Alan Tim Dzhibilov Shapkin
NANONANO Science Research center. Work spaces organisation strategies.
Hochschule Anhalt, University of applied science. Dessau International Architecture graduate school Master thesis SS 2016
STUDIO: Working spaces of 21st century. Material performance Thesis project by: Alan Dzhibilov & Tim Shapkin First adviser: Prof. Krassimir Krastev Second adviser: Eric Helter
ABSTRACT
The project aims to improve the workflow of the design of complex typologies of the buildings as working facilities. Taking nanotechnology science branch and the typology of the science research center as complex, highly equipped facilities with a certain frequency of changes during the period of use. We propose evolutionary vision of the building structure as new typology. Merging two necessary aspects of the building, bearing structure and technical service system into one complex system in the very beginning of the design process. Thus we oppose our project to the traditional design approach with total separation of structural framework of the building and utility services. The project contains some design strategies based on systems taken from natural world. The strategies combined together makes architecture more harmonious and balanced. They solve not only structural and service issues, but also consider the matter of evolution and adaptability in a world of constantly changing requirements.
CONTENT 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................
8
1.1 The site ...........................................................................................................................
10
2.0 SUPPOSITIONS ............................................................................................................
12
2.1 Study of the existing lab facilities .....................................................................................
16
2.2 Analysis of the conventional design process ...................................................................
18
3.0 HYPOTHESIS ................................................................................................................
20
3.1 Integration of the services supply systems within the bearing structure of the building .........
21
3.2 Examples of integrated systems in the Nature .................................................................
22
4.0 PHYSICAL EXPERIMENTS ...........................................................................................
26
5.0 DIGITAL EXPERIMENTS ...............................................................................................
40
6.0 PROPOSAL ...................................................................................................................
44
6.1 Masterplan.......................................................................................................................
45
6.2 Diagrams. Funktional scenario, structural elements .........................................................
46
6.3 Evolution of the building during the time ..........................................................................
48
6.4 Section 1-1 .....................................................................................................................
50
6.5 Details ............................................................................................................................
58
6.6 Visualizations ..................................................................................................................
64
7
1.0 INTRODUCTION The Studio agenda “Work Spaces of the 21st century” requires to choose most challenging field of industry for the potential project. The crucial properties for a modern work spaces are: repurposing, flexibility and adaptability. Building once designed with perfect facilities for the distinct work purpose is not suitable anymore for the changed forms of the use and operation technologies, after certain period of time. Research centers in this terms can be called one of the fastest developed field with highest requirements for renovation of work spaces and facilities. Another challenge is to see how the architecture reflects research processes in the body or in space. We took nano-scale science branch because last years it’s achievements influence big-scale architectural world more and more. Invisible affects visible. There are a lot of existing nanotech science centers around the world, even more is under construction. In our home country nanotech labs are chaotically dispersed among the universities and science parks. There is no centralized nanotech cluster in Russia, with world class facilities and open for public. The topic is especially relevant for the country which claims to be more independent from resource-based economy investing in science.
8
Nanotech research front had exploding growth last decade. Quantity of nanoscale R&D’s increases year to year exponentially. This fact requires from new research centers not only quantitative characteristics, but more important qualitative. The nanoscale science goes more specific and more interdisciplinary. Nanoscience unites generally chemistry, physics, biology, medicine and engineering. Some statistics: There were more than 31 000 patent applications in the field of nanotechnology published in in 2013. About 10 million nano-related gobs were created until 2014. It is projected that the production of nanoparticles will increase from 2,300 tons (2010) to 58,000 tons in 2020. Impermanence of technology pushes architects to find new ways of designing. It’s not surprise that such a rapidly growing and changing science demands flexible and adaptable research space. It is kind of universal goal for labs in recent years. Components that contribute to flexibility include lab casework systems and utility connections, zoning specific areas of a building and programming. So with the knowledge of such complex requirements of modern research labs the flexibility issue becomes more questionable.
9
The site
The ‘Innovation City’ of Skolkovo The Skolkovo Innovation Center is a high technology business area that was planned to be built at Skolkovo near Moscow, Russia.[1][2][3] The site aimed to be a highly modern complex created to encourage science and technology companies. Although historically Russia has been successful with development of science and technology, its lack of entrepreneur spirit led to government intervention of patents and nonproliferation of Russian tech companies beyond the scope of regional service. This site was theoretically tasked with not only the development of technology start-ups but also marketing them correctly. As corporations and individuals were to become “residents” of the city, proposed projects and ideas would receive financial assistance. Companies such as Intel, Siemens, and most recently Samsung are investing in projects based in Moscow as that city’s emerging tech cluster gains ground and global investment.
10
“Skolkovo is not only important for Russia, it is even more important for the global scientific cooperation and that community. We were one of the first companies to invest in Russia and we are committed to continuing that support. “We expect 10,000 new jobs to have been created by the end of 2013 as we build use innovative networks to create an impressive infrastructure,”. http://sk.ru/foundation/
11
Skolkovo Masterplan
12
13
2.0 SUPPOSITIONS Every high class laboratory is a complex system with very specific facilities. This is a high tech device where every square meter has its own specific purpose. Different sorts of equipment (measuring, synthesizing, maintenance equipment), utility communications (water, gas, electricity, conditioning, etc.), clean rooms, low vibration rooms - there are countless requirements for designers. Complexity of the research center facilities can be simplified by uniting all the main requirements in general groups. Technical communications supply, quality of designed space (isolation, equipment etc.) and relation with nearly based facilities within the boundaries of the complex are main quantities to evaluate the suitability of every partition of the research center. After all, during the time, even perfectly designed and organized facilities going to be out of the use, because of fast changes of technologies, demands of research, new requirements etc. It all happens in average during 10-15 years, and this time range becomes even less within the rapidly development of science and technologies. Thus the parameter of flexibility should be applied within the certain range of the needs. Concerning strategies for the flexibility in architecture We can have a try to split all of them in three approaches, with short overview. Paradoxically to keep every flexible system alive it must have unchangeable basis. 14
Every approach varies by disposition of changeable and unchangeable parts of the building. One of the approaches in a big scale architecture is called Metabolism, which has been intensively investigated in 60th and 70th. The very reason why metabolism is not used everywhere is main disadvantage: users are more conservative and inert than the proposed system assumes. Another disadvantage is excessive duplication of services: insulation, utility communication, ect. which always increase the costs. Second and most popular way is establishing flexibility within isolated from precipitation and temperatures basis. Comfortable space enables flexibility within the certain boundaries. Main disadvantage of the approach is necessity of the space maintenance (heating, air conditioning, cleaning) even if it’s empty or currently out of use. The most eloquent example of the approach is Centre Pompidou in Paris designed by R. Rogers and R. Piano. Since 1977 the building fascinated visitors by architectural clarity and transparency, by the integration of public and private spaces and a commitment to flexible floor plans that respond to the ever-changing demands of users. The main feature is the absence of obstacles on the floorplans:
Nanoscale laboratory requirements
15
All vertical connections are run along the east and west sides of the building. Corridors, ducts, fire stairs, escalators, lifts, columns and bracing, which normally interrupt floor spaces, are exposed on the outside. The building is inside out, making it both technically easier to adapt, clip on or remove components, and giving the building scale, transparency and movement. All partitions in the superstructure are of dry construction and movable. Reyner Banham, John Partridge 1977 May: The Pompidou Centre, The “Pompodolium� The third approach is to turn basis itself as a changing and responsive system. Everything could be changed: structure or space. Changing potential in the system lies within material or structural properties. This approach destroys established canons of architecture, which was perceived as monumental art for centuries. Examples are mobile structures, environmentally responsive shells, self-repairing materials. Important to notice that the larger part of the system still remains inflexible (bearing framework, mechanical drives, sensors, etc.) that allows to operate the other movable part.
16
Every system described above has pros and contras. Would it possible to take advantages of each one and bring them into symbiosis? To take freedom of metabolism within comfortable conditions of isolated boundaries and use material responsive to the users demand as well. Would it be possible to raise flexibility on the next level? Sounds like a Pompidou proposal of 21th century.
Cleanroom facility diagram
17
Study of the existing lab facilities Stanford Nanofabrication Facility, Stanford
18
Relation of the areas in reference Nano laboratories
19
Analysis of the conventional design process According to contemporary requirements for the lab facilities, 40-50% of the building area is captured for the technical services and communications. As the technical facilities plays a huge role in building design, we study the processes of organisation for the multiple technical services.
Engineering of the bearing structure of the building.
Engineering of the technical services of the building.
20
Potential problems on construction site
Clashes of the Technical services and the bearing structure
Additional offset, to skirt the obstacles of the bearing structure
The services network is always restricted by load bearing structure.
Occupies a lot of space, big range of layering and distances.
21
3.0 HYPOTHESIS Workspace today is highly equipped facility, which is always supplied with large amount of services. We cannot accept anymore, purposed workspace without certain inner conditions, as a controlled microclimate and environment, which are provided throughout services of the building. Especially demanding are lab facilities. We can assume that technically, the purposed building can be represented as two general units working together. First, we call space-making unit, which is including all the constriction parts of the building, as walls, columns, celling, floors and so on. Second unit is utilities and includes great range of services of the building. It is impossible to create proper facilities without one of the listed above units, they are always applied together. Such a conclusion, pushes us to consider both of units as one complex system, merging them together from the very beginning of the design process. This is contradict traditional attitude of design, with total technical separation of construction part of building and services. But if we look to the nature with the intention to find naturally build systems, both providing the supply of all necessary elements (analog of service communications in the building) and providing load-bearing capacity (analog of constructions in the building), we would find fascinating capability to merge this two aspects into harmoniously build system. 22
Such examples can be found during structural analyses of the tree’s trunk, tree’s leafs, even in human’s bones and many other examples. The project attempts to learn from the nature, not to build bionic look-like shape, but rather to look into structures, learn mechanisms by which system build of. Attempt to generate simple methods throughout the intricate application of materials, which can be possibly done with progressive achievements of Nano science.
General vision of the possible options Curvilinear structure is integrated into the skin of the building. The system perform as interrelated network.
The pipes structure independent from building envelope. The structure is curvilinear.
The pipes structure integrated into the skin of the building. The structural elements are straight and filleted on the corners. The angles are not restricted.
The pipes structure integrated into the skin of the building. The structural elements are straight and filleted on the corners. The angles are restricted by 90 degree.
23
Integration of the services supply systems within the bearing structure of the building Conventional method Advantages: -easy to install and repair
Disadvantages: -occupies a lot of space -additional offset in order to avoid the obstacles (beams,columns etc.) -often it is designed separatly with the building structure which leads to mistakes or inaccuracy
Services
Bearing structure
Merged structure
Advantages: -minimizes the overall size of spatial structure -minimize the material demand of the structure 24
Disadvantages: -complex design and construction process -fire safery issue -local repairs issue
Examples of integrated, multifunctional structures in the Nature
25
Examples of integrated systems in the Nature Study of the tree trunk structure
Vessels 80% of transportation function
Fiber, vertical orientation 15% of transportation function 26
Fiber, horizontal orientation 5% of transportation function
Visualization of the transportation process in tree branch
Start
27
1 hour
2 hours
4 hours
6 hours
8 hours
4.0 PHYSICAL EXPERIMENTS
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
5.0 DIGITAL EXPERIMENTS The experiment involves principal stress analysis. The system calculates displacement of each node between the load elements and supports. The nodes with high indexes of displacement will have high level of the principal stress in spatial structure. This knowledge allows to predict the distribution of loads from the loads elements to the supports. The zones with high level of principal stress are taken as preferable for the designed bearing structure. In this way, the structure will always follow predefined zones and adapt to the distribution of loads, which makes the structure more efficient. The idea to integrate the services supply elements into bearing structure demands additional analyses of the overall structure. We are using the “shortest walk� algorithm to achieve the possible shortest path from source to the destination for the certain service within the predefined zones.
42
01. Representation of voids with loads towards the supports
03. Isosurface through the most stressed regions
02. The field of principal stress with density representation
05. The network of lines for the shortest path algorithm
04. Points grid within the most stressed regions
06. Supply of the spaces with technical services and bearing structure.
43
Structural analysis of the overall bearing structure To evaluate the resulting structure, we applied structural analyses. The structure can be tested for the loads and the analyses shows deflection, tortion of the elements as well as stress lines along the structure. The tension stress lines pattern can be applyed to efficiently reinforce the pipes walls.
Structural analysis, Deflection
44
Stress lines, tension and compression stresses along the structure.
Structural analysis, Stress lines
45
Skolkovo Masterplan, district Z1
46
6.0 PROPOSAL General functional zoning of the building Table of fuctional division
47
Relation of areas
Diagrams. Functional scenario, structural elements
Conventional building. Obsolete facilities couldn’t be replaced without affecting the neighbour cells.
The building with independent volumes with the buffer spaces in between. Every obsolete facility could be removed or replaced.
48
Diagrams. Functional scenario, structural elements Functional zoning
generic labs
cleanroom facilities
Service & Structure network
49
Public spaces
meeting rooms
visitors centre
conference&discussion
entryway
chill room
Wrapping shell
50
atriumc
anteen&cafe
Facilities renewal
New wrapping shell
51
Section 1-1
A
52
B
C
D
53
Section 1-1 (A, B)
54
55
56
Section 1-1 (C, D)
57
Detail, Bearing element
58
59
Detail, structure of the skin
60
61
Detail, structure pipes
62
63
Interior view. Atrium
64
65
Interior view. Passages between laboratories
66
67
Interior view. Laboratory
68
69
Exterior view
70
71
72