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GLACIERS by Patricia L. Cook

Glaciers form when fallen snow doesn’t melt but compresses over years of buildup into large, sometimes gigantic, thick snow masses. As the snow sits in one place it transforms into ice. • Ice masses that form glaciers are able to move like very slow rivers. There are smaller ones about the size of football fields but many grow to be over 62 miles long (100 km). Glaciers are found on most continents of the world, even Africa. The majority are found in Antarctica and Greenland. • The formation of glaciers depends on climatic and geographic conditions. Most occur above the “snow line,” in mountainous areas or at the polar regions. The snow line is an altitude at which more snow accumulates in the winter than will melt in the summer. While the snow line in Antarctica is at sea level, in Africa it is above 16,732 feet (5100 m), Washington State’s snow line occurs at around 5500 feet (1600 m). Because of a lack of snowfall, Siberia is an extremely cold area that has no glaciers. • Canada has the most glaciers in North America, covering over 77 square miles (200,000 km²). Glaciers cover 29 square miles (75000 km²) in the United States, including Alaska; and only 4.25 square miles (11 km²) in Mexico. (Continues Next Page)

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“In Meat We Trust: An Unexpected History of Carnivore America” by Maureen Ogle (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, $28) Reviewed by Larry Cox

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The battle surrounding meat and livestock production ranks among the longest-waged and hardest-fought in American history. It is a debate that dates back even to the Colonial era. For her new book, Iowabased author and historian Maureen Ogle sifted through more than 200 years of government documents, agriculture trade magazines, newspapers and personal accounts to serve up an unbiased look at how the American meat industry was shaped, by whom and to what end. Ogle believes that meat and its consumption help define us as Americans, and she began her research guided by two main goals: to educate herself about livestock production and meat processing, two of this country’s biggest industries, and to pass along what she learned so that we would better understand how meat gets to our plates. Her research provided some surprising and, yes, shock-

ing facts. One of her more startling findings concerned manure lagoons. As a way of cutting production costs, livestock producers began constructing and maintaining what amounts to open sewage tanks. Even though these lagoons have become rather common, few people -- including farmers, public health officials and even engineers -- understand the long-term consequences of these storage areas, especially when catastrophic flooding occurs. “In Meat We Trust” overturns many of our widely held assumptions about meat and meat production in America. For example, chicken, so popular today, was rare in urban American kitchens until the mid-20th century. And confinement livestock systems were born on the family farm; corporate producers did not adopt the practice until the 1970s. “In Meat We Trust” addresses many of the big questions concerning our carnivorous future. As Ogle writes, “We won’t transform our meat culture by taming Big Food or replacing Big Ag with a locavorecentered, alternative food system, but by examining our sense of ‘meat entitlement’ and the way it contributes to the high cost of cheap living.” (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.

GLACIERS (continued): • Approximately 10% of the land area on earth is covered in glacial ice. That is over 5.8 million square miles (15 million km²)! • About 75% of the world’s freshwater is stored in glaciers. The ice of Antarctica is over 2.6 miles (4.2 km) thick in some places. • According to the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) based in Boulder, Colorado, there are eleven types of glaciers: ice sheets, ice shelves, ice caps, ice streams/outlet glaciers, icefields, mountain glaciers, valley glaciers, piedmont glaciers, cirque glaciers, hanging glaciers and tidewater glaciers. • Ice sheets are masses of glacial land ice that extend more than 20,000 square miles (50,000 km²). There are two ice sheets on the earth today, covering most of Antarctica and Greenland. • More than 99% of the freshwater ice on earth is contained in the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets. The Antarctic Ice Sheet covers an area about the size of the United States and Mexico combined. The Greenland Ice Sheet, which covers most of Greenland, is three times the size of Texas. • When ice from the gigantic ice sheets oozes into the sea or ocean which is cold enough for the ice to remain frozen, ice shelves can form. Ice shelves float over water but are still connected to land. The ice shelves can grow as they gain ice from the ice sheets or shrink if icebergs “calve” off at the edges. (Calving is the term used when icebergs break off.) • There are some large ice shelves on the northern coast of Canada’s Ellesmere Island. However, most of the ice shelves on earth hug the coast of Antarctica. (Continues On Pg. 8) 1. Who had a hit with “Shadow Dancing”? 2. Which song was originally titled “Guess Who’s Making Whoopie (With Your Girlfriend)”? 3. Name the group that released the cover of “Little Darlin’” in 1957. 4. Which duo released “Leather and Lace” in 1981? 5. Name the song that contains this lyric: “I’m not superstitious about ya but I can’t take no chance. Answers You got me spinnin’, baby, you know I’m in a trance. in Back☺

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screened Jan. 17 at The Sundance Festival; “The Cobbler,” with Adam Sandler, Dustin Hoffman and Steve Buscemi, arriving in HOLLYWOOD Hill; the third and November; and is final installment of playing Sir Lance-- Robert Redford “The Hobbit: There lot in “Night at the won the New York and Back Again”; Museum 3,” with Film Critics Circle and two films for Ben Stiller, Robin Terrence Mallick: Award and is Os“King of Cups” with Williams and Ricky car bound for “All Christian Bale and Gervais. And evIs Lost,” in which eryone thought he Natalie Portman, he was the only was crazy to leave and the untitled actor on screen “Downton Abbey”! for the entire film. Mallick musical *** After that, why do drama with Ryan CBS will send off Gosling, Chrisyou suppose he “How I Met Your tian Bale, Natalie chose (at 77) to to rerun do a featured role Portman, Michael Mother” heaven March 31 Fassbender, in the upcoming with a special hour Rooney sequel “Captain Mara, Val America: The Kilmer and Winter Soldier” with Chris Evans, Benicio del Toro. Cate Scarlett Johanscurrently son, “Revenge” is filming star Emily Vancamp and Samuel Kenneth Branagh’s Jackson? It’ll be live action out in April. “Cinder*** ella.” Cate Blanchett, *** who won a best Dan Steactress nod from vens died the Critic Circle for Cate Blanchett Woody Allen’s film in the season three “Blue Jasmine,” ... “Friends has completed five closer of “Downton finale. With Better Lives,” films, starting with Abbey” and was which stars James the topic of the “The Monuments Van Der Beek (last Men” with George season four premiere, watched by seen in “Don’t Clooney and 10.2 million view- Trust The B---- In Matt Damon; the Apartment 23”), animated “How to ers, because he Brooklyn Decker Train Your Dragon wanted to move (wife of tennis pro on. He’s filmed 2,” with Gerard Andy Roddick in “The Guest,” Butler and Jonah

Heart Failure Is Quite Treatable DEAR DR. DONOHUE: I am 71 years old and have been diagnosed with chronic heart failure. In October of last year, I had triple bypass surgery, but now I’m in good health. Some things I have read about chronic heart failure are unnerving. Will you give me your take on what lies ahead for me? -S.T. ANSWER: Heart fail-

ure, chronic heart failure and congestive heart failure are the same condition. It’s one of the most common reasons why older people are hospitalized. The basic problem is that the heart has become so weak that it circulates blood poorly. Such poor circulation permits fluid to ooze out of blood vessels and “congest” tissues in the feet, ankles and lower legs. The lungs fill with fluid, which brings on heart failure’s cardinal feature -- gasping for breath on even slight exertion. Other signs of heart failure are breathlessness when lying in bed, heart enlargement, seen on X-rays, and the doctor’s discovery of lung sounds that indicate the lungs have fluid in them. Numerous conditions

real life) and Kevin Connelly (who will reprise his character Eric Murphy in the film version of “Entourage”) will follow it, hopefully to fill the void. ... NBC plans a midseason premiere of Jon Favreau’s “About a Boy,” with Minnie Driver and David Walton (of “Burlesque” and seven episodes of “New Girl”); and “Growing Up Fisher,” with Jenna Elfman (“Dharma & Greg”) and J.K. Simmons (so good on “The Closer” and in all those Farmers Insurance commercials). The show’s executive producer is Jason Bateman, who also will be the narrator. The pilot was directed by “Friends” star David Schwimmer. Bateman just completed “Horrible Bosses 2” with Jennifer Aniston, Jason Sudeikis, Charlie Day and Kevin Spacey, out in November. Wouldn’t it be funny if executive producer Jason Bateman turned out to be a “Horrible Boss” 2?

lead to heart failure. At the top of the list is coronary artery disease, the blockage of heart arteries that often brings on a heart attack. This must be why your heart failed. You did have surgery to correct blocked heart arteries, but they did their damage well before surgery took place. Heart valve problems, high blood pressure and atrial fibrillation are other causes of heart failure. Medicines usually can get the heart beating with greater vigor and can lessen or abolish most symptoms. Anything that affects heart function must be treated. High blood pressure, for example, has to be lowered. You might think that inactivity is best for your heart -- it isn’t. Your doctor will outline a program that keeps you active to the level that your heart can tolerate. Walking is one example, but more strenuous exercise is

“For pastry cooking, try grating frozen butter into the flour. It cuts in better and will stay cool longer. This helps when I’m making shortbread, as the flour and butter need to be combined. I don’t end up having to put it in the fridge to cool it back down.” -- C.S. in South Carolina Freshen stuffed animals by securing a few in a pillowcase and adding a fabric softener sheet. Put in the dryer on low heat for 20 minutes, then remove and brush out the fur, if necessary, while still warm. “Schedule important doctor’s checkups, like your annual physical and dental cleanings, in the same month each year so you will know when they are coming up. I use my birth month. My mom always has hers done in February.” -- E.D. in Massachusetts Here is an ingenious way to store markers: Collect enough toilet paper rolls to fill a shoebox standing

encouraged when your heart becomes stronger. You should be on a low-salt diet. You ought not to be discouraged about your outlook. The life span of people with congestive heart failure has increased by 15 percent in men and by 5 percent in women in just the past decade. The increment in women’s life span is smaller because women live longer, on average, than men. Readers can order the booklet on congestive heart failure by writing: Dr. Donohue -- No. 103W, Box 536475, Orlando, FL 32853-6475. Enclose a check or money order (no cash) for $4.75 U.S./$6 Canada with the recipient’s printed name and address. Please allow four weeks for delivery. *** DEAR DR. DONOHUE: My EKG report, sent to me, says “left axis deviation.” Is that a big deal? -- M.Y.

upright. Paint or decorate the outside of the shoebox with brightly colored paper or paints. Fill with the rolls. The markers stand upright in the toilet paper rolls and they are kept standing uniformly across the box. Much better than a messy bin, where you can’t see the colors that are on the bottom. When you’re finished pan-frying something, add a bit of water to the pan and put it back on the stillwarm burner while you eat. When you come back to clean up after dinner, the pan drippings will slide right off! If you’ve been decluttering as a part of your New Year’s resolutions, and you came across old pairs of eyeglasses, know that you can donate them to any Lion’s Club in your area. They redistribute the glasses to those who cannot afford them. You don’t have to know the prescription, and they take reading glasses too! Send your tips to Now Here’s a Tip, c/o King Features Weekly Service, P.O. Box 536475, Orlando, FL 328536475 or e-mail JoAnn at heresatip@yahoo.com. (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.

ANSWER: It means that that electric signal originating in the upper heart chamber and responsible for each heartbeat takes a different route to reach the lower heart chambers, the pumping chambers. In the absence of symptoms, it’s not a dangerous thing. You don’t have to dwell on it. I take it you have a doctor who ordered the EKG. That doctor will follow up to see if you have any hidden heart trouble. The condition is not an emergency situation. *** Dr. Donohue regrets that he is unable to answer individual letters, but he will incorporate them in his column whenever possible. Readers may write him or request an order form of available health newsletters at P.O. Box 536475, Orlando, FL 32853-6475.

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Vaseline Glass Q: I have three glass bowls from the 1950s. A dealer in my area has identified them as being pieces of Vaseline glass. What is Vaseline glass, and is it collectible? -- Emma, Conway, Ark. A: Vaseline glass is a transparent yellowish-green or greenish-yellow glass, so named because it is close to the color of Vaseline petroleum jelly. When first made, it was marked as canary glass. Early Vaseline glass gets its color from uranium oxide when added to lead glass. The result is a glass that will flash two colors in sunlight and fluoresce under ultraviolet light. Other yellow-green glass will not. Your second question is easier to answer. Yes, it is collectible, and prices depend on the piece and where it is being sold. *** Q: My dad was a carpenter and had quite a tool collection. I am in the process of liquidating his estate. and it has now come down to his tool room. Can you advise me? -- Billy, Rio Rancho, NM A: Steve Johnson is an appraiser, collector and a dealer of vintage tools. Check out his excellent website at www.tooltimer. com. His contact is c/o Union Hills Antique Tools, 4521 243rd Ave. NE, Redmond,

Q: Can you tell me what Christian Slater is up to now? I recently saw his amazing performance in the movie “He Was a Quiet Man,” and it made me realize I really miss seeing him. -- Veronica W., Hanover, Pa. A: You have only about a month to wait before you can see Christian again on a regular basis. On Tuesday, March 11, at 10 p.m. ET/PT, ABC will premiere a new series called “Mind Games,” which stars Christian and Steve Zahn. They play brothers Ross (Christian) and Clark Edwards (Steve), who are partners in Edwards and Associates, an unusual business based on the belief that people’s decisions are influenced by their environment in ways they’re not aware. By using the hard science of psychological manipulation, the brothers commit to solving their clients’ problems. With Clark’s expertise and Ross’s con-artist ways, the brothers use psychology and science to offer clients an alternative to their fates. *** Q: I don’t think I can wait

WA 98053; steve@finetools.com. When contacting anyone mentioned in this column, be patient. Most of the experts I reference receive dozens of inquiries each week, and not all can be answered immediately, or even in a timely fashion. *** Q: I have a walking stick with “Jimmy Carter/’76” on one side of the handle and “For President” on the reverse. My dad worked as a volunteer during Carter’s two presidential campaigns, and I assume that is when he acquired it. Any value? -- Steve, Galveston, Texas A: Your stick is valued in the $25 to $35 range, according to “Warman’s Political Collectibles” by Dr. Enoch L. Nappen, and published by Krause Books. *** Q: I have a rare piece of scrimshaw that has been in my family since the 1850s. I am not interested in selling it, but would like an expert opinion of how much it is worth. -- Paul, Norfolk, Va. A: I suggest you contact Newport Scrimhanders, 14 Bowen’s Wharf, Newport, RI 02840.

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Write to Larry Cox in care of King Features Weekly Service, P.O. Box 536475, Orlando, FL 32853-6475, or send e-mail to questionsforcox@aol.com. Due to the large volume of mail he receives, Mr. Cox is unable to personally answer all reader questions. Do not send any materials requiring return mail. (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.

much longer for season four of “Game of Thrones.” -- Carlos F., via email A: Just hold on a little longer. The highly anticipated premiere of the hit fantasy/drama series is set for April 6 at 9 p.m. ET/PT on HBO. The TV series, which is based on the books series by George R.R. Martin, shocked audiences at the end of last season with the infamous “Red Wedding,” and season four’s 10 episodes will prove to be just as exciting. It will be roughly based on the second half of “A Storm of Swords,” the third book in the “A Song of Ice and Fire” novels. According to showrunner David Benioff: “I think [season Christian four] is going to surpass season three. There are so many scenes we’ve been waiting for so long to do, and it just gets more and more fun to write for these characters. We’re very excited for it.” *** Q: Any news about “Devious Maids”? -- Pamela G., via email A: I have two exciting bits to tell you: First, season two will

premiere on Lifetime on April 20 at 10 p.m. ET/PT. Second, Mark Deklin (whom you all know I LOVED on “GCB”) has signed on as a regular cast member. As of this writing, I don’t know whom he’ll play or how he’ll impact the season, but I’ll let you know as soon as I can drag the information out of him. *** Q: I am a fan of “NCIS” and have wondered why Cote Pablo left the series. -- Judy D., via email A: Cote left for personal reasons, which she chooses not to expand on. On the possibility of returning, she told TV Guide Magazine: “The greatest thing about this last episode is that Ziva doesn’t die. As long as a character doesn’t die, the Slater character can always come back.” Cody recently signed on to costar in the film “The 33,” which is based on the events of the 2010 Chilean mine collapse. Write to Cindy at King Features Weekly Service, P.O. Box 536475, Orlando, FL 32853-6475; or e-mail her at letters@cindyelavsky.com. (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.

ARIES (March 21 to April 19) Seeing the silly side of some really ridiculous situations helps give the Lamb a new perspective on how to handle them. Some important contacts can be made this weekend. TAURUS (April 20 to May 20) Try to complete your outstanding tasks by midweek. This leaves you free to take advantage of new possibilities -both professional and personal -- opening up by week’s end. GEMINI (May 21 to June 20) With both your creative side and your energy levels rising this week, you should be able to tackle that too-longneglected project again. A family member might have important news. CANCER (June 21 to July 22) An explanation you requested seems to be more confusing than enlightening. You should insist on clarifications now, rather than deal with problems that might arise later. LEO (July 23 to August 22) Your energy levels might be ebbing a bit. But that’s no excuse for taking catnaps when you could be working on those unfinished tasks. There’ll be time to curl up and relax by week’s end. VIRGO (August 23 to September 22) It’s a good time to get those ideas out of your head and into a readable format if you hope to have them turned into something doable. A good friend is ready with worthwhile advice. LIBRA (September 23 to October 22) Careful -- you might be stepping into dangerous territory if you decide

to “exaggerate” the facts too much. Remember: The truth speaks for itself and needs no embellishment. SCORPIO (October 23 to November 21) Although your workplace successes have earned you many admirers, there are some colleagues who are not among them. Be careful how you proceed with your new project. SAGITTARIUS (November 22 to December 21) You might have to go into great detail to explain why you’re currently reluctant to make changes to an already prepared plan. Be sure you have all the facts to back yourself up. CAPRICORN (December 22 to January 19) Travel plans might still be uncertain. But instead of getting upset about the delay, open yourself up to other possibilities, and begin checking out some alternative destinations. AQUARIUS (January 20 to February 18) Changing conditions might require you to alter some of your plans. While you might be agreeable to this, be prepared with explanations for those who do not want changes made. PISCES (February 19 to March 20) Although you might have to deal with some detractors who aren’t too kind in their critiques, you gain points when you’re willing to stand up and defend your work. BORN THIS WEEK: You have a gift for creating a warm and loving environment between yourself and others.

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VA Appeals Pile Up What makes the news is how quickly the Department of Veterans is paring down (or not paring down) its pile of disability claims, and those past the 125-day mark. We’ve heard about the mandatory overtime for VA claims personnel, and VA chief Eric Shinseki’s often-repeated desire to get those claims under control by 2015. All well and good. But there’s one part of the process we don’t

hear much about: the backlog of appeals. Those numbers are growing at an astronomical rate, and it’s believed they will double over the next four years. At this point, the number stands at more than a quarter-million appeals. Allsup, the group that provides compliance and appeal services to those on VA and Social Security disability, ran the numbers. Appeals claims have shot up 78 percent since 2008. The top three cities for backlog of appeals claims are St.

Medicare Expands Hospital Ratings Since 2009, Medicare has been tracking the best and worst hospitals for knee-andhip replacement surgeries. Both are generally considered to be elective surgeries. It has identified 95 hospitals where patients are likely to have problems afterward, and 97 hospitals where patients are likely to have a good recovery. While Medicare has been long tracked other markers -- such as death rates, heart attacks and patient ratings

Petersburg, Fla. (22,581), Houston (16,725) and Atlanta (14,334). Taking it by state, the top three are Texas (30,993), Florida (22,581) and California (17,134). Your best bet: Do your part, when you file a claim, make it complete the first time out. Don’t make processors ask for anything that you haven’t provided. Be sure to submit what they call a Fully Developed Claim, one that certifies you have no further evidence. Veteran Service Organizations have sent members out to be trained in working with the FDCs. Make use of their services to ensure that your claim is

of hospitals -- this is the first time it’s followed knee and hip surgeries. Of the 95 hospitals with problems, there were nine that also had high complication and readmission rates. On the flip side, of the 97 hospitals with good patient recovery, 25 ranked as being “better” in both complications and readmissions. This new information has been added to the Hospital Compare site at medicare. gov, a welcome addition for patients who need to choose a hospital. Hospital Compare recently added ratings for hospitals with two types of infections, so clearly the site is continuing to grow. These ratings are going to matter to hospitals as well -- if found to have less than stellar rankings, Medicare pays the hospitals less. Later in 2014, the hip-and-knee replacement surgeries also will

as solid as possible. Open your claim online at eBenefits.va.gov (the VSO can help if you don’t have a computer). If you have an existing claim, and if they ask for more information, get it to them quickly. Do everything you can to see that the VA has no excuse to shove your claim off to the appeals pile, where you could have a very long wait. Freddy Groves regrets that he cannot personally answer reader questions, but will incorporate them into his column whenever possible. Send email to columnreply2@ gmail.com. (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.

be counted when it comes to possible penalties. If you’re in line for hip- or kneereplacement surgery, you’ll not only want to pick your hospital, you’ll want pre-surgery advice. Most hospitals will refer you to a class on what to expect. Setting up your home environment, arranging for help, having a low bed ready, stocking up on food, moving things so you don’t have to reach high or bend low -- all of these, and more, can make for a faster recovery. Online, a good place to start is the “Knee Surgery Success” on Spryliving.com. Matilda Charles regrets that she cannot personally answer reader questions, but will incorporate them into her column whenever possible. Send email to columnreply2@ gmail.com. (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.

On Feb. 3, 1959, rock stars Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and J.P. “The Big Bopper” Richardson are killed when their chartered plane crashes in Iowa a few minutes after takeoff. Holly and his band, the Crickets, had just scored a No. 1 hit with “That’ll Be the Day.” On Feb. 4, 1789, George Washington, the commander of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War, is unanimously elected the first president of the United States. John Adams of Massachusetts was elected vice president. On Feb. 5, 1934, Henry Louis Aaron Jr., the baseball slugger who broke Babe Ruth’s legendary record of 714 homers, is born in Mobile, Ala. Aaron began his professional baseball career in 1952 in the Negro League and joined the Milwaukee Braves of the major leagues in 1954. On Feb. 6, 1820, the first organized immigration of freed slaves to Africa from the United States departs New York harbor on a journey to Freetown, Sierra Leone, in West Africa. The expedition was partially funded by the U.S. Con-

gress, which had appropriated $100,000 for the trip. On Feb. 7, 1964, Pan Am Yankee Clipper flight 101 from London Heathrow lands at New York’s Kennedy Airport -- and “Beatlemania” arrives. It was the first visit to the United States by the Beatles. The British rock-androll quartet had just scored its first No. 1 U.S. hit with “I Want to Hold Your Hand.” On Feb. 8, 1985, Sir William Lyons, founder of the British luxury automaker Jaguar, dies at the age of 84 in Warwickshire, England. Initially named SS Cars Ltd., the company changed its name to Jaguar Cars Ltd to avoid any association with the Schutzstaffel, the Nazi paramilitary group also referred to by the initials “SS.” On Feb. 9, 1992, after stunning the world three months earlier with the news he had contracted the HIV virus and was immediately retiring from the game, basketball great Magic Johnson returns to play in the 42nd NBA All-Star game in Orlando, Fla. The crowd greeted him with a standing ovation. (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.

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1. Is the book of 2 Timothy in the Old or New Testament or neither? 2. Koinonia is a Greek word found 20 times in the Bible, and primarily means ... ? Revenge, Forgiveness, Fellowship, Crucifixion 3. From historical records, who beheaded the Apostle Paul in Rome A.D. 67 (C.E.)? Claudius, Nero, Augustus, Vitellius 4. The concept of the “what”-fold ministry comes from Ephesians 4:11? Two, Three, Five, Seven 5. From Psalm 14:1 who/what says in his/its heart, “There is no God”? Pagan, Fool, Insane, Serpent 6. What is the youngest book in the New Testament? Acts, Philemon, Hebrews, Revelation

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HOW TO EAT HEALTHY FOR LESS MONEY; BALANCING GUT HEALTH FOR BETTER HEALTH BY MICHAEL ROIZEN, M.D., AND MEHMET OZ, M.D. Q: Our family is on a tight budget, and while I would like to serve the healthiest food, it always seems too expensive to get fresh veggies and fruit. -- Nancy S., Tampa, Fla. A: As the old saying goes, “You can pay me now” (when the cost of preventive measure against future problems is minimal) “or you can pay me later” (when the cost associated with health problems is much higher). But as you’ll see, if you’re on a tight budget, you don’t have to spend more now to eat healthfully, and you’ll save money later on health-care expenses! We know a recent Harvard study received a lot of attention when it declared the daily price tag on healthy meals was $1.50 more per day than an average, unhealthy diet loaded with processed foods. But here’s how to save money today on healthy foods -and tomorrow on healthcare bills: Make creative shopping lists. Start with a great roadmap on how to eat more healthfully. Go to www.doctoroz.com and search for “Mediterranean diet shopping list.” It will help you build your new healthy, economical menu. Buy in bulk, and do the math. At big-box stores, look for bulk canned goods such as tomatoes, which you can use year-round to make sauces, soups and stews. And go for bulk buys on frozen fruit and veggies; they’re loaded with nutrition. Get creative, and use them in new ways: Spinach, for example, can go into eggs, stir-fries, soups, veggie lasagna, on wholewheat pasta with olive oil and garlic and in a healthy dip with low-fat, no-sugaradded yogurt! Make sauces from scratch, and freeze the extra. Sauces for pasta, gravies (thicken them with pureed, cooked veggies, not flour) and even salad dressings (so much better made with olive oil bought in the largest tin) can be prepared in large quantities at huge savings -- and you’re eliminating preser-

vatives, food colorings, trans fats, sugars and who knows what else from your plate! Q: Is there a probiotic that I can take to help me lose weight and get other health benefits too? -Katie J., Pierre, S.D. A: We wish there was a simple “take this, get that result” answer! But we do know that gut bacteria influence weight and many other aspects of your health. Probiotics, health-promoting bacteria that populate your gut, help protect your immune system, process glucose, shepherd nutrients into your bloodstream and do things we don’t yet know. Other gut bacteria (should we call them conbiotics?) contribute to insulin resistance, fuel immune dysregulation and may promote depression, dementia, heart disease, strokes and cancer. Altogether, pro and con bacteria compose your gut biome, which changes in response to what you eat, your exposure to antibiotics and encounters with bacteria-rich environments (both good and bad). Recently, researchers found identical twins -- one fat, one not -- and extracted samples of their gut biomes. Then they injected those bacterial pools into normal-weight mice. The ones receiving the fat twin’s biome grew fat, the ones with the thin twin’s stayed normal-weight. Even more astounding: Mice that became obese stopped gaining weight if they lived with mice who’d received the “stay thin” biome transplant. Seems “lean bacteria” -groups of organisms called the bacteroidetes(ph) -- migrate into the “obese biome,” because there are job openings for healthy bacteria that the body is eager to have filled. However, researchers also found that if the “obese biome” mice ate a high-fat, low-veggie American-style diet while living with the “stay thin” mice, the fat mice stayed fat. So what can you do to control your weight? Ditch red meats; avoid saturated fats, all trans fats, all added sugars and syrups; and opt for 100 percent whole grains and fruits and veggies (nine servings a day). Within three to four days, that diet will fuel reproduction of healthy bacteria in your gut, and will help suppress those that cause trouble! We also like taking daily spore probiotic supplements containing bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 and lactobacillus GG. *** Mehmet Oz, M.D. is host of “The Dr. Oz Show,” and Mike Roizen, M.D. is Chief Wellness Officer and Chair of Wellness Institute at Cleveland Clinic. Email your health and wellness questions to Dr. Oz and Dr. Roizen at youdocsdaily(at sign)sharecare.com.

Tidbits® of The Upstate ● Read Online www.UpstateTidbits.com GLACIERS (continued): • Ice caps are miniature ice sheets. They cover fewer than 20,000 square miles (50,000 km²). They are found in polar and of Greenville sub-polar regions that are high in elevation and mostly flat. Iceland has an ice cap, as compared to the much larger ice sheet on Greenland. Ice fields are also similar with flow influenced by underlying ground that is not as flat. They are usually smaller than ice caps. • Ice streams are like little rivers that flow more rapidly than the glaciers they are surrounded by. The Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets have many ice streams that flow outwardly. • Mountain and valley glaciers are, as you may expect, named because of their locations. Mountain glaciers develop in high mountain areas and valley glaciers form from ice fields or mountain glaciers that spill into the valleys below them. • Valley glaciers tend to look like giant tongues when seen from above. They can sometimes reach sea level. • The largest mountain glaciers are found in the highest mountains of the world: the Himalayas in Asia, the Andes of South America, and the mountains of northern Canada, Alaska and on Antarctica. • When valley glaciers spill out onto flat plains they spread out into large lobes, forming piedmont glaciers. The Malaspina Glacier in Alaska is the largest piedmont glacier in the world. Formed by the spillout from the Seward Ice Field and the Agassiz Glacier, the Malaspina fills the plain in southeastern Alaska. Since it does not connect to the Gulf of Alaska or any of its bays, it does not qualify as a tidewater glacier. The Malaspina Glacier spreads out over 1931 square miles (5,000 km²) of the coastal plain below the Saint Elias Mountains. (Continues on Pg 11)

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Tank or Tankless Hot Water Heater? Q: I’m thinking of switching from a traditional hot water heater to a tankless water heater. With three teenagers in the house, the current tank heater is just not adequate to keep hot water available. Will a tankless heater solve the problem? And which is better, an electric or gas heater? -- Sal in Southern California A: While I like the concept of tankless water heaters -- they provide hot water on demand, rather than storing water in a tank and keeping it warm -- it’s really important for homeowners to do their research before deciding to jump to this system. Electric tankless heaters, for example, look like a good deal up front. They cost about a third to one-half as much as gas tankless heaters. However, installation can be expensive: most electric heaters require a dedicated 30-amp circuit, meaning an electrician will have to come in to properly wire the house. In older homes, the installation can be pretty painful on the wallet.

Gas tankless heaters cost more up front, but installation may not be as expensive. A qualified installer will need to set up the gas connection, and your gas system may need some modification. With either type, you still will have to deal with the problem of adequate hot-water supply. Placing high demand on the heater -such as running a shower, the dishwasher and the hot water tap in a sink at the same time -- will make it more difficult for the unit to heat water to the correct temperature, meaning everybody starts getting tepid water. Homeowners I’ve spoken with who have tankless heaters are generally pretty happy with them. But they have experienced a few issues, such as not knowing they need to flush the heating system once per year (and more often in a hard-water environment). None complained about having inadequate hot water -- either they selected the right-size system for their house, or they adjusted their water use to the rate at which the water gets heated. Because of the expense involved, find out how much water your family uses and track how much hot water is used during each day. Talk with the tankless heater dealer about the right system based on your needs, compare average annual costs (in electricity or gas) of the system compared to a traditional tank heater, and make sure you know up front what installation will entail and how much it will cost. HOME TIP: Tankless heaters can suffer from mineral scale buildup in the heat exchanger. Talk to the manufacturer about installing a flush valve so that you can flush out buildup annually and extend the life of the unit. Send your questions to ask@thisisahammer. com. (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.

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Cheese Fondue Scores for Super Bowl Supper My best cheese fondue memory goes back to a summer in Switzerland, the country of its origin. After hours of hiking trails in the Alps with a French family, we arrived at a charming mountaintop chalet, where we dipped chunks of fresh, rustic bread into a classic cheese fondue to cap off a perfect day. The memory of the edible trek lives on when I prepare fondue on my home turf. While authentic Swiss Emmentaler and Gruyere cheeses are available stateside, they can be quite pricey, so I’ve Americanized and simplified the traditional recipe using condensed cheddarcheese soup as the base. Bring out your fondue pot, stir up this easy recipe and warm up with friends and family on a chilly winter evening. Or serve it as a novel supper during Super Bowl halftime. A tossed green or fruit salad makes a nice accompaniment. MILD CHEESE FONDUE 1 can (10 3/4 ounces) condensed Cheddar cheese soup, such as Campbell’s 1/4 cup dry white wine or apple juice 1 cup Swiss cheese, grated 1 cup Cheddar cheese, grated

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Tabasco (optional) Salt and white pepper 1 clove garlic, halved French bread, cut into bite-size chunks, each with some crust on 1. Heat soup, wine or apple juice, and cheeses over medium heat, stirring constantly until cheeses are melted. Add a drop or two of Tabasco and season to taste with salt and pepper. 2. Rub the insides of a fondue pot with garlic. Pour the smooth cheese mixture into fondue pot and keep warm. Serve yourself by spearing bread chunks with fondue forks and dipping completely into sauce. Make 4-6 servings. Extra idea: For preschoolers, dipping a long pretzel or bread stick topped with a chunk of French bread into their own bowl of the gooey cheese mixture is just as fun. Try veggies and apple slices for healthy dunkers, too. *** Donna Erickson’s award-winning series “Donna’s Day” is airing on public television nationwide. To find more of her creative family recipes and activities, visit www. donnasday.com and link to the NEW Donna’s Day Facebook fan page. Her latest book is “Donna Erickson’s Fabulous Funstuff for Families.” (c) 2014 Donna Erickson Distributed by King Features Synd.

Eat Healthy All Day The basis for a healthy eating plan should be fruits and vegetables; whole grains; low-fat or fat-free milk products; lean meats, poultry, fish; and beans, lentils and other legumes. Some foods stand out as superstars with many nutrients to enhance health and prevent disease. Here are some smart food choices to make every day. Oats: A bowl of oatmeal is a great start to the day. Oatmeal provides soluble fiber, which can help lower blood cholesterol. This whole grain provides protein for muscle recovery and repair, and contains some antioxidants, which may have cardiovascular benefits. Try adding oats to some of your recipes including casseroles, meatloaf, muffins, breads and cookies. Blueberries: This tasty fruit contains fiber and vitamin C, which is an antioxidant that aids in disease prevention, helps maintain bones and teeth, and helps the body absorb iron. Blueberries contain antioxidants called anthocyanidins, which give them their blue-red color. These antioxidants appear to help neutralize damage to cells that can lead to many negative health conditions and diseases. Blueberries also may play a role in brain health. Buy frozen blueberries when they are not in season and add them to cereal, desserts or oatmeal. Yogurt: Low-fat or fat-free yogurt can serve as a snack or even as part of dessert. Yogurt has live cultures and good bacteria that may promote health, boost immunity and increase bone health. Some of the nutrients in yogurt include calcium and potassium, which are important for good bone health. Plus, yogurt contains protein, which helps you stay full longer. Top yogurt with blueberries and walnuts for a nutritious snack or breakfast. Yogurt also can serve as the base for creamy dips or dress-

ings. Black beans: All beans can promote health, but black beans contain anthocyanidins, the same antioxidant in blueberries. Black beans contain soluble fiber, which can help lower cholesterol. Beans contain protein as well, making them a good substitute for other protein foods that may be high in fat. Beans also are low in calories, low in fat and inexpensive. Walnuts: These nuts contain the most omega-3 fatty acids of all the tree nuts and peanuts. Omega-3 fatty acids help boost cardiovascular health, help decrease inflammation related to diseases and might improve cognitive function. Walnuts also have monounsaturated fat, a heart-healthy fat that can help lower cholesterol. Tomatoes: Fresh tomatoes may not be available year-round, but processed tomato products such as stewed tomatoes, tomato sauce and tomato juice can be found any time of year. The red color of tomatoes comes from lycopene, a phytochemical that the body absorbs better from processed tomato products. Lycopene can help prevent prostate cancer and might improve bone health. Tomatoes also contain vitamins A and C, both of which are antioxidants. Carrots: Bugs Bunny probably has great eyesight, thanks to the beta carotene that gives carrots their orange color. Beta carotene helps protect against some cancers and cardiovascular (heart) disease. This compound also can help protect your lungs, especially if you smoke. In addition, carrots contain vitamin C, vitamin K, fiber and potassium. Spinach: We all know that spinach makes Popeye stronger, probably because this dark green veggie is full of vital nutrients. Spinach provides us with vitamin K to help with blood clotting. It also contains vitamin A for healthy skin and vision, folate for red blood cell formation and proper cell division, and iron for oxygen transport within the body. Spinach also contains some cal-

Puzzle & Trivia Answers BIBLE TRIVIA ANSWERS:

1) New; 2) Fellowship; 3) Nero; 4) Five; 5) Fool; 6) Revelation

FLASHBACK ANSWERS

1. Andy Gibb, in 1978. The song stayed at No. 1 for seven weeks. 2. “Mama’s Pearl,” by the Jackson 5, in 1971. The title was changed to keep Michael Jackson’s innocent image. 3. The Diamonds. Purists maintain that the original by the Gladiolas is the finer version, but it’s the energy of the Diamonds’ version that made it more popular. 4. Stevie Nicks and Don Henley. Nicks had written the song for Waylon Jennings and Jessi Colter, who didn’t use it on their own “Leather and Lace” album. 5. “Knock on Wood,” originally by Eddie Floyd in 1966. Others have done covers, but it was Amii Stewart in 1979 that made it a danceable disco song. (On the other hand, don’t miss Eric Clapton’s version on YouTube.)

cium, potassium (which can help lower blood pressure) and fiber. It’s easy to add all of these foods to your daily diet by having oatmeal topped with blueberries for breakfast, and my recipe for PowerPacked Spinach Salad with Greek Yogurt Dressing for lunch or dinner. The black beans act as a protein in this delicious salad. You also can top the salad with an additional protein such as lean chicken or beef, turkey, fish or tofu, for a heartier meal. Add these foods to your menu and enjoy the many health benefits from these nutritional all-stars! POWER-PACKED SPINACH SALAD 4 ounces (2/3 of 6 ounce carton) plain Greek yogurt 1 1/2 teaspoons lemon juice 1 1/2 teaspoons fresh or dried chopped mint, basil or parsley 3/4 teaspoons honey or agave syrup 1 teaspoon salt 1 teaspoon black pepper 5 cups baby spinach 1 (15-ounce) can black beans, drained and rinsed 4 ounces feta cheese, crumbled 12 grape or cherry tomatoes, halved 1/4 small red onion, thinly sliced 1/2 cup shredded carrots 10 walnut halves, toasted In a small bowl combine yogurt, lemon juice, herbs, honey or a g a v e syrup, salt and pepper and mix well. In a large bowl, combine spinach, black beans, cheese, tomatoes, onions, carrots and walnuts. Pour desired amount of dressing over salad and toss until well-combined. Serves 4. *** Angela Shelf Medearis is an award-winning children’s author, culinary historian and author of seven cookbooks. Her new cookbook is “The Kitchen Diva’s Diabetic Cookbook.” Her website is www.divapro.com. To see how-to videos, recipes and much, much more, Like Angela Shelf Medearis, The Kitchen Diva!, on Facebook and go to Hulu.com. Recipes may not be reprinted without permission from Angela Shelf Medearis. (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc., and Angela Shelf Medearis

Advertising/Distribution call (864)962-7600 ● 1(855)SC-TIDBITS ● publisher@upstatetidbits.com GLACIERS (continued): • Glaciers that look like bowls high on mountainsides are called Cirque Glaciers. All of the glaciers in Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado are cirque glaciers. The Matterhorn in Switzerland is an example of a “horn,” which is formed when the top of a mountain has been surrounded by cirque glaciers. • “Ice aprons,” or hanging glaciers cling to and as the name implies, hang from, steep mountainsides. These are common in the Alps and often have avalanches from their steep inclines. • When valley glaciers flow far enough to connect to the sea they are called tidewater glaciers. Many icebergs originate from tidewater glaciers. Hubbard Glacier, which is part of Glacier Bay National Park, is the largest tidewater glacier in North America. The highlight of most cruises to Alaska, the glacier was first mapped in 1895. Icebergs up to 200 feet (61 m) high break off fairly often causing spectacular splashing and crashing and giving tourists quite a show. Glacier Bay has 16 tidewater glaciers. • Glacier Bay and Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve in Alaska, along with Kluane National Park and Reserve in the Yukon Territory and TatshenshiniAlsek Park in British Columbia, form a vast ecological area that covers 37452 square miles (97000 km²). The area is mostly untouched except for a historic First Nations presence (Native Canadians). A massive complex of high peaks and glaciers, the area is home to many grizzly bears and caribou as well as the largest non-polar icefield in the world. The entire area was declared a World Heritage Site in 1993.

It was noted Irish author and wit Oscar Wilde who made the following sage observation: “There are only two tragedies in life: one is not getting what one wants, and the other is getting it.” The very first CD of a musical recording was made in 1982. The album was “The Visitors” by Swedish pop superstars ABBA. Immigrants arriving at New York’s Ellis Island in the early years (18921920s) were given bananas to eat. Many had never seen a banana and didn’t know how to eat one --

some ate the whole thing, the warm southwestern part of the country, winters peel and all. last about 100 days, with In the small African na- snow covering the ground tion of Swaziland, the Civ- from mid-October to early il Aviation Authority has May. set a ceiling of 500 feet on light aircraft. These The name of the state aircraft, as well as kites of Iowa (unsurprisingly) and remote controlled comes from a Native toys, are not allowed to American language. The go above that limit. Also original word, “ayuxba,” included in the category means “sleepy ones.” of light aircraft are broomsticks. Any witch who flies Early science-fiction on a broomstick above author E.E. “Doc” Smith that limit is subject to a wasn’t just a writer; he also fine of more than $50,000 was an engineer. He’s the and possible arrest. guy who figured out how to get powdered sugar to If you’re thinking about stick to doughnuts. *** moving to another country, you might want to Thought for the Day: “To consider Finland. In that be capable of embarcountry, employees are of- rassment is the beginfered, on average, 44 paid ning of moral consciousvacation days every year. ness. Honor grows from Of course, you might want qualms.” -- John Leonard to consider that even in (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.

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Slow-Cooker Spiced Pork Sandwiches Pork butt (also known as pork shoulder) is ideal for the slow cooker, which renders the meat terrifically tender ... and flavorful, especially when infused with this mix of orange juice, paprika, cumin and cloves.

1 orange 2 limes 1 tablespoon paprika 2 teaspoons ground cumin 6 whole cloves (optional) Kosher salt and pepper 1/2 cinnamon stick 3 pounds pork butt or shoulder, trimmed and cut into 4-inch pieces 1/2 small red onion 4 slices country bread 1 bunch spinach, thick stems discarded 1. Zest the orange into a 5- to 6-quart slow cooker. Squeeze from orange and limes into measuring cup (should yield about 3/4 cup total). Transfer all but 1/4 cup of juice to the slow cooker; refrigerate remaining juice. 2. Add the paprika, cumin, cloves (if using), 1/2 teaspoon salt and 1/4 teaspoon pepper to slow cooker and whisk to combine; add cinnamon stick. Add pork and toss to coat. Cook, covered, until pork is tender and easily pulls apart, on low for 7 to 8 hours or on high for 5 to 6 hours. 3. When pork has 15 minutes left to cook, thinly slice onion and add to reserved juice. Let sit, tossing occasionally, until ready to use. Toast the bread. 4. Remove the cinnamon stick. Using forks, shred the pork and stir it into the cooking liquid. Push the pork to one side. Add the spinach to the other side; season with 1/4 teaspoon salt and toss until beginning to wilt. Top the bread with the pork, spinach and onions. Serves 4. Tips & Techniques: Instead of making sandwiches, pile the pork, spinach and onions on top of Cheddar cheese grits. Each serving: About 429 calories, 14g total fat (5g saturated), 125mg cholesterol, 752mg sodium, 30g total carbs, 3g dietary fiber, 43g protein. (Recipe courtesy Woman’s Day magazine.) (c) 2014 Hearst Communications, Inc. All rights reserved

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