Little Woods by thuy_mesh

A NEIGHBORHOODS ASCENSION INTO THE PAST FUTURE

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Thuy Michelle Tran | Senior Project Research | LA 461. Dave Watts. Winter 2016

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COVER: LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN “IMAGES OF AMERICA”

User ~ PA

GES 1 - 4~

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GES 5 - 52~

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GES 53 - 78~

tionship Rela

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GES 83- 86~

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GES 87- 92~

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introduction For a place that faces a numerous amounts of odds, New Orleans should cease to exist, but the people are strong and it is a home worth fighting for. Known worldwide as the “crucible of jazz”, home of historic architecture, delicious cuisine and amiable people, New Orleans is a city of unique and vibrant culture. It is also a city that encompasses life beyond the famous atmosphere. A step into Little Woods, a neighborhood in New Orleans East, between Lake Pontchartrain and I-10, reveals a tale of the once existing fishing villages and the beautiful bayou that yearn for their return.

In 2005, New Orleans faced an unforgettable disaster that left the city devastated and the community of Little Woods forgotten. The recovery period has been slowly progressing, but ten years later, the tragedy of Hurricane Katrina is still very apparent. Little Woods is amongst the neighborhoods of the Ninth Ward that experienced multiple levee breaches and catastrophic flooding. The flooding is often seen as a direct effect of the hurricanes, but the devastation it has caused and continues to cause is due to an engineering failure. The current urban design and structural levee “protection” system is outdated and will no longer suffice.

While the famed downtown area received immediate aid and rebuilding efforts, neighborhoods within the Lower Ninth Ward and New Orleans East seemed to have been left behind. A drive through Little Woods reveals a disjointed neighborhood lacking the basic resources to life and pervaded with blight. Year after year, the hurricanes strike, the flooding ensues, death toll rises and the thought of rebuilding is beyond financial reach. With each tragic event, the city is criticized and rebuilding is seen as lost cause. However, with every tragedy there is a lesson to be learned and an opportunity to do something differently. The problem with New Orleans is beyond a singular person or a profession; it requires a number of expertise of different fronts. It is a problem with multiple solutions that deserves a chance to be discovered, explored and implemented. If thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a possibility to prevent another tragedy shouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t it be considered?

To influence the design process of Little Woods, we will look towards fishing as a metaphor. Fish can be fierce contenders, one must be ready to follow the fish, to get splashed, soaked and covered in mud. All are part of the struggles that must be embraced to learn the art of fishing and to be victorious. Little Woods has been tossed around, drowning in their demons and trying to stay dry, but those days are gone. To have another fighting chance Little Woods must be willing to get wet, to take risks and allow for opportunities of change and education that will strengthen the city and revitalizes its hopes and dreams.

MISSION STATEMENT

Use elements from nature and inspiration from the historic cultural landscape of little woods, to create an experience of culture, community, and education, while promoting research for future ecologically comprehensive flood protection systems.

CONCEPT STATEMENT

“Five feet high and rising” A neighborhood’s ascension INTO THE past FUTURE

~LI

TTE WOODS~

The formation of new land History of little woods

7-15 16

Site location and city wide context

17-18

Climate and weather

19-20

timeline of major hurricanes

21-22

Demographics

23-24

City zoning

Circulation Neighborhood context VIEWS AND VISTA

26 27-28 29-30

Vegetation

31-32

Wildlife

33-34

Soil characteristics

35-37

Topography

Hydrology

39-40

POLLUTANTS

41-42

WATER MOVEMENT

What is a levee?

44-46

Updated levee system

47-48

Current status and conditions : opportunities and constraints History of the fishing camps @ little woods

49-50 51-52

LOUISIANA

TANGIPAHOA RIVER

TCHEFUNCTE RIVER

MISSISSIPPI PEARL RIVER

PRESENT DAY LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN PRESENT DAY LAKE BORGNE NEW ORLEANS

GULF OF MEXICO

6000 YEARS AGO

PRESENT DAY MISSISSIPPI RIVER

PRESENT DAY WETLANDS

The formation of new land SOUTHEAST LOUISIANA IS OVER 7,000 YEARS IN THE MAKING. THE POWERFUL MISSISSIPPI RIVER BUILT THE LAND THAT NEW ORLEANS SITS ON TODAY. 6.000 YEARS AGO, AT THE SAME TIME AS WRITTEN LANGUAGE DEVELOPED, MUCH OF SOUTHEAST LOUISIANA CEASED TO EXIST. The NEW ORLEANS CRESCENT HAS NOT RISEN OUT OF THE GULF OF MEXICO , AND PRESENT DAY LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN WAS AN AREA OF DRY LAND DIVIDED BY A SYSTEM OF RIVERS AND STREAMS.

SOURCES: NOLA.GOV

LOUISIANA

TANGIPAHOA RIVER

TCHEFUNCTE RIVER

MISSISSIPPI PEARL RIVER

PRESENT DAY LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN

PRESENT DAY LAKE BORGNE NEW ORLEANS

GULF OF MEXICO

4600 YEARS AGO

PRESENT DAY MISSISSIPPI RIVER

PRESENT DAY WETLANDS

The formation of new land

THE GLACIERS FROM THE ICE AGE WERE STEADILY MELTING, CAUSING A RISE IN GLOBAL SEA LEVEL. THIS RESULTED IN THE FORMATION OF LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN AND THE BARRIER ISLAND FORMATION.

LOUISIANA

TANGIPAHOA RIVER

TCHEFUNCTE RIVER

MISSISSIPPI PEARL RIVER

MISSISSIPPI RIVER

PRESENT DAY LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN

PRESENT DAY LAKE BORGNE NEW ORLEANS PRESENT DAY MISSISSIPPI RIVER

GULF OF MEXICO

4,300 - 4,000 YEARS

PRESENT DAY WETLANDS

The formation of new land

THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER SHIFTED ITâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S COURSE TOWARDS PRESENT DAY NEW ORLEANS AND BEGAN TO DEPOSIT SEDIMENT OUTWARDS, EVENTUALLY FORMING THE ST. BERNARD DELTA AND ENCLOSING LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN BAY. AT THE SAME TIME, 4,000 YEARS AGO, THE GREAT PYRAMIDS WERE BEING CONSTRUCTED.

MISSISSIPPI

LOUISIANA LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN NEW ORLEANS

CHANDELEUR SOUND

BRETON SOUND

GULF OF MEXICO

3,000 - 2,000 YEARS

CHANDELEUR ISLANDS

The formation of new land

THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA CONTINUED TO GROW AS FAR EAST AS PRESENT DAY CHANDELEUR ISLANDS. HOWEVER, 1000 YEARS LATER, THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER CHANGED IT’S COURSE AGAIN, CREATING THE LA FOURCHE DELTA, AND AT THE SAME TIME ROBBING NUTRIENTS FROM ITS PREVIOUS LANDFORMS. THUS, CREATING TODAY’S WETLANDS.

LOUISIANA

LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN NEW ORLEANS

CHANDELEUR SOUND

LAKE BORGNE

BRETON SOUND

GULF OF MEXICO

1718 - 1900

NEW ORLEANS WAS FOUNDED IN 1718

AND THE NEXT THREE CENTURIES INVOLVED EXCESSIVE SWAMP DRAINING, LEVEE AND CANAL BUILDING THAT HAS CAUSED MUCH OF A DETRIMENT TO THE HEALTHY WETLANDS. FOR THE NEXT YEARS TO COME, NEW ORLEANS WILL FACE THE CONSEQUENCES OF THIS BOLD, MISTAKABLE MOVE.

History of little woods In the early 1920s, Little Woods developed around Lake Pontchartrain as an area of refuge and escape. Fishing camps and lake front entities shot up and gave the area a rich history and meaning that created deep rooted nostalgia and memories. Life on the lake was filled with delicious seafood, art and music. Little Woods was often known as the “Poor Man’s Miami Beach”, but as the world progresses and tragedies happen, the Little Woods that New Orleanians have come to know and love ceases to exist. In 1998 Hurricane George destroyed the majority of the camps and finally in 2005 Hurricane Katrina took out the rest. There is only one camp that remains today, but it remains in ruins, looted and unappreciated.

IMAGE Shows A FAMILY LEAVING THEIR CAMP FOR ONE LAST TIME. TWO DAYS LATER, KATRINA TOOK IT AWAY.

SOURCES: LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN “IMAGES OF AMERICA”

LOUISIANA

ATLANTIC OCEAN

New Orleans GULF OF MEXICO

CARIBBEAN SEA

CUBA

Site location AND CONTEXT City of new Orleans LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN

LAKE PONT. BAYOU SAUVAGE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE

LAKE BORGNE MISSISSIPPI RIVER

JEFFERSON PARISH

ST. BERNARD PARISH PLAQUEMINES PARISH

LITTLE WOODS SIZE: 44.099 SQ.MI

NEW ORLEANS CITY PARK

FRENCH QUARTER

CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT

CLIMATE 100’F

8” 7” 6”

80’F

5”

- HUMID SUB TROPICAL CLIMATE - VERY HOT AND HUMID SUMMERS | MILD WINTERS

4” 3”

60’F

2”

- HUMIDITY RANGES FROM 49 - 99 PERCENT YEAR ROUND - HIGH ANNUAL RAINFALL

1”

DEC

NOV

OCT

SEP

AUG

JUL

JUN

MAY

APR

MAR

FEB

0”

JAN

40’F

- HURRICANE SEASON JUNE - NOVEMBER (SEE “WHAT IS A HURRICANE?” FOR FURTHER EXPLANATION)

AVERAGE TEMPERATURES LOW

HIGH

AVERAGE RAINFALL

NATURAL DISASTER RISK Very high tornado | hurricane risk This is typical for New Orleans, for it is apart of the Atlantic Basin, which houses warm waters vulnerable to the formation of tropical storms.

Very high flood risk This is typical for the neighborhood, but the average is much higher than the majority of new Orleans. Little wood sits below sea level and is only protected by flood walls and levees. SOURCES: NEIGHBORHOODSCOUT.COM| USCLIMATEDATA.COM | FREEPIK.COM | GIS DATA

Average relative humidity

Average monthly sun hours

100%

400 hrs

80%

300 hrs

60%

200 hrs

40%

dec

Nov

oct

Sep

Aug

Jul

Jun

May

Apr

Mar

Feb

0 hrs

Jan

Dec

Nov

Oct

Sep

Aug

Jul

Jun

May

APR

feb

- On average, January is the most humid.

- On average, May is the most sunny.

- On average, May is the least humid month.

- On average, December has the lowest amount of sunshine.

Average wind temperature 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Average water temperature 86’ f

- On average, the most wind is seen in February. - On average, the least wind is seen in August.

dec

nov

oct

sep

aug

jul

jun

may

mar

feb

jan

dec

nov

oct

sep

aug

jul

0’ f

jun

may

apr

mar

feb

jan

69’ f

apr

jan Wind speed (meters per second)

Mar

100 hrs

20% 0%

- On average, August has the hottest water temperature. - On average, March has the coldest water temperature.

1 meter per second = 2.2 miles per hour SOURCES: WEATHERANDCLIMATE.COM

WHAT IS A HURRICANE?

MAJOR HURRICANES THROUGHOUT THE YEARS.

A tropical cyclone with winds of 74 miles per hour or greater that occurs especially in the western Atlantic, that is usually accompanied by rain, thunder, and lightning, and that sometimes moves into temperate latitudes

110 60

# OF STORMS PER YEAR

NOV DEC

SEPT OCT

JULY AUG

MAY JUNE

HURRICANE SEASON

HURRICANES AND TROPICAL STORMS HURRICANES

Hurricane season for the Atlantic Basin (the Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico) is from 1 June to 30 November. As seen above, the peak of the season is from mid-August to late October.

CATEGORIES:

MAX. WIND SPEED | MPH

3 111-130

74-95

95-110

131-155

> 156

SEPT. 1965: HURRICANE BETSY CATEGORY: 3 MAX WIND: 155 MPH. DEATHS: 76 DAMAGE: $1.42 BILLION. [ $7.5 BILLION TODAY] Nicknamed “billion dollar Betsy” for being the first hurricane to amass over $1 billion. Resulted in the formation of the U.S. army corps of engineers hurricane protection program, who rebuilt the levee system that was in place during 2005.

CATEGORY: 3 MAX WIND: 175 MPH. DEATHS: 1,837 DAMAGE: $150 BILLION.

CATEGORY: 5 MAX WIND: 190 MPH. DEATHS: 259 DAMAGE: $9.2 BILLION.

TROPICAL DEPRESSION FORMED OVER THE BAHAMAS AND MOVED THROUGH THE GULF COAST. 80% of the city was flooded, due to levee failures. The system was built in 1965, outdated and unmaintained. This caused a devastation within the city that can be still be seen today, in 2016

Hurricane formed in the cayman islands and traveled along the coast of Mississippi. Caused a 25 foot storm surge that flooded 860,000 acres of land in Louisiana.

AUG. 1969 HURRICANE CAMILLE

AUG. 1992 HURRICANE ANDREW

AUG. 2005 HURRICANE KATRINA

CATEGORY: 5 MAX WIND: 175 MPH. DEATHS: 26 DAMAGE: $26.5 BILLION. Hurricane developed off the African coast and moved into the gulf. 182 million fish were killed in Louisiana and the agricultural lands suffered greatly.

DEMOGRAPHICS STATISTICS TOTAL POPULATION ( 2014 EST. ) POPULATION DENSITY ( SQ. MI ) MEDIAN AGE MALE | FEMALE RATIO

LITTLE WOODS

NEW ORLEANS

LOUISIANA

19,109 4,313 33.4 0.8:1

341,407 2,015 34.9 0.9:1

4,529,605 107 35.9 1:1

POPULATION DENSITY BY RACE

AGE DISTRIBUTION

UNDER 20 20-24 25-34

35-44 45-64 65+

Approximately 31.52% of residents are under the age of 20. This is a high percentage for New Orleans and New In Little Woods, 93.00% people are African Orleans Metro. American. This is a relatively high percentage of African Americans for New Orleans and QUITE The second largest age group in Little representative of a typical neighborhood in New Woods is THE middle aged residents between 45 and 64 years old. Orleans. WHITE | 3% AFRICAN AMERICAN | 94% ASIAN| 1% AMERICAN INDIAN | 1% MIXED RACE| 1%

WHAT IS BLIGHT? ANNUAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME

UNDER 25K

25K-49K

50K-74K

75K-149K

HOUSING STATUS

MEDIAN INCOME: 38,492 POVERTY: 23% FAMILIES | 24% PEOPLE Approximately 42.0% of Little Woods’ population lives in a low income household of less than $25,000. This is a high percentage of low income households for New Orleans. The second most common income level is lower middle class with 28.4% of Little Woods’ residents WITH INCOMES between $25,000 and $50,000.

150K+

CURRENT BLIGHT DEMOLITIONS

7542 5928 1596 TOTAL HOUSING UNITS

OCCUPIED

VACANT

OF THE VACANCIES, MANY ARE BLIGHTED ACTING AS GROUNDS FOR CRIMINAL ACTIVITY. MANY ARE SCHEDULED FOR DEMOLITION, LEAVING “HOLES” WITHIN THE COMMUNITY AND AREAS FOR POTENTIAL REDEVELOPMENT

“Blighted areas Means areas that, by reason of deterioration, faulty Planning, inadequate or improper facilities, deleterious land use or The existence of unsafe structures, or any combination of these factors, are detrimental to the safety, Health or welfare of the Community.” - ORS.457.010

CITY ZONING PARKS RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT COMMERCIAL DISTRICT NEW ORLEANS CITY PARKS

LITTLE WOODS LAND USE

NEIGHBORHOOD BUSINESSES INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT

Circulation INTERSTATE HIGHWAY MAIN ARTERIAL STREETS TRUCK ROUTES BICYCLE PATHS RTA BUS ROUTES

0.7-0.8

WALKABILITY | CONNECTIVITY 0.2-0.3

0.3-0.4

0.5-0.6

0.6-0.7

* Darker areas are more walkable and better connected. **RATING NEAR ZERO INDICATES A POOR PEDESTRIAN ENVIRONMENT. A RATING NEAR ONE INDICATES A GOOD PEDESTRIAN ENVIRONMENT. *** Property owners are legally responsible for the sidewalks in front of their properties

0.7-0.8

Neighborhood context PUBLIC SCHOOLS

PRIVATE SCHOOLS

The majority of the schools in the area are charter and private elementary/ middle schools. There is only one public school in the neighborhood, but a few others a few miles south.

1/27/2016

Habibi Grocery LLC - Google Maps

Habibi Grocery LLC

GROCERY STORES

The majority of the groceries store in this area are privately owned corner stores. These stores are often regarded as a source of nuisance or crime. There is a lack of fresh produce and other basic needs.

MEDICAL CENTERS. HOSPITALS Image capture: Mar 2014

ÂŠ 2016 Google

Hayne Blvd New Orleans, Louisiana Street View - Mar 2014

https://www.google.com/maps/place/Habibi+Grocery+LLC/@30.0468237,-89.9892145,3a,75y,144h,90t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sb0ORgjh3QOLadniE1QomHw!2e0!...

1/1

There is a small amount of medical centers in the neighborhood, but they are all rated highly. The nearest hospitals are no further than six miles from the neighborhood center.

E BL N V Y

D .

VIEWS AND VISTAS

HAYNE BLVD. RUNS SOUTH OF LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN THROUGH LITTLE WOODS. IT IS THE NORTHERN MOST ROAD BORDERING THE NEIGHBORHOOD AND IT IS ALSO DIRECTLY NEXT TO THE 20 + FEET LEVEE AND FLOODWALL THAT BLOCKS ANY VIEWS TOWARDS THE LAKE. ACCESS TO THE TOP OF THE LEVEE IS ONLY POSSIBLE BY TREKKING OVER THE GRASSY KNOLL AND IS OFTEN USED BY PEDESTRIANS AND RUNNERS. SI

NCE 1852

U SAUV

EAST OF LITTLE WOODS IS BAYOU SAUVAGE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE. THIS ARE PROVIDES GREAT VISTAS OF THE NATURAL LANDSCAPE, BUT IS ONLY VIEWABLE FROM THE EASTERNMOST HOUSING UNITS.

NCE 1852

N AT U R A L

Intermediate and brackish marsh

The land little woods rests on today was formed by the Mississippi river delta. The actual land resembles that of the bayou sauvage national wildlife refuge, which contains marshlands and wetlands. These are the type of natural vegetation that would be found in this area.

- VINTAGE -

- QUALITY -

E AR ANTE

Leptochloa fusca

Panicum virgatum

Paspalum vaginatum

Phragmites australis

Schoenoplectus americanus

Spartina patens

Eleocharis spp.

Cyperus spp.

Spartina cynosuroides

Spartina alterniflora

Distichlis spicata

Bolboschoenus robustus SOURCES: LACOAST.GOV | VEGETATION TYPES | IMAGES: GOOGLE

NEW ORLEANS WILDLIFE NEW ORLEANS WILDLIFE REFUGE NEARING LITTLE WOODS, CONTAINS A DIVERSE RANGE OF HABITATS. THE SPARSE LANDS SURROUNDED BY WATER MAKES WAY FOR INTERESTING ENVIRONMENTS SUCH AS NATURAL BAYOUS, HARDWOOD FORESTS, AS WELL AS FRESH AND BRACKISH MARSHLANDS. THERE ARE OVER HUNDREDS OF BIRD SPECIES THAT FIND HOME ALONG THESE LANDS. A WIDE RANGE OF MIGRATORY NEOTROPICAL BIRDS CAN BE SEEN THROUGH THE FALL-SPRING, AND HUNDREDS OF WATERFOWL DOMINATE THE AREA IN THE WINTER. NEW ORLEANS IS OFTEN KNOWN FOR THEIR ABUNDANCE OF THE GREAT BLUE HERON, AMERICAN ALLIGATOR AND WHITE TAILED DEER. WITHIN THE WATERS, THE MARSHES ALONG LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN AND BORGNE PROVIDE BEAUTIFUL HABITATS FOR NURSERIES OF FISH, CRAB AND SHRIMP.

Natural bayous

Hardwood forests

Marshlands

NEOTROPICAL birds

Migratory birds

Great blue heron

Water fowl

American alligator

Snakes

White tailed deer

Blue shelled crab

Shrimp

SOURCES: NEWORLEANSONLINE.COM |FWS.COM/REFUGE/BAYOU_SAUVAGE | IMAGES: GOOGLE

N AT U R A L

- VINTAGE -

Properties and qualities •Slope: 0 to 1 percent •Very poorly drained •Frequency of flooding: Frequent •Frequency of ponding: None

- QUALITY -

E AR ANTE

AT—Aquents, dredged, frequently flooded Setting •Landform: Marshes •Parent material: Alluvium

An—Aquents, dredged Setting •Landform: Marshes •Parent material: Alluvium Properties and qualities •Slope: 0 to 1 percent •Very poorly drained •Frequency of flooding: None •Frequency of ponding: None

Ha—Harahan clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes Setting •Landform: Backswamps •Landform position (3D): Dip •Parent material: Nonfluid over fluid clayey alluvium Typical profile •A - 0 to 4 inches: clay •Bg - 4 to 20 inches: clay •Ab - 20 to 32 inches: clay •Cg - 32 to 75 inches: clay Properties and qualities •Slope: 0 to 1 percent •Poorly drained •Runoff class: Low •Frequency of flooding: Rare •Frequency of ponding: None

SOURCES: WEBSOILSURVEY.COM | SOIL SURVEY MANUAL

SOIL CHARACTERISTICS HYDROLOGIC SOIL GROUP

EST. RUNOFF POTENTIAL ACCORDING TO RATE OF INFILTRATION WHEN NOT PROTECTED BY VEGETATION AND DURING LONG STORMS.

Group C. Slow infiltration rate |soils having a layer that impedes the downward movement of water or soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture. Group D. Very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential) | clays that have a high shrink-swell potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material.

GROUP C. GROUP D.

DRAINAGE CLASS

FREQUENCY AND DURATION OF WET PERIODS.

Somewhat poorly drained. Water is removed slowly so that the soil is wet at a shallow depth for significant periods during the growing season.

AT|AN: VERY POORLY DRAINED || HA: POORLY DRAINED LV: SOMEWHAT POORLY DRAINED

Poorly drained. Water is removed so slowly that the soil is wet at shallow depths periodically during the growing season or remains wet for long periods.

POORLY DRAINED

Very poorly drained. Water is removed from the soil so slowly that free water remains at or very near the ground surface during much of the growing season. Unless the soil is artificially drained, most mesophytic crops cannot be grown. The soils are commonly level or depressed and frequently ponded. If rainfall is high or nearly continuous, slope gradients may be greater.

TOPOGRAPHY CONTOUR MAP | 1 FT. INTERVAL -1

-1

New Orleans is often criticized for its development in such a poor location. Much of the city sits at or below sea level , hence the reason for all of itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s problems with inundation. The land that the city sits on is made of sand and clayey soils, which differentiate in depth throughout the city. The composition of the land doubled with the frequent flooding and rapid removal of water by pumps, has caused an apparent sinkage of the city. As the city drops in elevation, the water surrounding it slowly rises. The neighborhood of Little Woods sits directly south of Lake Pontchartrain and there is very little elevation change. The majority of the neighborhood sits 1â&#x20AC;&#x2122; below sea level. However to prevent water from flooding the neighborhood, the lake front is lined with reinforced levees and flood walls that are around 17 to 20 feet in height.

HYDROLOGY CITY OF NEW ORLEANS GROUND ELEVATION

23’ FLOOD WALL

gentilly ridge

MISSISSIPPI RIVER BANK

Canal st.

St. Louis Cathedral

Esplanade at st. Claude

17.5’ LEVEE AND FLOOD WALL LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN SHORELINE

Dillard univ. Campus

Univ. Of new Orleans

To fully understand the impacts of water on the city of New Orleans, the section ABOVE illustrates the placement of the land in relation to sea level and the varying topography that the city faces. New Orleans often faces the threat of flooding in any type of storm or rainfall. It is importance to understand the hydrology and geological features of the land to process any problems or solutions. As the watershed map illustrates, much of the city is a basin and a potential flood zone. New Orleans topography differs throughout the city, but ultimately lies below sea level. In some cases the water table lies only 24 inches below the ground, and in other places the land extends 3-4 feet before hitting water. The city itself contains a series of systems and pumping stations that move the water in and out. There are also a number of levee’s and offshore surge barriers that help prevent another inundation disaster.

LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN

MORRISON CANAL LAKE BORGNE

MISSISSIPPI RIVER

WATERSHED

EASTERN LOUISIANA COASTAL WATERSHED

PONTCHARTRAIN WATERSHED

MORRISON CANAL

BAYOU SAUVAGE

SOURCES: NOLA.COM | GIS DATA | IMAGES: GOOGLE

lake pontchartrain pollutants nutrients is a widespread problem causing algae bloom, loss of sea grass habitat, low-bottom water oxygen levels and fisheries loss. The source of the pollutants and nutrients are largely from sewage, runoff from urban development and Mississippi river discharge.

SOURCE OF POLLUTANTS SPRAWL | POOR DEVELOPMENT

ALGAE BLOOM

LITTER

SEWAGE

DAIRY FARMS

OIL | GAS STRUCTURES

atmospheric deposition

estuarine pollution index

hydrologic modification

population change

agricultural runoff potential

urban runoff potential

pollutant loads - conventional pollutants

pollutant loads - toxic pollutants

aquatic | wetland species at risk

lake pontchartrain

CONDITION | VULNERABILITY INDICATOR

BETTER

LESS SERIOUS

MORE SERIOUS

NO DATA

MORE SERIOUS - LOW VULNERABILITY

SOURCE OF POLLUTANTS

SPRAWL | POOR DEVELOPMENT SOURCE: SAVEOURLAKE.ORG | EPA

pollutant loads - toxic pollutants

aquatic | wetland species at risk

wetland loss index

ambient water quality data-four conventional pollutants

ambient water quality data-four toxic pollutants

containment sediments

fish and wildlife consumption advisories

designated use attainment

overall water quality assessment rank

BASINS | THE MOVEMENT OF WATER LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN

RIVER GROUNDWATER - LAKE INTERACTION MISSISSIPPI RIVER

GROUNDWATER-SURFACE WATER TRANSECTS REGIONAL GROUNDWATER TRANSECTS FLOODING POTENTIAL PONTCHARTRAIN BASIN

THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS IS A FLOODPLAIN TO MORE THAN ONE WATER SOURCE. EVERY BODY OF WATER, FLOWING OR STILL-STANDING CONTAINS A LEVEL OF THREAT THAT MUST BE UNDERSTOOD. THE CITY HAS A SYSTEM IN PLACE TO DRAIN THE NECESSARY AREAS, BUT KNOWING HOW AND WHERE EACH SOURCE OF WATER MOVES PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN DEVELOPING NEW FLOOD CONTROL SYSTEMS.

MISSISSIPPI BASIN BARATARIA BASIN AREA WATER LINEAR WATER SOURCES: THELENSNOLA.ORG

In 2005, hurricane Katrinaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s surges proved victorious against the city of new Orleans. This images shows one of the many breached levees, letting THE flood IN.

WHAT IS A LEVEE? An embankment that is built in order to prevent a river from overflowing. Type of embankment A long artificial mound of stone or earth; built to hold back water or to support a road or as protection In New Orleans, the levee systems are meant to protect against the flooding of the Mississippi River and fend off surges from Lake Pontchartrain and Borgne. The entire city is surrounded by these mounds of permeable clay like soil, that start wide at the base and narrow at the top. These are essentially compacted dirt walls that can run for miles and range from 10 to 20 feet tall. In 2005, due to Hurricane Katrina, there had been over 50 reports of levee breaches. This unfortunate system failure can be seen as a direct cause of the devastation that engulfed New Orleans. 80 percent of the city flooded, killing about1,600 people and displacing over 200,000. The city itself lacked sufficient planning, maintenance and contained an outdated and risky design.

SOURCES: IMAGE: LSU.EDU

TYPES OF LEVEES

TYPES OF levee failures Reinforced Concrete wall

I-wall Water

Limestone Berm

WATER LEVEL (DURING SURGE) Levee

Metal sheet piling

Compacted dirt

Some flooding

Metal sheet piling An i-wall relies on pressure against the soil. HOWEVER, IN N.O THE SOILS ARE SOFT AND NOT STRONG. THIS SYSTEM DOES NOT WORK WELL AND BUILDING HEIGHTS ARE LIMITED.

Reinforced Concrete t-wall

T-wall Water

FLOOD WALL (I-WALL)

NORMAL WATER LVL. Levee

OVERTOP

Limestone berm

Major flooding Breached Levee

Metal sheet piling & Supports

OVERTOPPED & BREACHED

T-WALLS ARE A STRONG AND GUARANTEED SYSTEM, BUT EXPENSIVE AND NOT COST EFFECTIVE. SOURCES: TULANE.EDU | GIS DATA

I-WALLS WERE THE MOST COMMONLY USED LEVEE SYSTEM DURING KATRINA. THE OVERTOPPING AND BREACHING OF THE I-WALLS CAUSED MUCH OF THE DAMAGE AND FLOODING. IT HAS BEEN DISCOVERED THAT THE LEVEES IN PLACE DURING KATRINA WERE OUTDATED, POORLY CONSTRUCTED, UNMAINTAINED, INCOMPLETE AND INCONSISTENCE.

HURRICANE KATRINA: LEVEE FAILURE LEVEES AND FLOOD WALLS AREAS OF BREACH

UPDATED LEVEE SYSTEM

2. SEABROOK 1. GATES AT OUTFALL FLOODGATE CANALS

NEW ORLEANS

LEVEES AND FLOOD WALLS BEING BUILT OR RESTORED

3. LAKE BORGNE SURGE BARRIER MISSISSIPPI RIVER LEVEE

MISSISSIPPI RIVER LEVEE PUMP STATIONS SHORE PROTECTION 1. GATES AT OUTFALL CANALS Steel gates were built at the entrance of the canals that drain into Lake Pontchartrain. Water pumps at the gate forces water around the gate preventing surges from entering the city.

4. WEST CLOSURE COMPLEX 2. SEABROOK FLOODGATE COMPLEX The complex is part of a series of levees, breakwaters and flood walls that prevent a storm surge from entering the Industrial Canal, which borders Little Woods. This is meant to work in unison with the Lake Borgne surge barrier. SOURCES: NYTIMES.COM | WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE NETHERLANDS

HOW DOES THE DUTCH DO IT?

3. LAKE BORGNE SURGE BARRIER A 1.8 mile flood wall that prevent surges from Lake Borgne and the Gulf of Mexico. This was designed to protect the most affected areas of the city, such as East New Orleans, St. Bernard Parish, the Lower Ninth Ward and Gentilly. This project cost 1.1 Billion. 4. WEST CLOSURE COMPLEX A series of floodgates, flood walls, levees and the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest pump station planned at the meeting point of Harvey and Algiers Canal. This is a $1 Billion project to prevent surges from the Gulf of Mexico from entering west bank communities.

About two thirds of the Netherlands is prone to flooding, but their system to keep water out is rated as one of the best in the world. The famous windmills of Holland are one of many lines of defenses. The coastal areas consist of sand dunes, natural embankments and human-made dikes that protect against surges from the sea and river. Dams and floodgates are also used. Throughout the land there is a complicated system of drainage canals and pumping stations, that balance the amount of water traveling in and out. The historic windmills are used to pump water out behind the dikes and into the sea. These keep the low-lying parts of the Netherlands dry for habitation and agriculture. Additionally local government bodies utilize water control boards to constantly upkeep and maintain this system.

I T I N D O

T A T U S

OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS MANY RESIDENTS OF LITTLE WOODS FEEL AS IF THEY HAVE BEEN FORGOTTEN AND THE CULTURE THAT ONCE DEFINED THEM HAS WASHED AWAY WITH THE NEVER ENDING STORMS. Although much of the neighborhood has rebuilt itself, there are still many areas in need of help. Empty concrete lots are common throughout the neighborhood, as well as overgrown and blighted structures. The people of Little Woods are living in a broken neighborhood. On one side of the street, the devastation of Katrina can still be seen, while the other, beautiful houses stand strong. There are great opportunities for Little Woods to start over and to redefine themselves as a neighborhood that held meaning beyond the suburbs.

+ CREATE A NEW AND UNIQUE IDENTITY THROUGH THE REVITALIZATION OF THE FISHING CAMPS AND ASSOCIATED CULTURE, AS WELL AS THE CREATION OF A NEWLY FOUND COMMUNITY. GIVEN THE NATURAL CIRCUMSTANCES, THIS PROJECT CONTAINS A NUMEROUS AMOUNT OF CONSTRAINTS AND FACTORS WORKING AGAINST IT.

+ Land Use

+ Hydrology

HOW CAN I REWORK THE CITYâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ZONING AND LAND USE PLAN TO GIVE BACK TO THE WETLANDS, AND FORM A NEW COMMUNITY?

HOW CAN I BALANCE THE MOVEMENT OF WATER IN AND OUT OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD TO PREVENT FLOODING AND FURTHER LAND SUBSIDENCE?

+ Finances HOW CAN NEW ORLEANS AFFORD THIS?

HOW CAN I DESIGN A RESILIENT COMMUNITY TO WITHSTAND THE NATURAL CLIMATE AND ITS FREQUENT DISASTERS?

+ Willingness for Change

+ Infrastructure

HOW CAN I CONVINCE THE OPPOSITION THAT NEW ORLEANS CAN AND SHOULD BE SAVED?

HOW CAN I DESIGN A FOUNDATION-ALLY STABLE COMMUNITY WITH THE GIVEN LAND CONSTRAINTS?

+ Climate

WHAT IS A FISHING CAMP?

I S H I N G F

FISHING CAMPS ARE SMALL WOODEN HOUSES, BUILT ON STILTS OR PILINGS OVER THE WATER. THESE CAMPS ARE OFTEN PERMANENT RESIDENCE FOR THOSE WHO DESIRE LIFE ON THE LAKE AND SUMMER VACATION HOMES.

ACTIVITIES:

HISTORY OF

T L E

W O

DURING THIS TIME, NEW ORLEANS LAKEFRONT BEGAN TO THRIVE. PEOPLE BUILT FISHING CAMPS OVER THE WATER. SOME WERE SMALL AND OTHERS GRAND. AS THE COASTAL FRONT DEVELOPED THE TOWN AROUND IT CAME TO BE AS WELL. LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN AND LITTLE WOODS BECAME A DESTINATION FOR PEOPLE TO ESCAPE THE CITY, TO ENJOY MUSIC AND TO EXPERIENCE LIFE ON THE LAKE.

1800s-1930S

IN 1998, HURRICANE GEORGE DESTROYED 70 CAMPS. AS THE FISHING CAMPS DISAPPEARED AND THE LEVEES WERE BUILT HIGHER, THE LAKEFRONT DETERIORATED.

1998

COMMUNITY THOUGHT:

THE CAMPS ALAN WILLIAMS NEIGHBORLAND. COMMUNITY MANAGER

“THE LAKEFRONT CAN STILL BE A DESTINATION”

IN 2005, THERE WERE ONLY ABOUT 5 CAMPS LEFT. HOWEVER IN LATE AUGUST, THE HISTORIC AND DEVASTATING HURRICANE KATRINA WIPED OUT THE ENTIRETY OF WHAT WAS LEFT.

2005

TODAY THERE IS ONLY ONE FISHING CAMP LEFT STANDING. IT HAS BEEN REBUILT, BUT IS MOSTLY ABANDONED AND A VICTIM OF TRESPASSING AND MISUSE. THE NEIGHBORHOOD IS CURRENTLY MAKING AN ACTIVE EFFORT TO BRING BACK THEIR FORGOTTEN WAY OF LIFE.

TODAY

RENE FABRE

COMMUNITY MEMBER

“ALL THE NEW PEOPLE IN TOWN WHO THINK NEW ORLEANS IS JUST THE BYWATER AND UPTOWN HAVE NO IDEA HOW WE USED TO LIVE. THIS IS SAD AND PEOPLE NEED TO STAND UP AND RECUPERATE OUR HERITAGE”

SOURCES: OLDNEWORLEANS.COM | NEIGHBORLAND.COM | FREEPIK.COM | VECTEEZY.COM | IMAGES OF AMERICA: LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN

THE NETHERLANDS “ LIVING WITH NATURE”

GALVESTON BAY “ PLANNING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES”

NEW YORK CITY “ BIG U. SEAPORT CITY”

STATEN ISLAND EAST SHORE “ FOLDING THE COASTAL PLAIN”

RLA

E H T

NCE 1954

The Netherlands: living with nature This is a study of the different techniques used in the Netherlands. The flood control and stormwater management methodologies enforced in the Netherlands are regarded as the best in the world.

ABOUT A QUARTER OF THE NETHERLANDS SITS BELOW SEA LEVEL AND MORE THAN HALF OF THE COUNTRY IS PRONE TO FLOODING. FOR OVER THOUSANDS OF YEARS, THE DUTCH HAVE BEEN WORKING ALONGSIDE NATURE AND WITH THEIR LANDSCAPE TO SUCCESSFULLY HOLD THE SEA BACK. THE HISTORIC HOLLAND MILLS ARE NOT ONLY AN ICONIC SYMBOL OF THE COUNTRY, BUT A HISTORIC WAY OF PUMPING WATER OUT INTO THE OCEAN. THE IMAGE ABOVE SHOWS THE AGRICULTURAL LANDS THAT ARE POLDERS CREATED BY THE DUTCH AS A WAY TO INHABIT AND USE THE LAND TO THEIR ADVANTAGE. POLDERS ARE ow-lying land reclaimed from the sea or a river and protected by dikes.

BIO-MIMICRY: THE SAND ENGINE

THE DUTCH OFTEN LOOK TO NATURE FOR INSPIRATION. THEY HAVE REALIZED THAT IT IS BETTER TO WORK WITH NATURE RATHER THAN AGAINST. IN THIS MITIGATION, THE SAND ENGINE DUMPED 20 MILLION CUBIC YARD OF SAND ALONG THE COAST OF HOLLAND. THE OCEANS CURRENTS WILL NATURALLY SHAPE THE SAND CREATING A 12-MILE BUFFER TO PROTECT THE COASTLINE.

STORM SURGE BARRIER: MAESLANT BARRIER IN AN EVENT WHERE STORM SURGES SURPASS THEIR NATURAL PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS, THE DUTCH HAVE CREATED IMPRESSIVE HIGHLY ENGINEERED STORM BARRIERS AS ANOTHER LINE OF DEFENSE. THE MAESLANT BARRIER SITS BETWEEN THE NEW WATERWAY LOCATED AT HOEK VAN HOLLAND AND THE CITIES OF MAASSLUIS AND VLAARDINSEN. IT PROTECTS A COMMUNITY OF ONE MILLION AND THE PORT OF ROTTERDAM, EUROPE’S BUSIEST PORT AND THE SOURCE OF DUTCH’S ECONOMY. THE BARRIER CONTAINS TWO STEEL DOORS THAT CLOSE DURING AN EXTREME STORM EVENT.

“SMART DIKES”

THE NETHERLANDS CONTAINS NUMEROUS AMOUNTS OF NATURAL AND MAN-MADE DIKES. THE SMART DIKE, HOWEVER CONTAINS EMBEDDED SENSORS THAT WILL REPORT REAL-TIME INFORMATION TO THE WATER BOARD. THE CONDITION AND STATUSES OF THE DIKE ARE REVIEWED EARLY ENOUGH FOR REPAIRS OR TO ISSUE A SAFE AND ORGANIZED EVACUATION IF NEEDED. THIS SYSTEM OF MAINTENANCE IS OFTEN MISSING FROM THE LEVEES AND DIKES IN AMERICA, THUS THE FAILURES DURING HURRICANE KATRINA IN 2005.

GOVERNANCE: WATER BOARD

WATER BOARDS ARE LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODIES IN CHARGE OF MANAGING THE WATER IN THEIR AREA. THESE OFFICIALS ARE DEMOCRATICALLY ELECTED AND WORK IN CLOSE RELATIONS WITH PROVINCIAL AND NATIONAL GOVERNMENT. WITHOUT THE WATER BOARD NONE OF THE WATER MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES IN THE NETHERLANDS WOULD BE EFFECTIVE.

THE FLOOD OF 1809 THAT KILLED 1,600 PEOPLE IN THE NETHERLANDS. SINCE THAT EVENT, THE DUTCH HAS CHANGED THEIR WAY OF THINKING AND CREATED THE BEST FLOOD CONTROL SYSTEM KNOWN TO MAN.

RELATIONSHIP TO PROPOSAL FOR OVER A THOUSAND YEARS, THE NETHERLANDS HAS BEEN THE PRIME EXAMPLE TO LEARN AND LOOK UP TO WHEN IT COMES TO FLOOD CONTROL. THE SYSTEMS THEY HAVE IN PLACE HAVE BEEN METICULOUSLY THOUGHT OUT AND CALCULATED FOR THE WORST CASE SCENARIO. THIS SYSTEM WORKS WITH THE LANDSCAPE, BY INTEGRATING THE ENVIRONMENT IN A ECO-DYNAMIC WAY. THEIR FORM OF GOVERNMENT AND MAINTENANCE IS ALSO SOMETHING TO LOOK AT. IT IS APPARENT THAT WATER IS AN IMPORTANT FEATURE AND CONSTRAINT IN THE COUNTRY AND IT IS REGARDED AS THE TOP PRIORITY. I WANT TO LEARN FROM THE DUTCHâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S APPROACH AND IMPLEMENT SIMILAR CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES IN MY OWN PROJECT. SOURCES: WATERANDTHEDUTCH.COM | YALE.EDU | NYTIMES

TE XAS

G A LV ES

NCE 1915

PLANNING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES FOR GALVESTON BAY THIS PROJECT AIMS TO RECONNECT VALUED LANDSCAPES WHILE PROVIDING STORM PROTECTION, ECONOMIC STIMULUS, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS AND SUSTAINABLE COASTAL COMMUNITIES.

GALVESTON BAY IS LOCATED ALONG THE UPPER COAST OF TEXAS. IT IS CONNECTED TO THE GULF OF MEXICO AND THE 7TH LARGEST ESTUARY IN THE UNITED STATES. THE PROJECT AREA EXTENDS FROM FREEPORT, TX TO HIGH ISLAND TX. AS AN AREA COMMONLY AFFECTED BY FREQUENT HAZARDOUS STORMS, NO PROACTIVE PLANNING TO PREVENT COASTAL DETRIMENTS HAVE BEEN TAKEN.

To address the problems of flooding, historically, the mitigation of coastal storms involved the construction of single-purposed engineered walls that often times failed. These walls have time and time again provided a false sense of security for those living along the coast, but above all, they are an intrusion to the cultural landscape of the Gulf. This project introduces intensive structural solutions such as levees, walls, barriers and gates to block flood waters integrated with non-structural means such as regulating and restoring existing ecosystems to filter the inundation, to protect the natural processes of Galveston Bay. Through park programming and site research, the project extents show promising opportunities for everyone, including the chance to develop recreational parks. This is a great way to promote environmental awareness and to teach others about at-risk coastal areas, as well as offer an engine for economic growth.

The projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s team included local hydrologists, ecologists, geologists, architects and landscape architects that created inventories, site analysis, planning recommendations and design interventions. Together they came up with a revised storm plan and the idea of layered landscapes. These layered landscapes aim to protect the communities and their populations and re-establish threatened ecosystems.

RELATIONSHIP TO PROPOSAL Galveston Bay is vulnerable to hurricanes and suffers from its devastating consequences. As a similarity in location and underlying problem, my proposed project is of the New Orleans/ Gulf of Mexico region that experiences similar disasters and witnesses the same destruction of coastal communities, structural damages to the infrastructure and detrimental harm to the natural landscape. This project aims to provide a solution for those problems and to offer a framework plan to redevelop the coastline to promote community development. Although, this project is of a much larger scale than what I am proposing, it is great example of what can and canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be done along the coast. I am hoping to restore an area, by providing a protection against these natural disasters, but also create a unique community that exists in harmony with the landscape and natural processes of the world.

IMAGE SHOWS THE DEVASTATION CAUSED BY HURRICANE IKE IN TEXAS ON SEPTEMBER 13, 2008. IKE RACKED UP $25 BILLION IN DAMAGES AND KILLED AT LEAST 195 PEOPLE.

These design strategies are all in which my proposal wishes to utilize. By layering the landscapes it creates a distance from the threat, but also provides opportunities to make use of the in-betweens. Emergency facilities, evacuation routes, toxic waste rehabilitation as well as new mixed-used developments can be implemented in these areas. I specifically would like to investigate further in elevated architecture and coastal marshes.

SOURCES: ASLA AWARDS 2012 | SWA GROUP

YO R K C

NCE 1889

BIG U. SEAPORT CITY The goal of the project IS TO DESIGN A PROTECTIVE SYSTEM AGAINST STORMS AND FLOOD WATERS AROUND MANHATTAN WHILE IMPLEMENTING BENEFICIAL SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS IN THE COMMUNITY.

This project features a ten mile protection system for the coastal communities of Manhattan. The purpose of this proposal is to protect the city from future storm surges and flood waters, following the devastation that hurricane sandy has caused the city. The project coordinates with three different regions, each containing their own components of waterfront community space and flood protection methodologies.

BRIDGING BERM THE BERM IN THE LOWER EAST SIDE PROVIDES VERTICAL PROTECTION FROM FUTURE STORM SURGES AND RISING SEA LEVELS. IT ALSO DOUBLES AS A SCENIC AND ACCESSIBLE ROUTE INTO THE PARK. THERE ARE A NUMBER OF OPEN SPACES FOR PASSIVE RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES OVERLOOKING THE PARK AND RIVER.

PUBLIC ART AS PROTECTION

ON THE UNDERSIDE OF FDR DRIVE, DEPLOYABLE WALLS WILL BE FLIPPED DOWN DURING A FLOOD EVENT. WHEN THE WALLS ARENâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;T BEING USED FOR PROTECTIVE SERVICES, THE PANELS WILL HOUSE PUBLIC ART AND ACT AS A CEILING ABOVE THE EAST RIVER ESPLANADE.

C1. EAST RIVER PARK EAST RIVER PARK FEATURES A SERIES OF OPEN GREEN SPACE THAT WILL BECOME EXTREMELY BENEFICIAL FOR THE SURROUNDING COMMUNITIES. THE TOPOGRAPHY OF THE LAND WILL FEATURE UNDULATING BERMS THAT DOUBLE AS PROTECTIVE WALLS AND AREAS FOR SPORTS FIELDS AND RECREATIONAL SPACE. THERE WILL ALSO BE WATERFRONT ACTIVITIES PROGRAMMED, SO THE SPACE CAN BE USED ALL YEAR ROUND.

THE BIG U TEAM HAS WORKED VERY CLOSELY WITH THE COMMUNITY, LISTENING TO THEIR THOUGHTS AND TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THEIR WANTS AND NEEDS.

RELATIONSHIP TO PROPOSAL This project deals with the same ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS THAT NEW ORLEANS AND LITTLE WOOD FACES. ALTHOUGH NEW YORK HAS ONLY EXPERIENCED A COUPLE HURRICANE AND FLOODING EVENTS, IT IS EVIDENT THAT PROTECTION IS NEEDED NOW MORE THAN EVER DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND RISING SEA LEVELS. THIS PROPOSAL FOCUSES ON A RESILIENT SYSTEM THAT INTEGRATES THE SURROUNDING COMMUNITY. I WOULD LIKE TO TAKE THAT SAME IDEA AND APPLY IT TO LITTLE WOODS. HOW CAN LITTLE WOODS PLAN FOR ITâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S RESILIENCY WHILE ENSURING FUTURE GROWTH? CAN PROTECTIVE MEASURES AND THE RESTORATION OF THE NATURAL WETLANDS BECOME A DESTINATION AND CREATE REVENUE FOR THE COMMUNITY? SOURCES: REBUILD BY DESIGN

W YORK

ATEN T S

N D.

A L S

NCE 1980

FOLDING THE COASTAL PLAIN: STATEN ISLAND EAST SHORE The goal of the project is to provide a comprehensive stormwater management plan that reduces local flooding, and addresses the rising sea levels.

Following hurricane sandy, new York cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s government started a buy-out program for the coastal neighborhoods of Staten islandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s east shore. These properties will be maintained as open space or transformed into buffer zones and parks to be used as a protective system against extreme weather events.

Proposed bmp sites The project proposes an amended drainage plan with the installation of different bmps (best management practices). the former streets of the corresponding neighborhoods will be transformed into outfalls collecting runoff and draining into the bmps. The types of proposed bmps are: extended detention wetlands, pocket wetlands, storm water basin retrofit and channel restoration. Extended detention wetlands are meant for stormwater detention, water quality and wetland enhancement. Pocket wetlands, stormwater basin and channel restoration will improve water circulation and stream corridor restoration.

Proposed wetlands An objective of this project is to use existing freshwater wetlands to improve stormwater management and the quality of the ecosystem while reducing floods and erosion. Some of the neighborhoods would be transformed into wetlands or open water fed by the bmps. All wetland areas are graded for permanent pools and extended detention that would periodically become inundated during a storm event. This would improve and diversify wetland habitats and provide a layer of protection.

These are a couple of conceptual renderings that have been shown to the community for a better understanding of the different types of protective strategies the project may or may not include. The series of diagrams are taking advantage of topography and grading to store water or keep the surges out.

The residents of the area are actively participating in the city meetings. This image shows suggestions that the residents had for the proposed plan.

RELATIONSHIP TO PROPOSAL “ This project deals with the same ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS THAT New ORLEANS AND LITTLE WOOD FACES. ALTHOUGH NEW YORK HAS ONLY EXPERIENCED A COUPLE HURRICANE AND FLOODING EVENTS, IT IS EVIDENT THAT PROTECTION IS NEEDED NOW MORE THAN EVER DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND RISING SEA LEVELS.” THIS PROPOSAL FOCUSES removing residential communities and transforming them into wetlands. The purpose of this is to create a layered landscape and protect the rest of Staten island from experiencing the same tragedies that hurricane sandy brought. The concept of a buy-out program is something that i would like to propose for little woods. The community of east shore Staten island understand the benefits of sacrificing their communities for a protection system that doubles as community open space, something that enhances any area. Little woods is a prime location for implementing protective strategies and green infrastructure. The sacrifice of an already failing neighborhood for the benefit of the greater new Orleans area and for future generations is worth the tear down.

SOURCES: REBUILD BY DESIGN| SILIVE.COM

GOAL 1: REALIZE AND REINVENT LITTLE WOODS HISTORIC CULTURAL LANDSCAPE - Design at least 10 fishing camps with removable piers that extend at a maximum of 60’ into Lake Pontchartrain within the 50’ riparian buffer along the wetlands. These are available for day time and overnight use. ~LI

TTLE WOODS~

- Design a Visitor Center within “The Camp” that consists of an information building, equipment rental station, a souvenir retail shop and 2 restaurants. - Designate an outdoor station within “The Camp” Visitor Center for the prepping and cleaning of fish and other catches.

- Provide an open plaza in the center of all the buildings to allow for large public gatherings - Provide 50 rooms of lodging accommodations within “The Camp” - All structures within “The Camp” will be influenced by historic fishing villages’ architecture -Program year round activities and events based on the seasonality of the wildlife. +Waterfront fishing: *Crab Season: warmer months (May-September) *Crawfish Season: (Nov-July) *Oyster Season: cooler months (Oct-Apr) *Shrimp Season: (Apr-Feb) +Water sports: All Year Round. Water temperature averages between 70’ F.

GOAL 2: PRESERVE AND RECONSTRUCT THE EXISTING POPULATION OF LITTLE WOODS - Designate at least 2 square miles (1,280 acres) for the relocation of the existing population of Little Woods - 50% of the neighborhood (640 acres) will be designated as mixed-used for housing and local businesses - Provide at least 320 acres of single family homes with 20 units per acre - Provide at least 320 acres of low income, affordable attached housing units with 30 units per acre

- Design pocket parks at a minimum of 1 acre, one in every square mile for passive recreational activities such as walking or running. - Design pocket parks at a minimum of 1 acre, one in every square mile for active recreational sports activities, such as soccer and basketball. - Provide easy and direct routes connecting the residents to the commercial centers and the pocket parks

GOAL 3: EXPLORE THE ROLE OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE IN FUTURE STORM SURGE MITIGATION - Designate more than 50% of the site as natural land, known as “The Safe” to allow for the exploration and design of alternative flood control methods - Install porous pavement on all streets, driveways, walk ways and parking throughout the Little Wood’s neighborhood and “The Camp” to reduce runoff - Define open recreational fields within “The Safe” and Little Wood’s neighborhood as graded depressions with a minimum of 16’ width at the base to retain water during a storm event - Define the open plaza within “The Camp” as graded depression with a minimum of 16’ width to retain water during a storm event. - Construct vegetated swales adjacent to buildings, roadways, sidewalks and parking lots within all areas of the site, that are 2’10’ wide and a minimum of 100’ in length to collect non-point source runoff - Create a minimum of 50’ riparian buffer on the edges of all canals, streams and wetlands to enhance storm water holding capacity - Design at least 5 miles of extended wetlands along the coast of Lake Pontchartrain to mediate storm surges. Every 2.7 miles of wetlands decrease surge height by a foot.

GOAL 4: RESTORE AND PROTECT THE NATIVE ECOSYSTEMS AND ECOLOGIES OF NEW ORLEANS’ COAST - Retrofit existing channels throughout the site to include plant materials as a means to slow down the movement of water - Restore the wetlands along the shoreline of Lake Pontchartrain using only native plants to improve the health of the land and water

- All trails within “The Safe” will be elevated 1’ from the landscape to minimize the loss of life and erosion - Direct all overflow runoff from the vegetated swales and graded depressions into a system that controls and treats the water before it is discharged into Lake Pontchartrain to improve overall water quality

GOAL 5: INCREASE NEW ORLEANS’ ACCESSIBILITY TO THE LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN FRONT - Relocate the current train tracks on top of the existing levee on Hayne Blvd. to give way for new green infrastructure - Create “breaks” in the levee and floodwall on Hayne Blvd. in Little Woods to allow direct access towards Lake Pontchartrain - Construct pathways and stairs going over the levee every half mile. - Provide at least 2 multi-use accessible routes to the water front from the Little Woods neighborhood to increase connectivity - Provide at least 1 direct vehicular route from the I-10 to “The Camp” and Lake Pontchartrain, to improve accessibility - Create one multi-use trail system that connects the Little Wood’s neighborhood, “The Camp” and “The Safe” to each other and the water to achieve continuous connectivity. - Provide at least 100 stalls of parking at the beginning of Hayne Blvd. in Little Woods to accommodate year round visitors.

GOAL 6: PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY OUTREACH - Design a research and observation building, known as “The Lab”, that works in conjunction with the university system and community for the exploration and study of green infrastructure - Provide an outdoor education stage within “The Camp” Visitor Center for children and adults to learn about proper equipment handling and to practice casting. - Design guided tours along the trail system through “The Safe”, touching upon different types of green infrastructure and the research being done by “The Lab” - Provide multiple signs throughout the trail system through “The Safe” illustrating how each infrastructure works

GOAL 7: GENERATE A PROPOSAL THAT IS BOTH ECOLOGICALLY AND ECONOMICALLY PROFITABLE - Establish an entrance fee into “The Camps” and “The Safe”, to generate revenue for the park and the community - Charge for fishing camp rentals and lodging accommodations per night stay, to generate revenue for the park - All fishers must purchase a fishing permit to abide by state law.

+ Equipment rental is free, but subject to fines in case of mistreat and breakages.

- Establish a plan for year round maintenance of flood control systems and fishing camps to promote the creation of jobs that will benefit the economy and the community - Create five different development phases to ensure the continuity of design as time and money becomes available + Stage One: Develop the new Little Woods neighborhood and begin the relocation process + Stage Two: “The Safe”- Deconstruct the existing neighborhood, remediate the land and begin to naturalize the area. At the same time, the foundation of different flood control measures should begin to materialize. + Stage Three: “The Lab” + Stage Four: “The Camp” + Stage Five: Develop all roads, trails, access points and parking lots to allow for visitors.

THE SAFE: THE LAB LEVEES | FLOODWALLS OPEN SPACE VEGETATED SWALES RIPARIAN BUFFER CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS TRAIL SYSTEM

LITTLE WOODS: NEIGHBORHOOD MIXED-USED -RESIDENTIAL HOUSING -COMMERCIAL SPACE: GROCERY STORES | RESTARUANTS | CLOTHING | LAUNDRY | LOCAL BUSINESSES AND BOUTIQUES -OUTDOOR PUBLIC SPACES SINGLE FAMILY HOMES AFFORDABLE ATTACHED HOUSING UNITS POCKET PARKS -OPEN FIELDS : ACTIVE RECREATIONAL USES -PASSIVE USE CIRCULATION -VEHICULAR -PEDESTRIAN -MULTI-USE TRAIL TO: THE CAMP | THE SAFE

FISHING CAMPS VISITOR CENTER INFORMATION BUILDING EQUIPMENT RENTAL STATION SOUVENEIR RETAIL SHOPS RESTAURANTS BATHROOM PREP AND CLEANING STATION EDUCATION STAGE OPEN PLAZA THE LODGE PARKING VEGETATED SWALES POROUS PAVEMENT TRAIL SYSTEM

“THE CAMP ”DESIGN ELEMENTS VS. SITE INVENTORY

LEVEE INFRASTRUCTURE

HYDROLOGY

TOPOGRAPHY

SOIL

WILDLIFE

VEGETATION

CIRCULATION

ZONING

CLIMATE

CONTEXT

MATRICES

IT IS IMPORTANT THAT “THE CAMP” IS LOCATED NEAR THE LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN FRONT. THE ACTUAL FISHING CAMPS WILL BE LOCATED WITHIN THE CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS AND THE PIERS WILL JUT OUT INTO THE LAKE. THE VISITOR CENTER AND ALL THE OTHER AMENITIES NEED TO BE CENTRALIZED AROUND AN OPEN PLAZA AND LOCATED IN THE SAME AREA. NONE OF THE EXISTING SITE INVENTORY SHOULD EFFECT THE PLACEMENT OF THE VISITOR CENTER AND ASSOCIATED AMENITIES.

SIGNIFICANT

PARTIALLY SIGNIFICANT

PARTIAL AVOIDANCE

NEUTRAL

COMPLETE AVOIDANCE

CONTEXT CLIMATE ZONING CIRCULATION VEGETATION WILDLIFE SOIL TOPOGRAPHY HYDROLOGY LEVEE INFRASTRUCTURE THE LAB OPEN SPACE EARTH BERMS | LEVEES FLOOD GATES DETENTION PONDS VEGETATED SWALES RIPARIAN BUFFER CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS TRAIL SYSTEM SIGNAGE

“THE SAFE” DESIGN ELEMENTS VS. SITE INVENTORY

IT IS IMPORTANT THAT “THE SAFE” AND “THE LAB” IS LOCATED WITHIN A NATURAL LANDSCAPE. EXISTING SITE VEGETATION, WILDLIFE, HYDROLOGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE IS IMPORTANT.

SIGNIFICANT

PARTIALLY SIGNIFICANT

PARTIAL AVOIDANCE

NEUTRAL

COMPLETE AVOIDANCE

LEVEE INFRASTRUCTURE

HYDROLOGY

TOPOGRAPHY

SOIL

WILDLIFE

VEGETATION

CIRCULATION

ZONING

CLIMATE

CONTEXT MIXED-USED OUTDOOR PUBLIC SPACES SINGLE FAMILY HOMES AFFORDABLE HOUSING UNITS POCKET PARKS VEHICULAR PEDESTRIAN MULTI-USE TRAIL

THE MOST IMPORTANT PART IS THE RELOCATION OF THE EXISTING POPULATION OF LITTLE WOODS. USING SITE CONTEXT AND CIRCULATION TO FIND AN IDEAL PLACE FOR THE NEW NEIGHBORHOOD IS KEY.

LITTLE WOODS: NEIGHBORHOOD DESIGN ELEMENTS VS. SITE INVENTORY SIGNIFICANT

PARTIALLY SIGNIFICANT

PARTIAL AVOIDANCE

NEUTRAL

COMPLETE AVOIDANCE

THE LAB OPEN SPACE EARTH BERMS | LEVEES FLOOD GATES DETENTION PONDS VEGETATED SWALES RIPARIAN BUFFER CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS TRAIL SYSTEM SIGNAGE FISHING CAMPS VISITOR CENTER INFORMATION BUILDING EQUIPMENT RENTAL STATION SOUVENEIR RETAIL SHOPS RESTAURANTS BATHROOM PREP AND CLEANING STATION EDUCATION STAGE OPEN PLAZA

PEDESTRIAN

POCKET PARKS VEHICULAR

OUTDOOR PUBLIC SPACES SINGLE FAMILY HOMES AFFORDABLE HOUSING UNITS

PARKING POROUS PAVEMENT MIXED-USED

EDUCATION STAGE OPEN PLAZA THE LODGE

BATHROOM PREP AND CLEANING STATION

EQUIPMENT RENTAL STATION SOUVENEIR RETAIL SHOPS RESTAURANTS

FISHING CAMPS VISITOR CENTER INFORMATION BUILDING

DETENTION PONDS VEGETATED SWALES RIPARIAN BUFFER CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS TRAIL SYSTEM SIGNAGE

THE LAB OPEN SPACE EARTH BERMS | LEVEES FLOOD GATES

DESIGN ELEMENTS VS. DESIGN ELEMENTS

THERE ARE ESSENTIALLY THREE DIFFERENT COMPONENTS TO THE PROPOSAL: THE CAMP, THE SAFE AND THE NEIGHBORHOOD. THE CAMP AND THE SAFE ARE GOING TO BE DIRECTLY NEXT TO EACH OTHER AND THE MOST IMPORTANT ELEMENTS TO CONSIDER ARE THE GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE RELATIVE TO THE FISHING CAMPS. THE NEIGHBORHOOD WILL NOT BE INTEGRATED WITHIN THE PARK, BUT CIRCULATION TO AND FROM IS IMPORTANT.

THE LODGE PARKING POROUS PAVEMENT MIXED-USED

SIGNIFICANT

OUTDOOR PUBLIC SPACES SINGLE FAMILY HOMES AFFORDABLE HOUSING UNITS

NEUTRAL

POCKET PARKS VEHICULAR PEDESTRIAN

PARTIALLY SIGNIFICANT

PARTIAL AVOIDANCE COMPLETE AVOIDANCE

RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAMS

MASTER PLAN RE-ESTABLISHED WETLANDS

MIXED BOTTOMLAND FOREST.

MARINA

THE camp

THE SAFE

Castaway camps | private piers

Observation trailhead

THE DEPRESSED MOUNDS

PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE Little woods trail head SIX HIGH PARKWAY Morrison stream multi-use trailhead

LITTLE HEIGHTS NEIGHBORHOOD

Short leaf. Pine. Oak. Hickory forest. MID-DENSITY ATTACHED TOWNHOMES

COMMUNITY CENTER BOUTIQUE ROW

DOLORES T. ELEM.

THE CAMP: ENLARGEMENT PLAN

PUBLIC FISHING PIERS

THE LAB

GROUND FISHING CAMPS RESEARCH CAMPUS SCALE Nâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; WASH STATION

OUTDOOR SEATING AREA

I-10 HWY TRAIN TRACKS VISITOR CENTER

BA.

RESTAURANT LODGE

FISHING CAMP FLOOR PLANS EQUIPMENT RENTAL EDUCATION. DEMONSTRATION PLAZA GROUND:

FULL KITCHEN. LIVING SPACE. 2 BD. 1 BA

CASTAWAY:

ENLARGED KITCHEN. LIVING SPACE. 2 BD. 1.5 BA

the safe. the lab.

With every tragedy there is a lesson to be learned and an opportunity to do something differently. The problem with New Orleans is beyond a singular profession; it requires a number of expertise on different fronts. It is a problem with multiple solutions that deserves a chance to be discovered, explored and implemented. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The labâ&#x20AC;? is a research campus that may work in conjunction with the university system within new Orleans, and serve as an extension where courses can be held. By promoting education and providing opportunities for exploration, there is hope that new Orleans can live with its natural environment.

The lab: enlargement plan

Drainage observation circle Outdoor classroom | presentation space

Scale 1” = 20’ - 0” 0’

10’

20’

40’

60’

LITTLE HEIGHTS COMMUNITY GARDEN COMMUNITY GARDEN PERSPECTIVE SEE PLANTING PLAN.

UTILITARIAN FARMHOUSE COMMUNITY GARDEN UTILITARIAN GARDEN LOCATED AT THE TOP OF LITTLE HEIGHTS WITHIN THE COMMUNITY CENTER. THE PLANTING PALETTE TAKES INSPIRATION FROM THE HISTORIC FARMHOUSE USING ICONIC AND NATIVE SPECIES AS WELL AS VEGETABLES AND INGREDIENTS OFTEN FOUND IN CAJUN COOKING. THIS WILL ALLOW FOR RESIDENTS TO HAVE ACCESS TO FRESH PRODUCE AND AN EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY FOR THE BORDERING SCHOOL.

BANANA SHRUB

FORSYTHIA

KUMQUAT MUSCADINE GRAPE EGGPLANT CHILI PEPPERS OKRA BUNCHING ONION CELERY TOMATO

NORTHWIND SWITCH GRASS

PLUM

FORTNIGHT LILY

ASIAN JASMINE LITTLE BLUESTEM

BLACK-EYED SUSAN

FLOWERING QUINCE SHAGBARK HICKORY

ILLUSTRATIVE PLANTING PLAN

CARPET BUGLE

FLOWERING DOGWOOD

BEEBALM RED MAPLE

0’

NORTH

Scale 1” = 20’ - 0”

10’

20’

40’

60’

ANNUALS/PERENNIALS ANNUALS/PERENNIALS CODE ANNUALS/PERENNIALS BOTANICAL NAME CODE / COMMON CODE BOTANICAL NAME BOTANICAL NAME / COMMON NAME / COMMON NAME NAME DI Dietes DI iridioidesDietes DI `Katrina` iridioides /Dietes Fortnight `Katrina` iridioides Lily / Fortnight `Katrina` Lily / Fortnight Lily DI Dietes iridioidesDI`Katrina`DI Dietes / Fortnight iridioides Dietes Lily `Katrina` iridioides/`Katrina` Fortnight/Lily Fortnight Lily GRASSES

planting schedule

GRASSES

CODE

BOTANICAL NAME / COMMON NAME BOTANICALCODE NAME / COMMON NAME

Acer rubrum / Red Maple Acer rubrumAR / Red Maple

CO Carya ovata / Shagbark Hickory Carya ovata / Shagbark Hickory

CONT REMARKS CONTVEGETABLESVEGETABLES QTY VEGETABLES CODEREMARKS BOTANICAL / COMMON NAME CODE NAME BOTANICAL CODE BOTANICAL NAME / COMMON NAME / NAME COMMON NAME VEGETABLES VEGETABLES CODE VEGETABLES BOTANICAL NAME CODE / COMMON CODE BOTANICAL NAME BOTANICAL NAME / COMMON NAME / COMMON NAME NAME AE Abelmoschus AE esculentus Abelmoschus AE `Cajun Abelmoschus esculentus Delight` /`Cajun esculentus OkraDelight` `Cajun / Okra Delight` / Okra 15 GAL 15 GAL AE 4 Abelmoschus esculentus AE `Cajun AE Abelmoschus Delight` Abelmoschus /esculentus Okra `Cajun esculentus Delight` `Cajun / Okra Delight` / Okra 2

B&B

AF Allium Onion AFfistulosaum Allium AF/ Bunching fistulosaum Allium /fistulosaum Bunching Onion / Bunching Onion B & B fistulosaum Allium AF / Bunching AF Allium Onion fistulosaum Allium fistulosaum / Bunching/Onion Bunching Onion

CONT CONT REMARKS CONT REMARKSCONT 5 GAL 5 GAL 5 GAL 5 GAL

REMARKS REMARKS REMARKS REMARKS

5 GAL

5 GAL 5 GAL

CONT

CONT CONT REMARKS CONT REMARKSCONT 4" 4" 4" 4"

4"106

5 GAL 5 GAL REMARKS REMARKS REMARKS REMARKS

4"91

4" 4"

4"37

4" 4"

4"116

4" 4"

4"90

4" 4"

Cage 4" for support. 4"

4"55

4" 4"

Cage 4" for support. 4"

CF / EasternCornus florida / Eastern Dogwood Cornus florida Dogwood

15 GAL

FC crassifolia / Sweet Kumquat Fortunella crassifolia / Fortunella Sweet Kumquat

5 GAL

CA Capsicum CA annuum Capsicum CA/ Chili Pepper annuum Capsicum / Chili annuum Pepper / Chili Pepper 5 GAL annuum Capsicum CA / Chili Pepper CA Capsicum annuum Capsicum / Chili annuum Pepper / Chili Pepper

PA Prunus americana / American Plum Prunus americana / American Plum

15 GAL

SL Solanum SL lycopersicum Solanum SL / Tomato lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum / Tomato / Tomato 15 GAL lycopersicum Solanum SL / Tomato SL Solanum lycopersicum Solanum lycopersicum / Tomato / Tomato

SB / Weeping Salix babylonica Salix babylonica Willow / Weeping Willow

B&B

SM Solanum SM melongena Solanum SM / Eggplant melongena Solanum /melongena Eggplant / Eggplant B & B melongena Solanum SM / Eggplant SM Solanum melongena Solanum melongena / Eggplant/ Eggplant

CONT

VR Vitis VR rotundifoliaVitis / Muscadine Grape VR rotundifolia Vitis rotundifolia / Muscadine/ Grape Muscadine Grape CONT REMARKS REMARKSVR/ Muscadine Vitis rotundifolia VR Vitis Grape rotundifolia Vitis rotundifolia / Muscadine / Muscadine Grape Grape

4"79

4" 4"

Plant in container 4" 4"and train to cage.

VR2

5 GAL VR2 Vitis VR2 rotundifoliaVitis `Southern Home` / Southern Home/ Muscadine 4"124 VR2 rotundifolia Vitis rotundifolia `Southern Home` `Southern Southern Home` Home /Grape Southern Muscadine Home Grape Muscadine Grape Vitis rotundifolia VR2 `SouthernVR2 Vitis Home` rotundifolia / Southern Vitis rotundifolia `Southern Home Muscadine Home` `Southern / Southern Grape Home` /Home Southern Muscadine Home Muscadine Grape 4" Grape

4" 4"

4" 4"and train to cage.

SHRUBS CODE

BOTANICAL NAME / COMMON NAME BOTANICALCODE NAME / COMMON NAME

CSspeciosa Chaenomeles speciosa / Flowering Quince Chaenomeles / Flowering Quince

intermedia / Border Forsythia Forsythia x FX intermedia Forsythia / Border xForsythia

MF/ BananaMichelia Michelia figo Shrub figo / Banana Shrub

5 GAL

5 GAL 5 GALGROUND COVERS 20 GROUND COVERS CODECOVERS BOTANICAL / COMMON NAME GROUND CODE BOTANICAL NAME / NAME COMMON NAME CODE NAME BOTANICAL NAME / COMMON GROUND COVERS GROUND CODE COVERS BOTANICAL / COMMON NAME GROUND COVERS NAME CODE CODE BOTANICAL BOTANICAL NAME / COMMON NAME / COMMON NAME NAME

GRASSES CODE

AR2

DI `Katrina` Dietes iridioidesLily `Katrina` / Fortnight Lily Dietes iridioides / Fortnight

CONT REMARKS

CONT 307

BOTANICAL NAME / COMMON NAME BOTANICALCODE NAME / COMMON NAME

CONT

PV Panicum `North Wind` / Northwind Switch Grass 90 Panicum virgatum `North Wind`virgatum / Northwind Switch Grass

5 GAL

SS scoparium Schizachyrium scoparium Schizachyrium / Little Bluestem Grass / Little Bluestem Grass

5 GAL

VEGETABLES CODE

5 GAL AR2 Ajuga reptans /Ajuga Carpet Bugle AR2 Ajuga reptans / Carpet Bugle AR2 reptans / Carpet Bugle Ajuga reptans /AR2 Carpet Bugle AR2 Ajuga reptans Ajuga / Carpet reptansBugle / Carpet Bugle

5 GAL

145

6" o.c. 6" o.c.

RG2

CONT REMARKS REMARKS RG2 Rudbeckia / Black-eyed RG2 RudbeckiaSusan grandiflora / Black-eyed Susan RG2 grandiflora Rudbeckia grandiflora / Black-eyed Susan RG2 / Black-eyed Rudbeckia grandiflora RG2 Rudbeckia Rudbeckia Susan grandifloragrandiflora / Black-eyed / Black-eyed Susan Susan 87 5 GAL

4" 6" o.c.

6" o.c. 4" 4" 6" o.c. 4"500 SF. 4"6" o.c.

6" o.c. 6" o.c.

TA Trachelospermum / Asian Jasmine/ asiaticum TAasiaticum Trachelospermum / Asian Jasmine TA Trachelospermum asiaticum Asian Jasmine 5 GAL Trachelospermum TA asiaticum TA Trachelospermum / Asian Jasmine Trachelospermum asiaticum /asiaticum Asian Jasmine / Asian Jasmine

4" 12" o.c.

12"4" o.c. 4" 12" o.c. 12" o.c. 4"1872 SF. 4"12" o.c. 12" o.c.

AF Allium Onion fistulosaum / Bunching Onion Allium fistulosaum / Bunching

AG dulceApium graveolens Apium graveolens / Wild Celery dulce / Wild Celery

CA / Chili Capsicum Capsicum annuum Pepper annuum / Chili Pepper Capsicum annuum Abelmoschus esculentus Solanum lycopersicum

Salix babylonica

SL Solanum lycopersicum /Solanum Tomato lycopersicum / Tomato

SM Solanum melongena / Eggplant Solanum melongena / Eggplant

VR / Muscadine Vitis rotundifolia Vitis rotundifolia Grape / Muscadine Grape

VR2

VR2 `Southern Vitis Home` rotundifolia `Southern Home` / Southern Home Muscadine Grape4" Vitis rotundifolia / Southern Home Muscadine Grape

Panicum virgatum ‘Northwind’

Monarda

CONT

SPACING SPACING CONT REMARKS

AR2/ CarpetAjuga Ajuga reptans Buglereptans / Carpet Bugle

6" o.c.

Monarda Scarlet` / Red Bee Balm Monarda x MX `Cambridge Scarlet` x/ `Cambridge Red Bee Balm

6" o.c.

Dietes4"iridioides ‘Katrina’ 6" o.c.

Sechium edule

Cornus ﬂorida

Rudbeckia grandiﬂora

AR2

TA asiaticum Trachelospermum asiaticum / Asian Jasmine Trachelospermum / Asian Jasmine

REMARKS

Vitis rotundifolia

6" o.c. 6" o.c.

6" o.c. 4" 4" 6" o.c. 4"596 SF. 4"6" o.c.

CONT REMARKS

Vitis rotundifolia RG2 Rudbeckia Susan ‘Scuppernong’ Prunus grandiflora spp.Susan / Black-eyed RG2 Fortunella Rudbeckia grandiflora / Black-eyed

6" o.c. 4" 4" 6" o.c. 4"4002 SF. 4"6" o.c.

4" 6" o.c.

GROUNDCODE COVERS BOTANICALCODE BOTANICAL NAME / COMMON NAME NAME / COMMON NAME

4" 6" o.c.

CONT

Solanum melongena

REMARKS 246

esculentus AbelmoschusAEesculentusAbelmoschus `Cajun Delight` / Okra`Cajun Delight` / Okra

Apium graveolens

CONT SPACING REMARKS CONT CONT SPACING SPACING REMARKS REMARKS SPACING CONT REMARKSCONT SPACING SPACING REMARKS REMARKS

MX Monarda Scarlet` / Red Bee Balm/ Red MX x `Cambridge Scarlet` / Red Bee Balm MX x `Cambridge Monarda x Monarda `Cambridge Scarlet` Bee Balm 4" Monarda x `Cambridge MX Scarlet` MX Monarda / Red xMonarda `Cambridge Bee Balm x `Cambridge Scarlet` / Red Scarlet` Bee /Balm Red Bee Balm

BOTANICAL NAME / COMMON NAME BOTANICALCODE NAME / COMMON NAME

Allium ﬁstulosum

CONT

544

Plant in container

12" o.c.

6" o.c. x intermedia Forsythia

12" o.c.

Chaenomeles speciosa

Ajuga reptans

Michelia ﬁgo

Schizachyrium scoparium

Trachelospermum asiaticum

Carya spp.

REMARKS

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

GROUND COVERS

CONT

5 GAL

REMARKS REMARKS

VEGETABLES

5 GAL

CONT

CONT REMARKSCONT 4" 4" 4" 4"

AG Apium / Wild Celery AGgraveolens Apium AGdulcegraveolens Apium dulce graveolens / Wilddulce Celery / Wild Celery 15 GALgraveolens Apium AG dulce /AG Apium Wild Celery graveolens Apium graveolens dulce / Wild dulce Celery / Wild Celery

BOTANICAL NAME / COMMON NAME ANNUALS/PERENNIALSANNUALS/PERENNIALS CODE BOTANICALCODE NAME / COMMON NAME

GRASSES

SS Schizachyrium SS scoparium Schizachyrium SS / Little Schizachyrium scoparium Bluestem/Grass scoparium Little Bluestem / Little Grass Bluestem Grass Schizachyrium scoparium SS /SS Schizachyrium Little Bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium Grass scoparium / Little Bluestem / LittleGrass Bluestem Grass

PRODUCED PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCED EDUCATIONAL BYPRODUCT AN AUTODESK PRODUCT EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCED PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK BY PRODUCED AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL BY AN EDUCATIONAL AUTODESK PRODUCT EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCT

SHRUBS

TREES

GRASSES GRASSES CODE BOTANICAL CODE NAME BOTANICAL CODE / COMMON BOTANICAL NAME NAME / COMMON NAME / NAME COMMON NAME GRASSES CODE GRASSES BOTANICAL NAME CODE / COMMON CODE BOTANICAL NAME BOTANICAL NAME / COMMON NAME / COMMON NAME NAME CONT PV Panicum PV virgatum Panicum PV`Northvirgatum Wind` Panicum / `North Northwind virgatum Wind` Switch `North / Northwind Grass Wind` /Switch Northwind GrassSwitch Grass PV Panicum virgatum PV `North Wind` PV Panicum / Northwind virgatum Panicum`North Switch virgatum Wind` Grass `North / Northwind Wind` / Northwind Switch Grass Switch Grass 5 GAL

PLANT SCHEDULE PLANT SCHEDULE TREES

CONT

camp birdseye

visitor cent

res

tro

DUKW WETLAND TOUR. FAN BOAT RENTALS

MULTI-USED STREAM FRONT TRAIL

MORRISON CANAL- NATURALIZED

SECTION PERSPECTIVES LITTLE HEIGHTS I-10 SERVICE RD.

TRAIN TRACKS

ACCESSIBLE GREENWAY BEHIND TOWNHOMES

SIX HIGH PARKWAY

30’ RETAINING WALL

ACCESSIBLE GREENWAY: AGRICULTURAL OPPORTUNITIES

TWO WAY VEHICULAR RD.

PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE 100’ RIPARIAN BUFFER | SHORT PINE.OAK MORRISON CANAL- NATURALIZED

Design process

MULTI-USE TRAIL FISHING PIER | BOARDWALK

COMMON GREEN | GATHERING | PLAY SPACE

FISHING PIER | BOARDWALK

GROUND: FISHING CAMP AREA

FISHING PIER | BOARDWALK

re-established wetlands

SOURCES images: Campanella, Catherine. Lake Pontchartrain. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub., 2007. Print. |tumblr.com |google maps