FlipBook Section 2D by Thomas Martiniello

ABPL20033 - Construction Analysis, Semester 2 - 2018 Dr Alberto Pugnale – Subject coordinator Dr Sofia Colabella – Senior Tutor Dion Keech – Tutor Thomas Martiniello, 834 955, 16 September 2018 Queenscliff House, Section 3C, Tutorial 11 ASSIGNMENT 2 FLIPBOOK SECTION 2D: CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS AND ANNOTATIONS

STAGE ONE SITE PREPARATION, EXCAVATION + SET OUT In stage one the site surveyors, architects, town planners and the like are all utilised in obtaining the relevant permits to undertake the excavation in preparation for the building construction. Excavators, bobcats and large trucks are required to excavate the ground and remove any unwanted soil/ sand/ vegetation. The site would then be set out with the locations for plumbing pipes and underground cables marked by a surveyor.

SITE LEVELLING

SITE SET OUT

Case studies: meet the architects

- Negotiation with neighbours to use their land during excavation

Setting up string lines to mark locations of foundations/ services for excavation.

Smaller machinery used to level out site after scrape and excavations have occurred.

Lecture 2: Diego Bekinschtein

EXCAVATION + SCRAPE

Deep excavations and trenches for services dug using larger diggers.

Site information and relevant planning approvals to be displayed at the front of the site, visible by the public and all workers prior to entering the site as per regulations.

Portable toilet placed on site for duration of construction for workers to use. Source: Thomas Martiniello (3 Leslie Street)

Source: Thomas Martiniello (3 Leslie Street)

BATTERING SANDS

Low angle cuts into sands to reduce the risk of collapse/ backfill.

ASSIGNMENT TWO: FLIP BOOK SECTION 2D CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS + ANNOTATIONS THOMAS MARTINIELLO - 834955 ABPL20033 - CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

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DION KEECH STUDIO 11, 3.15PM WEDNESDAY VERSION 2, 17 AUGUST 2018 DRAWING NUMBER 01 of 24

WORKS IN THIS STAGE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AS 3798-2007 Earthworks Guidelines AS 2870-2011 Residential Slabs and Footings AS 4801 Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems AS 3500-2013 Plumbing and Drainage

DETAIL A: To minimise the risk of collapse while completing deep excavations, all sides of any trench will adequately supported by battering the surrounding sands.

AS 3000-2007 Electrical Installations AS 5601-2004 Gas Installations

To set out the site for excavation a site surveyor uses surveying equipment to mark out levels according to the plan and the relative datum point. Source: The Black House

CASE STUDY: QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE ARCHITECT: JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS SECTION: 3C

STAGE ONE SITE PREPARATION, EXCAVATION + SET OUT In stage one the site is prepared for excavation to take place. The earth is levelled and dug out where required in accordance with the land surveyors plans and architectural drawings.

Key steps in this stage are: 1. Call dial before you dig to establish what infrastructure lays beneath the site as well as complete a latent condition assessment and other surveys (geo-technical, site analysis etc.) to mitigate any possible risks prior to construction 2. Obtain council approval to begin site works 3. Ensure on-site safety signs have been erected as well as facilities such as a portable toilet 4. Coordinate/ organise contract workers to carry out the site set out, excavation and removal of waste 5. Begin excavation/ site scrape to remove vegetation 6. Level off site ready for construction and footings 7. Remove any excess soil or sand from the site 8. Site set out complete with in ground services and footings market out according to the land surveyors report and architectural specifications 9. Surface grading/ drainage to be provided around perimeter of building site

EXCAVATION + SCRAPE

Site issues

- Undertaking site surveys to mitigate any possible risk by uncovering latent conditions

RL 16.400 RL 15.800

SOIL REMOVAL

Any excess sand/ soil which is not needed is put into a truck and taken off site to be disposed of.

Excavators and smaller bobcats used to scrape away vegetation from the site and begin the initial rough excavations.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

DETAIL B: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must be worn by all workers. This includes a hard hat, steel capped boots, hi-vis vest, safety glasses, ear plugs, dust mask + gloves.

Lecture 5: Blair Gardiner

FFL 12.100

PPE must be worn by all workers at all times when on site.

Source: www.safetyandhealthmagazine.com/articles/14299-trendsin-personal-protective-equipment

This post marks the corner of the footing trench to be dug

FFL 9.070 Bright colour for easy viability + site safety

STRING LINE MARKERS Site set out can also be marked using timber instead of a string line to show a larger area such as a concrete slab boundary. Source: The Black House

DETAIL C: String lines are used to mark out where footings/ services will be placed for detailed excavation. Specific builders line is typically used which is bright in colour and easy to see.

ASSIGNMENT TWO: FLIP BOOK SECTION 2D CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS + ANNOTATIONS

DION KEECH STUDIO 11, 3.15PM WEDNESDAY

THOMAS MARTINIELLO - 834955 ABPL20033 - CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

VERSION 2, 17 AUGUST 2018 DRAWING NUMBER 02 of 02

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String lines set up to mark out key locations of footing/ service trenches to be dug during detailed excavations.

AS 3000-2007 Electrical Installations AS 5601-2004 Gas Installations

CASE STUDY: QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE ARCHITECT: JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS SECTION: 3C

STAGE TWO IN GROUND SERVICES + FOUNDATIONS In stage two excavators and piling rigs are used to dig the trenches for the in ground services as well as the footings. Hand tools such as spades and wheel barrows are used when pouring concrete as well as a concrete truck and concrete pump and boom. Finishing tools such as screeds and vibrators are also used.

Lecture 4: A. Pugnale + S. Colabella

Materials and systems: concrete and masonry

- Slump test used to measure moisture content of concrete - Concrete is worked when it is in its plastic stage before setting and hardening occurs

WASTE PIPE INSTALLATION

Pipe placed into trench dug during detail excavations and then backfilled and capped.

Locations for trenches marked out by the surveyor in preparation for digging. Source: The Black House

Trenches and detailed footing excavations undertaken using small digger as some trenches can be long. Source: The Black House

PVC Sewage grade waste pipe with a fall of 1.65% BACKFILL

OVERLAY

SUPPORT

COMPACTED BASE

DETAIL A: Service pipes are laid in trenches dug down into soil with 300mm minimum cover to ensure they are not damaged by any works above them.

ASSIGNMENT TWO: FLIP BOOK SECTION 2D CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS + ANNOTATIONS THOMAS MARTINIELLO - 834955 ABPL20033 - CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

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DION KEECH STUDIO 11, 3.15PM WEDNESDAY VERSION 2, 17 AUGUST 2018 DRAWING NUMBER 03 of 24

WORKS IN THIS STAGE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AS 2870-2011 Residential Slabs and Footings AS 4654-2009 Waterproofing Membranes for Exterior Use AS 3500-2013 Plumbing and Drainage AS 5601-2004 Gas Installations

AS 3000-2007 Electrical Installations AS 15018-2005 Generic Cabling for Homes AS1289-2017 Soil Strength AS 3798-2007 Earthworks Guidelines

Service pipes installed and backfilled ready for connection once the house has been built sloped at a gradient of 1.65% towards the sewer. Source: The Black House

CASE STUDY: QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE ARCHITECT: JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS SECTION: 3C

STAGE TWO IN GROUND SERVICES + FOUNDATIONS In stage two in ground services such as waste pipes, mains water, gas and electricity are installed in preparation to the ground floor framing and walls. The excavation for the footings is undertaken and then the concrete is poured after the in ground services. Key steps in this stage are: 1. Service trenches dug parallel to the edge of the building (offset at a distance equal to the distance of the trench excavation) 2. Underground pipework installed and connected to mains services 3. Pipes coming up above the surface for later connection to be capped and clearly marked for safety 4. Trenches backfilled and compacted to 95% standard compaction 5. Underground water tanks installed at the Western end of the site 6. Detailed excavation for pad footings, with minimum 50mm thick layer of blinding concrete poured over the base after inspection 7. 300mm diameter x 150mm minimum deep pad footings placed at 450mm centres in previously dug holes, with concrete stump installed 8. Stumps supported temporarily whilst concrete sets 9. 600 x 600 x 400mm minimum deep mass concrete pads poured where structural steel attaches to the ground 10. Footings left to cure with concrete reaching 40MPa strength after 28 days (after which it has reached an acceptable strength level to be worked on)

DETAIL B: Piling rig utilised to dig holes for footings as soils can be clay and hard to manually dig.

Slump test completed on site prior to pouring of all concrete to ensure water content meets BCA requirements.

RL 16.400 RL 15.800

CONCRETE STUMPS

Concrete stumps sitting in pad footings are pre-fabricated and supported upright whilst the concrete pad sets.

Source: blog.oureducation.in/

FFL 12.100

FOOTING EXCAVATION

Piling rig used to dig holes for footings.

Soil backﬁll 150mm minimum below ﬂoor level

FFL 9.070

100mm minimum into natural sands

Concrete stumps set into holes and backfilled ready for ground floor framing.

DETAIL C: Concrete stumps on pad footings placed 100mm minimum into natural sands to ensure stability.

CONCRETE STUMPS WASTE PIPE INSTALLATION

Pipe placed into trench dug during detail excavations and then backfilled and capped.

ASSIGNMENT TWO: FLIP BOOK SECTION 2D CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS + ANNOTATIONS

DION KEECH STUDIO 11, 3.15PM WEDNESDAY

THOMAS MARTINIELLO - 834955 ABPL20033 - CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

VERSION 3, 02 SEPTEMBER 2018 DRAWING NUMBER 04 of 24

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Concrete stumps resting on pad footings placed into hole and braced temporarily.

AS 3000-2007 Electrical Installations AS 15018-2005 Generic Cabling for Homes AS1289-2017 Soil Strength AS 3798-2007 Earthworks Guidelines

CASE STUDY: QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE ARCHITECT: JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS SECTION: 3C

STAGE THREE INSITU CONCRETE WALL FORM WORK CONSTRUCTION In stage three manual labour is heavily utilised through the construction of the form work for the insitu concrete walls. Builders prepare the form work one wall at a time ensuring that the timber boards lining the form-ply to mark the concrete do not contract with the heat as this will cause seepage through the cracks.

TIMBER LINING

Timber boards attached to the inside of the form ply to produce the board marked finish.

Temporary timber props erected to support timber form work whilst wall is being built.

LAYERS OF FORM WORK

Form ply used to hold concrete in place, timber boards used for final marking texture, battens used to support the load/ pressure of the concrete.

Control Joint (CJ)

Case studies: meet the architects

- Form work for insitu walls to be completed one at a time with concrete poured before moving to the next wall

TIMBER PROPS

Lecture 2: Diego Bekinschtein

Form-Ply

Reinforcement bars

Timber baords for marking

DETAIL A: Layers of the form work including form ply (to give the concrete its form), timber lining (marked finish) and starter reinforcement bars (structural strength).

MATERIAL STORAGE

Materials for form work construction collected on site.

ASSIGNMENT TWO: FLIP BOOK SECTION 2D CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS + ANNOTATIONS THOMAS MARTINIELLO - 834955 ABPL20033 - CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

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DION KEECH STUDIO 11, 3.15PM WEDNESDAY VERSION 1, 11 AUGUST 2018 DRAWING NUMBER 05 of 24

WORKS IN THIS STAGE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AS 3610-1995 Form work for Concrete AS 1720.1-2010 Timber Structures AS 1684.2-2010 Timber Framing Victorian Form work Code of Practice

Formply prior to being lined with Oregon boards.

1 Formply lined with Oregon boards which are fixed onto form board to give marked concrete finish.

Form work completed with horizontal and vertical timber battens erected as well as temporary timber bracing to hold the force of the concrete once poured.

CASE STUDY: QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE ARCHITECT: JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS SECTION: 3C

STAGE THREE INSITU CONCRETE WALL FORM WORK CONSTRUCTION In stage three the detailed preparation work for the board marked insitu concrete walls on the ground floor is undertaken. This stage is very important and careful detailing and care is needed to be taken to ensure the desired finish is achieved. Key steps in this stage are: 1. Materials for form work preparation collected on site (timber battens, form ply, timber lining, starter/ reinforcement bars, timber for supports) 2. Form ply erected on strip footings around starter bars already set into the footings 3. Temporary timber props erected in conjunction with vertical and horizontal timber battens to support the form ply as the wall is being constructed 4. Timber boards back fixed to form board to avoid visible nail imprints on finished side as well as uniform tie rod spacings for finished aesthetic appeal 5. Additional reinforcement bars installed as required 6. Form work completed for one wall only before it is poured 7. Repeat the process for consecutive walls only after the one that has just been erected is poured and completed

RL 16.400 RL 15.800

Horizontal timber batons

Form-Ply

FORM WORK ERECTED

Form ply put up first before timber lining. Timber prop ďŹ xed to vertical timber baton

Timber bracing attached to the vertical battens and secured into the ground using star pickets to hold the weight and force of the concrete once poured.

TIE RODS

The placement of tie rods is critical as they can be visible on the finished surface. In this case they are patched after completion of the wall.

TIMBER PROPS

Temporary timber props used to support the weight and force of the concrete when it is poured.

FFL 12.100

DETAIL B: Timber props attached to vertical timber battens to support the force of the concrete pressing against the mould once it is poured.

Threaded rod

Form-Ply

FFL 9.070

Nut Washer

Steel starter bars coming through the strip footings to be tied into the insitu concrete walls and extended up to tie the structure together and for tensile strength.

Plastic Sleeve

DETAIL C: Tie rods used to hold both sides of form work together and square when concrete is poured due to the pressure.

Additional reinforcement installed and connected to starter bars.

ASSIGNMENT TWO: FLIP BOOK SECTION 2D CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS + ANNOTATIONS

DION KEECH STUDIO 11, 3.15PM WEDNESDAY

THOMAS MARTINIELLO - 834955 ABPL20033 - CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

VERSION 1, 11 AUGUST 2018 DRAWING NUMBER 06 of 24

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STEEL REINFORCEMENT

WORKS IN THIS STAGE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AS 3610-1995 Form work for Concrete AS 1720.1-2010 Timber Structures AS 1684.2-2010 Timber Framing Victorian Form work Code of Practice

CASE STUDY: QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE ARCHITECT: JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS SECTION: 3C

STAGE FOUR INSITU CONCRETE WALL POURING, FINISHING + BRICK PIERS In stage four concrete trucks, pumps with booms and vibrating tools are utilised to pour the concrete into the form work. Hand finishing tools are also used as well as wheelbarrows and spades to move small amounts of concrete.

BRICK PIERS

Lecture 4: A. Pugnale + S. Colabella

Materials and systems: concrete and masonry

- Masonry units held together with M3 class mortar (Cement 1 : Lime 1 : Sand 6)

The brick piers are built to support the timber bearers for the ground floor framing.

CURING + FORM REMOVAL

CONCRETE POURING

Concrete containing Brighton Lite cement and white quartz aggregates brought onto site and poured into form work.

After the concrete has cured the form work is carefully removed to avoid damaging the wall.

110mm 76mm Standard Clay Fired Brick

Control Joint (CJ)

215mm

CJ Concrete Pad Footing

DETAIL A: Brick piers constructed after wall has cured and form work has been removed to act as a support for the ground floor framing

Example of a brick pier which is used to distribute the load of the bearers down through the ground. Source: creativeconcreteproducts.com.au

Consistent colouring and texture

Variation in colouring and texture

DETAIL B: Pouring of concrete completed using one batch to ensure colour consistency.

ASSIGNMENT TWO: FLIP BOOK SECTION 2D CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS + ANNOTATIONS THOMAS MARTINIELLO - 834955 ABPL20033 - CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

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DION KEECH STUDIO 11, 3.15PM WEDNESDAY VERSION 1, 11 AUGUST 2018 DRAWING NUMBER 07 of 24

WORKS IN THIS STAGE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AS 3610-1995 Form work for Concrete AS 3600-2018 Concrete Structures AS 1720.1-2010 Timber Structures AS 4671-2001 Steel Reinforcement AS 1684.2-2010 Timber Framing AS 3700 Masonry Structures Victorian Form work Code of Practice AS 2733-1984 Concrete Masonry Units

Concrete vibrator on a pole used to ensure there are no air pockets in the walls, ensuring structural strength. Source: iti.northwestern.edu/cement/ monograph/Monograph2_3.html

CASE STUDY: QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE ARCHITECT: JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS SECTION: 3C

STAGE FOUR INSITU CONCRETE WALL POURING, FINISHING + BRICK PIERS In stage four concrete is poured into the form work previously completed for the insitu concrete walls. Each wall is poured, where possible, from the same batch of concrete to eliminate the potential for variations in colour within the one wall.

Key steps in this stage are: 1. Concrete arrives on site via truck mixed with Brighton Lite cement and white quartz aggregates 2. Form ply check prior to pouring to ensure no contraction in the timber lining has occurred to avoid excess seepage (detail C) 3. Concrete poured into form work using concrete pump with boom 4. Concrete vibrated to ensure no air pockets are left 5. Concrete is cured then form ply and form work are removed to reveal final finish 6. Concrete walls sealed with 2 coats of Tasman Terrasand clear hydrophobic sealer 7. Brick piers are then constructed to support ground flooring

Lecture 2: Diego Bekinschtein Case studies: meet the architects

- Control checks for shrinkage in timber boards to ensure seepage does not occur

RL 16.400 RL 15.800

No gap

CONCRETE POURING

Concrete poured into moulds using a concrete truck and boom. The concrete is then vibrated to remove any air pockets.

Gap between timber boards

FORM WORK INSPECTION

Oregon timber lining of form work checked for any contraction before concrete is poured.

Final desired finish of insitu concrete walls with timber markings. Ties all equally spaced and at the same height.

DETAIL C: Checking the timber lining for any unwanted shrinking to ensure no seepage occurs when the concrete is poured.

SEALANT

After the form work has been removed the walls are sealed using 2 coats of Tasman Terrasand clear hydrophobic sealer to protect the concrete for the external elements.

FFL 12.100

BRICK PIERS

Construction of brick piers on top of strip footings, butting up to insitu concrete wall.

FFL 9.070

Finished insitu concrete walls with form work removed.

ASSIGNMENT TWO: FLIP BOOK SECTION 2D CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS + ANNOTATIONS

DION KEECH STUDIO 11, 3.15PM WEDNESDAY

THOMAS MARTINIELLO - 834955 ABPL20033 - CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

VERSION 1, 11 AUGUST 2018 DRAWING NUMBER 08 of 24

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CASE STUDY: QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE ARCHITECT: JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS SECTION: 3C

STAGE FIVE GROUND FLOOR + WALLS In stage five manual labour in the form of timber stud wall and floor construction takes over the site with carpenters installing the main frame work for the building. Power tools such as mitre saws and nail guns are utilised for fast construction.

BEARERS + JOISTS

BEARER CONNECTION

Insitu wall

Materials and systems: timber and steel

- Common Australian softwood used in construction is Radiata Pine - Structural members usually made from Douglas Fir (Orgeon)

Bearers and joists installed on top of stumps for ground floor. See detail A for installation on top of brick piers.

Lecture 3: A. Pugnale + S. Colabella

b. Bearer

Brick pier

TIMBER MEMBERS a. Timber Studs + Joists: 90x45mm MGP10 Pine b. Bearers: 90x63mm laminated beam

TIMBER STUD WALL

Where the bearers run along the insitu concrete wall they are supported by brick piers.

Floor joist

Footing

DETAIL A: Brick piers used as supports for bearers to raise them to the correct height. Timber ties are used to secure the two components.

The stud walls are first framed flat for ease of construction before being lifted up into vertical position.

TEMPORARY BRACING

Temporary timber props are used to hold up the stud walls until the roofing timbers are added to stabilise the structure.

Plywood bracing

Top plate Glavanised strap

Example of bearers sitting on top of brick piers. Source: tri4pestcontrol.com.au/index.php/ trithor/installation-process

Stud Strap bracing Noggin

Strap Bracing

Floor joists

ood

Plyw

Bottom plate

Flooring underlay

cing

Bra

DETAIL B: Typical timber stud wall constructed on site using 90x45mm timber.

The timber frames are constructed flat on the flooring underlay and then tilted up into position for ease of construction and efficiency.

Strap Bracing

EXTERNAL STAIRS

Brick piers constructed for external stairs with insitu concrete lost form work installed thereafter.

STEEL CONNECTION

YELLOW TONGUE JOINT

Steel columns connected to concrete pad footings using x4 M16 sized chemset anchors (bolts) with 100mm embedment and 20mm non-shrink grout for structural strength and weather protection.

DETAIL D: Yellow Tongue Joint

FLOORING UNDERLAY

Flooring underlay installed on top of floor joists to provide a surface to work on and later install floor finishes onto.

ASSIGNMENT TWO: FLIP BOOK SECTION 2D CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS + ANNOTATIONS THOMAS MARTINIELLO - 834955 ABPL20033 - CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

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DION KEECH STUDIO 11, 3.15PM WEDNESDAY VERSION 2, 30 AUGUST 2018 DRAWING NUMBER 09 of 24

Particle board flooring underlay (Yellow Tongue) sheets connected via plastic ‘tongue’ locking the sheets together. They are also nailed onto the floor joists in a herringbone pattern for strength and rigidity. Fastening occurs every 150mm, 10mm in for a seam joint or every 300mm otherwise.

WORKS IN THIS STAGE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AS4100-1998 Steel Structures AS4680 -2008 Hot Dipped Galvanised Coatings AS1554.1-2011 Structural Steel Welding AS1684.2-2010 Timber Framing

AS1720.1-2010 Timber Structures AS2269-1994 Structural Plywood

Steel column

Steel connection plate Bracket connection

M16 bolts set into concrete footing

DETAIL C: The steel columns are bolted into the concrete pad footings using bolts which are chemically set into the concrete via a metal plate or bracket which has been welded to the posts.

This image is an example of a steel column bolted into the concrete slab with the timber bearers and joists then also attached.

CASE STUDY: QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE ARCHITECT: JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS SECTION: 3C

STAGE FIVE GROUND FLOOR + WALLS In stage five the timber framing for the ground level (floor and walls) is erected. Temporary props and braces are used to stabilise the frame prior to the first level floor trusses/ beams being installed as the structure will not be stable.

Key steps in this stage are: 1. Timber and steel arrives on site 2. Structural steel columns installed on top of pad footings and bolted into concrete (All steelwork below ground shall be encased in concrete with a wrapping of FGW41 Girder wrap mesh placed at 25mm clear of the steel to provide 50mm minimum encasing) 3. Ground floor bearers and joists installed on top of footings 4. Plumbing waste pipes installed and suspended from timber bearers and joists (detail B) 5. Yellow Tongue flooring substrate installed on top of flooring joists (detail D) 6. Rigid bulk insulation installed underneath floor substrate in between bearers and joists 7. Timber studs cut to size on site for wall framing 8. Top and bottom plate are laid out on floor flat to begin constructing stud wall (note load bearing walls need double top plates) 9. Studs are placed in between top and bottom plates at 450mm centres and nailed together with noggins used in between for lateral stability 10. Stud frame lifted into position and nailed into the timber substrate and joists and propped temporary with timber props prior to first floor roof joist installation to stabilise walls 11. Attach strap bracing and plywood bracing panels to stud walls as per the structural drawings 12. Fixing of wall bracing to floor/ sub floor and through floor shall be at each end of unit or at 1200mm maximum centres. Looped 30 x 0.8mm minimum galvanised steel strap fixed to alternate floor joists or at 1200mm maximum centres. 13. Repeat the above steps for the other ground floor walls 14. Brick footings for external stairs completed along with the lost form work for the concrete which is poured in subsequent stages

TIMBER STUD WALLS

Lecture 7: Andre Stephan Environmental performance: concepts, flows and assessment

- Timber offcuts used for noggins to minimise waste

RL 16.400 RL 15.800

90x45mm timber cut to length on site and used to create stud walls.

PLUMBING

STRAP BRACING

Plumbing waste pipes suspended via metal brackets from the underside of the timber floor joists and bearers.

Strap bracing is used on the stud walls to withstand the lateral wind loads the building faces, keeping the walls square.

STEEL COLUMNS

Structural steel columns installed via dyna-bolts into the concrete pad footings (see detail C).

FFL 12.100

DETAIL E: Plumbing waste pipes hung Strap bracing used to keep the underneath timber joists to then timber stud frame square and stable. be connected underground to the sewer.

FFL 9.070

Bottom plate

Looped strap A nail gun is used to shoot nails through the bottom plate of the timber frame into the underlay and joists below as well as metal straps.

Source: Thomas Martiniello (3 Leslie Street)

METAL STRAPPING

DETAIL F: Timber stud frame connection to flooring via nails into the floor joists. Galvanised straps are also looped around floor bearers at 450mm centres.

ASSIGNMENT TWO: FLIP BOOK SECTION 2D CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS + ANNOTATIONS THOMAS MARTINIELLO - 834955 ABPL20033 - CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

Nailed connection

N 1:50 AT A3

30x0.8mm tensioned galvanised strapping foxed to top and bottom plates with a minimum of 4 flat head nails for lateral stability. 18002700mm span with angle from 30-60 degrees. DION KEECH STUDIO 11, 3.15PM WEDNESDAY VERSION 2, 30 AUGUST 2018 DRAWING NUMBER 10 of 24

WORKS IN THIS STAGE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AS4100-1998 Steel Structures AS4680 -2008 Hot Dipped Galvanised Coatings AS1554.1-2011 Structural Steel Welding AS1684.2-2010 Timber Framing

FRAME CONNECTION

The bottom plate of the frame is secured to the timber beams underneath.

AS1720.1-2010 Timber Structures AS2269-1994 Structural Plywood

CASE STUDY: QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE ARCHITECT: JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS SECTION: 3C

STAGE SIX FIRST FLOOR + WALLS In stage six, as per stage five manual labour in the form of timber stud wall and floor construction takes over the site with carpenters installing the main frame work for the building. Power tools such as mitre saws and nail guns are utilised for fast construction.

CORNER ASSEMBLIES

Lecture 3: A. Pugnale + S. Colabella

Materials and systems: timber and steel Nailing surface for plasterboard

- Timber framing method used is the platform frame construction method

STEEL WORK

INTERSECTING WALLS

First floor steel beams are installed and attached to ground floor steel columns via welded and bolted connections.

STEEL POST TO BEAM

Structural steel columns connected to horizontal beams using bolted connections. Bolts attach to steel plates which are welded to the ends of the columns in the factory. Welding is avoided on site as it would jeopardise the galvanisation.

Timber studs

STEEL MEMBERS a. Square Hollow Section (SHS) - typically used for columns b. Parallel Flange Channel (PFC) - typically used as a beam c. Universal Beam (UB) - typically used as a main structural beam

FLOORING UNDERLAY

CRITICAL CONNECTIONS Detail of how critical connections at junctions such as corners and wall intersections are overcome, still allowing for plasterboard to be fitted.

Flooring underlay installed on top of floor joists to provide a surface to work on and later install floor finishes onto.

Bolted connection to beam

DETAIL A: Example image of the bolted Steel column (SHS) connected to steel connection of steel members on site. beam (UB) via plates which are bolted together.

Steel column (to be connected to beam)

B 6

Timber studs butted up to structural steel columns in wall and connected via a steel ‘bullet’ connection. Steel is 89mm wide which sits nicely in the 90mm width of the timber studs.

FRAME CONSTRUCTION

Timber stud frames constructed flat with top and bottom plates laid out first on timber underlay for ease of construction.

ASSIGNMENT TWO: FLIP BOOK SECTION 2D CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS + ANNOTATIONS THOMAS MARTINIELLO - 834955 ABPL20033 - CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

STEEL COLUMN IN STUD WALL

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DION KEECH STUDIO 11, 3.15PM WEDNESDAY VERSION 1, 29 AUGUST 2018 DRAWING NUMBER 11 of 24

LIFTING OF STUD FRAME

Completed timber stud frame lifted into position and attached to joists and substrate with nails. WORKS IN THIS STAGE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AS4100-1998 Steel Structures AS4680 -2008 Hot Dipped Galvanised Coatings AS1554.1-2011 Structural Steel Welding AS1684.2-2010 Timber Framing

AS1720.1-2010 Timber Structures AS2269-1994 Structural Plywood

DETAIL B: Steel column sitting inside timber stud frame wall helping to stabilise the wall and take the load of the above floor.

Example image of a steel column inside a timber stud wall, connected to the above steel beam to transfer the loads of the building. Source: studio-tm.com/ constructionblog/?cat=27

CASE STUDY: QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE ARCHITECT: JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS SECTION: 3C

STAGE SIX FIRST FLOOR + WALLS In stage six the timber framing for the first floor level (floor and walls) is erected. Temporary props and braces are used to stabilise the frame prior to the roof rafters being installed as the structure will not be stable.

Key steps in this stage are: 1. Installation of first floor steel beams attached to ground floor steel columns 2. Installation of first floor timber joists on top of ground floor timber stud walls and steel work 3. Yellow Tongue flooring substrate installed on top of flooring joists 4. During construction a minimum of 60% of the total permanent bracing is to be installed prior to upper levels being framed or roofing installed. 5. Timber studs cut to size on site for wall framing 6. Top and bottom plate are laid out on floor flat to begin constructing stud wall (note load bearing walls need double top plates) 7. Studs are placed in between top and bottom plates at 450mm centres and nailed together with noggins used in between for lateral stability 8. Stud frame lifted into position and nailed into the timber substrate and joists and propped temporary with timber props prior to first floor roof joist installation to stabilise walls 9. Attach strap bracing and plywood bracing panels to stud walls as per the structural drawings 10. Fixing of wall bracing to floor/ sub floor and through floor shall be at each end of unit or at 1200mm maximum centres. Looped 30 x 0.8mm minimum galvanised steel strap fixed to alternate floor joists or at 1200mm maximum centres (detail D) 11. Repeat the above steps for the other first floor walls

TIMBER JOISTS

Materials and systems: timber and steel

- Structural pine used on the house is Machine Stress Graded which looks at the materials modulus of elasticity

RL 16.400 RL 15.800

Timber floor joists installed to take the load of the first floor and roof structure. The joists are also used to affix the flooring substrate to.

Lecture 3: A. Pugnale + S. Colabella

STEEL BEAM TO BEAM

Steel beams used to take the weight loads of the building joined using bolted connections.

FRAME STRAPPING

Metal stud ties used to hold the stud framework together in the event of excessive vertical loads such as wind.

Bolted connection to corresponding plate on beam

Example image of steel beam (PFC) connected to steel beam (UB) via bolted connections which are easy to assemble on site.

FFL 12.100

DETAIL C: Steel beam (UB) connected to another beam (UB) or Parallel Flange Channel (PFC) through a bolted plated welded to both pieces of steel.

FFL 9.070

Example image of timber framework attached to the floor with metal strapping in place.

DETAIL D: Detail of strapping used to tie timber stud wall elements to the bottom plate which is secured to the floor joists. This is used to combat vertical (wind) loads. Source: Thomas Martiniello (3 Leslie Street)

ASSIGNMENT TWO: FLIP BOOK SECTION 2D CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS + ANNOTATIONS THOMAS MARTINIELLO - 834955 ABPL20033 - CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

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DION KEECH STUDIO 11, 3.15PM WEDNESDAY VERSION 1, 29 AUGUST 2018 DRAWING NUMBER 12 of 24

WORKS IN THIS STAGE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AS4100-1998 Steel Structures AS4680 -2008 Hot Dipped Galvanised Coatings AS1554.1-2011 Structural Steel Welding AS1684.2-2010 Timber Framing

AS1720.1-2010 Timber Structures AS2269-1994 Structural Plywood

CASE STUDY: QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE ARCHITECT: JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS SECTION: 3C

STAGE SEVEN ROOF FRAMING + FIRST FIXES In stage seven, small machinery such as scissor lifts will be required to unload the roofing trusses on top of the first floor wall framing. Manual labour will be heavily present with carpenters finishing the main frame work for the building. Power tools such as mitre saws and nail guns are utilised for fast construction. Other trades such as plumbers and electricians will also be on site to install the first fixes.

TRIP-L-GRIP CONNECTION Trip-l-grip metal components used to secure the rafters to the timber frame.

A 3

ROOF RAFTERS

Timber roof rafters installed on top of roofing beams and stud walls to support the perlins for the roof sheeting.

TIMBER PERLINS

Timber perlins installed on top of roof rafters to support the roof sheeting. Perlins are laid in the opposite direction to the roof sheeting and rafters.

This diagram clearly labels and outlines all of the members in a timber frame construction. Although the roof framing for this house is not the same, the components such as rafters, joists and beams are used. Source: AS1684.2

Roof bracing installed and nailed into timber roofing members for lateral stability and rigidity.

Image showing roof rafters installed in between steel beams as the steel provides the structural support taking the load of the roof.

Nail plate

Trip-l-grip

DETAIL A: A trip-l-grip is used to securely tie down roof framing members such as the rafters to the top plate of the wall. This is to help with vertical loads such as wind loads.

WORK PLATFORM

Safety rails and work platforms installed for workers on roof.

ASSIGNMENT TWO: FLIP BOOK SECTION 2D CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS + ANNOTATIONS THOMAS MARTINIELLO - 834955 ABPL20033 - CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

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DION KEECH STUDIO 11, 3.15PM WEDNESDAY VERSION 1, 06 SEPTEMBER 2018 DRAWING NUMBER 13 of 24

WORKS IN THIS STAGE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AS4100-1998 Steel Structures AS4680 -2008 Hot Dipped Galvanised Coatings AS1554.1-2011 Structural Steel Welding AS1684.2-2010 Timber Framing

AS1720.1-2010 Timber Structures AS2269-1994 Structural Plywood AS3500.1-2003 Plumbing + Drainage AS3000-2018 Electrical Wiring

AS5601.1 Gas Installations

Image of a galvanised trip-l-grip which would have been used on site to secure the timber roofing members to one another. Nails are used in this case and are hammered through the perforated holes. Source: www.mitek.com.au/

CASE STUDY: QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE ARCHITECT: JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS SECTION: 3C

STAGE SEVEN ROOF FRAMING + FIRST FIXES In stage seven, the timber roofing rafters are installed in preparation for the roof sheeting. First fixes also get underway with plumbing and electrical works taking place on site. Key steps in this stage are: 1. Scaffolding erected around the perimeter of the roof to create a safe working platform 2. Timber roof rafters craned onto top floor timber frame work, ready for installation 3. Timber roofing rafters installed on top of stud walls 4. Roof framing members securely tied down to supporting structure using trip-l-grip connector or equivalent galvanised metal straps 5. At least two metal strap roof braces from ridge to load bearing structure in opposing directions at approximately 45 degrees, in each section of roof and ceiling 6. Timber purlins installed to affix metal roof sheeting to 7. First fixes such as electrical wiring and water pipes installed into stud frame

ROOF BATTENS

Lecture 8: Alberto Pugnale

Construction machines and design automation

- A crane one of the 6 simple machines used to lift materials

Timber roof battens affixed to vertical timber soldiers which are then fixed to rafters.

RL 16.400 RL 15.800

Batten

Rafter

Tek screw connection

Hanging soldiers visible in the roof framing connected to the roof rafters and battens.

FFL 12.100

DETAIL B: Hanging beam construction was used in the roof of the building to reduce the span of the ceiling joists making for a more economical sized joint and consistent section.

FFL 9.070

First fix plumbing pipes installed in first floor joists before the internal linings go on.

Hot and cold water tap outlets installed into stud frame work in preparation for fitting of final fixtures.

ASSIGNMENT TWO: FLIP BOOK SECTION 2D CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS + ANNOTATIONS THOMAS MARTINIELLO - 834955 ABPL20033 - CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

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FIRST FIXES

First fixes such as plumbing pipes for kitchen taps installed into stud walls. This is done prior to insulation and plasterboard for access. DION KEECH STUDIO 11, 3.15PM WEDNESDAY VERSION 1, 06 SEPTEMBER 2018 DRAWING NUMBER 14 of 24

WORKS IN THIS STAGE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AS4100-1998 Steel Structures AS4680 -2008 Hot Dipped Galvanised Coatings AS1554.1-2011 Structural Steel Welding AS1684.2-2010 Timber Framing

AS1720.1-2010 Timber Structures AS2269-1994 Structural Plywood AS3500.1-2003 Plumbing + Drainage AS3000-2018 Electrical Wiring

AS5601.1 Gas Installations

CASE STUDY: QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE ARCHITECT: JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS SECTION: 3C

STAGE EIGHT ROOF SHEETING + GUTTERS In stage eight, hand power tools will be used to affix the roof sheeting to the roof frame work installed in stage seven. Again, scissor lifts or small cranes will be utilised to lift materials onto the roof for installation.

Timber rooﬁng battens

Rooﬁng screws with rubber seal

ROOF SHEETING

Colourbond stainless steel roof sheeting installed on top of timber battens and fastened using screws.

ROOF SHEET AFFIXING

Roof sheeting

ROOF STRAPPING

Galvanised metal roof strapping used to stabilise roof timbers and to tie them to the load bearing structural walls.

Colourbond roof sheeting affixed top timber roofing battens after the installation of the reflective insulation foil and mesh. Roofing screws with rubber grommets/ seals used to ensure water does not enter through the holes.

DETAIL A: Detail of roof sheet affixing method with roofing screws used to attached metal sheets to timber battens.

Image of roof sheeting after it has been laid, installed and appropriately sealed and waterproofed.

Timber framed wall 3.15dia 35mm nails

Metal strap bracing from ridge to load bearing structure

DETAIL B: Detail of strapping requirements for timber roof members.

Image showing roof strapping in use to provide support and rigidity to the roof members.

Flashing with folded edge drip

WORK PLATFORM

BOX GUTTER DETAIL

BOX GUTTER INSTALLATION

Safety rails and work platforms installed for workers on roof.

ASSIGNMENT TWO: FLIP BOOK SECTION 2D CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS + ANNOTATIONS THOMAS MARTINIELLO - 834955 ABPL20033 - CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

Concealed box gutters installed to collect rainwater from roof whilst not being visible from ground level.

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DION KEECH STUDIO 11, 3.15PM WEDNESDAY VERSION 4, 15 SEPTEMBER 2018 DRAWING NUMBER 15 of 24

Box gutters are used to collect and move rainwater from the roof surface into the storm water drains.

WORKS IN THIS STAGE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AS1576.1-2010 Scaffolding General Requirements AS3999-2015 Bulk Thermal Insulation AS1562.1-1992 Design + Installation of Sheet Roof AS3500.1-2003 Plumbing + Drainage

Timber studs Box gutter

Support

DETAIL C: The box gutter is supported by a base which it sits on made typically form metal sheeting.

Image showing a box gutter and colourbond roof sheeting. The box gutter sits under the sheeting.

Source: Thomas Martiniello (3 Leslie Street)

CASE STUDY: QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE ARCHITECT: JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS SECTION: 3C

STAGE EIGHT ROOF SHEETING + GUTTERS In stage eight, the roof sheeting is installed along with the guttering for the house. Key steps in this stage are: 1. Safety railing installed onto roof prior to roof sheeting installation 2. Reflective foil insulation installed on top of roof joists + battens prior to roof sheeting 3. 19mm marine grade plywood substrate installed for sheet metal roofing (only above kitchen area) 4. Winspray coloured stainless steel Colourbond roof sheeting installed over purlins at a fall of 8.1 degrees over the kitchen area (all seams to be Flat lock lap joints) 5. Box gutters installed along eastern end of roof, along with fascia board and capping 6. Flashing and waterproofing of roof completed 7. Downpipes installed and connected to storm water drains/ rain water tanks 8. Roof gutters, downpipes, storm water and sewage drainage are then maintained to prevent overflows and to ensure that any leaks are promptly repaired during construction

L6 ROOF SHEETING

Metal roof sheeting specified as stainless steel to ensure it lasts and does not corrode in the coastal environment.

Lecture 6: Giorgio Marfella

Waterproof technology - principles and innovation

- Diversion is a waterproofing strategy used on roofs, moving the water off the roof down gutters and downpipes

RL 16.400 RL 15.800

FFL 12.100

Image of internal storm water pipes attached to the box gutter. The reason why there are two pipes is one is an overflow pipe in case the main one gets clogged.

Detail of flashing which has been folded back to create a drip to stop water from entering into the wall cavity and into the building.

Source: Thomas Martiniello (3 Leslie Street)

FFL 9.070

ASSIGNMENT TWO: FLIP BOOK SECTION 2D CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS + ANNOTATIONS THOMAS MARTINIELLO - 834955 ABPL20033 - CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

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DION KEECH STUDIO 11, 3.15PM WEDNESDAY VERSION 4, 15 SEPTEMBER 2018 DRAWING NUMBER 16 of 24

CASE STUDY: QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE ARCHITECT: JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS SECTION: 3C

STAGE NINE WINDOWS + CLADDING In stage nine, vacuum glass lifting equipment and machines are utilised to lift the large panes of glass onto the second floor for installation. This stage requires a number of workers on site to assist in the lifting and position of the glass which can be heavy and awkward to move, especially given the windy conditions of the site. Nail guns and circular saws are also used to cut and affix the timber cladding to the external walls.

SLIDING GLASS DOORS

Lecture 6: Giorgio Marfella

Waterproof technology - principles and innovation

- Three factors required for water to penetrate 1. Water must be present on the external surface of a building system 2. There must be an opening to permit the passage of water 3. There must be a force to drive water through the opening

Sliding glass doors installed in timber frame with weather seals and draft seals to minimise air and moisture transfer between the doors and into the inside of the building.

GLAZING

Glass panels installed into timber frames and sealed with silicone to ensure they are watertight.

CLADDING INSTALLATION

Finished timber window frame

Cladding installed on the external facade of the building adding the final waterproof skin to the building.

Glazing Weather/ draft seals Flush door lock and pull

DETAIL A: Detail of the sliding glass doors with weather seals and flush lock and flush pull handle specified.

Image of glass sliding doors being installed on the first floor in the kitchen area.

Timber stud frame Bulk insulation

External cladding

WALL CLADDING LAYERS

CLADDING BATTENS

Sarking is used to stop moisture from entering the building due to internal vs external temperature differences. It allows for excess moisture from condensation to escape however.

Timber battens for external cladding installed on external facade.

ASSIGNMENT TWO: FLIP BOOK SECTION 2D CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS + ANNOTATIONS THOMAS MARTINIELLO - 834955 ABPL20033 - CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

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DION KEECH STUDIO 11, 3.15PM WEDNESDAY VERSION 2, 14 SEPTEMBER 2018 DRAWING NUMBER 17 of 24

WORKS IN THIS STAGE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AS2047-2014 Windows and External Glazed Doors AS1288-2016 Glass in Buildings AS1562.1-1992 Design + Installation of Sheet Roofing AS4785 Timber Products

Sarking

DETAIL B: External wall layers with sarking used to act as a moisture barrier prior to cladding installation.

AS1684.2-2010 Timber Framing HB 125-2007 The Glass and Glazing Handbook AS/NZS 4666-2000 Insulating Glass Units AS 4654-2009 Waterproofing Membranes for Exterior Use

Example image of sarking installed over timber stud wall with additional timber battens for cladding.

CASE STUDY: QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE ARCHITECT: JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS SECTION: 3C

STAGE NINE WINDOWS + CLADDING In stage nine, the windows are installed along with the eternal timber cladding. The window frames are installed into the stud walls first, with the cladding then installed and cut to size around the openings. After the windows have been installed and sealed the building is then weather tight and ready for internal linings in the next stage. Key steps in this stage are: 1. Sarking installed on all timber stud frames for moisture protection 2. Tassie Oak timber window frames installed into stud walls and affixed using nails 3. Timber battens for external timber cladding installed 4. Cladding installed to the external facade of the kitchen as per the architectural drawings and details. 2390 x 590 x 8mm cement sheeting to be used on the Kitchen facade supplied by James Hardie Scyon ‘matrix’. Installed in accordance with James Hardie Technical Specifications and Installation Manual. Vertical joints to be proprietary cavity trim and sealant and horizontal joints to be proprietary backing strip and sealant. Panels to be fixed using 25mm countersunk stainless steel screws as recommended in Hardie’s installation manual. Epoxy and then base coat filler sanded smooth. 5. Additional timber battening used as external cladding for other parts of the building as outlined in the architectural drawings, with timber left untreated after installation to naturally grey. 6. Safety laminated or toughened double glazed panels fitted into the timber window frames as per the window schedule (note some single glazed panels used on this project) 7. Caulking installed on all windows and doors to prevent water penetration 8. Flashing installed on all windows and doors 9. Finished building to be designed to wind classification load N3 as per AS1684

SARKING INSTALLATION

Sarking attached to timber stud walls to wrap the building and protect it from external moisture penetration.

RL 16.400 RL 15.800

Glazing

Flooring Wash Rubber seal

WINDOW HEAD

Drip

Image of timber windowsill on site with flashing also installed to prevent moisture from entering the building.

Connection and detailing of window head quite detailed and complex for waterproofing, however it is concealed for aesthetics.

Exterior facing

Weather barrier

DETAIL C: Detail image of timber frame windowsill showing weatherproofing components.

FFL 12.100

Source: Francis D.K. Ching (2008)

Lintel

Weather barrier

Exterior facing

FFL 9.070

Rubber seal Glazing

Image of a timber window head on site with complex detail hidden by timber facing boards.

DETAIL D: Detail image of timber frame window head showing the different components. Source: Francis D.K. Ching (2008)

WINDOWSILL

Flashing and other waterproofing techniques used on windowsill to ensure water does not creep back into the building.

WINDOW FRAMES

Tassie Oak hardwood timber frames installed.

ASSIGNMENT TWO: FLIP BOOK SECTION 2D CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS + ANNOTATIONS THOMAS MARTINIELLO - 834955 ABPL20033 - CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

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DION KEECH STUDIO 11, 3.15PM WEDNESDAY VERSION 2, 14 SEPTEMBER 2018 DRAWING NUMBER 18 of 24

WORKS IN THIS STAGE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AS2047-2014 Windows and External Glazed Doors AS1288-2016 Glass in Buildings AS1562.1-1992 Design + Installation of Sheet Roofing AS4785 Timber Products

SEALING

Caulking and flashing installed around windows and doors. AS1684.2-2010 Timber Framing HB 125-2007 The Glass and Glazing Handbook AS/NZS 4666-2000 Insulating Glass Units AS 4654-2009 Waterproofing Membranes for Exterior Use

CASE STUDY: QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE ARCHITECT: JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS SECTION: 3C

STAGE TEN INTERNAL LININGS In stage 10, hand power tools such as hammers and drills are used by tradesmen to affix the plasterboard to the timber stud frame. Small hand held knives are also used to cut and install bulk insulation into the wall cavity prior to covering the walls on both sides with plasterboard.

PLASTER BOARD INSTALLATION

LAYING OF TILES

Plaster board sheets are installed in two panels so that if the room floods the bottom panel can be removed and replaced without the need to replace the whole wall.

Ceramic tiles are laid in the wet areas on top of a ceramic underlay sheet. A space is left between underlay sheets to allow for expansion and contraction due to moisture, ensuring the tiles do not crack as a result.

Top plate

Internal plasterboard

Bulk insulation bats

External wall cladding

DETAIL A: Detail of wall section showing the internal plasterboard, insulation and external cladding.

BULK INSULATION

Bulk insulation panels inserted into the walls for thermal comfort helping to retain heat in winder and stop heat from coming into the room in summer.

ASSIGNMENT TWO: FLIP BOOK SECTION 2D CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS + ANNOTATIONS THOMAS MARTINIELLO - 834955 ABPL20033 - CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

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DION KEECH STUDIO 11, 3.15PM WEDNESDAY VERSION 1, 06 SEPTEMBER 2018 DRAWING NUMBER 19 of 24

WORKS IN THIS STAGE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AS4859.1-2002 Materials for Thermal Insulation AS3999-2015 Bulk Thermal Insulation AS2588-1998 Gypsum Plasterboard AS3740 Waterproofing Wet Areas

AS3958.1-2007 Ceramic Tile Installation

Image showing walls and ceiling of kitchen area lined with paster board and with the joints patched and sanded to create a smooth finish ready for painting.

Insulation bats being installed into stud frame wall prior to plasterboard being installed. Source: www.bradfordinsulation.com.au

Image showing wet room plastering with waterproofing membrane and waterproof plaster board used.

CASE STUDY: QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE ARCHITECT: JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS SECTION: 3C

STAGE TEN INTERNAL LININGS In stage 10, as the roof and windows are now on and the house is weather tight things such as insulation and plasterboard are installed to line the stud walls. Waterproofing also gets underway in wet areas such as the powder room and laundry. Key steps in this stage are: 1. Two R1.6 Bradford Soundscreen insulation batts to be fitted into stud walls and Bradford R4.0 gold batts installed between rafters in roof with Bradford Anticon 55 faced with light duty foil non combustible bulk insulation blanket on roofing safety mesh over roofing dwarf walls. 2. Plasterboard is installed and fastened to timber stud work 3. Waterproof plasterboard and waterproofing materials installed in wet areas such as the powered room and laundry 4. Tiles in wet areas laid with the laundry floors to be finished with Massa Imports Avantgarde Coco Bocc 600 x 300mm ceramic tiles. Laundry walls to be finished in 200 x 100mm ceramic tiles to be specified.

RL 16.400 RL 15.800

INSULATION INSTALLATION

Plasterboard

Two R1.6 Bradford Soundscreen insulation batts installed between the timber stud walls.

Joint plaster

Timber batten

Image of plasterboard joints which have been plastered over and sanded smooth ready to be painted.

Plasterboard screws or nails

PLASTER BOARD JOINT

Joints between plaster board sheets are patched to ensure no join is visible.

DETAIL B: Detail of plaster board joint with screws patched over and hidden with joint plaster.

FFL 12.100

Additional Standards Relevant to the Insulation of Buildings: AS1276.1-1999 Acoustics- Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements. AS2499-2000 Acoustics – Measurements of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements – Laboratory measurement of room-to-room airborne sound insulation of a suspended ceiling with plenum above it. AS3999-1992 Thermal insulation of dwellings – Bulk Insulation – Installation requirements AS4200.1-1994 Pliable building membranes and underlays – Materials AS4200.2-1994 Pliable building membranes and underlays – Installation requirements AS4426-1997 Thermal insulation of pipework, ductwork and equipment – Selection, installation and finish. AS4508-1999 Thermal resistance of insulation for ductwork used in building airconditioning AS4859.1-2002 Materials for the thermal insulation of buildings – General criteria and technical Provisions (awaiting release).

FFL 9.070

PLASTER BOARD INSTALLATION Plaster board sheeting fasted to stud wall frame using plaster screws/ nails which are then covered over.

ASSIGNMENT TWO: FLIP BOOK SECTION 2D CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS + ANNOTATIONS THOMAS MARTINIELLO - 834955 ABPL20033 - CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

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DION KEECH STUDIO 11, 3.15PM WEDNESDAY VERSION 1, 06 SEPTEMBER 2018 DRAWING NUMBER 20 of 24

WORKS IN THIS STAGE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AS4859.1-2002 Materials for Thermal Insulation AS3999-2015 Bulk Thermal Insulation AS2588-1998 Gypsum Plasterboard AS3740 Waterproofing Wet Areas

AS3958.1-2007 Ceramic Tile Installation

CASE STUDY: QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE ARCHITECT: JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS SECTION: 3C

STAGE ELEVEN KITCHEN CARCASS + FLOORING

Timber vent cover

In stage 11, all the equipment required for the installation of the kitchen carcass is hand power tools such as drills. Manual labour is intensive in this stage with the floating timber flooring being installed after the kitchen carcass.

TIMBER FLOORING

Floating timber flooring installed in kitchen area after kitchen base cabinets have been placed.

Groove for timber vent so that cover is ﬂush with ﬂooring

KITCHEN CARCASS

Kitchen carcasses delivered to site and constructed before being arranged and placed in their correct location.

HYDRONIC FLOOR HEATING

The external stairs leading to the laundry are tiled and grouted in this stage in preparation for the building handover.

ASSIGNMENT TWO: FLIP BOOK SECTION 2D CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS + ANNOTATIONS THOMAS MARTINIELLO - 834955 ABPL20033 - CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

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DION KEECH STUDIO 11, 3.15PM WEDNESDAY VERSION 1, 10 SEPTEMBER 2018 DRAWING NUMBER 21 of 24

LAUNDRY + PDR CABINETS

Channel for hydronic heater

DETAIL A: Detail drawing of the hydronic floor heating vent cover, concealing the heater vents and maintaining a consistent floor level with the floating timber floor.

Timber grill covering the in floor hydronic heating vent.

EXTERNAL STAIRS

Timber ﬂooring level

Image of the hydronic heaters placed in the heating channel prior to the grill being installed over the top.

Image of hydronic heating floor grill prior to installation.

Floating timber floor being cut and installed on site, and laid on top of flooring underlay.

Floating timber flooring laid around kitchen cabinet base.

Cabinetry installed in the powder room and laundry.

WORKS IN THIS STAGE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AS 3500-2013 Plumbing and Drainage AS4386.1-1996 Domestic Kitchen Assemblies AS 5601-2004 Gas Installations AS3740 Waterproofing Wet Areas AS 3000-2007 Electrical Installations AS 15018-2005 Generic Cabling for Homes

CASE STUDY: QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE ARCHITECT: JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS SECTION: 3C

STAGE ELEVEN KITCHEN CARCASS + FLOORING In stage 11, the base cabinets or carcass for the kitchen cabinets are installed onto the timber flooring underlay. After the cabinet carcasses have been installed the floating timber floor can then be installed around it. Key steps in this stage are: 1. Kitchen carcasses and all components delivered to site for assembly 2. Kitchen carcasses constructed on site and arranged in their correct location according to the architectural drawings 3. Plumbing and electrics to be fitted into cabinets prior to stone bench top installation 4. Cabinetry to also be installed in laundry and powder room in accordance with architectural drawings 5. Timber floating floor boards installed after kitchen base cabinets installed in kitchen. 170mm wide tongue and grooved board face fixed over 19mm yellow tongue particle flooring. Timber floor boards recycled messmate from ‘Shiver me Timbers’. ‘Monothane’ finish applied to flooring, satin finish. 6. External stairs to the laundry completed with insitu concrete cured, tiled and grouted

RL 16.400 RL 15.800

Top brace

Inner shelf

CARCASS INSTALLATION

Kitchen carcasses placed onto their base frame in the correct locations according to the architectural plans.

Carcass

Door Kickboard

Example of kitchen carcasses assembled on site prior to installation.

KITCHEN CARCASS

Base cabinets installed onto timber base frame which is later covered by the kick board.

Adjustable feet

DETAIL B: Detail of a kitchen base cabinet showcasing the different components.

FFL 12.100

FFL 9.070

Detail in the kitchen pantry with doors and panels all aligning to appear as if there are none.

Kitchen base cabinets installed on top of base, with floating timber flooring installed and covered to protect it from damage.

ASSIGNMENT TWO: FLIP BOOK SECTION 2D CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS + ANNOTATIONS THOMAS MARTINIELLO - 834955 ABPL20033 - CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

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DION KEECH STUDIO 11, 3.15PM WEDNESDAY VERSION 1, 10 SEPTEMBER 2018 DRAWING NUMBER 22 of 24

CASE STUDY: QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE ARCHITECT: JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS SECTION: 3C

STAGE TWELVE FINAL JOINERY, FINISHES + PAINT

Stone benchtop

In stage 12, small power tools are utilised for the final finishes and fixing on site. Many trades are on site at the same time in this final stage with painters, electrician, plumbers, carpenters and the like all completing their respective components.

C Stone joint detail

Drawer

BENCH TOP INSTALLATION

PAINTING

Stone bench tops and splash backs for the kitchen are installed and sealed with silicone to stop water penetrating into the chipboard underneath.

D Drawer Pull handle detail

Wall and ceiling finishes applied in accordance to the final finishes documentation for colours, paint types and number of coats.

Kickboard

Final appliance installation and connection to services such as the kitchen range hood.

TIMBER CHOPPING BOARD

DETAIL A: Section cut of kitchen base drawer cabinet highlighting specified details for joinery finishes.

Image of base drawer cabinet referred to in detail, with timber panel drawer fronts installed.

Custom joinery such as the in built timber chopping board installed.

Grain rotated 90 degress for each cube

Cubes of timber with grain shown on upper face

KITCHEN

DETAIL B: Detail of the in-bench wooden chopping board explaining the grain detail/ patterning.

Image of in-bench chopping board made from cubes of sawn timber with the grain rotated for each piece creating a checker-board effect.

Installation of the stone bench-tops and splash-backs in the kitchen.

Kitchen island bench detailed with vase holder cut into marble as well as a timber vase.

PDR

BASE DRAWER CABINETS

High level of detail specified for cabinets to create clean lines through the whole kitchen with discrete handles and joins.

EXTERNAL FINISHES

External wall finishes applied in accordance to the final finishes documentation.

ASSIGNMENT TWO: FLIP BOOK SECTION 2D CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS + ANNOTATIONS THOMAS MARTINIELLO - 834955 ABPL20033 - CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

APPLIANCE INSTALLATION

Kitchen appliances such as they gas cook top installed and connected to services.

N 1:50 AT A3

DION KEECH STUDIO 11, 3.15PM WEDNESDAY VERSION 3, 15 SEPTEMBER 2018 DRAWING NUMBER 23 of 24

WORKS IN THIS STAGE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AS 3500-2013 Plumbing and Drainage AS2311-2017 Guide to Painting of Buildings AS 5601-2004 Gas Installations AS 3000-2007 Electrical Installations AS4386.1-1996 Domestic Kitchen Assemblies

CASE STUDY: QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE ARCHITECT: JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS SECTION: 3C

STAGE TWELVE FINAL JOINERY, FINISHES + PAINT In stage 12, the final finishes such as paint are applied, and the stone bench tops for the kitchen and light fittings are also installed. In this stage all final detailing and timber joinery completed ready for the house to be handed over to the owner. Key steps in this stage are: 1. Kitchen cupboard doors and drawers installed as per architectural drawings, with base cabinets to be finished in Blackbutt timber 2. Stone bench tops and splash backs to be installed in kitchen and sealed with silicone 3. Kitchen appliances installed and connected to gas, water and electricity services 4. Kitchen wall + ceiling finishes applied with final finishes documentation. Kitchen wall paint Dulux Professional Enviro 2 low sheen acrylic paint. Kitchen wall and ceiling paint colour Taubmans Spectrum Fandeck ‘Cotton Touch’ T9-6W 5. External wall finishes applied with kitchen facade paint colour Dulux Specifier PG1G8 “Luck” to be used 6. Laundry painted in accordance with final finishes documentation. Laundry wall paint colour to match LAM-02 (laminated bench top)

DOORS + DRAWERS

Installation of kitchen cabinet doors and draw faces made from Blackbutt timber.

RL 16.400 RL 15.800

All exposed joints to be mitered. Exposed corners to be 2mm max. pencil round

Routed drawer pulls centred on drawer with no ﬁnger pull

KITCHEN PAINTING

STONE 13

The plasterboard walls are finished with paint covering both the board and filled joints.

PARTICLE BOARD

PDR

DETAIL C: Detail of mitre joints to be used on stone bench-tops to conceal the joints making them less visible on the top surface.

KITCHEN

FFL 12.100

DETAIL D: Detail of kitchen drawer with groove routed into timber panel for opening as no handles are used.

LAUNDRY

SPA PLANT

FFL 9.070

Laundry cabinetry and tap ware also installed and finished on the ground floor.

Final electrical work for devices such as the intercom, climate controls and alarm installed in the kitchen pantry hidden behind the wall.

ASSIGNMENT TWO: FLIP BOOK SECTION 2D CONSTRUCTION STAGES, DETAILS + ANNOTATIONS THOMAS MARTINIELLO - 834955 ABPL20033 - CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

N 1:50 AT A3

LAUNDRY PAINTING

Wall and ceiling finishes applied in accordance to the final finishes documentation for colours, paint types and number of coats.

DION KEECH STUDIO 11, 3.15PM WEDNESDAY VERSION 3, 15 SEPTEMBER 2018 DRAWING NUMBER 24 of 24

DRAWER HANDLE DETAIL

Routed grooves detailed into base cabinets to remove the need for standard handles.

BENCH TOP JOINTS

Mitre joints specified with pencil rounded corners to take the sharp edge out of the stone.

CASE STUDY: QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE ARCHITECT: JOHN WARDLE ARCHITECTS SECTION: 3C