Bulletin Paradarsi December, 2016 by TINEPAL

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i6frf/ ;fdflhs dxf/f]usf ?kdf b]vfk/]sf] 5 . o;n] g]kfn nufot ljZjsf clwsf+z /fi6«nfO{ ufFHb} cfPsf] 5 . To;df klg ul/a /fi6«df o;sf] c;/ k|lts"n x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf e|i6frf/ lj/f]wL ljleGg lgsfon] cfkm\gf] e"ldsf ;lqmo agfpg cfjZos x'G5 t/ /fhgLlts OR5fzlQmsf] cefj cflb sf/0fn] o:tf] e"ldsfdf k|Zg p7\g] u5{ . o;}n] ubf{ ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf] r':ttf, b'?:ttf / kf/blz{tfdf k|Zg p7\5 .

e|i6frf/ lj/f]wL ljleGg lgsfon] cfkm\gf] e"ldsf ;lqmo agfpg cfjZos x'G5 t/ /fhgLlts OR5fzlQmsf] cefj cflb sf/0fn] o:tf] e"ldsfdf k|Zg p7\g] u5{ . o;}n] ubf{ ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf] r':ttf, b'?:ttf / kf/blz{tfdf k|Zg p7\5 . ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf cfpg] o:tf ljifoj:t'nfO{ ;do–;dodf cWoog–cg';Gwfg ug'{ cfjZos b]lvPsf] xf] . o:tf cWoog–cg';Gwfgn] ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf If]qdf ljBdfg cj:yfnfO{ lrq0f dfq ug]{ x}g cfufdL lbgx?sf] k|fyldstfnfO{ ;d]t :ki6 ub{5 . To;}

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s'/fnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ 6«fGk/]G;L OG6/g]zgnn] cfkm\gf sfo{qmd ePsf gf} j6f lhNnfx? -l;/fxf, /f}tx6, eQmk'/, ?kGb]xL, afUn'ª, afFs], bfª, bfr'{nf / bf]nvf_ df ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf] cj:yfsf af/]df cWoog u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] cWoogsf] d"n p2]Zo pk/f]St plNnlvt lhNnfx?sf] ;/sf/L lgsfodf x'g] ;]jf k|jfxsf If]qdf hgdfg;df /x]sf] wf/0ff / cg'ejsf] d"Nofª\sg÷/]vfª\sg ug'{ xf] / cWoogaf6 k|fKt d'Vo kl/0ffdnfO{ utjif{sf] o:t} cWoog;Fu t'ngf ug'{ lyof] . k|:t't cWoog ;]jf k|jfx;Fu ;DalGwt !@ If]qdf s]lGb|t /x]sf] lyof] . oL If]qx?df dfnkf]t sfof{no, lhNnf k|zf;g, ;/sf/L c:ktfn÷:jf:Yo s]Gb|, lhNnf k|x/L, oftfoft Joj:yf sfof{no, gfkL sfof{no, gu/kflnsf÷uflj;÷lhlj;, ljB't\ k|flws/0f, vfg]kfgL sfof{no, s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, /fh:j tyf s/ sfof{no, lhNnf lzIff sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no /x]sf 5g\ . cWoogsf qmddf tLg lhNnfdf ljifout cWoog / gf} lhNnfdf j:t'ut cWoog ul/Psf] lyof] . cWoogsf nflu ;DalGwt lhNnfsf sfof{nox?df uP/ ;]jfu|fxL tyf ;]jf k|bfos sfof{nodf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf] lyof] . kl/df0ffTds cWoogsf nflu k/ldl;jn O// -q'6L_ nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ cfpg] pQ/bftf ;+Vof @@)% 3/w'/Lsf] ;j]{If0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

k|ltj]bg pQ/bftfx?dWo] #! k|ltzt dlxnf / afFsL k'?if lyP . pQ/bftfsf] b[li6sf]0fdf lemgf]?kdf e|i6frf/sf] cj:yfdf sdL cfPsf] lyof] . o;sf] sf/0f pQ/bftfdf r]tgfj[l4 lyof] . o;f] eP klg w]/}h;f] pQ/bftfn] cem} klg ;/sf/L ;]jf, ck]Iff u/]cg'?k gePsf] pNn]v u/] . o; ;DaGwdf u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfn] sfo{qmdx? rnfpFb} cfPsf] kfOP klg To:tf sfo{qmd w]/} k|efjsf/L gePsf] ;]jfu|fxLsf] a'emfO{ 5 . pQ/bftfx? a9L ;]jf lng uPsf sfof{nox?df ljB't\, gu/kflnsf, c:ktfn / dfnkf]t sfof{no lyP / oL sfof{nox?df g} ;a}eGbf a9L ;d:of ef]u]sf lyP . o;df klg ;a}eGbf l9nfO{ x'g] sfof{nox? Dfnkf]t sfof{no / gu/kflnsf /x]sf] cWoogn] b]vfpF5 . b'j} sfof{nox?df sfd l56f] ;Sgs} nflu tf]lsPsf] ;/sf/L b:t'/eGbf a9L a'emfOPsf] pQ/bftfn] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . s]xL pQ/bftfx?n] c:ktfndf egf{ kfpg / lgMz'Ns kf7\ok':ts kfpg klg cltl/Qm z'Ns lt/]sf] pNn]v u/]sf lyP . o;f] x'Fbfx'Fb} klg ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf ePsf] ;]jfu|fxLsf] ;Gt'li6sf] b/ utjif{ eGbf lemgf]?kdf a9]sf] b]lvG5 tfklg ;]jfu|fxLsf] ;Gt'li6 a9fpg cem} w]/} k|oTgx? cfjZos 5 . hlt;'s} ;d:of ef]u] klg ;]jfu|fxLdWo] w]/} h;f]n] ph'/L ub}{ gu/]sf] b]lvof] . ph'/L u/]sfx?dWo] klg w]/}h;f] ph'/L dflyNnf ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?df ph'/L u/]sf] / To;dWo] s]xL lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no;Dd k'u]sf] b]lvof] . ph'/L ul/xfn] klg w]/}h;f] pQ/bftfx?sf] ph'/Ldf ;'g'jfO{ ePg . To;} u/L cWoogsf qmddf Ps ltxfOeGbf a9L pQ/bftfx?n] sxfF–s;/L ph'/L bftf{ ug'{k5{ eGg] klg yfxf gePsf] pNn]v u/] . w]/} pQ/bftfx?sf] eljiodf ph'/L btf{ ug]{ cle?rL /x]sf] 5 . To;sf nflu cem} cfTdljZjf; a9fpg] r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd cjnDag ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] af/]df ul/Psf] ljz]if cWoogn] pQ/btfsf] cfwfeGbf 7"nf] lx:;f ;"rgf k|jfx ePsf] ljifodf hfgsf/ gePsf] kfOof] . To;df klg pQ/bftfsf] lx:;f gu/kflnsf÷lhlj;÷uflj;df cfof]hgf x'g] v'nf

5nkmnaf/] hfgsf/ gx'g'n] o; ;DaGwdf tTsfn s]xL sbd lng cfjZos b]lvG5 . :yfgLo ;/sf/af6 ljlgof]hg x'g] ah]6af/]sf] v'nf 5nkmndf cem} w]/} ;]jfu|fxL ;xefuL x'g g;Sg', ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ ePsf] yfxf gkfpg'af6n] :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 o; ;DaGwdf cem} w]/} sfd ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . o;}u/L, ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf s]xL lzIfsx? ljBfnodf cem} clgoldt x'g] u/]sf] pQ/bftfn] atfPsf 5g\ . o;}u/L sltko cj:yfdf cfkm\gf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] lzIfsx?af6 ;dfg Jojxf/ gkfPsf], ;dodf k/LIffkmn k|sfzg gePsf], kf7\ok':ts gkfPsf] nufotsf ljifo pQ/bftfaf6

:yfgLo ;/sf/sf] af/]df ul/Psf] ljz]if cWoogn] pQ/btfsf] cfwfeGbf 7"nf] lx:;f ;"rgf k|jfx ePsf] ljifodf hfgsf/ gePsf] kfOof] . To;df klg pQ/bftfsf] lx:;f gu/kflnsf÷lhlj;÷uflj;df cfof]hgf x'g] v'nf 5nkmnaf/] hfgsf/ gx'g'n] o; ;DaGwdf tTsfn s]xL sbd lng cfjZos b]lvG5 . cfPsf] lyof] . cWoogsf qmddf oL pNn]lvt w]/} ljifodf /fhgLlts bn / sd{rf/LtGq hf]l8Psf] pQ/bftfsf] a'emfO 5 . o;}u/L, :yfgLo:t/df /x]sf gful/s ;dfh / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf kIfsf] hfu?stfdf klg pQ/bftfn] hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . ;du|df eGg] xf] eg] o; cWoogn] gful/s r]tgfsf] :t/ j[l4 x'Fb} uPsf] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . o;}sf sf/0f ;]jf lngsf nflu pgLx?df cfTdljZjf; ;d]t a9]sf] b]lvG5 . tyflk, sd{rf/LtGq / /fhgLlts bnn] cfkm\gf] e"ldsfnfO{ cem k|efjsf/L agfpg cfjZos b]lvG5 .9 -8f= e§/fO{ ;fj{hlgs ;]jf;DaGwL cWoogsf] d'Vo cg';Gwfgstf{ x'g\ ._

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k[i7e"ld …e|i6frf/Ú zAbsf] zflAbs cy{ g/fd|f], lalu|Psf] cyjf b'lift cfr/0f xf] . ;ª\lIfKtdf, e|i6frf/ eGgfn] JolQmut kmfObfsf nflu ;fj{hlgs kbsf] b'?kof]u eGg] a'lemG5, h;nfO{ /fi6«;+3, 8flg8f, ljZj a}+s, Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+s, o"/f]k]nL kl/ifb\h:tf låkIfLo tyf ax'kIfLo ;+:yfx?n] klg c+uLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ . cln v'nf / ;/n ;Gbe{df lng] xf] eg] e|i6frf/ zAbn] s'g} klg kbsf] clwsf/ k|fKt u/]sf] JolQmn] cfkm\gf] kbn] lbPcg';f/ ug'{kg]{ sfd gu/]sf] cyjf gug'{kg]{ sfd u/]sf] cj:yfnfO{ ;d]t a'emfpF5 . k|:t't n]vdf o;} lj:t[t cy{nfO{ cfwf/ lnOPsf] 5 . cfw'lgs ;dfhsf ljleGg ;d:ofx?df uGtL x'g] ul/aL, a]/f]huf/L, g}lts d"No–dfGotfx?sf] x|f;, /f]u–JofwL, b'Jo{;g, 5'jf5"t, jftfj/0fLo x|f;h:t} e|i6frf/ klg Ps k|d'v ;d:ofdf uGtL x'G5 . tLdWo] sltko ;d:ofx? e|i6frf/sf] pTklQsf ;|f]t dflgG5g\ . s]xL rflxF e|i6frf/sf c;/x? dflgG5g\ eg] s]xL rflxF e|i6frf/sf bf}+t/L . ;dfh lgdf{0fsf] cf/Deb]lv g} e|i6frf/sf] cf/De ePsf] eP klg To;sf] Jofkstf / c;/ eg] cfhsf] ;dfhdf sxfnLnfUbf] cj:yfdf 5 . ljsl;t jf cljsl;t ;a} d'n'sx?df o;sf]

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b"ef{Uok"0f{ pkl:ylt eP klg ljleGg sf/0fx?n] ubf{ ljsl;t d'n'sx?sf] t'ngfdf cljsl;t d'n'sx?df of] a9L Jofks / eofgs cj:yfdf /x]sf] s'/f ;j{ljlbt g} 5 . t'ngfTds b[li6M b]zb]lv pkdxfb]z;Dd ljZjJofkL ;d:of …e|i6frf/Ú sf] rrf{ ubf{, …e|i6frf/sf sf/0f dfgj ;d'bfodf kg]{ uDeL/ gsf/fTds k|efj Go"gLs/0f ug{ ljZjJofkL?kdf gful/sx?sf] ;~hfn kl/rfng ug]{ -Ps k|d'v_ gful/s ;+:yfÚ …6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgnÚ sf] k|;Ë clgjfo{ cfpFb5 . pQm ;+:yfn] x/]s jif{ k|sfzg ug]{ e|i6frf/ cjwf/0ff ;"rsf+s (Corruption Perception Index) sf] @)!% ;+:s/0f;Ddn] b]vfPsf] glthf ;f/f+zdf tn k|:t't ul/G5 M dflysf] tflnsfaf6 s] b]lvG5 eg] blIf0f Pl;ofnL pkdxfb]zleqs} cWoogleqsf] ;a}eGbf ;fgf] d'n's eP klg e'6fg e|i6frf/sf] ;Gbe{df ;a}eGbf /fd|f] l:ylt 5, / yk k|ulttk{m pGd'v 5 . To:t}, ;a}eGbf 7"nf] d'n's ef/t t];|f] l:yltdf 5 / of] klg ;'wf/f]Gd'v g} 5 . t/, g]kfnsf] l:ylt eg] c:jefljs?kn] rf}yf] 5 / k|ult cwf]ultpGd'v 5 . g]kfns} xf/fxf/Lsf] kfls:tfgsf] cj:yf eg] sdhf]/ eP klg lg/Gt/ ;'wf/f]Gd'v 5 .

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o; ;j]{If0fsf] l;nl;nfdf dflNbE; ;dfj]z gePsfn] k|fKtf° pknAw gePsf] xf] . To:t}, ljZjJofkL ;/b/sf] tYof+s klg @)!@ / @)!# sf] nflu pknAw gePsf] .

jt{dfg xfd|f] lk+9Lsf ljBfyL{x?n] :s"n / sn]hsf k':tsx?df w]/} k9\of}+, …/f0ff zf;g ktg x'gfsf sf/0fx?Ú To;kl5 b}lgs hLjgdf w]/} k9\of}+–ef]Uof}+— 7"nf–7"nf /fhgLlts kl/jt{gx?, xs / clwsf/sf r]tgf nx/x?, / kfof}+ w]/} pknlAwx? / ;fydf 7"nf cfZjf;gx? . oL ;a} nfex?sf ;fydf xfd|f] d'n'sn] e|i6frf/sf] xfgL klg 7"n} kfO/x]sf] tLtf] oyfy{ 5 . cfhsf] lbg;Dddf xfd|f] d'n'sdf e|i6frf/ olt Jofks e};s]sf] 5 ls xfd|f] nflu e|i6frf/sf] cy{ klg ;fF3'l/Fb} uPsf] efg x'G5 . kmn:j?k cIfDo e|i6frf/hGo lqmofsnfkx?, h:t}M ldn]dtf]df 7]Ssf– k§f xTofpg], l;l08s]6df oftfoft ;~rfng x'g], dfkb08eGbf a9L htL{, Hofnf / d"Nodf ;"gsf] sf/f]af/ x'g], cflbh:tf s"–k|j[lQx? klg xfd|f] nflu e|i6frf/ x'g 5f8]/ ;fdfGo / :jLsfo{ e};s]sf 5g\— cfd–hgtfsf] hLjgk4ltdf . ;/sf/L / Jofkfl/s kf6f]df gful/sx?sf] b}lgs hLjgsf] s'/fnfO{ Psl5g /f]sf}+, r]tgzLn ;fdflhs ;+3–;+:yfx?sf] Jojxf/ klg lg/Gt/ v:sFbf] 5. Psflt/ ;/sf/ k'Ug g;s]sf] 7fpFx?df k'u]/ ;/sf/n] lbg g;s]sf] ;]jf / r]tgf k|jfx u/]/ u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] d'n'ssf] ;+ul7t gful/ssf] st{Jo ;xL?kdf lgjf{x ul//x]sf 5g\ eg] csf{lt/ ;|f]tsf d'xfgx?df l5b| agfpFb} cyjf ePsf

l5b|x?sf] unt kmfObf p7fO/x]sf 5g\ . cfd– hgtfdf k'¥ofpg'kg]{ ;xof]usf] cfsl:dstf, bft[ ;+:yfx?sf] a'emfO{sf] sdL, ;/sf/L cg'udgsf] sdhf]/L, ;+:yfx?sf] dlng pQ/bfloTj–jxgtf / nlIft t/ clzlIft ;d"xx?sf] c1fgtfh:tf lj;Ëltx?sf] wldnf] kfgLdf :yfgLo u};;+x?dfq xf]Og, cGt/f{li6«o u};;+x?n] klg lgoldt?kdf 7"nf– 7"nf df5f dfg]{ EofO/x]sf 5g\ . o:tf u};;+x?sf] hdftdf s]xL a'xkIfLo ;+u7gx? klg ldl;O/x]sf 5g\ . ;'zf;g / gful/s r]tgf k|j4{gs} If]qdf ljsf;] sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjog ug]{ :yfgLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o u};;+x? klg o; cy{df ;fx|} rf]vf t 5}gg\ . o; tYon] xfd|f] d'n'sdf ljsf;] sfo{stf{ tyf ;+:yfx?df klg e|i6frf/ o;/L df}nfPsf] cg'e"lt x'G5, / o;n] d'n'ssf] ljsf;sf ;fe]mbf/ ;a}nfO{ b'MvL t'NofO/x]sf] 5 . hgtfn] ck]Iff u/]sf] ;bfrfl/tf;lxtsf] ljsf;sf] Go"gtd prfO{ k'Ug g;s]sf] o; b'Mvb\ k[i7e"lddf hgtfdfem k'u]sf sfo{qmdx?sf] ldtJolotf, k|efjsfl/tf / kf/blz{tfsf] yk prfO{sf] ljifo t ;j{yf 5fofFdf kl//x]sf] 5 . t/, o;sf] cy{ xf] sbflk xf]Og ls d'n'sdf e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fdf oy]i6 sfd g} ePsf 5}gg\ . ;/sf/sf tk{maf6 bh{geGbf a9L P]g–lgodx?sf] th'{df, lgofds / cg';Gwfgd"ns ;+oGqx?sf] 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

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cfn]v :yfkgf, cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw–;Demf}tfx?sf] cg'df]bg / sfof{Gjogx? e}/x]sf 5g\Ù ;a} lsl;dsf u};;+x?n] lzIffd"ns / r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{Ù lghL If]qnufotsf ldl8ofx?n] ;dfrf/hGo / cg';GwfgfTds hfgsf/Lx?sf] k|sfzg / k|;f/0f ug]{ / ;Djfbx? ;~rfng ug]{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . kl/0ffd:j?k ;dfhdf e|i6frf/ ;DaGwdf ;+jb]gzLntf a9]sf] 5, kbf;Lgx?af6 pQ/bfloTj jxgtf x'g'kg]{ cfjfh a9]sf] 5, cGt/f{li6«o ;Gbe{af/] hfgsf/L a9]sf]5, d'n'sleq o;sf lj?4df ;'? ePsf] cleofg Pp6f ljGb'df k'lu;s]sf] 5 / To;sf nflu cGt/f{li6«o If]qaf6 ;xof]u / ;dy{g klg ldln/x]sf] 5 . of] Pp6f cfznfUbf] cj:yf xf] . cufl8sf] af6f] 6L7nfUbf] ;Gbe{ / cfznfUbf] cj:yfsf] k|;+udf, cGo d'n'sx?sf] ;kmntfsf] syfx? k9\b}, cfkm\gf] d'n'ssf] kl/lwleq sfd ug{ ;Sg] cfkm\g} df6f] ;'xfpFbf] ‘d]8 Og g]kfn’ pkfox?sf] ljsf; / sfof{Gjog ug]{ a]nf cfO;s]sf] 5 . lzlIft / pmhf{o'Qm gofF k':tfsf] …af]g; kk"n];gÚ sf] afx'Notf cfO;s]sf] clxn]sf] cj:yfdf o'jfx?sf] ;lqmo ;xelfutf h'6fP/ e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cleofgnfO{ b|"t ultdf cl3 a9fpg cfjZos / ;Dej b'j} e};s]sf] 5 . d'n'ssf] /fhgLltdf 1fg, pT;fx / k|ltj4tfsf …3f]t]Ú v]nf8Lx?sf] ;lqmotf 36fpg ;do nfUg] eP, ToxL /fhgLltsf] lj;Ëltx?nfO{ x6fpg] cleofgdf rflxF gofF lk+9LnfO{ cl3 a9fP/ n}hfpmF g t Û cfhsf o'jfx? ef]lnsf gLlt–lgdf{tf, k|zf;s, pBf]uL, Joj;foL, gS;fsf/x? klg x'g\, To;sf/0f cfh}b]lvsf] ldltdf pgLx?nfO{ e"O{+b]lv g} / Jofks tl/sfn] z}lIfs kf7\oqmdx?åf/f lzlIft / tflnd– uf]i7Lx?åf/f k|lzlIft u/fP/ ef]lnsf] nflu e|i6frf/ lj?4df ;+jb]gzLn agfpg / ;lqmo -k|f]PS6Le_ u/fpg h?/L 5 . xfd|f] h:tf] d'ns ' df dfq xf]Og, cGoq klg e|i6frf/sf] Pp6f d'Vo sf/0f kbdf cf;Lg JolQmx?sf] kfl/jfl/s rfxgf / cg}lts bafan] 7"nf] c;/ kfg]{ u/]sf] 5 . cfhsf] lbgdf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ lbOg] lzIff / bLIffn] ef]lnsf] ;bfrf/ kfngdf To:tf s"–k|jl[ Qx?af6 k/ /xg 7"nf] ;xof]u k'Ug]5 . To:t}, hgdfg;df e|i6frf/ lj?4 cem Jofks r]tgf k|jfx / lj:tf/ ug{ ;~rf/dfWodx?;Fusf] ;xsfo{ a9fpFb} x/]s jif{ ;bfrf/ tyf e|i6frf/ b'a} If]qsf ljlzi6 n]v, /rgf, cflb ;a} k|sfzgx?nfO{ cem

14 kf/bzL{ . d+l;/ @)&#

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

lgoldt / Jojl:yt tl/sfn] k'/:s[t / k|f]T;flxt ug{ ;lsG5 . s]xL d'Vo kqklqsfx?df lgoldt :tDedfk{mt\, d'n'sdf e}/x]sf e|i6frf/hGo ;dfrf/ tyf ;fdu|Lx?sf] lg/Gt/ k|sfzg ug]{ ul/Pdf To;n] e|i6frf/sf gofF cEof;x? ug{ pBt\ ePsf JolQm jf ;d"x?df a9L g}lts bafax? kg]{5 . e|i6frf/L 7xl/Psfx?sf] af/]df cfpg] Jofks ;dfrf/x?n] gofF e|i6frf/ Jojxf/sf] ue{ktg u/fpg 7"nf] dbt ldNg]5 . d'n'sdf k]zfut ;+:yfx?sf] /fd|f] ljsf; e};s]sf] 5. lrlsT;s, Ol~hlgo/, rf6{8{ PsfpG6]G6, pBf]uL, Jofkf/L, Joj:yfksx?sf cf–cfkm\g} / j}b]lzs /f]huf/, lgdf{0f, v]ns'b, oftfoft If]qdf klg To:t} ;+3–;+u7gx? :yflkt e};s]sf 5g\ . e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cleofgdf pRr cfbz{ / d"No–dfGotfsf k]zfut ;+ug7x?nfO{ r]tgzLn, ;+j]bgzLn / lqmofzLn agfpg ;s]sf] v08df, clxn] ;/sf/n] ul//x]sf] k|of; / ug{ g;s]sf] ceof;sf] xf]:6]df x}+;] k'Ug]5, / of] cleofg rfF8} / lglZrt g} ljhosf] lgisif{df k'Ug]5 . e|i6frf/ lj?4df /fli6«o gLlt / sfg"gx? sfof{Gjog ug{ w]/} xb;Dd tof/L e};s], u}/–;/sf/L If]qdf klg kof{Kt ;+:yf / sfo{qmdx? ;~rfngdf cfO;s], pgLx?sf] ;fd"lxs k|of;nfO{ cem ;+ul7t / Jojl:yt u/L Pp6f d"n k|jfxdf Nofpg h?/L ePsf] 5 . r'gf}ltx? w]/} 5g\, ;fydf cj;/x? klg . oL b'O{aLr pko'Qm ;Gt'ng /fVb} e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cleofg nIo xfl;n ug{ ;Sg] Pp6f o:tf] g]t[Tjsf] vfFrf] 5, h;n] Ps :jtGq / ;zQm ;xhLs/0f cleoGtfsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;sf];\, h;nfO{ d'n'sleqsf] /fd|f] 1fg xf];\ / d'n's aflx/sf 1fg, k|ljlw / pmhf{sf] ;dy{g klg xf];\ . e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] ljz]if cleofgdf cGt/f{li6«ohut\df @# jif{cl3b]lv nflu k/]/ Pp6f :ki6 5lj agfO;s]sf] / g]kfndf @) jif{cl3 :yflkt e} sfo{/t /x]sf] 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnn] ;a} cfjZos of]Uotfx? k"/f ug]{ ePsfn] o;af6 pQm g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsfsf] ck]Iff ul/g' :jefljs b]lvG5 . To;f] ePdf, clxn];Dddf d'n'sleqsf] cfkm\gf] ck]Iffs[t kftnf] pkl:yltsf] sdhf]/LnfO{ psf:b}, cfk"mnfO{ ‘kf6{g/ ckm RjfO; cg SofDk]g cu]G:6 s/K;g’ aGg] cj;/nfO{ klg o; ;+:yfn] /fd|f] pkof]u u/]sf] dflgg] lyof] .9

ultljlw

6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] @! cf}F jflif{s ;fwf/0f;ef ;DkGg 6««fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn -6LcfO{_ g]kfnsf] @! cf}F jflif{s ;fwf/0f;efn] jl/i7 clwjStf >L xl/ cof{nnfO{ cWoIf kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5 . ;fwf/0f;ef lj=;+= @)&# c;f]h !$ ut] sf7df8f}Fdf ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf %* hgf ;fwf/0f ;b:o / Ps ;+:yfut ;b:ox?dWo] #& hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] x'Fbf ;fwf/0f;efdf u0fk"/s ;+Vof k'u]sfn] k"j{lgwfl/t lgDg sfo{;"rLpk/ 5nkmn ;'? ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fwf/0f;efn] k"j{lgwf{l/t lgDg sfo{;"rLpk/ 5nkmn u/]sf] lyof] . != @) cf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f;efsf] lg0f{osf] hfgsf/LÙ @= dxf;lrjåf/f ;+:yfsf] jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg @)&@÷)&# sf] k|:t'lt / ;f]sf] :jLs[ltÙ #= sf]iffWoIfåf/f ;+:yfsf] cfly{s tyf n]vf–k/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg @)&@÷)&# sf] k|:t'lt / ;f]sf] :jLs[ltÙ $= cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷)&$ sf nflu n]vf–k/LIfssf] lgo'lQm / kfl/>lds lgwf{/0fÙ % sfo{;ldltsf] l/Qm x'g] cWoIf—! -Ps_, ;b:o—& -;ft_ / ;+:yfut ;b:odWo]af6 ;b:o—! -Ps_ :yfgsf] lgjf{rgÙ / ^= ljljw . plNnlvt sfo{;"rLpk/ ;fwf/0f;efn] 5nkmn u/L lgDg lg0f{ox? u/]sf] 5– != 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] @) cf}+ ;fwf/0f;efn] u/]sf lg0f{ox? @! cf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f;efåf/f hfgsf/Ldf lnOof] . @= cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# sf] jflif{s k|ultk|ltj]bg ;+:yfsf dxf;lrj d's'Gbaxfb'/ k|wfgåf/f k|:t't ul/of] . pSt k|ltj]bgpk/ 5nkmn eO{ ;fwf/0f;efåf/f ;j{;Ddltn] :jLs[lt k|bfg ul/of] . #= cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# sf] n]vf–k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg ;+:yfsf sf]iffWoIf klßgL k|wfgfËåf/f k|:t't ul/of] . pSt k|ltj]bgpk/ 5nkmn eO{ ;fwf/0f;efåf/f

;j{;Ddltn] :jLs[lt k|bfg ul/of] . $= cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷)&$ sf] n]vf–k/LIfsdf kLPd PG8 Pzf]l;P6\;nfO{ lgo'lSt ul/of] . n]vf–k/LIfssf] kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ug{ sfo{;ldltnfO{ clVtof/L lbOof] . %= ;+:yfsf] sfo{;ldltsf] @ jif]{ sfo{sfn ;dfKt ePsfn] cWoIf -Ps_ Pj+ sfo{;ldltsf] ;b:o -cf7_ kbsf nflu ePsf] lgjf{rgdf cWoIfdf >Lxl/ cof{n / sfo{;ldlt ;b:ox?df qmdzM >L /fds[i0f dfgGw/, >L klßgL k|wfgfË, >L nLnfk|;fb ;fksf]6f, 8f= /fdbofn /fs]z, >L ;f]d/fh l;Ub]n, >L eLdaxfb'/ >]i7, >L ;ljtfe08f/L a/fn / ;+:yfut ;b:odf /fli6«o Jofj;flos kxn lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'eof] . gjlgjf{lrt cWoIfn] ;efdf cWoIf kbsf] ;ky lnFb} lgjf{rgdf ;xeflutfsf nflu ;b:ox?nfO{ wGojfb 1fkg ug'{eof] . ;efsf] cWoIftf ul//xg'ePsf >L e/taxfb'/ yfkfn] z'esfdgf dGtJo;lxt gjlgjf{lrt cWoIfnfO{ sfo{ef/ x:tfGt/0f ug{'eof] . gjlgjf{lrt cWoIfn] cfkm\gf] dGtJo;lxt ;efdf /x]sf] pkl:ylt / k|:tfjpk/ ePsf] 5nkmndf ;xeflutfsf nflu ;b:ox?nfO{ wGojfb lbFb} ;ef lj;h{g ePsf] hgfp lbg'eof] .9 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

d+l;/ @)&# . kf/bzL{

k|ltj]bg

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] @! cf}+ ;fwf/0f;ef

dxf;lrjåf/f k|:t't sfo{k|ult ljj/0f @)&@÷&# != k[i7e"ld / ;Gbe{ e|i6frf/ Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;du| k|lta4tfsf b[li6sf]0fn] ut jif{ /fHosf lqmofsnfk vf;} pT;fxhgs /x]gg\ . e"sDkkl5 /fxt ljt/0f ug]{ s'/fdf ;d]t clgoldttf ePsf] s'/f cfd– ;~rf/dfWodsf x]8nfOg ag] . k'gM:yfkgf / k'glg{df{0fdf klg vf;} k|ult x'g ;s]g . /fhgLlts ptf/–r9fj / cl:y/tfn] /fHosf cËaLr tfnd]n b]lvPg . ;+;b\, clVtof/ / GofokflnsfaLrsf] s6'tfk"0f{ Jojxf/ k|bz{gn] ;du| e|i6frf/lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngnfO{ g} c;/ k'¥ofof] . gful/s ;dfhn] rfx]/} klg vf;} bafa l;h{gf ug{ ;Sg] l:ylt ag]g . o; k[i7e"lddf´ klg 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] cfkm\gf] /0fgLlts sfo{lbzfcg'?k cfkm\gf ultljlw eg] ;~rfng u/L g} /Xof] .

;fpy–;fpy PS;r]~h sfo{qmdn] blIf0f Pl;ofdf /x]sf 6LcfO{ RofK6/aLr ;"rgf cfbfg–k|bfg ug]{ x]t'n] dfgj ;+zfwg ;f6f;f6 u/L If]qLo:t/d} e|i6frf/ lj?4 n8\g cfjZos hgzlQm tof/ ug]{ sfd u¥of] . To:t}, ut{ jif{ th'{df ul/Psf gofF sfo{qmdn] ablnPsf] kl/j]zdf kf/blz{tf / hjfkmb]lxtf k|j4{g ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . cfO{kLO{cf/cf/ sfo{qmdn] e"sDkkl5sf] k'gM:yfkgf / k'glg{df{0fdf kf/blz{tf k|j4{g ug]{ p2]Zo lnPsf] 5 eg] SnfOd]6 kmfOgfG; ueg]{G; sfo{qmdn] hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwdf /fHon] nfu" ug]{ sfo{qmdsf] vr{ Joj:yfkgdf kf/blz{tf clej[l4 ul/g'kg]{ s'/fnfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . Pnfs cfp6l/r eg] 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] ;~rfng ul//x]sf] gful/s u'gf;f];DaGwL sfo{qmdsf] lg/Gt/tf xf] .

@= d'Vo pknlAw

#= /0fgLlts sfo{lbzf sfof{Gjog

6LcfO{ g]kfnn] ut jif{ kfFr k|d'v sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng u/]sf] lyof] M -s_ Pnfs, -v_ Pnfs 8LkL, -u_ aLPgcfOPg, -3_ kLO{;L / -ª_ ;fpy– ;fpy PS;r]~h . o;sf cltl/Qm, tLg gofF sfo{qmdx? klg th"{df ul/Psf lyP . tL x'g\ M -s_ cfO{kLO{cf/cf/, -v_ Pnfs cfp6l/r / -u_ SnfOd]6 kmfOgfG; ue{g]{G; .

6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] /0fgLlts sfo{lbzfn] to u/]sf lgDg kfFr a'Fbfx?df ut jif{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf sfo{k|ult ;Dej eof] .

sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf b[li6sf]0fn] ut jif{ 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] tLgj6f dxTTjk"0f{ kl/of]hgfx? ;DkGg u¥of] M Pnfs, Pnfs–8LkL / ;fpy–;fpy PS;r]~h . To;}u/L, Pg;]n;Fusf] ;xsfo{df ;~rflnt c;n Jofj;flos ;+:sf/ k|j4{g;DaGwL sfo{qmd klg ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ul/of] . Pnfs / Pnfs–8LkL sfo{qmdn] gful/snfO{ e|i6frf/ lj?4 ph'/L ug{ k|]l/t ug'{sf cltl/Qm ;]jfk|jfx ug]{ ;+:yfnfO{ ;]jfu|fxLk|lt pQ/bfoL agfO{ /fHosf cËnfO{ hjfkmb]xL agfpg ;3fof] eg]

16 kf/bzL{ . d+l;/ @)&#

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

#=! P8\ef]s];L P08 OG6/e]G;g 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] d'Vo ultljlwdWo] P8\ef]s];L P08 OG6/e]G;g Ps dxÎjk"0f{ kIf xf] . o;cGtu{t jsfnt / x:tIf]ksf/L ljleGg lqmofsnfkx? ;dflji6 5g\ . o; /0fgLlts sfo{lbzfcGtu{t ut jif{ d'VotM lgDg sfo{x? ul/of] . s_ k|]; lj1KtL / Wofgfsif{0fM gful/s hLjgsf dxÎjk"0f{ kf6f]df 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] lgoldt ;/f]sf/ /xg] ePsfn] k|]; lj1lKt / kqfrf/dfkm{t\ 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] ;Da4 ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] Wofgfsif{0f ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . o;} l;nl;nfdf, ut jif{ klg k"j{ kbflwsf/Lsf] ;'ljwf

k|ltj]bg j[l4, gfsfaGbLsf sf/0f ePsf] c;xh Joj:yfkg, dGqLkl/ifb\sf] cfsf/nufotsf ljifodf k|]; lj1lKt / Wofgfsif{0f hf/L ul/of] . v_ e"sDkkl5 g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt ;xof]u / cg'bfgsf] lgu/fgLM @)&@ j}zfv !@ sf] ljgfzsf/L e"sDkkl5 k'gM:yfkgf / k'glg{df{0fsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt ;xof]u / cg'bfgsf] Joj:yfkg / ljlgof]hgaf/] 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] z'?jftaf6} lgu/fgL /fVg] sfd ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{ yfngL ul/Psf] o; lsl;dsf] lgu/fgL / ;f] ;Da4 ;"rgf ut jif{ klg cBfjlws u/L cfkm\gf] cflwsfl/s j]a;fO6df /fVg] sfd ul/of] . u_ cfO{kLO{cf/cf/ sfo{qmdsf] yfngLM e"sDkkl5sf] k'gM:yfkgf / k'glg{df{0fdf kf/blz{tf k|j4{g ug]{ p2]Zon] Oo"sf] ;xof]udf Ps gofF kl/of]hgfsf] yfngL ul/Psf] 5 . pQm sfo{qmdcGtu{t sf7df8f}+nufot e"sDk k|efljt !$ lhNnfdf ljleGg sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5, h;sf nflu lhNnf clws[tx?sf] rog ul/;lsPsf] 5 / lghx?nfO{ k|f/lDes ;"rgf ;+ngsf nflu lhNnfdf kl/rfng;d]t ul/;lsPsf] cj:yf 5 . 3_ df]afOn Pnfs / x]Nk8]:sM gful/sx?nfO{ e|i6frf/ lj?4 ph'/L ug{ k|]l/t ug]{ p2]Zon] ;DalGwt ;]jfk|jfx ug]{ ;+:yfdf g} uO{ gful/ssf k|ToIf u'gf;f ;'Gg] 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] /0fgLltcg'?k ut jif{ klg ljleGg df]afOn Pnfs / x]Nk8]:sx? ;~rfng ul/P, h;af6 ;of}+ ;]jfu|fxLx? nfeflGjt ePsf lyP . ª_ dlxnf;Fusf] ;xsfo{df ;bfrf/ k|j4{gM 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] n8fOFdf dlxnf ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug]{ p2]Zon] dlxnf;Fusf] ;xsfo{ lj:tf/ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . o;} l;nl;nfdf, cf1f ;f];n sG;g{;Fusf] ;xsfo{df ;bfrf/ k|j4{gdf dlxnfsf] e"ldsf ljifos Ps cGt/lqmof ;DkGg ul/of] . cGt/lqmof eQmk'/ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nosf] ;efsIfdf ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .

r_ e|i6frf/ cjwf/0ff ;"rsfª\s ;fj{hlgsLs/0fM 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] ;bf´}F o; jif{ klg e|i6frf/ cjwf/0ff ;"rsfª\s ;fj{hlgs ug]{ sfd u¥of] . 5_ gful/s ;'g'jfO{M gful/ssf u'gf;fx?nfO{ ;Da4 lgsfo;Dd k'¥ofpg], ;/sf/L sfof{nosf k|ltlglwnfO{ hjfkmb]xL, kf/bzL{ / lhDd]jf/ agfpg bafa lbg], ;/sf/L lgsfo;Fu ;dGjo u/L ;bfrf/ lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u ug]{, gful/s / :yfgLo lgsfoaLrsf] ;DaGw ;'dw'/ agfpg], ;fj{hlgs ;]jf, ;'ljwfaf/] hfgsf/L lbg];d]tsf] p2]Zo /fvL ut jif{ b'O{j6f gful/s ;'g'jfO{ qmdzM /f}tx6 / afun'Ëdf ;DkGg ul/of] . h_ ;"rgfsf] xs / ;'zf;g;DaGwL P]gsf ljifodf 5nkmnM 6LcfO{ g]kfn cfj4 ljleGg ;+:yfsf] cu'jfO{df ;"rgfsf] xs / ;'zf;g;DaGwL P]gsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf ljifodf ut jif{ cGt/lqmof / 5nkmn ;DkGg ul/of] . ´_ ;f´]bf/ ;+:yfx?;Fu cGt/lqmofM Pnfs–8LkL kl/of]hgfcGtu{t ut jif{ d"ntM Onfd, ?kGb]xL, u'NdL / sf:sLdf lhNnfdf ;]jfk|jfxnfO{ s;/L k|efjsf/L agfpg ;lsG5 eGg] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn / cGt/lqmof ;DkGg ul/of] . `_ hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL gofF sfo{qmdsf] th'{dfM 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn aln{g;Fusf] ;xsfo{df hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwdf sfd ug]{ p2]Zon] ut jif{ Ps gofF sfo{qmdsf] th"{df ul/Psf] 5 . #=@= sf]cln;G; P08 sf]nfaf]/]zg o;cGtu{t d"ntM lgDg lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ul/of] . s_ ;bfrf/ k|j4{g;DaGwL /fli6«o uf]i7LM ;bfrf/ clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] ut jif{ æ/fli6«o ;bfrf/ k|j4{gÆ gfds Ps /fli6«o uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof], h;df g]kfn ;/sf/nufot cGo ;f´]bf/x?sf] pNn]Vo pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . v_ lhNnf:t/Lo uf]i7LM aLPgcfO{Pg kl/of]hgfcGtu{t ut jif{ bf]nvf, bfr'{nf / 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

d+l;/ @)&# . kf/bzL{

k|ltj]bg afun'Ëdf lhNnf:t/Lo uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . u_ /fli6«o o'jf e]nfM e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] n8fOFdf o'jf ;xeflutf clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] ut jif{ g]kfnu~hdf bf];f| ] /fli6«o o'jf e]nf ;DkGg ul/of] . 3_ vf]h kqsfl/tf k|lzIf0fM afun'Ë, kj{t / DofUbLsf ljleGg ;~rf/dfWoddf sfo{/t kqsf/x?sf] ;Lk clej[l4 ug{ afun'Ël:yt 6LcfO{ g]kfn cfj4 ;+:yf hjfkmb]lxtfsf nflu c;n l5d]sL / g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 afun'Ësf] ;xcfof]hgfdf ut jif{ afun'Ëdf Ps vf]h kqsfl/tf k|lzIf0f ;DkGg ul/of] . #=#= ;]S6/n kmf]s; o; zLif{scGtu{t b]xfosf sfo{qmd ;~rfng eP . s_ cg';GwfgM e|i6frf/ ;Da4 If]qx?sf] lgoldt cg';Gwfg u/L ;f]sf lgisif{ ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx? sxfF k'¥ofpg] nIocg'?k ut jif{ klg 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] s]xL cWoog ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . /fli6«o ;bfrf/k4lt, ah]6 lgdf{0f k|lqmof, ;fj{hlgs vl/bdf ;bfrf/ k|ltj4tf, cf}iflwsf] lgMz'Ns ljt/0fdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLlt, g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf ;'zf;gsf k|fjwfg, ;fj{hlgs ;]jfk|jfxsf] cj:yf, gful/s ;Gt'i6L ;j]{If0f / hn>f]t ;DaGwL cWoog ut jif{ ul/Psf cg';Gwfgsf cfsif{0f /x]sf lyP . v_ gful/s u'gf;f] ;+oGqnfO{ kx'rF / k|df0fdf cfwfl/t jsfntsf] ?kdf ljsf;M 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] ;~rfng ub}{ cfO/x]sf] gful/ssf] u'gf;f] ;'Gg] ;+oGqnfO{ ut jif{ gful/s;Dd k'Ug] kx'rF / u'gf;f]sf cfwf/df ul/g] k|df0fdf cfwfl/t jsfntsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ sfd ul/of] . u_ cfd–;r]tgf clej[l4M e|i6frf/sf] lgoGq0f / ;bfrf/sf] k|j4{gsf nflu ul/g] / ul/;lsPsf ultljlwx?nfO{ gful/s;Dd k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] ;"rgfk|jfx ug]{ k|of]hgfy{ 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] ljleGg k|sfzgx? lgsfNb} cfO/x]sf] 5 . ;f]xLcg'?k, ut jif{ klg ;"rgfd"ns Sofn]G8/ / lgoldt a'n]l6g … kf/bzL{Ú nufotsf k|sfzgx? lgsflnof] . #=$= k|df]l6Ë Eofn"h 6LcfO{ g]kfn gful/s ;+:yf ePsfn]

18 kf/bzL{ . d+l;/ @)&#

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

;bfrf/sf] k|j4{g ug'{ o;sf] Ps dxÎjk"0f{ sfo{ xf] . o;cGtu{t ut jif{ lgDg sfo{x? ul/P . s_ cGt/f{li6«o e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] lbj;M 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] lgoldt?kdf e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cGt/f{li6«o lbj; dgfpFb} cfO/x]sf] 5 . ;f]xLcg'?k, ut jif{ klg Ps sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . v_ ljBfno:t/Lo sfo{qmdM æcfhsf afnaflnsf M ef]lnsf] g]t[TjÆ eGg] cjwf/0ffnfO{ cfTd;ft u/L afnaflnsfx?df ;bfrf/sf] clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] ut jif{ ljleGg lhNnfx?df ljBfno:t/Lo sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] h;df ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ;bfrf/ ;DaGwdf ljleGg n]v, /rgfx? n]Vg / jSQ[Tjsnfdf efu lng k|f]T;fxg ul/Psf] lyof] . u_ k|lzIfs—k|lzIffyL{ tflndM afnaflnsfdf ;bfrf/ k|j4{g ug]{ p2]Zon] cl3Nnf] jif{ tof/ kfl/Psf] k|lzIfs—k|lzIffyL{ k'l:tsfcg'?k tflnd ;~rfng ug{ aLPgcfO{Pg kl/of]hgf;Fu ;Da4 gf}j6f cfj4 ;+:yfx?nfO{ ut jif{ Ps k|lzIf0fsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . 3_ u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfdf ;'zf;g k|j4{gM lhNnfl:yt ;f´]bf/x?nfO{ ;+:yfut ;'zf;g clej[l4 ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] :yfgLo u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ ;+nUg u/L ut jif{ cGt/lqmofsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/df :yfgLo ;+:yfx?nfO{ sfg"gsf] k|efjsf/L kl/kfngfdfkm{t\ pbfx/0fLo ag]/ b]vfpg pTk|]l/t ul/Psf] lyof] . ª_ e|i6frf/lj/f]wL ;~hfnsf] k|j4{gM e|i6frf/ lj?4 ;xsfo{ ug]{, gLltut ;'wf/sf nflu /fHosf k|d'v c+ux?df cfjZos jsfnt ug]{ / e|i6frf/hGo ;d:o / efjL r'gf}tL ;Daf]wg ug]{;d]tsf] p2]Zo /fvL 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] cu|;/tfdf e|i6frf/ lj?4 ;lqmo ;+:yfx?sf] ;+nUgtfdf ut jif{ Ps /fli6«o ;~hfn lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . #=%= cu{gfOh]zgn 8]enkd]G6 o;cGtu{t b]xfosf ultljlw ;~rfng ul/of] . s_ PS;r]~h sfo{qmdM blIf0f Pl;ofdf /x]sf 6LcfO{ RofK6/aLr ;"rgf cfbfg–k|bfg ug]{ / dfgj ;+zfwg ;f6f;f6 u/L If]qLo:t/d}

k|ltj]bg e|i6frf/ lj?4 n8\g cfjZos hgzlQm tof/ ug]{ p2]Zon] ;~rflnt ;fpy–;fpy PS;r]~h sfo{qmdcGtu{t ut jif{ 6LcfO{ aËnfb]zsf b'O{hgf g]kfndf sfo{/t /x] eg] g]kfnsf b'O{hgf qmdzM aËnfb]z / ef/tdf a;L ToxfFsf] cg'ej ;+ufn]sf lyP . v_ ;b:o e]nfM 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] jt{dfg ultljlwaf/] ;';"lrt ug{ / efjL /0fgLlt to ug]{ p2]Zon] 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] s]xL jif{b]lv ;b:o e]nf cfof]hgf ug]{ u/]sf]df ut jif{ klg ;f] sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] sfd ul/of] . u_ Ifdtf clej[l4M aLPgcfO{Pg kl/of]hgf;Fu ;Da4 gf}j6f cfj4 ;+:yfx?n] lhNnfdf k|efjsf/L sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ ;s"g\ eGg] p2]Zon] tL ;+:yfx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ ut jif{ b'Oj{ 6f k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . 3_ PS;r]~h sfo{qmd ;dfkg a}7sM blIf0f Pl;ofdf /x]sf 6LcfO{ RofK6/aLr ;"rgf cfbfg–k|bfg ug]{ / dfgj ;+zfwg ;f6f;f6 u/L If]qLo:t/d} e|i6frf/ lj?4 n8\g cfjZos hgzlQm tof/ ug]{ p2]Zon] ;~rflnt ;fpy–;fpy PS;r]~h sfo{qmd ut jif{ ljlwjt\ cGTo ePsfn] ;f]sf] ;dfkg a}7s sf7df8f}{df ;DkGg eof] . ª_ e|d0fM ljleGg ;ef–;df/f]x, tflnd, uf]i7L cflbdf 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ qmddf ;bf´}F ut jif{ klg 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] sfo{;ldlt / ;lrjfnoaf6 k|ltlglwTj /Xof] . r_ OG6g{lzkM 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] :jb]zL / ljb]zL

ljBfyL{x?nfO{ e|i6frf/af/] ;';"lrt x'g OG6g{l;ksf] cj;/ k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf]df ut jif{ :jL8]g / gj]{sf ljBfyL{x?n] 6LcfO{ g]kfndf OG6g{lzk u/]sf lyP . $= pk;+xf/ dflysf kl/R5]bdf j0f{g ul/Pcg'?k e|i6frf/lj/f]wL cleofg ljljw sf/0fx?n] ubf{ uPsf] jif{ Tolt pT;fxhgs /x]g . tyflk, 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] cfkm\gf] k|ltj4tfadf]lhd ;Da4 ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ´S´Sofpg] sfd eg] u/L g} /Xof] . o;}aLr, s]xL ;sf/fTds k|ult gePsf klg xf]Ogg\ . /fHosf k|d'v kbx?df ;dfj]zLtfsf] l;4fGtnfO{ cËLsf/ ub}{ dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt x'g cfk}mFdf /fd|f] s'/f xf] . To:t}, ablnPsf] /fhgLlts kl/j]znfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ GofokflnsLo ;+/rgfnfO{ ;f]xLcg'?k km]/abn ul/g' / ;+3Lo ;+/rgfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZos sfg"gsf] th"{df ul/g' lgZro g} :jfutof]Uo sbd x'g\ . sfg"gsf] zf;gnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ p2]Zon] rflng] x/]s sbdsf] 6LcfO{ g]kfn :jfut ub{5 / cfufdL lbgdf cfkm\gf] /0fgLlts sfo{lbzfcg';f/ ;Da4 ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ;3fpg] k|ltj4tf;d]t JoQm ub{5 . ;g\ @)!#–!& sf] /0fgLlts sfo{lbzfsf] ;dfkgsf] ;+3f/df cfOk'Ubf 6LcfO{ g]kfn oltv]/ ablnPsf] kl/j]zcg';f/ cfkm\gf] cfufdL sfo{lbzf to ug{ lqmofzLn 5 . 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] o; cleofgnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{ k|fKt x'g] x/]s /fo–;'´fjnfO{ 6LcfO{ g]kfn :jfut ug{ rfxG5 .9 d's'Gb axfb'/ k|wfg dxf;lrj, 6LcfO{ g]kfn

xfd|f] cfx\jfg tkfO{+n] st} e|i6frf/, cgfjZos x}/fgL jf l9nf;':tLsf] ;fdgf ug{'k/]sf] 5 < 5 eg] xfd|f] lgMz'Ns gDa/ !^^)–)!–@@@!! df ;Dks{ ug{'xf];\. xfdL tkfO{+nfO{ dbt ug{ tof/ 5f}+ .

z'Ns gnfUg] gDa/ !^^)–)!–@@@!! -u'gf;f] ;'Gg Joj:yf ul/Psf] ljz]if ;+oGq_

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

d+l;/ @)&# . kf/bzL{

k|ltj]bg

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] @! cf}+ ;fwf/0f;ef

sf]iffWoIfåf/f k|:t't k|ltj]bg cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# >L cWoIfHo" tyf ;b:o dxfg'efjx?, ;j{k|yd, cfhsf] ul/dfdo @! cf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f;efdf pkl:yt ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjx?nfO{ xflb{s :jfut tyf clejfbg ub{5' . o; ;+:yfsf] sfo{;ldltsf] @@( cf}F a}7saf6 cg'df]bg ePsf] :jtGq n]vf–k/LIfs kL=Pd=

P08 Pzf]l;P6\;sf] n]vf–k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg;lxt cf=j= @)&@÷)&# sf] cfly{s k|ltj]bg ;a} ;b:o dxfg'efjx?nfO{ ljt/0f eO;s]sf] 5 . pQm k|ltj]bgsf d'Vo–d'Vo a'Fbfx? ;f/–;ª\If]kdf oxfFx?;dIf k|:t't ug]{ cg'dlt rfxG5' . of] k|ltj]bg k|:t'ltkZrft\ s]xL yk hfgsf/L jf lh1f;f ePdf k|i6Øfpg] sf]lz; ug]{5' .

Balance Sheet -jf;nft_ As on 31 Ashadh 2073 (15 July 2016) Particulars

Amount in NPR

Current Year

Previous Year

Fund & Liabilities

-bftfx?af6 k|fKt vr{ ug{ afFsL /sd_ Endowment Fund -cIfo sf]if_ Capital Reserve Fund -k'FhLut hu]8f sf]if_ Accumulated Fund -;+lrt÷;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]if /sd_ Donor Fund-Restricted

Current Liabilities -lbg

afFsL_

Total Fund & Liabilities

35,954,878

19,165,681

11,000,000

8,500,000

1,444,052

1,729,378

1,366,553

6,815,099

113,000

293,156

49,878,483

36,503,314

1,468,730

1,762,282

11,000,000

8,500,000

Assets Non- Current Assets Property Plant and Equipment -l:y/

;DklQ_ Endowment Fund Investment -cIfo sf]if nufgL_ Current Assets Cash and Cash Equivalent -gub

tyf a}+s df}Hbft_ Prepaid Advance and Deposits -cu|Ld e'QmfgL_

36,226,399

25,289,406

1,183,354

951,626

Total Assets

49,878,483

36,503,314

20 kf/bzL{ . d+l;/ @)&#

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

k|ltj]bg Statement of Income and Expenditure -cfDbfgL

tyf vr{sf] ljj/0f_

As on 31 Ashadh 2073 (15 July 2016) Amount in NPR

Particulars

Current Year

Income

Previous Year

Revenue Recognition from Restricted Fund -bftfx?af6

kl/of]hgfut ;f]wegf{ /sd_ Bank Interest -a}+s Aofh_ Exchange Difference -ljlgdo km/s_ Other Income -cGo cfDbfgL_ Total Income Expenditure

29,019,579

37,092,188

523,176

509,663

(5,204)

593,316

75,952

339,604

29,613,504

38,534,771

Human Resources and Activities -sd{rf/L

tyf ultljlwx?_

30,909,678

36,324,707

1,652,371

2,334,587

32,562,049

38,659,294

(2,948,545)

(124,523)

6,815,099

6939622

3,866,554

6815099

Fund transfer to Endowment Fund

2500,000

Balance of Accumulated Fund carried forward

1366554

6815099

Administrative Expenses -k|zf;lgs

vr{_ Total Expenditure

Surplus/(Deficit) - Income over Expenditure Balance of Accumulated Fund brought forward Total

 bftfx?af6 k|fKt /sddWo] vr{ ug{ afFsL /sd sl/a #=%( s/f]8 /xg'df xfn;fn} Oo';Fu ;DkGg ePsf] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ IPERR sfo{qmdsf nflu klxnf] ls:tf @=$^ s/f]8 clu|d k|fKt x'g' /x]sf] 5 .  o; jif{sf] vr{cGtu{t kl/of]hgf ultljlwx?df sl/a @=#@ s/f]8 / kl/of]hgf ;DalGwt sd{rf/L tnadf sl/a && nfv u/L -hDdf #=( s/f]8_ / k|zf;lgs vr{ !^=%@ nfv u/L hDdf sl/a #=@% s/f]8 vr{ ePsf] 5 .  o; jif{ ;+:yfn] ?= *% nfvsf] cIfo sf]ifnfO{ a[l4 u/L ?= !=!) s/f]8 k'¥ofOPsf] 5 .  o; jif{sf] d;fGt;Dd ;+:yfn] u/]sf] ;+lrt sf]ifdWo]af6 sl/a $(=$! nfv vr{ ePsf] 5 . o;sf] ljj/0f lgDgadf]lhd 5 . • Oo";Fusf] ;Demf}tfcg'?k ;+:yfn] of]ubfg ug'{kg]{ !)Ü /sdcGtu{t cl3Nnf] jif{ 5'6ØfOPsf] ?= !$=** nfv / o; jif{sf] ;d]t

u/L sl/a #%=@) nfv of]ubfg ul/Psf] 5 .

ALAC DP

kl/of]hgfdf

• 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] pkl:ylt lhNnf txdf sfod /fVg tyf e|i6frf/lj/f]wL ultljlwx? ;'rf? ug{ sfo{;ldltsf] lg0f{oadf]lhd 6LcfO{ g]kfn;Fu cfj4 ^ ;+:yfnfO{ $=&% nfv ;xof]u ul/Psf] 5 . • o; jif{ ;+:yfsf] d'Vo kl/of]hgf ;dfKt eO{ gofF kl/of]hgf ;'? x'g] k|lqmofsf] ;+qmd0fsfnLg cj:yfdf sd{rf/Lsf] tna / k|zf;lgs vr{ / s]xL ultljlwx?jfkt (=$% nfv vr{ ul/Psf] 5 . • pQm $(=$! nfv vr{ kl/k"lt{ ug{ rfn' cfly{s jif{df ePsf] cfDbfgL sl/a !(=(@ nfv / yk gk'u /sd cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{;Ddsf] ;+lrt sf]ifaf6 sl/a @(=$* nfv k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] PSo"d'n]6]8 sf]if tyf vr{sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f tn lbOPsf] 5 . 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

d+l;/ @)&# . kf/bzL{

k|ltj]bg A.

Income of TI Nepal

(Figure in Rupees)

Current Year 2072/073 Balance at the beginning of the year

-cfly{s jif{sf] ;'?sf] df}Hbft_

-;b:otf z'Ns_ Bank Interest -a}+s Aofh_ Miscellaneous -ljljw_ Project Overhead -cf]e/x]8 cfDbfgL_ Exchange difference -ljlgdo km/s_

6815099

6939622

4800

3900

523176

509663

71152

335704

1398992

1790552

-5204

-159815

8808015

9419626

Membership Fee

Total (A) B.

Previous Year 2071/072

Expenditurefrom TI Nepal's own Fund

HR and Activities Expenditure

-tna / ultljlw_

Particulars

Current Year 2072/073

Salary and allowances (Central)

(Figure in Rupees) Previous Year 2071/072

214849

22471

Workshop and Seminar

318157

Travel and daily expenses

130269

Awareness and Publicity

29279

Printing and publication

62352

Contribution and Support

3995521

1934877

Transfer to Endowment Fund

2500000

7272898

1934877

Consultants cost

Total (B)

Administrative Expenditure -k|zf;lgs Particulars

vr{_ Current Year 2072/073

Meeting & Refreshments HR & Consultant Insurance Premium

(Figure in Rupees) Previous Year 2071/072

10841

261140

38697

70661

Repair & Maintenance

18931

Registration and Taxes

46235

4311

55526

Printing & Publication

14125

Awareness and Publicity

143137

Contribution & Support

75000

Transport and conveyance

Utility Miscellaneous expenses Depreciation Audit fee

22 kf/bzL{ . d+l;/ @)&#

8060

17925

397

8226

10967

54036

Total (C)

168565

669650

Grand Total (B+C)

7441463

2604527

Net Accumulated Fund (A-B+C)

1366553

6815099

6ÂŤfG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

k|ltj]bg  o; cfly{s jif{df ljleGg bftfx? qmdzM

Fredskorpset - Norway, European Union, Transparency International Secretariat, Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, NCell Private Limited / Transparency International UK sf] ;xof]udf & j6f sfo{qmdx? qmdzM SSE- Partnership in South-South Asia, ALAC & DP - Advocacy & Legal Advice Center and Development Pact, IPERR -Integrity in Post Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, ALAC Core & Bridge - Advocacy & Legal Advice Center Regional Support, BNIN - Building National Integrity in Nepal, PEC-Promoting Ethical Culture in Nepal, IPH- Integrity in Public Health ;~rfng ePsf] / ltgLx?dWo] # sfo{qmdx? qmdzM ALAC DP, ALAC Bridge Funding, PEC ;dfKt eO{ cfufdL

;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;Demf}tf–zt{adf]lhd o"/f] !) nfv -(%Ü_ European Union n] k|bfg ug]{5 eg] o"/f] %@ xhf/ ^ ;o #@ -%Ü_ 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] of]ubfg ug'{kg]{ 5 .  Transparency International Secretariat ;Fusf]

;Demf}tfcg';f/ !) cui6 @)!^ b]lv #! cui6 @)!( ;Dd ALAC Outreach sfo{qmdsf nflu o"/f] ^$ xhf/ # ;o #) sf] ;Demf}tf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .  Transparency International Secretariat ;Fu

;Demf}tfsf] k|lqmofdf /x]sf] Climate Governance sfo{qmdsf] cS6f]j/ @)!^ b]lv l8;]Da/ @)!& -!% dlxgf_ ;Ddsf nflu ah]6 o"/f] ^! xhf/ % ;o ( /x]sf] 5 . Integrity

 cfj )&#÷&$ sf] nflu cg'dfgLt ah]6 klg oxfFsf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu ljt/0f u/]sf] 5' . ;f]cg';f/ sl/a % s/f]8 @ nfv cfDbfgL / vr{ $ s/f]8 gofF sfo{qmd @)&#÷)&$M (& nfvsf] xf/fxf/Ldf x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .  European Union ;Fu !# d] @)!^ b]lv !@ clk|n cfDbfgLsf] d'Vo ;|ft] eg]sf] lgof]hLt ultljlwx? Transparency sfo{qmdnfO{ International @)@! ;Dd ;~rfng x'g] IPERR ;~rfngsfNepal nflu bftfx?af6 k|fKt ;xof]u g} xf] . Budget o"/f] !) nfv %@ xhf/ ^ ;o #@ sf] ;Demf}tf vr{ pNn]lvt % sfo{qmdx?df x'g5 ] . FY 2073/074 cfly{s jif{ )&#÷&$ df $ j6f sfo{qmdx? qmdzM SSE, IPERR, BNIN, IPH sf] lg/Gt/tf x'g]5 .

(in Rs '000)

Transparency International Nepal Budget Fiscal Year 2073/074

(in Rs '000) Yearly Budgeted

Source of Fund TIN Source

Committed Budget

Return from Investment

Available Budget -

1,875

2,106

24,685

26,791

11,260

6,689

17,949

Membership Fee Overhead Income

Total

600

Grant from Donor IPERR BNIN SSE

ALAC - Advocacy and Legal Advice Center (ALAC) Outreach

731

2,164

IPH

203

Total

(53)

18,215

32,053

731 2,164 150 50,268

Expenditure HR- Central

6,603

Administration- Central

1,502

Program Activities- Central

22,588

Program Cost District

19,026

Total Expenditure

49,719

Surplus (Deficit)

549

Projects' Acronym

Donor

IPERR -Integrity in Post Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation

European Union Delegation to Nepal

BNIN - Building National Integrity in Nepal

Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

SSE- Partnership in South-South Asia

Fredskorpset, Norway

ALAC - Advocacy and Legal Advice Center (ALAC) Outreach

Transparency International Secretariat

Integrity in Public Health (IPH)

Transparency International UK

cGtdf, o; ;+:yfdf sf]iffWoIfsf] ?kaf6 lhDd]jf/L k"/f ubf{ d}n] kfPsf] ;xof]usf] nflu cfb/0fLo cWoIfHo", pkfWoIfHo", dxf;lrjHo", sfo{;ldltsf

;b:oHo"x?nufot ;+:yfsf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o tyf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . wGojfb ..9 klb\dgL k|wfgfË, sf]iffWoIf, 6LcfO{ g]kfn 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

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5nkmndf ;xefuL ;b:ox?sf] dGtJo s[i0fk|;fb e08f/LM gful/s Gofosf] ck]Iff ul//x]sf 5g\, Tof] x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] hlt ug{ ;SYof], Tolt ug{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . xfd|f] pkl:ylt :yfgLo txdf a9L s]lGb|t x'g'kb{5 . t/, To;f] x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . kjg cf]emfM jflif{s k|ult–k|ltj]bgdf hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ / lgu/fgL ug]{ sfo{df a9L hf]8 lbPsf] b]lvof] . d'n'ssf] ;du| If]qdf e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f aflx/ 5 . ;~rf/dfWodn] 5tf5'Nn agfPsf 5g\ . 8f= uf]ljGb s];Ln] cfGbf]ng ul//xg'ePsf] 5 . pxfF gjf}+k6ssf] cfGbf]ngdf xf]ldg'ePsf] 5 . e|i6frf/ lgjf/0fdf nfu]sf] ;+:yfsf k|d'vsf] af/]df w]/} cf/f]k– k|Tof/f]k eO/x]sf 5g\ . ;+;bn] 9fs5f]k u/]sf] xf] jf To;n] 5nkmn ug{ grfx]sf] xf], a'em\g ufx|f] eO/x]sf] 5 . 6LcfO{ g]kfndf xfdLn] k|lqmofsf s'/fx? u¥of}+, t/ d'n'ssf ljifodf lglZrt ;Gb]z lbg g;s]sf] b]lvG5 . e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf If]qdf ljz]if sfd ug{ g;s]sf] b]lvG5 . xfdLn] of] jif{ olt ;kmntf k|fKt u¥of}+ eGg] b]lvPg . kl/of]hgfsf ultljlwsf ;fy– ;fy} ;+:yfsf] cf}lrTocg'?ksf] sfd ug'{kg]{ b]v]sf] 5' . /fds[i0f dfgGw/M 8f= kf08]n] kl/of]hgfd'vL eof] ls, cfGbf]ngd'vL < eg]/ s'/f ul//xg' x'G5 . o;nfO{ x]bf{ xfdLn]eGbf 8f= uf]ljGb s];Ln] w]/} u/]sf]h:tf] nflu/x]sf] 5 . oBlk, 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] 8f= s];LnfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf] 5 . 6LcfO{ g]kfn kl/of]hgfd'vLeGbf cfGbf]ngd'vL x'g'kb{5 . h:t}, xfdLn] ;Ddfg u/]sf] JolStTj 8f= s]=;L=sf] s'/f u/f}+— h;n] lrlsT;f If]qdf b]lvPsf] e|i6frf/sf] lj/f]wdf gjf}+k6s;Dd cg;g al;;Sg'ePsf] 5 . 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] klg cfkm\gf ultljlwnfO{ cfGbf]ngd'vL tj/n] cufl8 a9fpg' kb{5 . 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf k|of]u ul/Psf cIf/ k9\g ;xh x'g] s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL s]xL 7"nf] kf/]/ afF8\g] Joj:yf u/f}+ . d's'Gb zdf{ kf}8]nM d'n'ssf] /fhgLlts If]q a9L e|i6 5 . hg;+Vof / hgzlSt /fhgLlts?kdf ljeflht eO;s]sf] 5 . k|zf;lgs If]q klg

24 kf/bzL{ . d+l;/ @)&#

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

ljvl08t eO;s]sf 5g\ . s;}n]–s;}nfO{ 6]g]{ l:ylt 5}g . To;f] eP klg xfdLn] af]Ng 5f8\g' x'Fb}g . lbgx'F e|i6frf/ al9/x]sf] 5 . 6LcfO{ g]kfnaf6 xfdLn] slt;Dd cg';Gwfg ug{ / bafa lbg ;S5f}+ < of] cfGbf]ng lg/Gt/ cufl8 a9fO/xg' k5{ . o'jfzlStnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg k|]l/t u/f}+ . o'jf ;d"xnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] sfdnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fvf}+ . lzIff If]qsf] e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug]{tkm{ xfdLn] kxn ug{' h?/L 5 . xfd|f cleofgnfO{ ;~rf/ If]qsf] ;xof]u cem a9L s;/L lng ;lsG5 eGg]tkm{ ;f]rf}F . /fhgLlts If]qsf] e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{ g;s] s]xL ug{ ;lsFb}g . k|zf;lgs If]q ljeflht ePsf] 5 . 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] ;Ldf s] xf], Tof] klxn] a'´f}+– oxfF af]n]h:tf] ;lhnf] 5}g– sfof{Gjog kIf . 8f= /fdbofn /fs]zM ;~rf/dfWodsf k|ltj]bg x]bf{ /fli6«o l9s'6L sfg"g lgdf{tfx?sf nflu xf] ls eGg] b]lvG5 . 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] klg Jofjxfl/s?kdf s]xL ug{ ;Sb5— 8f= uf]ljGb s]=;L= / e/t hËdn] h:t} . >Lxl/ cof{nM 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] w]/} sfd ug{'kg]{ 5g\ . csf]{ ;fwf/0f;efdf s]–s] k|:tfj nfg] eGg] ;DaGwdf cufl8 g} 5nkmn ug]{ Joj:yf u/f}+ . cfufdL sfo{;ldltn] To;tkm{ Wofg lbg]5 eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . v]d/fh /]UdLM 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] u/]sf] sfd, cleofgx? ;/sf/ Pj+ cGo ;Da4 ;/f]sf/jfnf If]qn] rf;f]sf ;fy ;'lg/x]sf] x'G5 . of] ;+:yf Hofb} nf]–k|f]kmfOndf rln/x]sf] cg'e"lt eO/x]sf] 5 . xfdL 36gfkl/36gfsf] k|ltlqmof lbP/ dfq al;/x]sf] h:tf] b]lvG5 . c?n] u/]sf sfdsf] ;d]t qm]l86 lng] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cleofg xfdLn] ;zSt?kdf ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] af]ns ] f s'/fdf ;/sf/ ´l:sg'kg]{ xf], t/ Tof] eO/x]sf] 5}g . ;f+;bx? cb'cfsf] lj?4df af]Ng 8/fO/x]sf 5g\ . clxn] qflxdfdsf] cj:yf 5 . clVtof/n] cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qeGbf aflx/ uP/ sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . xfdLn] To;df cfjfh p7fof}F < 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] g]tT[ j ug]{ dflg; ;fx;L x'g h?/L 5 .

ultljlw * xhf/eGbf a9L ;'/IffsdL{ pRrkb:y sd{rf/Lsf] 3/df ;';f/]sf ?kdf sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;sfo{n] /fli6«o l9s'6L ckJoo eO/x]sf] 5 . xfdLn] o:tf s'/fdf cfjfh p7fpg ;ls/x]sf 5}gf}+ . ;f+;bsf]ifsf] b'?kof]u eO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf lj?4df af]ln/x]sf 5}gf}+ . ;/sf/n] ug]{ gLltut b'?kof]usf af/]df klg af]Ng' h?/L 5 . k|ltj]bg k|fljlws kIf xf], o;df s]xL eGg' 5}g . /fli6«o hLjgdf dxÎjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ul/;s]sf dflg;x? oxfF 5f}+ . o;sf] k|efjsfl/tf Tolt b]lvPg . ;+:yfsf] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ul/df sfod ug{ tof/ x'g] dflg;n] g]t[Tj lng] l:ylt l;h{gf u/f}+ . 8f= dLgf cfrfo{M k|ltj]bgdf ePsf sltj6f sfd bftfsf] / sltj6f ;+:yfsf] rfxgfcg';f/ ePsf x'g\ < ;+:yfsf] cfjZostf s] xf] < To:t}, bftfx?sf] rfxgf s] xf] < o;aLr tfnd]n / ;dfof]hg h?/L 5 . t/ klg cfkm\g} ;|f]t kl/rfng u/]/ s]xL 7f]; sfo{qmd ug{ ;s] /fd|f] . O{Zj/k|;fb pkfWofoM xfdLn] to u/]sf] /0fgLltcg';f/s} k|ltj]bg k|:t't ePsf] 5 . o;sf nflu sfo{;ldltnfO{ wGojfb . g]kfndf e|i6frf/ JofKt 5 . of] xfd|f] 7"nf] ;d:of xf] . o;n] Unf]an l;gfl/of] / DofG8]6nfO{ klg x]g{'kg]{ x'G5 . xfdLn] sfd ubf{ w]/} s'/f ljrf/ ug{'k5{ . /fli6«o k|of; s] eO/x]sf] 5 eGg]tkm{ klg ljrf/ u/f}+ . e|i6frf/sf lgsfox?n] s;/L sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ < slt k|efjsf/L 5g\ < ;+j}wflgs lgsfodfq xf]Og ;+;bLo ;ldlt klg k|efjsf/L x'g ;ls/x]sf 5}g . xfdLn] hf]zdf s'/f u/]/ dfq x'Fb}g . xfdLsxfF sfg"g 5g\, sfof{Gjog x'g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . xfdL oxfFsf dflg; slt ;xof]u ug{ ;S5f}+ < xfdLn] tTsfn / bL3{sfndf ug{ ;lsg] sfd s]–s] x'g\ < klxrfg u/f}+ . xfdLsxfF eg;'gsf] k|efj bx|f] 5 . xfdLsxfF ljs/fn ;d:of 5 . o'jflkF9LnfO{ e|i6frf/ lj?4 nfUg k|]l/t u/f}+ . xfd|f] cleofgn] s] kl/jt{g NofPsf] 5 eGg]af/]df cWoog ug{ ;s] /fd|f] x'g] lyof] eGg] nfU5 . ef]h/fh kf]v/]nM nlIft sfo{qmd tf]lsPcg';f/ ;DkGg ug{'ePsf]df sfo{;ldltnfO{ wGojfb .

lelhljln6L s;/L ug]{ < e|i6frf/ lj?4 lqmofzLn c+ux?sf] lgu/fgL ug{'kg]{ cj:yf 5 . o;df Wofg s]lGb|t u/f}F . vf; u/]/ zlSt s]Gb|df lelhljln6L b]vfpg'k¥of] . clVtof/, cbfnt, ;+;b\sf lqmofsnfknfO{ lgofnf}+ . xfdL ;]n]lS6e eP/ sfd ug]{ xf] eg] of] xndf ePsf dflg; hfg] xf] eg] To;sf] k|efj k5{ eGg]rflxF nfu]sf] 5 . ;'/]z/fh rfln;]M xndf pkl:yt ;a}sf] Pp6f 56kl6 5 Tof] s] eg] xfd|f] ;+:yfsf] k|efjsfl/tf b]lvPg . ;+:yfsf ;b:ox?nfO{ cfkm\gf cleofgdf slt ;fd]n u/fpg ;lsof] < sfo{;ldltn] To;tkm{ Wofg lbg' h?/L 5 . oBlk, ;+:yfsf] k|efjsfl/tf b]vfpg] sfd sfo{;ldltsf ;fyLx?sf] dfq xf]Og . /fli6«o kl/l:ylt x]/]/ s]xL sfd gu/L gx'g] vfnsf 5g\ To;tkm{ cfpg] sfo{;ldltn] ljrf/ u/f];\ . ;+:yfsf ;b:ox? w]/} yfs]sf cg'xf/ 5f}+, xfd|f] cleofgdf o'jfx?nfO{ s;/L ;fd]n u/fpg ;lsG5 To;tkm{ Wofg s]lGb|t u/f}+ . /fli6«o?kdf kmG8 vf]h]/ eP klg ;+:yfsf] k|efjsfl/tf b]vfpg]vfnsf sfd u/f}+ . e/taxfb'/ yfkfM ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox?nfO{ cfkm\gf d"Nojfg ;'´fjsf nflu wGojfb 1fkg ub{5' . 6LcfO{ aln{g;Fusf] cfj4tf b'O{ jif{sf nflu gjLs/0f e};s]sf] hfgsf/L ;Ddflgt ;fwf/0f;efnfO{ u/fpg rfxG5' . ;|f]tsf ;DaGwdf cfufdL rf/–kfFr jif{sf nflu ljleGg kl/of]hgfdfkm{t\ !) s/f]8eGbf a9L ;|f]t h'6fO;lsPsf] Joxf]/f klg ;Ddflgt ;fwf/0f;efnfO{ u/fpg rfxG5' . xfn ;lrjfnodf sfo{/t dfgjLo ;+zfwg ;Ifd /xFbf–/xFb} klg pxfFx?sf] of]Uotfcg';f/ ;+:yfn] sDk]g;]6 ug{ g;ls/x]sf] oyfy{ klg ;Ddflgt ;fwf/0f;efnfO{ u/fpg rfxG5' .9 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

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;Demf}tf ug]{, sfof{Gjog gug]{ k|j[lQ lrlsT;f If]qdf a9\bf] ljs[t Jofj;foLs/0fsf] lj/f]w, u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf / ;'zf;g k|j4{gh:tf ljifonfO{ k|d'v d'2f agfO{ 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnaf6 /fli6«o ;bfrf/ ;Ddfg @)&@ åf/f lje"lift ;Ddflgt JolStTj jl/i7 lrlsT;s k|f= 8f= uf]ljGb s]=;L= bzf}+k6s cg;g a:g'ePsf] ;dfrf/k|lt o; ;+:yfsf] Wofg cfs[i6 ePsf] 5 . ljutdf ( k6s;Dd cg;g a;'~h]n ljleGg ;dodf g]kfn ;/sf/n] 8f= s]=;L=åf/f p7fOPsf ;+j]bgzLn dfuk|lt k"0f{ ;xdlt hgfpFb} ltgnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ k|ltj4tf hfx]/ ub}{ ;Demf}tf u/]sf] tYo huhfx]/ 5 . /fHoåf/f ;Demf}tf ul/Psf o:tf ;Demf}tf kfng ug]{ u/fpg] k|d'v bfloTj ;/sf/sf] g} xf] . k6s– k6s ;Demf}tf ug]{, t/ sfof{Gjog gug]{–gu/fpg] k|j[lQn] ;/sf/k|lt cfd–gful/ssf] ljZj;gLotf lbg–k|ltlbg 36\b} hfg' :jfefljs 5 . ;'zf;g k|j4{g / e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug]{ k|ltj4tf hgfpg] /fhgLlts bn / ;/sf/n] 8f= s]=;L=åf/f cf}+NofOPsf

;+j]bgzLn ljifox?nfO{ Wofg lbg g;Sbf g]kfndf ljlwsf] zf;g, k4lt lgdf{0f / ;'zf;g sfod ug]{ lhDd]jf/Laf6 g]kfn ;/sf/ ljd'v x'Fb} uPsf] ;Gb]z k|jfx eO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] cfTd;Ddfg lug]{ o;k|sf/sf sfo{af6 :jfledfgL g]kfnLnfO{ lxgtfaf]w ePsf]tkm{ klg ;/sf/ ;+j]bgzLn xf];\ eGg] 6LcfO{ g]kfn rfxG5 . ctM hjfkmb]xL k|lqmof, ;'Joj:yf / ;'zf;g :yflkt xf];\ eg]/ cfkm\gf] hLjgsf] ;d]t kjf{x g/fvL b[9 c7f]6 / cbDo ;fx;sf ;fy ;bfrf/ k|j4{g cleofgdf nfUg'ePsf jl/i7 lrlsT;s 8f= uf]ljGb s]=;L=åf/f k|:t't dfuk|lt 6LcfO{ g]kfn P]Soj4tf k|s6 ub{5 . ;fy}, o;cl3 pxfF / g]kfn ;/sf/sf aLrdf ePsf] ;Demf}tf oyfzL3| sfof{Gjog ug{ 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfn g]kfn ;/sf/;dIf xflb{s cfXjfg ub{5 . >Lxl/ cof{n cWoIf @)&# d+l;/ %

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clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf lgnlDat k|d'v cfo'St nf]sdfg l;+x sfsL{sf] ;DaGwdf

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6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] cWoIfdf >Lxl/ cof{n 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] cWoIfdf jl/i7 clwjStf >Lxl/ cof{n lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf] 5 . 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] @)&# c;f]h !$ ut] sf7df8f}+df cfof]hgf u/]sf] @! cf}+ ;fwf/0f;efn] >L cof{nnfO{ cWoIf kbdf lgjf{lrt u/]sf] xf] . ;fwf/0f;efn] cWoIf;lxt cGo * hgfnfO{ sfo{;ldlt ;b:odf lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5 . lgjf{lrt sfo{;ldltsf ;b:ox?df >L /fds[i0f dfgGw/, >L kb\ldgL k|wfgfË, jl/i7 clwjStf >L nLnfk|;fb ;fksf]6f, 8f= /fdbofn /fs]z, jl/i7 clwjStf >L ;ljtf e08f/L a/fn, >L ;f]d/fh l;Ub]n, >L

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d's'Gbzdf{ kf}8]nM clxn] d'n'sdf e|i6frf/ a9]sf] 5 . xfd|f] /fhgLlts If]qdf of] ;d:of a9L 5 . lghfdtL ;]jfleq /fhgLlts bnlkR5]sf ;+u7g ag]sf 5g\, o;n] ;'zf;g sfod ug{ afwf k'u]sf] cg'e"lt w]/}n] ul//x]sf 5f}+ . e|i6frf/ lj?4 gful/snfO{ hfu?s agfpg 5f8\g'ePg . gful/s / ljleGg If]qsf dflg;nfO{ lgi7fjfg s;/L agfpg] < xfdL stf / s;/L hfg] eg]/ Pp6f vfsf agfpg' h?/L 5 .

clDasf >]i7M ;+:yfn] ;b:ox?nfO{ af]nfP/ ;'emfa lng 5nkmn sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 . of] sfo{ /fd|f] nfUof] . o;n] ;+:yfsf] cfufdL sfo{lbzf to ug{ ;3fpg]5 eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . h;/L eP klg ;+:yfsf] ;lqmotf a9fpg kfP x'GYof] eGg] ;a}sf] rfxgf 5– dnfO{ klg To:t} nfU5 .

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8f= kf08]M jt{dfg cWoIf / xfd|f] dgdf Pp6} kL8f 5 . ;+:yf :yfkgfb]lv clxn];Dd e|i6frf/ lj?4sf cleofg rnfO/x]sf 5f}+, t/ xfdLn] e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{ ;s]sf 5f}+ eGg] l:ylt eg] 5}gf}+ . ;dfhdf xfd|f] 5fk /fd|f] /xf];\ eGg @ s'/f x]g{'kg]{ x'G5 . Pp6f ;+:yfsf] 5lj / csf]{ ;+:yfsf] ljZj;gLotf xf] . ljZj;gLotf ;+:yfsf] k|efjsfl/tfn] a9fpF5 . ;+:yfn] slt n]lhl6d]6 9+un] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 To;sf cfwf/df 5lj aGb5 . afXo ;xof]unfO{ ;fwgsf ?kdf lng ;Sg'k5{ . ;fWosf ?kdf xf]Og . ;fdflhs ljs[ltlj?4sf lqmofzLntf l6lksn l;len ;f];fO6Lsf] d'Vo e"ldsf xf] . xfdLn] hlxn] klg k4lt ;'wf/sf nflu lqmofzLn x'g'k5{ . s'nz]v/ zdf{ cWoIf ePsf a]nf lghfdtL / dGqLkl/ifb\ ;b:osf] cfrf/;+lxtfnufotsf s]xL sfd ul/Psf lyP . To:tf sfd c? klg s]xL x'g ;S5g\ ls < 6LcfO{ sfo{;ldltn] Pp6f vfsf agfP/ dfq ;a}nfO{ af]nfPsf] eP cem 3lge"t 5nkmn ug{ ;lsGYof] eGg] nfU5 .

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pd]/ ;d"xsf dflg;nfO{ ;b:otf lbg] < ;b:otf a9fpg] ls ga9fpg] < a9fpFbf s'g If]qsf dflgnfO{ ;dfj]z u/fpg] < h:tf k|Zg cxd\ 5g\ . csf]{ s'/f e|i6frf/ s;n] u5{ < h;n] u/] klg lghLIf]qsf] e"ldsf dxÎjk"0f{ 5 . of] If]qdf s]nfpFb} hfFbf sf]–s;sf] gfd lng] s;sf] gfd glng] eGg] l:ylt cfpF5 . lghLIf]q;Fu xfdL s;/L sfd ug]{ < logLx?;Fu sfd gu/L xfdL ;kmn klg x'g ;Sb}gf}+ . 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] o'jf ;d"x kl/rfng ug]{ /0fgLlt agfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . :jR5 dflg;;Fu dfq sfd ug]{eGbf klg dflg;nfO{ :jR5 aGg k|]l/t ug{ klg ;Sg'k5{ . !÷@ j6f ljifo 5gf}6 u/L 6f:s kmf];{ agfcf}+ . To;n] lbPsf] ;'emfacg';f/ sfd ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . of] sfo{;ldltn] s]xL lhDd]jf/L lbP Tof] k"/f ug{ lqmofzLn /xg] k|ltj4tf;d]t JoSt ub{5 . uLtf s];/LM k4lt ;'wf/tkm{ xfd|f k|of;x? nlIft x'g'k5{ . gful/s ;dfh;Fusf] ;xsfo{n] xfdLnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ;S5 . k4lt ;'wf/ / sfg"g sfof{Gjogsf af/]df 6LcfO{n] cWoog ug{' h?/L 5 . s]bf/eSt dfy]dfM e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cleofg 5fofF;Fusf] n8fOF h:t} xf] . ljZjljBfnodf /fhgLlts x:tIf]k a9]sf] 5 . kbx? efua08f ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . xfdLn] of] s'/f x]/]/ al;/x]sf 5f}+ . xfd|f] /fhgLltn] ljZjljBfno l;WofO;s]sf] 5 . o; lj?4 h'Wg w]/} ufx|f] x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . lgo'St 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

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ultljlw x'g] dflg;sf] qmfO6]l/of agfP/ s8fOsf ;fy nfu" ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . of] ;+:yf ^)÷&) hgf dflg;sf] Sna h:tf] ePsf] 5 . g]kfndf :jfy{sf] åGå eGg] lrh g} g]kfnaf6 x/fO;s]sf] 5 . :jfy{sf] åGån] ;a} If]q tx;–gx; kfl/;s]sf] 5 . a? k~rfotsfndf cfjfh p7fpFy], t/ cfhsfn Tof] klg x/fO;s]sf] 5 . /fhgLltsdL{n] afFl8r'F8L vfO;s] . d'n'ssf] 7"nf elgPsf dflg;;Fu cGt/lqmof ubf{ pxfFx?nfO{ s]xLn] 5'Fb}g . cK7Øf/f] nfu]h:tf] dfq klg ub}{gg\ . v]d/fh /]UdLM 6LcfO{n] k4lt lgdf{0fdf nfUg'k5{ . ;+:yfsf] cl:tTj / o;n] s]xL u/]sf] 5 eGg] klg b]vfpg] xf] eg] s]xL km/s 9+un] sfd ug{ h?/L 5 . k|]; l/lnh lgsfn]/ r'k nfu]/ a;]/ dfq s]xL x'Fb}g . To;nfO{ ;Rofpg s8f 9+un] nfUg] xf] eg] Tof] k|efjsf/L x'G5 . * xhf/eGbf a9L ;'/Iff sdL{ 3/]n' sfdbf/sf ?kdf sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;sf] vf]hL u/L ;Rofpg ;lsG5 ls < clxn] klg y'k|} ;'/IffsdL{ cd's JolStsf] k'/fgf] yf]qf] 3/ s'/]/ a;]sf 5g\ < kjgs'df/ cf]emfM ;+:yfdf &) a9L pd]/ ;d"xsf dflg; eP klg ltgnfO{ ;lqmo agfpg ;lsG5 . s'g} ljifodf v'n]/ cufl8 cfpg ;lsG5 . b]lvg] s'/f ug{ ;lsG5 . dfly a;]sf dflg;n] d'n's lauf/]sf 5g\ . :jf:Yo pk/rfsf nflu %) nfv lbOPsf] 36gfnfO{ g} pbfx/0f agfcf}+ . k|:tfljt lgodfjnL sfof{Gjog ug{ cl3 a9\g] xf] ls < xfdLn] klAnsn] b]Vg] ljifodf sfd ug{ h?/L 5 . sfo{;ldltn] PS;g Knfg k|:tfj ug{' j]z x'G5 . To;sf cfwf/df ;+:yfsf] sfo{lbzf to ug{' h?/L 5 . /fhgLltsf sf/0fn] e|i6frf/ a9]sf] xf] eGg] s'/fdf s;}sf] b'O{dt 5}g . o;}df nfu]/ x]/f}+ . of] ;+:yfsf ;b:ox? k|wfgdGqL sxfF uP/ af]Ng] xf] eg] kSsf klg s]xL k|efj kg]{5 . o;f] u/f}+ ls p;f] u/f}+ eg]/ a;]/ x'Fb}g . ho/fdl;+x af]xf]/fM hxfF klg e|i6frf/dfq b]lv/x]sf] 5' . Pp6f ljifo ;dft]/ To;sf] ;'wf/sf nflu clGtd xb;Dd nflu /xg'kg]{ cfjZostf b]V5' . ;a} sfd Ps} k6s ug{ vf]h]/ ;lsFb}g . k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f u/f}+ . ;'/]z/fh rfln;]M ;b:ox?sf] cjwf/0ff a'em\g]

sfd /fd|f] nfUof] . xfd|f] sfd ug]{ z}nL kl/jt{g ug{' h?/L 5 . ;+:yfsf] lqmofzLntf a9fpg' k¥of] . s] ljifodf s]–s:tf] lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ug]{ eGg] af/]df :k]l;lkms eP/ sfd ug{' h?/L 5 . ;a} ;b:ox?sf] 56k6L s]xL sfd ug{ ;lsPg eGg] g} 5 . e|i6frf/ ug]{ JolStn] pGd'lSt kfO/x]sf 5g\ . t]n / kfgL ldn]/ lkgf aflx/ kf/]sf] l:ylt 5 . kfln{ofd]G6 s]xL dflg;x?n] s/fpg] ynf]dfq ag]sf] 5 . ToxfFsf ;b:ox? ;'ljwf j[l4df s]lGb|t 5g\ . 8f= uf]ljGb s];Lh:tf dflg; xfF;f]sf] kfq aGg nfu]sf 5g\ . xfdLn] ;'gfpg'kg]{ dflg; ckdfg cg'ej ub}{g . cgf}7f]vfnsf] /fhgLlts ju{nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul//x]sf 5f}+ . clxn]sf] sfo{z}nLn] o;nfO{ cem} lg/Gt/tfdfq lbg]5 . of] n]vk9dfq ug]{ xf]Og, gful/ssf] kL8f a'em\g] ;+:yf klg xf] eGg] kf/f}+ . cflbTodfg >]i7M xfd|f] ;d:of a]OdfgLdfq xf] /x]5 . ;d:of t /Fb}/x]g5 . s'ndfg l;+xn] nf]8;]l8ªnfO{ s'g} ;d:of g} xf]Og eGg] kfl/lbP . z/RrGb| j:tLM efiff zAbnfO{ 6'KkLdf ;dft]/ lxFl8/x]sf] 5– dflg;n] . efiffn] h:tf] e|i6frf/ s] n] unf{ < t]nsf] d"No ;dfof]hg ul/Psf] 5 elgG5, Tof] t d"No a9fOPsf] xf] . ;+:yfn] PlS6lehd ug'{ h?/L 5 . hfkfgdf eP ljifo vf]Hg'kYof]{ xf]nf, t/ g]kfndf ljifosf] sdL 5}g . 6LcfO{n] w]/} ljifodf sfd ug{ ;S5 . :jf:Yo pkrf/sf nflu lbOPsf] %) nfvsf ljifoaf6 sfd yfnf}+ . >Lxl/ cof{nM d}n] ;+:yfnfO{ gful/s;Fu hf]8\g'k5{ eg]sf] lyPF . ;+:yfsf ;a} ;b:o ;dfg 5g\ . d}n] s]xL k|:tfj u/]/ To;df 5nkmn u/fpg'eGbf ;fyLx?sf] efjgf a'em]/ cl3 a9\g] k|oTgdfq u/]sf] xf] . ;b:o / gful/s ;dfhsf ;b:ox?;d]tsf] ;xof]u lnP/ s]–s] ug{ ;lsG5 vf]hL ul//x]sf 5f}+ . ;+:yfdf /x]sf] ;|f]t–;fwg sdeGbf sd vlr{P/ sfd ug]{ k|oTg ul//x]sf 5f}+ . dxfb]jhLsf] ;++of]hsTjdf ag]sf] cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu kxn ug]{5' . ;a} ;b:osf] ;xof]u / ;'emfanfO{ dgg u/L cl3 a9\g]5f}+, k|ltj4tf JoSt ub{5' . xfdLn] /fd|f] sfd ug{ ;s] ;~rf/dfWodn] ;fy lbg]5g\ eGg] ljZjf; u/]sf 5f}+ .9

e|i6frf/;“u o'4 u/f}“ cfkm\gf] b]znfO{ dfof u/f}“ 30 kf/bzL{ . d+l;/ @)&#

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

ultljlw

e"sDkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / k'gjf{;df ;bfrf/ sfo{qmd 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn -6LcfO{_ g]kfnn] o'/f]lkog o'lgogsf] ;xof]udf e"sDkaf6 clt k|efljt lhNnfx?df e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / k'gjf{;df ;bfrf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 . ;+:yfn] ;f] sfo{qmd uf]vf{, wflbË, g'jfsf]6, /;'jf, dsjfgk'/, cf]vn9'Ëf, /fd]5fk, l;Gw'nL, bf]nvf, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, sfe|]knf~rf]s, sf7df8f}+, nlntk'/ / eStk'/nufotsf rf}wj6f lhNnfx?df ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 . k|:t't sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] ;g\ @)!^ sf] d] !@ df o'/f]lkog o'lgog;Fu ;Demf}tf ;DkGg u/]sf] lyof] . of] sfo{qmdn] e"sDkkl5 ;/sf/ / cGo ;fem]bf/af6 ePsf k'glg{df{0f / k'gjf{; ubf{ hjfkmb]xL, kf/blz{tf / u'0f:t/ sfod ug{ ;xof]uL e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ p2]Zo lnPsf] 5 . ;f] sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf nflu ;g\ @)!^ sf] d] @ ( sf lbg :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[lt k|fKt ePsf] lyof] . To:t}, ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\n] ;f] sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf nflu ;g\ @)!^ sf] h'nfO{ $ df :jLs[lt lbPsf] lyof] . lhNnfdf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltaf6 :jLs[lt lng'kg]{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|fjwfg cg'?k sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf lhNnfx?af6 ljleGg ldltdf :jLs[lt lnOof] . 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / k'gjf{;df ;bfrf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ljleGg lhNnfdf sfd ug{ rfxg] g]kfnL gful/sx?nfO{ cfj]bg lbg cfXjfg ub}{ ;g\ @)!^ sf] h'nfO{ !# df b lxdfnog 6fOD; / h'nfO{ !% df sflGtk'/ b}lgsdf Ps lj1fkg k|sfzg u¥of] . lj1fkgdf pNn]lvt of]Uotf k'u]sf cfj]bsx?nfO{ k/LIff / cGtjf{tf{df ;fd]n u/fO{ lhNnf clws[tx? 5gf}6 ul/of] .

5gf}6 ul/Psf clws[tx?nfO{ ;g\ @)!^ cui6 @^ tfl/vsf lbg 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] ;efsIfdf Ps sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/L 6L cfO{ g]kfn / e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / k'gjf{;df ;bfrf/ sfo{qmdsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbOof] . To; cj;/df 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] sfo{qmd clws[tx?;Fu ;]jf, ;'ljwf / kfl/>lds pNn]v ul/Psf] ;Demf}tf klg ul/Psf] lyof] . o;kl5 lhNnf clws[tx?n] ;g\ @)!^ ;]K6]Da/ ! b]lv 6LcfO{ g]kfndf sfof{/De u/] . o;qmddf lhNnf clws[tx?n] pkTosfafx]ssf cfkm" ;Da4 !! lhNnfdf sfof{no :yfkgf, kmlg{r/ Joj:yfkg, 6]lnkmf]g h8fg cflbsf] k|aGw u/] . lhNnf clws[tx?n] ;b/d'sfdl:yt ;/sf/L sfof{nox?df uO{ ;Da4 clwsf/Lx?;Fu e]63f6 u/] . pgLx?n] 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] ;~rfng ul//x]sf] cfOkLOcf/cf/ sfo{qmdsf af/]df ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx?nfO{ hfgsf/L klg pknAw u/fP . ;fy} clws[tx?n] cfOkLOcf/cf/ sfo{qmd;Da4 ;"rgfx? klg ;+sng ug{ yfn] . lhNnfl:yt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;Dks{ gDa/, Od]n, e"sDk k|efljtx?sf] Iflt ljj/0f ;Da4 ;"rgf ;+sng ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . cg'bfg ljt/0f ;DaGwdf gful/sx?af6 k|fKt u'gf;f]x? ;+sng ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / k'gjf{;df ;bfrf/ sfo{qmd;DaGwL cled'vLs/0f tyf d"Nof+sg sfof{zfnf sfo{qmddf !# lhNnfsf lhNnf clws[tx?nfO{ ;xefuL u/fOPsf] 5 . cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd ;g\ @)!^ sf] gf]e]Da/ !# / !$ tfl/vsf lbg sf7df8f}+df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .9

;ª\lIfKt ultljlw 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] @! cf}+ ;fwf/0f;ef 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn -6LcfO{_ g]kfnn] @! cf}+ ;fwf/0f;ef ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . @)&# c;f]h !$ ut] sf7df8f}+df ;DkGg ;fwf/0f;efn] jl/i7 clwjStf >Lxl/ cof{nnfO{ cWoIf kbdf lglj{/f]w

lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5 . ;fy}, ;fwf/0f;efn] /fds[i0f dfgGw/, klßgL k|wfgfË, nLnfk|;fb ;fksf]6f, 8f= /fdbofn /fs]z, ;f]d/fh l;Ub]n, eLdaxfb'/ >]i7, ;ljtf e08f/L a/fn / ;+:yfut ;b:odf /fli6«o Jofj;flos kxnnfO{ sfo{;ldltsf] ;b:osf ?kdf lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5 . 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

d+l;/ @)&# . kf/bzL{

ultljlw 6LcfO{ g]kfndf kbflwsf/L lgo'St

cfO{kLO{cf/cf/ kl/rofTds sfo{qmd

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn -6LcfO{_ g]kfnsf cWoIf >Lxl/ cof{nn] sfo{;ldlt ;b:ox?dWo]af6 kbflwsf/L lgo'St ug{'ePsf] 5 . cWoIf cof{nn] 6LcfO{ gkfnsf] ljwfg @)%# sf] wf/f #) cg';f/ pkfWoIfdf 8f= /fdbofn /fs]z, dxf;lrjdf klßgL k|wfgfË / /fds[i0f dfgGw/nfO{ sf]iffWoIfsf ?kdf dgf]lgt ug{'ePsf] 5 . cWoIf cof{nn] tL dgf]gog @)&# sflQs ! ut] ug{'ePsf] xf] .

e"sDkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / k'gjf{;df ;bfrf/ -cfO{kLO{cf/cf/_ sfo{qmd ;~rfng eO/x]sf lhNnfx?dWo] uf]/vf, g'jfsf]6, dsjfgk'/, sfe|], l;Gw'kfNrf]sdf kl/rofTds sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmd uf]/vfdf @)&# d+l;/ !! ut], g'jfsf]6df !@ ut], dsjfgk'/df !#, sfe|]df !& ut] / l;Gw'kfNrf]sdf !( ut] ;DkGg ePsf x'g\ .

Pnfs cfp6l/r ;Demf}tf 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn -6LcfO{_ g]kfnn] Pnfs cfp6l/r sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ lrtjg, ?kGb]xL, sf:sL, u'NdL, ;'v]{t, s}nfnL lhNnfl:yt 6LcfO{ g]kfn cfa4 ;+:yfx?;Fu ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . pSt ;Demf}tf @)&# sflQs !^ ut] ul/Psf] xf] .

g]kfndf /fli6«o ;bfrf/ k|j4{g sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 6LcfO{ g]kfn cfa4 ;+:yfx?sf] ultljlw d"Nof+sg / ;dLIff ug{sf nflu 6LcfO{ g]kfn ;lrjfnosf] b'O{ 6f]nLn] lhNnf e|d0f ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . ;f] e|d0f6f]nL @)&# d+l;/ !^ ut] afFs] / !& ut] bfª uPsf] lyof] .

;b:ox?af6 ;'emfa ;+sng

;bfrf/ ;Ddfg;DaGwL ;"rgf k|sflzt

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn -6LcfO{_ g]kfnn] ;b:o e]nf ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . ;+:yfsf] e"ldsf yk k|efjsf/L agfpg ;b:ox?af6 ;'emfa ;ª\sng ug]{ p2]Zon] pSt e]nf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] . e]nf @)&# d+l;/ # ut] z'qmaf/ 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] ;efsIfdf ;DkGg ePsf] xf] .

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn -6LcfO{_ g]kfnn] k|bfg ug]{ ;bfrf/ ;Ddfgsf nflu of]Uo JolSt tyf ;+:yfx? l;kmfl/; u/L k7fpgsf nflu ;fj{hlgs cfXjfg ub}{ sflGtk'/ b}lgsdf ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . @)&# sflQs d;fGtleq k|fKt eO;Sg] u/L pknAw u/fOlbg cfXjfg ul/Psf] ;f] ;"rgf sflQs ( ut]sf] sflGtk'/ b}lgs / !) ut]sf] gful/s b}lgsdf k|sfzg ul/Psf] lyof] .

kqsf/;Fu e]63f6 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn -6LcfO{_ g]kfnsf] @! cf}+ ;fwf/0f;efåf/f lgjf{lrt sfo{;ldltn] ;'zf;g / e|i6frf/ la6df ljleGg ;~rf/dfWoddf l/kf]l6{ª ul//x]sf ;~rf/sdL{x?;Fu e]63f6 u/]sf] 5 . pSt e]63f6 sfo{qmddf pkl:yt ;~rf/sdL{x?n] ;'zf;g k|j4{g / e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] l/kf]l6{ªdf 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ cfu|x u/] . To:t}, n]vgj[lQn] vf]hd"ns kqsfl/tfnfO{ ;3fpg] atfP . To:t}, ;~rf/sdL{x?n] 6LcfO{ g]kfndf ;+nUg JolStx? g]kfn ;/sf/sf dxÎjk"0f{ kbdf /lx;s]sf] x'Fbf dxÎjk"0f{ ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg ;Sg] ePsfn] To;tkm{ ;f]Rg klg cfu|x u/] .

g]kfndf /fli6«o ;bfrf/ k|j4{g sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg

8f= uf]ljGb s];Lsf] cfGbf]ngdf P]Soj4tf lrlsT;fIf]qdf a9\bf] ljs[t Jofj;foLs/0fsf] lj/f]w, u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf / ;'zf;g k|j4{gh:tf ljifonfO{ k|d'v d'2f agfO{ bzf}+k6s cg;g a:g'ePsf 8f= uf]ljGb s]=;L=sf] cleofgk|lt P]Soj4tf hgfpFb} 6LcfO{ g]kfn sfo{;ldltn] e]63f6 u/]sf] 5 . 8f= s];L 6LcfO{ g]kfnaf6 k|bfg ul/g] /fli6«o ;bfrf/ ;Ddfg @)&@ åf/f lje"lift JolStTj x'g\ . pSt e]63f6 @)&# d+l;/ ^ ut] ul/Psf] xf] .9

e|i6frf/nfO{ r'gf}tL lbg' o'jfx?sf] bfloTj xf] 32 kf/bzL{ . d+l;/ @)&#

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

lhNnf ultljlw

aLPgcfO{Pg kl/of]hgfsf lqmofsnfk 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] l;/fxf, /f}tx6, bf]nvf, eStk'/, ?kGb]xL, afun'ª, afFs], bfª / bfr{'nfl:yt :yfgLo gful/s ;+:yfdfkm{t\ g]kfndf ;bfrf/ k|j4{g kl/of]hgf ;~rfng ub}{cfPsf] 5 . o; kl/of]]hgfcGtu{t ;~rflnt lqmofsnfk oxfFx?sf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu k|:t't u/]sf 5f}+ .

/f}tx6M lqmPl6e u|'k ckm g]kfn df]afOn Pnfs sfo{qmd lqmPl6e u|'k ckm g]kfnn] /f}tx6 lhNnfl:yt Onfsf k|zf;g sfof{no u?8f, dfnkf]t tyf gfkL sfof{no / dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{nodf df]afOn Pnfs -x]Nk 8]:s_ sfo{qmd ;~rfng u¥of] . 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfndf cfa4 ;f] ;+:yfn] @)&# c;f]h $ ut] u?8fdf ;~rfng u/]sf] x]Nk 8]:sdf # j6f u'gf;f k|fKt ePsf lyP . o;}u/L dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{nodf @)&# d+l;/ ! ut] ;~rfng ul/Psf] df]afOn Pnfs sfo{qmddf ## j6f u'gf;f] ;+sng ul/Psf] lyof] . To:t} dfnkf]t tyf gfkL sfof{nodf eg] @)&# c;f]h ( b]lv !! ut] ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . x]Nk 8]:sdf k|fKt u'gf;f]x? ;DaGGwdf ;DalGwt sfof{nodf uO{ 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] .

;xefuL u/fOPsf] lyof] . ;xefuL ljBfyL{nfO{ ;+:yfsf cWoIf /fd zdf{n] ;'zf;g, ;bfrf/, gful/s st{Jo, e|i6frf/lj?4sf] cleofgsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . ;8s gf6s

5nkmn sfo{qmd

hjfkmb]lxtfsf nflu c;n l5d]sL g]kfnsf] ;+of]hgdf ;8s gf6s k|bz{g ul/Psf] 5 . gf6s lj=;+= @)&# sflQs !) ut] afun'ª ahf/l:yt ;dLIffno rf]sdf ck/fXg $M#) b]lv %M#) ;Dd k|bz{g ul/Psf] xf] . wf}nflu/L 6]lnlehgdf sfo{/t tLg5Ss} l6dsf k|d'v /jL sfsL{ nufotsf & hgf snfsf/x?n] ;f] gf6s k|bz{g u/]sf x'g\ . gf6s dfkm{t ;fj{hlgs kbdf axfn kbflwsf/LnfO{ gful/s k|lt pQ/bfoL x'g'kg]{, ;dfhdf ;bfrf/ / ;'zf;g clej[l4 ug{ /fhgLlts bnsf] g]t[TjnfO{ va/bf/L ub}{ gful/sn] klg ;fy lbg'kg]{ ;Gb]z k|jfx ug]{ p2]Zo /flvPsf] lyof] .

ls|Pl6j u|'k ckm g]kfnn] :yfgLo lgsfodf kf/blz{tf ljifos 5nkmn sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmd ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] pklyltdf @)&# d+l;/ !# ut] ;DkGg ul/Psf] xf] . sfo{qmddf pkl:yt ;~rf/sdL{x?n] :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ kf/bzL{ / hjfkmb]xL agfpg Jofks bjfj l;h{gf ug{'kg]{ atfP . sfo{qmddf /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo ;~rf/dfWodsf @@ hgf ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] pkl:ylt /xsf] lyof] .

hjfkmb]lxtfsf nflu c;n l5d]sL g]kfnn] @)&# ebf} !% ut] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no afun'ªdf df]afOn Pnfs -x]Nk 8]:s_ ;~rfng uof]{ . u'gf;f] ;'Ggsf nflu cfof]lht df]afOn Pnfs sfo{qmddf cf7 j6f u'gf;f] k|fKt ePsf lyP . tL u'gf;f]x?af/] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L;Fu 5nkmn klg ul/Psf] lyof] . x]Nk 8]:sdf $! gful/sn] ;f]wk'5 u/]sf lyP .

df]afOn Pnfs sfo{qmd

afun'ªM hjfkmb]lxtfsf nflu c;n l5d]sL

afFs]M afu]Zj/L c;n zf;g Sna

;xkf7L ;xhstf{ tflnd

df]afOn Pnfs -x]Nk 8]:s_

hjfkmb]lxtfsf nflu c;n l5d]sL g]kfnn] @)&# sflQs ( ut] afun'ªdf ;xkf7L ;xhstf{ tflnd sfo{qmd ;~rfng u¥of] . e|i6frf/lj?4 hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] cfof]lht ;f] sfo{qmddf afun'ª lhNnfsf rf/ ljBfnosf ljBfyL{x?nfO{

afu]Zj/L c;n zf;g Sna g]kfnu~hn] @)&# d+l;/ ! ut] lhNnf eG;f/ sfof{no afFs]df df]jfOn Pnfs -x]Nk 8]:s_ sfo{qmd ;~rfng u¥of] . x]Nk 8]:sdf !! j6f u'gf;f] k|fKt eP . pSt u'gf;f]x? pk/ ;f]xL lbg ;DalGwt clwsf/L ;dIf 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

d+l;/ @)&# . kf/bzL{

lhNnf ultljlw ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu a}7s afu]Zj/L c;n zf;g Sna g]kfnu~hn] @)&# sflt{s !! ut] a}hfk'/ uf=la=;= afFs]df ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu e]63f6 sfo{qmd u/]sf] 5 . e]63f6 sfo{qmddf ljleGg If]qsf @$ hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;xefuLx?n] ;'zf;gk|lt ;r]t /x]/ ;xof]u ug]{ k|lta4tf hfx]/ ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . o;sf] d'Vo p2]Zo lhNnfdf s] s;/L ;'zf;g / kf/blz{tf k|j4{g ug]{ eGg] af/]df 5nkmn ug{' /x]sf] lyof] ;8s gf6s hgr]tgf tyf lzIffsf sf/0f k5fl8 k/]sf gful/sx?df e|i6frf/lj?4sf] r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ Wo]o lnO{ afu]Zj/L c;n zf;gsf] ;+of]hgdf ;8s gf6s k5'tf] k|bz{g ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] gf6s afFs] lhNnfl:yt ljs6 If]qsf ?kdf kl/lrt /fKtL kfl/sf] d6]lxof uflj;df @)&# sflQs @^ ut] k|bz{g ul/Psf] xf] . gf6sdf Ps hgf ;/sf/Lsd{rf/L s;/L rf}tkmL{ bafadf k5{g\ / ljleGg axfgf agfO 3'; lng yfN5g\ < Ps ;]jfu|fxLsf] sfd ul/lbP/ 3'; lnFbflnFb} clVtof/n] tL sd{rf/LnfO{ /+u]xft kqmfp u5{ . cGTodf cfkm}+n] u/]sf] sfdsf] kZrftkdf tL sd{rf/L pgsf kl/jf/;d]t k5{g\ . tL sd{rf/Ln] gf6s x]g{ cfPsf gful/sx?nfO{ ;fIfL /fvL slxn] klg 3'; glng] k|0f u5{g\ / gf6s ;lsG5 .

?kGb]xLM kf/bzL{ ;/f]sf/ ;d"x ;8s gf6s– k5'tf] kf/bzL{ ;/f]sf/ ;d"xsf] ;+of]hgdf @)&# ebf} ( ut] ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf x'g] l9nf;':tL, x}/fgL, 3'; cflbsf af/]df :yfgLo gful/sx?sf] r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] gf6s k5'tf] k|bz{g ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] gf6s a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsf / 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf k|bz{g ul/Psf] xf] . gf6s o'lgs d'lehsf snfsf/n] tof/ u/L k|bz{g u/]sf x'g\ . tLh uLt k|ltof]lutf kf/bzL{ ;/f]sf/ ;d"xn] :yfgLo a'4 ;fd'bflos 6]lnlehg;Fusf] ;xsfo{df lth uLt k|ltof]lutf ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . @)&# ebf} !^ ut] g]kfnL dlxnfx?sf] dxfgkj{ xl/tflnsf tLhsf cj;/df ;f] kj{nfO{ s]jn dgf]/~hgsf] ?kdf dfq geO{ s]xL hgr]tgfd"ns agfpg] p2]Zo /flvPsf] lyof] .

34 kf/bzL{ . d+l;/ @)&#

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

uLt dfkm{t e|i6frf/ Go"gLs/0f tyf ;bfrf/ k|j4{g ljifos ;Gb]z k|jfx ug]{ nIo /flvPsf] lyof] . ;'zf;g k|j4{gdf uflj; ;lrjsf] e"ldsf kf/bzL{ ;/f]sf/ ;d"x a'6jn / lhlj; ?kGb]xLn] @)&# sflt{s !) ut] ;'zf;g k|j4{gdf uflj; ;lrjsf] e"ldsf ljifos 5nkmn sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . hg;xeflutf, hjfkmb]xL, b"/blz{tf / OdfGbf/LnfO{ Wofg lbP/ sfd u/] dfq} uflj;df ;'zf;g sfod ug{ ;lsg] s'/f 5nkmnsf] s]Gb|df /Xof] . sfo{qmddfkm{t :yfgLo lgsfo hgk|ltlglwljxLg ePsf] cj:yfdf uflj; ;lrj g} lhDd]jf/ x'g'kg]{ lgisif{ lgsflnPsf] lyof] . ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmd kf/bzL{ ;/f]sf/ ;d"x a'6jnn] a'6jn a]nlxof ;8s lgdf{0f / l9nf;':tL ljifos ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . pSt sfo{qmd @)&# d+l;/ ^ ut] lhNnfsf ;a} ;8s lgwf{l/t ldltd} ;DkGg ug{ bjfj lbg] p2]Zon] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] .

bf]nvfM dfgjclwsf/ ;r]tg tyf ljsf; s]Gb| -x'/f8]s_ g]kfn 5nkmn sfo{qmdd dfgj clwsf/ ;r]tg tyf ljsf; s]Gb| -x'/f8]s_ g]kfn bf]nvfn] ;Rrl/q lzIff / ;'zf;g ljifos 5nkmn sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmd @)&# c;f]h !^ ut] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] . sfo{qmddf dlxnf clwsf/ d~r bf]nvfdf cfa4 dlxnf clwsf/sdL{x?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . u};;df ;'zf;g dfgjclwsf/ ;r]tg tyf ljsf; s]Gb| -x'/f8]s_ g]kfn bf]nvfn] u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfn] kfngf ug{'kg]{ cfrf/;+lxtfsf af/]df Ps 5nkmn sfo{qmd ;GkGg u/]sf] 5 . u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+3 g]kfnn] hf/L u/]sf] ;f] cfrf/;+lxtf / To;sf] sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf 5nkmn ug{ @)&# ====== ut] pSt 5nkmn sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfndf cfa4 x'/f8]s g]kfnn] 5nkmnsf nflu :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ cfdGq0f u/]sf] lyof] . x'/f8]ssf cWoIf xf]d kf7sn] u};;df ;'zf;g sfod ug{ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+3n] hf/L

lhNnf ultljlw u/]sf] cfrf/;+lxtf kfngf ug{' cfjZos /x]sf] x'Fbf ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?;Fu 5nkmn ug{ sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] atfpg'eof] . 5nkmn sfo{qmdsf ;xefuL u};; k|ltlglwx?n] bf]nvf lhNnfdf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+3sf] e"ldsf sdhf]/ ePsf] l6Kk0fL u/]sf lyP . u};; k|ltlglwx?n] u};;leq cfGtl/s ;'zf;g sfod ug{sf nflu u};; dxf;+3sf] e"ldsf k|efjsf/L x'g' cfjZos /x]sf] atfpFb} u};;sf] cfrf/;+lxtf kfngf ug]{ k|ltj4tf hgfP .

bfr'{nfM ;dfh sNof0f ;dfh ;dfh sNof0f ;dfh bfr{'nfn] ;'zf;g / kf/blz{tf ljifos e]63f6 sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmd @)&# ebf} @) ut] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] . l;km\6L uflj;df cfof]lht sfo{qmddf :yfgLo ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . uflj;df ;'zf;g / kf/blz{tf sfod ug]{ k|efjsf/L sbdx? s] s] x'g;S5g\ eGg] ljifodf e]63f6 s]lGb|t /x]sf] lyof] . ;xefuLx?n] ;'zf;gk|lt ;r]t /xL ;xof]u ug]{ k|ltj4tf JoSt u/]sf lyP .

df]afOn Pnfs -x]Nk 8]:s_ ljsf;sf nflu ;fdflhs ;b\efj bfªn] lhNnf gfkL sfof{nodf df]afOn Pnfs -x]Nk 8]:s_ ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . sfo{qmd @)&# sflQs % ut] ;DkGg ul/Psf] xf] . sfo{qmddf @& hgfn] ;f]wk'5 u/]sf lyP .

eStk'/M cf1f ;f]zn sG;g{ lzIfs cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd cf1f ;f]zn sG;g{ eStk'/n] lzIfs cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmd @)&# sflQs @ ( ut] ;DkGg ul/Psf] xf] . cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmddf lhNnfsf !) j6f ljBfnosf lzIfsx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmdn] sIff * ( / !) df cWofkg u/fpg] lzIfsx?nfO{ ;'zf;g, hjfkmb]xL / 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbg] p2]Zo /flvPsf] lyof] .

l;/fxfM ;fd'bflos ljsf; ;ldlt ;8s gf6s

;dfh sNof0f ;dfh bfr{'nfn] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?;Fu cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmd @)&# efb| @@ ut] ;DkGg ul/Psf] xf] . cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf !^ hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

;fd'bflos ljsf; ;ldlt l;/fxfsf] ;+of]hgdf cfhsf e|i6 sd{rf/L ;8s gf6s k|bz{g ul/Psf] 5 . ;8s gf6s @)&# d+l;/ !! ut] zlgjf/ k|bz{g ul/Psf] xf] . l;/fxf gu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+= & l:yt OdnL rf]sdf k|blz{t gf6sdf ;j{;fwf/0f gful/sn] ;/sf/L ;]jf lnghfFbf ef]Ug'kg]{ ;d:of phfu/ ug]{ p2]Zo /flvPsf] lyof] .

bfªM ljsf;sf nflu ;fdflhs ;b\efj

e]63f6 sfo{qmd

ljsf;sf nflu ;fdflhs ;b\efj bfªn] ;xkf7L ;xhstf{ tflnd sfoqmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmd @)&# c;f]h / sflQsdf ;DkGg ul/Psf] xf] . lhNnfsf rf/ j6f ljBfnosf ljBfyL{x?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;bfrf/, ;'zf;g / gful/ssf] st{Jo tyf e|i6frf/sf af/]df ;xkf7Lsf] dxTjsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbOPsf] lyof] . c;f]h dlxgfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf !#^ hgf / sflQs dlxgfdf !@@ hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

;fd'bflos ljsf; ;ldlt l;/fxfn] e|i6frf/ lj?4 hgr]tgf j[l4 ug{ b]ljk'/ uflj;df e]63f6 sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 . sfo{qmd @)&# d+l;/ @$ ut] ;DkGg ul/Psf] xf] . lhNnfl:yt ;/sf/L sfof{nodf hfFbf gful/s a8fkq, ;"rgf clws[t, u'gf;f] k]l6sf nufotsf cfwf/e"t s'/fx?df Wofg lbg / ;]jf u|fxLn] lan jf /l;b eGbf a9L k};f glbg e]63f6df pkl:yt gful/sx?nfO{ cfXjfg ul/Psf] lyof] .9

cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd

ljj]sL xf]cf}“ Jofj;flos cfrf/;+lxtf kfng u/f}“ . 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

d+l;/ @)&# . kf/bzL{

cGtjf{tf{

dGqL–k|wfgdGqL g} e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{ k|ltj4 5}gg\ —wg/fh u'?ª wg/fh u'?ª g]kfnL sf+u|];sf tkm{af6 Joj:yflksf ;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj ug{'x'G5 . ;'zf;g / e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cleofg ljifodf s]lGb|t eO{ ;f+;b u'?ªn] 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] k|sfzg ug]{ a'n]l6g kf/bzL{sf nflu 6L Pg l3ld/];Fu ug{'ePsf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/;ª\If]k kf7ssf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu k|:t't u/]sf 5f}+ . ;/sf/sf] sfo{z}nL s:tf] nfu]sf] 5 < of] ;/sf/ ag]sf] !)) lbg k"/f eO;s]sf] 5 . of] ;donfO{ lgikIftfk"j{s d"Nof+sg ug]{ xf] eg] ;/sf/n] ef/L af]s]sf]] t/ b"/L kf/ ug{ g;s]sf] b]lvG5 . lj1fgn] eG5– Ps} 7fpFdf pleP/ 7"nf] ef/L af]Sg' / kl;gf aufpg'dfq sfd xf]Og . ef/L af]Sg]n] nlIft b"/L lxF8]s} x'g'k5{ . of] ;/sf/n] ef/L af]s]/ g cl3 ;¥of] g kl5 ;/]sf] 5 . o;n] s]xL ug{ ;s]s} 5}g . ;/sf/n] s;}nfO{ klg ldnfP/ nfg klg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . /fhgLlt Psfª\sL 9Ëaf6 rNg ;Sb}g . clxn] d'n'sdf k"0f{ ax'dt ePsf] s'g} /fhgLlt bn 5}g . t/, xfd|f /fhgLlts bnx?rflxF ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjog ug]{ 9f]sfdf 5g\ . ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjog Pp6f bnn] rfx]/dfq x'Fb}g, ;a} bn ldNg}k5{ . of] /fhgLlts bnx?sf] afWotf xf] . ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjog ug{ cufl8 a9\g vf]Hbf Tof] 9f]sf v'n]g eg] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug{ kl5 x6\g' x'Fb}g . s'g} /fhgLlts bn;Fu ;emf}tf ug{' cfjZos 5 eg] Tof] klg ug{'k5{ . oL b'j} s'/f x'g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . o; cy{df ;/sf/sf] sfo{z}nL cfznfUbf] 5}g .

u/]sf 5g\ . ;fdflhs ;~hfndf klg of] s'/f Jofks ePsf] 5 . ;'zf;gsf] cg'e"lt u/fpg ;/sf/df uPsf] klxnf] lbgb]lv g} km/s sfo{z}nL k:sg ;Sg'k5{ . klxn]sf] ;/sf/ h;/L rn]sf] lyof] clxn]sf] ;/sf/ klg To;}u/L rln/x]sf] 5 . klxn]sf] kbrfk kl5Nnf ;/sf/n] k5ØfO/x]sf 5g\ . ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf l9nf;'l:t p:t} 5 . kmfOnx? 7fpF–7fpFdf /f]lsP/ a;]sf x'G5g\ . lsg < Pp6} kmfOn cg'df]bg ug{ !) 7fpFdf k7fpg'k5{ . o;/L x]bf{ s]nfO{ ;'zf;g eGg] < To:tf] klg ;'zf;g x'G5 < ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt x'g t gful/sn] cfhsf] sfd ef]ln xf]Og, cfh} eof] eg]/ ;Gtf]if dfGg ;Sg'k5{ . e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{ s]xL kxn ePsf] h:tf] nfU5 <

xfd|f] d'n'sdf ;'zf;gsf] l:ylt s:tf] 5 <

e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug]{ Pp6f ynf] clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u xf] . ToxL lgsfosf] k|d'v e|i6frf/df r'n{'Dd 8'a]/ dxfcleof]u k|:tfj btf{ ug{'kg]{ afWofTds kl/l:ylt l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . oxL Pp6f pbfx/0fn] dfq} klg e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f xf]Og, emg\ a9]/ uPsf] b]vfpF5 . e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf] s'/} 5f8f}+ Go"gLs/0f ePsf] klg b]lVbg .

s]xL ;docl3 sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf ubf{ klg ;]l6Ëdf eof] eg]/ ;~rf/dfWodn] ;fj{hlgs

;'zf;g k|j4{g / e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug]{

36 kf/bzL{ . d+l;/ @)&#

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cGtjf{tf{ Ph]G8fnfO{ s'g} klg ;/sf/n] k|fyldstfdf /fVg g;Sg'sf] sf/0f s] x'g;S5 < em/f]{ efiff k|of]u ug]{ xf] eg] nf]eL–kfkLx? w]/} eP, of] b]zdf . s]xL ug}{ g;Sg] dflg;x? ;/sf/df k'U5g\ . s]xL cl3sf] ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj u/]sf ;'zLn sf]O/fnfnfO{ TofuL g]tf eg]/ lrlgGYof] . pxfFn] e|i6frf/ lj?4 z"Go ;xgzLntf eg]/ k6s–k6s /f]i6daf6 af]Ng'eof], t/ pxfFsf kfnfdf klg e|i6frf/ sd ePg . s]kL cf]nL g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/sf kfnfdf klg sd ePg . of] ;/sf/ klg ToxL kbrfkdf lxFl8/x]sf] 5 . of] xfd|f] lj8Dagf xf], sf]xL ;fx|} Pu|]l;e 5g\, sf]xL d"lt{h:tf eP/ a;]sf 5g\ . oL b'j}n] sfd ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . ckjfbsf ?kdf sf]xL lg:sg' cs}{ s'/f xf], cGoyf nf]eL–kfkLx?sf] afx'No 5 . ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj ug{ k'u]sf] dflg; nf]e–kfkaf6 d'St /xg ;Sg'k5{ . ;/sf/n] e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f u5{' eg]/ nfUg] xf] eg] s;}sf] s]xL nfUb}g . dHhfn] lgoGq0f ug{ ;S5 . dGqL k|wfgdGqLn] s'g} xfntdf ;'zf;g :yfkgf u5{', e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f u5'{ eg]/ k|ltj4 eP/ nfUg] xf] eg] b'j} ;Dej 5 . g/f]lsg] eGg] g} x'Fb}g . rfxFbf Pp6f sd{rf/Ln] dfq} klg e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f u/]sf] pbfx/0f ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf s'ndfg l3l;ª x'g\ . nf]8;]l8ª gx'g] u/L sfd u5{' eGbf ;Dej x'Fbf]/x]5 t Û xfdLsxfF ;Lldt dflg;n] gful/snfO{ 7Ug], 5Ng] sfd ul//x]sf /x]5g\ eGg] pbfx/0fsf ?kdf klg o;nfO{ lng ;lsG5 . Pp6f sfof{nosf k|d'vn] rfxFbf b]zel/ k|efj kl//x]sf] 5 eg] dGqL / k|wfgdGqLn] rfxFbf gx'g] eGg] s'/} cfpFb}g . l3l;ªn] klg klxn]sfn] h:t} ug{ rfx]sf] eP clxn] nf]8;]l8ª eO/xGYof] . clxn]sf] 36gfn] pBf]uLx?;Fu k};f lnP/ lah'nL hlt pgLx?nfO{ clg gful/snfO{ cFWof/f]df /flv/x]sf] b]lvof] . k|ltj4tf ePsf] Pp6f sd{rf/Ln] t Tolt ug{ ;S5 eg] dGqL–k|wfgdGqLn] ug{ ;Sb}gg\ eg]/ s;/L eGg] < xfd|f dGqL–k|wfgdGqL;Fu ;'zf;g :yfkgf ug]{ / e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug]{ k|ltj4tf g} 5}g . o:tf ljifodf /fhgLlts bnleq cfjfh p7fpg'x'Gg < xfdLn] k|:6} eGg'k5{, /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx? rflxF b"wn] g'xfPsf 5}gg\ . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] !# cf}+ dxflwj]zgcl3sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7sdf eg]sf] lyPF– gLlt tyf sfo{qmd o:tf] /fvf}+, h;n] e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf] k|of; xfdLaf6} ;'? xf];\ . sDtLdf s]Gb|Lo kbflwsf/L / ;b:ox?n] cfkm\gf]

;DklQ ljj/0f ;fj{hlgs u/f}+ . o;f] ug{ ;s] s;sf] ;DklQ sxfFaf6 s;/L cfof] b]lvg;S5 . /fhgLlts bn z'4Ls/0f x'Fb} uPkl5 /fHo klg z'4Ls/0fsf] lbzfdf hfg yfN5 . bnLo Joj:yfdf /fHo ;~rfng /fhgLlts bnn] ug]{ xf] . /fhgLlts bnd} z'4Ls/0f x'Fb}g eg] /fHodf s;/L xf]nf < d}n} kf6L{df lnlvt?kd} oL s'/fx? k]z u/]sf] 5' . xfd|f /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?n] dfg]gg\ . pgLx? tof/ x'g g;Sg'sf] sf/0f s] xf] eg] ;a}sf] ;DklQ b]lvg] ef] Û oxfF /fhgLlt cfkm\gf nflu ul/Fb}cfPsf] 5, hals /fhgLlt b]z / gful/ssf nflu ug]{ xf] . k};f sdfpg] xf] eg] Jofkf/ Joj;fo u/]/ a:bf x'G5 . hflu/ vfP/ a;] x'G5 . To;f] eP ;'wf/ ;Dej 5}g < eP sxfFaf6 ;'? ug]{ <

;+;f/ stf uO/x]sf] 5 < g]t[Tj To;sf] hfgsf/L /fVg ;Sg]vfnsf] x'g'k5{ . g]t[Tjn] ;a} af}l4s s'/f hfGg'k5{ eGg] 5}g . To;sf af/]df ljz]if1x? af]nfP/ hfgsf/L lng ;lsPnf . t/, g]kfn jf xfd|f] ;dfh sxfF 5 < Tof] kQf] nufpg ;Sg] Ifdtf eg] x'g}k5{ . ;'wf/ ;Dej 5 . d}n] o; ljifodf ;+;b\df @ k6s af]ln;s]sf] 5' . ;'zLn sf]O/fnf k|wfgdGqL ePsf a]nfdf / pxfF;Fu e]6]/ klg eg] . s]kL cf]nL k|wfgdGqL x'Fbf lk|–ah]6sf a]nfdf klg eg]sf] lyPF, Pp6f sfo{qmd NofpmF eg]/ . To;a]nf ;/sf/df ePsfx?sf] pbf;Lgtfsf sf/0f Tof] sfo{qmd cfpg ;s]g . d cem} lg/fz ePsf] 5}g . s'g} lbg of] sfo{qmd NofP/} 5f8\g] 5' . d]/f] Pp6f of]hgf 5– e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f u/L ;'zf;g :yflkt ug]{ . ;ts{tf s]Gb| sfd gnfUg] eP/ a;]sf] 5 . clVtof/, ;DklQ z'4Ls/0fnufotsf ;+:yf cfk}mF c;'Ngkl§ nfu]sf 5g\ . ca o;/L x'Fb}g . d]/f] of]hgf s] xf] eg], d'n'snfO{ a}+lsª k|0ffnLdf 9fNg'k5{ . o;k|0ffnLdf ;Lldt /sd sl/a @)÷@% xhf/eGbf a9L gub rnfpg gkfpg] l:ylt l;h{gf ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . Osf8{ jf r]s k]d]G6 ug{'k5{ . 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

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PghLcf]x?n] xfdLsxfFsf] ;fdflhs cfGbf]ng ckx/0f ul/lbPsf 5g\ . u}/– ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] To;nfO{ Joj;fosf ?kdf lnPsf 5g\ . /fHo;+oGqnfO{ s;/L kf/bzL{ agfpg] < g]t[TjnfO{ s;/L lhDd]jf/ agfpg] < of] t ;du| d'n'ssf] ;'wf/sf] s'/f eof] xfd|f /fhgLlts bn g} kf/bzL{ 5}gg\ lg < /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfs} lx;fa–lstfa a}+sdfkm{t\ b]lvg] eP of] ;d:of x'g] lyPg . /fhgLlts bnsf] dtkl/0ffdcg';f/ /fHon] k|ltdt ! ?k}ofF pknAw u/fpg' pko'St x'G5 . clxn] /fhgLlts bnn] slt rGbf p7fpF5g\– yfx} x'Fb}g . bnsf] gfddf k|fKt /sd slt g]tfsxfF slt bndf k'U5, yfx} x'Fb}g . bnn] r'gfjsf] gfddf hyfefjL k};f lng x'Fb}g . xfd|f /fhgLlts bnx? kf/bzL{ 5}gg\, t/ x'g' cfjZos 5 . lgjf{rg cfof]un] dfUbf klg ljj/0f lbg c6]/ ul//x]sf 5g\ lg, xfd|f /fhgLlts bnx? < cfof]udf w]/} /fhgLlts bn ljj/0f a'emfpg} hfFb}gg\, uP klg emf/f 6fg]{vfnsf] ljj/0f lbP/ cfPsf 5g\ . bnx?n] l;w}+ 9fFl6/x]sf 5g\ . Pp6f /fhgLlts bnn] Pp6f lgjf{rg If]qdf !)÷!! nfveGbf a9L vr{ ug{ kfpFb}g . bnn] Pp6f df]6/;fOsn ¥ofnL

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ubf{ *÷!) nfv vr{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . oL 36gfn] k};f sxfFaf6 NofpFbf /x]5g\ eGg] b]vfpF5 . ;du| /fHosf] kf/blz{tfsf nflu d'n'snfO{ a}+lsª k|0ffnLleq ;dflxt u/fpg'k5{ . /fhgLlts bnn] r'gfj of h'g;'s} sfdsf nflu xf];\, sf]af6 slt Nofof], kf/bzL{ tj/n] b]vfpg ;Sg'k5{ . s'g} bn kf/bzL{ x'g tof/ 5}g eg] lgjf{rg cfof]un] To:tf bnnfO{ vf/]h ug{'k5{ . efujG8fsf] /fhgLltsf sf/0f k|f]km];gn dflg; lgo'St ug]{ 7fpFdf klg /fhgLlts sfo{stf{nfO{ lgo'St ul//flvPsf] 5, xf]Og < xfdLsxfF /fhgLlts sfo{stf{nfO{ k|fyldstf;fy lgo'St ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . unt k|rng a;]sf] 5 . 7fpF / sfdcg';f/sf] of]Uotf cfjZos x'g] zt{ /fvL k|lt:kwf{ u/fpg' k5{ . o;f] ubf{ hf] kfof] To;n] cfj]bg g} xfNg kfpFb}gg\ . sxfF–s:tf dflg; cfjZos 5g\ < To;sf] vf]hL ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . /fhgLlt ug]{ dflg; k|:6 x'g'k¥of], s] ug]{ < b]z / gful/ssf nflu /fhgLlt ug]{ ls hflu/ vfg hfg] < /fhgLlt ug]{n] pBf]usf] k|d'v jf hLPd aGg kfpmF eGg kfOFb}g . of] xfdLsxfFsf] ljs[lt xf] . unt k|j[lQ xfjL ePsf] 5 . :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rg gePsf] nueu !( jif{ eO;s]sf] 5 . of] lgjf{rg / ;'zf;gaLr s]xL ;DaGw 5}g < 5 . gful/sn] lgjf{lrt u/]sf k|ltlglwn] gful/sk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g'k5{ lsgeg] gful/sn] l;w}+ p;nfO{ e]6\5g\ / k|Zg ug{ kfpF5g\ . :yfgLo txdf gful/s / lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwaLr km/svfnsf] ;DaGw x'G5 . uflj; cWoIf xf]Og kmnfgf] bfO–efO jf lbbL–alxgL eg]/ ;Daf]wg u5{g\ . of] pgLx?aLrsf] cflTdotf xf] . To:tf k|ltlglwn] afWo eP/ cfkm\gf] /fhgLlts bn;Fu klg pQ/bfoL x'g'k5{ . geP :yfgLo gful/ssf] u'gf;f] /fhgLlts bn;Dd k'lu;s]sf] x'G5 . kl5 /fhgLlts bn ;lDdlnt ;j{bnLo ;ldlt agfOPsf] lyof] . To;n] yf}/} eP klg ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof], clxn] ToxL klg 5}g . af]nfpgrflxF ;+oGqsf gfddf ;a}nfO{ af]nfOG5, t/ emf/f 6fg{ . lsgeg] pgLx? klg lgjf{lrt xf]Ogg\ . af]nfPkl5 hfg] g} eP . To;a]nf pgLx?leqsf] nf]e al9;s]sf] x'G5 . o;n] lgjf{rg / ;'zf;gaLrsf] ;DaGw k|:6ØfpF5 .9

dhanraj.grg2022@gmailcom

cfn]v

Integrity in PostEarthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (IPERR) ààSarah Ho (Qualified solicitor in Hong Kong)

Building on past success, bracing up for new challenges Introduction On 25 April 2015, a devastating earthquake of magnitude 7.8 struck Nepal. This, together with countless aftershocks (including one of magnitude 7.3 that hit less than a month later), brought over 8,000 deaths and 600,000 damaged houses. Millions were left homeless and access to the remote rural areas was mostly cut off. All these have mounted drastic challenges to the newborn republic which has been struggling to rebuild the economy and social stability after a decade of civil unrest. International donors were quick to act and over $4 billion has been pledged in grants and loans during an international conference at Kathmandu in June 2015. Domestically, the Prime Minister’s Disaster Relief Fund has, as of 30 September 2015, disbursed NRs 15,401,600,000 to the Ministry of Home Affairs for emergency relief. The massive inflow of funds has been most encouraging, yet the most critical task that lies ahead is to ensure that each penny is properly spent to rebuild the country and livelihood. In view of the need to ensure transparency and accountability in post-earthquake recovery work, TIN has launched a new programme titled “Integrity in Post-Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (IPERR)”, which is funded by the European Union and will run for 5 years. Using a multi-pronged approach, the project focuses on three levels of the post-earthquake reconstruction process - policy, implementation, and post-implementation. TI Nepal will engage

with a wide range of stakeholders using a variety of approaches including advocating with the relevant reconstruction and procurement departments, engaging with civil society organisations, media, and the youth, as well as assessing financial reports and quality of infrastructure being rebuilt. Strategic approaches IPERR is a new and ambitious project, yet the experiences TIN has accumulated over the years have built a solid foundation of advocacy and civic engagement on which IPERR can leverage. In this article, I focus specifically on the experiences gained from the completed ALACDP and, drawing from these, I propose three strategic focuses in the implementation of IPERR: Targeted actions are required to achieve best efficiency and effectiveness - the experience of ALACDP has shown that targeted advocacy and civic awareness campaign, based on concrete evidence, is most effective in focusing stakeholders’ attention, and in facilitating consensus-building and grievance redressal. Dissemination of clear and specific information is key to drive public demand for integrity - information disclosure is the main reason behind the success of ALACDP and this should form the cornerstone of IPERR. Insofar as post-crisis reconstruction is concerned, the most relevant information is budget allocation, actual spending, and the expected result / progress. In order for the grassroots to grasp the relevant details, the information should be disseminated in a simple and easy-to-understand 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

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as honouring the best performing teams.

To mobiliseand sustain a higher degree of grassroots’ participation, they should take up a more integral role in monitoring work - given the scale of reconstruction and rehabilitation programs and the monitoring work involved, IPERR can expand on the community network established under the ALACDP and engage the grassroots in auditing the financial reports and evaluating the progress and quality of reconstruction work. This can unleash the potential of community collective action and build a foundation for long-term and proactive civic engagement and ownership.

Another purpose that performance benchmark can serve is to identify areas where special attention is needed so that TIN can focus its advocacy effort. Adopting the approach of ALACDP, after identifying the most problematic areas, TIN can work with partnering organisations to produce regular district- / programspecific progress reports to highlight the amount disbursed and committed, the work done so far, the gap in performance, citizens’ satisfaction, etc. These, together with concrete improvement suggestions, will form the basis for lobbying with the relevant district offices / ministries. Consensus reached during the meetings with relevant offices / ministries should then be recorded and made widely available to allow the public to gauge the performance of the relevant offices / ministries.

Targeted and evidence-based advocacy Given worldwide media and donors’ attention on postearthquake recovery in Nepal, there is no question of political willingness among the relevant government officials to produce convincing results of crisis recovery. This provides a key entry point to advocate with the government. Accurate and timely knowledge of the real impact of different reconstruction programs help policymakers set priorities and establish practical goals for performance improvement. Knowing the outcomes and their causal link with specific program inputs also provides reputational incentives for government officials to take targeted remedial / enhancement actions. The ALACDP experience has confirmed that advocating with the government can be most effective and efficient when it is properly targeted and based on sound evidence. Data collected from the baseline survey and grievances received through ALAC hotline helped to identify the most problematic offices and sectors in the district, to which TIN could focus its advocacy effort and resources. This should form the basic framework for advocacy under IPERR. To encourage a higher degree of accountability among the responsible officers, the data / evidence used for advocacy should identify the relevant offices / government departments in charge of the specific projects and link them to the progress and performance of the reconstruction programs concerned. One particularly useful way is to compile simple and clear performance indicators and benchmark using cross-district / cross-ministry data (e.g. comparing the amount of money disbursed, number of affected households, programs launched, houses rebuilt, citizens’ satisfaction, etc). This provides incentives for underperforming districts / offices to improve, as well

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Information dissemination Given the lack of institutional mechanism in Nepal to foster direct accountability between the grassroots and the policymakers, the most powerful means of increasing the voice of poor citizens is better information. Providing the grassroots with clear and easily digestible information that relates closely to their community and livelihood alerts them to deficiency in the reconstruction process and arouses their interest in participating in discussion and movements to demand transparency and accountability from the government. Information dissemination was a key component of ALACDP and contributed largely to the success of the program. Local radio broadcast, bulletins, billboards and other forms of public display raised public awareness and increased walk-in enquiries and corruption reporting. It also facilitated informed discussion among the grassroots and mobilised them to seek integrity in public offices. This has proven to be cheap, effective, and sustainable. The IPERR should build on this experience and continue to create an environment that embraces regular access to and deliberation of public information. This can also help to foster citizens’ awareness on the right to information. In order to generate meaningful voices, information given to the public has to be specific and easy-tounderstand (e.g. the amount allocated to a given community / project, the expected progress / result, etc). This allows the grassroots to identify areas of failure and track responsibility. In particular, crossdistrict performance and satisfaction comparison

cfn]v allows the citizens to put into perspectives the progress of recovery in their specific area as compared to other districts, and highlight any divergence from the country-wide average input vs output performance standard. These should be made widely available to the media and the grassroots to encourage public discussion and information sharing. Simply feeding the information to the grassroots is of course not sufficient because civic engagement has to be a two-way interaction, the aim is to arouse public interest and get them to be cognisant of their rights, and be ready to speak up for themselves against any injustice. To do this the citizens also need the right incentives - they want to be assured that there is a mechanism to enforce responsibilities and that their voices matter. As such IPERR has to continue promoting the use of ALAC hotline for grievance redressal and use the data collected to support the advocacy work. Following also the success of ALACDP, regular public hearings are to be held to update the progress of local recovery programs and explain the latest budget provision. This offers an open forum to connect the grassroots and local officers, by encouraging the citizens to put forward complaints or enquiries, as well as allowing the officers to respond and explain any difficulties in delivering their work. Civic participation Community engagement is critical in every stage of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction - analysing local needs, deciding on priorities, developing project framework, mobilising resources, and monitoring. This is of particular relevance to the rebuilding of the education sector, which IPERR specifically focuses on. By including properly structured community participation mechanisms, physical outcomes and the quality of oversight can be improved, especially when large sums of money are involved. Following the approach of ALACDP, preliminary consultation with prominent community leaders and activists should be carried out to assess local needs and capacity, brief them on the proposed actions, and build a platform for continuous collaboration. The meetings should explore the existing community initiatives and tools available to monitor the reconstruction work, identify ways to enhance community participation in reconstruction planning and monitoring, and understand the kind of support needed to facilitate community engagement. The aim is to build a

sustainable platform for civic exchange and multi-party dialogue. Local residents who are directly affected by the earthquake can serve as effective monitors of the work done. To do this they need a platform to channel their demand to the relevant officers. Under ALACDP, TIN has been acting as an effective intermediary to channel grassroots grievances to and seek redress from the relevant offices. The fact that complaints are being brought to the attention of the responsible officers and resolved satisfactorily in turn encourages more active reporting from the grassroots. Through these TIN has established a community network and working relationship with the district offices. Yet IPERR is different from ALACDP in terms of its scale and focus. Apart from collecting individual complaints and following up with casework (which is what ALACDP has been doing), IPERR will also undertake large-scale evaluation work to scrutinise aid spending and financial reports, as well as the quality of new construction. IPERR should therefore expand on the existing civic engagement work to encourage more active participation from the grassroots in input and output monitoring, and explore space for the grassroots to interact with the local officers on the basis of mutual trust and respect. Given the scale of monitoring and evaluation work involved, TIN can consider introducing social audit as part of the civic engagement activities under IPERR. Inviting the public to audit government expenditure and quality of new construction allows the grassroots to play a more active and integral role in monitoring public projects, hence mobilises them to seek transparency and integrity from the government proactively. Large scale reconstruction work also offers a prime opportunity to involve the youth and to imbue them with a sense of civic ownership and confidence in speaking out for their needs. TIN, acting as a facilitator, can provide guidance on understanding government financial reports and new construction safety requirements. The next step is to recruit a core group of local citizens, especially students and young volunteers, to audit and track public expenditure and monitor the progress of reconstruction work in the local community, e.g. rebuilding of schools and provision of public facilities and services. The community findings and recommendations should then be presented at multi-stakeholders meetings to facilitate exchange between community leaders and government officers.

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cfn]v Engaging the private sector Apart from policy level advocacy and civil society campaign, IPERR also aims at garnering support and commitment from the private sector. Large-scale reconstruction projects following natural disaster are prone to corruption given the amount of aid flowing into the country, the volume of goods needed to be procured, and the pressure to spend the fund quickly. This, coupled with the already weak governance in Nepal, suggests that involvement from the business is needed to curb the supply-side of bribery in the reconstruction and rehabilitation process. TINâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s research report, Integrity Pact in Public Procurement, has highlighted the need to introduce Integrity Pact (IP) in disaster management, relief, and reconstruction. The signing and implementation of performance pledges is not new to the Nepalese government and a pilot program has been run under the ALACDP. The Development Pact has created an environment of cooperation between government offices and the public, and educated the service seekers on the agreed procedures for service provisions. IPERR can leverage on the positive effect of the DP to lobby the signing of IP or similar pledges by the government procurement offices and the business community. This also builds a foundation for long-term public sector reform. Experience from ALACDP and the implementation of IP in other TI chapters shows that consensus building through meetings and exchange with relevant stakeholders, based on credible evidence, is the first step in gaining broad-based support to formulate a realistic IP. TIN should therefore approach the private sector, through meetings, roundtables and training sessions, as early and widely as possible to highlight the kind of corruption risks in the procurement process, promote the concept of the IP, and discuss the content of the proposed no-bribery pledges. Ideally this should be done early in the process before commencement of a tender, in order to inculcate a common understanding on the practice and benefits of having all bidders signing an IP when entering a bid. The key to cement broad-based support is to impress upon the stakeholders how the IP can be most beneficial coming from their own perspective. For the business community it is the value of collective action that should be stressed upon. The signing of IP or similar pledges as widely as possible can level the playing field for all businesses, large or small, and allow them to build a coalition of mutual support and

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information sharing to stand against extortion from the government procurement offices. It is therefore important that all bidders to a tender are to sign the same IP. When lobbying with the government, emphasis should be placed on the positive outcome of the DP signed under ALACDP - that it helps to gain public confidence instead of bringing hostility to the citizen-authority relationship. Needless to say this will also bring them reputational benefits and good reception from donors. Signing the IP or no-bribery pledge is only the first step. For effective implementation, it is equally important to monitor the performance and financial report of the company being awarded the tender. In line with the risk-based approach emphasised in this article, TIN can consider selecting projects that attract a higher risk of corruption (e.g. programs over certain level of investment or under a tight timetable) and organise public hearings among the citizens, businesses, and government officers to discuss the plans and the draft tender document, the corruption risks and how they can be addressed. Monitoring can also incorporate social audit of the procurement process (e.g. assessing the needs and demand identified in the tender, the selection of contractor) and the delivery of tendered projects (auditing of financial reports, etc). Conclusion The task of rebuilding Nepal is a formidable one, but it also opens up new space to foster a more engaging and resilient civil society that can rise up from the rubble with a stronger sense of civic conscience, ownership, commitment, and the potential to transform the wider political and economic structure. It is a critical moment to bring the state and district authorities to face the deficiency in the existing administration and bureaucracy, to put in place effective mechanisms to seal the gap between what has been promised and what is in fact delivered, and to work closely with the community as partners instead of disconnected service providers and recipients. By setting the right focus on targeted advocacy, information dissemination, and civic participation, combined with collaboration from the private sector, IPERR will serve not only as a crucial monitoring program in post-earthquake reconstruction and rehabilitation, it will also emerge as a milestone campaign in the fight for transparency and integrity in Nepal. 9 (Sarah is currently interning with TI Nepal)

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/fgLkf]v/L zª\vw/ kfs{sf] 5]p5fp, efg' dfWolds ljBfno;Fu ufFl;Psf] c;g l5g]{ d'v / ;f]x|xft] u0f]z:yfgsf] jl/kl/ 8'n'jf Jofkf/Lx¿ xftdf klqsf / lstfa lnO{ xNnfpFb}–lrRofpFb} 3'ld/x]sf 5g\ eg] sf]xL k]6Ldf ;fdfg lkmFhfP/ k;n yfkL q]mtfx¿nfO{ e'mDDofP/ a;]sf 5g\ . df};dL kmnk"mnsf] 8f]sf] 78ØfP/ ætfhf kmnk"mn lsGgf];\, lsnf]sf] ?= $) dfqÆ eGg]x¿sf] klg sdL 5}g . logLx¿s} hdftdf ldl;P/ Pp6f o:t}, !@–!# jif{ hlt pd]/sf] s]6f] klg s/fO/x]sf] 5, æPs syfsf] bz ?lkofF === b; ?lkofFn] 1fg a9fpg'xf];\ .Æ p;sf] xftel/ x:tlnlvt syfx¿ y'k|} 5g\ . w]/} ;dob]lv pm o;/L g} lrRofO/x]5 / klg pmtk{m cfslif{t eO{ s]–s;f] egL ;f]Wg;d]t sf]xL cfpFb}gg\ . Psl5g pm lj/St eP/ c8\5 / rf/}lt/ x]5{ . b]V5, klqsfx¿ wdfwd laqmL eO/x]sf 5g\ . s'g}–s'g}n] lstfa klg lsg]/ nu]sf] b]V5 . pm ;f]R5 ls p;sf] dfq laqmL eO/x]sf] 5}g . Ps}l5g p;df hf]; r9\5 / 3fF6L k'mnfP/ tLvf] :j/ lgsfnL k]ml/ s/fpF5, æ/fd|f] syf === ;:tf] df]ndf === df}sf 5f]kL xfNgf];\, Ps syfsf] b; ?lkofF === tLg syfsf] kRrL; ?lkofF . pm o;f] eGb} otfplt 3'Dg yfN5 . cx Û p;n] hlt lrRofP klg p;sf] syftk{m s'g} u|fxssf] klg Wofgfsif{0f x'Fb}g . p;sf] cfFvf uP/ c8\5, n'uf, 38L, 6r{ / df]jfOn ;]6 a]Rg a;]sfx¿dfly . x'n Tot} a9\bf] 5 . e'mlDdg]x¿ klg Tolts} 5g\ . ;Fu}sf] gfª\nf] k;n]nfO{ klg r'/f]6 ;'kf/L a]Rb}df Jo:t 5 .

p;nfO{ EofO{–gEofO{ ePsf] 5 . u|fxsx¿ r'/f]6 lnPkl5 ;'kf/L dfUb}5g\, sf]xL eg] ToxL e'm08ØfP/ /fv]sf] 8f]/Ldf r'/f]6 emf];L w'jfF k'mª\u p8fpF5g\ . of] b[Zo p;nfO{ emg\ vlkg;Sg'sf] x'G5 / ;fy} ef]sn] klg cfGb|f lgdf]7\g] yfN5 . clt pm hf]8n] kmnfS5, ækmf]S;f] / 3fF6L hnfpg] r'/f]6 lsGg] k};fn] syf lsg]/ k9\gf];\— syf ;'gfpg'xf];\ / /dfpg'xf];\— ?= !) dfq ==== . ToxfF 5l/Psf k;n]x¿nfO{ p;n] To;/L kmnfs]sf] dg kb}{g / emkfb}{ Pp6} d'v eP/ eG5g\, æxf]Og of] lkm:6] sxfFaf6 otf cfof] < ptf cfk}mF hfG5;\ ls n]v]6' xF < o;} xfd|f] u|fxsnfO{ efF8\bf] /x]5 Û P === s;n] lsG5 t]/f tL syfx¿ < v"a 1fg a9fpg] ePsf] <Æ csf]{ k;n]n] To;df yk]/ eG5, æP t]/f tL 1fgn] k]6 e5{ < ;a} xfF:5g\ . p;nfO{ klg tL Jofkf/Lx¿n] eufpg vf]h]sf]df cfkm\gf] clwsf/sf] xgg ePsf] 7fG5 / hjfkm lbG5, æo;n] k]6 xf]Og lbdfu e5{ . tkfO{+x¿nfO{ Jofkf/ ug]{ a'l4 klg lbG5 . r'/f]6 a]Rg'x'Gg eGg] klg l;sfpF5 .Æ æef] Û rflxPsf] 5}g, To:tf a'l4 . cfk}mF;Fu /fv . a? kms{g] a]nf;Dd laqmL ePg eg] eg, xfdL lslglbpmFnf t]/f tL v];|fx¿ . Ps kfp08 kfp/f]6L tnfO{ lsGg s;f] gk'Unf < olt eg]/ pgLx¿ unnNn xfF:b} eG5g\, æxfd|f] abfd–e6df; kf]sf] kfg]{ sfuh klg l;l4Psf] 5, j];} x'G5, xf]Og t lbbL < csL{n] hjfkm lbG5], æxf] lg .Æ ltgLx¿n] xfg]sf] 5]8;Fu ldnfP/ pm kz'kltsf] ;Qndf p;nfO{ klv{/x]sf] afa'nfO{ ;DemG5 / ;DeFmb} hfG5, laxfg} p7]/ pgL k"mn a]Rg 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

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