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Volume 6 | Issue 01 November-2019
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Monthly Magazine for Feed Technology
EDITORIAL Monthly Magazine for Feed Technology Published by BENISON Media SCO 17, 2nd Floor, Mugal Canal Market Karnal - 132001 (Haryana) Tel: +91 184 4047817 info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 01 | November 2019
Government support needed to convert straw into complete feed blocks, rather than burn it
N
otwithstanding the fact that straws and other crop residues are low in energy,
protein and minerals and due to their
Publisher & Editor
highly fibrous nature are low in palatability and digestibility, these are
Prachi Arora prachi.a@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
still used as major roughage feed in most of the arid and semi-arid regions of the world, including India. Because of its bulky nature, its
Managing Editor
during November-December, the city of Delhi and its surrounding areas
Dr. T.K. Walli Former Head, Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI
Rupees is burnt in the field itself in many northern states of India,
transportation and handling is also difficult, risky and costly. Every year get enveloped by thick smog, as rice straw worth thousands of crores of because the farmers have to clear the field for sowing the wheat crop. No doubt, burning of straw means loss of feed resource apart from causing
Marketing & Designing
environmental pollution and soil degradation. India has some regions
Ashwani Verma info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
where the straw is available in plenty and the ones where it is deficient. Unfortunately, the post-harvest technology of crop residues has not received much attention so far.
Circulation & Subscription Head Ramesh Kumar info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
It is time that management of bulky crop residues is taken on priority basis by policy makers. Different equipment for securing/picking up the straws from the field, like bailers/happy seeders/pick up equipment, must be made available to the farmers on priority basis, through
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cooperatives and village Panchayats.
The collected straw can be
converted into complete feed through the technology of mixing with concentrates through the process of densification. One way is to make densified straw blocks enriched with the addition of molasses, urea and
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
mineral mixture. Such feed blocks could be stored in fodder banks and transported to save the animals against starvation during natural
Dr. Dinesh T. Bhosale Former Chairman, CLFMA of India
calamities. Alternatively, we could go for the straw based complete feed
Mr. Amit Sachdev Indian Representative, US Grain Council
yielding milk even up to 20 kg/d. This technology offers several benefits
Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand US Soybean Export Council
for feed additives; Avoiding wastage of feed; Being time and labor
blocks/ pellets, providing all the major and minor nutrients for animals like: Providing a balanced ration to the animals; Providing a good vehicle saving; Being cheaper and easier to handle and transport; Requiring less
Dr. Suhas Amrutkar Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition, MAFSU, Parbhani
space for storage; and Improving productive and reproductive efficiencies of the animals. No doubt, it is a costlier feed, however, feed cost /kg milk production is lesser. However, the technology has not
Dr. SN Mohanty Former Principal Scientist, CIFA Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta Agricultural Economist Dr. Swamy Haladi Feed Additive Expert Dr. R Gnana Sekar Lead Consultant, GS Dairy Farm Consulting
picked up as yet the way it should.
In spite of govt subsidy, the
compound feed manufacturers are not coming forward to set up such plants, because of its high initial cost in terms of additional space and machinery needed for cutting paddy straw, mixing of concentrate and straw and pressing the mixed stuff into blocks. Till now, about a dozen plants have been set up in different states on the initiative of dairy Cooperatives, dairy federations and livestock boards. Government should give directives to all the state-level livestock boards and dairy cooperatives for setting up bigger plants, while smaller
Dr. Suraj Amrutkar Assistant Professor, Dept. of ILFC, SKUAST-J, Jammu
capacity units can be set up through village Panchayats.
TK Walli www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in www.benisonmedia.com
Monthly Magazine for Feed & Feed Technology
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 01 | November 2019
Vollume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015
Contents R&D
INDUSTRY NEWS
05 As aquaculture booms, it's consuming more fish than it produces
24 Growth prospects of Iran feed industry 27 The prolonged rainy season tackled the dreaded Fall Armyworm
ARTICLE
08 Preparing Balanced Total Mixed Ration (TMR) for Dairy Animals 14 Precision Poultry Nutrition in Practice to Improve Farm Profitability INDUSTRY THOUGHT
28 An eco-friendly alternative to stubble burning 28 West Bengal government plans to raise maize cultivation
12 Indian Poultry Industry from an international perspective INTERVIEW
20
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R&D
As aquaculture booms, it's consuming more fish than it produces
The popularity of seafood as a source of protein is on the rise globally. But particularly in Asia Pacific, which is predicted to account for 70 per cent of global seafood sales in the next 13 years, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Small-scale fisheries are also an important source of income and food in Asia, employing over 30 million people in coastal communities. But although farmed seafood is touted as a more environmentally friendly source of protein—land-based livestock farming now facing fierce criticism and wild fish stocks in drastic decline—one issue remains a thorn in the side of
farming seafood or aquaculture: fish feed. Known in the industry as forage fish, species lower down in the food chain such as anchovies and sardines are turned into fishmeal and fed to farmed fish, and contributes to unstable fish populations. For instance, a study has found that aquaculture worsens the problem of falling fish populations in China. Furthermore, feeding fish to fish is also inefficient. For every kilogram of salmon produced, for example, the farmer uses two kilograms of fishmeal over the course of the animal's life. Michael Philips, director of aquaculture science and fisheries at WorldFish, an international research organisation headquartered in Malaysia, explains: “A fair proportion of the fish production on the planet relies on fish feed. As we get intensive with our farming and try to increase productivity from the water to meet global demand for fish, demand for the fish that feed them grows even more.” Alternative protein for fish feed With the global spotlight on illegal, unregulated fishing and wild fish stocks at an all-time low, the aquaculture
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Aquaculture is one way to meet Asia's growing demand for seafood, but using fish as feed could worsen the problem of declining fish stocks globally. What alternatives has the industry come up with to end this 'fish-eat-fish' world?
05
R&D
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 01 | November 2019
industry is looking to alternatives to forage fish. One organisation doing this is the new Aquaculture Innovation Centre (AIC) at Temasek Polytechnic in Singapore, which is dedicating the first three years on research into optimal nutrition for fish farmed in intensive, high-tech environments. Centre director Dr Lee Chee Wee reveals that the centre is experimenting with different food pellets with reformulated nutrients that will be able to meet special requirements of urban fish farming and keep the animals healthy even under stressful conditions. Due to Singapore's limited land area, aquaculture farms are built vertically with tanks stacked on top of one another. Packed tightly, the marine creatures can suffer from heightened stress levels from being packed densely together. “The best feed is still protein, which comes from fish meat. But catching fish to feed fish doesn't make sense, and there's no longer any fish for you to catch anyway,” says Lee.
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According to him, the answer to sustainable aquaculture lies in cities, where large quantities of high-quality waste, such as food waste, are produced. As part of the centre's research, he is investigating how waste products can be processed into fish feed.
06
space agency NASA in the 1960s, Veramaris produces an omega-3 algal oil that Karim Kurmlay, chief executive officer, says is richer in EPA and DHA than alternatives and more than twice as rich as feed grade fish oils, leading to more benefits to both fish and consumer health. “This innovation will help alleviate pressure on over-fished wild fisheries, enable the salmon industry to become a net producer of fish, help improve marine biodiversity and allow the salmon industry to raise the omega-3 levels in the fillet sustainably,” says David Nickell, vice president of sustainability, animal nutrition and health at DSM, adding that the Veramaris facility can produce the amount of algal oil equivalent to 1.2 million tonnes of wild-caught forage fish in a year. Farmers include fish oils in feed because fish must get sufficient EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids to stay healthy, while the omega-3 levels in salmon have declined to less than half of what it used to be over the last decade, says Oyvind Ihle, Veramaris' global marketing and communications director. The main reason being that forage fisheries were not able to keep up with demand as well as cost considerations. “Fish farming relying on fish oil as a source of omega-3 cannot grow much further as there is simply not enough fish in the ocean. On the other hand, if fish farmers could get alternative sources of EPA and DHA they could both relieve some pressure off [natural fish stocks] and get on a more sustainable growth path for their business,” Nickell adds. Around the world, business have come up with other creative ways to produce fish feed that do not further exploit the marine environment. In Africa, cassava waste is being processed to feed fish in farms, while start-ups in Asia are investing in cultivating black soldier fly larvae and single cell proteins derived from yeast and bacteria to replace fishmeal. There are many more ways to use ingredients to feed fish that are not competing in any way with human food, said WorldFish's Philips.
“Every city has their own urban waste and this waste is usually disposed with at a cost, but we can actually turn that into a high-quality valuable product for “The world is eating and likely needs to eat more seafood. the fish. With urban fish farming, there's But oceans have limited capacity to supply the seafood huge potential to have a very small that the human population requires,” he adds. environmental footprint,” he says. Experts predict that aquaculture will have to more than Fish-free opportunities for business double production by 2050 to meet global demand, and Companies are jumping on board the that within the next two years, the amount of fish farmed business of alternative fish feed to will exceed that caught in the wild. address the depletion of wild fish “This is a part of the food system that has changed very stocks and deliver health benefits to quickly over a short period of time, from very wild-based seafood consumers. to being a production system split between the waters One example is a joint venture by DSM and farming,” says Philips. and German chemicals company The impact of fisheries can be managed by using Evonik. Veramaris cultivates marine alternative feedstock so that rivers and oceans can be algae rich in omega-3 fatty acids allowed to recover, even as they are harvested sustainably eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and for food, he adds. docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Source: Eco Business
Using technology developed by US
ARTICLE Image Source: The Poultry Site Image Source: Abbey Machinery
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 01 | November 2019
Preparing Balanced Total Mixed Ration (TMR) for Dairy Animals
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RS Grewal and Jaswinder Singh Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana
08
Balanced ration is a prerequisite for successful dairy farming. An animal of high genetic potential will become a medium milk producer if feed is not properly balanced. When the feed is not properly balanced, it leads to low milk production, lower growth in heifers, impaired reproduction and low immunity. In Punjab, the majority of farmers keep animals under mixed farming system doing both crop production and animal husbandry. Such farmers rely more on crop residues like wheat straw and paddy straw for feeding to animals. Crop residues are inherently low in essential nutrients and animals subsisting on these produces lower quantity of milk. On the other hand, the farmers who take dairy
farming as their main profession tend to feed more balanced ration and their milk production per animal is higher. Before formulating a balanced concentrate feed, the following points need to be kept in mind: !
Type of forage being fed - Non legume fodders are low in protein but high in energy whereas legume fodders are high in protein, calcium and phosphorus but low in dry matter
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Quality of forage fed - Mature, dry fodders are low in digestibility and in energy and other essential nutrients
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Milk yield and milk fat % of the target animal
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Stage of lactation and body condition score - In late lactation, animals with good body condition score (3.0 or above) require less energy in their ration
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Body weight of the animal
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Age of cow, whether first calver and growing or mature cows
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 01 | November 2019
TMR is a feed for dairy animals, in which green fodder, especially silage is mixed along with concentrate in proportion and composition, to make it a balanced ration for a particular group of animals. Thus, in ruminants the mixing of roughage and concentrate portion of the feed as a blend i.e. TMR, has several advantages, like; 1.
It is very suitable on silage-based feeding system.
2.
It maintains rumen pH in favorable range (above 6.0).
3.
The incidence of lameness in the herd is reduced.
4.
Animals eat balanced ration in every bite.
5. 6.
7.
There is an increase in fat % in milk and also milk yield by 3-5%. The unpalatable materials can be mixed in TMR at higher proportions without affecting the intake of animals. Feeding operation can be mechanized, thereby reducing the labor requirement.
Cow's requirement for nutrients Cow's requirement of energy, protein, calcium and phosphorus depend upon body weight and milk production. To calculate the energy required for 20 kg milk with 3.5% fat. 0.70 Mcal NEL/kg milk x 20 = 14 9 Mcal is required for maintenance for 500 kg animal Total requirement is 9 + 14 = 23 Mcal NEL/d. For first lactation animals, we have to give growth allowance also. For 500 g/d growth, 2.4 MCal NEL and 320 g/d protein is required. This will add in addition to the requirement for maintenance and milk production. Protein requirement for milk production is 85 gm/kg milk in cows. Environmental temperature also plays a role in energy requirement. Exposure to cold increases the energy requirement of the animal.
will have 25% dry matter, 8% crude protein and 0.9 Mcal NEL/kg DM. In early lactation, we fix forage concentrate ratio at 60: 40 for medium yielders (approx. 4000 kg milk/lactation) and 50: 50 for high yielders (approx. 6000 Table.1. Nutrient requirements for milk production Milk production DMI (kg/d) NEL (Mcal/d) CP % Calcium % Phosphorus % kg/d (3.5% fat) 20
17
23.0
16
0.62
0.35
30
21
31.5
18
0.70
0.38
kg milk/lactation). Taking the example of a cow having 500 kg body weight and producing 20 kg milk per day, we can proceed in the following manner: DMI = 17 kg/d (Table-1) From Green fodder = 8.5 kg (50% of DMI) Crude protein from green = 8.5x 0.08 = 0.68 kg Energy = 7.65 MCal NEL Table-2 Contribution of DM, energy and protein from concentrate and fodder Requirement
DMI
NEL
CP, kg
Total
17
23
2.7 (17 x 0.16)
From fodder
8.5
7.65
0.68
Balance
8.5
15.35
2.02
We need concentrate which has 2.02 x 100 = 23.76% CP % = ---------8.5 15.35 NEL = ---------- x 100 = 1.80 Mcal/kg 8.5 For making concentrate mixture of required crude protein per cent, Pearson square method can be used. It is described below: Pearson square method First fix the ingredients 2.0% bypass fat 1.5% mineral mixture 1% salt 4.5% molasses 0.5% buffer 0.1% toxin binder 0.1% yeast 0.05% chelated trace minerals 0.25% limestone powder Total = 10
These 10 parts of concentrate will not supply any protein, therefore, balance 90 kg should contain 23.76 kg crude The starting point in balancing the dairy cow ration is to know the quantity protein and quality of green fodder/silage/hay. 23.76 For example, if we have green sorghum On percentage = x 100 = 26.4% CP 90 basis silage at optimum stage of harvest, it
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Advantages of TMR feeding
09
ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 01 | November 2019
Then select energy ingredients like maize, wheat bran and deoiled rice bran. Give weighted value to calculate the crude protein % of these energy ingredients. Here we have taken 50% maize, 25% wheat bran and 25% deoiled rice bran. The crude protein per cent in these are 9, 13 and 16%, respectively. The average CP of grain mix will be (50 x 0.09) + (25 x 0.13) + (25 x 0.16) = 11.75% Similarly, protein mix of mustard cake is (70%) and soybean meal (30%) having CP % of 36 and 45%, respectively. Their average CP will be 38.7%. Then applying the Pearson square method:
To again check the ration for its nutrients Ingredients
DM, kg/ CP % Total NEL Ani. CP (kg) /kg
Total NEL
Non-legume silage
8.5 (34 8 kg fresh)
0.68
0.9
7.65
Maize
1.75
9
0.16
2.01
3.5
Wheat bran
0.87
13
0.11
1.61
1.40
DRB
0.87
16
0.14
1.50
1.3
Mustard cake
2.91
36
1.05
1.75
5.09
SBM
1.25
45
0.56
2.2
2.75
Bypass fat
0.25
-
--
4.1
1.04
Molasses
0.27
-
--
1.76
0.47
MM, salt, yeast. trace
0.35
--
--
--
--
min, Vit AD3etc. Total
17.0
2.70
23.21
The quantity of concentrate ingredients per animal per day was calculated by taking proportion of each ingredient from 8.5 kg daily concentrate allowance. For 12.3 (38.7-26.4) example, the above concentrate contains 20.54 % maize in it. The daily maize intake by the animal will be 8.5x0.2054=1.75 kg.
Maize (50%) + Wheat bran (25%) + DRB (25%) 11.75 26.4
If we take DM level (92% approx.) in to consideration then 8.5 38.7 14.65 (26.4-11.75) On as such basis the conc. offered /ani/d = ------= 9.24 kg Mustard cake (70%)+ 26.95 0.92 SBM (30%) Feeding of TMR to milking cows 90 kg will contain = (12.3/26.95) x 90 = 41.08 kg grain mix 1. Feed TMR twice in summers during cooler hours of = (14.65/26.95) x 90 = 48.92 kg protein mix the day. Grain mix required:
2.
In winter one-time feeding could be practiced.
3.
Make sure that there is always 2-3% residue left in the manger which could be fed to dry animals.
4.
Check the quality of silage from lab periodically.
5.
It is difficult to design a TMR on green fodder because the quality changes frequently but on silagebased feeding system the quality of roughage remains similar for longer periods and accordingly calculation could be done.
Maize
= 41.08 x 0.5 = 20.54 kg
Wheat bran
= 41.08 x 0.25 = 10.27 kg
DRB
= 41.08 x 0.25 = 10.27 kg
Protein mix required Mustard cake
= 48.92 x 0.7 = 34.24 kg
SBM
= 48.92 x 0.3 = 14.68 kg
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The final composition of concentrate mixture Parts per 100 kg
10
Maize
20.54
Wheat bran
10.27
DRB
10.27
Mustard cake
34.24
SBM
14.68
Mineral mixture
1.5
Salt
1.0
Buffer
0.5
Toxin binder
0.1
Yeast
0.1
Chelated MM
0.05
Molasses
4.5
Bypass fat
2.0
Limestone powder 0.25 Vit Ad3
0.5 gm
Properly balanced ration not only increases the milk production but also lowers the cost of milk production as well as it provides balanced ration with higher efficiency of conversion of ration DM to milk solids. On an average, the dairy ration should be balanced on fortnightly basis depending upon change in milk production and quality and quantity of available green fodder.
INDUSTRY THOUGHT
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 01 | November 2019
Dr. Ruud Eits
Indian Poultry Industry from an international perspective Dr. Ruud Eits, Trouw Nutrition
Development of Indian Feed Sector
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The growth in Indian animal husbandry has on an average been 7-8% over the past few years. This growth has understandably fueled the growth in Indian feed sector as well. While the demand increased, the industry has also evolved substantially over the past few decades.
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The Indian feed sector has evolved in terms of developments in process, milling technology (increased throughput & capacity of pellet mills), extent of automation, quality control checks, refinement in formulation etc. However, raw material volatility in terms of pricing, quality and availability has always been a challenge in meeting the demand-supply gap. In fact, the Indian feed sector has made good progress in terms of the sufficiency of raw materials and continues exploring the possibilities of alternate raw materials for the inclusion into poultry feed. Given this scenario, the Indian feed
industry will certainly continue to grow in a positive direction. Challenges in Developing and Developed markets The major challenges in the poultry industry vary significantly per region. In countries with a rapid growth in population, rising middle-class and increasing incomes, the meat and egg consumption is growing fast, which is putting pressure on availability of inputs (like raw materials), and requires significant improvements in feed efficiency and bird health control. New technologies and innovations related to precision nutrition, quality control and poultry health care are nowadays instrumental to achieve the required production increases. In other countries, in particular those with relatively high incomes, a key challenge is to adapt production methods to accommodate rapidly changing consumer demands related to animal welfare, non-GMO and environmental sustainability. Examples include slow-growing broilers, freerange layers and meat produced without any usage of antibiotics and coccidiostats. Interestingly, several of these trends become visible in developing economies at a much faster rate than many of us expected. At the same time, we see several challenges that are present in almost all poultry production countries, such as disease outbreaks (viz. coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis are currently
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 01 | November 2019
a costly challenge in broiler production in many countries) as well as the need to minimize production cost (particularly feed cost) in order to stay competitive. Personally, I do expect that scientific progress related to alternative proteins ! (like 'artificial' meat), combined with the increasing public concerns about climate change and antibiotic resistance, will result in a notable decline in meat consumption in some markets in among others Europe and USA, in the next 3 to 5 years. Various aspects of poultry farming and feed production in India !
Genetics: Breed should always be more adapted to local climatic condition so as to withstand the hot weather & disease challenge. At present the scenario that we see in Indian poultry as far as genetics is concerned is that 70% of the broilers reared are Cobb 430Y, 15% are SunBro and 15% are other international breeds (Aviagen, Hubbard). Layers is dominated by BV 300 at approx. 85% and others (Hyline, Lohmann, Bovans) at 15%.
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years we have seen development in poultry nutrition, but aspects like precision nutrition managing the nutrient levels as per the bird's requirement and the availability through different raw materials – have still not been explored. Feed production: Indian feed industry has been facing challenges with respect to pellet quality specifically in terms of steam quality and conditioning. Added to this, the external environment tends to be quite dry, leading to moisture loss from poultry feeds, which in turn can affect feed intake, and digestibility of poultry feeds. Excessive moisture loss during feed production can also reduce the profitability of feed mills. A “Moisture Management System� which not only helpsin managing moisture in complete feeds but also helps in improving feed throughput, reduce energy costs and reduce mould growth, which is needed under such conditions. Responsible usage of antibiotics: One of the concerns for global community has been responsible usage of antibiotics. Indian poultry sector also faces similar concerns. With stricter global norms and also increasing awareness among the Indian consumers, antibiotic usage will become a big challenge in years to come. A better understanding about programmes that help to reduce antibiotic usage will certainly become important.
Innovations in the industry:
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!
Farm management and Biosecurity: Biosecurity is one of the major concerns and open housing practices pose a challenge to biosecurity for Indian poultry. Hot and humid weather conditions add to the challenge. AGP & antibiotics are still in use. Salmonella and other Enterobacteria management have been a global challenge for poultry producers. There is no magic bullet for this especially in the times of lowered antibiotics and AGP usage. We have developed a comprehensive program to manage these microbes in raw materials, feeds and inside the gut. Farm and Feed Mill Audit Programs provide great opportunity to understand the challenge and implement right solutions. Use of the right combination and quantity of various organic acids in raw materials and feeds help to enhance gut health, feed safety and public health. Nutrition: Even though over the
There is an extensive research and development happening in the sector globally. From animal nutrition to animal behavior monitoring, various aspects are being studied in order to fully explore the genetic potential of animals. Innovations like NutriOpt On-site Adviser (NOA), which are able to assess the nutrient quality of ingredients on farm have proved to be important in decision making for the owners while it has also been instrumental in precision feeding programmes of farmers and integrators. One of the aspects of research area has been feed safety which has led to advancements and innovation in the field. Quality Assurance and Traceability are the key elements in any feed and food safety programs. Raw materials used in animal feeds are exposed to various hazards such as moulds, bacteria, mycotoxins and endotoxins. Subjecting these raw materials to rapid and reliable testing procedures is very critical. Time is of high importance and method to detect the toxins on farm or in feed mill can prove to be very beneficial. Further, one of the aspects that has gained importance in this digital age is the database and accessibility of the same through cloud. Going forwards integration of Artificial Intelligence with the available database to make more informed decisions shall be explored by the industry.
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ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 01 | November 2019
Precision Poultry Nutrition in Practice to Improve Farm Profitability Dr. Kumar Kore, BASF India Ltd
Introduction As per statistics poultry products will account for sizable portion of future food demand forecasting significant increase in global food production by 2050. Production and consumption of poultry products are projected to double in next 30 years, growth propelled by its low-cost, small environmental footprint, positive health attributes and lack of religious restrictions (Roembke, 2017). Poultry products (broiler meat and eggs) are the most affordable sources of animal proteins for all class of peoples, hence future of poultry industry is bright but such growth will be possible by advances in feeding (nutrition), breeding (genetics) and management (maintenance). The increasing demand of poultry products and lesser supply of quality raw materials for feed production are putting pressure on the farmers. Similarly, competitive industry trends driven by consumer demand for safe (antibiotic free) and affordable animal protein amidst shortage of feed raw materials is becoming a challenge day-by-day. The global population, resources, and climate dynamics suggest, we must improve sustainability of food production system, and the precision feeding of animals may be one of the ways to accomplish this goal (Liebe and White, 2019). Precision
nutrition would help in effective utilization of available feed resources with the aim of maximizing animals' response to nutrients and improve farm profitability (Andonovic et al., 2018). Hence, we need to understand the importance of precision nutrition and how such developing technologies could help in improving production efficiently in poultry industry. Precision poultry farming Precision farming signifies, satisfying the need of animals and crops at the highest precision to get maximum output with available resources. The more precisely the need is satisfied, the less waste will be there in the system, resulting in more economic and environmental benefits. This also helps in reduction of Greenhouse gases and ammonia emission in air, nitrates and antibiotics pollution in water bodies, phosphorus and heavy metals in the soil (Andonovic et al., 2018; Tullo et al., 2019). Precision farming, and especially precision nutrition, will help to optimise feed efficiency with positive effect on animal health, animal welfare and the environment. Feed accounts for nearly 70% of production cost and considered as the greatest single expenditure associated with poultry production. Broiler and layers are highly efficient in converting feed to food products but still a significant amount of undigested feed is excreted. Generally, digestibility of nutrients is in the tune of 50-85% depending on the specific nutrient, therefore a significant improvement can be made to further improve the efficiency of feed utilization. To optimize the poultry nutrition, researchers are focusing on deep understanding on nutrient requirements and their fate in the body, evaluation of alternative raw materials, availability of quality feed ingredients, use of novel feed additives and formulation of nutrient rich least-cost feed. Main aim is
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Fig. 1. Making poultry production more sustainable with precision farming
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 01 | November 2019
precision farming and precision nutrition is utilizing the inputs at their maximum possible ways, lower costs and maximize economic efficiency of poultry farming.
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balanced diet that provides appropriate quantities of biologically available nutrients at least cost. In the past, we always tried to over-formulate diets due to uncertainty about the raw material quality or nutrient requirements. This practice is no longer acceptable, not only because it is wasteful, but Precision poultry nutrition also because excess nutrients excreted in the manure leads to Precision nutrition intends to provide the environmental pollution. Fine tuning of the diets to closely animal with the amount of feed/ nutrients match the requirements of the birds, helps to optimize that precisely meet its nutritional efficiency of nutrient utilization. Main objective in formulation requirements for optimum productive of poultry feed is production of low cost, high-quality finished efficiency to produce better quality animal products. Due to restriction of antibiotics in poultry feed, products (meat and eggs) which are also nutritionists need to understand more about the digestive safe for consumers and harmless to tract microbiota and how to modulate it through the diets. climate change (Reddy and Krishna, 2009). Over the years, feed formulation has evolved from a simple In other words, precision feeding is the balancing of a few feedstuffs for a limited number of nutrients practice of meeting the nutrient to a linear programming system that operates with the aid of requirement of animals as accurately as computers. possible in the interest of a safe, high Systems using stochastic non-linear programming are now quality and efficient production while becoming popular, with commercially available formulation ensuring the lowest possible load on the software. To achieve precise nutrition, use of nonlinear feed environment under the given conditions. formulation need to be practiced, where formulas will depend Improving sustainability of livestock on other variables such as age, sex, temperature, baby chick production systems can be achieved price, feed cost and/or final product margin etc. (Penz, 2019). through optimized reproductive, genetic, Introduction of non-linear programming, to optimize yield nutritional, and health management and minimize feed cost in animal feed formulation, may lead (White et al., 2014, 2015). to better approximation as compared to those of linear cases Feed formulation to achieve precision (Saxena et al., 2012). Use of Growth models to simulate feed nutrition intake and production parameters under given husbandry The object of formulation is to derive a conditions are more practical to reach our goal of optimum
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 01 | November 2019
production. Such models are effective tools for: i) comparing actual versus potential performance, which can indicate the extent of management or health problems in a flock; and ii) providing economic analysis of alternative feeding regimens. Several commercial growth models are available for predicting the production performance of both meat chickens and laying hens. Finally, feed formulations need to become customised based on need of the bird and desired output to support the concept of precision nutrition. Factors to consider while practicing precision nutrition Following factors have important contribution in achieving goal of precision nutrition
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Feeding to genetic potential of birds: Although Nutrigenomics is in infancy, the future nutrient requirement and feeding of animals will be based on specific need of gene. In modern nutrition, generic recommendations will be replaced by customised solutions. Using nutrigenomics as a tool in animal nutrition allow us to develop new feeding strategies, thereby creating an opportunity to lower the cost of materials, improve supplementation and rapidly adapt new formulations in response to changing regulation and demand. It also allows us to identify and address nutritional bottlenecks that prevent us from taking advantage of the advanced genetics that are the key of livestock and poultry industries (Connolly and Dawson, 2015).
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Nutritional manipulation of gene expression meant to control the expression of specific gene by under or overfeeding of some nutrients. Similarities in gene expression between the two primary genetics companies can be used as an advantage when it comes to the precise feeding of chickens or the ability to feed specific genes and deliver nutrients to those genes at the right time and in the right form. Through precision nutrition for example, feeding additives on exact days for a defined period to get desired changes in gene expression towards more production (for eg. chicken with more breast meat or less abdominal fat) can be achieved. Feed ingredients: To make precision
nutrition a reality than theory, feed producers need to change the way they considered feed ingredients such as corn, soybean meal, meat and bone meal (where it can be used) simply as a commodity into uniform, analysed ingredients to exactly match the desired nutrient specification. Segregation of raw materials (for e.g. based on the size of corn) and their analysis will help to formulate the cost effective and wholesome diet. Without knowing the ingredient analysis, precise nutrition is elusive, even with the best diet formulation (Penz, 2019). Followed by ingredient selection and diet formulation, the post-absorptive processes that rank feed raw materials based on digestibility coefficients needs to be considered. Use of advanced analytical technics such as near-infrared Spectroscopy (NIR), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) for mineral profile and Gas chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) for contaminants (eg. pesticides) and in vitro assays to obtain nutrient profile and anti-nutrients provide further nutrient values to help in achieving more realistic diet formulation. We can achieve the aim of precision nutrition by more precise ration formulation based on nutritional value of each batch of ingredient, proper weighing and mixing of ingredients, novel feed processing techniques, use of feed additives, etc. Feed additives: To make animal production highly efficient, the nutrient loss should be minimized, which means more units of output per unit of input. Feed additives play a pivotal role in achieving increased efficiency and reduced environmental load per unit of the animal product (refer Table 1). They improve nutrient digestibility, gut health, nutrient absorption and support microflora modulation thereby facilitates chicken growth with less variability and reduces environment pollution. Feed additives like organic acids, probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes and phytochemicals are used to improve the feed efficiency mainly by improving animal health and increasing digestibility of nutrients (Gadde et al., 2017). These additives are now becoming popular and widely accepted as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter (AGP's) in poultry production. Feed milling: Although feed formulation is the key to produce good quality poultry feed but without properly processing the feed, it won't bring better results. After mixing
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of ingredients, most poultry feeds undergo some form of processing, which involves a wide range of thermal treatments including conditioning, pelleting, crumbling and cooling. Now adays mostly pelleted or crumbled feed is used for feeding of chicken, which enhances the economics of production by improving feed efficiency and growth performance. These improvements are attributed to decreased feed wastage, higher nutrient density, reduced selective feeding, decreased time and energy spent on eating, destruction of pathogenic organisms, and thermal modification of starch and protein. Poultry producers operate in highly competitive environment and efficiency saving across the supply chain can yield great results from a relatively low investment. Other than the discussed factors, feed mill is one of the important segments which can yield huge savings when handled meticulously. By finding ways to get more from existing equipment, improving staff knowledge and minimising wastage, feed mills can often gain better efficiency and cost saving. Some of the important factors
like optimizing the production process through periodic review of batching and mixing systems, reducing energy usage by keeping optimum moisture, time and temperature of conditioning will help to improve efficiency (Davies, 2019). Maintaining feed hygiene during feed production has significant positive impact on animal performance, moisture management is also important to optimize resource efficiency. Finally, the qualified staff in feed mill will help to ensure all the processes are in place and running at optimum conditions. Conclusions Next 30 years appear to be most favourable for Indian poultry industry in terms of increasing demand of affordable animal protein, but it is also challenging due to scarce resources like feed ingredients, land and skilled manpower. To meet this demand, it is necessary to transform our traditional livestock farming practices. Precision farming and feeding can help to get optimum returns from poultry industry. Animal genetics, alternative feed raw materials, precise feed formulation, novel feed additives and optimized feed manufacturing process are some of the key drivers for future development in the poultry industry. Application of nutrigenomics, advanced farming technologies, efficient feed utilization with less impact on environment are the factors to be kept in mind in order to achieve the goal of precision farming and optimum production. References are available upon request. The corresponding author can be contacted at kumar.kore@basf.com
Table 1. Additives contributing to precision nutrition by improving feed utilization Feed Additives Main component
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Desired results
To improve fibre (NSP) digestibility, increase phosphorus availability and reduction of nutrient losses and environmental pollution
Improved body weight, FCR, bone mineralization, improved gut health etc.
Enzymes
NSPases (Xylanase, Beta-glucanase, mannanase), Phytase, Protease
Organic acids & their salts
Formic acid, Propionic acid, Acetic acid, For feed preservation and hygiene, Lauric acid, Calcium propionate, mould inhibition, feed and water acidification, alternative to AGPs, gut Sodium formate etc. acidification, antifungal and antibacterial
Reduce microbial contamination and spoilage of feed, improve gut microbial balance, improve, overall improvement in performance
Probiotics
Bacillus spp, Lactobacillus spp
Improved gut health, less mortality, increased boy weight, FCR and less diseases
Bifidobacteriaspp, Saccharomyces spp
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Purpose
To maintain intestinal microbial balance, competitive inhibition of pathogens, enhance gut immunity, reduce enteritis
Prebiotics
Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), beta- Acts as substrate for beneficial bacteria glucans, Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) in the gut, reduce pathogens in the intestine, produce short chain fatty Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) acids in the large intestine favourable for gut health
Improved gut health, intestinal microbial balance, improve performance of birds with less outbreaks
Carotenoids
Asthaxantin, C-30 esters, Xanthophyll, beta-carotene
To improve egg yolk coloration and broiler skin colouration, to boost immunity
Improved sensory value of eggs and meat, more acceptance by consumers, premium price
Phytochemicals
Essential oils, Plant extract, Herbs, Luetin
To improve GT tract health, reduce pathogenic load in intestine
Improved bird performance, less morbidity and mortality, more profit
Antioxidants
Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA)
To prevent oxidative damage of fats and oils in the poultry diet, to reduce stress due to reactive oxygen sp.
Reduce various stresses in birds, overall improvement of bird health, improved shelf-life of feed and poultry produce
INTERVIEW
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 01 | November 2019
Asia - An investment spot for Novus In September, Novus inaugurated its new office in Chennai and invited THINK GRAIN THINK FEED to interview their global team including Francois Fraudeau, President and Chief Executive Officer, w. Scott Hine, Vice President – Product & Solutions and Chief Innovation Officer, Dave Dowell - COO, Dr. Vaibhav Nagpal - Senior Director & CCO, Asia and Neeraj Kumar Srivastava, Managing Director, Novus South Central Asia. Along with interviewing the global team, Think Grain Think Feed had the opportunity to interact with Asia heads and also some of the important customers from Eastern part of the country. Following are the excerpts from the interview:
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You have been associated with Novus nearly from its inception and the company is operating in many countries around the world. Kindly share the major challenges that the company has faced during this expansion process.
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Francois Fraudeau: There are many aspects to consider with any expansion, but perhaps the most important is understanding the opportunities available in the country that you want to serve and how best to utilize those opportunities. Of course, there can be vast cultural differences but, ultimately, if you hire the right people with the right skills – as we've done here in India -- those individuals can make the transition very easy. Finding customers has never been a challenge for Novus as most in the industry are seeking innovation and differentiation. Would you please highlight some recent research findings which the company has under taken? Are there some new innovations with an application in near future? Francois Fraudeau: Novus has invested significant resources in relation to antibiotic use in animal agriculture. For the last 15 years, we have been working rigorously on products for the European market where regulators have put a complete ban on antibiotics as a feed additive. We expect the U.S. will follow
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 01 | November 2019
livestock and aquaculture. Methionine is a very important amino acid for nearly all species. Novus's specialty business, which includes enzymes, organic trace minerals, eubiotics and feed quality products, is becoming a very significant part of our portfolio. Five years from now, we expect to see a more balanced share of our business coming from the specialty business unit. Apart from that, we are also marketing human supplements, though this business is currently confined to North America. We hope to bring this side of the company to the global human supplement market within the next five years. Dave Dowell, you have been with Novus for more than a decade now. How do you feel the way feed industry has been evolved over the years? Dave Dowell: From an innovation perspective, the production and marketing of enzymes and organic trace minerals has certainly evolved. Novus caters to the demand for enzymes, especially proteases and phytases, at a global level. Feed safety and traceability are undoubtedly two extremely important aspects of the feed business today and we don't see that changing. Products related to microbial load and mycotoxin management are also of interest to our customers.
Apart from antibiotic alternatives, our company has been producing and marketing enzymes, methionine, organic trace minerals and various feed quality solutions. These products are created and marketed with the customer in mind, so we also pay close attention to the regulatory landscape, product quality and market conditions to ensure the solutions we create are accessible to those who need and want them. Through focused efforts around the world, we have been successful at bringing new innovations and applications of our products to the market. Five years down the line what kind of outlook does one expect for the company. In which areas would it like to put on more focus? Francois Fraudeau: Novus is essentially creating a balanced portfolio between the methionine business and the specialty business for poultry, swine,
Neeraj Srivastava: Product registration differs from country to country, as each has its own laws and regulations. In India there is the advantage of good supply chain and that helps in marketing our product. Apart from that there is a fairly open regulatory policy in place within the country. Also, customers in India are quite receptive to new and unique technologies and Novus understands well the challenges our customers here encounter. For these reasons, the access to Indian market is fairly quick. For example, India was the first country to market a new South-East Asian Markets “There is a lot of variation in customers and industry with in SEAP region like Indonesia and Pakistan are dominant in Poultry while the major sectors in Thailand and Vietnam are Aquaculture and Swine,” said Dr. Von Richard Ebron, World Area Director for SEAP. Speaking on scope of Aquaculture market, he said it is a growing market and after African Swine Fever (ASF) outbreak the consumer has shifted to aqua and poultry. Dr. Von Richard The mother company of Novus, Mitsui has also invested Ebron World Area Director in largest prawn production facility in Vietnam, which is Southeast Asia-Pacific an area of interest for expansion for the company as well. Novus International, Inc.
“Asia is an investment spot for Novus because of its growth opportunities in all segments. Novus plan is to invest more on customer facing side of the company hence there is more manpower in this region compared to the previous years,” he added.
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suite. While the decision on antibiotic use in India is pending, Novus is prepared to offer solutions if India too moves in the direction of antibiotic-free production.
Product registration differs from country to country. Any take on that from your side. How much time does it take for any new innovation to reach Indian market?
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INTERVIEW
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 01 | November 2019
organic trace mineral complex product that we launched last year. Launching a new product can take months to years in other countries. It is a matter of pride that Novus has developed one of the fastest acting phytases in recent years (CIBENZA® PHYTAVERSE®). It took four years for Novus to enter the phytase market in a big way, initially in South Central Asia, and now globally. Could you please share the impact of last year's reorganization of regional structure of Novus in Asia? Vaibhav Nagpal: Until last year Asia was divided into two regions: North East Asia (NEA) and South East Asia Pacific (SEAP). India was part of SEAP. However, since countries in South Asia are growing on a fast tract, Novus decided to approach South Asia as a separate region. We now have a separate technical and marketing team specifically concentrating on this area. In fact, we are already observing that by making South Asia a separate entity, business seems to be growing faster. Thanks to added resources, we can more quickly respond to our customers in this area and we have a better understanding of the challenges they face; our customers are really seeing the benefits. It has been a decade since you have established the Indian subsidiary of Novus team in India. What are the major changes that you have observed during these years?
Challenges in North-East Asian Markets
Dr. Defa Sun. World Area Director Northeast Asia Novus International, Inc.
“African Swine fever (ASF) proved to be the biggest challenge for the market which has resulted in ~65% reduction in swine population. Antibiotic free production is also a major challenge which may increase the mortality, production issues and hence impact the economy of livestock production. Environment protection is rather an important issue in China, especially for smaller feed companies,” said Dr. Defa Sun who takes care of China, Taiwan and Korea market for Novus. “Due to all these challenges, industry will be more consolidated in coming times,” he pointed out.
the Indian feed market and the problems customers face. The customer requirements vary from country to country. Understanding customer needs so that we can anticipate future needs is paramount. This knowledge guides our research efforts and the products we innovate. Regarding our growth as a company, it has been over a decade since Novus first began work on enzymes and organic trace minerals. Today Novus can proudly claim that it is one of the leading players in the world of feed enzymes and organic trace minerals. A lot has been talked about the poultry industry, what about Dairy and Aqua? Dave Dowell: Aqua feed in India has a huge potential to grow. This industry is developing at a fast pace like poultry industry. For the dairy feed industry, the market
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is fragmented; the size of the average herd is invariably Vaibhav Nagpal: We better understand very small, and things are changing slowly as related to
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L:R - Neeraj Kumar Srivastava, Dr. Vaibhav Nagpal, w. Scott Hine, Francois Fraudeau, Dr. TK Walli, Prachi Arora, Reena Rani and Dave Dowell during Novus office inaugural program in Chennai
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 01 | November 2019
CUSTOMERS VIEWS ON INDIAN MARKET A major player from Eastern India Shalimar group is serving the Indian Poultry business for the last 5 decades. With considerable presence in PAN India, the company is into feed milling and integration, and recently diversified into aqua feed and soya plant. Discussing on challenges of the industry, Mr. Sameer Agarwal, Director of Shalimar Group said human resource is the biggest challenge for the poultry industry i.e. getting right people at the right position and talent retention especially after the entry of e-platform players like Swiggy, Ola and others. Variation in feed raw material prices is an issue for Indian feed sector where end-product price does not change respectively. “Feed raw material prices have gone up in last one year and before that it was fairly consistent, market may start adjusting to it in a year or so as output price will also increase proportionately and it should not be a challenge moving forward,” said Mr. Agarwal. As many multinationals eyeing on opportunities in the Indian market, Mr. Agarwal feels that with the multinationals coming in the market, the market will grow and positively impacted. Efficiency increases with the competition which will further improve cost of production.
Started 27 years ago with cattle feed, Shivshakti Agro diversified to poultry feed and the company was first to introduce pellet feed in Eastern India back in 1993. Presently, the company is also into poultry breeding and integration. Demand-supply mismatch is the key challenge for the poultry industry. Removing traders out of the valuechain and reaching farmers directly may bring prosperity to the producers, said Sumit Surekha, Managing Director, Shivshakti Agro. “Aquaculture industry in India is at a nascent stage. 5 years ago, the company entered into aqua feed and figured the difference of running an aqua feed plant and a poultry feed plant. At the same time we observed the distributors in this sector are more reliable because they prefer to work with consistent quality feed suppliers as end-product margins are pretty good which is not the case in poultry sector,” said Mr. Surekha. On their association with Novus, the Managing Director said it's been more than a decade that we are using their products specially the antioxidant which is performing well. We also started to use the moisture optimizer which is under trial.
M. Srihari Reddy, Lotus farms, Bangalore started the family business in 1991 with 6000 breeders and today have 4 lakh breeders, hatchery, feed mills and retail stores etc. The company was also first to start hatching egg sales in Eastern India market. Sharing his experience on how the industry has changed in all these years, Mr. Reddy said integration model has changed the face of Indian poultry industry. “Today we are 95% wet market and it may take several years or maybe generations to convert to processed market,” he added. Speaking about Novus, he said that the company has good products but it needs further penetration in the market. Production and logistics cost management might support them. Mr. Pradeep Agarwal from Kamdhenu Udyog, Kolkata was the other guest who spoke to Think Grain Think Feed. He said Indian poultry is not ready for antibiotic free production, it will take time and consumer awareness is the need of the hour.
consolidation of these smaller herds
India is predicted to go bullish and the reason is simple:
into larger, high-producing herds.
The industry and the country is going through a big
Novus has a dedicated dairy team
transformation due to a growing demand for animal
with sound technical knowledge who can train the small dairy farmers with respect to products and technologies and show them how Novus products
protein like meat, chicken, eggs and fish. This demand is supported by the affordability of these products due to increasing incomes. So, I see a lot of opportunity and
can add significant value to their
support for Indian feed industry in the next 10 years.
production. Novus has been very
That said, it is important to grow intelligently. Ultimately
successful in areas where high-
everyone in the industry must be committed to working
producing dairy cattle are managed,
for the sustainability of the livestock production system.
and this knowledge can easily be
As urbanization increases and populations grow, we must
transferred to any of our customers around the world. Where do you see the Indian feed market 10 years down the line? Francois Fraudeau: The feed market in
develop new products and technologies that are renewable and sustainable. Livestock production, ably supported by quality feed production, plays a key role in the sustainability of food production worldwide.
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Shalimar Group – Sameer Agarwal
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INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 01 | November 2019
Growth prospects of Iran feed industry
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Despite the economic turmoil caused by US-led economic sanctions, Iran's animal feed production is set to more than double in the next five years, gradually improving the capacity utilization factor and developing export supplies, according to industry sources.
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Iran has a well-established feed industry with a 70-year history, said Dr. Majid Movafegh Ghadirly, chairman of the Iran Feed Industry Association. As of today, there are 645 production units in the country with a combined production capacity of nearly 21 million tonnes of feed per year. “The actual production is around 10 million tonnes per year, which means that the industry operates at only 50% of its designed production capacity, while overall feed consumption in Iran is estimated at 20 million tonnes per year,” Ghadirly said.
The remaining 10,000 tonnes of demand is met with products manufactured by livestock companies, which in Iran commonly are not reflected in the feed industry statistics. This picture is about to change as the government recently ruled that the country's livestock companies must stop manufacturing feed and close their production units until 2023. For Iran's feed mills, this would provide access to an untapped market, Ghadirly said. “In general, Iran's animal feed industry is developing and over the next 10 years, if the operational plans that we have foreseen for the industry (materialize), the animal feed production in the country would reach 26 million tonnes per year,” he estimated. The industry largely depends on government policy and is affected with the price of protein products on the market and subsidies to animal feed manufacturers, both set by the authorities, said Ghadirly. Biting sanctions US-led economic sanctions against Iran reinstated in November 2018 have become a burden for the local feed mills. The country is heavily dependent on
INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 01 | November 2019
imported raw materials, primarily corn, barley, soybean meal and feed additives, and soaring devaluation is bad news for all import-dependent business. “Without sanctions our annual growth should be at least 4%, while our actual annual growth is now at 2%,” Ghadirly admitted. “Certainly, the sanctions have not been ineffective, because the production and the pace of technology upgrades in Iran's animal feed industry have been lowered while the price of finished products has been increased.” It is believed that one of the reasons inflation is so high is because of the feedstuffs. Iran imports 80% of all raw materials used in feed production. Free market on the horizon In the next decade, Iran's feed industry is set to shift to operating in free market conditions. Many believe this will bring great opportunities “to some leading feed companies and main players of the industry” and be a real threat to “the old and traditional units,” according to Iran's Feed Industry Association. “We forecast that in the next 10 years, the number of feed production units in Iran would halve, while the production capacity would increase,” Ghadirly said. “The reason for this claim is the (upcoming) liberalization of the economy, the complete elimination of subsidies and ultimately the formation of a free economy.”
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Compared to the animal feed market, Iran's poultry concentrate market is not as sophisticated, according to the Iran Feed Industry Association. The industry requires around 300,000 tonnes of feed additives while the
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domestic production stands at around 30,000 tonnes per year. The livestock industry alone requires 60,000 tonnes of premixes and the domestic production can barely meet 10% of this figure. Feedstuffs are an issue Iran needs 72 million tonnes of feed ingredients for feed production per year, including 7.5 million tonnes of feed corn, 3 million tonnes of feed barley, 1.2 million tonnes of soybean meal and so on. Although import-dependence could be reduced to a certain extent, there's little chance it could be eliminated completely, at least in the coming decades. “Due to the fact that Iran is located in the dry region and has dehydration and drought problems, selfsufficiency in feedstuffs is not expected,” Ghardirly said. “Since more than 80% of raw material and feed ingredients are imported, overcoming the dependence on imported feedstuffs in the near future is impossible.” Nevertheless, Iran's government intends to reduce its dependence on imported feedstuffs. Ghadirly said this is possible through renting the agricultural lands in other countries, such as Brazil, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, and Russia, for cultivation, using alternative feedstuffs, and growing canola instead of soybeans. Exports are a new target The fall of the exchange rate of the national currency has another impact — it makes all export suppliers much more attractive. In 2017, Iran exported 186,000 tonnes of animal feed worth $74 million. “In 2018, 208,000 tonnes of compound feed worth $87 million was exported from Iran to 17 countries in the region,” Ghadirly said. This is the highest figure ever, and all forecasts now say that the export supplies will keep growing in the future. There are 51 feed producers in Iran engaged in export operations. The target markets for Iran feed includes UAE, Iraq, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Armenia, Tajikistan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Kuwait, Oman, South Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia and Uzbekistan, according to the Iran Feed Industry Association. Source: Sosland Publishing
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 01 | November 2019
The prolonged rainy season tackled the dreaded Fall Armyworm The prolonged rainy season, which has triggered hardships for the country's farming community at large, has also turned into a blessing in disguise for corn growers. The prolonged wet spell has helped farmers tackle the infestation of the dreaded Fall Armyworm (FAW) pest, which had a widespread impact on the maize crop in the early part of the kharif season. The FAW, which made its presence in Karnataka last year, had spread quickly to many States, including the North East, this year, and was seen threatening the maize crop in the early part of the kharif season. However, with widespread and surplus rains in the recent months, the infestation has reduced, say experts.
However, Chaudhary said, in the late kharif sown areas of Tamil Nadu, the infestation is severe and the threat of the pest spreading to neighbouring Andhra Pradesh, where maize is grown in the rabi season, still exists. Among Northern States, in Bihar, a major corn producer in the rabi season, the State agriculture department has been taking proactive steps to educate farmers, he said. “If the window of November is overcome then the pest infestation will be automatically controlled during winter,” Chaudhary added. Though the incidence of the FAW might have come down, the pest will still remain a challenge for the Indian farm sector. “FAW is endemic to India. Getting rid of this pest will be a big challenge. It still poses a very serious threat to corn and other crops in the country,” Chaudhary said.
Per the first advance estimates of the Agriculture Ministry, maize production is seen rising to 19.89 million tonnes in “Rains have indirectly helped in containing the kharif 2019 season against last year's kharif output of the impact of the fall army worm on the maize crop this year. The damage was less 19.04 million tonnes. In 2018-19, India's total maize output stood at 27.23 million this year when compared to last as good rains have aided crop recovery,” said AN tonnes, per the fourth Advance Estimates. Source: businessline Shylesha, Senior Scientist at the ICAR — National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources. Fungus to the rescue
In addition, farmers, who were aware of the pest this year, had taken precautionary measures. As a result of all this, the impact was less and there was not much of a yield loss, Shylesha said. Last year, prolonged dry spells had helped the pest to multiply and spread quickly. Maize was planted on about 82 lakh hectares in kharif 2019, higher than the previous year's 79.94 lakh hectares. Bhagirath Chaudhary, Director, South Asia Biotechnology Centre, New Delhi, which conducted an awareness campaign for over 15,000 farmers across many States about the pest, says that heavy precipitation has helped reduce FAW infestation. Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh still vulnerable
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The favourable climate this year triggered by good rains created an environment for growth of a fungus in the soil — Metarhizium Rileyi — a natural enemy of FAW, which attacks and kills the larvae of the worm, while boosting plant growth, Shylesha said.
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INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 01 | November 2019
An eco-friendly alternative to stubble burning There may be an eco-friendly solution to stubble burning which is said to have contributed to worsening of air quality in the capital and surrounding areas. A Pune-based agri biotech firm recently claimed that it has developed a microbial formulation that can recycle crop residue in the field rather than burning them away and thus help improve soil fertility. Named Speed Kompost, the microbial solution developed by Kan Biosys contains a cocktail of cellulose degrading, starch degrading, protein degrading bacteria and fungi.
straws take normally take long time to decompose on their own even if there is ideal moisture available in the soil. The microbial formulation developed by Kan Biosys in fact accelerates the process, leading to better crop yields. There are several benefits from improving the organic carbon in soil. Besides increasing soil fertility, it helps reduce carbon dioxide released to the atmosphere by burning. That way it also addresses the problem of climate change, Kanitkar said. The stubble burning disrupts the carbon content balance in the soil and Speed Kompost can help restore it, Kanitkar said.
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According to her, the investment required for taking care of crop residues produced in one acre of land is around Rs 2,000, of which Rs 600 is the cost of the product. "Speed Kompost can help improve soil Besides, along with Speed Kompost farmers need to use carbon by incorporating crop residues one bag of urea in each acre of land. efficiently in the soil," said Sandeepa “The farmers in Punjab and Haryana have been burning Kanitkar, Chairperson and Managing the stubble because limited technology options Director of the Kan Biosys, which has available to them. Now that there is an environmentally been working on plant nutrition and safe way of disposing of the agri waste, there is a need soil health management since 2005. to create awareness among them. Besides, they need to
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The Pune firm has been working with some farmers in Punjab and Haryana for the past four years. "We have used the formulation in nearly 20,000 acres. The analysis of 150 samples has shown that the soil carbon levels in those fields where it was used have gone up by 50 per cent from 0.2 per cent to 0.3 per cent in four years," she said.
According to her, the combined area under rice cultivation in Punjab and Haryana is around 1 crore acres. The maximum investment required to take care of the crop residue problem in a season is around Rs 2,000 crore.
As they are rich in silica and lignin, rice
Source: businessline
be financially supported to adopt the safer alternative. There can be substantial environmental and public health benefits accrue from this," Kanitkar told BusinessLine.
West Bengal government plans to raise maize cultivation West Bengal government has decided to raise cultivation of maize in the state by 33% from the current 15 lakh metric tonnes per year to 20 lakh metric tonnes in two years' time.
cloth and makes paper stronger) and as part of the food processing industry for making sauce, gravy, pudding, pies and others.
The further stress on improving maize production comes after the state government won the Krishi Karman Award this year for improvement in maize production in the Maize is an important component of poultry feed and for making biofules. It country. This award has proved the big potential that the is also used in food processing. It is also state has to become one of the biggest producers of the crop in the country. used to make the shell of capsules, Source: economictimes starch (which improves the quality of
2019-2020
CALENDAR OF EVENTS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 01 | November 2019
NOVEMBER
FEBRUARY 2020
Poultry India Date: 27-29 November 2019 Venue: HITEX Exhibition Complex, Hyderabad, Telangana, India Email: info@poultryindia.co.in Web: www.poultryindia.co.in
Feed Tech Expo Date: 7-8 February 2020 Venue: GADVASU, Ludhiana, India Email: feedtechexpo@gmail.com Web: www.feedtechexpo.com
MARCH 2020 DECEMBER Regulation Updates on Animal Feed and Feed Additives in the EU, USA and China Date: 5-6 December 2019 Venue: Rembrandt Hotel, London Email: info@pentec-consulting.eu Web: www.pentec-consulting.eu
International PDFA Dairy & Expo Date: 7-9 December 2019 Venue: Cattle Fair Ground , Jagraon , Distt Ludhiana, Punjab, India Email: info@pdfa.org.in Web: www.pdfa.org.in
JANUARY 2020 WMFmeetsASIA (The World Mycotoxin Forum) Date: 13-15 January 2020 Venue: Hotel Nikko, Bangkok Email: WMFmeetsAsia@btcgroup.nl Web: www.wmfmeetsasia.org
VIV MEA 2020 Date: 9-11 March 2020 Venue: Abu-Dhabi National Exhibition Center Adnec Email: viv.mea@vnuexhibitions.com Web: www.vivmea.nl
ILDEX Vietnam Date: 18-20 March 2020 Venue: SECC, HCM, Vietnam Email: manuel.madani@vnuexhibitions.com Web: www.ildex-vietnam.com
VICTAM Asia and VIV Health & Nutrition Asia Date: 24-26 March 2020 Venue: Bangkok International trade and Exhibition Center (BITEC), Bangkok, Thailand Email: panadda@vnuexhibitionsap.com Web: www.victamasia.com
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International Production & Processing Expo (IPPE) Date: 28-30 January 2020 Venue: Georgia World Congress Center, Atlanta, Georgia USA Email: info@ippexpo.org Web: www.ippexpo.org
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