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Volume 6 | Issue 12 October-2020
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Managing Editor Dr. T.K. Walli Former Head, Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI
Marketing & Advertisement Head
Sustainability is the way forward
A
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n increase in hunger and obesity has been observed by FAO since 2014. Present figure of
hungry population of nearly 690 million looks
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scary and COVID-19 has added further to the worries. This indicates the need to accelerate and scale up actions to strengthen food systems and protect people's livelihoods.
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etc. To promote the diversification of food and nutrition for sustainable living, the FAO has decided to celebrate the World Food Day 2020 on October 16 with a theme of 'Grow, Nourish, Sustain. Together'. The theme calls for collaborative efforts to make healthy food and sustainable habits a part of everyone's lifestyle.
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New technologies like satellite imaging, remote sensing and mobile and block chain Apps can play a promising role in sustainable food production and bring revolutionary changes for smallholder farmers. It has the potential to optimize food chains, increase access to
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nutritious foods, reduce food loss and waste, improve water management, fight against pests and diseases, or prepare farmers for disasters. Improved data analysis will also help governments in developing countries to make better decisions.
Prachi Arora
Dr. Dinesh T. Bhosale Former Chairman, CLFMA of India Dr. S.P. Vinil Poultry Expert Mr. Amit Sachdev Indian Representative, US Grain Council Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand US Soybean Export Council Dr. Suhas Amrutkar Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition, MAFSU, Parbhani Dr. SN Mohanty Former Principal Scientist, CIFA Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta Agricultural Economist Raghavan Sampath Kumar Commodity Expert Dr. Swamy Haladi Feed Additive Expert Dr. R Gnana Sekar Lead Consultant, GS Dairy Farm Consulting Dr. Suraj Amrutkar Assistant Professor, Dept. of ILFC, SKUAST-J, Jammu
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 12 | Oct 2020
Contents R&D
SURVEY 16 Mycotoxin Prevalence in India
05 Mealworms – A key to replace unsustainable feeds
MARKET PROJECTION
ARTICLE
30 Glowlit shares Feed Additive update
06 Importance of Antioxidants and Phytobiotics in Poultry
INDUSTRY NEWS 09 Argentina lowers export taxes on soy for three months
10 Antimicrobial reduction & profitability of the producer 20 Revamping the Phytase Skeletal
26 Role of the Indian aquaculture industry in creating AatmaNirbhar Bharat
FEATURE
28 New hybrid maize with increased productivity for Bihar
14 DSM plans to revolutionize the Animal nutrition sector with its new initiative
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R&D
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 12 | Oct 2020
Mealworms – A key to replace unsustainable feeds energy production of insects to lower the cost of production and the environmental impact of the feed industry,” said Dr Champion. The work will focus on using by-products from other food industry sectors, “therefore embracing circular economic principles and making our products more sustainable,” according to Olivia Champion, founder and CEO of Entec Nutrition.
Entec nutrition, led by academics at the University of Exeter, have won a £250,000 grant from Innovate UK to find ways of producing animal feeds from bugs. Dr Olivia Champion is cofounder of Penryn-based Entec Nutrition along with her University of Exeter colleague Professor Richard Titball who believes that by replacing food like krill, soy and meat in food for farmed salmon, poultry and pets, it could help the UK reach its net zero carbon emissions target. The job now is to find a way of scaling up production to ensure that insect-based foods are both safe and competitively priced compared to its less sustainable alternatives. It's likely that AI will play a part in production methods. “The funding will allow us to explore methods for low-
And if the trials go well, Dr Champion believes that insects could be the answer to the type of feed production that relies on soy and meat which is leading to deforestation and energy intensive farming methods. As population levels rise, it is expected that fish and poultry consumption will increase, generating a greater demand for animal feedstocks, and therefore animal-feed ingredients. The global feed industry is energy-intensive, reliant on international imports, at risk of commodity price hikes, and associated with deforestation. The UK therefore needs to increase feed production resilience to move fish and poultry production towards a sustainable and productive future. Emissions from agriculture are among the issues that must be tackled if the UK is to reach its 2050 target, and insect-based feeds offer a promising method to feed animals in a sustainable, low-
carbon way. Insect meal could also come with a host of other benefits, potentially offering an alternative to fishmeal, the production of which has stagnated. Insects could also be used to replace soybean meal, which contributes to deforestation and to the overall emissions footprint attributed to animal agriculture. In addition to these benefits on the sustainability front, Champion believes the insects could come with a potential financial upside for the feed industry and for producers. “Insects can be produced consistently,” Champion said, “protecting the sector from the price fluctuations that are common within the soymeal and fishmeal markets.” Entec's research team, which will include scientists from Campden BRI and the University of Exeter, will explore ways in which the mealworm's own diet could be modified to create products best suited to the species that may consume it. Different diets could, for example, affect the protein profile of the finished mealworms. The results will not only influence product development within Entec and the broader feed industry, Champion said, but should also help the budding insect meal sector improve the efficiency of its own operations. The study's results are expected to be complete by the end of August 2021.
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ARTICLE Image Source: Zootecnica International
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 12 | Oct 2020
Importance of Antioxidants and Phytobiotics in Poultry Dr. Akash Gupta and Dr. Venket M. Shelke Kemin Industries South Asia
Introduction Poultry products are susceptible to oxidative reaction, particularly lipid oxidation, a major threat to the quality of processed poultry product. Oxidative stress occurs due to imbalance of pre-oxidant and endogenous antioxidant mechanism that damage the cellular component. Heat stress associated with it affects the performance of birds, and involvement of avian viruses weakens the immune response because of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Antioxidants prevent cell damage caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecule that body produces as a reaction to the environment and other stressors. These stressors increase the production of reactive oxygen species, which adversely affect growth performance, decrease immune response, lipid per oxidation and poor quality of meat. Classification of Antioxidant Antioxidant system provides three levels of protection in living cell as below. 1.
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Free radical formation, protected by removing free radical precursor formation using antioxidant enzymes, SOD (superoxide dismutase), glutathione, GSH-Px (Glutathione
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 12 | Oct 2020
Figure-1: Types and classification of Antioxidants. Water SolubleVitamin C, Taurine, Uric Acid
Natural
EnzymesGlutathione peroxidase, catalase, Superoxide dismutase
Antioxidants
Synthetic
oxidized by methionine residue of protein, constituting the mixture of R & S isomers of methionine sulphoxide. Role of Antioxidant in Chicken Embryo Development
peroxide) and metal binding proteins. 2.
3.
This consist of vitamin E, ubiquinol, carotenoids, vitamin A, ascorbic acid, uric acid, etc. Hydroperoxide formed during the reaction with vitamin E and peroxyl radicals is removed because it disturbs cell membrane and its function. Selenium dependent GSH-Px turn hydroperoxide into nonreactive compound. This system eliminates and repair damaged molecule, and include lipases, protease and other enzymes; all forms of free radicals are
Chicken embryo tissue has a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which requires a tissuespecific antioxidant defense. For example, in the brain, the amount of ascorbic acid is higher than Vitamin E, and effective recycling of vitamin E by ascorbic acid maintains successful antioxidant protection even at lower levels of Vitamin E. Besides, a highest selenium glutathione, peroxidase was observed more in the liver and kidney than the brain. The order of selenium (Se) concentration in the tissue of newly hatched chicks was liver>kidney>lungs>heart>b rain>muscle, which makes the brain lipid composition and antioxidant concentration most vulnerable to lipid per
Fat SolubleVitamin A & E, Ubiquinol, Carotenoids
Ethoxyguin, Butylated hydroxyanisole & (BHA) Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT)
oxidation. This situation may develop nutritional encephalomalacia at lower vitamin E or Se supplementation. Further, Vitamin E, Se, and carotenoids are transferred from the feed to egg yolk and further to embryonic tissue. An efficient carry over of Se and Vitamin E from the hen to progeny indicates an increase in the muscle selenium, liver GSH-Px activity, and vitamin E content at hatching. Role of Antioxidant in Male Fertility Avian spermatozoa characterized the by high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids are vulnerable tooxidative stress. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant system in avian semen protect it against ROS and lipid peroxidation. Selenium, sourced from seleno protein of spermatozoa midpiece, which is a phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase- a form of selenium dependent GSH-Px,
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ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 12 | Oct 2020
maintains the sperm quality. Antioxidant protection of mitochondria, a free radical located in the mid piece of spermatozoa is a crucial factor for sperm motility and fertilizing ability. Selenium deficiency in mitochondria causes sperm abnormality and decreased fertilizing ability, which becomes normal with the supplementation of organic selenium. Prevention of Rancid Oxidation in Fat Loss of hydrogen from the unsaturated fatty acid forms free radicals causing lipid per oxidation. Free radical gets converted into fatty acid peroxide free radical and finally into fatty acid hydroperoxide in the absence of Vitamin E or any effective antioxidant. This blocks per oxidation by supplying a hydrogen in free radical formation and reconverting it into original fatty acid. Antioxidant prevents losses of vitamin A and E, and pigmentor (oxy and keto carotenoids) in the mixed feed. Role of Antioxidant Vitamin Supplementation during Heat Stress Lack of sweat glandsin poultry birds and relatively high temperature leads to heat stress. This affects the acid base balance to alkaline balance in avian blood, with a drop in plasma and vitamin C levels in the adrenal cortex. Synthesis of antioxidant vitamins such as Vitamins A, E and C is reduced during heat stress and stimulate release of corticosterone and
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catecholamine, initiating the lipid per oxidation of cell membrane. Vitamin E reduces the negative effect of corticosterone, vitamin C is vital for various biosynthesis(collagen, 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D and adrenaline) and regulation of diverse reaction(secretion of corticosterone, regulation of body temperature and activation of the immune system). Vitamin C enhances the activity of Vitamin E by reducing the tocopherol radical to their active form of Vitamin E.
performance. These originate from the leaves, roots, tuber or fruit of herbs, spices and other plants that are available in solid dried, and ground forms or in extract (essential oil). Antioxidant properties of phytobiotics are mainly related to their phenolic content. i.
Green tea (camellia senensis), contains epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG), epigallactocatechin (EGC), epicatechin-3 gallate (EGC), epicatechin and flavonoids, which inhibit oxidative enzymes. Whereas, a polyphenyl extract from green tea inhibits gram positive andgram-negative bacteria.
ii.
Grape seeds are a rich source of proanthocyanidins (PAs) consisting procyanidin and esterified gallic acid, which inhibits the lipid oxidation of poultry during gastric digestion.
iii.
Cinnamon is a spice with strong antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.
iv.
Oregano leaves contain thymol and carvacrol, which when added to broiler diet reduces the number of oocysts in faeces.
v.
Turmeric containing
Role of Antioxidant in Coccidiosis Free radical oxidative species are produced during host cellular immune response invasion by Eimeria species. However, high concentrations of oxidative molecule leads to tissue damage and cytotoxicity, and partially contributing to the pathology of cell infection. Free radical oxidative species and nitric oxide promote vasodilation and hemorrhages in coccidian infection and are toxic to the parasite and host cells. Eimeria acervulina oocyst motivates increase in lipid peroxidation, oxidative damage and imbalance in antioxidant status. To alleviate oxidative stress, natural(e.g. Vitamin E, Se) and synthetic (e.g. butylated hydroxytoluene) antioxidant are used as feed supplement in poultry. Phytobiotic Antioxidant Phytobiotics are plant derived products added in feed for improved
curcumin, apolyphenolic, has antioxidant antiviral, antifungal, antihypertensive, antiinflammatory and anticarcinogenic activities. It
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stimulates the digestive
Conclusion Antioxidants in feed help to minimize lipid oxidation, improve the keeping quality of premix & feed, and minimizeoxidation in meat after slaughter. Oxidative degradation of lipids in products of natural origin damage biological membrane, enzymes and protein in meat that pose an immediate threat to human health. Feed additives from plants with their high content of natural antioxidant can improve the efficiency of growing poultry without compromising the product quality.
system by promoting
cholesterol content
the intestinal lipase,
resulting in parasitic
maltase and sucrose
death.
activity, and secretion of pancreatic amylase, lipase, chymotrypsin and trypsin. Dietary supplementation of turmeric increases the production of egg and yolk weight, and yolk index. vi.
with cell membrane
Saponins, sourced from Yucca schidigera, form pores in the cell membrane, and prevent the growth of protozoan
vii. Tannins, a potent biological antioxidant used as feed additives, are polyphenolic compound found in the seed coat of many plants and grass cultivators. Tanninshave the antioxidant activity by free radical scavenging method, chelation of transition enzymes and inhibition of peroxidation enzymes.
parasites by interacting
Argentina lowers export taxes on soy for three months Argentina plans to temporarily cut soybean and soymeal export taxes by 3 percentage points to 30% to help stimulate export revenue as the country struggles with recession and dwindling foreign reserves as announced recently. The powerful Argentine Rural Confederation, one of several farmers associations said the measures were unilaterally elaborated and announced since no rural organization had been consulted. The tax cut would last until the end of the year. The export levy would be restored to 33% in January, as part of the government's plan to collect all possible dollars. The government is working on different measures but there have not been any negotiations with the farm sector in this regard.
”They will reduce export taxes by 3% (points) for the rest of this year and restore export taxes to their current levels in January,“ farmers sources said, recalling previous promises yet to be honored. ”The government is expecting that this will induce farmers to increase selling but we are not sure about that.” Argentina's GDP has been shrinking since 2018, after almost a decade of stagnation, and has been dented further by a lockdown against the corona virus pandemic first implemented by the government in mid-March. The central bank has tightened capital controls in a bid to shore up reserves as Argentines dump the local peso currency in favor of safe-haven U.S. dollars. Soybeans are the main cash crop of Argentina. The
country, also a major exporter of corn and wheat, is the world's top supplier of soymeal livestock feed used to fatten hogs and poultry from Europe to Southeast Asia. Last year Argentine soy and its derivatives fetched USD 15.7 billion in export dollars. Argentine farmers have sold 32.2 million tons of soybeans from the 2019/20 season, about 60% of the harvest and 4.4 million less than sales registered at the same point in the previous year, according to official data. The 2020/21 crop will start being planted later this month. The fact is that with a 90% gap between the official exchange rate (some 80 Pesos) and the black market (some 145 Pesos) for the US dollar, plus the levy, farmers receive at the most 60 Pesos for the greenback.
INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 12 | Oct 2020
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ARTICLE
Barbara Brutsaert
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 12 | Oct 2020
Antimicrobial reduction & profitability of the producer Barbara Brutsaert, Trouw Nutrition
From guarding against African Swine outbreaks on farms to protecting against COVID-19 outbreaks in meat packing plants, biosecurity and sanitation measures have recently been in the spotlight. Yet a long-running health concern for livestock producers continues to pose a threat to animal performance, producer economics and ultimately human health antimicrobial resistance. The risk posed by rising rates of antimicrobial resistance is prompting legislative bodies around the globe to enact restrictions on the use of antibiotics for non-therapeutic purposes. The severity of the AMR threat is made clear by aUN Adhoc Interagency Coordinating Group on Antimicrobial Resistance report warning that drug-resistant diseases could cause 10 million deaths by 2050. Despite the grim numbers, encouraging progress is being made when it comes to livestock production. Governments such as the Netherlands have worked with commercial farmers to achieve dramatic reductions in antimicrobial use while maintaining productivity and economics. Understanding the issues at stake is an important first step in meeting the challenge. In this article, the author shares insights that would help frame the challenge as leaders seek
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 12 | Oct 2020
suggest AMR bacteria may spread from animals to their environment and to humans. Such insights led the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017 to recommend farmers stop using antimicrobials for growth promotion purposes and prevention of disease not clinically diagnosed. Antibiotics such as ionophoresuse to control coccidiosis
to meet rising demand for protein production while protecting animal health and producer economics. Connection between antibiotic use in livestock production and human levels of AMR Evidence reveals a correlation between lower antibiotic levels used in food-producing animals and a reduction of AMR bacteria in these animals. This evidence also holds true for humans in direct contact with animals, such as farmers. Limited data prohibits extrapolating solid conclusions, but research into the mechanisms of AMR
Though they are classified as antibiotics, ionophores are typically not used in human medicine. They are often addressed separately with regards to reducing antimicrobial use in poultry production. This practice alludes to the economic significance and animal welfare implications coccidiosis presents, both as a specific condition and as a predisposing factor for other challenges such as necrotic enteritis. Vaccinating birds with virulent or attenuated live strains of coccidia is increasing becoming an alternative to ionophores in many regions of the world. But vaccines are not foolproof as vaccination is more complex and prone to management mistakes. This complexity helps explain to some extent the variations seen in vaccine effectiveness. In addition, vaccination tends to be more expensive than anti-coccidial approaches for treatment of coccidiosis. This depends on the type of vaccine registered (virulent or attenuated live strains) as well as the degree of necrotic enteritis that is otherwise, as
a side effect, managed with ionophores. Ionophores are deemed not important in human health care. As such, resistance against ionophores is not relevant to human health. This observation raises the question as to why the U.S. FDA, for example, includes ionophores in its definition of antibiotics used in livestock production. It is important to note that ionophores are by definition, antibiotics. In addition to their effect on coccidia, ionophores also exert an effect on Clostridium bacteria. Then there is the issue of consumer trust to take into account. The practice of not labeling ionophores as antibiotics could potentially lead to consumer confusion and undermine trust in programs such as “raised without antibiotics” or “no antibiotics ever”. Lastly, it cannot be ruled out that resistance to ionophores could induce cross-resistance to interventions used in human health care –although there is no substantiating proof and this occurrence is deemed highly unlikely. Practice of antibiotic use in poultry production There is little global quantitative data on antibiotic use in livestock to inform estimates. Statistical models have been built by Van Boeckel et al. (2015) based on livestock densities, projection of market demand for meat and estimates of antimicrobial consumption in high-income countries to
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ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 12 | Oct 2020
Figure 1. Global antimicrobial consumption in livestock in milligrams per 10 km2. Source: Van Boeckel et al., 2015
model global use of antibiotics. These models looked at patterns for 2010 and 2030 across various species. Looking at 2010, the models estimated the global average annual consumption of antimicrobials per kilogram of animal was 45 mg/kg, 148 mg/kg and 172 mg/kg for cattle, chicken and pigs, respectively (Figure 1). Projection of antimicrobial use in livestock production Looking at global food production, consumption of antimicrobials is projected to increase 67% by 2030 compared to 2010 levels.
Asia is a key region and the continent is projected to reach 51,851 tons by 2030, representing 82% of global antimicrobial consumption in 2010. More dramatic increases in antimicrobial consumption in some regions compared to others can largely be attributed to a shift toward more intensive production systems as well as more demand for animal protein caused by rising population and income growth in these regions. Figure 2 depicts projected increased growth in demand for poultry meat from 2000
Figure 2. Growth in demand for poultry meat from 2000 to 2030 (in '000 MT)
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2011 T.P. Robinson & F. Pozzi, Mapping supply and demand for animal-source foods to 2030
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to 2030. Legislation supporting antibiotic-reduction initiatives is being proposed and enacted by governments around the globe. The European Union (EU)has emerged as a leader in efforts to reduce antibiotics. For example, in the Netherlands, antibiotic susceptibility testing is mandatory when prescribing third choice, critically important antibiotics. The EU is taking steps to prohibit prophylactic group treatment of animals. And the U.S. Veterinary Feed Directive enacted in 2017 requires that a veterinarian authorize the purchase of medically important antimicrobials. In 2016, China banned the use of colistin as a feed additive and initiated legislative actions to reduce antibiotic use in general and ban infeed antibiotics by 2020. Other Asian regions are also getting on board. Indonesia and Vietnam banned antibiotics for the purpose of growth promotion starting in 2018. These are just a few examples that demonstrate how attention on addressing the AMR threat is growing.
The private sector is also advancing the movement away from antimicrobials. Leading restaurant chains and food brands in the U.S., for example, have introduced varied production schemes ranging from responsible antibiotic use to antibioticfree production. Impact of AMR on animal health and producer profitability Lowering the use of antimicrobials should compromise neither the health nor the welfare of animals. The industry should focus on first reducing the need for antibiotics, with the rationale that healthy animals will not require treatment with antibiotics. Viewed through this lens, it is important to understand that antibiotic overuse will lead to subsequent resistance. In turn, this will not only impact human health care, but will restrict treatment options for animals. By limiting use of antimicrobials, poultry producers can help maintain the efficacy of these important interventions, protecting the health of animals and humans.
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INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 12 | Oct 2020
antimicrobials completely,
and improve producers'
especially when ionophores
bottom lines. Success
are included in the definition
demands an integrated
of “antibiotic-free�
approach and producers
interventions. Trouw
must commit to reviewing
Nutrition's experience
feed formulation, water
working with integrators who
management quality, farm
are leaders in antibiotic
practices and health
reduction have
management. Feed and water
demonstrated it is possible
additives deliver important
to produce broilers without
support in antibiotic
antibiotics (including
reduction programmes.
ionophores) and realize
However, these interventions
comparable and even
require other best practices
improved health and
be implemented across the
performance, along with
production chain. These
greatly improved profitability.
practices begin in the breeder
Steps to reduce or eliminate
flock, continue to the
antimicrobials from
hatchery and extend onto the
production practices
broiler farm. The approach
As noted above, there is a
also involves the feed mill and
strong need to reduce
its production processes and
antimicrobials if we are to
raw material management.
protect human and animal
While no one-size-fits-all model exists, an integrated, custom approach curated to the production environment can help achieve production goals while reducing or even eliminating antimicrobial use in poultry production.
health. But beyond addressing the risks and preserving the efficacy of antibiotics to treat humans and animals, reducing antimicrobial use can also add value to the end product
References available upon request.
Transport orther Suppliers
Ultimately, no silver bullet
Breeding Operation
replacement for antimicrobials exists today. Management practices that are sometimes covered up by antimicrobials need to be addressed and remedied.
Hatchery Feed Mill
Such management mistakes are sometimes revealed when animal health and performance improve after the reduction or removal of antimicrobials. Of course, it is more complex to remove
Transport orther Suppliers
Breeding Operation
Processing plant
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FEATURE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 12 | Oct 2020
DSM plans to revolutionize the Animal nutrition sector with its new initiative A cutting-edge strategic initiative “We Make It Possible� is a mission to lead a robust and achievable transformation worldwide in sustainable animal protein production, and to accelerate solutions that will foster a brighter future. The new initiative reflects the company's commitment not only to be part of the value chain but to be a change agent, steering the global conversations, connecting various stakeholders of the farming ecosystem, thinking ahead, generating ideas, and new ways of working. It is not an impossible challenge One core tenet of We Make It Possible, for example, is to meet the demand for animal protein that is rising alongside the growing population. Over time, this need for everincreasing quantities of animal protein, which is already placing tremendous pressure on the planet's finite natural resources will lead to significant environmental strain, and take our food systems well beyond the planet's boundaries. The time to change is now – it is not an impossible challenge. Though sustainability has been the DSM agenda for a long time, whether it was DSM partnership with Evonik or introducing a methane-reducing feed additive and many such announcements, the Achyuth Iyengar, Director Speciality Solutions Animal Nutrition& Health DSM APAC shares how this new strategy is different. The We Make It Possible initiative comes after many years of investment and innovation in scientific solutions aimed at providing real answers to the challenges facing the agriculture industry, and marks not a new beginning, but a significant acceleration of the journey towards a more sustainable future. DSM embed sustainability as a business driver and enable its customers and partners to deliver sustainable and healthy solutions for the planet and society, creating brighter lives for all.
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 12 | Oct 2020
Difference between developed and developing economies Sharing his thoughts on difference between two economies, he says the scale of the industry certainly happens to be much bigger for the developed markets. The concept of sustainability in developed markets are more about traceability and adoption of environmentally friendly processes, often due to consumer and retailer pressures, whereas in developing markets it is more about survival & better profitability for the farmers. Moreover, consolidation is a feature of developed markets where many large integrators are there in the market with a major chunk of the industry share while developing markets such as India do have a massive market fragmentation. Action Plan For too long, sustainability has been someone else's problem, a problem for tomorrow. The company believes it can make animal farming sustainable – from a social, financial, and environmental perspective – by leading on tangible and actionable solutions that cater to the customer. The company is igniting this belief and commitment internally, leading by example with the following goals to be achieved by 2030: ·reduce its own GHG
emissions by 30% ·75% of power to be
renewably sourced
·increase its energy
efficiency by 1% The company have been recognized as leaders in sustainability: DSM is ranked #1 globally by Sustainalytics, AAA rating in MSCI, with a prime score in ISS-Oekom and a leading position in Vigeo and platinum status in the Ecovadis rating. DSMs climate change strategy received an A-rating from CDP. The unique approach of the company is that it sees sustainability in terms of both input and output—not only how much is it consuming, but also what is it doing to reduce what it is putting into the world. That is what the We Make It Possible initiative is about. The company cannot do this alone but is making it possible by closely collaborating with the customers to create partnerships and connections that help them to solve the biggest global challenges to generate a fair and more prosperous society for all.
feed raw materials and getting more nutrition out of less ·Methane emissions
reduction – a unique feed additive ·Nitrogen and
phosphorus emissions reduction – nitrogen utilization efficiency improvement and optimized phosphorus use and link to manure Above initiative reflects the company's commitment not only to be part of the value chain but to be a change agent, steering the global conversations, connecting the various stakeholders of the farming ecosystem, thinking ahead, generating ideas and new ways of working.
Concrete actions Improving feed conversion ratios and reducing environmental impact through science is paramount. The company has taken the following steps: ·Veramaris business –
sustainable marine resources ·Feed enzyme
developments – soy, corn reduction and helping the feed industry use other local
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SURVEY
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 12 | Oct 2020
Mycotoxin Prevalence in India Main Highlights of Mycotoxin Survey ·1705 samples have been collected for more than 3 years (May'2017-June'2020) from 13 states. ·Mycotoxin risk matrix have been evaluated for four mycotoxins i.e. Aflatoxin, T2 Toxin, Ochratoxin & Fumonisin in six ingredients; soya bean meal, mustard deoiled cake, rice
Keep yourself ahead of mycotoxin threat By analysing ingredients for various mycotoxins and applying appropriate measures
Co-contamination of Mycotoxins is major risk for poultry, which amplify negative impact on poultry performance Co-contamination of Mycotoxins %
No Mycotoxin One Mycotoxin Two Mycotoxins Three Mycotoxins Four Mycotoxins
88% Samples were contaminated with more than one mycotoxin 24% Samples were contaminated with four analysed mycotoxins
Total Number of Samples: 1705
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DDGS Aflatoxin
CGM 100%
Com
Aflatoxin
99%
Aflatoxin
83%
Ochratoxin
97%
Ochratoxin
93%
Ochratoxin
55%
T2
90%
T2
87%
T2
77%
Fumonisin
44%
Fumonisin
91%
Fumonisin
91%
Total Analysis: 5350
Time Frame: 3 years 2 months (May’17-Jun’20
Ingredients 18
States Covered: 13
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 12 | Oct 2020
Total Number of Samples: 1705
polish, corn, corn gluten meal, dried distilleries grain soluble, predominantly used in poultry diet. ·78% samples were contaminated wirh more than one mycotoxin. Co contamination of various mycotoxin can amplify
Total Analysis: 5350
Time Frame: 3 years 2 months (May’17-Jun’20
negative effects on animal performance. ·20% samples were contaminated with two mycotoxins, 34% samples were contaminated with three mycotoxins and 24% samples were contaminated with four
Ingredients 18
States Covered: 13
mycotoxins. ·Aflatoxin is majorly
found mycotoxin in all ingredients, almost 41% samples were above tolerance limits for a aflatoxin followed by T2 & Fumonisin,29% and 25% respectively. ·Corn Gluten Meal is
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SURVEY
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 12 | Oct 2020
highly contaminated with all mycotoxins. ·DDGS is highly contaminated with aflatoxin & T2. ·MDOC & SBM are compareatively cleaner ingredients in terms of mycotoxin contamination. ·West Bengal comes under extreme risk zone, where more than 76% samples were above tolerance level for at least one
mycotoxin. ·Andhra Pradesh comes under severe risk zone, where 51% - 75% samples were above tolerance level at least for one
mycotoxin. ·Rest of other 11 state come under high risk zone, where 26% - 51% samples were above tolerance level at least for one
mycotoxin.
Total Number of Samples: 1705
18
Total Analysis: 5350
Time Frame: 3 years 2 months (May’17-Jun’20
Ingredients 18
States Covered: 13
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ARTICLE Image Source: Feed Strategy
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 12 | Oct 2020
Revamping the Phytase Skeletal Dr Pooja Rawal, Dr Dibyendu Dey, Mr Vinay Kulkarni, Dr C.V. Chandrasekaran Optima Life Sciences Introduction Phosphorus is one of the essential minerals for all the living organisms including poultry. Phosphorus being a part of energy currency, plays a critical role in cellular metabolism as well as also required in bone formation. Phosphorus is bound to Phytic acid in plants thus doesn't get avail to poultry. To compensate this, additionally Phosphorus source supplements such as Dicalcium Phosphate is added in the feed. This addition increases the feed cost and decreases the profitability out of poultry production. In addition to this the bound Phosphorus excreted as it is in the environment thus polluting the environment also (Peter.H.Selle et al). Apart from decreasing phosphorus availability, Phytic acid chelates with various divalent, amino acid and decreases their absorption as well. To overcome aforesaid problems, Phytase development and addition has been a very innovative approach to bring the best out of nutrition and to reduce the cost of production. Phytase catalyses the hydrolysis of Phytate (present in feed) in stepwise manner and releases bound Phosphorus and inositol, thus reducing the cost of additional phosphorus in diet. Solely the addition of phytase wouldn't reduce the cost or would increase the efficiency of production. Various attributes that are associated with the stability of enzymes
20
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 12 | Oct 2020
IP5
IP4
IP3
IP2
IP1
I
P
P
P
P
P
P
Ip6
PHYTASE
increase feed cost. Phytase addition somewhere reduces the feed cost by increasing the availability of Phosphorus and decreasing the requirement of addition of Phosphorus source in the feed. ·Diminishing the
·Ideal feature of Phytase
when in operation ·Thermostability - to
withstand high pelleting temperature. ·Good gastric tolerance
environmental pollution Phosphorus being in bound form, passes in the excreta as such, thus being deposited in the natural resources. Extraction of phosphorus leads to depletion of non-renewable resources. Phytase addition solved this problem to some extent. Attributes Associated with the Addition of Exogeneous Phytase should also be considered to meet out the actual benefit out of the addition of Phytase enzyme. In this article stability parameters linked with phytase and their importance is discussed.
to show its complete activity and to fulfil the purpose it is specifically manufactured for.
In general, enzyme being a biocatalyst should be stable
and stability to resist birds own enzymes. ·Stability at low pH. ·High rate and extent of
Phytate breakdown - to sustain its activity even at low phytate concentration. Graph- Effect of temperature on phytase stability ·Storage stability of
Phytase- storage at room temperature (73°F) or 39 to 73°F at low humidity is
Enzyme stability
Need of Phytase Addition ·Augmenting Phosphorus
release Exogenous phytase when added in the feed releases the bound Phosphorus in stepwise manner and thus increases its availability to the bird.
Storage/Shelf stability
Operational stability
Stability of enzyme when stored i.e., retention of activity over time.
retention of activity when in use. To withstand the pelleting temperature
·Lowering the feed cost
To compensate the deficiency of Phosphorus, additional phosphorus is added in the diet in the form of Dicalcium Phosphate that results in
21
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ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 12 | Oct 2020
8500
condition the common phytase enzyme gets
7500
denatured and loose
Activity (FTU g-I)
6500
enzymatic activity. Limitation
5500
to most commercially available phytase is that they
4500
are inactivated when pelleted
3500
above 75°C-80°C. Moreover,
2500
lower than the desired activity of added phytase in feed can
1500
have a visible negative impact
500
on lameness (weak bones and -500
1
3
2
5
4
6
7
8
egg shell) in poultry. Therefore, it becomes
pH
imperative to provide special A. oryzae
A. niger
S. cerevisae
attention to heat stability of
A. oryzae Regression
A. niger Regression
S. cerevisae Regression
phytase.
Source- Effect of pH and temperature on the activity of phytase products used in broiler nutrition-Naves L de P et al
Methods To Increase Thermostability of Enzyme Phytase with improved
40
thermostability would meet
A 35
B
this enzyme in poultry diet.
C
30 Phtase stability, %
the purpose of inclusion of For a phytase additive to be
D
optimized, it must also be 25
thermally stable. Potentiated Phytase Based
20
on Immobilisation
15
Technique
10
potential benefit of phytase in
In order to increase the poultry diet, it becomes 5
mandatory to increase the heat stability of phytase.
0 180
190 o Conditioning temperature, F
200
Source- Stability of four commercial microbial phytase sources under increasing conditioning temperatures and conditioner retention times during pelleting-C.N. truelock et al
Potentiated phytase is that phytase where its activity is potentiated by a special technology which shall
ideal to optimize phytase
Pelleting Temperature
stability and maximize
Affecting the Exogeneous
phytase activity during
Phytase
storage (Sulabo et al.,
Broiler ration are typically
2011; De Jong et al.,
pelleted to promote improved
2016).
broiler performance but high
·Structural aspect of
Phytase- At present there are 4 classes of phytase that are believed to hydrolyse phytate.
22
pelleting temperature can inactivate the conventional phytase enzyme. Feed pelleting process involves temperature around and even in excess of 80°C, under this
provide protection against high temperature that occur during pelleting and conditioning. Moreover, this technology impairs the enzyme movement in space. Immobilization of enzyme is one of the techniques which enhances the stability of enzyme. Highly thermostable phytase – An enzyme by Optima
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ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 12 | Oct 2020
Figure: Several strategies that have been proposed to improve stability of enzymes.
Histidine acid Phosphatase (HAP) members share common catalytic mechanism and common active site motif. The active site is positively charged at acidic pH in order to bind with negatively charged phytate molecule.
b - Propeller Phytase (BPPhy)consist of b sheets and resembles a six bladed propeller. Requires Ca2+ for its catalytic activity and thermostability. Has two components, an “affinity site” that attracts substrate and an adjacent ‘cleavage site’ that hydrolyze the Phosphate group.
Cysteine Phosphatase (CP)active sites from a loop that functions as a substrate binding pocket unique to protein tyrosine phosphatase
Purple acid phosphatasecontains unique set of seven metal liganding amino acid residues. A binuclear metallic center containing two iron.
Lifesciences, being a potentiated phytase stands out to be an
Thermostability proves to be
indispensable product which is based on a special technology
a reliable parameter for the optimization of Phytase use in
Protection from degradation and deactivation
feed. Enhanced stability
Increase in activity
RELATIVE PHYTASE ACTIVITY 105 16% improvement
100
100
95 90 86
85 80 75 Normal Thermostable Phytase
24
80 oC Ozymer P Advance
Source- Optima life sciences R&D.
that is Thermo-protection
efficacy of Potentiated
technology. Using this
Phytase and assess its activity.
technique enzyme movement
With increase in choice of
has been restricted either
phytase products, there is a
completely or to a small
need for feed producers to
limited region.
compare and optimize
Multiple trials were
phytase addition for
performed in vitro to test the
maximum economic benefit.
Conclusion Poultry sector being one of the developed sectors is moving towards continuous change. To bloom the sector, it is necessary to bring the nutritional parameter also in track. Discovery of exogenous enzymes was a boon to the grooming industry. Economic justification for producers to use Phytase is clear, now it's important for feed manufactures is proven enzyme heat and storage stability. It is imperative to add Phytase in the feed. Addition of thermostable phytase would bring the best out of the discovery of that enzyme. Therefore, the profitability out of addition of exogenous enzyme now relies on selection of phytase which is thermostable. References are available upon request For further information about the enzyme you may get in touch with the author at pooja@optimalife.in
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Image Source: The Economic Times
INDUSTRY NEWS
Role of the Indian aquaculture industry in creating AatmaNirbhar Bharat Aquaculture in India is an important economic activity and a flourishing sector with varied resources and potentials. India ranks third in fisheries production, and second in aquaculture. There is a huge value chain involved globally, and the pandemic has affected the trade not just in exports but also internal consumption. A solution can be reached by increasing aquaculture efficiency, introduction of new methods to increase yield. It is important for those involved with the sector to remain constantly abreast of the newest global advancements. Keeping this thought in mind, several industry experts from India and across the world gathered at a virtual conclave to discuss various topics pertaining to the industry. The Conclave witnessed a host of distinguished speakers from the industry – Mr Amit Saraogi, Anmol Feeds, Mr Tim O'Keefe, Aqua-Food Technologies Inc., Dr. Andy Shinn, Benchmark R&D (Thailand), Mr Umakanth R, Aquaculture Consultant, Asia Subcontinent, USSEC, Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand, Senior Lead, Emerging Market Development, USSEC, Dr. Y. Basavaraju, Former Dean, College of Fisheries, Mangalore, Mr. Ramachandra Raju, President, Society for Indian Fisheries and Aquaculture (SIFA), Mr Anton Immik, CEO, ThinkAqua, Dr. Mohd. Golam Quader Khan, Professor, Dept. of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mr. Raynalfie Rahardjo, Business Development
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 12 | Oct 2020
Manager, JALA, Indonesia and Mr. Tarun Shridhar, Former Secretary, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government of India. Addressing the audience of the conclave, Mr Amit Saraogi, Managing Director, Anmol Feeds, stated, “Fisheries alone has employed 145 million people and contributed to 1.07% of the GDP and generated export earnings of Rs 334.41 billion as per a recent estimate of National Fisheries Development Board. Aquaculture over recent years has not only led to substantial socioeconomic benefits such as increased nutritional levels, income, employment and foreign exchange, but has also brought vast un-utilized and under-utilized land and water resources under culture. The measures announced under the Pradhan Mantri MatsyaSampadaYojna for Fisheries and Shrimp sector to boost export and rural employment are encouraging. These measures will boost rural entrepreneurship; enable wealth creation to boost the economy to make India selfreliant as envisioned by our Hon'ble Prime Minister. Aquaculture can become a huge source of generating employment and livelihood as investment in this sector is less compared to the benefits it can give. It can increase protein availability, create generation of rural employment and help achieve the food security
goals. Especially with all the reverse migration happening across the country, aquaculture, fisheries and shrimp culture can help in rehabilitation of these migrants and help create a livelihood for them.” He further added, “We have a considerable amount of business in our neighbouring countries of Nepal and Bhutan. However, we are unable to reap the benefits of the Export Promotion Capital Goods Scheme as the earning is in Indian currency. I would like to take this platform to request the authorities to kindly look into this unconscious anomaly and help us to boost the economy of the country.” The virtual conclave focused on three main verticalsHealth and Biosecurity to Ensure Safe Production, Culture System Improvisation and Advanced Nutrition for Optimum Growth and Better Production. The keynote speakers shared their vast experience on Aquatic Health & Nutrition while the panel discussion dwelled on how various countries and organizations have put the pandemic behind them and are charting the road ahead. This industry has the capacity to accommodate the migrant labour population and can feed many of the economically challenged. It has the potential to help rebuild the nation's economy and support the economic transformation of rural India. During the course of the
session, keynote speaker Dr. Andy Shinn, Senior Scientist, Benchmark R&D (Thailand) said, “There are perils of ignorance in aquaculture. Timing of treatments must be carefully implemented. In each farm situation the problems may vary. Juveniles and adults must be monitored and treated separately. Disinfecting all farm equipment thoroughly before treating is important. Seeking proper vet advice is essential without misplaced good intention by middlemen. Prepare emergency plans to maintain bio security. Procrastination and recklessness should be avoided in aquaculture.” Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand, Senior Lead, Emerging Market Development, USSEC, added, “A lot has been spoken about in the last few months of COVID regarding immunity and how consumption of protein can boost the immune system. It is a wellknown fact that fish protein is one of the healthiest. There is an opportunity for brands for market creation and boost the aquaculture system riding on this element.” The panel discussed on the learnings for the aquaculture industry from COVID. The eminent panellists emphasized the need for developing market strategy to boost production, marketing the products, responsible management practices and accurate knowledge acquisition by farmers to maintain quality and hygiene for internal as
27
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INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 12 | Oct 2020
well as export markets. India ranks third in fisheries production, and second in aquaculture. India is home to more than 10 percent of the global fish diversity. With diverse resources ranging from deep seas to lakes in the mountains and more than 10% of the global biodiversity in terms of fish and shellfish species since independence, the country has shown continuous and sustained increments in fish production. National Institute of Agricultural Economics and Policy Research reported the projected demand would go
11.80 million metric tonnes by FY21. Fish production rose from 800,000 tons in FY 1950 to 4.1 million tons in the early 1990s. From 1990 through 2010, Indian fish industry accelerated, reaching a total marine and freshwater fish production to about 8 million metric tons. In their two-decade old journey Anmol Feeds have strived to change the narrative of the feed industry by bringing in modern cutting edge technologies, innovative practices and policies for improved feeding, livestock health care, management and trade.
The importance of upskilling of farmers has been one of their core objectives, training them to use modern technology for maximum output which can benefit both the farmer and the country at large. With the reverse migration of labours, it will be important to create livelihood and employment for these fellow countrymen. Animal husbandry especially aquaculture and poultry can become a huge source of generating employment and livelihood as investment in these sectors is less compared to the benefits it can give. Source: indiaeducationdiary
New hybrid maize with increased productivity for Bihar Bayer Crop Science has launched a high-yielding hybrid maize variety for farmers in Bihar for the coming rabi season, the company said in a recent statement. Called DKC 9188, the variety would help farmers in Bihar, which accounts for twothirds of 27 million tonnes maize produced in the country, to increase productivity by preventing losses caused by diseases and insects. DKC 9188provides better plant strength compared to other hybrids and delivers uniform, long corn cobs and shiny grains with strong yield stability and higher yield potential. This new corn hybrid is suited to multiple soil types and a wider
28
sowing window and provides farmers flexibility in their planting decisions. “DKC 9188 with its high yield potential, wider adaptability and strong plant type will empower Bihar's progressive farmers to boost their corn (maize) yields and improve Bihar's contribution to India's national corn output,� said Simon Wiebusch, Chief Operating Officer, in the statement. Bayer is committed to support corn farmers with innovative seed and crop protection products along with integrated crop solutions to help them achieve higher productivity and profitability per acre, Wiebusch further said.
are already leading in maize production and adoption of new technologies. As against the national average productivity of 3 tonnes per hectares, Bihar farmers harvest over 10 tonnes per hectare, which is more or less similar to the average maize productivity in the US. Maize is India's third-largest cereal crop (after rice and wheat), with cultivation across 9 million hectares. Besides being a staple food crop, corn is used as animal feed and biofuel and finds use in a wide range of industrial food products. This makes corn an emerging cereal crop of significant importance for India's
Leader in maize
national food security.
Farmers in the eastern State
Source: businessline
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MARKET PROJECTION
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 12 | Oct 2020
Glowlit shares Feed Additive update The Feed Additive Focus of 3rd week of October takes a look at the latest price changes in Vitamin E50 & Calpan The price of Vitamin E50 has continued its decline this week by 4% compared to last week. Despite the calm in Asia following China's national holiday, Glowlit saw an 18% increase in interest for Vitamin E. Calpan is continuing along a path of stability as it maintains its low price after reaching a peak earlier this year. Although prices remain stable, different regions are seeing significant variance in prices. Glowlit Pro users can see which country has the highest price clearly in the Global Opportunity Map.
India's soybean output estimate Heavy rain is expected to reduce India's domestic soybean production by 15% versus previous expectations, leaving the country – already the world's largest vegetable oil buyer – more reliant upon imports, data published by an Indian trade body showed over recently. In its second estimate, the Soybean Processors Association of India (SOPA) pegged India's crop at 10.46 million mt, down from its initial August estimate of 12.25 million mt, but still 12.3%
30
higher on last year. While SOPA lifted its planted area estimate from its previous view by 1.7% to 11.84 million ha, it slashed its yield forecast from 1.05 mt/ha to 0.88 mt/ha, marginally higher than last year's result of 0.87 mt/ha. The soybean crop in its largest and third-largest producing states of Madhya Pradesh and Rajastan – together responsible for nearly 50% of the national output – were hit the hardest by the heavy rainfall which caused pest damage, SOPA said.
“The soybean crop in Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan was badly affected due to yellow mosaic virus, stem fly, Anthracnose and other pests/disease resulting in low yield and small seed size,” SOPA said in a statement. The crop in the state of Maharashtra, which is India's second-largest producing state and responsible for some 40% of total production, as well as India's other producing states was in “normal to good” condition. Source: agricensus
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