally balanced feed for animals
2.
Reproductive efficiency of the herd with sound heifer management
3.
Captive and entrepreneurial marketing acumen of milk and milk product
4.
'Optimum usage of technology' available for herd management and genetics (the key is optimum and one should not get too much obsessive on these)
Off late, we are seeing an influx of serious player in this field who are very cognizant of all these factors. Most of them start with herd size of 50-60 animals and after setting the house in order, they graduate and add up more animals depending upon their investment prowess. They are emerging as role models for many dairy
enthusiasts and I am seeing that this trend will continue and eventually we will be having a sizeable semi-organized and organized dairy farms. To substantiate with data, of approx. 150 MMT milk produced in India as of now, 90% comes from rural area and of this almost 80% comes from unorganized and backyard farms. In next decade or so, I assume that at least 40% of milk production will come from organized and semiorganized farms. One of the contributory factors behind this trend is the increased consumption of value added milk and milk products which is facilitating the farmers and producers to fetch better realization price of milk. When the farmer gets a better realization price of his milk, then he is more open for improving the nutritional optimization of feed and fodder and that indeed improves the milk production. This organic graduation of dairy farmers from unorganized to organized mindset of dairy farming is the most exciting phenomena in Indian dairy scenario, which has already begun, and now slowly picking up. Entry of large scale private milk congregators is also adding a positive competition in the milk collection ecosystem, which hitherto was mainly
For the backyard farms, the main challenge is the reluctance in acceptance of balanced nutrition for their animals. Most of them still feed their animals in the traditional way with unbalanced feed, forage and supplements and this leads to less than expected milk output from the animals. The answer towards improvement lies in educating the farmers on the importance of balanced nutrition as per DMI / Protein /Energy needs. The industry players are adding a lot of focus on such extension activities but still lot more is needed to be done. For semi-organized dairy farms, the key challenge is the improvement in the herd efficiency and maintaining the consistent milk production round the year. The solution lies in having a robust transition management and reproduction efficiency management. Also using quality and branded feed as per the life cycle need of the animals will also help.
With the adoption of vertical integration as the main business model, we have seen a catapulted growth of poultry market in India and in a way these state cooperatives and private milk congregators are also now following the same model with a stronger backward integration (under which they are focusing on feed, genetics, vet services, heifer management etc for the animals of their members who pour milk in their milk collection centers) as well as they are also strengthening the forward integration (in which they are focusing of marketing of value added milk and milk products with better value realization and in turn passing on the benefit to the farmers by steadily increasing the milk procurement price). In your view, which is the main problem plaguing the dairy production sector and what are your suggestions for improvement?
Please comment up on Kemin portfolio for dairy animals. Kemin has a very strong commitment to serve the Worldwide Dairy market with the 'TOTAL NUTRITION' concept and in partnership with our customers, we offer a range of inspired molecular solutions to help the dairy farmers improve their farm productivity. The key offerings from our side include a range of propionate minerals (Kemtrace), encapsulated rumen protected amino acids (PEARLs) , Bye pass Fat technology (EnerFAT), Toxin management in feed to keep the milk in desired M1 level (Toxfin) etc. Also one noteworthy point is that Kemin has also contributed in getting our produced Cr approved by USFDA as daily nutritional need of dairy animals @ 500ppb per Kg diet. Can you share some statics that illustrate feed and milk prices variation in the past decade or the last 5 years?
Fortunately, for Indian market , but for some ups and downs , the milk and feed price variation is not a roller One of the initiatives of Kemin was to coaster as we often see in worldwide market. One of the look at the dairy market from the eyes of assumptions behind this resilience is supposed to be the segmentation and after defining it in admix of backyard, semi-organized and organized farms organized, semi-organized and backyard in India therefore in a way, it is a blessing in disguise. For farm categories, we are clearly seeing example, even in 2009 and 2013, when there had been a that the challenges with each of these sharp drop on WW milk prices, still in India, we were not segments are different. affected to that extent . As a matter of fact, the monsoon and Agri crop output leaves a larger impact on us. For
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governed by state run cooperatives.
For organized dairy farms, the key challenge is the economic availability of forage and maximizing the Income over Feed Cost on day to day basis. The solution lies in having a robust silage and TMR facility. Also, it is critical to have an excellent forward integration with the market, for being able to sell the output as value added milk and milk products with better realization price of the produce.
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INTERVIEW
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 7 | May 2017
instance, in 2015, the economics of bad cotton crop had affected the cattle feed pricing as the cotton seed cake price, one of the ingredients in cattle feed, that time had increased to Rs 2200 per quintal from Rs 1450 per quintal a year ago. Around the same time, DORB price also had sky rocketed. And as a double whammy, the milk price had dropped by a few Rupee because of poor monsoon and the market sentiment had been down. This year, with the expectations of normal monsoon, the horizon looks positive.
crops also needs encouragement. And above all, ensiling the green fodder when its available in abundance for usage in scarce time is one of the best solutions. Most of the organized dairy farmers have understood the importance of silage in managing the cost economics of fodder. I see that the market of silage, silage innoculants and haylage will see its hey days ahead. It is not only the conventional crops like green fodder maize, fodder sorghum, bajra, hybrid napier, sugarcane tops etc which are used for silage making, but unconventional ones like sugar beet pulp is also catching its prominence. You believe in increasing the pie of market , rather than marketing the pie of market. Please elaborate on this in relation to south Asian Market .
Feed shall continue to remain the critical area. At present less than 20 % of the requirement for cattle feed is met by the cattle feed industry. Do you see any increase in this figure in the use of compound feed by Indian dairy Farmers?
In South Asian market, India itself has more than 50 million milch animals and having only a handful of established players in nutritional feed supplement, we need to look at the market with blue ocean strategy perspective rather than red ocean perspective. We at Kemin, work on the concept of defining the biological potential of the market and with our confidence of delivering at least 1:2 Return on Investment with our If we consider around 50 Million milch animals in India then we need at least 50 product and services, the market potential looks immense. Million MT of compound cattle feed per At the rate of Rs 10 usage potential of feed supplements annum, however, we are producing only per milking animal per day, we believe that there is a around 8-10 MMT compound cattle feed market of approx Rs 10,000 Cr for feed supplements in per annum. Clearly, there is a immediate India alone and if we add the market potential of other 5 times need gap existing. The mood of south Asian countries, primarily Bangladesh, then the market potential will further swell. The existing animal the players who understand this trend , feed supplement market by the present players is just a is very upbeat. We can see the small fraction of this number. Hence me and my team aggressive CAPEX increase of many firmly believe in increasing the pie of market rather than established players along with entry of fighting for taking the share of existing pie. new and large corporate into this segment. Kemin happens to be the pioneer in the production of
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The non availability of green fodder throughout the year is one of the major problems faced by Indian dairy farmers. What essential steps would you recommend to increase green fodder production/ availability for the dairy farmers?
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Mould Inhibitors. Would like you to throw some light about the product technology which gives the company an edge over its competitors
The Safety platform of products from Kemin offers a range of solutions for keeping the feed safe from the growth of moulds during the shelf life of the feed. We have a program called MillSMARTTM which facilitates the Non availability of fodder, specially green cattle feed millers in not only producing the feed from their mill with better mill efficiency, but it also supports in fodder round the year is an established keeping the moisture of feed in bounded form with fact. It is estimated that by 2025, going by the present way of cultivation pattern, gelatinization and the mold inhibitors help check the there will be 65% deficit of green fodder. growth of moulds which may produce zearalenone and As a strategy to overcome this situation, aflatoxins, which affects the reproductive and productive there has to be more usage of high yield efficiency of animals, respectively. We handhold our customers in end to end solutions on mould control, fodder varieties for cultivation and integrating the services of our Customer Laboratory thankfully some of the organizations, in both Govt. and Private sectors are taking Services, and MillSMART engineers alongwith our sales good initiatives in coming out with high and technical team, so that the desired results are achieved for keeping the feed safe from moulds with yield varieties. Cultivating in wastelands value addition in mill efficiency improvement. and community cultivation of fodder
INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 |3Issue 7 |7May 2017 Think Grain Think Feed - Volume | Issue | May 2017
New feed ingredients futures trading in NCDEX portfolio The National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange Ltd. (NCDEX) recently announced the commencement of trading in rapeseed mustard oilcake futures. The introduction of this contract, will give the mustard value chain participants an effective tool to manage their price risk and get transparent and relevant price signals. Samir Shah, Managing Director and CEO, NCDEX, said, “It has been our constant endeavour to provide a stronger, broad based product offering, which adds economic value to agri businesses. The addition of Rapeseed Mustard Oilcake to the product basket is aimed at offering an exhaustive and wholesome risk management offering to the market. We are encouraged by the continued support of the industry and look forward to the successful launch of the contract ”
Since mustard seed comprises about 60-65 % of cake, the availability of an intermediary price benchmark helps the entire mustard value chain from farmers, traders to millers, exporters and the entire feed industry which is the biggest demand driver for rapeseed meal. The oilcake, which is produced by crushing of mustard seed is consumed as cattle feed. Deoiled cake (DOC), which is obtained on processing of the oilcake is exported. India, being among the top 3 producers of mustard seed and one of the leading exporters of DOC, the availability of a national price benchmark will help the feed industry. Rapeseed Mustard seed Oilcake is a compulsory delivery contract and is included in the “List C” commodities, with a transaction charge of Rs. 0.10 per lakh of trade and no risk management fee, making it a highly cost effective contract for the trade. Rapeseed Mustard seed Oilcake expiring in the months of May, June, July & August 2017 are available for trading since April 24, 2017. The delivery centres are Jaipur, Alwar, Kota and Sri Ganganagar Source: Economicstimes
Japan imports Chinese corn Japanese feed makers see expensive imports as 'temporary solution'
farmers at high prices, have grown to as much as 150 million to 250 million tons.
Japan imported China-grown corn for livestock feed for the first time since February 2010 in March in order to ease shortages, according to the Japanese Ministry of Finance.
Nevertheless, many Japanese producers see imports from China as nothing more than a stopgap. Prices of Chinese corn in March stood at around 27,600 yen ($248.10) per ton - 20% more than American corn, and 40% more than Brazilian. "Considering the price of Chinese corn, import is a temporary solution to meet the shortage. We are not planning to keep using Chinese corn at this price," said a major feed company. Source: asia.nikkei
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Japanese livestock farms have suffered from a shortage of grain after heavy snowstorms in January and February caused massive export delays in the U.S. -- the world's leading grain producer. Delays to imports sparked concern among Japanese livestock farmers that the corn supply could dry up and pushed Japanese trading houses to import the grain from China. Import volume from China totaled 17,935 tons in March. Japanese animal feed manufacturers are happy to see Chinese corn return for the first time in almost seven years. "The quality was surprisingly good," said one fodder maker. This is good news for China too, where the government is struggling with overstocked corn. Inventories, which the government had bought from
Image Source: Financial Times
15
PELLETING TIPS
Image Source: glw-feeds
Impact of feed raw materials on pellet quality
www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
Ramesh Subramonian, Borregaard SEA
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While a lot of work is done on choosing raw materials and optimizing formulations for making animal feed, the importance of pellet quality is a vital aspect for optimum animal performance and reducing feed wastage. The Feed Pellet Quality Factor (FPQF), which indicates how well a feed formulation is likely to pellet is a proprietary information validated over a period of time and now available to the feed industry. It is well established that high quality pellets can withstand repeated handling and can remain intact during bagging, transportation, storage, and moving in feed lines without excessive breakage or generation of fine particles. The present article discusses how feed pellet quality is impacted by raw materials changes and also gives some guidelines to minimize variability of feed pellet quality. Pellet quality & FCR Good quality pellets result in homogenous feed, reduced wastage, reduced segregation, improved palatability and allows animals to consume the bulk of their meals in less time. Pellets high in fines and with a low
pellet durability index (PDI) usually result in a higher FCR (Table 1 Ref: J. Quentin, et. al.m, J. Appl. Poul. Res. 2004. 13:540-548) Factors affecting pellet quality: In today's dynamic world, Nutritionists face the challenge of formulating feeds using available raw materials at the lowest possible cost while meeting the feed specifications, while the production managers face the challenge of producing the good quality pellets from these ingredients at the optimum mill setting. Pellet quality is proportionally dependent on several factors, with diet / feed formulation being the most important.
Figure 1: Factors affecting pellet quality Cooling & drying5%
Die specification 15%
Diet formulation 40%
Conditioning 20%
Particle size 20%
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 |3Issue 7 |7May 2017 Think Grain Think Feed - Volume | Issue | May 2017
Body weight gain (g/bird)
FCR(g/g)
450
3,5
Live weight gain (g/bird)
400 3 350 2,5
300 250
2
200 1,5 150 1
100 0
20
40
60
80
100
Proportion of fine particles in feed* (%) quality is equally important as that of starch.
Pellet durability may be improved by manipulation of the formulation (raw materials and feed additives). Raw materials affect pellet quality depending on their “binding properties� and its proportion in the formulation. Unfortunately, corn-soy diets are not the ideal diets to achieve good pellet quality. Dietary inclusion of wheat grain or wheat by-products can increase PDI, because of the high protein (gluten) and hemicellulose content of wheat in comparison to corn or corn co-products. From our experience we know that starch gelatinization is the most important factor for achieving the desired pellet quality. We also observe that the temperature, moisture and conditioning time under normal pelleting conditions in Asia are not enough to get the desired level of gelatinization of natural raw materials. Also, recent reports indicate that the positive impact of protein on pellet
High starch containing raw materials like wheat generally contribute to good quality pellets. Feed stuffs like skim milk powder and tapioca also have a positive effect on pellet quality but usually find challenges in throughput and results in choking if the pellet mill settings are not correct. Addition of oil would improve the throughput but has limitations and will usually deteriorate pellet quality at high inclusion levels. Pelleting aids have been used to improved pellet quality and throughput when needed. Calculating the FPQF The FPQF is a tool developed by Borregaard Lignotech to be used as a guideline to predict the pellet quality of a feed formulation. Each feed ingredient has a pellet quality factor (PQF). The PQF has a score from 0 to 10, where 0 predicts poor pellet quality and 10 good pellet quality. The FPQF of virtually all raw materials fall between 0 and 10, the exceptions are fat (vegetable oil) at -40 and Borregaard LignoTech's range of pelleting aids from 25 to
Table 2: Effects of feedstuff components on physical pellet quality and possible explanations Component
Physical Pellet Quality*
Explanation*
Fat
Added fat decreases pellet quality
Hydrophobic and lubricative nature affects binding and pressure
Starch
Generally increases pellet quality
Starch gelatinization positively affects pellet binding
Fibre (insoluble) Effect dependent on processing
Sufficient grinding and conditioning causes increased physical quality
Protein
Increases physical pellet quality
Protein denaturation positively affects pellet binding
Moisture
Increases physical pellet quality
Increases starch gelatinisationand may increase protein denaturation
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Diet or Feed formulation
Dietary inclusion of oil has a positive effect on animal growth but an adverse effect on pellet quality. This is attributed to the coating effect of oil to the feed particles, which prevents their penetration by steam. This has an impact on digestibility. Oil also reduces the friction generated between die and the feed particles, which subsequently reduces the compression pressure required to produce good pellets and also decreases the starch gelatinization rate. Inclusion of natural pelleting aids can help overcome these bottlenecks and improve pellet quality, increase pellet throughput and lower the power consumption.
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PELLETING TIPS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 7 | May 2017
Add ingredient
!
FPQF value below 4.7 suggests pellet quality problems wherein production parameters may need to be adjusted to achieve desired pellet quality and consider using a natural pelleting aid.
!
FPQF higher than 4.7 indicates that the pellet quality would most likely be good but production rate can be increased or maximized.
!
The FPQF values listed are based on vast experience of the company and practical observations made by the Technical team over many decades. However, feed raw material quality is subject to geographical origin, variety of seed, seasonality etc. and may vary from time to time. If you see a change in your production without a formulation change it may be that the specification of one of your raw materials has changed. FPQF results also depend on feedmill factors as well as raw material factors. There is no such thing as a standard feedmill, so the same raw material will behave differently in separate mills under varying processing conditions.
Start typing in the field below to add ingredient:
Couldn’t find it? click to see all ingredients Enter amount of ingredient in percent. Up to two decimals are allowed: 0
0
%
Add>>
Ingredient
%
PQF
FPQF
Rice (rough)
35.00
5.00
1.75
Maize meal
16.00
5.00
0.80
Soyabean meal HIPRO
30.00
4.00
1.20
Vegetable oil (added before die) 0.50
-40.00
-0.20
Fish meal white
5.00
4.00
0.20
Troubleshooting during Pelleting
Minerals + Vitamins
3.50
2.00
0.07
Rice bran
10.00
2.00
0.20
Even though you have a high FPQF but still not getting the desired pellet quality, it is therefore important to look into the other factors affecting pellet quality (figure1):
Totals:
100%
4.02
!
484.14
30.26
kg/m3
lb/ft3
Conditioning: Different formulations require different conditioning parameters. It is important to identify the ideal meal temperature, steam pressure, and conditioning time. Orientation of the paddles in the barrels is also important to allow better incorporation of the steam in the meal
!
Die specification: As a general rule the thicker the die and the smaller the pellet size the better the pellet quality. Pellet size is largely determined by the species to which it has to be fed.
Bulk density:
50. As these raw materials affect pellet quality significantly at very low inclusion rates, they have been given values outside the normal scale.
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We can estimate the FPQF for each ! ingredient by multiplying the PQF by the % of inclusion of the feed ingredient in the formula (Figure 2). The overall FPQF equals the sum of the FPQF of all ingredients used in the formulation.
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In order to enable feed producers to calculate the FPQF of their feeds, an online version of the Feed Pellet Quality Factor calculator is launched*. Simply register to get free access, type the name of the formulation, then click the create button to start choosing ingredients and add the % inclusion for each ingredient in your feed formulation. Once the recipe is complete, i.e. you have reached 100%, the Feed Pellet Quality Factor of the formulation is calculated and shown. It will also show the bulk density of the formulation. The formulations and entries have privacy protection and can be accessed by the registered users only. Borregaard LignoTech sees 4.7 as a 'reference' FPQF-value.
!
Particle size: As a general rule, the finer the grind the better the pellet quality as there is a larger surface area for the raw materials to be conditioned. However this will lead to higher grinding costs. The grist spectrum should also be analyzed to determine if finer grind is needed especially for the raw materials which are high in starch, depending upon the type of animal species to which it is to be fed. Cooling and drying: Removing excess heat and moisture after pelleting is ideal to prevent mold growth. Excess free moisture inside the pellets will travel within the pellets, which would eventually lead to pellet breakage. Test for feed moisture content (ideal 10-12%) and water activity (ideal Aw < 0.6).
Conclusion Although a high FPQF indicates that the outcome would be a good PDI, this is not always the case. In such instances along with adding a reliable pelleting aid, having a look at the other pelleting parameters can go a long way in achieving optimum pellet quality and efficiency. * FPQF calculator can be accessed at www.fpqfcalculator.com For further information, author can be contacted at ramesh.subramonian@borregaard.com
INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 |3Issue 7 |7May 2017 Think Grain Think Feed - Volume | Issue | May 2017 Image Source: Bayer India
Thai feed mill association negotiates import policy for feed wheat
According to USDA, the TFMA wants the government to reconsider the corn absorption rates for feeds which do not typically use corn, such as fish feed, shrimp feed, and pet food. However, the government is reportedly considering an exemption only for the shrimp feed industry and may allow them to import approximately 110,000 tonnes of feed wheat without being required to use domestic corn. This figure is based on the amount of feed wheat that has historically been imported for shrimp feed production, and accounts for 10% to 20% of the total shrimp feed ration. The government is also considering a 2:1 domestic corn absorption rate for a pet food producer that requires approximately 20,000 tonnes of feed
wheat annually. The Ministry of Commerce in consultation with the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives' Department of Livestock Development and Department of Fishery is seeking cabinet approval, which may be granted in the next couple of months. The new feed wheat import regulations have caused a significant reduction in Thai feed wheat imports. During January â&#x20AC;&#x201C; February 2017, imports of feed wheat totaled 226,170 tonnes, down 60% from the same period last year, with the quantity imported from the Ukraine declining 86%. For the first eight months of market year 2016-17, all wheat imports totaled 2.9 million tonnes, the USDA said. This is a 7% reduction from the same period in market year 2015-16 due mainly to the reduction in imported feed wheat, which declined to approximately 2.1 million tonnes, down 8% from the same period in market year 2015-16. Also, imports of milling wheat declined approximately 4% due to lower imports of Canadian wheat due to concerns about crop quality. Meanwhile, U.S. wheat imports increased to approximately 0.4 million tonnes, up 4% from the same period of market year 2015-16. The report forecast declining wheat imports of 3.6 million tonnes in market year 2016-17 and 3 million tonnes in market year 2017-18 due to the reduction in feed wheat imports. In addition to the new import regulations, the sale of government feed-quality rice stocks of around 1.6 million tonnes in April 2017 will reduce import demand for feed wheat in swine feed rations as the price of feed quality rice stocks is 30% to 35% lower than the price for imported feed wheat. Source: USDA
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Thai Feed Mill Association (TFMA) is negotiating with its government over the new import regulations on feed wheat that were implemented in January 2017. The new regulations require feed mills to purchase domestic corn prior to importing feed wheat, at a 3:1 domestic absorption rate of imported feed wheat/domestic corn, according to a report from the Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).
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Image Source: Electricity Today
ARTICLE
Organic chromium supplementation for fighting heat stress in poultry Dr. SurajAmrutkar, SKUAST-J, Dr.SuhasAmrutkar, Parbhani Veterinary College and Dr.BhartiDeshmukh, KCVAS
www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
Introduction:
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Heat stress produces detrimental effect on production efficiency and meat characteristics in broilers. Trivalent chromium is an essential element in the animal body and is involved in carbohydrate, lipid, protein and nucleic acid metabolic function. Chromium is also a cofactor of insulin which promotes insulin activity and enhances amino acid uptake into muscular cells for protein synthesis. Stress increases urinary excretion of chromium and may exacerbate a marginal chromium deficiency. Dietary chromium supplementation has been reported to have a positive effect on meat quality and carcass traits of broiler chicks in natural or heat stress condition. One of the methods used to alleviate the effect of high environmental temperature on the performance of broilers is dietary manipulation with various agents. In this respect, trivalent chromium is added to the poultry diet because of
the reported benefits of chromium supplementation for broiler chickens under heat stress and such conditions increase chromium metabolism in tissues, the product of which are irreversibly excreted through the urine.Trivalent chromium is a well-known essential trace element in human and other animals and is a component of glucose tolerance factor, which participates in glucose metabolism by enhancing the effect of insulin. Trivalent chromium improves insulin effectiveness by enhancing it's binding to receptors and thus increasing the sensitivity of the target cell. Chromium from organic complexes such as chromium picolinate, nicotinate and high chromium yeast is absorbed more efficiently (by about 25-30%) than inorganic compound including chromium chloride (CrCl3), which are poorly absorbed (1-3%) regardless of the dose levels or dietary chromium status. Chromium-L-methionine is a newly available organic chromium source. Most feedstuffs are deficient in chromium and moreover its digestion and utilization in the digestive tract are low. The absorption and utilization of chromium may be dependent upon its association with organic molecules. One of the most absorbable and effective chromium compounds in the digestive tract is known as chromium picolinate.
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 7 | May 2017
v)
Chromium Picolinate
vi) Chromium Yeast
There are six known sources of organic chromium compounds: i)
Chromium-L-Methionine
ii)
Chromium Nicotinate
iii) Chromium Chelate iv) Chromium Proteinate
Metabolic effect: Chromium stimulates the function of insulin through increasing insulin sensitive cell receptors. In Japanese quail supplemented with chromium, it was observed that there was an increased insulin and decreased corticosterone under heat stress. Increased supplemental chromium resulted in decreased serum corticosterone and increased insulin, consequently, serum glucose and cholesterol declined and protein concentration was elevated in heat stressed broilers. Insulin regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, and stimulates the uptake of amino acids, protein synthesis and glucose utilization. Chromium supplementation decreases serum cholesterol and glucose concentrations in heat stressed Japanese quails. The improvement in the cholesterol profile may be due to an augmented insulin action that reduces lipolysis and increases the incorporation of fatty acids in the adipocytes or increases liver LDL receptors which results in reduced LDL and increased HDL concentrations. Chromium may have a role in improving cholesterol levels through facilitating the activity of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), thus, accelerating the esterification and excretion of cholesterol. It reduces protein contents in the thigh muscle and decreases fat and cholesterol levels in broilers reared under heat stress conditions. Antioxidant effect: Environmental stress has been associated with the
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Dietary chromium can increase lipoprotein lipase activity and eventually decrease the content of triglycerides rich lipoproteins. Dietary chromium can also increase liver LDL receptors, thereby reducing the LDL content and concomitantly the HDL proportion is increased. Chromium is also considered as anti-stress factor and increases immune capability. Chromium excretion may increase 10300 folds in stress situations. This also becomes nutritionally important because in such condition, it is necessary to increase the trace element concentration in the diet. However, an appropriate recommendation on the chromium requirement for poultry has not been made NRC (1994), and most poultry diets are basically composed of plant origin ingredients which have usually a low content of chromium. Inorganic chromium such as chromic chloride and chromic oxide are poorly absorbed in animals; absorption ranges from 0.4 to 3 % or less, regardless of dose and dietary chromium status.
Researches on animals have confirmed that chromium from organic complex is absorbed more efficiently, about 25-30% more than inorganic compound. Brewer's yeast is an example of natural chromium yeast. Typically, it contains approximately 2 ppm of organic chromium.Chromium is an essential mineral as well as integral component of an oligopeptide low molecular weight. Chromatin binding substance, chromodulin acts as part of the insulin signalling process across cell membranes. Stimulation of insulin's action, which is directly proportional to the chromium content of the chromodulin, occurs without a change in the insulin concentration required for half maximal activity. Dietary chromium supplementation has showing positive effect on growth performance and feed conversion ratio in growing poultry. It improves immunological responses in broilers. In broilers, trivalent organic chromium supplementation results in improved growth rate, feed efficiency, meat yield and carcass quality with reduced carcass fat. Stress condition and disease occurrence increase urinary excretion of chromium and may exacerbate a marginal chromium deficiency. Organic sources of chromium can be absorbed 20-30% times than inorganic ones.
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ARTICLE
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 7 | May 2017
increased production of free radicals which damage cells and result in increased morbidity and mortality in poultry. Heat stress causes exhaustion of antioxidant reserves due to an increased level of lipid peroxidation in the serum and liver. Heat stress triggers the secretion of inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6-c reactive protein and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFa).It has been postulated that lipid peroxidation is influenced by insulin metabolism and therefore, chromium may function as an antioxidant. In heat stressed Japanese quail, there was a decrease in serum MDA (malondialdehyde) when chromium was supplemented in the diet. Chromium pic supplementation in Japanese quail, increased serum vit-C and E and decreased MDA concentration in the serum, liver and muscles. A reduction in MDA levels is related to inhibition of epinephrine resulting from insulin tropic effect of chromium which consequently thwarts lipid mobilization.
affects chromium status in poultry by decreasing its retention in serum and increasing its excretion. In addition, organic chromium has been found to have more beneficial effects in heat stress birds as compared to inorganic forms due to its increased absorption and bioavailability.
negligible and its absorption is poor. Additionally, chromium levels are low in the grain used in the formulation of poultry ration. Under stressful conditions, the mobilization of chromium is increased from tissue and its excretion is increased, thus the demand for this mineral is further exacerbated. Heat stress adversely
Conclusions:
Growth and feed efficiency:
Protein digestibility is reduced by high environmental temperatures. Heat stress decreases the flow of nutrients from the crop down into the intestines and deactivates some important digestive enzymes like trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase. Under high ambient temperatures, feed intake and growth rates are affected through arrested thyroid activity and oxygen consumption. Heat exposed birds reduce their feed intake to alleviate thethermogenic effect associated with impaired nutrient absorption, assimilation and utilization, leading to depressed productive performance in poultry. Inclusion of chromium in the basal diet of poultry was shown to improve the performance characteristics during period of heat stress.Increasing chromium (200-1200µg/kg) supplementation improved body weight, feed intake and feed efficiency in Japanese quail reared under heat stress (32.5°C). Chromium supplementation at the rate of 4-8mg/kg diet increased feed intake and feed efficiency in Japanese quail reared under high ambient Chromium-an essential nutrient: temperature (34°C).Feeding 1500ppb chromium to Heat stress has been associated with broiler reared under heat stress conditions (33°C) depressed growth in meat type birds increased weight gain and improved feed efficiency. Egg and a decline in egg production and production, egg weight, shell thickness, specific gravity quality in laying hens. During heat and Haugh units can improve when Japanese quail were stress, feed intake tends to decrease, supplemented with an inorganic chromium salt under thus the availability of certain important high ambient temperature. minerals is reduced. Chromium (Cr) is High ambient temperature reduces feed intake, live one such mineral which is required for weight gain and feed efficiency; thus negatively maintaining growth performance in influencing the performance of broilers. High ambient poultry due to its role in growth, temperature also reduces thyroid activity in poultry. metabolism, and alleviationof lipid Plasma T3 and T4, important growth promoter in peroxidation. The available scientific animals and are reduced at high temperature. In literature on chromium has addition, heat stress stimulates the release of documented the beneficial effects of corticosterone and catecolamines and initiates lipid this essential mineral in improving peroxidation in cell. During heat stress, plasma protein poultry performance under conditions of environmental heat stress. Chromium is reduced and markedly increased blood glucose concentrations. Such high ambient temperature results is essential for the metabolism of in decreases in serum vitamin and mineral carbohydrates, protein and lipids. In concentrations in poultry as well as in human. poultry, chromium intake is often Chromium supplementation helps in restoring the reduction in performance, productivity, nutrient digestibility, immune status and antioxidant profile as a consequence of exposure to heat stress. Hence, it is one of the very important components in the poultry feed during times of heat stress and thus, has a significant role to play in poultry production and performance during such a situation.
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 |3Issue 7 |7May 2017 Think Grain Think Feed - Volume | Issue | May 2017
INDUSTRY NEWS
Green tribunal wants report on crop burning from Punjab, Haryana & Uttar Pradesh Agricultural fires in the fields of A study by IIT Kanpur has listed stubble burning as the neighbouring states, particularly Punjab third highest contributor to Delhi's winter air-pollution, and Haryana, are a major contributor to after construction dust and vehicular fumes. the deteriorating air quality of Delhi. The green court had earlier fixed the environment The National Green Tribunal on compensation amounts per incident of crop burning to Wednesday asked Punjab, Haryana and be paid by small land owners having less than two acres Uttar Pradesh to file status reports on of land at R 2,500, medium land owners holding over actions taken by the respective state two acres and less than five acres at R 5,000 and those governments to stop crop burning. owning over five acres at R 15,000. Agricultural fires in the fields of It had also directed the state governments to take neighbouring states, particularly Punjab coercive and punitive action against persistent and Haryana, are a major contributor to defaulters of crop residue burning and asked them to the deteriorating air quality of Delhi. withdraw the assistance provided to such farmers. A bench headed by NGT chairperson Justice Swatanter Kumar on Wednesday came down heavily on the three states after fresh incidents of summer-crop burning were brought to its notice on Wednesday.
It had said that the five states -- Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and Delhi -- which have issued notifications prohibiting agriculture crop residue burning should ensure that these are enforced rigorously and proper action is taken against the defaulters.
The Supreme Court-appointed Environment Pollution Prevention and Control Authority (EPCA) in April had also expressed concern over the crop burning gaining pace in the northern region. The EPCA, which has been spearheading crucial antipollution measures, warned the state The counsel of Punjab claimed that the governments of the northern state has distributed at least 600 machines for sowing wheat without any states to “stop burning of rice residue and at least R 86 being in denial” crore have been spent on the machines. and get their act The bench, however, lashed out at him together. According to saying, “It is a plain and simple lie. Everybody is a foul person. Show us the satellite data, as pointed out by investment proof. Bring in the farmers EPCA, the who received the machines.” agricultural The NGT's order came on a plea by landscape of environmentalist Vikrant Tongad who Punjab and had sought a ban on burning of Haryana is agricultural waste and remnants in dotted with fires open fields. billowing out The pollution caused by these fires pollutant-laden travel to Delhi because of the westerly smoke as winds, causing major health concerns farmers have set among people, say environment fire to the experts. residues of the Apart from the lungs, the smoke also Rabi crop to affects the brain, eyes and the nervous usher in the system, say doctors. Kharif season.
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“Let them file an affidavit saying how many machines have been purchased with complete details, the farmers who received the machines either freely or against a nominal charge, where was the crop residue being treated and the quantity of biomass produced,” the bench directed.
Source: hindustantimes
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INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 7 | May 2017
cargillfeed.com.vn
Another aqua feed plant by Cargill in Vietnam - a critical aquaculture market Cargill inaugurated and put into operation its 10th aquafeed plant in Vietnam recently. The new plant, located in the premises of Cargill's existing animal feed factory in the northern province of Hà Nam, is the second aquaculture feed line in the north of Vietnam. With production capacity of 3,000 tonnes per month, this modern production line focuses on high quality extruded feed products for tilapia and other local fish species to meet the growing demand for floating fish feeds. The new factory will also help Cargill Vietnam improve its customer service capabilities in major agricultural areas in Hà N? i, Hà Nam, Thái Bình and the north central region, where a large number of farmers are rapidly switching from extensive to intensive farming.
increase output, reduce production costs per kilogramme of finished fish and minimise impact on the environment. At the ceremony, Chad Gauger, managing director of Cargill Aquaculture Nutrition Asia South, said Cargill's global innovation and expertise combined with the strong plant operations in Vietnam and commercial teams would bring exciting new technologies to help Vietnamese farmers thrive. “Vietnam is a critical aquaculture market for Cargill and we are excited to be expanding our aquaculture feed capability to our sixth plant to continue our growth in Vietnam and in Asia South,” he added. Cargill's first aquafeed line was established in Vietnam's southern city of Biên Hòa in 1998. Following its acquisition of EWOS in 2015, EWOS's manufacturing plants in Vietnam began to integrate and operate smoothly with Cargill's plant systems in the country.
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Currently, Cargill Vietnam has more than 2,000 employees working at 23 sites across the country, operating in the fields of animal feed production, providing raw material for food and beverage In addition, it will help Cargill shorten production, along with providing grains and oilseeds, delivery time for customers and enable steel trading and high protein corn. fish farmers to growth healthy seafood, Source: VNS
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Thailand: DIT to find measure to handle low price issue of corn for animal feed The Department of Internal Trade (DIT) has acknowledged the under-supply of corn for animal feed. According to DIT Director-General Nanthawan Sakuntanak, Thailand is capable of producing 4.61 million tons of animal feed corn per year, far below market demand. Animal feed producers, as well as ethanol refineries,
have resorted to importing various substitutes, such as wheat.
currently satisfactory, with a few exceptions becoming significantly more However, Ms. Nanthawan indicated that expensive. She disclosed that in the case of corn for animal feed has been oversupply, her department is planning reasonably priced. Corn kernels with several measures to support value 14.5% water content is sold for 7.9-8.0 added processes and provide additional baht per kilogram. distribution channels. In general, the DIT chief stated that the prices of agricultural products are
Source: National News Bureau of Thailand
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 |3Issue 7 |7May 2017 Think Grain Think Feed - Volume | Issue | May 2017
Nuseed prepares for commercial omega-3 canola production in US, Canada Nuseed -- a wholly owned subsidiary of Research and Development Corporation (GRDC). Australia's Nufarm -- has completed “These submissions reflect our confidence in and preparation for regulatory approvals of commitment to the science, safety and global potential its long-chain omega-3 canola. of our omega-3 program,” said Zacharias. Australian filings have been submitted, The regulatory submissions are being made to the with United States and Canadian Office of the Gene Technology Regulator (OGTR) and submissions anticipated to be filed this Food Standards Australia and New Zealand (FSANZ) in month. Pending regulatory approvals, Australia; to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency and commercialization is expected to Health Canada in Canada; and to the US Department of commence in 2018 or 2019, it said. Agriculture (USDA) and the Food and Drug “Reaching these regulatory milestones Administration (FDA) in the US. in all three countries gives us both It is anticipated that one hectare of Nuseed's canola has timing and location options as we commercialize canola based long-chain the potential to provide the omega-3 yield from 10,000 omega-3,” said Brent Zacharias, Nuseed kilograms of fish. The unique profile of the Nuseed oil group executive. ensures that it will easily fit with current market Nuseed's proprietary canola is intented practices and meet the needs of multiple end-market applications on a commercially viable basis, it said. to provide long-chain omega-3 oils, The crop will be produced under a closed-loop grain handling and oil processing system. In 2017 Nuseed intends to grow up to 4,000 acres of omega-3 canola in the US for pre-commercial production under the stewardship of the USDA notification process. Source: undercurrent
www.benisonmedia.com
similar to those found in fish oil, using a sustainable land-based source. It has been developed through collaboration between Nuseed, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the Grains
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INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 7 | May 2017
With Pastures Shrinking, India May Have To Import Milk By 2021 India may have to import milk in four years, if it cannot increase fodder supply for its 299 million cattle, as rising pressure on land reduces pastures nationwide.
is less than half (48%) of the global average: 987 kg per lactation compared to the global average of 2,038 kg per lactation.
Spurred by rising incomes, a growing population and changing food preferences, the demand for milk and milk products will grow to at least 210 million tons by 2021–22, a rise of 36% over five years, according to government estimates. To meet this demand, production must grow by 5.5% per annum, according to the State of India's Livelihood (SOIL) report. To boost milk yield, India would need to generate 1,764 million tons of fodder by 2020, according to an IndiaSpend analysis of government data. But existing sources can only manage about 900 million tons of fodder–a shortage of 49%. In the decade to 2015, milk production went up 59% from 92 million tons to 146 million tons in 2015. But fodder shortages may knock India off its position as the world's top milk producer.
The availability and quality of fodder has a direct bearing on the quantity and quality of milk productivity, the data show. All the three states that topped milk productivity in terms of gram per day–Rajasthan (704), Haryana (877) and Punjab (1,032)–had earmarked more than 10% of their cultivable land for pastures, according to the 2015 SOIL report. The national average is 337. Currently, all three types of fodder are in short supply–green (63%), dry (24%) and concentrates (76%). Only 4% of total cultivable land in India is used for fodder production, a proportion that has remained stagnant for the last four decades. Considering the demand for milk, land under fodder production needs to be doubled, according to this December 2016 report of the Parliamentary Committee on Agriculture. Shortages are forcing states to now source fodder from elsewhere. However, the availability of crop residues, the largest single source of fodder, has been impacted by increasing pressure on land and the replacement of traditional cereal crops, especially coarse ones. Crop residue includes coarse and fine straws, leguminous and pulses straws.
Given the importance of food and cash crops, it is very unlikely that the area under fodder cultivation will The milk productivity of India's livestock increase substantially, the parliamentary committee
Demand And Supply Of Fodder: An Estimate Green Fodder
Dry Fodder Supply
Demand 1200 988
1,025
1,061
Supply
Demand
1,097
1,134
800 1,170
947
26
600
600 379.9
384.5
389.9
395.2
400.6
405.9
411.3
300
Fodder (In million tonnes)
Fodder (In million tonnes)
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900
526
421
549
428
569
443
589
451
609
466
630
473
650
488
400
200
0
0 1995
2000
2005
2010
Year
2015
2020
2025
1995
Source: State of India's Livelihood report 2015
2000
2005
2010
Year
2015
2020
2025
Tel :+74952871354
INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 7 | May 2017
report said. “If India fails to achieve substantial production growth, the country would need to resort to significant imports from the world market which has the potential to cause prices to spurt since India is a large consumer,” said 2015 SOIL report To cut costs, easy access to fodder is important for small farmers Feed cost constitutes about 60-70% of operating expenses on dairy farms. Nearly 70% of India's milk production
comes from small and marginal farmers, who depend on homegrown fodder. The contribution of livestock to the incomes of landless and small farmers ranges between 20-50%, and the poorer the family, the greater the potential of dairy farming's contribution to livelihood, according to the SOIL report. Unlike agriculture, which tends to be seasonal, dairy farming provides returns through the year. It can minimise the risks agricultural households face when they run short of cash. Source: Indiaspend
Maize arrivals start in India while prices remain firm
Image Source: The Dollar Business
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Maize stocks have started arriving at yards, while prices of the produce remained firm during the previous week in the wholesale markets across the country.
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stocks are arriving at the market yards, but the prices remain high. (Reuters)
Maize stocks have started arriving at yards, while prices of the produce remained firm during the last week of April in the wholesale markets across the country, Maize harvest in India continues and according to US Grains Council. “Maize harvest in India continues and stocks are arriving at the market yards, Actual prices from various locations: but the prices remain high,” USGC Representative for Price (Rs % Change India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka Amit Sachdev said. per tonne) Delivered prices of corn from Bihar to the south region Jalgaon 14.375 0.88 of the country were quoted at Rs 15,800-16,200 per Nizamabad 15.225 2.18 tonne. Davangere 16.3 0.46 Sangli Gulabbagh
15.6 13.3
0.48 -0.75
Future prices of rabi maize, too, showed an upward trend. Price (Rs % Change per tonne) May 13.700 3.71 June July August
14.180 14.470 14.810
4.57 4.03 3.86
In the global markets, corn sowing has started in the US and about 6 per cent of the corn has been sown. The sowing is behind 5-year average, but it is just the beginning and the planting is expected to catch up, Sachdev said. In the US, prices decline during the last week in the range of 3.14–3.81 per cent on future prices as the market was under pressure due to developments in Brazil, where the sowing is in full swing due to good weather, he added. Source: financialexpress
2017-18
CALENDAR OF EVENTS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 7 | May 2017
MAY
SEPTEMBER
Feed Expo Philippines Date: 24-26 May 2017 Venue: SMX Convention Center, Pasay City, Philippines Email: michael.blancas@ubm.com Web: www.livestockphilippines.com
JUNE XXVIII FEFAC Congress 2017 Date: 7-9 June 2017 Venue: Cordoba, Spain Email: sara@grupoac.info Web: www.fefac.eu
AFIA Liquid Feed Symposium 2017 Date: 12-14 September 2017 Venue: Louisville, KY, USA Email: afia@afia.org Web: www.afia.org
Feed Additives 2017 Date: 27â&#x20AC;&#x201C;29 September 2017 Venue: Amsterdam, The Netherlands Email: olympia.theocharous@briefingmedia.com Web: www.feedadditives-global.com
FEBRUARY FVG Select 2017 Date: 13-14 June 2017 Venue: Koelnmesse, Cologne, Germany Email: maarcservices@gmail.com Web: www.fvg-select.com
Feed Tech Expo 2018 Date: 8-10 February 2018 Venue: Pune, Maharashtra, India Email: feedtechexpo@gmail.com Web: www.feedtechexpo.com
JULY AGRENA Middle East Date: 13-15 July 2017 Venue: Cairo International Exhibition Centre Email: maarcservices@gmail.com Web: www.agrena.net
AUGUST
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GRAIN TECH INDIA Date: 28-30 August 2017 Venue: BIEC, Bangalore, India Email: graintechindiagmail.com Web: www.graintechindia.com
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To list any industry event related to Grain & Feed industry please write us at info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in