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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 12 | Oct 2017
Crop residues stubbles burning: Wastage of a feed component
C
ome Oct-Nov., when it is the harvest season for paddy, the burning of paddy straw stubbles in the fields of rural areas
Publisher & Editor
of Delhi, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and UP, sends shivers down the
Prachi Arora prachi.a@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
and the pollution levels go up so high that many people suffer from
hearts of Delhites, when the sky is over cast with the dark grey smog respiratory diseases. The carbon dioxide levels may go up by 70%, carbon mono oxide by 7 % and nitrous oxide by 1.2 % during this
Managing Editor
phase. The National Green Tribunal (NGT) in Nov., 2015 had sent
Dr. T.K. Walli Former Head, Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI
directives to the above mentioned 5 states to ban the burning of crop residues stubbles, which was hardly put in place for want of framing out a proper plan. Putting a blanket ban on this burning problem is a kind of ostrich like attitude, easier said than done. Farmers have in fact to be
Marketing & Designing Ashwani Verma info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
educated as what to do with the stubbles, if the burning is banned officially. Since, the field has immediately to be used for the sowing of the next crop, mostly wheat, farmer generally feels helpless and finds no other option but the burn the stubble. Govt. of India promised to help the states and directed these states to give incentives to farmers,
Circulation & Subscription Head
who do not burn their stubbles. Since the output of the straw stubbles
Rahul Bhardwaj info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
is around 20 million tons, giving an incentive of Rs. 100 per quintal of straw stubbles not burnt, amounts to Rs. 2000 crore which the Punjab govt. has to give as incentive to farmers. On the other hand the NGT has also fixed penality to the farmers who burn their straw stubbles, which
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
is : Rs 2500 for small farmers, Rs. 5000 for medium farmers and Rs.
Dr. Dinesh T. Bhosale Former Chairman, CLFMA of India
the burning of straw stubbles in place, farmers, many of whom are debt
15,000 for large farmers. But with no proper procedure for preventing ridden and resorting to commit suicide, find it so difficult to stop the
Mr. Amit Sachdev Indian Representative, US Grain Council
burning of straw stubbles.
Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand US Soybean Export Council
problem head on. The basic problem lies in cutting and collecting the
Dr. Suhas Amrutkar Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition, MAFSU, Parbhani Dr. SN Mohanty Former Principal Scientist, CIFA Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta Agricultural Economist
No one has actually been seriously trying to tackle the stubbles from the field. It needs a specially designed machinery to be made available to the farmers. Since the usage of this machinery is limited, only required for the two months of harvesting of paddy, for the rest of the year, it has no use for the farmers, apart from the fact that it may cost poor farmers a lot. The solution lies in purchasing this machinery by the farmer's cooperative of federation for the cluster of villages. This is the best incentive to be given to the farmer, if the burning of the straw stubbles has to be stopped. Farmer may have to
Dr. Swamy Haladi Feed Additive Expert
pay a nominal amount for collecting and cutting of the stubbles. The available biomass can then be used in a variety of ways, viz. as a
Dr. R Gnana Sekar Lead Consultant, GS Dairy Farm Consulting Dr. Suraj Amrutkar Assistant Professor, Dept. of ILFC, SKUAST-J, Jammu
component of complete feed block, for making straw bales and pellets as a feed component for ruminants. Apart from that, it can be used as a biofuel or for the production of thermal power.
T. K. Walli www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in www.benisonmedia.com
Monthly Magazine for Feed & Feed Technology
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 12 | Oct 2017
Vollume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015
Contents RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
INTERVIEW
05 A new cotton variety: A safe protein source for non-ruminants MARKET PROJECTION
08 Overview on Innovations in Feed Mill Efficiency and Feed Safety
14 Innovations in Feed Mill Efficiency and Feed Safety EVENT COVERAGE 26 CLFMA of India celebrates Golden Jubilee of its existence
ARTICLE
16 Nutritional Significance of Dietary Cation Anion Difference (DCAD) in Transition Cows
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Printed by: Jaiswal Printing Press | Published by: Prachi Arora | On behalf of: BENISON Media | Printed at: Chaura Bazar, Karnal-132001, Haryana | Published at: SCO-17, 2nd Floor, Mugal Canal Market, Karnal-132001, Haryana | Editor: Prachi Arora Think Grain Think Feed is a monthly magazine published by BENISON Media at its office in Karnal. Editorial policy is independent. Views expressed by authors are not necessarily those held by the editors. The data/information provided in the magazine is sourced through various sources and the publisher considers its sources reliable and verifies as much data as possible. However, the publisher accepts no liability for the material herein and consequently readers using this information do so at their own risk. Although persons and companies mentioned herein are believed to be reputable, neither BENISON Media, nor any of its employees or contributors accept any responsibility whatsoever for such persons’ and companies’ activities. All legal matters are subjected to Karnal Jurisdiction. Disclaimer : The published material and images are sourced from various websites and newspapers, and used for information purpose only, if you have any issue, please inform us at info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in. BENISON Media or Think Grain Think Feed is not liable for any claim prior to written information.
Image Source: Multimedia
R&D
A new cotton variety: A safe protein source for non-ruminants Tej K. Walli , BENISON Media
gossypol, which causes toxicity in poultry. However recently, US researchers, at A & M University, Texas, US (Rathore et al, Feedipeia, 2017) have developed a gossypol-free variety of cottonseed. Toxicity caused by gossypol Cottonseed as such or cotton seed cake, are both used as a proteineous feed ingredients for ruminants. In fact, it has been reported that feeding of seed as such or the cake increases the fat content in the milk of cows and buffaloes. The toxic principal, viz. “Gossypol” present in the cake gets bound to proteins in the rumen to form a complex. Therefore, its feeding to adult ruminants generally does not cause any toxicity. Sometimes even adult cattle can suffer from gossypol toxicity above a certain level of consumption of cottonseed/ cotton seed cake. Young animals, without fully developed rumen, are more sensitive to gossypol compared to the adult ruminants. However, monogastric animals such as pigs, birds, fish, and rodents are more susceptible to gossypol toxicity. Biotechnological approach for the elimination of gossypol Cottonseed and its cake as such has the potential to be used in the diet of non ruminants as well. But before that we have to get rid of the culprit hidden in the seed,
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Cotton is one of the largest producing crops around the world. The plant provides cotton fibre as the raw material for the textile industry. The ”byproduct” of cotton harvest is cottonseed and its yield is 1.65 times more than the weight of the cotton produced. Cottonseed consists of 21% oil and relatively high-quality protein (23%). But the cotton plant also has another – unwanted component: i.e. “Gossypol”, which is present in the seed and gets transferred into cake as well as oil after oil extraction. This is a secondary metabolite and serves as a defense compound for the plant due do its bitter taste. The free gossypol gets detoxified in rumen by the formation of gossypol-protein complex. Therefore, its consumption does not cause any harmful effects when incorporated into the diet of adult ruminants. In fact, cotton seed cake serves as a naturally occurring bypass protein for ruminants. However, the non-ruminants are too sensitive to
05
R&D
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 12 | Oct 2017
the “Gossypol�. The elimination of gossypol could be a boon for cottonproducing countries, which unfortunately are also those, the ones suffering from feed shortage and more specifically protein shortage. After the elimination of the toxin, its seed or the oil cake can be used as a protein source for poultry, swine or aquaculture species. The elimination from the cottonseed has been a long-standing goal of geneticists and cottonseed processors. In the 90s, biotechnology tools were able to identify the first gene that encodes an important enzyme involved at a critical step in gossypol biosynthetic pathway of the gossypol. In addition, another important component, a DNA sequence that can be used to control seed-specific expression or silencing of a given gene was also isolated from cotton and genetically characterized.
seed (the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization guidelines permit up to 600 ppm free gossypol in edible cottonseed products). The Ultra-low Gossypol Cottonseed (ULGCS), developed by the US researchers has been further tested in the field as a feed ingredient for non-ruminants. The field results have shown that egg and broiler production could be done most efficiently, using the ULGCS. This news can bring cheer to Indian feed, poultry, pig and aqua industries, which is reeling under shortage of protein feeds. India being the biggest cotton producer in the world is also experiencing increasing consumption of eggs and poultry, and also fish. ULGCS has shown the promise as fishmeal replacement. This has been recently demonstrated in the diets of shrimp and juvenile Southern flounder by Richardson et al., 2016 and Alam et al., unpublished. Texas A&M
. In the late 90s, the biological
poultry feeding studies to fully evaluate the nutritional
as RNA interference (RNAi) that can
INDUSTRY NEWS
gossypol from ~10,000 ppm to about 250 ppm in the
University is planning additional aquaculture and
natural biological phenomenon known
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combination of these three tools and technologies to engineer a cotton plant that resulted in the reduction of
Production of Ultra-low Gossypol Cottonseed community came to understand a
06
also be used to silence a desired gene in an eukaryotic organism. A team at Texas A&M University used a
value of ULGCS. Source: Feedipedia.org. The author is not the part of the A&M Texas University Research Group, but has modified the original paper, to suit the TGTF readership
Estimate of S&D balance in China's corn market China's plant to increase the use of bioethanol will not have a significant impact on the grain market, and it would be unrealistic for the country to import large amounts of corn for the industry's development, a government official told Xinhua Net. "The government plan to increase ethanol fuel production was for consuming corn stocks," said Han Jun, director of the central agricultural work leading team office, at a press conference. Years of support for corn farmers has left China with a substantial stockpile. In 2016, China's corn output stood at around 220 million tonnes, while stocks amounted to 230 million tonnes. According to government estimates,
China's stockpile will suffice to meet demand in the short term, Han said, achieving a supply-demand balance in the corn market in three to five years. For China, the basic principle of developing biofuel is not to pose threat to food security, Jun explained. China launched corn-to-ethanol pilot programmes in 2004 as part of efforts to cut emissions and advance new energy, and it is the world's third-largest bioethanol producer, using nearly 2.6 million tonnes a year. Earlier this month, China said it wanted nationwide use of bioethanol gasoline by 2020, and aimed to have an advanced liquid biofuel system and demonstration facility in operation by then, capable of producing 50,000 tonnes of cellulosic ethanol a year. To reduce corn stocks, China said it would reduce its corn planting area by around 670,000 hectares and switch to other crops in 2017. Suorce: Biofuels International
PELLETING TIPS
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Innovations in Feed Mill Efficiency and Feed Safety
www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
Swamy Haladi, Kai-J. Kuehlmann, Paul Koolen, Trouw Nutrition
08
There has been consistent increase in the demand on human food supply from farmed animals in line with increase in global human population. Animal protein supply has to be affordable and better feed efficiency of livestock and poultry will play a major role in realizing this demand. Feed cost accounts for more than 70% of poultry production cost and hence, efficient feed milling can reduce the cost of feed production. In addition to affordability, the modern agriculture has focused on feed safety as a global concern for several years now. India's growing middle and upper social strata show
strong conscience towards high food quality and safety prompting feed millers and integrators to use best feed management strategies to keep molds, bacteria and mycotoxins at bay. This article reviews recent innovations in feed mill efficiency, mold and mycotoxin management. Feed mill challenges Although initially, feed raw materials have an average moisture content of 12%, its hammer-millcrushing, grinding and ingredient mixing stages let moisture evaporate and thereby decrease the initial moisture content often to below 11%.To become profitable, this loss needs to be recovered to obtain 12% moisture in the finished feed. Figure 1 illustrates a typical moisture profile during the feed manufacturing process. Inferior quality wet steam added during feed conditioning, however,
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 12 | Oct 2017
initially contained by its feed raw material ingredients, leading to a financial feed efficiency loss. Such losses have a significant impact on a commercial millers' management by feed volume, quality and value. Poultry integrators often suffer from reduced bird's growth performance. Further, the Indian poultry feed industry suffers from poor pellet feed quality in terms of PDI, hardness, fines, etc. The main reason, along with many other factors, for poor pellet quality seems to stem from the use of poor quality steam. Since the Indian modern agricultural industry is fully aware of the presence of molds, pathogenic bacteria and mycotoxins causing strong economical setbacks in feed quality, animal health condition and ultimate profitability, proper management strategies to combat these feed-efficiency impacting trilogy need to be implemented for strong animal health performance and quality assurance. Feed mill solutions Commonly water is added into the feed mixer to prevent moisture loss during feed production in spite of knowingtwo major risks; (i) wetting the feed dough increases the feedstuff's surface tension (ii) potential mold growth. Surfactants reduce the surface tension and allow even moisture penetration of mixed feedstuff, thereby reducing mold formation by wet spots(Figure 2). The feed dough becomes smoother consuming less energy and higher dies throughput. Here strong production capacity improvements and energy savings can be obtained as the pelletizer accounts for about half the energy condensates during the cooling stage consumed during feed milling. resulting in vast breeding grounds for Activated propionates
Moisture % in feed
Figure 1. Moisture content in feed during processing
Moldgrowth infeed raw materials and processed feeds are persistent during harvest, transportation, storage and processing periods and become a higher challenge under tropical humid and warm climate conditions. Aside from consuming the feed raw materials' nutrients, molds produce mycotoxins or block respiratory functions – all leading to heavy impacts on animal's health and performance. Mold Figure 2 - Mode of action of surfactants mixture Surfactants mixture dosed to feed particles
Surfactants reduce the water surface tension
Even distribution of surfactants and water
Increased water binding capacity
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molds and bacteria around the feed particles. Dry steam application in the conditioner is more challenging compared to wet steam application.To avoid mold and bacterial contamination of feed during the cooling process, often finished feeds are being produced with lower moisture content than
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PELLETING TIPS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 12 | Oct 2017
Figure 3 – Destabilization of cell membrane with micelles of activated propionates
Cell wall
Cell wall
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cell membrane
Cell membrane
Cell cytoplasm
Cell cytoplasm
Cell cytoplasm
Step1
Step2
control is commonly being managed with propionic acid and its salts. To more efficiently break through the mold's cell wall, micelle-driven activated propionates can be used as they increase the cell wall's porosity.This leads to stronger decrease in the mold's cytoplasmic pH leading to cell death (Figure 3). The synergistic mold-inhibiting acid blend further assures a long lasting antifungal effect. Feed moisture management through efficient dosing systems Moisture retention times above 80% are key factors for high quality feed storage with concomitant moisture and nutritional levels prior to animal feeding. The Moisture Management System (MMS) with its real-time in line moisture determination during feed mixing guarantees optimal moisture content throughput and strong mold and bacterial inhibition during feed processing. The MMSis available as moisture measuring (i)
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Figure 4-Illustration of moisture management system
10
Step3
“stand-alone” and (ii) interface-card connected application paves the way for optimal feed mill operation with high quality standards by adjusting the water-mold-inhibiting-product mix to the realtime moisture content of the raw feed materials during mixing. The rapid mycotoxin analysis Out of the more than 500 mycotoxins presently known, six (AF, DON, FUM, OTA, T-2/HT-2 and ZEA) are being recognized as the most harmful to livestock growth and health performance, especially considering the use of multiple feed ingredients. Thus, strong and effective quality control is needed to restrict and allow only high quality feed raw material entrance to feed mills. Here, a rapid mycotoxin analysis needs to be in place! Sophisticated analytical methods, such as HPLC and LC-MS/MS are certainly more precise; however, timeconsuming to obtain acceptable results at the feed mills entrance area. Hence, a rapid mycotoxin analysis kit is developed which can analyze the most animal-performance inhibiting six mycotoxins of present industry relevance in less than 15 min based on theanalytical lateral flow-technology. Additionally, customers analyzing their more than 50 feed raw materials and finished feeds by using this technology, can get connected to master database called “The Nutriopt Mycotoxin Advisor”. Real-time regional mycotoxin analyzed updates comparable with their own nondisclosed situation will be provided to the customers and also the respective advise on inclusion rates of mycotoxin binder into feed. This is a unique approach to assist quality assurance and animal health performance in modern feed milling of India. Conclusions
Microwave moisture sensor
Data management system automatic dosing adjustment
13% Target moisture 13%
Process value
Enhanced process moisture management and microbial risk management assist poultry producers in assuring feed safety and to further increaseprofitabilityfrom their feed sales or poultry performance. To know more about rapid mycotoxin analysis kit, please contact Swamy.Haladi@trouwnutrition.com
Tel :+74952871354
INDUSTRY NEWS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 12 | Oct 2017
ICAR aims to raise oilseed output by 40% to 45mn ton by 2022 ICAR, the government's premier agricultural research body, aims to increase oilseeds production by 40 per cent in the next five years to 45 million tonnes by bringing more area under cultivation and raising crop yield. “The increase in oilseeds output would help the country in cutting down import of vegetable oils to less than 50 per cent from the current 70 per cent,” A Vishnuvardhan Reddy, Director, Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, said. India produced 32.1 million tonnes of oilseeds in the 2016–17 crop year (July–June) from 26.21 million hectares at a productivity of 1,225 kg per hectare. The country imported about 14.5 million tonnes of vegetable oils in 2016–17. “An action plan has been prepared to bring at least an additional 3.5 million hectares area under oilseeds crops in the next five years,” Reddy said. “The institute has identified 17.5 million hectares of fallow land in various states and out of that it wants at least 3.5 million hectares to be brought under oilseeds crop,” he added.
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“We are also targeting to increase
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said. “Increase in area to about 30 million hectares coupled with higher yield of 15 quintal per hectare will lead to increase in production to 45 million tonnes in the next five years,” he said. “Production of 45 million tonnes of oilseeds would reduce our import dependence to less than 50 per cent from the current about 70 per cent,” Reddy said, adding that the country could become self sufficient in the next 10 years. He highlighted that area under oilseeds has grown 1.88 times, while production has risen by 4.99 times and yield 2.86 times since 1966–67. Reddy emphasised on improving irrigation facility and transfer of latest technology to farmers to boost yield and output of rainfed oilseeds crop. “The country imported edible oil worth 73,048 crore in 2016–17 and exported oils, cakes and meals worth Rs 20,913 crore,” Reddy said. He said the consumption of edible oil has risen to 18 kg per year and is estimated to touch nearly 22 kg annually by 2022. “Ideally, we should consume 11-12 kg,” Reddy said. The ICAR institute has pegged the total vegetable oil requirement at 33.20 million tonnes by 2022 and estimated that 17.03 million tonnes would be available from domestic market and over 16 million tonnes would be imported. “With the economy doing well and income levels going up, per capita edible oil consumption has risen to approximately 17 kg. During the nineties, our dependence on imported oils was only about 3 per
average productivity to 1,500 kg per
cent of our overall consumption. However, this has
hectare in next five year from current
now ballooned to about 70 per cent,” edible oil
1,225 kg per hectare through use of
industry body SEA said recently.
good agricultural practices,” Reddy
Source: Business Line
Vietnam: Animal feed, corn imports from Argentina account for large share Argentina is the largest exporter of animal feed and corn for Vietnam from South America with a value of US$1.6 billion in the first eight months of this year, according to the General Department of Vietnam Customs. In the period, animal feed and corn accounted for 86% of total import
value. Vietnam imported more than US$1 billion of animal feed and materials from Argentina (up 4.92%) and 2.7 million tons of corn valued at US$525.7 million (up 54.66% in volume and 59.83% in value against the same period last year). In general, 87.5% of import products from Argentina saw a growth in eight months, particularly cotton (up 357.07% to US$6 million). Source: Thai News Service
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 12 | Oct 2017
Exports of feed grains break record-USDA Based on figures provided Oct. 5 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and analyzed by the U.S. Grains Council (USGC), the U.S. exported 114.1 million metric tons of feed grains in all forms (GIAF) from September 2016 to August 2017, a 12% increase from the prior year and a new record for the category. U.S. corn exports realized substantial gains, with the most exports since 2007-08, as 58.1 million tons (2.29 billion bu.) of U.S. corn were exported in the marketing year, USGC noted. The 21% year-over-year increase was driven by purchases made by long-term trading partners such as Mexico, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan as well as increased exports to markets like Saudi Arabia, Colombia and Peru.
driven by increased exports to Brazil and India. Additionally, USGC said the quantity of U.S. exports of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) stayed steady with the previous marketing year, at 12.9 million tons exported. “The global market for U.S. DDGS diversified significantly with increased purchasing by numerous customers, including Mexico, Turkey, South Korea, Canada and even New Zealand. The increases offset a substantial decrease by the top two traditional buyers -China and Vietnam -- which faced policy challenges,� USGC said. In contrast, U.S. exports of both sorghum and barley declined in the 2016-17 marketing year, primarily due to decreases in the exportable supply. With continued purchases by Mexico, China and other buyers, U.S. sorghum exports totaled 6.04 million tons (238 million bu.), a 30% drop over the year but still greater than the prior five-year average of 5.3 million tons (209 million bu.).
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Record-setting U.S. ethanol sales U.S. barley exports totaled nearly 114,000 tons (5.22 surged even higher, with 1.37 billion million bu.), with important purchases for Japan's food gal. (488 million bu. in corn equivalent) barley market as well as brewers in Mexico. exported, a 34% year-over-year increase Source: farmprogress
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 12 | Oct 2017
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Raghavan Sampathkumar
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Mr Raghavan Sampathkumar is an agribusiness professional with 13+ years of experience working in Corporate and industry association in different subsectors of Food, Agriculture and Animal industries across Asia Pacific, has joined The Compound Livestock Feed Manufacturers Association (CLFMA) as their Executive Director.
Well, as you have been serving the Asian commodity market for last 5 years, we would like to know your understanding of the Indian feed commodity market vis-a-vis Asian feed ingredient market? India's feed industry is reliant upon raw materials and ingredients mostly produced domestically, while several Asian countries are dependent on imports. Though maize and soybean form the biggest chunk of raw materials, India's rich crop diversity is indeed very unique and proves valuable in feed formulations. However, more research is needed towards making these more commercially viable so that the industry has a wider array of raw materials to choose from. Could you share some statistics that may illustrate S&D of feed business in the country? India produced about 31 million tonnes (Source: Alltech feed survey 2017). Around three-fourth of it is consumed by the poultry sector (broiler and layer) and the cattle (dairy) and aqua segments form the rest. But if the feed demand is to be worked out based on the recommended international standards, India's dairy sector has enormous potential of over 60 million tonnes. Similarly, Aqua segment is one of the fast growing segments and its demand could rise exponentially from the current level of around 1 million tonnes. In your view, what are the main problems the Indian livestock sector is facing and what are your suggestions? We are one of the most efficient producers of meat and egg globally and yet we still have many challenges to
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areas that can be addressed on priority. Firstly, productivity of crops such as pulses needs to be improved, which will make them more affordable. Second, the possibility of using more plant proteins for animal protein production must be explored and more research is needed on this. Coming to the animal feed side, already the feed industry is doing all it can to maximise protein efficiency from diverse feed raw materials and research efforts are going on to make better use of the existing raw materials and also new ones. However, globally, other alternatives such as insect proteins have already been commercially available. It is only a matter of time before we see them in India.
Firstly, CLFMA of India thanks the Government for exempting animal feed under the GST regime acknowledging its enormous contribution towards the overcome. India's poultry industry is nation's food and nutritional security. In general, GST one of the most efficient in terms of has simplified the taxation framework but still there are FCR. Similarly, India is one of the some sector-specific issues related to feed raw materials prominent exporters of meat and ingredients, on which we are working closely with particularly bovine meat and egg the authorities concerned. The industry always supports scientifically-sound and unbiased policy and regulatory globally. We have our stronghold in frameworks and is committed to work with the certain markets including Middle East. It is true that there are challenges but it stakeholders. One of the immediate priorities would be to have policies to maximize investments in improving is not appropriate to generalise the processing, logistical and distribution infrastructure for issues that are unique to each segment. agricultural products. Obviously, in dairy sector, more needs Please give your own assessment with regard to the to be done in terms of improving the future of Indian Feed Industry. genetic potential of animals and India's food demand is growing enormously and our encouraging use of high quality, median age is about 30. With such a large chunk of nutritious feed. However, some youth, our potential is huge in every sector. Particularly, suggestions such as boosting India's growing middle class and urbanization is driving investments in cold storage, logistics protein demand and the country's animal feed sector is and processing of meat and milk; also catching up fast to cater to the increased demand building consumer awareness about for feed. I am personally quite optimistic about the health and nutrition aspects towards industry's CAGR of around 8% in the medium and long animal protein; and supportive tax run when I look at all the macroeconomic and frameworks are needed to propel the demographic indicators. livestock industry's growth further. What kind of changes one may expect from your What are the different ways to address the growing protein
new role assigned to you by CLFMA of India?
We just turned 50 years and if we look back there are some great milestones achieved and yet there are always areas to improve. We are looking to strengthen industry? CLFMA's internal capabilities and our abilities to This question must be a subset of how represent our members more effectively. Also, we will the country's overall protein demand is play more active role in leading agenda for the growth going to be met and how the animal of India's animal protein sector in general and will be protein sector can play an enhanced further enhancing our engagement with all stakeholders role. Having worked in the plant protein including in the government, academia and other sector also, I would say there is no related industries henceforth. simple answer to it but there are some requirement of Indian Animal feed
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Due to GST impact, India's GDP grew 5.7 percent on a year-on-year basis during the April-June period (Q1). Can you please share its impact over Indian feed industry? What policy changes do you recommend for its growth?
15
ARTICLE Image Source: Agriland
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 12 | Oct 2017
Nutritional Significance of Dietary Cation Anion Difference (DCAD) in Transition Cows Dr Manish Pathak, Kemin Industries South Asia
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Introduction
16
Dietary Cation-Anion Difference(DCAD) balancing is a complex concept but has simple and profound effect on performance and health of dairy animals. It exerts strong and linear effect on metabolic disease (Hypocalcaemia or milk fever). It plays vital role in transition period. DCAD deals with mineral homeostasis and acid base balance. Milk fever (periparturient paresis) occurs in dairy cattle after calving because of low blood calcium levels as result of calcium moving into milk. There are about 23 grams of calcium in 10 litres of colostrum, and when this is added to the normal amount of calcium needed for maintenance, the needs of the cow can be more than 10 times the supply of calcium in her bloodstream. When the demand for calcium is greater than the supply in the blood this can cause the problems of milk fever, unless the cow can rapidly mobilize stored
calcium in her body (e.g. in bones) to offset the situation. A nutritional approach to managing milk fever involves monitoring specific elements in the diet. Dietary Management during Prepartum period For purpose of optimal nutritional management of dairy cows which are fed prepared feeds, the dry period is divided into two distinct categories-far-off dry and close- up or transition groups respectively. Minerals nutrition of close-up group is highly significant. Minerals should be provided to close-up cows in known quantities either as part of grain mixture or total mixed ration (TMR). Calcium and Phosphorus nutrition Diets high in calcium during the prepartum can result in high incidence of milk fever and diets low in calcium will reduce the incidence of milk fever in dairy cows. Feeding more than 100gm of calcium daily during dry period is associated with increased incidence of milk fever. A cow weighing 500 kg requires only 33gm daily Ca to meets its fetal and maintenance demands in last two months of gestation. Diets with low calcium 20gm/day fed during last two weeks before calving is highly effective. Low dietary calcium activates calcium homeostatic mechanisms before calving which helps
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determined. A mineral analysis by wet chemistry, not by near-infrared (NIR) analysis is important. Another consideration is to adjust for the cations and anions present in drinking water. Not all minerals in water are necessarily nutritionally available to the cow but water high in cations or anions could affect the DCAB. DCAD only measures the levels of four macrominerals in the diet: Cations (+): Sodium (Na) & Potassium(K) Anions (-): Chloride (Cl) & Sulphur (S). Measured in mEq/kg of dry matter Sodium + Potassium) - (Chloride + Sulphur) = DCAD The equation does not include other dietary cations and anions like Ca2, Mg2, and PO4 which have a minor role. This is a more accurate and practical method of controlling milk fever. Milliequivalents (mEq): Milliequivalents are calculated by multiplying the content of each element in the diet by a conversion factor.
Cation-anion difference (DCAD) The calculation for DCAD requires converting the various anions and cations in a diet into milliequivalents (mEq). This is done because of the different chemistry of each element and a system that accounts for the impact of each one in the balance calculation is necessary. DCAD is reported in mEq/kg of diet. The DCAB equation involves subtracting the mEq of anions from the mEq of cations and the result can be positive or negative. An important aspect of evaluating a diet for DCAD is that the mineral content of the diet has been accurately
Mineral
Conversion Factor
Sodium
435
Potassium
256
Chloride
282
Sulphur
624
Positive DCAD More Cations (+) than anions (-) in feed leads to the production of more blood buffers and less hydrogen ion (metabolic alkalosis).This should be strictly avoided in transition period. Negative DCAD More anions (-) than cations (+) in feed leads to the reduction of blood buffers and allows for accumulation of hydrogen ion (metabolic acidosis). Diets high in cations, especially sodium and potassium, tends to induce milk fever compared with those high in anions viz chloride and sulphur. Most studies indicate that a DCAD of -50 to -100 mEq/kg DM is optimal for prevention of milk fever. Supplementation of diets in the last 3 weeks prepartum with anionic salts at a rate sufficient to decrease DCAD to -15mEq/100gm of dietary DM and urine pH to 6.0 prevented most cases of parturient hypocalcaemia. Monitoring urine pH can be a useful aid to find the effective intermediate inclusion rate and it is suggested that a urine pH of about 6.5 is ideal. Commercial anionic products fed to non-lactating dairy cows in a total mixed ration, after 4 days reduced urine pH below the desired threshold level of 6.5. Effect of DCAD on Dry matter intake, performance in pre-and postpartum dairy cows Cows had numerically lowered DMI in transition period
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cow to absorb intestinal calcium and to mobilize calcium from bone. At least 14 days low calcium diets are required for minimizing the risk of milk fever. Supplementing dry cow ration with sodium aluminium silicate and soyabean oil during last two weeks of pregnancy is effective in preventing milk fever. They both act as dietary calcium binder. Increased level of phosphorus, >80gm per head /day, can also increase the incidence of milk fever. Increased serum phosphorus has an inhibitory effect on renal enzymes, when lowered will reduce intestinal calcium absorption.
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ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 12 | Oct 2017
with reduced DCAD. It is advisable to select more palatable anion sources or a reduced dose of anion sources if DMI is depressed.eg Ammonium chloride, Magnesium sulphate, Magnesium chloride. Ammonium chloride is more effective than most other salts as an acidifier and useful practically in control of milk fever. About 11% dry matter intake (DMI) and 9% milk yield were increased in early lactating cows fed +200 vs. - 100 DCAD diet. Various research says that milk fat and total solid percentages and 4% FCM yield increased for cows fed positive DCAD in early lactation period. 21% incidence of milk fever is reduced when ammonium chloride is used. Effect of DCAD on Metabolic disorders in pre and postpartum dairy cows The prevalence of hypocalcemia is as high as 70% for multiparous cows, although only 8% exhibited clinical hypocalcemia that lowers the 16% yearly milk yield. Feeding low DCAD during the 3 to 4 week before calving had beneficial effects on systemic acid-base status, calcium metabolism, Ketosis, fatty liver, mastitis, udder edema and also postpartum productive performance. However, feeding negative DCAD to periparturient dairy cows proved a useful nutritional practice. Hypocalcemia is a predisposing factor for dystocia, prolapsed uterus, retained placenta and early metritis. So feeding negative DCAD and positive DCAD pre and postpartum is seen highly significant to control metabolic disorders.
Role of Magnesium in DCAD balancing In transition dietary magnesium should be balanced to 0.4% DM It is seen that complications like milk fever and Downer's Cow are more prevalent in postpartum. Magnesuim chloride is commonly used in transition to cure such complications. Management of DCAD by application of gluconeogenic precursors and anionic salts. Commonly it is seen that there is reduced DMI in transition phase which leads to negative energy in transition cows, if this negative energy is not cured milk fever, ketosis, Downer's cows, phosphorus deficiency like metabolic disorder prevails which is lethal for milk production. In that case, a gluconeogenic precursor is highly effective, It not only combats negative energy with help of anionic salts like ammonium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride but also counteracts with disorders like milk fever, ketosis and other metabolic problems which means that simultaneous use of anionic salts help in management of DCAD. Conclusions Supplementation of –ve DCAD during transition leads to increase blood calcium, which prevents milk fever, reduces udder odema, retained placenta and displaced abomasum and ketosis in postpartum cows. 1.
If a diet is calculated to be +200 mEq/kg dry matter or more, a switch to lower potassium forages in the dry cow diet should be considered first. In some cases, the introduction of anionic products, particularly the older anionic salts, can reduce feed intake because they may be unpalatable. Reduced feed intake before calving can create bigger problems than milk fever, such as displaced abomasum and ketosis. Simultaneous use of anionic salts like calcium chloride or ammonium chloride along with some gluconeogenic precursor, not only combats negative energy but helps to manage DCAD efficiently.
2.
The DCAD in the transition diet should be between negative-50 to -100mEq/kg dry matter to effectively control milk fever and low blood calcium.
3.
Avoid usage of green fodder like jowar, sorghum, berseem, alfa-alfa and wheat straw to attain negative DCAD, because they are rich in sodium and potassium. Use corn silage, corn green to attain negative DCAD.
4.
Monitor cow urine when using anionic products. Urine pH is a reasonable indicator of metabolic pH status and reflects the effectiveness of anionic products. Urine pH should be 6.0 to 6.5 for Holsteins and 5.5 to 6.0 for Jerseys.
5.
A gradual introduction to anionic products and gluconeogenic precursor incorporating them into a total mixed ration (TMR) can reduce palatability problems.
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Role of fodder in DCAD balancing
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Green fodder plays vital in DCAD either it is positive or negative. During close up phase for achieving negative DCAD green fodder like sorghum, jowar, berseem, alfalfa and dry fodder wheat straw should be eliminated from diet because they are rich source of sodium and potassium, Instead, one should use corn silage, maize green and concentrates. Practical experience shows that feeding green fodder like sorghum, jowar and leguminous fodder has detrimental effect on health status of cow which are seen in terms of udder oedema, Retention of Placenta (ROP) teat bleeding soon after calving.
To know more about gluconeogenic precursor, please contact manish.pathak@kemin.com Reference are available on request.
INDUSTRY NEWS
Image Source: Bloomberg
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 12 | Oct 2017
Soaring Chinese Soybean Stocks to Curb Import Growth – USDA
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US officials cautioned over expectations of a substantial rise in Chinese soybean imports, citing the “high” stocks of the oilseed already bought, amid market questions over a slow pace of US export orders.
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imports hit a record of over 10m tonnes,” a gain of 30% year on year, a jump “partially due to the government's reduction, of two percentage points, to the value added tax”, a cut that came into effect at the start of that month. Soybean imports, which for the January-to-July period were up 16.8% at 545.89m tonnes, “could have been even higher if some traders had not chosen to resell some of their shipments to other markets during July and August”.
The US Department of Agriculture's Beijing bureau pegged at 92.5m tonnes soybean imports by China, the world's top buyer, in 2017-18 on an Octoberto-September basis.
Negative margins
While a rise of 1.5m tonnes year on year, and representing a record high, the forecast is well below the USDA's official forecast of 94.0m tonnes.
However, with consumption of the soybeans unable to keep pace with their supply, “the resulting high soybean stocks left at the end of 2016-17 will temper net import growth in 2017-18”, the bureau said.
It also comes amid persistent market questions over US soybean exports in the new season, with advance orders down 39% year on year.
Margins enjoyed by soybean crushers have since February “turned negative”, a trend that “is expected to continue during the last months of 2016-17”.
Competitive prices The bureau, relatively, weak forecast for China's soy imports was attributed to a hangover from strong purchases for 2016-17, for which growth in buy-ins was pegged at 7.8m tonnes. “Adequate global soybean supplies at competitive prices have encouraged Chinese buyers to increase imports since late 2016,” the bureau said in a report. In July, “China's monthly soybean
Prospects for China's import growth are “considerably lower” than in 2016-17, for which buy-ins were seen rising by 7.8m tonnes. Crushers close The comments follow a series of reports last month of Chinese crushers suspending operations in the face of weak margins, which were weighed by the dent to soymeal prices from a build-up in inventories of the feed ingredient. Processors in Shandong, China's top crushing region, were actually estimated by Reuters recently to be seeing positive crushing margins, but at a weak 8.17 yuan per tonne of soybeans.
INDUSTRY NEWS Ports are also said to have been overwhelmed by the volumes of soybean imports – prompting indeed some merchants to seek alternative markets for some cargos. Running behind pace
“This seems to be repeater number we have seen near daily for the last three weeks,” said Benson Quinn Commodities, while flagging that China's “new crop purchases running behind pace”. Indeed, China had, as of August 24, purchased a little under 5.0m tonnes of US soybeans for delivery in 201718 (on a September-to-August basis) – a figure down 39% from the year-ago comparative.
INDUSTRY NEWS
Meanwhile, in the US, there remain concerns over a slower pace of export sales orders for 2017-18, which started Overall US soybean export sales for 2017-18, at 11.5m in the country on Friday, despite a flurry tonnes, are also down 39% year on year. of recent purchases by Chinese buyers, Source: AgriMoney typically of 136,000 tonnes.
Vietnam to resume importing distillers dried grain from the US The Vietnam government has authorized the resumption of imports of distillers dried grains (DDGS) from the US, a co-product of ethanol production used as a key ingredient in animal feed.
Department said in a statement issued on September 6. Prior to the suspension, Vietnam was the third-largest market for US DDGS, with exports valued at more than US$230 million in 2016.
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The resolution of this issue paves the way for increased corn and wheat shipments, which were restricted due to Imports were suspended last December previous treatment requirements, according to the after quarantine pests were detected in statement issued by the two US agencies. a shipment of DDGS, the US Trade Source: Thai News Service Representative and Agriculture
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INDUSTRY NEWS Image Source: Euobserver
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 12 | Oct 2017
Impact of biofuels phase-out on European feed industry Biofuels in the EU are deeply intertwined with global food and feed markets. As the EU discusses its future biofuels policy, their contribution to the bloc's animal feed supply and impact on food prices have emerged as major battlegrounds between supporters and critics. In its proposal for the recast of the Renewable Energy Directive for 20212030 (RED II), the European Commission called for a reduction of the cap on first-generation biofuels, made from food crops, used in the transport sector from 7% in 2020 to 3.8% in 2030. The proposal is currently being debated in the European Parliament's committees ahead of a final vote in January 2018.
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Cutting feed imports
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By-products from biodiesel and bioethanol crops generate some 17 million tonnes of feed for EU livestock every year. According to the association of EU farmers and agri-cooperatives Copa-Cogeca, EU support for firstgeneration biofuels under the 2009 Renewable Energy Directive (RED I) has cut the bloc's dependence on imports of animal feed proteins by 10%. “First generation biofuels produced from arable crops grown in the EU replace four to five million hectares of soya that would otherwise be imported from third countries, mainly in South America,” stated Copa-Cogeca. For Marijana Petir, a Croatian MEP (EPP
group) and member of the European Parliament's agriculture committee, told to EURACTIV that not only would this leave farmers more dependent on imports, but in contrast to the feed produced by the EU biofuel industry those imports will be based on genetically modified (GMO) material. Europe's farmers still import around 70% of the plant protein they need to feed their livestock. The majority of imports come from South America, costing €12bn per year. And the cut in imports has not necessarily driven down feed prices in Europe. Broader market disturbances “Stable agricultural markets lead to increased investments and increased productivity, which is beneficial for food as well as biofuels,” the Copa-Cogeca study stated. “Conventional biofuels are not automatically synonymous with market conflicts.” And simply finding new markets for the newly generated surplus is not a viable option, according to the industry. “There is no alternative outlet in the EU to absorb 6.4 million tonnes of rapeseed oil. Neither is it realistic to consider that this volume will replace imported tropical oils,” Nathalie Lecocq, the director-general of Fediol, the organisation representing the EU vegetable oil and protein meal industry, told EURACTIV. “No alternative” What is more, the Fediol secretary-general said that if oilseed producers, who provide the raw materials for biodiesel, were to switch to other crops, such as wheat, it would “drive crop prices down across the board, reducing farmers profitability”. Cereal prices have already fallen 40% in three years due to record global production. Converting the EU's rapeseed fields to wheat would increase EU production by 15% and further undermine prices. Source: Euractiv
EVENT COVERAGE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 12 | Oct 2017
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CLFMA of India celebrates Golden Jubilee of its existence
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On the occasion of 50th Anniversary, CLFMA of India organised golden jubilee celebration ceremony on 15-16 Sept., 2017 in Mumbai. On this occasion professionals representing different institutions and diversified fields related to feed production across India had come together to discuss and work out the strategies towards achieving the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi's mission of “Doubling farmers' income by 2022”. The theme of the symposium was to discuss the “Role of Animal Agriculture in Doubling Farmers' Income”. The event witnessed a swarm of representatives from animal agriculture companies across India as well as abroad who participated in the two-day event. At an event inaugurated by Shri Devendra Fadnavis, Hon'ble Chief Minister, Government of Maharashtra, CLFMA, the nodal association of livestock industry called for liaison with the governments, institutions and
associations to formulate favourable policies which would help upbringing the sectors growth and improve farmers' income. Present at the ceremony were Shri Radha Mohan Singh, Union Minister of Agriculture & Farmers' Welfare, Government of India, Shri Mahadev Jankar, Hon'ble Minister of Animal Husbandry Dairy & Fisheries, Government of Maharashtra, Shri Devendra Chaudhary, Secretary (ADF), Government of India among others. Mr B Soundararajan, Chairman, CLFMA addressed the dignitaries and the delegates and discussed how animal farming can be crucial in addressing various agriculture issues, especially, how it can help farmers in boosting their income. "Integrated farming will help doubling farmer's income by 2022. The Government is promoting agriculture and allied sectors to boost farmers' productivity. It's now time for a white and blue revolution where the dairy industry and aquaculture activities will play a major role," said Union Agriculture Minister, Radha Mohan Singh. Shri Devendra Fadnavis also shared his views on the how Research & Development can play a major role in improving animal stock conditions in India and together
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 12 | Oct 2017
Head of Agri & IT Business of ITC Ltd, said that the kind of raw material procured suggests to make the final product and that reducing the cost of supply chain helps in increasing the profits. Dr. Pratap Singh Birthal, ICAR National Professor at NIAEPR, New Delhi, regretted that there is a very weak extension link existing in India with respect to animal agriculture. Only 5 % of the farmers are getting information on newer technologies, even then the rate of growth in animal sector is higher than in agricultural sector. He said that In fact, livestock has a larger effect in poverty alleviation, having 1.5 times more potential to reduce poverty. Dr. A.K. Srivastava, Chairman , Agricultural Scientist Recruitment Board, New Delhi said that there is a need to allocate more budget for the development of Animal Industry. On the pattern of crop loans, loans should be extensively given to animal keepers also. There is a dearth of good germplasm for breeding of cows. Fodder production is another neglected area, and needs immediate action to help overcome fodder shortage.
Mr. Devendra Chaudhary, IAS, Secretary of AHD & F, Govt. of India. In his address emphasised that there is no other alternative than Animal husbandry to double farmers income in India. He mentioned that contribution of Agriculture to GDP has come down from 34% to 17% while that of livestock industry in Agriculture has gone up from 14% to 27% in last 25 years. He quoted FAO saying that if we invest one dollar in India – manufacturing and services sector will return 2.9 dollars, agriculture 3.6 dollars and livestock will return 4.7 dollars, thereby highlighting the role of animal agriculture in Indian economy. He further emphasised that there is need to bring Animal Husbandry from margins of country's growth to main stream and centre of country's growth. On 16th Sept., two technical sessions were held, followed by the Plenary Session towards the end of the Symposium. Talking about raw material security for sustained profits, S. Shivakumar, Group
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with allied sectors, various aspects can be explored.
Other speakers included Ms Parizaad Zorabian, Zorabian Foods who revealed the success story of her family Poultry/ Egg business, while Linda Brown, Nutrition Consultant, Sydney University Poultry Research Foundation in Sydney, discussed the benefits of egg white protein in human diet.
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INDUSTRY NEWS Image Source: Yale Scientific Magazine
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 12 | Oct 2017
Is GM cotton a success in India or not? Bt cotton is the only genetically modified (GM) crop approved for cultivation in India, and the government and civil society groups have made conflicting claims about its success.
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A parliamentary panel has asked the environment ministry to conduct a comprehensive study to evaluate whether Bt cotton, the country's only transgenic crop, is a success amid a debate over whether commercialisation of genetically modified (GM) crops should be allowed.
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The need for such a study was felt as central government agencies have attempted to portray a rosy picture about Bt cotton production in the country which "actually is not the case”, the panel noted. Transgenic cotton is the only GM crop approved for cultivation in India, and the government and civil society groups have made conflicting claims about its success. The parliamentary standing committee on science and technology, environment and forests recently submitted the report to the Rajya Sabha chairman. The panel observed that while government data claims success of Bt cotton, civil society says the production of cotton in the country has increased largely due to increase in area under cotton, significant increase in irrigation
and fertile groundnut cultivation areas shifting to cotton. In its report, the committee observed that “India's cotton yields increased by 69% in the five years (20002005) when Bt cotton was less than 6% of total cotton area, but by only 10% in the 10 years from 2005 to 2015 when Bt cotton grew to 94% of total cotton area”. It also noted that the data provided by the government agencies speak only about the production and not the average yield of Bt cotton, which the committee believes would be the true assessment of the potential of the GM technology. “The committee is of the considered view that this duality of the claims about the increase in the yield of cotton after its commercialisation in the country needs further examination and clarification,” the panel said. The panel also pulled up the government for moving with haste towards commercialization of GM crops and said it should thoroughly examine the impact of GM crops on the environment before taking a final call. The committee also noted that 21 years after the introduction of GM crops in the world, only six countries account for more than 90% of all GM crop area globally (the US 40%, Brazil 23%, Argentina 14%, India 6%, Canada 6% and China 2%) and despite the GM technology being propagated as the “most advanced agricultural technology, 17 of the 20 most developed countries do not grow it, which includes most of Europe, Japan, Russia, Israel, etc.” Civil society groups are now opposing the commercialisation of GM mustard crop. If GM mustard gets a go ahead, it will become India's first GM food crop. Source: Business Line
2017-18
CALENDAR OF EVENTS
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 12 | Oct 2017
FEBRUARY
OCTOBER NZFMA Broiler Nutritionist Conference 2017 Date: 16-20 October 2017 Venue: Queenstown, New Zealand Email: info@nzfma.org.nz Web: www.nzfma.org.nz
Da ry INDUSTRY EXP
Feed Tech Expo 2018 Animal Feed Technology
Date: 8-10 February 2018 Venue: Pune, Maharashtra, India Email: feedtechexpo@gmail.com Web: www.feedtechexpo.com
MARCH
2017
The Farming & Processing Event
Date: 26-28 October 2017 Venue: Auto Cluster Exhibition Centre, Pune, India Email: dairyindustryexpo@gmail.com Web: www.dairyindustryexpo.com
NOVEMBER Poultry India Date: 22-24 November 2017 Venue: HITEX, Hyderabad, India Email: info@poultryindia.co.in Web: www.poultryindia.co.in
3rd Global Feed Summit Date: 29-30 November 2017 Venue: Bangkok, THAILAND Email: mailto:grace@cmtsp.com.sg Web: www.cmtevents.com
3rd Poultry & Livestock Bangladesh Expo Date: 21-24 March 2018 Venue: International Convention City, Dhaka, Bangladesh Email: contact@cems-foodagro.com Web: www.cems-foodagro.com
FVG Asia Date: 27-29 March 2018 Venue: BITEC, Bangkok, Thailand Email: maarcservices@gmail.com Web: www.victam.com
APRIL Livestock Asia Date: 19-21 April 2018 Venue: Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre, Malaysia Email: rita.lau@ubm.com Web: www.livestockasia.com
JUNE
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VIV Europe Date: 20-22 June 2018 Venue: Jaarbeurs Utreach, the Netherlands Email: karlienke.smitt@vnuexhibitions.com Web: www.viveurope.nl
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To list any industry event related to Grain & Feed industry please write us at info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in