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Year 35 Supplement to no. 160 February/March 2025 Bimonthly Review

contents

Cover picture by: Giancarlo Pradelli

Editorial

Welcome to Indian Ceramics Asia 2025!

Paola Giacomini

Hkkjrh; fljsfed ,f'k;k 2025 esa Lokxr gS!

World News

10 Events

Tecna 2024, another successful edition

VsDuk 2024] ,d vkSj lQy laLdj.k

12 Economics

We Are Acimac, the standard-bearer of Italian excellence

ge gSa vkphekd] tks bVkfy;u mR—"Vrk ds ekud&okgd gSaS

World production and consumption of ceramic tiles: forecasts to 2028

Luca Baraldi

fljsfed Vkbyksa dk nqfu;k esa mRiknu vkSj miHkksx % 2028 ds fy, vuqeku

The Indian construction industry offers abundant business opportunities Generoso Verrusio

Hkkjrh; fuekZ.k m|ksx çpqj O;kolkf;d volj çnku djrk gS

28 Sanitaryware

World sanitaryware exports and imports

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The big players in the sector

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40 Technology

Digital through-body decoration: a step forward in the reproduction of natural materials

iwjh c‚Mh ij fMftVy ltkoV % çk—frd lkexzh ds iqu% mRiknu esa vxyk dnea

Digital printing goes to the next level

fMftVy fçafVax vxys Lrj ij igqaph

The evolution of the through-vein effect

Fkzw&osu çHkko dk fodkl

Self-production of ceramic inks

fljsfed L;kfg;ksa dk Lo&mRiknu

More sustainable and higher quality ceramic bodies

vf/kd fVdkÅ vkSj mPp xq.koÙkk okyh fljsfed c‚Mht

52 Heavyclay

Cosmec: cutting-edge technologies for heavy clay industry

d‚Lesd % gsoh Dys m|ksx ds fy, vk/kqfudre çkS|ksfxfd;ka

New-concept hydraulic presses

ubZ voèkkj.kk okyh gkbMªksfyd çsl

LATEST TECHNOLOGIES

Luca Baraldi

Sacmi System Ceramics

Inco

Minerali Industriali

Cosmec

Bongioanni Macchine

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Hkkjrh; fljsfeDl ,f'k;k 2025 esa Lokxr gS! WELCOME TO INDIAN CERAMICS ASIA 2025! From 5 to 7 March, the Indian ceramic industry will meet again in Gandhinagar for the 19th annual edition of Indian Ceramics Asia. The show will feature around 140 exhibitors from India, Europe, China and other countries. More than 9,000 visitors are expected (they were 8,221 last year, from 33 countries). The industry’s leading international suppliers will all be present, including the Italian machinery, equipment and material manufacturers Appel, Cimes, Interser, Lamberti, LB, Metco, Minerali Industriali Engineering, Sacmi, Officine Smac, Surfaces Group, System Ceramics, and Tecnoferrari: most of them will be exhibiting in the Italian pavilion organised by ACIMAC in cooperation with the Italian Trade Agency, while some of them will be present with their Indian companies. Germany will also attend the exhibition with 17 companies (Eirich, Händle, Lingl, and the raw material supplier AKW are among them), most of which inside the German country pavilion. Other international brands include Sibelco, in the field of ceramic raw materials, and the Spanish company Equipceramics in the field of heavyclay machinery. Indian Ceramics Asia provides a welcome opportunity to meet up with local customers. In the last couple of years, the Indian ceramic tile industry has further strengthened its position as a global tile player and as the world’s second largest manufacturer, consumer and exporter behind China. In the calendar year 2023 (January-December), India’s tile producers chalked up another astonishing success with total exports of 589 million sqm (up 40% on 2022), representing 21.4% of total global exports and 24% of Indian national production that year. In value, exports were up 33.7% to 2.8 billion USD. Indian exports in volume grew above all outside the Asian markets (which still absorb 42% of Indian exports): Indian sales grew by 68% in Africa, by 77% in the European Union, by 142% in Extra-EU Europe, by 133% in South America, and by 52% in North America. According to “Ceramic Tile Market Forecast Analysis. TRENDS 2024-2028”, the forecast report for the global ceramic tile market, published last November by the MECS-Acimac Research Centre, India is poised to acquire a growing share of global ceramic tile production, with output forecast to rise by an average of 5.9% per year to 3.3 billion sq.m through 2028. This corresponds to 813 million sqm of additional output respect to 2023 levels. The increase in national consumption will be even more marked (+7.8% CAGR 2024-2028), with volumes reaching 2.5 billion sq.m in 2028, i.e. 778 million sq.m more than in 2023. The progress of the Indian ceramic market will be supported by the excellent performance of the national economy (GDP is expected to grow by 6.6% per year over the 5 years) and by the good performance of investments in the construction sector, estimated to increase by an average of 3.7% per year by 2028.

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VsDuk 2024] ,d vkSj lQy laLdj.k TECNA 2024, ANOTHER SUCCESSFUL EDITION

The 28th Tecna, the International Exhibition of Technologies and Supplies for Surfaces held in Rimini last September, reaffirmed its status as the leading international trade fair for the ceramic industry, offering an in-depth look at the latest innovations in materials, processes and products. Artificial intelligence, digitalisation, automation, energy efficiency and sustainability were the key focus areas of the research carried out by the 350 exhibiting companies at Tecna, whose aim was to present forward-looking solutions that address the evolving needs of the industry. Their proposals ranged from environmentally-friendly raw materials prioritising health and safety to thermal machines powered by alternative fuels to gas, from circular economy innovations such as recovery and recycling systems to advances in digital decoration and full-digital technologies, as well as increasingly automated production lines designed to minimise emissions and optimise process efficiency. Exhibitors were delighted with the strong visitor turnout, which was comparable to that of the previous edition of the show. High-quality industry professionals and buyers arrived from over 100 countries, including Spain, Turkey, India, Brazil, Algeria, Egypt, Mexico, Poland, Iran, Indonesia, Argentina, Russia, Morocco and Vietnam. The African continent was also strongly represented, with professionals from countries such as Ghana, Uganda, Ethiopia, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, Mozambique, Sudan, Rwanda, Angola and Cameroon. The strong interest shown by international players in the exhibited technologies was also much in evidence at the 1,600 business meetings organised in cooperation with the Italian Trade Agency ITA to explore the best investment opportunities. These meetings were attended by 150 top hosted buyers from 36 countries.

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events

THE SECOND EDITION OF THE TECNAWARDS The four-day exhibition also featured a packed programme of events, including the second edition of the TecnAwards which brought leading global ceramic players to Rimini to collect the prizes awarded by exhibitors for the best investments made by Italian and international customers over the past two years. The competition organised in collaboration with the magazine Ceramic World Review recognised outstanding technological investments made by tile, sanitaryware and brick manufacturers in the last two years, based on nominations submitted by exhibitors at Tecna 2024. The 2024 TecnAwards went to a total of 26 ceramic companies across various categories and regions, including Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Europe and North and South America. Owners and top managers of the winning companies travelled to Rimini to collect their awards. In addition to the “Best Brick&Tile Manufacturer” Award and the “Best Sanitaryware Manufacturer” Award, the Awards were also presented to two categories in the ceramic tile sector: “Best New Tile Plant” and “Innovation And Sustainability”. The latter is an award for companies that have adopted outstanding plant solutions capable of reducing the environmental impact of production processes by improving plant efficiency. In this category the award for the Asian continent was presented to the Indian company Simpolo, which in addition to the work carried out in the last two years, also announced its next €100 million investment project to build two production facilities in northern and southern India. In the picture, Mr. Jitendra Aghara, CMD of Simpolo, and Luca Majocchi (shareholder), receive the Award presented by Paola Giacomini, publisher of Ceramic World Review. The other winners in this category were: Gemma - Al Ezz Group (Egypt), Nuova Riwal Ceramiche - Gruppo Casalgrande Padana (Italy), Florim USA (USA), Lamosa Group (South America), RAK Ceramics (UAE).

◼

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ge gSa vkphekd] tks bVkfy;u mR—"Vrk ds ekud&okgd gSa WE ARE ACIMAC, THE STANDARD-BEARER OF ITALIAN EXCELLENCE

We Are Acimac is the new promotional trademark launched in 2024 by the Italian ceramic machinery and equipment manufacturers’ association Acimac. The initiative brings together all the association’s international promotional efforts under a single logo and serves to highlight the many outstanding aspects of Italian technology on the global stage. Italy’s leadership in the ceramic machinery sector is the result of numerous factors, as Acimac’s Chairman Paolo Lamberti explained to us. CWR: Mr Lamberti, how did the We Are Acimac initiative come about? PAOLO LAMBERTI: We wanted a trademark that would reflect our superior quality and the excellence that sets us apart from our global competitors. As a world-leading industry, it is essential for us to ensure that our unique qualities are recognised by our customers. Adding value, innovating and maintaining a commitment to continuous product research are crucial aspects of our business and should not be taken for granted. We Are Acimac also serves to reaffirm the importance of awareness and teamwork, two qualities that a trade association must continually promote and highlight. CWR: So investing in Italian systems and solutions brings multiple advantages for global ceramic manufacturers. P. LAMBERTI: That’s right, Italian-made ceramic machinery offers a wide range of technical, qualitative and economic advantages. First and foremost, it represents the pinnacle of state-of-the-art technology: nowhere else in the world does the industry invest so heavily in research, development and innovation. Italy has always been a pioneer in the ceramic industry, breaking new ground with innovations such as largesize slabs, digital solutions and implementation of strategic design. As for quality, Italian machinery is universally recognized as a benchmark of excellence with an outstanding reputation in all areas from sales through to customer support and service, which have been further improved in recent years with the adoption of all available servitization tools. CWR: And then there are the financial advantages... P. LAMBERTI: Exactly. These benefits are summed up in the concept of total cost of ownership. The cost of Italian machinery is easier to reduce in the medium term thanks to its outstanding levels of reliability, durability, versatility and service. In other words, an Italian machine not only lasts longer but also delivers higher productivity, making it easier for custom-

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economics

Paolo Lamberti

ers to recoup their initial investments. The machinery manufacturers’ focus on energy savings brings further cost benefits. Latest-generation kilns and dryers are increasingly energy efficient and are designed to run not only on natural gas but also on alternative energy sources. Waste recovery and process optimisation also allow customers to make significant new savings. This level of attention is unmatched anywhere in the world, largely due to the strict environmental regulations imposed on the Italian ceramic producers, who were our very first customers. CWR: Versatility is another related aspect. P. LAMBERTI: That’s right, an Italian-built line can be adapted easily and rapidly to the many different needs of the market, so a factory equipped with Italian technology is highly flexible in terms of product size, line configuration and production batches. This is a particularly important aspect given the recent trend in the ceramic industry towards smaller batch sizes. Technologies developed in other countries are unable to deliver the same levels of flexibility. CWR: What are the biggest difficulties faced by Italian companies in world markets? P. LAMBERTI: It’s difficult to generalise as each situation would need to be assessed on a case-by-case basis. However, one of our biggest difficulties is making companies around the world aware of the advantages of Italian technology. For example, it is essential to get across the message that Italian raw materials preparation machines have set new standards for both wet and dry grinding, that Italy maintains a leadership position in the field of large slab forming, and that Italian companies were the first to develop digital decoration and special visual and tactile effects on tiles. As I mentioned earlier, our machines are also highly sustainable in terms of the environment, reducing consumption and waste. CWR: You should be pleased that one out of every two machines currently installed anywhere the world was made in Italy. P. LAMBERTI: That’s true, but as an entrepreneur, I can’t allow myself the luxury of seeing the glass half-full. I have to look at the half-empty part and consider it as new terrain to conquer. In any case, it’s crucial that we remain vigilant. The highly volatile economic landscape and intensifying competition, particularly from China, pose significant threats to our leadership position.

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fljsfed Vkbyksa dk nqfu;k esa mRiknu vkSj miHkksx % 2028 ds fy, vuqeku WORLD PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF CERAMIC TILES: FORECASTS TO 2028 Luca Baraldi - MECS / Centro Studi Acimac (l.baraldi@mecs.org)

The fourth edition of the forecast report for the global ceramic tile market, published last November by the MECS-Acimac Research Centre, analyses production and consumption trends for the period 2024-2028, both by macro-areas and for 91 individual countries. The 238-page report concludes with summary tables ranking 90 producer and 146 consumer countries based on projected volume changes over the five-year period. Unsurprisingly, India tops the list for both production and consumption growth, while China sits at the bottom of the ranking with a negative outlook. METHODOLOGY As in previous editions, Ceramic Tile Market Forecast Analysis. TRENDS 2024-2028 is based on econometric models developed by MECS, integrating multiple quantitative indicators, including GDP trends, industrial and construction investments, demographic and urbanisation dynamics and household spending capacity. The analysis also factors in the impact of public policies, consumption patterns, sustainability trends and the state of logistics and infrastructure. This methodology allows a reliable projection to be made of the average annual growth rate for tile production and consumption over the period 2024-2028, even in the midst of significant structural shifts and global uncertainty. Ongoing geopolitical crises and the wars in Ukraine and the Middle East, coupled with potential policy shifts under a second Trump presidency, could reshape trade patterns and impact commercial relations with various countries and regions, including Europe. WORLD CERAMIC TILE PRODUCTION After a decidedly negative 2023 for the global ceramic tile industry (marked by a 5% drop in consumption and a 5.5% decline in production, equating to a loss of 1 billion square metres compared to 2022 and nearly 3 billion sqm less than in 2021), MECS forecasts a gradual recovery over the five-year period from 2024 to 2028. However, this rebound will not be sufficient to return to the record levels seen in 2021. Global tile production is projected to grow at an average annual rate of +2.2%, increasing from 15.9 billion sqm in 2023 to over 17.8 billion sqm in 2028. The key regions driving this recovery will be Africa, the Middle East (despite ongoing geopolitical uncertainty), non-EU European countries and the Americas, all of which are expected to grow

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economics Ceramic Tile Market

Forecast Analysis TREND 2024—2028 World Outlook by Macroarea & Single Countries

4th EDITION Year 2024

at above-average rates. Africa, in particular, could see an annual increase of +5.6%, with production rising from 1.2 billion sqm in 2023 to 1.5 billion sqm in 2028. The European Union is expected to expand in line with the global average (+2.2% per year), while Asia is projected to see a more modest annual growth rate of +1.6%. Asia’s overall performance will be significantly impacted by China’s ongoing real estate crisis, which is expected to drive a continued contraction in demand (-1.6% per year) and consequently production (-0.9%). Conversely, India is poised to acquire a growing share of global ceramic tile production, with output forecast to rise by an average of 5.9% per year through 2028. This corresponds to more than 800 million sqm of additional output over five years, nearly matching the projected growth in domestic demand of 778 million sqm. WORLD CONSUMPTION SET TO GROW BY 2 BILLION SQM IN FIVE YEARS Over the five-year period, the global ceramic tile market is projected to expand by just over 2 billion sqm, an encouraging rebound compared to the past three years, though still below the

TABLE 1: FORECASTS FOR CERAMIC TILE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA TO 2028 Production (million sq.m)

Consumption (million sq.m)

Production 2023

% on total

Production 2028

% on total

CAGR 24-28

Consumption 2023

Consumption 2028

CAGR 24-28

EUROPEAN UNION

1,039

6.5

1,157

6.5

+2.2%

831

907

+1.8%

OTHER EUROPE

615

3.9

728

4.1

+3.4%

636

737

+3.0%

NORTH AMERICA

349

2.2

403

2.2

+2.9%

551

616

+2.2%

SOUTH AMERICA

1,124

7.1

1,282

7.2

+2.7%

1,217

1,538

+4.8%

MIDDLE EAST

859

5.4

1,033

5.8

+3.8%

1,024

1,110

+1.6%

FAR EAST / ASIA

10,768

67.6

11,653

65.4

+1.6%

9,896

10,814

+1.8%

AFRICA

1,178

7.4

1,545

8.7

+5.6%

1,472

1,972

+6.0%

TOTAL WORLD

15,937

100.0

17,806

100.0

+2.2%

15,627

17,693

+2.5%

AREA

Source: Ceramic Tile Market Forecast Analysis TRENDS 2024 - 2028, MECS 2024

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economics

rapid growth seen in previous periods. Global demand is expected to rise from 15.6 billion sqm in 2023 to 17.7 billion sqm in 2028, reflecting an average annual growth rate of +2.5%. Africa is forecast to experience the highest growth, with an annual increase of +6%, followed by South America at +4.8% and non-EU European countries at +3%. In contrast, demand in other regions is expected to grow at a slower pace. The European Union, Asia and the Middle East will see annual growth rates ranging between +1.6% and +1.8%, indicating less dynamic market conditions in these areas. KEY EMERGING PLAYERS While Africa and South America will be the key regions to watch in terms of market growth, the leading players in the global ceramic industry are unlikely to change significantly. However, the MECS report highlights the emergence of new dynamic markets, particularly in Africa and Asia. Countries such as Bangladesh, Kenya and Kazakhstan are rapidly expanding their production, with annual double-digit growth projected until 2028. On the consumption side, these nations, along with Cameroon and Uganda, are also expected to see much faster growth in demand than global averages. OUTLOOK FOR THE FAR EAST The Far East is the geographical macro-area with the most positive economic growth prospects for the next few years. Between 2024 and 2028, the region’s overall GDP is projected to grow at an average annual rate of 4.3%, while investment in residential and non-residential construction is expected to rise by 3% annually. In 2028, the Far East will continue to account for 70% of global construction investment. However, the MECS forecast report predicts more moderate growth for the ceramic industry and market in this macro-area.

TABLE 2: FORECASTS FOR CERAMIC TILE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION IN CHINA AND INDIA TO 2028 Production (million sq.m)

Consumption (million sq.m)

Production 2023

% on total

Production 2028

% on total

CAGR 24-28

Consumption 2023

Consumption 2028

CAGR 24-28

CHINA

6,730

42.2

6,441

36.2

-0.9%

6,118

5,656

-1.9%

INDIA

2,450

15.4

3,263

18.3

+5.9%

1,700

2,478

+7.8%

TOTAL WORLD

15,937

100.0

17,806

100.0

+2.2%

15,627

17,693

+2.5%

Source: Ceramic Tile Market Forecast Analysis TRENDS 2024 - 2028, MECS 2024

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Tile production is projected to increase from 10.8 billion sqm in 2023 to 11.6 billion sqm in 2028 (average annual growth rate of +1.6%), while tile consumption is set to rise at an average annual rate of 1.8%, from 9.9 billion sqm in 2023 to 10.8 billion sqm in 2028. By 2028, China and India – the world’s top two tile producer and consumer countries – will account for 54.5% of global tile production, producing 9.7 billion sqm out of an estimated global total of 17.8 billion sqm. However, their growth patterns will follow opposite trajectories. In China, the real estate crisis may lead to a further decline in domestic tile consumption (5,656 million sqm in 2028, an average annual contraction of 1.6%), with production volumes also expected to fall (6,441 million sqm, an annual decline of 0.9%). As a result, China’s share of global tile production will drop to 36%. In contrast, India will maintain its rapid and sustained growth trajectory and will be the country with the biggest increase in production volumes by 2028. Output is expected to grow by 813 million sqm compared to 2023, bringing total production to 3,263 million sqm, with an average annual growth rate of 5.9% and a global market share of 18%. Domestic tile consumption will rise even more rapidly (CAGR +7.8% from 2024 to 2028), reaching 2,478 million sqm in 2028 (an increase of 778 million sqm compared to 2023). The Indian ceramic market’s expansion will be driven by a robust national economic performance, with GDP projected to grow by 6.6% annually over the next five years, alongside steady investment in construction, expected to increase by 3.7% per year through 2028. However, the ceramic industry in the Far East is not limited to these two giants. Vietnam and Indonesia, which will rank as the fourth- and seventh-largest ceramic tile producers worldwide by 2028, also merit attention. EUROPE POISED FOR GRADUAL RECOVERY Over the five-year period 2024 to 2028, the MECS forecast report points to a two-speed growth trend for the European ceramic industry, with the European Union experiencing lower annual growth rates than non-EU European countries. This disparity reflects the differing economic forecasts made by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which projects average annual GDP growth rates of 1.5% for the EU and 2.3% for non-EU Europe over the period. Ceramic tile consumption in the EU is expected to increase from 831 million sqm in 2023 to 907 million sqm in 2028 (average annual growth rate of 1.8%). After two consecutive years of decline, a slight recovery is anticipated in 2024-2025, driven more by renovations than by new construction. The strongest consumption growth is expected in Poland, Spain, the Czech Republic and Bulgaria, while Italy, France and Germany are likely to experience more challenging market conditions.

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Tile production in the EU is projected to grow from 1.04 billion sqm in 2023 to 1.16 billion sqm in 2028 (average annual increase of 2.2%) with a similar pattern to that of consumption, namely a modest rebound after the contraction in 2023 and a gradual recovery over the subsequent years. In non-EU European countries, ceramic tile production is projected to increase from 615 million sqm in 2023 to 728 million sqm in 2028, with an average annual growth rate of 3.4%, a significant acceleration compared to the +0.8% per year recorded between 2014 and 2023. Tile consumption is also expected to rise at an average annual rate of 3.0%, from 636 million sqm in 2023 to 737 million sqm in 2028, again an improvement over the 1.7% average annual growth of the previous decade. However, it is important to note that this region has experienced two years of sharp contraction, largely due to the instability caused by the war in Ukraine. The recovery will be driven primarily by Turkey and Russia, the area’s two largest ceramic tile producers. According to MECS forecasts, Turkish production is expected to reach 433 million sqm in 2028 (average annual growth rate of +3.1%), while Russian production will grow to 208 million sqm (annual growth rate of +3.2%). POSITIVE OUTLOOK IN NORTH AMERICA The MECS forecast for North America (NAFTA region consisting of the United States, Canada and Mexico) estimates an increase in tile production from 349 million sqm in 2023 to 403 million sqm in 2028 (CAGR +2.9%). Tile consumption is also expected to rise over the same period from 551 million sqm to 616 million sqm (CAGR +2.2%). For the five-year period 2024-2028, MECS forecasts higher average annual growth rates for both production and consumption compared to the decade 2014-2023. Mexico will play a key role in driving both production and demand. The country’s tile production is expected to reach 305 million sqm by 2028 (CAGR +2.9%), accounting for three-quarters of North America’s total output, while domestic consumption will reach 302 million sqm (CAGR +3.5%). The ceramic tile industry and market in the United States are likewise poised for growth. Production is projected to reach 97 million sqm by 2028 (CAGR +3.1%), while domestic consumption will grow from 264 million sqm in 2023 to 283 million sqm in 2028 (CAGR +1.4%). More than two-thirds of US tile consumption will continue to be met by imports. SOUTH AMERICA: GROWTH DRIVEN BY DEMAND According to the MECS Research Centre’s forecast for the main countries in Latin America from 2024 to 2028, the region’s ceramic industry will maintain a stable share of global tile production at 7.2%, while strengthening its position as a major consumer market. Ceramic tile production is projected to grow from 1.12 billion sqm in 2023 to 1.28 bil-

CWR INDIA 2025

economics

lion sqm in 2028, with an average annual growth rate of 2.7%. This marks a sharp recovery from the negative trend of the decade 2014-2023 (CAGR -1.5%). This anticipated expansion will largely be driven by Brazil, the region’s biggest player and the world’s third-largest tile producer. Brazilian tile production is expected to increase by 2.6% annually from 793 million sqm in 2023 to 903 million sqm in 2028. On the demand side, the South American market is poised for even stronger growth, with tile consumption projected to rise by 4.8% annually, from 1.22 billion sqm in 2023 to 1.54 billion sqm in 2028, an increase of 321 million sqm over the five-year period. Once again, Brazil will play a pivotal role, with domestic demand expected to reach 896 million sqm (an average annual increase of +5.2%). This optimistic scenario marks a significant shift from the previous decade, when demand stagnated (CAGR of -1.7% from 2014 to 2023). The new growth cycle is driven by favourable macroeconomic conditions, with regional GDP projected to expand by 2.6% annually until 2028. Additionally, the construction sector is expected to benefit from public incentives and funding for infrastructure and innovation, factors that are likely to drive investment at an average annual rate of 2.3% over the five-year period. AFRICA: SUSTAINED GROWTH IN PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION Africa remains the fastest-growing macro-area within the global ceramic industry, driven by a rapidly evolving economy and a significant infrastructure gap compared to developed nations. Following a decade of extraordinary expansion with average annual growth rates of 11% in tile production and 6.3% in consumption, the latest MECS analysis confirms that the continent will continue its upward trajectory, albeit with slightly more moderate growth. For the period 2024-2028, MECS forecasts an average annual increase of 5.6% in tile production (from 1.18 billion sqm in 2024 to 1.55 billion sqm in 2028). Consumption is expected to grow at an annual rate of 6%, reaching 1.97 billion sqm by 2028, an increase of 500 million sqm compared to 2023, equivalent to 11.1% of global tile consumption. This expansion is being driven not only by general economic growth, with GDP expected to rise by 4.1% annually through 2028, but also by the booming tourism industry and the surge in investments in infrastructure and hospitality. These factors are fuelling a significant acceleration in construction activity (projected by MECS to grow at an average annual rate of 2.5%), in turn driving up demand for ceramic tiles. As for production, a number of new players including Benin, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire and Mozambique are emerging alongside the existing major producer countries such as Egypt, Algeria, South Africa, Nigeria and Ghana. These will help to strengthen Africa’s ceramic tile manufacturing base, although part of the continent’s demand will continue to be met by imports.

◼

CWR INDIA 2025

Hkkjrh; fuekZ.k m|ksx çpqj O;kolkf;d volj çnku djrk gS THE INDIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY OFFERS ABUNDANT BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES Generoso Verrusio (g.verrusio@kairosmediagroup.it)

In 2023, India became the world’s most populous country with 1.429 billion inhabitants. This year, it is poised to become the fourth-largest economy globally, and within two years may pose a serious challenge to Germany, which recently claimed third place after overtaking Japan. According to International Monetary Fund forecasts, India is the most likely contender over the next decade to challenge the dominance of the two economic superpowers, the United States and China. Construction is without question one of the strongest sectors in the Indian economy, driven by massive public and private investments, technological innovations and large-scale infrastructure projects. By 2030, the sector is expected to account for 15% of the country’s GDP and employ more than 70 million people. According to Next Move Strategy Consulting, the Indian construction market was valued at US $884.72 billion in 2023 and is predicted to reach $2,134.43 billion by 2030, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.6% from 2024 to 2030.

CWR INDIA 2025

economics

Based on Global Data estimates, India ranks among the top five largest construction markets in the world alongside China, the USA, the UK and Indonesia. Further insights into this sustained growth can be found in the Indian press, which highlights the construction sector’s rapid expansion, primarily driven by government-backed initiatives focused on infrastructure development and urbanisation. Central to these efforts is the National Investment Pipeline (NIP), a government programme with a $1.4 trillion investment budget for infrastructure projects and substantial allocations for renewable energy, roads and highways, urban infrastructure and railways. The case for investing in India’s construction sector is explained by the government portal Invest India, which estimates that 50% of India’s population will live in urban areas by 2046 and notes that India already boasts the third-largest metro network in the world, transporting approximately 10 million passengers daily – two good reasons for the government to give a further boost to the urban construction market. CWR INDIA 2025

economics

AFFORDABLE HOUSING: THE PMAY PLAN The Indian government has introduced several initiatives to address the problem of affordable housing. One example is the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), a social housing programme that aims to construct millions of affordable homes for low-income families through subsidies and financial assistance. With initiatives like these, the sector is set for significant growth and a major leap forward, underscoring its pivotal role within India’s broader economic strategy. Projects such as PMAY highlight the government’s strong commitment to long-term, sustainable urban development. REAL ESTATE MARKET EXPECTED TO REACH $1 TRILLION BY 2030 In parallel with construction, India’s real estate market is also advancing rapidly. According to the report entitled Indian Real Estate: The Quantum Leap, a collaboration between the Confederation of Real Estate Developers’ Associations of India (CREDAI) and Colliers, the sector is projected to grow significantly to reach $1 trillion by 2030. Under an optimistic scenario, it could achieve a size of $7-10 trillion by 2047. The report also predicts market consolidation across all real estate segments and anticipates expansion beyond metropolitan areas into smaller cities. The number of Indian cities with populations exceeding 1 million is expected to grow from around 60 to over 100 by 2050. Sustainable development remains a top priority for India’s construction sector, with government and private stakeholders increasingly advocating for green building practices and energy-efficient technologies.

◼

CWR INDIA 2025

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sanitaryware

oSf'od lsfuVjhos;j vk;kr vkSj fu;kZr WORLD SANITARYWARE EXPORTS AND IMPORTS Luca Baraldi, MECS / Acimac Research Dept. (l.baraldi@mecs.org)

In the period 2010-2023, global import/export flows of ceramic sanitaryware grew by 59.8% from 2.16 million to 3.45 million tonnes, corresponding to a compound annual growth rate of 4%. Following more than a decade of almost uninterrupted growth (the pandemic year 2020 saw the only contraction between 2010 and 2021), global exports of ceramic sanitaryware experienced a second consecutive year of decline in 2023, falling by 5.8% compared to 2022. The downward trend was observed in virtually all areas of production with the sole exception of the NAFTA region, which was sustained by the strong growth of Mexican exports. Asia remained the world’s largest sanitaryware exporter, increasing its share of global exports to 67.6% despite a 4.5% fall to 2.33 million tonnes in 2023. This was a combined result of contractions in China and Thailand, partially offset by higher exports from India, Vietnam and Iran. Exports from the European Union, the world’s second largest exporter, also fell by 16.6% to 433,000 tonnes. The three largest exporting countries in the region – Poland, Germany and Portugal, which alone account for half of EU exports – all recorded declines of around 16%.

TAB. 1 - EXPORTS OF SANITARYWARE BY AREA (TONS) 2010

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

% 23/22

CAGR 23/10

% on 2023 world exports

Asia

1,100,506

1,603,571

1,756,791

1,988,977

2,222,549

2,129,919

2,534,396

2,444,864

2,334,366

-4.5%

6.5%

67.6%

European Union

522,118

583,409

570,549

585,034

541,584

477,931

539,775

519,758

433,459

-16.6%

-1.5%

12.6%

Other Europe

132,132

187,805

203,077

220,127

237,166

246,162

291,352

253,113

199,051

-21.4%

3.5%

5.8%

NAFTA

268,401

368,326

366,973

375,412

365,828

368,508

402,166

284,032

336,158

18.4%

1.9%

9.7%

South America

100,043

80,315

79,513

89,375

86,782

78,814

99,853

84,479

69,362

-17.9%

-3.0%

2.0%

Africa

35,861

71,958

65,933

66,113

75,238

64,574

79,216

79,752

79,769

0.0%

6.9%

2.3%

Oceania

1,960

1,084

411

583

580

315

364

867

902

4.0%

-6.3%

0.0%

-5.8%

4.0%

100.0%

TOTAL WORLD

2,161,021 2,896,468 3,043,247 3,325,621 3,529,727 3,366,223 3,947,122 3,666,865 3,453,066

% var y-o-y

-1.9

5.1

Source: Mecs / Acimac Research dept. on BSRIA and ITC data

CWR INDIA 2025

9.3

6.1

-4.7

17.3

-7.1

-5.8

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sanitaryware

Following the negative performance in 2022, North America (NAFTA) resumed its growth in exports in 2023 with a total of 336,000 tonnes (+18.4%), almost entirely from Mexico (302,000 tonnes, +20%). Exports from non-EU European countries also experienced a severe contraction (-21.4% to 199,000 tonnes), with Turkey down 17.7% (153,000 tonnes), followed by South America (69,000 tonnes, -18%) and Africa, which remained stable at around 80,000 tonnes. A glance at the thirteen-year period as a whole provides a clear picture of how exports have evolved in each area and in particular reveals the growth of Asia, whose exports have more than doubled from 1.1 million to 2.3 million tonnes (CAGR 2023/2010 +6.7%), matching the result achieved in 2019. Asia’s percentage share of global exports has risen from 51% in 2010 to the current figure of 67.6%, winning shares from almost all the other regions. By contrast, the EU’s exports experienced a decline during the period in question (CAGR -1.5%), with their share of world trade falling from 24.2% to 12.6%. The NAFTA region’s share fell from 12.4% to 9.7% despite overall 25% growth in exports since 2010. South America, which in 2010 accounted for 4.6% of world exports, saw its share drop to 2%, while volumes remained stable over the 13-year period. The only exceptions were non-EU European countries and Africa. Non-EU Europe maintained its share of world exports at around 6% over the 13-year period thanks to 50% growth in export volumes, while Africa’s exports grew by 122% over the same period, increasing its share of global trade from 1.7% to 2.3%. The 2023 ranking of the top 10 exporter countries has remained unchanged with respect to 2022.

TAB. 2 - THE TOP EXPORTING COUNTRIES (TONS) 2022

2023

% 23/22

CAGR 23/10

% on 2023 world exports

1,698,152 1,968,003

1,917,768

1,814,565

-5.4%

6.0%

52.5%

335,997

333,366

351,835

251,566

302,380

20.2%

2.4%

8.8%

182,691

199,371

171,698

264,253

251,195

265,110

5.5%

27.0%

7.7%

140,759

154,285

164,809

166,370

203,467

186,656

153,647

-17.7%

4.1%

4.4%

80,323

76,620

78,617

77,470

82,537

91,206

91,397

76,529

-16.3%

1.0%

2.2%

57,189

81,016

86,512

96,067

92,094

87,129

111,703

88,218

72,382

-18.0%

2.0%

2.1%

Germany

63,742

79,124

75,478

81,952

80,382

75,861

88,863

84,735

71,424

-15.7%

1.0%

2.1%

Portugal

75,049

93,891

94,164

101,654

81,574

65,438

82,200

82,012

68,165

-16.9%

-0.8%

2.0%

Vietnam

25,895

35,034

40,457

41,292

52,982

51,986

67,565

57,669

59,698

3.5%

9.7%

1.7%

Iran

19,590

33,962

35,206

46,573

46,469

48,893

52,869

57,865

58,728

1.5%

7.1%

1.7%

-4.1%

5.5%

2010

2016

2017

2018

2019

China

901,962

1,238,558

1,378,951

1,532,833

1,747,579

Mexico

226,569

322,169

326,289

342,666

India

15,076

135,776

137,717

Turkiye

94,354

127,065

Poland

67,572

Thailand

TOTAL % on total world exports

2021

1,546,998 2,226,918 2,392,153 2,658,630 2,878,727 2,781,430 3,281,964 3,069,081 2,942,628 71.6%

76.9%

78.6%

Source: Mecs / Acimac Research dept. on BSRIA and ITC data

2020

CWR INDIA 2025

79.9%

81.6%

82.6%

83.1%

83.7%

85.2%

sanitaryware

China retained the top spot with exports of 1.81 million tonnes (down 5.4% on 2022), alone accounting for 78% of Asian and 52.5% of world exports. Mexico, the second largest exporter with an 8.8% share of global exports, recorded a 20.2% increase to 302,000 tonnes, while India recovered from the 2022 contraction with 5.5% growth to reach 265,000 tonnes. Next came Turkey, Poland, Thailand, Germany and Portugal, all with declines of between 16% and 18%. Vietnam and Iran completed the top 10 with 3.5% and 1.5% increases compared to 2022, respectively. Overall, the 10 largest sanitaryware exporter countries accounted for 85% of global exports.

TAB. 3: IMPORTS OF SANITARYWARE BY AREA (TONS) 2010

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

% 23/22

CAGR 23/10

% on 2023 world imports

Asia

478,338

793,850

833,259

926,612

1,024,457

942,443

1,079,385

1,114,922

1,003,768

-10.0%

5.9%

29.1%

European Union

692,328

812,874

837,139

880,867

913,292

838,875

837,865

769,859

709,482

-7.8%

0.2%

20.5%

Other Europe

96,507

70,806

77,761

90,187

88,302

96,767

242,811

208,220

227,830

9.4%

6.8%

6.6%

NAFTA

620,716

819,097

866,815

948,435

967,417

986,193

1,154,980

989,033

930,967

-5.9%

3.2%

27.0%

South America

119,957

130,758

140,950

145,579

158,335

143,521

217,462

183,174

192,944

5.3%

3.7%

5.6%

Africa

111,952

199,740

221,986

259,390

310,865

288,084

336,648

316,463

323,416

2.2%

8.5%

9.4%

Oceania

41,223

69,343

65,337

74,551

67,059

67,629

77,971

85,194

64,660

-24.1%

3.5%

1.9%

-5.8%

3.7%

100.0%

TOTAL WORLD

2,161,021 2,896,468 3,043,247 3,325,621 3,529,727 3,366,223 3,947,122 3,666,865 3,453,066 -1.9

% var y-o-y

5.1

9.3

6.1

-4.7

17.3

-7.1

-5.8

Source: Mecs / Acimac Research Dept. on BSRIA and ITC data

TAB. 4 - THE TOP IMPORTING COUNTRIES (TON) 2010

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

% 23/22

CAGR 23/10

% on 2023 world imports

USA

500,415

690,500

738,424

811,329

817,904

837,646

954,238

831,538

759,348

-8.7%

3.5%

22.0%

France

107,509

107,421

116,870

125,738

135,313

125,226

150,811

130,060

122,806

-5.6%

0.5%

3.6%

Germany

84,543

147,060

140,282

148,431

150,445

144,325

155,328

149,626

118,988

-20.5%

0.8%

3.4%

United Kingdom

115,108

145,992

151,904

138,454

143,764

119,104

131,784

112,302

113,609

1.2%

0.8%

3.3%

Canada

103,815

108,442

106,137

103,682

107,464

107,013

138,487

108,422

103,977

-4.1%

-0.1%

3.0%

Spain

104,680

93,758

89,036

108,096

104,981

86,835

118,467

103,707

98,572

-5.0%

1.4%

2.9%

Korea Republic of

83,634

147,756

142,706

142,732

142,658

127,185

156,902

141,505

98,111

-30.7%

1.2%

2.8%

Saudi Arabia

33,592

67,918

58,100

51,814

74,034

82,903

70,855

88,086

88,828

0.8%

8.4%

2.6%

Italy

3,866

61,716

63,316

66,391

63,955

61,044

75,137

78,660

73,563

-6.5%

1.6%

2.1%

Philippines

25,667

41,191

39,507

49,829

55,205

49,561

71,708

81,247

73,124

-10.0%

9.1%

2.1%

-9.5%

2.6%

TOTAL % on total world imports

1,219,869 1,611,754 1,646,282 1,746,496 1,795,723 1,740,841 2,023,717 1,825,153 1,650,926 56.4%

55.6%

54.1%

Source: Mecs / Acimac Research dept. on BSRIA and ITC data

CWR INDIA 2025

52.5%

50.9%

51.7%

51.3%

49.8%

47.8%

n sqm 1.7

2.6 bil lio 20.12

5.67

57.43

5.2

12.4

9.4 45.2

7.22

12.85

8.3

6.8

12.55

96.41 17.6

4.1

20.3 billi

on €

17 5.5

9.4

44.85

sqm

l io n .7 bil

world tile consumption in 2028

Indian manufacturing potential

world tile export

From the past to the future . Balance sheets . China & India reports . Prod & Cons in 90 countries . Forecast up to 2028 Custom analysis on request

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frica ,7%

sanitaryware

An analysis of 2023 imports to the various continents not only confirms Asia and North America as the two regions accounting for the majority of sanitaryware imports but also shows that they have relatively similar levels of imported volumes: Asia 1 million tonnes (29% of global imports, down 10% on 2022); North America 931,000 tonnes (27% of global imports, -5.9% on 2022).Trailing at a distance, the EU accounted for 20.5% of global imports with 709,000 tonnes (-8% on 2022). The remaining 23% of world imports were divided between Africa, South America, non-EU European countries and Oceania. The 2023 ranking of the top 10 sanitaryware importing countries saw a number of changes in position compared to

FIG. 1 - SANITARYWARE EXPORTS BY AREA (SHARES IN % - 2010 VS. 2023)

2010

Africa Oceania 1,7% South America 0,1% 4,6%

2010NAFTA

Africa 12,4% Oceania 1,7% South America 4,6% 0,1% Other Europe NAFTA 6,1% Asia 12,4% 50,9% Other Europe 6,1%

2010 2010

Oceania 0,1%

Asia 50,9% Asia 50,9%

Africa 5,2%

9,7%Africa South America 2,3% Other Europe 2,0% 5,8% NAFTA 9,7% European Other Europe Union 5,8% 12,6% European Union 12,6%

European Union 12,6%

FIG. 22010 - SANITARYWARE IMPORTS BY AREA (SHARES IN % - 2010 VS.2023 2023)

Oceania 1,9%

Asia South America 22,1% 5,6% NAFTA 28,7%

European Union 32,0% NAFTA Other Europe 28,7% 4,5% European Union 32,0% Other Europe 4,5%

Asia 67,6% Asia 67,6%

Asia 2010 South America 22,1% 5,6% Africa 5,2%

2023

2023NAFTA

NAFTA 9,7% South America Other Europe 2,0% 5,8% NAFTA 9,7% European Union Other Europe 12,6% 5,8%

European Union 24,2%

2010

2023

Africa 2,3% South America 2,0%

South America 2,0%

Oceania 0,1%

Asia 50,9%

European Union 24,2%

2023

CWR INDIA 2025

Oceania 1,9%

2010

Asia 22,1% Oceania 1,9% Asia 22,1%

European Union 32,0% European Union 32,0%

Africa 9,4% South Africa America 9,4% 5,6%

NAFTA 27,0%

Other Europe 6,6% Other Europe 6,6%

Oceania Africa 1,9% 9,4%

2023 Asia 29,1% South Oceania Africa America 1,9% 9,4% 5,6% Asia 29,1% South America 5,6% NAFTA 27,0% European Union 20,5% NAFTA Other Europe 6,6% 27,0% European Union 20,5% Other Europe 6,6%

2023

South America NAFTA 5,6% 27,0%

2023

sanitaryware

the previous year, as well as the exit of Vietnam and the return of Italy. Overall, the ten largest sanitaryware importers accounted for 47.8% of global sanitaryware imports (1.65 million tonnes). In 2023, the United States was once again the world’s largest sanitaryware importer with 759,000 tonnes (8.7% down on 2022). It retained a strong lead over all other importing countries with 22% of world imports, as well as almost all (82%) of imports to the NAFTA region. This marked the continuation of a longstanding tradition considering that in 2010 the USA imported more than 500,000 tonnes, 23% of world imports. France climbed to second place with imports of almost 123,000 tonnes (-5.6% over 2021), overtaking Germany, whose imports fell by 20.5% to 119,000 tonnes. Next came the UK (113,000 tonnes, +1.2%), followed by Canada, Spain, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, Italy and the Philippines. Germany was the only country to rank among both the top 10 exporters and the top 10 importers of sanitaryware, with higher import than export volumes. One final point of interest is the analysis of the main export destinations with respect to the geographical areas of production. Four out of seven areas sell the vast majority of their exports within their own geographical regions or continents: 96.5% of NAFTA area exports (mainly from Mexico) remain in North America, which essentially means the USA; 84% of South American exports remain in Latin America; 78% of EU exports are sold in EU markets and 64% of Oceania’s exports remain in Oceania. At the other extreme, 83% of exports from non-EU Europe are sold in other regions, particularly the EU (Turkey’s largest export market). Similarly, 77% of African exports are sold outside Africa and 60% of Asian exports are shipped outside the Asian continent, driven by China’s ability to sell its products in almost all areas of the world.

◼

FIG. 3 - EXPORTS INSIDE AND OUTSIDE INTEGRATED AREAS (SAME CONTINENT OF PRODUCTION) - % SHARES 2023

100%

3,5%

21,8%

90%

15,9% 36,1%

80% 70%

59,8%

60%

77,1%

82,7%

50%

96,5%

40%

78,2%

84,1% 63,9%

30% 20%

40,2%

10% 0%

Asia

European Union

Other Europe

Export inside integrated areas

22,9%

17,3%

CWR INDIA 2025

NAFTA

South America

Export outside integrated areas

Africa

Oceania

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THE BIG PLAYERS IN THE SECTOR

Roca Group

Spain

n.a.

Kohler Group

USA

25.0*

17.0*

Geberit Group

TOTO Ltd

2023 Exports %

Country

RAK-Des by RAK Ceramics

Production 2023 (mill. Pcs.)

Group

Capacity in 2023 (mill. Pcs.)

To round off the international trade figures for the sanitaryware sector, we are presenting the key figures for the big players updated to 31 December 2023. Where available we also provide the figures for turnover generated purely from sales of sanitaryware. This allows for a more uniform comparison between large groups which often operate in multiple segments. To provide a more complete picture of group size, we also include total or consolidated turnover. The figures were supplied directly by the companies themselves or in some cases were based on estimates or obtained from public sources.

2023 Total Group turnover (mill. €)

Sanitaryware plants / Location

Main Brands / Companies

24.0

2,057.0 (sanitaryware & other businesses)

79 (total group) Sanitaryware plants in Europe, America, North Africa, Asia

Roca, Laufen, Celite, Incepa, Parryware, Jika, Ying

n.a.

15 in USA, Mexico, Brazil, Morocco, Thailand, India, China, Indonesia, France

Kohler, Jacob Delafon, Sterling, Ann Sacks

Sanitaryware plants in Finland, Sweden, Poland, Germany, Switzerland, France, Portugal, Italy, Ukraine

Geberit

Switzerland

14.5*

11.0*

n.a.

3,338.7 (3,084 mill. CHF) of which 1,003.8 Bathroom

Japan

n.a.

10.6

n.a.

4,507.8 (702.3 bill YEN) (bathroom, tiles, other)

4 in Japan + 12 in China, Taiwan, Indonesia, India, Vietnam, TOTO Thailand, USA, Mexico

n.a.

710.9 (241.9 sanitaryware, 163.8 tiles, 305.2 other activities)

Corona, Mansfield, 2 in Colombia + 3 in Mexico, American Standard, 1 in Guatemala, 1 in Nicaragua, Vortens, Incesa Standard, 1 in USA Ecoline, Ambiance

V&B: 901.9 (579.4 sanitaryware, 319.3 tableware)

Villeroy & Boch has 5 plants in Germany, France, Hungary, Romania, Thailand. The 4 Ideal Standard’s plants acquired in 2024 are in Czech Republic, Bulgaria, UK, Egypt.

Corona

Villeroy & Boch

Colombia

13.5

8.3

Germany

10.0* (estimates in 2024 including Ideal Standard)

8-9* (estimates in 2024 including Ideal Standard)

n.a.

Villeroy & Boch, Gustavsberg/Vatette, Alföldi, Mondial + acquired brands in 2024: Ideal Standard, Armitage Shanks, Porcher

On 18 September 2023 Villeroy & Boch announced the acquisition of Ideal Standard, which was completed on 28 February 2024. The figures for capacity and production are estimated considering the sum of both companies. The turnover on 31/12/2023 refers only to V&B, since Ideal Standard was consolidated as from March 1st 2024. See the article on next page 66 for the updated figures.

Lixil Corporation

Japan

10-12*

8.0*

n.a.

9,154 (sanitaryware & other businesses)

Huida Sanitaryware

China

10.0*

7.0*

n.a.

Arrow

China

8.7*

6.5*

Cersanit

Poland

7.5*

Dexco

Brazil

Eczacibasi VitrA

RAK Ceramics

10 in Japan, China, Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand

American Standard, Lixil, Inax, Grohe, Jaxson

455.9

2 in China

Huida, Dofiny

n.a.

964.0 (474 sanitaryware)

5 in China

Arrow, Faenza, Annwa

n.a.

478.3 (sanitaryware, tiles)

1 in Poland, 1 in Ukraine

Cersanit, Mito

11.3*

5.6*

n.a.

1,411 (sanitaryware, tiles, other businesses)

4 in Brazil

Deca

Turkiye

6.4

4.9

847 (225 sanitaryware, 306 tiles, 221 other activities)

1 in Turkey, 1 in Russia

VitrA

UAE

5.0

4.8

842 (127 sanitaryware, 500 tiles, 215 other activities)

2 in UAE, 3 in India and Bangladesh

RAK Ceramics, Eliesaab

*estimates - Source/Fonte: MECS / Acimac

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Capacity in 2023 (mill. Pcs.)

Production 2023 (mill. Pcs.)

2023 Exports %

sanitaryware

2023 Total Group turnover (mill. €)

Lecico

Egypt

6.7

4.2

141.7 (92.7 sanitaryware, 39.6 tiles, 9.4 other)

Duravit

Germany

4.2

4.0

n.a.

Turkuaz Seramik

Turkiye

3.6

Hindware Limited

India

4.2*

Cera Sanitaryware

India

Ferrum

Group

Country

Sanitaryware plants / Location

Main Brands / Companies

4 in Egypt (incl. Tiles), 1 in Lebanon

Lecico

655.7

3 in Germany, 1 in France, 2 in Egypt, 3 in China, 1 in Tunisia, 1 in India

Duravit

n.a.

2 in Turkey

Turkuaz Seramik, Cerastyle

3.0*

n.a.

264.2

2 in India

Hindware, Queo, Hindware Italian Collection

3.3*

3.0*

n.a.

208.5

1 in India

Cera

Argentina

3.7

2.8

n.a.

146.3 (sanitaryware)

2 in Argentina and Ecuador

Ferrum, FV

Canakcilar Seramik

Turkiye

2.6

n.a.

2 in Turkey

Creavit

ISVEA (ECE Holding)

Turkiye

2.6

2.5

n.a.

2 in Turkey

ISVEA, Ece

Cisa SA

Ecuador

4.5

2.4

86.0 (40 sanitaryware, 6 tiles, 40 other activities)

2 in Ecuador, 1 in Chile

Edesa, Briggs, Fanaloza

Ceramica Cleopatra

Egypt

2.5*

2.4*

n.a.

2 in Egypt

Cleopatra, Eldorado

Saudi Ceramics

Saudi Arabia

3.6*

2.0*

n.a.

317.3 (215.9 tiles and sanitaryware)

2 in Saudi Arabia

Saudi Ceramics

Ceramic Industries

South Africa

2.3*

1.9*

n.a.

2 in South Africa

Betta, Bettabath

SCG Decor Public Co. Ltd Bathroom Business

Thailand

2.3

1.8

144.0 (bathroom business)

2 in Thailand

COTTO

Viglacera

Vietnam

2.2

1.8

538.0 (tiles, sanitaryware, other)

4 in Vietnam, 1 in Cuba

Viglacera, Viglacera Platinum, Sanfi, SanVig

Corporacion Ceramica SA Trebol

Peru

2.6

1.6

6.9

37.8 (24.6 sanitaryware, 13.2 other activities)

1 in Peru

Trebol

Kale Group

Turkiye

1.6

0.8

21.6

268.0 (22.6 sanitaryware, 201.6 tiles, 43.9 other activities)

1 in Turkey

Kale, IDA

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iwjh c‚Mh ij fMftVy ltkoV % çk—frd lkexzh ds iqu% mRiknu esa vxyk dne DIGITAL THROUGH-BODY DECORATION: A STEP FORWARD IN THE REPRODUCTION OF NATURAL MATERIALS Sacmi (Imola, Italy)

In today’s global market, it has become essential to add value and versatility to high-end ceramic products in order to extend their range of applications. Sacmi offers a suite of new technologies and digitally interconnected devices designed to help manufacturers navigate the transition towards ever larger sizes while continuing to explore new product aesthetics. CONTINUA+: POWERFUL, FLEXIBLE AND SMART Continua+ technology is increasingly being chosen by ceramic tile manufacturers looking to enter the large slab segment, or to take advantage of its potentialities to manufacture traditional large sizes like 120x120 and 60x120 cm. With 180 lines installed globally, it stands as the benchmark technology for the production of ceramic slabs and sub-sizes. Expanded in recent years with the introduction of new models, the Continua+ range integrates seamlessly with Sacmi’s digital devices, giving manufacturers the opportunity to explore new and previously unimagined applications of ceramic products with the depth, three-dimensionality and aesthetics of natural materials. One of the biggest advantages of Continua+ is its versatility, allowing it to coordinate seamlessly with other production stages including body preparation, decoration, firing and finishing. Continua+ performs with the same bodies used for traditional presses, therefore it can be connected to the existing

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technology

body preparation line to produce coordinated slabs and sub-sizes with consistent and repeatable quality. Recent projects have adopted both new-generation solutions: the PCR2180 for higher productivity in the most popular sizes and the PCR2120, a smart solution that is gaining traction due to its ability to bridge the gap between slabs and tiles and to optimise production flows in coordination with traditional pressing lines. THROUGH-BODY DIGITAL DECORATION Sacmi’s V-Nature technology introduces a new concept in ceramic aesthetics and applications. The new loading devices available for Continua+ together with the digital synchronisation of all stages allow for a perfect match between the decoration on the surface and through the body of the slab. This approach offers maximum freedom in handling sizes, thicknesses, colours and effects. The digital synchronisation process begins with the original graphic file, followed by controlled powder deposition on the PCR feed belt, and finally surface decoration using Sacmi Deep Digital (DHD and DDG) devices. The result is a consistent, high-quality product that faithfully replicates the effects, three-dimensionality and aesthetics of natural materials such as marble, stone and wood. MARBLE, STONE AND THE CREATIVE LABORATORY Marble is a symbol of timeless elegance, deeply rooted in both classical and contemporary art, architecture and design. Its beauty and authenticity derive from its exquisitely defined and CWR INDIA 2025

harmonious veins. Sacmi’s V-Nature technology masterfully replicates these details on ceramic surfaces in either polished or matt finishes, producing astonishingly realistic results. Marble-effect ceramic surfaces offer a greener alternative by eliminating the environmental damage caused by quarrying. This production method not only protects ecosystems and landscapes but also allows for innovations that outperform natural materials. For instance, Sacmi has developed a unique Nero Alpi marble that replicates the design of natural Verde Alpi in black rather than green. The result is a product that is not found in nature but enhances the elegance of the white veins. Using the same principle of controlled deposition of coloured powders on the Continua+ belt followed by synchronisation with the subsequent digital applications, Sacmi has developed new ceramic products that imitate natural stone. This approach ensures a seamless match between the surface and the body of the slab, enhancing its natural, authentic look. In its laboratory, Sacmi also created a new product called Meteor that stands out for its three-dimensional texture and subtle colour variations on the surface and edges of the slab. This makes it ideally suited for kitchen countertops and rustic tables for both indoor and outdoor use. One of Sacmi’s goals is to create a genuine “creative laboratory” where customers can test their raw materials and experiment with product ideas for marble and stone, as well as wood, concrete and resins. This project has been underway ever since Sacmi unveiled its new devices during Cersaie 2023, and has generated significant interest from the market. FROM SHAPING TO THE KILN: AN ALL-ROUND APPROACH TO THE PRODUCTION OF EVER-LARGER SIZES Sacmi’s offerings for the production of larger ceramic sizes stand out not just for their advances in shaping and the re-

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technology

sulting aesthetic possibilities, but also for their comprehensive approach to plant engineering. One key advance in the production process is the development of kilns with extra-wide entrances, such as the Maestro kiln range. These kilns guarantee uniform firing curves, resulting in consistent product quality and optimised energy consumption. All Maestro kilns are available in configurations specially designed for firing slabs, with a focus on the crucial cooling phase. This makes them a reliable choice for handling today’s popular large tile sizes, as evidenced by the fact that they have been chosen for several projects completed or in progress around the world. Dryers are also being upgraded to accommodate larger tile sizes. In both new designs and upgrades of existing models, special buffer modules are now placed at the exit of the machine. These modules help to avoid large temperature differences between the front and rear ends of the tiles leaving the dryer, reducing the risk of defects and efficiency losses.

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fMftVy fçafVax vxys Lrj ij igqp a h DIGITAL PRINTING GOES TO THE NEXT LEVEL System Ceramics (Fiorano Modenese, Italy)

Innovation is a defining trait of System Ceramics, a Coesia Group member company which is committed to systematically exploring all potential advances in ceramic technology with the aim of providing tile and slab manufacturers with the best process solutions. This commitment to innovation was showcased last September at Tecna in Rimini (Italy) where System Ceramics presented solutions that improve efficiency, precision and aesthetic quality in the pressing, decoration and end-of-line stages. One standout innovation for the end-of-line stage is the new I-GV (Intelligent Guided Vehicle), an autonomous laser-guided vehicle developed entirely in-house and designed to handle loads of any size. Another notable handling solution is Rotostore, a 4+1 automatic robot designed to efficiently load and unload fired material from the production line to loading platforms and vice versa. This high-performance patented machine uses a robotic arm equipped with a double row of suction cups to lift either two rows of tiles simultaneously or a single, heavier row. In the field of digital decoration, this year System Ceramics is presenting two major new versions of Creadigit Infinity, a solution renowned internationally for its unparalleled quality and computing power. The first is Infinity SKY, a solution that takes print quality to the next level and sets new standards in terms of detail and resolution, which are crucial to the quality of the finished tile. A milestone in the history of digital printing, it is an advanced technology platform that is intended to meet the needs of the market for the next 10 years. It is extremely reliable and features a wear-reducing system designed to keep it in optimal condition. Available in two machine configurations, one with 4 and the other with 8 colours, it supports 12- and 16-bar modularity. Both versions are equipped with a pneumatic lifting mechanism complete with a protection system that can be activated when the machine is not in operation. But what really sets Infinity SKY apart is the new self-maintenance process designed to keep the printheads in optimal condition, thereby guaranteeing a longer machine life, extended print activity and high quality performance over its entire lifetime.

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During the lifting phase, an inverted hydraulic recirculation system activates to replace and empty the ink in the tank and to recover the solvent extracted from the deaerator. The inversion circuit is optimised by means of plastic plate closure and activation of ultrasound in both stand-by and production mode, causing any sediment present inside the printheads to disintegrate. This process is also aided by the use of water-based inks, a solution that System Ceramics pioneered in 2016. Finally, in the printing process the transport phase consists of a maximum of three belts: infeed, outfeed and a central belt. This latter belt is always present to ensure efficient and continuous transport during the printing process. The second new version of Creadigit Infinity is Infinity DRY, a new digital grit and powder deposition system that is capable of applying grits and powders to selected points on the tile surface to create multiple versions of digital designs. System Ceramics has once again demonstrated its pioneering vision and further raised the bar for digital decoration by combining digital decorative and grit bars in a single module. This means that dry material can be applied in a single pass, ensuring maximum precision and minimising wastage of material and the presence of impurities in the recirculation process. A major upgrade in the field of digital decoration concerns Digiglaze, the well-known digital glazing machine for energy-efficient glazing of ceramic substrates, which is capable of handling large slab sizes up to 1800 cm. Last but not least, Genesis was back in the spotlight after the presentation of the prototype at Tecna in 2022. Two years later, it is firmly established as a proven and successful solution for full-body three-dimensional decoration, with digital control of the coloured spray-dried powder discharge at the various chosen points on the slab according to the set graphic design.

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Fkz& w osu çHkko dk fodkl THE EVOLUTION OF THE THROUGH-VEIN EFFECT LB (Fiorano Modenese, Italy)

Optimising the aesthetics of full-body decorated tiles and other products, in particular large slabs for worktops and countertops, is one of the main goals of LB’s longstanding technological research. This was highlighted at the recent Tecna 2024 in Rimini, where the company presented two new outstanding solutions. NATURAE, THE EVOLUTION OF THE THROUGH-VEIN EFFECT Naturae technology was developed with the aim of creating through-body aesthetic effects – such as veins and grains – that enhance the ceramic body and establish porcelain stoneware slabs as a viable and cost-effective alternative to marble and natural stone. This technology responds to the ceramic market’s demand for slabs that authentically replicate the aesthetic effects typical of natural stone, such as veins of different sizes, angles and appearances, through the entire thickness. Naturae is a feeder for large slab forming lines capable of creating natural effects by depositing different materials such as body-coloured spray-dried powders, flakes and other materials. The result is an effect that is visible both on the edge and through the entire thickness of the slab. The human-machine interface allows the operator to develop the desired designs in a controlled and random loading mode, including through the acquisition of a graphic file. “The research that led to the development of Naturae be-

Countertop realized with Naturae technology

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technology

3D rendering of Naturae

gan in 2021 with the aim of overcoming the limitations of the previous Naturtech solution, which operated only with powders and not with flakes and was consequently less capable of creating effects and veins,” explains the sales director of LB’s ceramic division Mirco Corbelli. “To complete the research project we collaborated with a major Spanish porcelain tile manufacturer. The company installed the machine in late 2022 together with a technology tower and LB’s triedand-tested powder colouring technology Freestile. The plant was successfully started up in 2023 and the first products launched a few months later.” MULTIPURPOSE, VERSATILE PRODUCTION OF HI-TECH MATERIALS Another feeder for slab forming lines showcased by LB at Tecna 2024 is Multipurpose, a versatile and compact technological solution ideal for ceramic companies wishing to optimise production and obtain multiple, exclusive and high-quality aesthetic effects by applying spray-dried and micronised powders and flakes. Its main characteristic is the fact that a single Multipurpose feeder is able to produce multiple types of effects that previously required the use of different kits. In order to reduce the space required to install each individual kit and eliminate the need for replacement during product changes, a fully automated and modular solution was developed combining the various kits (Rolltech, Flaketech, Chipper) used to create double-loaded products with unique and natural aesthetic effects. Multipurpose is particularly suitable for the production of durable hi-tech materials. It is an innovative and cost-effective solution for the production of double-loaded slabs and other products that also ensures ease of use and compatibility with different shaping technologies. The first machine to be built is currently at an advanced stage of industrial testing. Example of slabs manufactured with Multipurpose technology

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fljsfed L;kfg;ksa dk Lo&mRiknu SELF-PRODUCTION OF CERAMIC INKS Inco (Pavullo, Italy)

Inco offers pigments for ceramic ink production that stand out for their guaranteed high quality, broad colour gamut and low salt content. These pigments can be supplied with different particle size distributions according to customers’ specific needs. In addition, Inco provides expert assistance and grinding recommendations to ensure the production of top-quality ceramic inks while optimising costs and reducing production times. Inco offers the following series of inorganic pigments for ceramic ink production: • ICK: Pigments with a high particle size distribution; • ICD: Pigments with a standard particle size distribution; • ICQ: Pigments with a sub-micronic particle size distribution (photo 1). Inco’s Quick Inorganic Pigments (ICQ) are innovative inorganic pigments with a sub-micronic particle size distribution that approaches that of ceramic inks. These pigments have an average particle size of between 0.7 and 0.9 μm and a true d100 (as measured with a scanning electron microscope) of less than 3 microns, as well as greater uniformity in both particle size and morphology (photo 2). Inco’s sub-micronic Quick Inorganic Pigments for ceramic inks offer numerous advantages:

Ph.1: Particle size distribution of Inco’s pigments

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technology

• 40% reduction in grinding times. • Increased production capacity. • 40% energy savings. • Lower consumption of grinding media. • Superior ink quality in terms of higher colour intensity, reduced sedimentation, greater stability and improved filterability. The Inco Quick Stain pigment line consists of over 30 high-saturation pigments that cover the entire ceramic colour gamut. With more than 30 years of industry expertise, Inco has a deep understanding of the ceramic market and helps its customers select the ideal pigments to create top-quality inks tailored to their specific applications. Staying true to its tradition as “Colour tailors since 1988”, Inco also develops customised shades upon request. Inco’s ink pigments are compatible with any ink and solvent production process, but their performance is further optimised when used in combination with the solvent phase specifically designed by Inco for the self-production of ceramic inks. Choosing Inco’s ink self-production process offers the following advantages: • High-quality results with no expiration concerns. • Cost-effectiveness. • Logistic advantages and reduced warehouse storage requirements. • Full access to expertise, technology and continuous upgrades at no additional cost. • Zero processing losses. • Preservation of certified warranties for digital printheads and machines in use. • Compatibility with any digital printhead or printer on the market. By using Inco’s pigments and solvent phase for inks, manufacturers can produce high-quality ceramic inks while reducing costs and grinding times, thereby increasing the production capacity of their systems.

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vf/kd fVdkÅ vkSj mPp xq.koÙkk okyh fljsfed c‚Mht MORE SUSTAINABLE AND HIGHER QUALITY CERAMIC BODIES Minerali Industriali (Novara, Italy)

Minerali Industriali, a company based in Novara, Italy with a strong national and global presence, is a leading player in the extraction, processing and marketing of raw materials for a range of industrial applications. It operates 27 production units worldwide (12 in Italy, 4 elsewhere in Europe, 1 in Asia, 3 in North Africa and 7 in Central and South America) and employs approximately 650 people, half of whom are based in Italy, alongside several hundred subcontractors. It sold more than 3.5 million tonnes of raw materials in 2023. The ceramic industry is an important market for Minerali Industriali. Its plants in Boca (Novara), Verbania, and Brusnengo (Biella) focus primarily on producing various types of potassium and sodium feldspars, ideal for the production of glazed porcelain stoneware. The company also recently started up two new mixing platforms in Bondeno (Ferrara) and Ravenna. With this flexible infrastructure, Minerali Industriali offers a wide range of clay blends that are sourced from national deposits in Piedmont and Sardinia and from international sites and are ideal for the production of glazed porcelain stoneware, technical porcelain stoneware and large-format slabs. SAVEL C GLASS SANDS One particularly significant innovation developed by the Sasil subsidiary in Brusnengo is Savel C glass, an innovative and sustainable solution. This material, made entirely from 100% post-consumer glass, is recycled by primary recyclers from separate waste collection and processed for integration into the production cycles of the ceramic, brick and glass industries. Sasil’s patented process achieves an overall efficiency of 85%, significantly reducing waste materials, energy consumption in glass production and CO2 emissions. These characteristics make Savel C an ideal fusibility promoter for ceramic bodies used in porcelain stoneware production. It also helps ceramic

Sasil: storage of the Savel C800 product

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Grinding mill at the flotation plant in Orani

technology

View of the Sasil Plant

companies’ products obtain LEED, ECO and GREEN certifications in keeping with their growing commitment to a circular economy. A NEW FLOTATION PLANT IN SARDINIA The technology division has also undergone a series of upgrades. Following months of intensive development work, Minerali Industriali Engineering (MIE) successfully completed testing on the new flotation plant in Orani (Nuoro), operated by its subsidiary Maffei Sarda Silicati (MSS). Launched in early 2023, this project marks a strategic milestone for Minerali Industriali and aims to produce high-quality floated feldspar that meets both domestic and international demand while improving the aesthetics and technical performance of ceramic surfaces. …AND A NEW CLAY DEPOSIT Maffei Sarda Silicati has also acquired a deposit of plastic kaolinitic-illitic clay, ideal for the production of glazed and technical porcelain stoneware. This acquisition represents a significant competitive advantage as it further expands the range of high-quality, high-performance raw materials available to the ceramic sector, ensuring supply continuity and competitiveness in response to the increasing domestic and international demand. Through ongoing investments in technology and resources, Minerali Industriali is reaffirming its commitment to make the ceramic industry ever more environmentally friendly. Its collaborations with Sasil and Maffei Sarda Silicati exemplify this dedication, contributing to the shared objective of a circular economy through the use of recycled raw materials and low environmental-impact production processes.

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Flotation plant in Orani

The Pitzu Rubiu mine in Nurallao

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d‚Lesd % gsoh Dys m|ksx ds fy, vk/kqfudre çkS|ksfxfd;ka COSMEC: CUTTING-EDGE TECHNOLOGIES FOR HEAVY CLAY INDUSTRY Cosmec (Verona – Italy)

The heavy clay industry faces many challenges, first and foremost in improving energy efficiency and reducing production costs. Kilns and dryers play an important role in terms of innovation and optimisation and can also bring about significant improvements in the quality, strength and durability of clay products. With this in mind, Cosmec has invested heavily in research and development with the aim of delivering increasingly efficient and cutting-edge solutions capable of meeting the needs of an ever-changing market. KILN WITH LOW ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Cosmec offers a fully automatic tunnel kiln that boasts stateof-the-art features, including independent low and high temperature flue gas recirculation for energy savings. Automated control systems regulate the temperature and airflow inside the kiln, thereby optimising the firing process and reducing consumption. The use of alternative fuels and heat recovery systems also helps to make the processes more sustainable. All parameters are closely monitored to ensure uniform firing and avoid structural defects on the bricks.

Kiln car blocks

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Robots for setting

VICENZA TYPE DRYER WITH HEAT RECOVERY This dryer was designed to allow uniform and controlled treatment, so as to minimise the risk of deformation and cracks and maximise mechanical resistance during subsequent handling operations. The solution boasts state-of-the-art technology with high-efficiency fans specifically designed for relatively energy-intensive forced ventilation. This guarantees a drying cycle of less than eight hours and, consequently, reduced consumption and higher productivity in smaller spaces. The bricks are arranged in an orderly way within the dryer, where they are exposed to a hot airflow to remove excess moisture. The dryer is equipped with modern technology that allows for precise internal temperature and humidity control, thereby optimising the drying process and reducing production timeframes. In addition, the use of thermal energy recovery systems increases the level of environmental sustainability.

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Wet setting

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ubZ voèkkj.kk okyh gkbMªkfs yd çsl NEW-CONCEPT HYDRAULIC PRESSES Bongioanni Macchine (Fossano - Italy)

Forty-five years have gone by since Bongioanni Macchine unveiled its first hydraulic press – the IP4S – at the exhibition Ceramitec in Munich, transforming the brick and tile industry in the process. Since that momentous launch back in 1979, the company has continued to pursue technological progress in the field of hydraulic presses, leveraging its experience and forming strategic partnerships with leading manufacturers in the sector. This ongoing commitment to innovation culminated in the launch of the ninth-generation IP92 press in May 2024, once again at Ceramitec. COLLABORATIONS WITH BOSCH REXROTH AND SEW Developed in close collaboration with Bosch Rexroth and SEW, the new model has a pressing force of 900 kN and a production capacity of 600 pieces/minute. The machine is designed to ensure not only high efficiency, but also reduced energy consumption. The incorporation of a 22 kW Rexroth variable displacement hydraulic pump significantly reduces the quantity of oil required for operation, thereby improving sustainability standards and reducing operating costs. The use of finite element method (FEM) calculations has further improved the machine’s robustness and longevity. The design incorporates SEW brushless motors for both the 1500 mm diameter table movement and the loading and unloading system, ensuring precise and reliable piece positioning. The press is also equipped with a fall prevention safety system for the loader, deburrer and compressor, thereby improving safety during operation. The configuration of the new press allows for a high degree of operational flexibility, with the possibility of setting single or double stroke pressing and a mould pack height of 350 mm. The hydraulic stroke can be varied up to 400 mm depending on the type of mould used, whether rubber, plaster or metal. This ensures excellent adaptability to different types of production, while maintaining the quality and integrity of the finished pieces. MORE THAN JUST A PRESS The IP92 Hydromatic press is a modern, compact and fully integrated automated system that is ideal for installation in robotic production lines. This makes it a highly flexible solution that sets new standards in the hydraulic press sector and is ideal for companies looking to maximise efficiency and minimise downtime.

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INVESTING IN INNOVATION To drive technological innovation and increase operational efficiency, it is crucial to adopt the most advanced equipment. In line with this strategy, Bongioanni Macchine has installed a new Mazak Integrex E1600V/10 5-axis vertical machining centre at its Fossano plant as part of the ongoing Industry 4.0 investment plan initiated in 2022. Renowned for its precision and reliability, the Mazak machining centre was chosen for its innovative features including advanced connectivity, real-time data analysis and the ability to communicate with other machines and systems within the factory. This enables Bongioanni to constantly monitor performance, rapidly identify problems and optimise production. Industry 4.0 compatibility brings numerous operational benefits. The ability to collect and analyse data in real time allows for predictive maintenance, reducing downtime and improving tool lifetime. In addition, advanced automation and integration with company management systems allow for greater flexibility and production customisation, resulting in a rapid response to customer needs and market trends. With this new installation, Bongioanni is able to offer higher quality products with shorter delivery times, reaffirming its commitment to remain at the leading edge of the industry. The investment was made using funds supplied by Invitalia under the Sustainable Investments 4.0 programme promoted by the Italian Ministry of Economic Development.

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