TI Nepal's Bulletin Baisakh 2074 BS by TINEPAL

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;+:yfut kftf] lbg;Sg] zlSt geO{ s;}n] dfGb}g, hf];Fu Tof] zlSt 5, To;}n] e|i6frf/ k|j4{g ul//x]sf] 5 . /]jtaxfb'/ sfsL{, ;b:oM ;dfhdf r]tgfd"ns ;Gb]z k|jfx ug{ g5f8f}+ . :s"nsf] kf7\oqmddf e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] kf7\o;fdu|L ;dfj]z u/f}+ . 8f= ;'/]z rfln;], ;b:oM ;a}sf] dgdf Pp6} s'/f 5– of] eGbf s]xL k|efjsf/L sfd ug]{ k|oTg u/f}+ . /d]zgfy 9'Ë]n, k"j{pkfWoIfM /fhgLlts g]t[Tj ;Ifd / :jR5 cfP e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] pbfx/0f lxGb':yfgn] k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . clxn] e|i6frf/ / /fhgLlts bn Ps÷csf{sf kof{ojfrL ag]sf 5g\ . ls/0f yfkf, ;b:oM Pp6f s'g} O:o" ;dftf}+ / s]xL k|oTg u/f}+ . xfd|f] PS;gKnfg agfcf}+ / cufl8 a9fcf}+ . sf]dnaxfb'/ lrqsf/, ;+:yfks ;b:o Pj+ k"j{ sf]iffWoIfM ;a}df ;sf/fTds ;f]r cfcf];\ . 8f]g/ Ph]G;Laf6 k|fKt ;xof]udf cfwfl/t eP/ cfPsf sfo{qmd eO/x]sf 5g\, t/ 6LcfO{sf] k|of; s] xf] v'6ØfP/ cl3 a9f}+ . dxfn]vfsf] k|ltj]bgn] a]?h' cf+}NofPsf] 5 . To;df lhDd]jf/ sf] xf] To;nfO{ sf/afxL ug{ s] ug{ ;lsPnf < PghLcf]c? dfkm{t v/af}+ ?lkofFsf] sf/f]af/ eO/x]sf] 5, To;If]qdf klg s]xL ug{ ;lsG5 ls < ljZjs]z/ df:s], ;b:oM xfdLn] u/]sf sfd k|efjsf/L agfpg k|of; u/f}+ . ;'zf;g / e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf If]qdf lqmofzLn ;+:yfsf] ;~hfn ;zSt

agfpg cfjZos 5 . klßgL k|wfgfË, dxf;lrjM e|i6frf/ jfgLaf6 k|j[lQ x'Fb} hLgdf ;dflxt x'g yfn]sf] 5 . ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg] p2]Zo /fv]/ ljleGg pk;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . tL ;ldltdf ;xefuL x'g rfxg] c? ;b:ox¿nfO{ klg gfd l6kfOlbg cfu|x 5 . gjjif{ @)&$ sf] cj;/df 6LcfO{ kl/jf/sf] ;':jf:Yo;lxt z'esfdgf . ;dfkg, >Lxl/ cof{n, cWoIfM ;+:yfsf] lgDtf] :jLsf/ u/]/ pkl:yt x'g'ePsf ;a} ;b:ox¿nfO{ xflb{s wGojfb . lgZro g} e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf ;Gbe{df ck]Iff u/]cg';f/ xfdLn] k|];/ lbg ;s]sf 5}gf}+ . To;sf nflu sfo{;ldltn] dfq u/]/ k'Ug] /x]g5 . ;a}sf] ;xof]u cfjZos 5 . ;a} ldn]/ lrGtg u/f}+ . cfkm\gf] ;Ldfdf a;]/ x:tIf]ksf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x u/f}+ . wf]lavf]nfsf] 5]pdf Pp6f ;bfrf/ rf]s agfpg kxn ul//x]sf 5f}+ . ;LkLcfO{ @)!^ n] cf}+NofPsf If]qdf 5nkmn ul//x]sf 5f}+ . xfdLdf k"0f{tf 5}g, t/ efjgf eg] 5 . ;a}sf] ;fy rflxPsf] 5 . ;+:yfsf] k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg u7g ul/Psf] pk;ldltn] u/]sf k|of;df ;a}n] ;xof]u ug{'x'g]5 eGg] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' . gjjif{ @)&$ ;fndf ;a}df e|i6frf/ lj?4 n8\g pmhf{ ylkof];\– z'esfdgf . z'esfdgf cfbfg÷k|bfg sfo{qmddf ;+:yfsf !( hgf ;b:osf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . o;afx]s sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs cflzif yfkf;lxt ;lrjfnodf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx¿;d]t pkl:yt lyP .9

gu/f}F, gu/fcf}F, g;xf}FM e|i6frf/ b]zsf nflu clt pQd xf] ;bfrf/

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hgLlts / zf;sLo j[Qdf :jR5tf 5fO{ ;fj{hlgs kbsf] b'?kof]u / lglxt :jfy{sf v]n ] x¿ ga9]sf] eP e|i6frf/ lj?4 ljZjJofkL ;"rLdf g]kfn …/]8 hf]gÚaf6 aflxl/g ;Sg] lyof] . ;fj{hlgs kb b'?kof]u, ;/sf/L sf/afxL tyf lgoGq0f l:yltdf @$ / /fhgLlts e|i6frf/sf] Jofkstfdf @! gDa/dfq kfPkl5 ;"rsfª\sdf g]kfnsf] x}l;ot v:sg k'us ] f] xf] . …a6]N{ ;Dofg / kmfpG8];g e]/fOl6h ckm 8]df]qm];L k|fh ] S] 6Ún] ;fj{hlgs kbflwsf/L / /fhgLlts If]qnfO{ a9L e|i6frf/ ePsf] …cg'el" tÚ u/L sd gDa/ lbP . ltgn] lbPsf] sd gDa/nfO{ r'gf}lt lbg;Sg] /fhgLlts :jR5tfsf] …cfwf/Ú xfdL;“u 5}g .

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e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yf 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgnn] ;"rsfª\sdf #) cª\seGbf sd k|fKt ug]{ b]zx¿ e|i6frf/ JofKt d'ns ' sf] sf]6Ldf k5{g\ . ;g\ @))$ af6 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgnsf] ;"rLdf ;"rLs[t x'b“ c } fPsf] g]kfn e|i6frf/ JofKt d'ns ' sf] ;"rLaf6 aflxl/g g;Sbf d'ns ' f] 5lj ljZjJofkL?kd} w'ldn eO/x]sf] 5 . ;g\ @)!^ df g]kfnn] @( cª\s kfPsf] 5 . …a6{N] ;Dofg / e]/fOl6hÚn] cln a9L gDa/ glbg'df nf]stGq;“u} emflËPsf] e|i6frf/, ;fj{hlgs kb laqmL, hgk|ltlglwx¿n] sfg"g lgdf{0fdf k|bz{g u/]sf] r/d :jfy{ lhDd]jf/ 5g\ .

t/, nf]stGqsf] cfudg;“u} b[Zo km]l/Psf] 5 . ltg} gfkmfvf]/ gLlt / sfg"g lgdf{0fsf] ynf] ;+;b\leq k'us ] f 5g\ . ljw]os d:of}bfdf ltgLx¿sf] thlahL xfjL x'b“ 5 } . ;Lldt gfkmfvf]/x¿ …;“uÚ} a:g] ;f+;bx¿nfO{ klg ;xh} k|efljt ug{ ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . e|i6frf/ s]Gb|bl] v :yfgLo lgsfo;Dd JofKt 5 . :yfgLo lgsfodf hgk|ltlglwx¿ gx'b“ f ;j{bnLo ;+oGqsf gfddf hjfkmb]xLljgfsf] ah]6b]lv :yfgLo ;|ft] bf]xg;Ddsf v]n a9]sf 5g\ . kmhL{ sfuhftsf cfwf/df ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQfsf] b'?kof]u a9]sf] 5 .

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgnsf] ;g\ @)!^ sf] k|ltj]bgn] ul/aL lj:tf/Ls/0fdf e|i6frf/nfO{ sf/s 7x¥ofPsf] 5 . k|ltj]bgsf] lg:sif{ 5, …w]/} b]zsf gful/s e|i6frf/s} sf/0f cfwf/e"t cfjZostf k|fKt ug{af6 jl~rt x'gd] fq xf]Og ef]s} ;'Tg afWo x'G5g\ . ToxL b]zsf e|i6 / zlQmzfnL JolStx¿

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e|i6frf/ / cfly{s ck/fw df}nfPkl5 nf]stGq / ;'zf;gsf] sNkgf ug{ ;lsFbg} . ljsf;, k"jf{wf/ / ;fj{hlgs lxtdf vlr{gk' g{] /sd ;Lldt JolQmsf] sAhfdf k'uk] l5 ul/aL df}nfp“5 . ;+;bLo sfnv08;Dd …gfkmfvf]/Úx¿ …sfg"gL d:of}bfÚ lgdf{0f;Dd ;Lldt lyP, Tof] klg e"ldut?kdf . To:tf gfkmfvf]/x¿ v'nf?kdf ;txdf b]vf kb{g} lyP . Tof] v]ndf k|efljt x'g;Sg] sd{rf/LtGq / /fhgLltsdL{;Dd ;Lldt x'GYof], sfg"gL d:of}bf lgdf{0f k|lqmof . ltgLx¿ 7"nf] ;ª\Vofdf k|efljt ug{] v]ndf pqb}glyP .

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgnn] afx| jif{cl3 g} …/fhgLlts bnnfO{ ;aeGbf e|i6 ;"rLÚdf /fv]sf] lyof] . p;sf] k|ltj]bg @))$ n] ;a}eGbf a9L e|i6 ;+:yfdf /fhgLlts bn / To;kl5 ljwfos, k|x/L, Goflos If]q, /fh:j, Jofkfl/s If]q, eG;f/nfO{ dfg]sf] lyof] .

sfo{kq ;Qf–/fhgLlt lglDt cyfx k};f rflxG5 . To;sf] k|dv ' ;|ft] cj}w cfly{s lqmofsnfk ;~rfngstf{, t:s/, dflkmof / sld;g Ph]G6 aGb}5g\ . To:tf kfqx¿n] cyfx k};fsf] nf]edf 7"nf g]tf / bnnfO{ cfk\mgf] kmGbfdf ;xh} kf5{g\ . k|wfgdGqL–dGqL / zf;sLo j[Qsf pkNnf xtf{stf{x¿sf jl/k/L sldzg Ph]G6 / ljrf}lnofx¿ em'lDdg] qmd a9\b5 } . ;Qf /fhgLlt / e|i6frf/ zf;sLo ;+/rgfsf pkNnf lgo'lQmdf …ljrf}lnofÚ / …sldzg Ph]G6Ú sf] ;lqmotfs} sf/0f lg0f{ox¿ tn÷dfly x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . cfkm"cg'sn " sf dflg; … dxTjk"0f{Ú 7fp“df k'¥ofpg ltgLx¿ nufgL u5{g\ . clg, lgo'lQmkl5 ltgnfO{ uf]6L agfp“5g\ . xfdL sxf“ ;dfg'kflts ;f+;b, Gofofno, ;+jw} flgs cËsf kbflwsf/L, ;/sf/L ;lrj, k|x/Ldf lgo'lQm tyf a9'jf x'b“ f …xnrnÚ k}bf ug]{ sf/s ltgs} cj}w /sd xf] . o; qmddf kb kfpg]n] ug]{ cg]sg …leqL ;Demf}tfÚn] ljs[lt lgDTofPsf] 5 . o:tf b[Zox¿ ljZn]if0f ug{] xf] eg] ;dfhzf:qL tyf n]vs u'Ggf/ Do]8{ fns} lg:sif{df k'luG5– e|i6frf/s} sf/0f /fhgLlts zlQm tyf tyf kfq ;Qfaf6 aflxl/G5g\ . g}ltstf–cfbz{sf] avfg ;'gfp“b} gof“ zlQm ;Qfdf k|jz ] u5{, cGttM Tof] klg rf“8} e|i6frf/df lnKt x'gk'U5 . Do]8{ fnn] Pl;ofnL d'ns ' sf] zf;sLo:j¿k / e|i6frf/sf ;Gbe{df ePsf sf/afxLsf gf6ssf] ljZn]if0f u/L ax'rlr{t k':ts …Pl;og 8«fdfÚdf n]vs ] f lyP– …zf;gdf cfpg] gof“ hdftn] Ifl0fs b]vfj6Lsf lglDt k'/fgfnfO{{ e|i6 3f]lift u/L b08 lbPh:tf] u5{g\ . t/, gof“ :jo+ e|i6frf/df lnKt x'g k'U5g\ .Ú xfd|f] d'ns ' sf] /fhgLlt / e|i6frf/sf] ljZn]if0f ug{] xf] eg] pgsf zAb x'–ax' ptfl/Psf] efg x'G5 . /fhgLltdf ;+nUgx¿ cs't wgsf dflns 5g\ . tLdWo] clwsf+zn] e|i6frf/af6} cflh{t ;DklQdf d:tL ul//x]sf] …cg'el" tÚ cfd–gful/sdf k/]sf] 5 . cem, cg'lrt sd{af6 cflh{t k'h “ L ljb]zdf nufgL ug{] / /fVg] /f0ffsfnLg–/fhfsfnLg /f]u ;lNsPsf] 5 . blIf0f cd]l/sL 3f“6L d'ns ' kfgfdfb]lv lal6«z elh{g cfONof08 6fk" l;lh{t k'h “ Lsf] …/x:oÚ aLr /fhgLlts j[Qsf pkNnf kfqx¿sf] ;lqmotf al9/x]sf] 5 . 6]lnsd lk|mSj]G;L ljt/0f k|s/0fdf eoª\s/ 7"nf] cfly{s 3f]6fnf ePsf] tYox¿ 8]9 jif{bl] v cfO/x]sf 5g\ . Pg;]nsf] Ps bh{g k6s ;]o/ vl/b÷laqmL

k|lqmofdf k'h “ Lut / nfes/ 5nLsf ljifo 5tf5'Nn 5g\ . ;/sf/ lgisif{df k'Ug ;ls/x]sf] b]lvFbg} . a? dGqLkl/ifb\df 7f8f] k|:tfj nu]/ s/ pGd'ltsf] v]n b]vfk¥of], @)&# kmfu'gdf . nfO;]G; k|s/0f;“u hf]l8Psf Jofkf/L / dGqL–k|zf;s /ftf/ft cs't ;DklQsf dflns ePsf 5g\, ltgsf] ;DklQsf] j}wflgs ;|ft] vf]lhPsf] 5}g . /fhgLltsdL{ / sf/f]jf/Lsf] 3f“6L hf]l8Psf b[Zox¿n] atfp“5g\– ltgn] To;} ;xh} s/ 5nL u/]sf xf]Ogg\ . /fhgLlts e|i6frf/ / sf08af/] hlt w]/} rsf{ zAbdf l6sf÷l6Kk0fL eP klg s'g} sfnv08df hDdf÷hDdL kf“r /fhgLltsdL{dfq} ;hfosf] eflubf/ ag]sf] pbfx/0f 5, xfdL;“u . c:jfefljs ;DklQ hf]8g\ x] ¿dfly sf/afxL gx'g] :yflkt k/Dk/f lrb{} @)^& df k"jd{ GqL lr/~hLjL jfUn], v'daxfb'/ v8\sf, hok|sfz u'Ktf, /ljGb|gfy zdf{ / uf]ljGb/fh hf]zLdfq …e|i6frf/LÚ 7xl/P . cem zdf{ / hf]zLsf]

c:jfefljs ;DklQ hf]8\g]x¿dfly sf/afxL gx'g] :yflkt k/Dk/f lrb{} @)^& df k"j{dGqL lr/~hLjL jfUn], v'daxfb'/ v8\sf, hok|sfz u'Ktf, /ljGb|gfy zdf{ / uf]ljGb/fh hf]zLdfq …e|i6frf/LÚ 7xl/P . xsdf ;jf{R] r cbfntaf6 clGtd km};nf cfpg af“sL 5 . z+sf:kb wgL /fhgLltsdL{x¿sf] clws ;ª\Vof vf]/ aflx/} /x]kl5 tL kf“rhgf …ljr/f cefuLÚdf kl/0ft ePsf 5g\ . cg'lrt ;DklQ hf]8g\ ] / c:jfefljs hLjg latfpg] cglulGt kfqx¿ 5g\ . t/, lgoGq0f ug{] bfloTj kfPsf] ;+jw} flgs lgsfo clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] ;Lldt kfqdflydfq sf/afxLsf] /Gbf rnfof] . xnLaf6 PsfPs ;lkË dxn, 7"nf ljBfno÷sn]hdf nufgL ug{,] a}ªs \ tyf hn;|ft] sf …cfsif{s ;]o/Úsf dflnsx¿dfly cf“vf nufpg ;s]g . /ftf/ft pkNnf wgL ju{df plSnPsf lj?4 s'g} sf/afxL gePkl5 pgLx¿n] rf]vf] aGg] …cj;/Ú kfO/x]sf 5g\ . o:tf b[Zon] hlt;'s} e|i6frf/ of cfly{s ck/fw u/] klg sf/afxL x'b“ g} eGg] dfgl;stf /fd|; } u“ :yflkt ePsf] 5 . 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

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sfo{kq 8f= uf]ljGb s];LnfO{ cf7f}k+ 6s cg;gdf a:g afWo kfl/of], lsgeg] Tof] ljw]osn] …/fhgLlts x:tIf]kÚ lgDTofp“b} lyof] . ToxL ?k b]vfk¥of], …a}ªs \ tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL sfg"g ;+zf]wg / PsLs/0f ug{ ag]sf] ljw]os, @)&@Ú -aflkmof_sf ;afndf klg . Tof] ljw]os ;+;b\sf] cy{;ldltdf bkmfjf/ lglDt k'uk] l5 a}ªs \ –;~rfns ;f+;bx¿sf] bf}8w"k v'a rNof] . cy{;ldltd} a}ªs \ ;~rfns ;f+;bxx¿n] g]kfn /fi6« a}s + sf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] pl5tf] sf6] . g]kfn /fi6« a}ªs \ sf] d"ne"t bfloTj a}lª\sª s;"/df lgoGq0f / lgodgsf k|fjwfg kl/rfng ug{{' xf] . t/ a}ªs \ –;~rfns ;f+;bx¿n] 3'dfp“/f]zn } Ldf t;f{Psf] b[Zo ;xh dfGg'kg{] cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . Tof] ljw]osdf :jfy{jz kfl/Psf s]xL bkmfx¿n] sfg"gL ?k kfPg . t/, ;+;b\af6 kfl/t eO;s]kl5 …efiff ;Rofpg]Ú gfddf … cWoIfÚ / …sfo{sf/L cWoIfÚ zAb yk36 u/]/ v]lnof] . :jfy{s} v]ndf kl//x]sf] 5, ;xsf/L ljw]os klg . ljw]osdf hgk|ltlglwx¿sf] rf;f] x'g' / ;+zf]wg k|:tfj kg'{ cfZro{hgs xf]Og . t/, ;+zf]wgstf{ ;f+;bx¿sf] k|:tfj ;xsf/Lsf] /sd lxgfldgf ug{x] ¿nfO{ b08÷hl/jfgf 36fpg] / ;~rfnsx¿sf] sfo{If]q a9fpg]df s]lGb|t ePkl5 :jfefljs cfzª\sf plAhPsf] xf] . of] ljw]osdf ^# ;f+;bsf] ;d"xut / JolQmut ;+zf]wg k/]sf] 5 . nf]stflGqs sfnv08df Ps} ljw]osdf ^ ;o ($ ;+zf]wg k¥of], of] ;jf{lws 7"nf] ;ª\Vof xf] . ;xsf/L If]qdf ;lqmo ;f+;bx¿s} ;lqmotfdf ;+zf]wg k|:tfjsf] v]n rn]sf] xf] . ;xsf/L ljw]osdf lsg o:tf] nufj t < uPsf] c;f/ dlxgf;Ddsf] tYofª\scg';f/, ;xsf/Ldfkm{t\ @ va{ *( ca{ ?k}of“ C0f kl/rfng ePsf] 5 . cfd–dflg;sf] dgdf ulxl/+b5 } – /fhgLltsdL{x¿ e|i6 / :jfyL{ 5g\ . ;dfhzf:qL k|fWofks r}tGo ld>sf zAbdf, …lgtfGt ;fF3/' f] / JolQmut cfsfª\Iff af]ss ] f bnsf …rGbfÚ bftfx¿ ;f+;b / /fhb"t cflb ag]sf 5g\ . ltgLx¿ lghL nfesf] v]tL ub}5 { g\ . sfg"g agfpg] zlQm / gfkmf sdfpg] k|jl[ Q Ps} 7fpFdf s]lGb|t ePsf] l:yltdf ;fj{hlgs nfedf s]lGb|t /xg] ;fdflhs nf]stGq km:6fpg] ;Defjgf Go"g /xG5 . t;y{, of] kl/l:yltnfO{ lg/fs/0f ug'{ cToGt cfjZos ePsf] 5 . e|i6frf/ cfly{s jf ljQLo ;d:ofdfq geP/ pBd / g}lts an Wj:t kfg]{ wfl/nf] xltof/ xf] .Ú# #

Jofkf/L tyf nufgLstf{x¿ hgk|ltlglw x'g ;S5g\ . t/, hgk|ltlglw ePkl5 …lglxt :jfy{Úaf6 aflxl/g' cfwf/e"t dfGotf xf] . t/, nf]stflGqs d'ns ' x¿df cfk\mgf] :jfy{ uf“l;Psf] ljifodf cfk}mF lg0f{ostf{ aGg ldNb}g eGg] ;fdfGo r]tgf;d]t xfd|f hgk|ltlglwx¿df b]lvPg . …:jfy{sf] åGåÚ;DaGwL ;fdfGo 1fg / Odfg ePsf] eP pgLx¿ :jfy{ uf“l;Psf] cf}krfl/s ;"rgf;lxt aflxl/g] lyP, t/ To:tf ;f+;bx¿ Tof] ljw]os kfl/t ug{ ;lqmodfq ePgg\ ls lj/f]w ug{x] ¿nfO{ wDsL lbg;d]t pBt eP . r'gfj / e|i6frf/ w]/} ljZn]ifs e8\lsnf] r'gfjLk4ltnfO{ e|i6frf/ / /fhgLltdf ck/fwLs/0fsf] k|dv ' cfwf/ 7fG5g\ . r'gfjdf h;/L klg lhTg'kg{] xf]8df nfu]sfx¿ …hyfefjL rGbf ;+sngÚdf pqG5g\ . r'gfjL k|rf/–cleofg / dtbftf kmsfpg] lqmofsnfk e8\lsnf] x'b“ } uPsf 5g\ . o;sf] cufl8sf] af6f] c/fhstf pGd'v x'g] vt/f 5 . xfdLn] gof“ ;+ljwfgcg';f/, :yfgLo lgsfo, k|fb]lzs ;ef, s]Gb|Lo ;+;b\ / /fi6«klt÷pk/fi6«kltsf] r'gfj hf] ug'k{ g{] 5 . lgjf{rg nf]stflGqsk4ltdf ckl/xfo{ zt{ xf] . t/, lgjf{rg ldlt 3f]if0ff;“u} ahf/efp, sld;g / e|i6frf/sf] dfqf a9\5 eGg] cfd–qf; kfOG5 . lsgeg] r'gfjsf] ldlt 3f]if0ff;“u} k|lt:kwf{df xf]ldPsf bn÷pDd]bjf/x¿ vr{ h'6fpg Jofkfl/s 3/fgf sxf“ wfpg] qmdn] tLj|tf kfp“5 . ;“u} 9Ën] /sd c;'Ng], j}w÷cj}w Jofkf/L u7aGwg sfod ug{] k|jl[ Qn] Jofks alg/x]sf] 5 . @)#^ sf] hgdt ;ª\ux| ;“u} e|i6frf/sf] bfo/f r'lnPsf] xf] . k~rfotL zf;sx¿n] lgb{nnfO{ lhtfpg rnfPsf] rGbf ;+sng cleofgn] c/fhs ?k lnof] . gfofhh lsl;dn] Jofkf/Lx¿nfO{ …5"6–;'ljwfÚ pknAw u/fp“b} pgLx¿af6 …rGbfÚ ;+sng ul/of] . k~rfotnfO{ lhtfpg] …p2]ZoÚ cg'?k h;n] h]÷h;/L …rGbfÚ p7fP klg 5"6 x'GYof] . o;qmddf Toltv]/ cg'lrt / cj}w Jofkf/L / zf;sLo j[Qsf] …3f“6LÚ hf]l8g k'Uof] . ;/sf/L :jfldTjsf ;+:yfgsf k|dv ' x¿nfO{ …h;/L klg k};f p7fpg'Ú eGg] lgb{z ] g lbOPsf] lyof] . ltgn] …/sdÚ e|i6frf/ ug{k} g{] afWotf l;h{gf eof] . jg hª\un clgolGqt ljgfzb]lv jGohGt'sf 5fn÷xf8 rf]/L÷lgsf;L tLj| aGof] . cg]s lsl;dsf Jofkf/Laf6 cg'lrt tj/df /sd ;+sng u/]sf], nfO;]G; ljt/0fb]lv b'ne{ jGohGt' ;fdfg lgof{tdf

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sfo{kq 5"6 lbOPsf] xNnfx¿ k~rfotsfnd} aflx/ cfPsf lyP . k~rfotnfO{ lhtfpg y'k|} sd{rf/Ln] …OdfGbf/LÚ u'dfP . ;8s, ljB't,\ l;FrfO{ ;a}lt/af6 /sd a6'n/] sd{rf/Ln] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ a'emfpg yfn] . Tolta]nfaf6 z'? ePsf] xf]– sd{rf/Ln] /fhgLltsdL{nfO{ k};f a'emfpg] ;+:yfut k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; . sd{rf/Ln] ;Qf;“u lgs6tf hf]8L kmfObf a6'Ng] cj;/ kfP . xfd|f] b'ef{Uo k~rfotsf] cGTokl5 klg Tof] …s'Ú ;+:s[lt /f]lsPg . dfgj ljsf; k|ltj]bg–@))@ n] /fhgLlts kf6L{sf] cfly{s ljs[ltn] nf]stflGqs Joj:yfnfO{ ;d]t c;kmn agfpg ;Sg] l6Kk0fL u/]sf] lyof] . k|ltj]bgsf] lg:sif{ lyof], …/fhgLltdf Pp6f ;+jb] gzLn ;d:of eg]sf] k};f xf] . o;n] lgjf{lrt ePsfdfly jf ljwfosx¿n] dt lbPsf] JolQmTjdfly cg'lrt k|efj kfg{] sfd ubf{ nf]stflGqs Joj:yfx¿ c;kmn x'g ;S5g\ . r'gfjL cleofgsf] nfut a9]kl5 /fhgLlt1x¿ cg'lrt?kdf Jofj;flos rf;f]af6 k|efljt x'g;Sg] hf]lvd klg a9\5 .Ú xfd|f /fhgLlts bnx¿ cfly{s?kdf ;+:yfut 9Ën] rNg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . 7"nf bnx¿n] g} r]sdfkm{t\ cfly{s sf/f]jf/ ug{ ?rfPsf] kfO{b+ g} . s'g} klg bnn] rGbfbftfsf] ;"rL ;fj{hlgs ug{] kl/kf6L a;fn]sf 5}gg\ . /fhgLltsdL{x¿nfO{ kf6L{ ;~rfng / r'gfj n8\g] ;|ft] hDdf ug{ Jofkf/L;“u xft k;fg'{ of e|i6frf/ ug'a{ fx]s c¿ ljsNk 5}g . sfo{stf{n] ltg]{ n]aL / ;+u7g ;b:otf z'Nsaf6 bnsf] vr{ y]Ug] sNkgf ug{ ;lsFbg} . To;dfly, e|i6frf/ / cfkm\gf g]tfsf] hLjgz}nLdf PsfPs kl/jt{g cfpg yfn]kl5 sfo{stf{x¿n] …n]aLÚ a'emfpg] afgL xl6;s]sf] 5 . :jfefljs xf]– bnx¿ r'gfjL vr{sf nflu Jofkfl/s 3/fgfdf k|jz ] u5{g\ / r'gfj lht]kl5 pgLx¿k|lt … akmfbf/Ú aG5g\, dtbftfk|lt xf]Og . /fhgLlt1, t:s/ / Jofkf/L ju{sf] u7aGwgsf sf/0f cg'lrt sfo{n] k|>o kfpg' c:jfefljs xf]Og . l5d]sL ef/tdf e}mF xfdLsxf“ klg r'gfj lhTg …y|L–hLÚ / …y|L–PD;Ú (Three Gs) cyf{t\ Goonda -u'G8f_ Gun } . clg Mafiya -aGb's_ / Gold -wg_ dGq dflgFb5 dflkmof, Muscle -zlQm_ / Manipulation -cfk\mgf] /0fgLltcg'?k 9fNg] k|k~r_ xfjL ug{ ;s]sf] v08df r'gfj lhTg ;lsG5 eGg] dfGotf a;]sf] 5 . To;f] t, nf]stGqdf k};fljgf kf6L{ rNg ;Sb}g, of] w'j| ;To s'/f xf] . /fhgLlt …k|bl" iftÚ x'gd' f r'gfjL

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vr{ c;'Ng] k|jl[ Q k|dv ' xf] . To;sf/0f /fhgLlts bnnfO{ cg'bfg lbg] kl/kf6L ga;fP;Dd z'4Ls/0fsf] ck]Iff ug{ ;lsFbg} . l;4fGttM @)%* df bnnfO{ r'gfjL vr{ lbg'k5{ eGg] dfGotf :jLsfl/Psf] xf] . Toltv]/ …/fhgLlts bn;DaGwL ljw]osÚ df …Ps dt Ps ?k}of“Ú lbg] k|fjwfg;lxtsf] ljw]os k|:t't ePsf] lyof] . /fli6«o dfGotfk|fKt gu/]sf ;fgf kf6L{n] To;sf] lj/f]w u/] . sf+u; ]| , Pdfn] / /fk|kfn] d'ns ' r'gfjL k|of]hgsf nflu /fHo 9's6' Laf6 bnx¿nfO{ cg'bfg lbg] x}l;otdf gk'lu;s]sf] ts{ lbP/ k|fjwfg vf/]h u/fPsf x'g\ . @)^) df tTsfnLg /fhf 1fg]Gb|åf/f dgf]gLt ;/sf/sf cy{dGqL 8f= k|sfzrGb| nf]xgLn] /fli6«o dfGotfk|fKt /fhgLlts bnnfO{ cl3Nnf] lgjf{rgdf k|fKt u/]sf] dtsf cfwf/df k|ltdt @) ?k}of“ lbg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP, t/ Tof] klg sfof{Gjogdf cfPg . Tolta]nf /fhgLlts bnx¿ …k|ltudgÚ lj?4sf] cfGbf]ngdf lyP, pgLx¿n] Tof]] 3f]if0ffnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{] s'/} ePg . 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] …6«fG;k/]G;L Og klnl6sn kmfOgfG; Og\ g]kfn–@)!)Ú cWoogdf klg cg]sg :jfy{ af]ss ] f ;d"xx¿af6 ;xof]u lng] rng a9\b} uPsf] / bftf tyf ltgn] pknAw u/fPsf] /sd uf]Ko /fVg] u/]sf] hgfPsf] lyof] . k|ltj]bgsf] ;'emfj lyof], …bnnfO{ /fHoaf6 cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf] v08df To;df jflif{s dxfn]vf–k/LIfsaf6 n]vf–k/LIf0f x'gs ' f cltl/Qm jf:tljs tYo aflx/ Nofpg ;lhnf] x'g] lyof] . To;n] s/bftf gful/sk|lt bnx¿nfO{ ts{;u+ t vr{ ug{, kf/bzL{ / hjfkmb]xL x'g afWo t'Nofpg] lyof] .Ú bnLok4lt / ltgsf] cfly{s :jR5tfsf ljifodf ;g\ @)!% l8;]Da/ lbNnLdf …/fhgLltdf k};fsf] k|of]u / o;n] gful/snfO{ kfg{] k|efjÚ ljifodf ulx/f] 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . hxf“ blIf0f Pl;ofnL:t/Lo g]tf tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] pkl:ylt lyof] . Tof] ;Dd]ngaf6 …/fhgLlts cfo÷Joo lgodg;DaGwL 3f]if0ff–kqÚ ;d]t hf/L eof] . Tof] 3f]if0ff–kqdf, nf]stflGqsk4ltsf] z'4tfsf lglDt skf{/] 6] , JolQm / ;+:yfn] lbg] lghL ;xof]unfO{ lg?T;flxt u/L /fHosf]ifaf6 ;xof]u pknAw u/fOg'kg{d] f hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof] . lglZrt :jfy{ af]ss ] f ;d"xdf rGbf lnPkl5 To;n] /fhgLltnfO{ k|efljt t'Nofpg] lg:sif{ lgsfNb} n]vf–k/LIf0fsf] zt{;lxtsf] ;fj{hlgs ;xof]u x'gk' g{] dfGotf cl3 ;fl/Psf] lyof] .

sfo{kq ctM /fhgLlts kf6L{nfO{ cfly{s ;|ft] pknAw u/fpg /fHoaf6 sfg"gL kxn gx'b“ f;Dd z'4Ls/0fsf] ck]Iff ug{ ;lsGg . t/, oltv]/ ;+;b\df ljrf/fwLg …/fhgLlts bn;DaGwL sfg"gnfO{ ;+zf]wg / PsLs/0f ug{ ag]sf] ljw]os, @)&#Ú df /fHoaf6 cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg];DaGwdf s'g} k|fjwfg k|:tfljt ul/Psf] 5}g . /fhgLltdf z'4Ls/0f cfpg ;S5 / nf]stflGqsk4lt ;'Gb/ x'b“ } hfG5 eg] bnnfO{ cg'bfg lbFbd} f /fHo bl/b| x'g] xf]Og . nfdf] ;dob]lv k|rngdf cfPsf] r'gfj vr{ c;'Ng] z}nLn] /fhgLltnfO{ …nf]stfGqLs/0fÚ xf]Og ls …dflkmofs/0fÚlt/} kl/0ft ug{5 ] / bnLok4ltnfO{ cem abgfd t'Nofpg]5 . k|:tfljt ljw]osdf bnx¿nfO{ /fHoaf6 cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg gful/s ;dfhaf6} bjfa lbg'kg{] b]lvG5 . ljw]osdf gfd gv'ns ] f] JolQm tyf ;+:yf x'b“ } ;/sf/L lgsfo, ljb]zL bftf, u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfaf6 rGbf lng gkfOg] k|fjwfg 5 . lng gx'g] :j]lR5s cfly{s ;xof]usf] /sd s'g} bnn] k|fKt u/]sf] ph'/L k/]df cfof]un] hf“ra'em ug{] k|fjwfg k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . kRrL; xhf/eGbf a9L cfly{s ;xof]u a}lª\sË r]sdfkm{t\ ;xof]u lng] / bnLo sf]ifsf] vftfdfkm{t\ vr{ ug{] k|fjwfg /flvPsf] 5 . sfg"gdf k|:tfljt Joj:yf kfngf ug{÷u/fpg bn / pDd]bjf/ slt pT;flxt x'G5g\, Tof] x]g{ af“sL 5 . ;'zf;gsf] bfloTj e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{] bfloTj clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u / cbfntsf] dfq} xf] < bnLok4ltdf e|i6frf/d'Qm zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg] d"ne"t bfloTj ;Qf?9 bn / ljkIfLx¿sf] xf]Og / < ;'zf;gsf] cu'jfO{ ug{ bn / ltgsf g]tfx¿n] lsg rflx/x]sf 5}gg\ < o:tf k|Zgx¿sf] ;xh hjfkm x'G5– ltgLx¿ e|i6frf/ hfnf]sf] ;+/If0fstf{ cfk}mF x'g' xf] . d'ns ' df ;'zf;g ePdf o:tf] hfnf] tf]l8G5 eGg] eodf 5g\ pgLx¿ .Ú hgk|ltlglwd"ns zf;g Joj:yfdf e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{] cfwf/e"t bfloTj /fhgLlts bn, ltgLx¿dfkm{t\ lgld{t{ sfo{sfl/0fL, ;+;b\ / Gofofnosf] xf] . ;/sf/ e|i6 eP lgoGq0f ug{] lgsfo ;+;b\ xf] eg] Gofofnodf v/fa / cg'lrt sd{sf] /fh eP dxfleof]u;Ddsf] ;hfo“ lbg] clwsf/ ;+;b\nfO{ dfq 5 . Gofofnodfq xf]Og, zf;sLo zlQm ;Gt'lnt ug{] lhDd]jf/L kfPsf ;+jw} flgs lgo'lQm / ;hfosf] lhDd]jf/L klg ;+;b\nfO{ 5 . cyf{t\ xfdLn] lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwx¿af6} ;'zf;gsf] af6f] sf]l/g'k5{ eGg] ;}4flGts cjwf/0ff

ckgfPsf 5f}+ . ;+;bLo ;'gj' fOk4lt / cg'df]bg k|lqmofn] ;+;b\ cem lhDd]jf/ x'gk' g{] b]lvG5 . lgo'lQmdf :jR5, of]Uo / OdfGbf/ 5ljsf kfqx¿ gePdf /fHosf pkNnf kbflwsf/L ;lDdlnt ;+jw} flgs kl/ifb\af6 l;kmfl/z /f]Sg ;Sg] clwsf/;d]t ;+;b\nfO{ 5 . t/, b'ef{Uo hgk|ltlglwx¿ ;+jw} flgs kl/ifb\af6 l;kmfl/; e|i6 / abgfd kfqnfO{ klg ;xh} cg'df]bg ul/lbG5g\ . clg, ltgLx¿ e|i6 / abdf; ePsf] v08df ;hfo t k/} hfcf];\ :ki6Ls/0f lglDt;d]t ;+;bLo ;ldlt;dIf pkl:yt u/fpg ;Sb}gg\ . xfdLn] ckgfPsf] zf;gk4ltdf …lgjf{lrt lgsfoÚaf6} ;'zf;g k|Tofe"lt x'g' k' 5{ . t/, oxf“ lj:tf/} clgjf{lrt lgsfo;“u w]/} ck]Iff ug'k{ g{] afWotf l;h{gf ul/Fb5 } . csf]t{ km{, bnx¿ / ltgsf pDd]bjf/x¿sf ;'zf;gs} … vf]qmf]Ú jfrfd} df]lxt eP/ dtbftfn] dt lbg] u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf 3f]if0ff–kqdf pNn]v x'G5, …xfdLnfO{ ax'dt lbg'xf];,\ xfdL ;'zf;g lbG5f}+ .Ú ;Qfdf k'uk] l5 eg] pgLx¿ …;'zf;gÚ zAb pRrf/0f;d]t ug{ rfx“bg} g\ . e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{] / ;'zf;g ug{] lhDd]jf/L hlt clgjf{lrt lgsfosf] ePsf] dfxf}n agfp“5g\ . lgjf{lrt lgsfo ;+;b\, ;Lldt / lglxt :jfy{sf] 3]/fdf clNemPkl5 clgjf{lrt lgsfox¿ ;lqmo x'G5g\ . g]kfndf clgjf{lrt lgsfox¿ zlQmzfnL aGb} hfg'sf] sf/0f lgjf{lrt lgsfo lgsDdf aGg' xf] . nf]sdfgl;+x sfsL{lj?4 dxfleof]u k|:tfjnfO{ ;dod} lgsf; lbPsf] eP, cbfntsf] km};nf s'l//xg'kg{] lyPg . ;+;b\n] k|:tfj btf{ ePkl5 klg *$ lbg;Dd df}gtf ;f“Wof] / ;jf{R] r cbfntn] …cof]UoÚ 3f]lift u/]s} lbg 5fgljgsf lglDt dxfleof]u ;ldltdf k7fpg] lg0f{o lnof] . dxfleof]u k|:tfjdf ;dod} lg0f{o lng;s]sf] eP lgjf{lrt lgsfosf] ;fj{ef}d clwsf/sf] /Iff x'GYof] . lgo'lQmsf ;Gbe{df ePsf cg'lrt sd{dfly cfTdfcfnf]rgf ePsf] 7flgGYof] . ;+;b\nfO{ k|efjsf/L lg0f{o lngaf6 bnLo g]tfx¿n] al~rt u/fP . lgisif{ tyf ;'emfj e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ;'emfj ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg, @)%^ n] e|i6frf/ a9\gs ' f] sf/0fdf pNn]v u/]sf] lyof], …/fi6«kl| tsf] k|d] nfO{ a]jf:tf ug'{ . e|i6frf/L jf ck/fwLx¿ /fhgLltdf xfjL x'g' . ;dfhdf g}lts d"No Pj+ dfGotf x|f; cfpg' . JolQmut :jfy{ xfjL x'g' . b]zsf] gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;+nUg x'gx] ¿sf] cfr/0f z'4 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

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sfo{kq g/xg' . bnx¿ e|i6 k|jl[ Qlj?4 ;r]t / ;ts{ gx'g' . e|i6frf/LnfO{ ;dfhn] alxisf/ gug'{ .Ú Tof] ;ldltsf] cWoogaf6 lg:sif{ emg\ oltv]/ … k|jl[ QutÚ ?kdf emflËPsf] 5 . e|i6frf/n] nf]stGqnfO{ 8'afp“5 eGg] yfxf x'b“ fx'b“ } e|i6 lqmofsnfkaf6 aflxl/g rfx]sf 5}gg\ nf]stGqs} nflu n8]sf /fhgLltsdL{x¿ . /fhgLlts bn / g]tfx¿;“u gful/s ?i6 x'gs ' f] d'Vo sf/0f e|i6frf/df g]tf lnKt x'g' / e|i6x¿nfO{ kf6L{ g]tT[ jn] Roflk/xg' xf] . nf]stGq cfwf/e"t e"ld Toltv]/dfq tof/ x'G5, hltv]/ d'ns ' df of]Uotf, Ifdtf, OdfGbf/L, kf/blz{tfn] :yfg kfp“5 . hxf“ of]Uox¿ k'lhG5g\, cof]Uox¿ bl08t x'G5g\, To:tf] d'n ' s ' dfq} ;'zf;g sfod x'g;S5 . nf]stGq cfk}mdF f :j–rflntk4lt xf]Og . /fhgLlts bn / ltgsf g]tT[ jsf] lqmofsnfkd} nf]stGqn] hLjg kfpg] u5{ . t/, ;Lldt bnLo g]tfsf] cg'lrt cfsfª\Iff, :jfy{ / kbLo df]xsf sf/0f l;+uf] nf]stflGqsk4lt, dfGotf, dd{dfly k|xf/ x'g' b'ef{Uo xf] . v/fa lqmofsnfkdf s'g} klg bn kl5 k/]sf 5}gg\– cfkm"nfO{ clt nf]stGqjfbL eGg]bl] v clt qmflGtsf/L / ;dfhjfbL eGg]x¿;Dd . unt /fhgLlts ;+:sf/sf] k[i7e"lddf ;'vb\ nf]stGqsf] sNkgf ug{ ;lsFbg} . /fhgLltdf …gfosÚx¿ gb]lvg'sf] …sf/0fÚ vf]hL ePsf] kfO{b+ g} . d'ns ' df /fhgLlts kfqx¿ Pskl5 csf{] … vngfosÚdf kl/0ft eO/x]sf 5g\ . sf]xL k};fn], sf]xL zlQmn], sf]xL 8g÷u'08f kfNgfn], sf]xL ljrf}lnofsf] 3]/faGbLdf /xgfn], sf]xL 6]G8/df bf}l8gfn], sf]xL e|i6÷a]OdfgnfO{ lgo'lQm÷a9'jfdf kfg{ dl/xQ] ugf{n] ltgsf] sb g/fd|/L lvOPsf] 5 . ;+;b\ / ;+;b\af6} lgld{t sfo{sf/L g]tT[ j ju{sf kfqx¿n] ha;Dd nf]stGqsf Go"gtd d"No÷dfGotf, cfbz{nfO{ cfwf/e"ld agfp“b} sfd tyf lg0f{o lng]k4lt a;fp“bg} g\ ta;Dd e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f tyf zf;sLo c/fhstfaf6 d'ns ' n] kf/ kfp“bg} . b'ef{Uo, hgk|ltlglw ;f+;b / /fhgLltsdL{x¿n] cfk\mgf] cfr/0f :jR5 / cg'zf;gdf /fVg cfrf/–;+lxtfsf] ;fdfGo j}wflgs vfsf;d]t sf]g{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . o;n] pgLx¿df cfk"mx¿sf] cfr/0f z'4 x'gk' 5{ dfGotf gePsf] b]vfp“5 .

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e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf ;jfndf eGg] ul/G5, ha sfg"g pNnª\3g u/L cg'lrt cfh{g ug{x] ¿nfO{ eo÷qf;sf] dfqf a9\bg} , ta ltgLx¿ v/fa sd{ ug{ pT;flxt eO/xG5g\ . ha ck/fw ubf{ ;hfo dfqf a9L b]V5g\, tadfq ltgLx¿ lg?T;flxt x'G5g\ . To;sf/0f sfg"gL clwsf/ kfPsf lgsfon] tTsfn} sf/afxL ug{] / ;dfhn] ltgnfO{ alxisf/ ug{] cj:yf l;h{g] xf] eg] e|i6frf/ Go"gLs/0f x'g;S5 . nf]stGqsf] cfbz{ ;+;bLok4lt :j:y / k|efjsf/L x'gk' 5{ . t/, ToxL ynf]df cg]sg lglxt :jfy{ / /x:odo p2]Zo af]Sg]x¿ el/Pkl5 zf;g;d]t rNg ;Sb}g eg] ;'zf;g vf]Hg' xfd|} d"vt{ f x'g5 ] . To;sf/0f klxnf ;+;b\df k|jz ] x'g] kfqx¿ :jR5 vf]Hg'k5{ . v/fa kfqx¿nfO{ /fhgLltdf k|jz ] lglDt lgoGq0f ug{ g;lsg] xf]Og . klxnf] t, cfp“bf r'gfjdf of]Uo, lgi7fjfg, :jR5 5lj ePsf JolQmdfq pDd]bjf/ aGg] dfxf}n l;h{gf x'gk' 5{ . v/fa pDd]bjf/ ag]sf] v08df ltgnfO{ …ljhoLÚ aGg glbg] u/L dtbftfnfO{ hufpg'k5{, To:tf] sfd ;'zf;gsf kIfdf jsfnt ug{x] ¿ / gful/s txaf6 x'g;S5 . bf];f| ,] /fhgLlts lgo'lQm kfp“bf of pDd]bjf/L btf{s} lbg pgLx¿sf] jf:tljs /]s8{ vf]hL v/fanfO{ zf;sLo k|jz ] df lg?T;flxt ug{ ;lsG5 . To; lglDt ltgsf] lqmofnsfk, cfk/flws /]s8{ vf]Hg]bl] v ltgn] s/ lt/]sf] /]s8{;Dd lng] xf] eg] w]/} tYo kQf nufpg ;lsG5 . nf]stflGqsk4ltsf lglDt d8fl/Psf sfnf afbnx¿ l5dNg] cj;/ lgjf{rgk4ltn] lbG5 . bnLo g]tT[ jstf{af6 k|bz{g x'g;Sg] vt/fsf …afbnÚ ;kmf ug{ k|fKt …cj;/Úsf] kIfdf pleg] dfxf]n l;h{gf x'gk' 5{ . nf]stflGqs zf;gk4lt :jR5 /fVg] xf] eg] e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f, e|i6x¿dfly sf/afxL, lhDd]jf/ / kf/bzL{k0" f{ /fHo ;~rfng cfjZos ;t{x¿ x'g\ . e|i6frf/ / e|i6frf/Ln] of] jf Tof] jxfgfdf pGd'lQm kfp“b} uP km]l/ 3f]/ lg/fzfhgs l:ylt cfpg] kSsf 5 . To;sf/0f ;do ;xL cfPsf] 5– ;dfh / gful/s txsf] e"ldsf r'gfjs} a]nf a9fpg'k5{ .9 -kqsf/ yfkf sflGtk'/ b}lgsdf cfj4 x'g'x'G5 ._

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e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f u/L ;'zf;gtkm{ g]kfnnfO{ cu|;/ u/fpg] ;Gbe{df k|:t't :d/0fkq ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLHo", 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn -6LcfO{_ g]kfn oxfFnfO{ gjjif{ @)&$ ;fnsf] xflb{s dËndo z'esfdgf JoSt ub{5 . 6LcfO{ g]kfn e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug]{ p2]Zon] :yflkt cu|0fL gful/s ;+:yf xf] . :yfkgf sfnb]lv g} ;bfrf/ k|j4{gsf nflu cfjfh p7fpFb} ;'zf;g, kf/blz{tf / hjfkmb]xL /fHo k|0ffnLsf kIfdf of] ;+:yf lqmofzLn 5 . 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] ljut @! jif{b]lv ;fj{hlgs pQ/bfloTj k|j4{g / e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug]{ sfo{df ;/sf/nufot cGo ;Da4 lgsfo / gful/s ;dfhl;t ;xsfo{ ub}{cfPsf] 5 . o; ;+:yfn] d'n'ssf] zf;g Joj:yf kf/bzL{ 9Ën] rnf];\, sfg"gsf] zf;g :yflkt xf];\ / d'n'sdf JofKt e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f xf];\ eGgfsf nflu log} ljifonfO{ s]Gb|df /fvL ;do;dodf cfkm\gf ;'emfa ;Da4 kIf;dIf k|:t't ub}{cfPsf] 5 . o; kl/k|]Iodf ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLHo";dIf o; ;+:yfn] e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f / ;'zf;g k|j4{g;DaGwL s]xL ;d;fdlos ljifosf] ljljwkIfaf/] cjut u/fpg lgDg ljifoj:t'tkm{ Wofg cfs[i6 ug{ rfx]sf] 5 .

!= /fhgLlt bn, cfGtl/s nf]stGq / lgjf{rg k4lt s= /fhgLlts cl:y/tf e|i6frf/sf sf/0f d'n's cfqmfGt 5 . g]kfndf e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f x'g g;Sg'df d'VotM /fhgLltnfO{ g} bf]if lbg] ul/Psf] 5 . e|i6frf/sf] k|s[lt h]÷h:tf] eP klg o;sf] d"n ;|f]t eg]sf] /fhgLlt g} xf] eGg] cfd a'emfO 5 . /fhgLlts zlSt / ;Qfsf] cf8df e|i6frf/ x'g] u/]sf] / /fhgLlts ;+/If0fsf] sf/0fn] e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{ g;lsPsf] a'emfO gful/sdf 5 .

ax'bnLo Joj:yfdf /fhgLltsf] afxs aGg] k|d'v lhDd]jf/L /fhgLlts bnx?sf] x'G5 . /fhgLlts bnx? hjfkmb]xL Pj+ Jojl:yt x'g ;s]df /fhgLltdf g}ltstf km:6fpg kfpF5 . cGoyf /fhgLlts bnx?s} sf/0f nf]stGqk|lt ljt[i0ff k}bf x'g klg ;S5 . qmlds?kdf nf]stGq sdhf]/ x'Fb} hfFbf d'n'sdf b08xLgtfn] k|>o kfpF5 . kl/0ffd:j?k c/fhstf / e|i6frf/ a9\5 . e|i6frf/ a9\gfsf] d'Vo sf/0f ;dfhdf g}ltsd"No / dfGotfdf cfpg] x|f; g} xf] . nfdf] ;ª\qmd0fsfnn] g]kfnsf] /fhgLltnfO{ k|ToIf k|efj kf/]sf] 5 . cl:y/ /fhgLltsf sf/0f /fHo;+oGqdflysf] ljZjf; åLljwfo'St ePsf] 5 . a9\bf] cl:y/tfsf sf/0f c/fhstfsf] l:yltaf6 d'n's u'lh|/x]sf] cg'ej ;j{q 5 . c/fhstf g} e|i6frf/sf] pa{/e"ld ePsfn] g]kfn blIf0f Pl;ofsf] Ps e|i6 d'n'sdf ;"rLs[t x'g k'u]sf] klg w]/} eO;s]sf] 5 . ljut afO{; jif{b]lv d'n'sdf Pskl5 csf]{ ;/sf/ agfpg] / km]g]{ sfdd} ;do Joltt eO/x]sf] 5 . @)^@÷)^# df ePsf] kl/jt{gkl5 klg To;df s'g} ;'wf/ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . :jtGq ;+j}wflgs lgsfob]lv k|zf;goGq;d]tdf bnLo k|efj a9\bf] 5 . ;/sf/ lsg ablnG5 / s]sf nflu k'gM u7g x'G5 eGg] s'/fsf] ;Gtf]ifhgs pQ/ bnx?;Fu /x]sf] b]lvFb}g . ;fdfGo Go"gtd sfo{qmdljgf ljleGg ;dLs/0fsf cfwf/df u7g x'Fb}cfPsf ;/sf/sf dGqLx? k|wfgdGqLk|lt pQ/bfoL ePsf] h:tf] b]lvFb}g . ;/sf/ kl/jt{gsf] qf;n] e|i6 dGqLnfO{ dGqLkl/ifb\af6 x6fpg] x}l;ot;d]t k|wfgdGqLn] /fVg ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g . dGqLkl/ifb\sf ;b:ox?sf nflu k|efjsf/L 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

j}zfv @)&$ . kf/bzL{

b:tfj]h cfrf/;+lxtf 5}g . dGqLkl/ifb\ u7g ePkl5sf] klxnf] sfd ;lrj ;?jfaf6 k|f/De eP/ lhNnf:t/sf sd{rf/Lx?;d]t cf–cfkm\gfcg's"n /fVg dGqLx? lqmofzLn x'g] u/]sf sf/0f lhNnf tx;Dd lgsfox? c:tJo:t 5g\ . d'n'se/ /fhgLlts ;'Joj:yf sfod ug{ b]z / hgtfn] rfx]sf] ;'zf;gtkm{ d'n'snfO{ cu|;/ u/fpg ;+ljwfgdf b]lvPsf sdL÷sdhf]/Lx?nfO{ ;RofpFb} cfjlws lgjf{rgsf dfWodaf6 l:y/ Pj+ hgpQ/bfoL ;/sf/ u7g ug{ ;Sg] kl/l:yltsf] lgdf{0f ug{ /fhgLlts kxn cfjZos 5 . v= /fhgLlts bn / cfGtl/s nf]stGq xfd|f]h:tf] nf]stflGqs zf;g k4lt ckgfPsf] b]zdf d'n'ssf] /fhgLlt kl/rfng ug]{ d'Vo lhDd]jf/L /fhgLlts bnd} lglxt x'G5 . /fhgLlts bn nf]stflGqs x'g'k5{ eGg] s'/f ;+ljwfgd} n]lvPsf] 5 . t/, bn nf]stflGqs x'g s:tf]k4lt / k|lqmof ckgfpg] eGg] ljifodf s'g} klg bnleq jf bnx?sf aLr 5nkmn ePsf] kfOFb}g . bn ;~rfng;DaGwL cfwf/e"t dfkb08 agfpg]tkm{ ;+;b\df k|ltlglwTj ug]{ bnx? nflu k/]sf b]lvFb}gg\ . k|foM ;a} /fhgLlts bnx?n] tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] ;dodf ug{'kg]{ clwj]zg÷lgjf{rg ;d]t Jojl:yt?kdf ;~rfng ug{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . o; cj:yfdf bnleq cfGtl/s nf]stGqsf] cEof; s;/L eO/x]sf] xf]nf eGg] s'/fdf k|Zg p7\g] u/]sf] 5 . bnx? Jojl:yt?kdf grNbf g]t[Tj ljsf;sf] s'/f t k/} /xf];\ bnsf sfo{stf{df g}ltstf / Ifdtfsf] ljsf;df ;d]t cj/f]w cfO/x]sf] 5 . o:t} cJoj:yfsf aLr rn]sf bnx? ;Qfdf k'Ug] ePsfn] To:tf bnsf g]tf sfo{stf{x?n] d'n'sdf ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt s;/L u/fpg ;Snfg\ eGg] k|Zg gful/sn] af/Daf/ ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . To;}n] e|i6frf/nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ c7f]6 ug]{ xf] eg] :jR5 g]tf tyf sfo{stf{nfO{ dfq k|>o lbg] ljifodf bnx?aLr P]Soj4tf x'g' h?/L 5 . cGoyf /fhgLlts bnx? g} e|i6frf/sf d'xfg x'g\ / e|i6frf/ df}nfpg], a]lylt a;fNg] sfdsf] k|f/De ToxLFaf6 x'g]u5{ eGg] cfd– cf/f]k ;To ;flat x'g hfg] x'G5 . d'xfg ;+Unf] ePdfq gbL ;ª\nf] x'g] x'Fbf of] OR5fzlSt d'Vo ?kn] k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx? / ltgsf] g]t[Tjdf x'g}k5{ . /fhgLlts bnx? cnf]stflGqs x'g] clg d'n'sdf zflGt, ;'Joj:yfsf] ck]Iff hgtfn] ug{'kg]{ eGg] s'/f xfF:of:kb x'g hfG5 .

18 kf/bzL{ . @)&$ j}zfv

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

u= lgjf{rgk4lt aflnu dtflwsf/, cfjlws lgjf{rg / oyfy{df :jtGq lgjf{rg cfof]u nf]stflGqs cEof;sf nflu dxTjk"0f{ eP klg xfd|f] lgjf{rgk4lt cToGt dx+uf] 5 . lgjf{rgdf h;/L eP klg hgtfsf] dt a6'Ng] / To;kl5 ljho k|fKt u/]sf] 7fGg] g]t[Tjn] hgtf ;jf]{k/L x'g\ eGg] s'/f dgg\ ug{ g;s]sf] b]lvG5 . dtbfg ug]{ ;Lldt ;do;Dd hgtf ;fj{ef}d ;Qf ;DkGg eP h:tf b]lvP tfklg csf]{ lgjf{rg gcfP;Dd hgtf k'gM clwsf/ljxLg cj:yfdf k'Ug] / g]tf ;j]{;jf{ x'g] kl/kf6Ln] lgjf{rg lhTg wg÷ansf] k|of]u cTolws dfqfdf x'g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . dt vl/b÷laqmL, pd]bjf/ x'gsf nflu g]tf÷bnnfO{ k|efj kfg{'kg]{, ;f]emf÷;femf hgtfnfO{ nf]edf kf/L dt a6'Ng];d]tsf sf/0faf6 c;n / ;bfrf/L JolSt ;+;b\;Dd k'Ug c;Dej ePsf] 5 . ;+;b\nfO{ t'ngfTds?kdf ;dfj]zL agfOP tfklg ul/a, c;n / ;Ifd JolStsf] plrt k|ltlglwTj ;+;b\df x'g] cj:yf Go"g 5 . To;sf/0f ljBdfg lgjf{rgk4ltsf ljifodf Jofks?kdf 5nkmn ug{'kg]{ cj:yf cfPsf] 5 . o; ljifodf ;/sf/ tyf lgjf{rg cfof]usf] cu|;/tfdf k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx?sf aLr uxg?kdf 5nkmn u/L lgjf{rg k|0ffnLsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ug{' clgjfo{ eO;s]sf] 5 . 3= /fhgLlt / k|zf;g ;+oGq k|hftGqsf] dfWodaf6 ;'zf;gtkm{ 8f]¥ofpg] d"n nIo;lxt ljut 5};7\7L jif{leq d'n'sdf 7"nf÷7"nf tLgj6f qmflGt÷cfGbf]ng e};Sbf klg d'n'sn] e|i6frf/sf] df/af6 /fxt kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf gfddf k|oTgx? ePh:tf b]lvP klg d'n's sf]/f /fhgLltsf sf/0f k|efljt 5 . @))& ;fnb]lv clxn];Dd ^ j6f ;+ljwfg hf/L eO;Sbf klg ;a} ;+ljwfg w/d/s} cj:yfdf /x] . x]bf{v]l/ ;+;b\, k|wfgdGqL, /fhgLlts g]tf, sfo{stf{, sd{rf/L Pj+ u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfx?;d]t e|i6frf/ lj?4 nl8/x]sf] h:tf] b]lvP klg oyfy{df k|foM ;a} tx / tKsfsf lgsfox? hjfkmb]xL / kf/blz{tfsf] cefjdf e|i6frf/ lj?4 k|ltj4 x'g g;s]sf] cg'e"lt eO/x]sf] 5 . ljsl;t d'n'sx?df ljsf;sf] ultn] ltj|tf kfO/xFbf e|i6frf/ ljsf;sf] w]/} kl5÷kl5 l3l;|/x]sf] kfOG5, t/ xfd|f] b]zdf ljsf;sf sfo{qmdsf] yfngL g} e|i6frf/ ug{sf nflu eO/x]sf] xf] ls eGg] cfefif ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfdf k/]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts x:tIf]ksf

b:tfj]h sf/0f sltko ;/sf/cGtu{tsf snsf/vfgf, pBf]uwGbf;d]t aGb ePsf] jf ?U0f cj:yfdf k'¥ofOPsf] oyfy{n] k|sf/fGt/df o:tf] lgisif{ lgsflnxfn] cfZro{ dfGg'kg]{ l:ylt 5}g . 7"nf÷7"nf kbdf k'Ug] k'¥ofOg]x?sf nflu /fHosf] ;|f]t÷;fwg ;w}+ v'nf x'g], ;fdfGo hgtfnfO{ eg] ;a}n] a]jf:tf ug]{ / ul/aLsf] df/af6 ;w}+ lklN;/xg'kg]{ ^ bzseGbf cl3b]lvsf] kl/l:yltdf tflTTjs leGgtf cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . /fhgLlts c:tJo:ttf, sd{rf/L ju{df a9\b} uPsf] cg'zf;gxLgtf, ;dfhdf a9\bf] ck/fwLs/0fh:tf uDeL/ ;d:ofaf6 u|l;t d'n'sdf /f]syfdsf nflu k|x/L k|zf;gsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xG5 . t/ k|x/L k|zf;gdfly÷leq a9\b} uPsf] /fhgLlts x:tIf]ksf sf/0f k|x/Lsf] dgf]an;d]t lubf]{ cj:yfdf 5 . ;Ifd / lglj{jfb g]t[Tj;lxtsf] k|x/L g]t[Tjsf] cf8e/df rNg'kg]{ k|x/L k|zf;g clxn] lgsDdf x'g] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . ;'b[9 /fhgLlts Joj:yf sfod ePsf] b]zdf 5f]6f] ;dodf ;/sf/sf] km]/abnn] ;'zf;gsf] Joj:yf / e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fh:tf lgoldt sfddf vf;} c;/ k/]sf] kfO{+b}g, t/ xfd|f] h:tf] /fhgLlts Joj:yf ;w}+ cl:y/ eO/xg] d'nsdf e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f u/L ;'zf;gtkm{ cl3 a9\g cToGt sl7g x'Fbf]/x]5 eGg] s'/f ljutsf] cg'ejn] k|dfl0ft ul//x]sf] 5 . xfd|f] h:tf] e"–/fhgLlts kl/j]z ePsf] d'n'ssf nflu o:tf] l:ylt /lx/xg' d'n'ssf] cl:tTjsf nflu ;d]t vt/gfs x'g] ePsfn] o;tkm{ ;/sf/ / bn uDeL/ x'g' h?/L 5 . ª= ;/sf/sf] k|efj / ;dGjo d'n'sdf ;+ljwfg 5, sfg"gx? 5g\, dGqLkl/ifb\, Gofokflnsfnufot cGo ;+j}wflgs lgsfo, ;]gf, lghfdtL ;]jf, k|x/L k|zf;gh:tf nf]stflGqs /fHosf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;a} lgsfox? /x]sf 5g\ . t/, ltgsf aLrdf ;dGjosf] ;Vt cefj /x]sfn] d'n's tby{jfbdf rn]sf] h:tf] b]lvG5 . lghfdtL P]gn] æ/fi6«;]jsÆ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ plrt ;]jf, ;'ljwf / ;'/Iff lbPsf] 5, t/ slt sd{rf/Ln] /fHosf] ;'Joj:yfsf lglDt sfd ul//x]sf xf]nfg\ Û Tof] cg';Gwfgsf] ljifo aGg ;S5 . 6«]8 o'lgog l;4fGtsf] cfbz{ / dof{bfljk/Lt sd{rf/LtGq cg'Q/bfoL cj:yfaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] b]lvG5 . sd{rf/L 6«]8 o'lgogx? ljleGg bnx?;Fu cfj4 ePsf sf/0f sd{rf/LtGq cfnf]lrt /

k|efljtdfq xf]Og, c/fhs aGb} uPsf] ;dfrf/ ;fj{hlgs x'Fb}cfPsf] 5 . t;y{, ;+ljwfg / sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /x]/ ;/sf/sf] kx'Fr x/JolSt / If]qdf /xg'÷/fVg'kg]{tkm{ ;/sf/ ;lqmo /xFbf e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf] sfdn] qmlds ?kdf ult lng ;S5 .

@= ljleGg cWoog k|ltj]bgdf e|i6frf/sf] cj:yf s= e|i6frf/sf k|sf/ e|i6frf/nfO{ d'Vo?kdf b'O{ >]0fLdf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 . s_ gLltut e|i6frf/ v_ sfo{;~rfng:t/df x'g] e|i6frf/ . c= gLltut e|i6frf/ ;a}eGbf xflgsf/s x'G5 . x]bf{ ;a} sfd sfg"gadf]lhd ePsf] b]lvP÷b]vfOP klg lglxt p2]Zo ePsf ;f;bx?n] cfkm\gf] lxt x'g] u/L cfkm\gf] kIfdf jftfj/0f tof/ u/L ;+;b\af6 sfg"g lgdf{0f u/fpg ;S5g\ . Toltdfq xf]Og, lglxt :jfy{ af]s]sf afXo jf cfGtl/s zlSt÷;+:yfn] bjfadf kf/]/ /fhgLlts bn jf ltgsf ;f+;bx?nfO{ x/lsl;dn] cfkm\gf] kIfdf kf/L ;'ljrfl/t 9+un] sfg"g lgdf{0f u/fpg] ub{5g\ . To:t}, ;Qf?9 bn :jo+ jf ;/sf/n] ;d]t gofF gofF lgod jf gLlt agfO{ cfkm\gf] bn jf ;Qfwf/L JolStsf] :jfy{df lgod, gLlt kl/jt{g ul//xG5g\ eGg] ul/G5 . o; k|lqmofaf6 x'g] e|i6frf/n] d'n'ssf] /fli6«otf, ;fjef}d;Qf Pj+ hglxtdf 7"nf] vt/f lgDTofpg ;S5 . o; lsl;dsf] e|i6frf/sf] k|df0f slxF÷st} kfOFb}g . To;}n] o;sf nflu ;/sf/n] ;+;b\dfkm{t agfpg] k|To]s P]g jf ;/sf/n] lgdf{0f ug]{ ;a} lsl;dsf lgod gLlt agfpg'cl3 To;nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ug{'k5{ . gful/s ;dfhnfO{ o:tf] ljifodf Jofks?kdf 5nkmn ug]{ df}sf lbg'k5{ . o; lsl;dsf] v'nf / kf/bzL{ cEof;sf sf/0f gLltut e|i6frf/ qmlds?kdf 36\b} hfg;S5 . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf qmddf ;d]t o:tf]k4lt gckgfpFbf hgtfsf] dg / dl:tisdf gePsf k|fjwfgx?;d]t ;+ljwfgdf kg{ uPsf], cl:y/tf a9]sf] / ax'+Vos hgtfsf] lxtljk/Lt ePsf] u'gf;f] klg gful/sn] u/]sf 5g\ . cf= sfo{ ;~rfng:t/df x'g] e|i6frf/ d'VotM ;/sf/L sfof{no / ;]jfu|fxLx?;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5 . To; s'/fnfO{ e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ;'emfj ;ldlt @)%^ sf] k|ltj]bgdf ;d]t k|:6?kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;]jfu|fxLn] s'g÷s'g sfof{noaf6 ;]jf lnFbf s:tf] cg'ej u/]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/fsf ;Gbe{df To;a]nfsf] 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

j}zfv @)&$ . kf/bzL{

b:tfj]h / clxn]sf] l:yltnfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ vf;} kl/jt{g ePsf] b]lvFb}g . tfn'sjfnf jf gLltut txdf /xg] kbflwsf/L jf sfof{no, lgsfox?n] o;tkm{ k6Ss} cg'udg gug]{ / cg'udg ug]{x? klg zlSts]Gb|s} kIfdf /xg] ePsf sf/0f yk ;'wf/ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . s]xL dGqfno / sfof{nodf x'g] ljs[lt÷lj;+ult e|i6frf/sf sf/0f hgtfn] slxn];Dd of] b'Mv / kL8faf6 hLjg u'hf/f ul//xg'kg]{ xf] of] eGg ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . dfnkf]t, eG;f/, s/, gfkL÷e"ld;'wf/, ljsf;, lgdf{0f oftfoft, cWofudg, j}b]lzs /f]huf/L, ;/sf/L jlsnsf] sfof{nonufotsf ;/sf/L sfof{nox?df x'g] sfo{;~rfng:t/sf e|i6frf/ klg d"ntM gLltut txs} ;+/If0faf6 x'g] u/]sf] 5 . ;]jfu|fxL;Fu k|ToIf ;DaGw /xg] sfof{nosf] sfdnfO{ ;/n / ;xh agfpg] / To;dfly k|efjsf/L?kdf /]vb]v / lgu/fgL ug'{kg]{ lgodg ;DaGwL sfdx?nfO{ Jofks agfpFb} uP o;df s]xL dfqfdf tTsfn ;'wf/ cfpg ;S5 eGg] s'/f ;/sf/n] x[boËd ug{ h?/L 5 . v= e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ;'emfj ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg, @)%^ / jt{dfg cj:yf g]kfndf e|i6frf/ a9\gfsf] sf/0f / cj:yf tyf To;nfO{ /f]syfd ug]{ pkfo;Fu ;DalGwt /x]/ cWoog ug{sf nflu >Ls[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{sf] k|wfgdGqLTjsfndf @)%^ ;fndf >L dxfb]jk|;fb ofbjsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ul7t e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ;'emfj ;ldltn] tof/ u/]sf] k|ltj]bg -@)%^ ;fn r}t ( ut] tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqLnfO{ a'emfOPsf] ._ df g]kfndf e|i6frf/sf] ;|f]t, e|i6frf/ x'gfsf sf/0f / To;sf] lgoGq0fsf pkfox?;d]t k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . pQm k|ltj]bgdf elgPsf] 5, æha g}lts d"Nodf klx/f] hfg yfN5, e|i6frf/n] e';sf] cfuf] h:t} leq– leq} ;dfhnfO{ 89fP/ v/fgL agfpg a]/ nfUb}g . b'/frf/n] o;nfO{ OGwg lbFb}5, ;+/If0fn] o;nfO{ xf};nf lbPsf] 5, pkef]QmfjfbL ;f]rfOn] o;nfO{ dnhn ub}{5, ;dfhsf] :jLs[ltn] an lbPsf] 5 / kl/0ffddf /fi6« eg] cf]/fnf] nfUb}5 . ;Lldt ;|f]t–;fwgnfO{ ;+Fufn]/ b'O{ sbd cufl8 a9\g] xfd|f] k|of;nfO{ o;n] rf/sbd k5fl8 ws]lnlbPsf] 5 .Æ e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf nflu ‘d"n’ ;ª\nf] x'g'k5{ eGg] ul/G5, t/ e|i6frf/sf] d"n sxfF 5 t < eGg] k|Zgtk{m ljrf/ ubf{ pQm k|ltj]bgn] klg e|i6frf/sf] æd"n ;|f]t eg]sf] /fhgLlt g} xf]Æ eGg] s'/f pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . e|i6frf/sf] d"n ;|f]t /fhgLlts g}

20 kf/bzL{ . @)&$ j}zfv

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

xf] eg] d'n'sdf clxn] s;n] / s;/L /fhgLlt kl/rfng ub{5g\ eGg]tk{m ulxl/P/ cWoog ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . lj=;+= @)$^ df g]kfnL hgtfsf] nfdf] ;+3if{kl5 /fhgLlts bnx?dflysf] k|ltaGw k'ms'jf eO{ k|hftGq k'gM:yflkt eof] . /fhgLlt kl/rfng ug]{ lhDd]jf/L /fhgLlts bndf cfof] . w]/} xb;Dd hgtfn] /fhgLlts :jtGqtf kfP tfklg d'n'sdf e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug]{ ;Gbe{df k|ult x'g ;s]sf] b]lvPg . @)%( kl5 s]xL sfg"gL ;'wf/ x'Fb} uP, t/ klg d'n'sdf /fhtGq ePsf sf/0f nf]stflGqs Joj:yf k|j4{g x'g g;s]sf] eg]/ @)^@÷)^# df To;sf] cGTosf nflu /fhgLlts kl/jt{g eof] . d'n'sdf nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgf ePkl5 t e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f xf]nf eGg] hgtfsf] OR5f / cfsfª\Iff lyof] t/ To;f] x'g g;s]sf] ljleGg cWoogn] b]vfO/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . @)^@÷^# sf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5sf lbgdf bnx?n] d'n'sdf nf]stflGqs–u0ftGqsf] gfddf bnLo /fhgLlt dfq rnfpg yfn]sfn] nf]stGqsf cfwf/e"t :tDex? ljsl;t x'g ;s]gg\ . ;+j}wflgs lgsfox? cf– cfkm\gf] kl/lwleq r':t b'?:t x'g'kg]{df bnLo k|efjsf sf/0f qmdzM v'Drg] qmddf b]lvG5g\ . o;af6 d'n'sdf e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f x'g g;Sg'df /fhgLltdf g}lts d"No / dfGotfdf cfPsf] x|f; g} k|d'v sf/0f xf] / ljz]ifu/L k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx?n] ;fdfGo g}lts d"No / dfGotfnfO{ ;d]t a]jf:tf ug]{ u/]sf sf/0f nf]stGqdf k|efjzfnL JolStn] h]–h;f] u/] klg x'G5 eGg] cfTd3ftL ;Gb]z hg:t/df k|jflxt eO/x]sf] 5 . e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ;'emfa ;ldltsf] @)%^ sf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ 6]s]/ sfg"gx?df s]xL ;'wf/ ePsf] / @)&@ df gofF ;+ljwfg hf/L ePsf] eP tfklg s] sf/0fn] ubf{ b]zdf e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf] cleofg k|efjsf/L x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g eGg]tkm{ d'n'sdf /fhgLlt kl/rfng ug]{ ;a} bnsf ;fy} ;/sf/ / ;fdflhs cu'jf;d]tn] uDeL/tfk"j{s ;f]Rg'kg]{ ePsf] 5 . ;'zf;g k|Tofe"lt ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy @)^# df cfPsf] ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g / @)^$ df cfPsf] ;'zf;g -Joj:yfkg tyf ;~rfng_ P]gn] sfg"gsf] zf;g, e|i6frf/d'St / r':t k|zf;g ;d]tsf dfWodaf6 ;'zf;g kfpg] gful/ssf] clwsf/nfO{ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpgsf lglDt sfg"gL Joj:yf ePsf] eP klg

b:tfj]h d'n'sdf lsg cem} e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f x'g] ;+s]t;Dd kflg kfpg g;s]sf] xf] eGg]tkm{ /fhgLlts jx; x'g h?/L 5 .

e|i6frf/sf] /f]syfd / lgoGq0fåf/f ;'zf;g sfod ug{ ;kmntf k|fKt x'g;S5Æ elgPsf] 5 .

u= ;+;bLo, ;+j}wflgs / ;/sf/L k|ltj]bg

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgnn] @)!# df ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] Unf]an s/K;g Jof/f]ld6/ -hL;LaL_ df g]kfnsf /fhgLlts bnx? clt e|i6 eGg] pNn]v 5 . To;kl5 lghfdtL sd{rf/L, k|x/L, Joj:yflksf tyf Gofokflnsfnufotsf If]q klg e|i6 lgsfo 5g\ eGg] s'/f k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 . To:t}, ;f]xL ;+:yfaf6 k|To]s jif{ k|sflzt x'g] e|i6frf/ cjwf/0ff -s/K;g k;]{K;g OG8]S;– ;LkLcfO{_ ;"rsfª\sdf x/]s jif{ g]kfnsf] l:ylt bogLo 5 eGg] s'/f ;fj{hlgs x'Fb}cfPsf] 5 . pSt ;+:yfn] u/]sf] ;j]{dWo] e]/fOl6h ckm 8]df]qm];L k|f]h]S6n] u/]sf] /fhgLlts e|i6frf/sf] Jofkstf;DaGwL ;g\ @)!^ sf] cg';Gwfgaf6 g]kfnn] s"n !)) dWo] @! cª\sdfq k|fKt u/]sf] 5 .

c_ ;fj{hlgs n]vf;ldltsf] !* cf}+ k|ltj]bg @)&# cg';f/– æ/fhgLlts ;+qmd0fnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ clgoldttf, a]?h' Pj+ cfly{s rnv]n / e|i6frf/ gx'g] s'g} ;+:yf÷lgsfo g} b]lvg 5f8]sf] 5 . /fh:j, C0f k|jfx, vl/b, ;]jf, ljsf; lgdf{0f, lgo'lSt ug]{ / Ohfht lbg] lgsfox?df o:tf unt / cfly{s rnv]nsf sfdsf/afxL a9L x'g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . j}b]lzs ;xfotfnfO{ klg kf/bzL{ / k|efjsf/L agfpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . gLltut e|i6frf/ /fhgLlts g]t[Tjaf6 g} x'g] u/]sf] 5 t/ /fhgLlts g]t[Tjn] cfkm"nfO{ hjfkmb]xL 9Ën] k|:t't ug}{ ;s]sf] 5}g . -P]hg k|ltj]bg k[i7 XIII) /fHosf ;fwg ;|f]tsf] k|efjsf/L pkof]u u/L cfd–gful/snfO{ :jflwg, cfTdlge{/, ;d[4 agfpg'kg]{df To;sf] ;xL ;b'kof]u gu/L x/]s If]qdf sldzgtGqsf] af]nafnf /x]sf] 5Æ -P]hg k|ltj]bg k[i7 XV) eGg] s'/f pNn]v 5 . cf_ dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] %% cf}+ jflif{s k|ltj]bg @)&@ -k[i7 $ sf] @=!_ cg';f/ æc;'n km5\Øf]{6 u/L sf/afxL 6'Ëf] nufpg'kg]{ cBfjlws /sd ut jif{ ?= @ va{ &# ca{ !@ s/f]8 #) nfv /x]sf]df o; jif{ ? # va{ @* ca{ %@ s/f]8 #* nfv k'u]sf] 5 . pSt /sd utjif{sf] t'ngfdf @)=@* k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] 5Æ eGg] tYo pNn]v 5 . O_ k|zf;g ;'wf/ ;'emfj ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg @)&) -k[i7 5_ df ænf]stflGqs ;+j}wflgs /fHosf] :yfkgfåf/f ljlwsf] zf;gk|lt k|ltj4 /fHoJoj:yfsf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsPdf g} d'n'sdf ;'zf;g sfod x'g ;S5 . /fhgLlt g} /fHoJoj:yfsf] lg0ff{os kIf ePsfn] /fhgLltnfO{ ;xL lbzfaf]w ug{ o;nfO{ Joj;fosf ?kdf glnO{ ;]jfsf ?kdf lng] k4lt :yflkt ug{ cfjZos 5 . /fhgLltdf OR5fzlSt / k|ltj4tf geP;Dd e|i6frf/ Go"gLs/0f sl7g x'G5 . e|i6frf/sf] d'xfg ;kmf ug{ g;s];Dd 6fn6'n] sf/afxL / ;'wf/n] dfq e|i6frf/d'St ;dfhsf] ljsf; ;Dej 5}g . :j:y /fhgLlts cEof;, /fli6«o lxt / /fli6«o :jfy{k|lt jkmfbf/ eO{ sfd ug]{ sfo{z}nL, nf]stflGqs ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf;, sfg"g dfGg] ;dfhsf] l;h{gf, b08xLgtfsf] cGToh:tf s'/fx?df s]lGb|t eO{ zf;g ;~rfng ug]{ xf] eg]dfq

3= 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgnsf k|ltj]bg

dfly pNn]lvt k|ltj]bgdf /fhgLlt / e|i6frf/sf] ;DaGw /x]sf] eGg] s'/f k|:6?kdf a'em\g ;lsG5 . hL;LaL @)!# tyf ;LkLcfO{ @)!^ sf] k|ltj]bg / cGo ;j]{If0fx?nfO{ cWoog ubf{ g]kfndf /fhgLlts e|i6frf/ r'lnPsf] cj:yfdf 5 eGg] lgisif{ lgsfNg ;lsG5 . o; ;+:yfn] lzIff / :yfgLo ljsf; s]lGb|t ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfx ;j]{If0f @)!^ xfn;fn} k|sflzt u/]sf] 5 . pSt k|ltj]bgn] dfnkf]t sfof{no, gfkL sfof{no, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nonufotsf !@ j6f ;/sf/L sfof{noaf6 ;fj{hlgs ;]jf lnFbf ;]jfu|fxLn] ef]u]sf] ;d:of / e|i6frf/sf] k|sf/ ;d]t pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . ;a}eGbf a9L e|i6frf/ x'g] ;/sf/L lgsfo egL k|ltj]bgn] cf}+NofPsf / e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ;'emfj ;ldltsf] @)%^ ;fnsf] k|ltj]bgn] b]vfPsf cj:yf;Fu t'ngf ubf{ d'n'sdf ;d:of h:tfsf] To:t} /x]sf] / e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf] If]qdf slQ klg ;kmntf xfl;n ug{ g;s]sf] s'/f k|:6;Fu a'em\g ;lsG5 . e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf nflu ;+j}wflgs / sfg"gL Joj:yfx? x'Fbfx'Fb} klg ljut !^ jif{sf] cg'ejsf cfwf/df d'n's ;'zf;gsf] dfu{tkm{ lsg pGd'v x'g ;s]g eGg] s'/ftkm{ uDeL/?kn] ;dLIff ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5 .

#= ;+j}wflgs, sfg"gL / ;+/rgfTds Joj:yf s= ;+ljwflgs Joj:yf, k|wfgdGqLsf] lhDd]jf/L / clVtof/ b"?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u c_ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg zlSt k[ysLs/0fsf] l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t 5 . cfjlws lgjf{rgsf] cfwf/df u7g 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

j}zfv @)&$ . kf/bzL{

b:tfj]h x'g] ;+;b\k|lt k|wfgdGqL hjfkmb]xL x'g] / d'n'ssf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v k|wfgGqL g} x'g] x'Fbf d'n'sdf ;'zf;g lbg] k|d'v lhDd]jf/L k|wfgdGqL s} xf] . cf_ @)%^ ;fnsf] plNnlvt k|ltj]bgsf] a'Fbf gDa/ !=$ df æe|i6frf/;DaGwL sf/afxL ug]{ clwsf/ clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]udf dfq ;Lldt u/]sf] k[i7e"lddf hgtfsf] ;jf]{RrtfnfO{ zL/f]wfo{ ug]{ ;+;bLo zf;g k|0ffnLdf zf;gsf] afu8f]/ ;DxfNg] lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] hglgjf{lrt ;/sf/df klg o;;DaGwL clwsf/ /xg]tkm{ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg u/]sf] avt ljrf/ ul/g'k5{ eGg] ;ldlt 7fG5Æ eGg] a]xf]/f pNn]v 5 . ;fy}, ;f]xL k|ltj]bgsf] a'Fbf g+= $=^ ;+u7g ;'wf/;DaGwL ;'emfj zLif{scGtu{tsf ljifosf] cWoog ul/Pdf ;f] ;dodf klg æsfo{sf/L cËsf] kIfdf x]bf{ k|hftflGqs ;+;bLo Joj:yfdf ;/sf/ hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g] x'Fbf /fHo ;~rfngsf x/]s kIfdf b]lvg] ljs[ltsf] lhDd]jf/L ;/sf/n] g} lng'kg]{ ePsf]n] of] sfd ;/sf/s} xf] eGg] ul/G5Æ eGb} æe|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug]{ sfo{sf nflu k|wfgdGqL dftxt 5'§} k|efjsf/L lgsfo v8f ug{ pko'St b]lvG5Æ h:tf dxTjk"0f{ a'Fbfx? pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ . To;a]nf g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfgsf] kl/lwleq /x]/ ;'emfa lbg] sfof{b]z x'Fbfx'Fb} klg o; k|sf/sf] a'Fbf;d]t ;dfj]z u/L pSt k|ltj]bg a'emfOPsf] b]lvG5 . O_ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] k|wfgdGqLo k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . k|wfgdGqL eGg' eg]s} d'n'ssf] ;jf]{Rr sfo{sf/L kb xf] . ;+;b\af6 r'lgg] To:tf k|wfgdGqLnfO{ ;+;bsf] ax'dtn] kbd'St ug{ ;S5 . t/, ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lsf nflu b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dt cfjZos 5 . e|i6frf/;DaGwL cg';Gwfg cflb sfd lhDdf kfPsf clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf s'g} klg cfo'StnfO{ kbd'St ug{sf nflu ;+;b\sf] b'O{ltxfO{ ax'dt cfjZos k5{ . cgfjZos?kdf zlStzfnL agfOPsf] cËn] clVtof/sf] b'?kof]u ug{;S5 eGg] pbfx/0f clVtof/n] bf]xf]/f] ;Qf ;~rfng ug{ nfu]sf] eGg] cleJolSt sfo{sf/L k|d'vn] g} lbg'kg]{ cj:yfaf6 a'‰g ;lsG5 . d'n'sdf ;'zf;g sfod ug]{ k|d'v cleef/f k|wfgdGqLsf] x'g] / To;sf nflu e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f;DaGwL sfd :jR5 Pj+ :jtGq?kdf ug'{kg]{ ePsfn] oL ljifonfO{ b[li6ut u/L clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] e"ldsfaf/] k'glj{rf/ x'g' jf~5gLo 5 . k|wfgdGqLn] cfkm\gf] kbsf] b'?kof]u u/]sf cj:yfdf lghdfly cª\s'z nufpg]

22 kf/bzL{ . @)&$ j}zfv

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

sfd ;+;b\sf] ax'dtsf] x'g] / ;+;b\n] ;f] sfd ug{ g;s] lgh kbd'St ePkl5 klg lghdfly sfg"gadf]lhd sf/afxL ug{ ;lsg] ePsfn] k|wfgdGqL d'n'sk|lt lhDd]jf/ aGg}kg]{ x'G5 . O{_ e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ;'emfj ;ldlt @)%^ sf] k|ltj]bgsf] a'Fbf gDa/ $=! df æ;/sf/n] ;dfhdf ;'Joj:yf sfod ug{ / hglxtsf] k|j4{g ug]{ p2]Zon] ljleGg P]g, lgodsf] Joj:yf u/L ltgsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ ljifout sfof{nox? :yfkgf u/]sf] 5 . oL sfof{nox? cfkm\gf] If]q;Fu ;DalGwt sfg"gn] cfTd;ft u/]sf] p2]Zocg'?ksf] Joj:yf sfod ug{ lg/Gt/ /]vb]v, cg'udg / lgoGq0fsf] sfo{df ;lqmo /x]sf] cj:yfdf e|i6frf/ / clgoldttfx? :jtM sd x'Fb} hfG5g\Æ eGg] s'/f pNn]v ub}{ $=@ df æcg'lrt sfo{ / e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf nflu cg';Gwfg ug{ / bf]ifLpk/ d'2f rnfpg ;Sg] cleef/f lbOP tfklg o; sfddf cfof]u -clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u_ k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf] b]lvPg . cfof]uaf6 bfo/ ul/Psf d'2fx? clwsf+z c;kmn ePsf b]lvG5g\Æ egL pNn]v ul/Psf] a'Fbfx?nfO{ jt{dfg kl/k|]Iodf ljj]rgf ubf{ cfof]u cfk}mFleq ;d:ofu|:t b]lvPsf] 5 . p_ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)!( df @)#@ ;fndf ePsf] ;+zf]wgn] clVtof/ b'?kof]u lgjf/0f cfof]unfO{ ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] ?kdf :yfg lbOof] . gfd / sfdsf] k|s[ltdf s]xL leGgtf eP tfklg clVtof/n] ;+j}wflgs x}l;ot k|fKt u/]sf] rfnL; jif{eGbf a9L eO;s]sf] 5 . t/, o;sf] sfd k|efjsf/L gePsf sf/0f @)%^ ;fnd} o;sf] sfd÷sf/afxL / cl:tTjdfly;d]t pNn]lvt k|ltj]bgn] k|Zg p7fO;s]sf] cj:yfdf @)^# ;fnsf] cGtl/d / @)&@ ;fnsf] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf o;nfO{ ;+j}wflgs lgsfos} 7fpF lbOPsf] 5 . dfly pNn]v ul/Pcg';f/ d'n'ssf] sfo{sf/Lsf] dftxt x'g'kg]{ e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf] lhDd]jf/L s'g} vf; ;+j}wflgs lgsfonfO{ dfq ;'Dk]/ d'n'sdf ;'zf;gsf] clej[l4 x'g ;Sbf]/x]g5 eGg] s'/f ljleGg k|ltj]bgx?;d]tn] k|i6 ul/;s]sf] 5 . To:tf] ;+j}wflgs lgsfodf cfo'St lgo'lSt ubf{ klg /fhgLlts efua08fsf] cfwf/df jf sxLF s;}sf] bjfadf k/]/÷kf/]/ lgo'St x'g]÷ug]{ k/Dk/faf6 e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug]{ sfd s;/L ;kmn x'g;S5 < To;}n] clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] jt{dfg Joj:yf, clwsf/If]q / 9fFrfnfO{ hjfkmb]xL ;/sf/sf] l;4fGtcg's"n x'g]

b:tfj]h u/L k'g;{+/rgf ug{' o'lSt;Ët x'g]5 . To;sf nflu e|i6frf/lj?4sf] ;+o'St /fi6«;+3Lo dxf;lGw (United Nations Convention Against Corruption- UNCAC) sf] d"n efjgfnfO{ eg] la;{g ;lsFb}g . v= ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\ / Gofokl/ifb\ ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] 5gf}6 ug]{ d'Vo lhDd]jf/L k|wfgdGqL g]t[Tjsf] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\n] kfPsf] 5 . t/, o;n] ug]{ pd]b\jf/ l;kmfl/;sf] sfd kf/bzL{ 5}g . kf/bzL{ 9Ën] sfd gu/]s} sf/0f unt lgot, ;f]r / k|j[lQsf JolStx?nfO{ ;d]t o;n] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . aflx/ st} ePsf] lg0f{onfO{ o;n] cf}krfl/stf k|bfg ug]{ cEof; ub}{cfPsfn] o;sf] ;+/rgf Pj+ sfd÷sf/afxLnfO{ lnP/ a[xt\?kdf d"Nofª\sg ug{'kg]{ ePsf] 5 . To:t}, Gofokl/ifb\;DaGwL ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfn] Gofokflnsfdf /fhgLlt lelqPsf] b]lvG5 . GofofwLz lgo'lStsf ljifodf b]lvPsf] a]lyltn] GofofwLz lgo'lStsf] ljifo r/d ljjfbdf kg]{ u/]sf] 5 . t;y{, x/]s lx;fan] GofokflnsfnfO{ ;Ifd / :jtGq agfpgsf nflu klg casf lbgdf lhNnf / pRr cbfntsf GofofwLzsf] lgo'lSt nf]s;]jf cfof]un] ckgfpg] k|lqmofh:t} k|lqmof k'¥ofO{ GofofwLz of]Uotfsf] k/LIffsf] k4lt ljsf; u/L To;}sf] cfwf/df GofofwLz lgo'lSt ug]{ ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf ug{'k5{ . GofofwLz lgo'lStsf] cfwf/ ljZjfl;nf] / kf/bzL{ x'g}k5{ . @)%^ sf] k|ltj]bgn] klg æGofokflnsfleq GofofwLzx?sf] lgo'lSt / ;?jf k|lqmof ckf/bzL{Æ / æ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] sfd÷sf/afxL klg a9L uf]Ko /flvFbf ljjflbt Pj+ cfnf]lrt x'g] u/]sf] l6Kk0fLnfO{ a]jf:tf u/]sf]Æ kl/0ffd clxn] d'n'sn] Joxf]l//xg'k/]sf] cj:yf 5 . hgpQ/bfloTj x'g] Joj:yf gePsf o:tf kl/ifb\sf sfd÷sf/afxL a9L kf/bzL{ atfpg'kg]{ / To;f] ug{ ;+ej gePdf o:tf kl/ifb\sf] ;+/rgfTds Joj:yfsf] ljsNkaf/] 5nkmn rnfpg' pko'St x'g]5 . u= /fli6«o ;ts{tf s]Gb| gLltut e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug]{ sfdsf nflu d'Vo ?kdf ;/sf/, /fhgLlts bn / ltgsf] g]t[Tjd} e/kg{'kg]{ x'Fbf cfjlws lgjf{rgaf6 c;n hgk|ltlglw rog x'Fb} uP To;n] klg e|i6frf/ Go"gLs/0f x'gSnf . t/, sfg"gljk/Lt x'g] jf sfg"gsf] ckJofVof u/L x'g] e|i6frf/ Go"gLs/0fsf nflu

/fli6«o ;t{stf s]Gb|nfO{ ;jn, ;Ifd / :jtGq agfpg}kg]{ x'G5 . To;}nfO{ b[li6ut u/L @)%^ sf] k|ltj]bgdf To;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf g} ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . e|i6frf/LnfO{ ;hfo ug'{eGbf e|i6frf/ x'g} glbg] Joj:yfsf] yfngLsf nflu k|:tfljt ul/Psf] pSt ;'emfanfO{ sfg"g agfpg] qmddf cToGt ;+s'lrt ul/of] . clxn] cfP/ /fli6«o ;ts{tf s]Gb| ;DklQ ljj/0f ;+sng ug]{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] Pp6f ;fdfGo ljefuh:tf] b]lvPsf] 5 . e|i6frf/ /f]syfd ug]{ lg/f]wfTds sfddf o;sf] e"ldsf lgik|efjL ePsf] 5 . /fli6«o ;ts{tf s]Gb|sf ljifodf @)%^ sf] k|ltj]bgdf lbOPsf ;'emfax?nfO{ cIf/zM sfg"gdf kl/0ft u/L To;sf] clwsf/ If]qnfO{ cem Jofks agfpg'kg]{ cj:yf clxn] emg\ 68\sf/f] ?kdf b]lvPsf] 5 . pSt k|ltj]bgsf] a'Fbf $=^=@ df /fli6«o ;ts{tf s]b|sf] :yfkgf;lxt To;n] ug]{ sfd st{Jo / clwsf/sf ljifodf k|i6?kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . t/ sfg"g agfpFbf tTsfnLg ;/sf/ / sd{rf/LtGqsf sf/0f /fli6«o ;ts{tf s]Gb|nfO{ csf]{ Pp6f ;/sf/L lgsfodfq agfOof] . /fli6«o ;ts{tf s]Gb|af/] k|:tfljt ;'emfjn] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ ;an, ;'b[9 agfpF5 . d'n'sdf ;'zf;g k|Tofe"lt u/fpg] sfd k|wfgdGqLsf] x'g] ePsfn] lghnfO{ k"0f{ ?kdf lhDd]jf/ / pQ/bfoL agfpF5 . t;y{, jt{dfg ;/sf/ o; lbzftkm{ cu|;/ x'g' h?/L 5 . 3= u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yf u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfdfkm{t\ ;]jf ug{' hgtfsf] df}lns clwsf/ xf] . d'n'sdf sfg"gadf]lhd To:tf ;+:yf vf]Ng' cfk}mFdf ;sf/fTds s'/f xf] . ltgsf] ;+Vof a9\b} hfg' klg :jefljs xf] . t/, To:tf ;+:yfx? slt kf/bzL{?kdf rn]sf 5g\ < pgLx? cfkm\gf] p2]Zo kl/k"lt{sf nflu hfu?s 5g\ 5}gg\ < j:t'k/s 9+un] To;sf] cg'udg x'g;s]sf] 5}g . u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] sfd kf/bzL{ x'g'k5{ / ltgsf] nlIft sfd ;]jfu|fxL;Dd k'u]s} x'g'k5{ . sfg"gsf] bfo/fleq /x]/ p2]Zocg'?ksf] sfd eP÷gePsf ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt lgsfon] /fd|f];Fu lgu/fgL gu/]sf]÷ug{ g;s]sf sf/0f ljs[ltx? a9\b} uPsf 5g\ eGg] ;dfrf/x? cfO/x]sf 5g\ . t;y{, /fd|f u};;x?nfO{ k|f]T;flxt / g/fd|fnfO{ sfg"gsf] bfo/fdf Nofpgsf nflu ;/sf/n] tTsfn k|efjsf/L sbd yfNg'k5{ . xHhf/f+} xhf/sf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

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b:tfj]h u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] lqmofsnfksf] lgodgsf nflu k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] :yfgdf 5'§} clwsf/L tf]lsg' plrt x'g]5 .

$= k|:tfljt tLg lgjf{rg / r'gfjL vr{ @)&$ ;fn g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df k"0f{?kdf ;+3Lo u0ftGq g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjog ug]{ jif{ xf] . /fi6«JofkL?kdf Ps} jif{ tLgj6f lgjf{rg x'g] jif{ ePsfn] klg @)&$ ;fn P]ltxfl;s?kdf dxTjk"0f{ jif{ x'Fb}5 . @)&$ ;fndf ;/sf/L:t/df Hofb} 7"nf] wg/flz vr{ x'g]5 . Toltdfq xf]Og /fhgLlts bn / ltgsf pDd]bjf/x?n] ;d]t lgjf{rg k|of]hgsf nflu vr{ ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . t/, To;sf nflu wg/flzsf] Joj:yf s;/L x'G5 < of] Hofb} dxTjk"0f{ ljifo xf] . lgjf{rg ;dfKt ePkl5 /fhgLlts bn / ltgsf pDd]bjf/n] lgjf{rgkl5 lx;fa a'emfpg'kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf t cfkm\gf] 7fpFdf 5 . t/ ltgn] lgjf{rg cfof]udf a'emfpg lx;faeGbf w]/} u'0ff a9L vr{ ug]{ u5{g\ eGg] s'/f huhfx]/ 5 . o; cj:yfdf tLgtLg j6f lgjf{rgsf nflu w]/} 7"nf] wg/flz /fhgLlts bn jf ltgsf pDd]bjf/n] sxfFaf6 s;/L h'6fpFnfg\ < of] eg] Hofb} uDeL/ k|Zg xf] . sltko bn / ltgsf g]tfn] cg'lrt Pj+ cj}w 9Ëaf6 -gLltut e|i6frf/sf dfWodaf6 jf ha/h:tL rGbf c;'n u/]/_ wg/flzsf] Joj:yf ug]{ u5{g\ eGg] hgu'gf;f] ;w}+ /lxcfPsf] 5 . Ps} ;fndf x'g] tLgj6f lgjf{rgsf nflu ul/g] e|i6frf/ rGbf c;'nLaf6 lgjf{rgkZrft\ a9\g;Sg] dx+uL / d'b|fl:kmltn] d'n'snfO{ s'g :yfgdf k'¥ofpFnf < o; ljifodf ;DalGwt ;a}n] ;f]Rg}kg]{ x'G5 . o;tkm{ ;/sf/n] ;DalGwt ;a}nfO{ ;r]t / ;ts{ u/fpg' ckl/xfo{ ePsf] 5 .

%= ljljw s= lzIff / :jf:Yo lzIff / :jf:Yo If]qdf y'k|} ;+:yfx? v'n]sf 5g\ . ;ª\VofTds?kdf x]bf{ k|ult /fd|f] b]lvP klg :jf:Yo÷lzIff ;DaGwL clwsf+z ;+:yfx?df u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k|bfg ug]{;DaGwL sfddf eg] ;d:of kfOPsf] 5 . lzIff÷:jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df Jofks?kdf a9]sf] /fhgLlts/0fsf sf/0f k9\g]÷k9fpg] kl/l:ylt emg\÷emg\ lalu|/x]sf] 5 . cfly{s rnv]nsf sf/0f Dofb gf3]sf / sd u'0f:t/sf cf}iflwx? cfk"lt{ ug]{ ul/Psf ;dfrf/x? cfpg] qmd hf/L 5 . Joj:yfkg ;ldlt sAhf ug]{ k|j[lQn] ljBfno

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lzIffsf] :t/ lau|Fbf] 5 . emf]n] ljBfno / ef8fsf] lzIfssf] ljifo ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5 . ;fd'bflos ljBfno / lghL If]qdf ;~rflnt ljBfnosf aLrsf] cWoog÷cWofkgsf] :t/df ePsf] leGgtfn] ubf{ cfkm\gf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ dxFuf lghL ljBfnodf k9fpg'k5{ eGg] dfGotfsf sf/0f e|i6frf/nfO{ dnhn k'u]sf] 5 . b]zaf6 pTkflbt hgzlStnfO{ b]zn] cfslif{t ug{ g;Sg] kl/l:yltn] ubf{ x/ If]qdf u'0f:t/Lo hgzlStsf] cefj 5 . lrlsT;f lzIffdf b]lvPsf ;d:ofx? oyfjt} 5g\ . To;}n] lzIff / :jf:Yosf If]q ;DalGwt e|i6frf/nfO{ lgoGq0f u/L d'n'snfO{ ;'zf;gtkm{ cu|;/ u/fpgsf nflu ;/sf/ tTsfn cu|;/ x'g cfjZos 5 . v= e"sDk / :yfgLo gful/s @)&@ ;fnsf] e"sDksf sf/0f tx;gx; ePsf lhNnfdf /x]a;]sf hgtfsf] kL8f cj0f{gLo 5 . ;b/d'sfddf lhNnf :t/Lo sfof{no 5g\, sd{rf/Lx? 5g\, k|fjlws?kdf ;a} s'/f ePsf] b]lvP tfklg ltgsf aLr Go"gtd ;dGjo;d]t sfod x'g] kl/l:ylt gePsf sf/0f ;]jfu|fxLsf ;fy} e"sDkkLl8tx? emg\ kLl8t ePsf 5g\ . ;]jfu|fxL;Fu dL7f] zAbdf af]lnlbg] æ/fi6«;j] sÆsf] clws cefj 5 . :yfgLo txdf lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglw gePsf sf/0f hgtfn] cfkm\gf] u'gf;f] ug]{ 7fpFsf] cefj ePsf] klg bzsf}+ eO;s]sf] 5 . o:tf] kl/l:yltdf l;wf–;fwf, lgd'vf hgtfn] lg/fz x'g] afx]s s'g} ljsNk afFsL b]lvFbg} . To;sf/0f e"sDk kLl8t;DaGwL sfo{nfO{ k|dv ' sfo{;r" Ldf ;dfj]z ug{' h?/L 5 . u= ;fj{hlgs hUuf d'ns ' sf cToGt dxTjk"0f{ :yfgdf /x]sf ;fj{hlgs hUufx? ;d]t cglws[t JolSt jf ;+:yfx?n] cfkm\gf gfddf btf{ ug]÷{ u/fpg] u/]sf sf/0f ;fj{hlgs hUufx? qmlds ?kdf 36\b} uPsf] tYo phfu/ ePsf] 5 . ;x/L If]qdf a9\bf] hUuf cltqmd0fsf sf/0f v'nf If]q (Open Space) b'ne{ x'bF } uPsf 5g\ . ljutdf ePsf gfkL gS;f;Fu clxn]sf] cj:yfnfO{ le8fO x]/d] f of] Jofks?kdf b]Vg ;lsG5 . e"dflkmof / ;DalGwt sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ldnf]dtf]af6 of] clgoldttf ;Dej ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . To;}n] o;lbzftkm{ 5fglag ug{ tTsfn sbd rfNg'kg]{ s'/fnfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy x]l/g'k5{ . 3= g}ltstf cfdgful/s clxn] kb / k};fsf nflu h]÷h:tf] u/]

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31/100

27/100

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2015

2014

2013

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nf]8;]l8ª;DaGwL tYo ;fj{hlgs xf];\ g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fn] ljut s]xL ;dob]lv d'n'ssf] clwsf+z efudf nf]8;]l8ª x'g glbPsf] ;sf/fTds kxnk|lt 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] Wofg cfs[i6 ePsf] 5 . s'g} klg xfntdf /f]Sg g;lsg] eg]/ k|rf/ ul/Psf] / cfd–gful/sn] nfdf] ;dob]lv ef]Ub}cfPsf] nf]8;]l8ª cGTo ug{ pmhf{ dGqfno / g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f Joj:yfkg ;kmn ePsf] 5 . of] k|of; jf:tjdf ;/fxgLo 5 .

/fhgLlts / Joj:yfksLo kIfn] rfxFbf nf]8;]l8ªsf] cGTo klg ug{ ;lsFbf]/x]5 eGg] jf:tljstf cfd– gful/s;fd' ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5 . ljutdf b}lgs !* 3G6f;Dd nf]8;]l8ª Joxf]g{'k/]sf] / xfn kxn ug]{ljlQs} cGTo x'g ;Sg'df s] sf/0f /x]5 ;f] tYo;d]t ;fj{hlgs ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/;dIf 6LcfO{ g]kfn hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5 .9 klßgL k|wfgfË dxf;lrj @)&# k'; !!

SofDk;:t/Lo jSt[Tj snf k|ltof]lutf 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnn] SofDk;:t/Lo jSt[Tj snf sfo{qmd @)&# k'; @ ut] ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . …/f]n ckm o'y Og sDAofl6ª s/K;gÚ ljifos pSt sfo{qmd @)&# k'; @ ut] sf7df8f}+df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] . SofDk;:t/sf ljBfyL{x?sf] r]tgf j[l4 ug]{ / pgLx?nfO{ e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cleofgdf ;xefuL u/fpg] p2]Zon] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . pSt sfo{qmd 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf k"j{ dxf;lrj d's'Gbaxfb'/ k|wfgn] ;+of]hgf ug{'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf cWoIf >Lxl/ cof{nn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] . To:t}, sfo{qmddf dxf;lrj klßgL k|wfgfË, k"j{ pkfWoIf cflbTodfg >]i7n] ;Daf]wg ug{'ePsf] lyof] . 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf pkfWoIf, 8f= /fd bofn /fs]z, k"j{ pkfWoIf uLtf s]z/L / sfo{qmd ;+of]hs df]xg a'9fyf]sL ;lDdlnt lg0ff{os

;ldltåf/f jSt[Tjsnf sfo{qmddf klxnf], bf];|f] / t];|f] x'g] ljBfyL{ 5gf}6 ul/Psf] lyof] . k|ltof]lutfdf pkTosfsf ljleGg !@ sn]hx?af6 @@ hgf ljBfyL{x?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;xefuL ljBfyL{dWo] ;fpy j]:6g{ sn]hsf j]bk|;fb l3ld/] klxnf], sflGtk'/ OG6/g]zgn sn]hsf afnrGb| g]kfn bf];|f] / afUdtL sn]hsL ;'lDgdf e08f/L t];|f] ePsf lyP . sfo{qmdsf] cGTodf 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf cWoIf >Lxl/ cof{nn] ljh]tfx?nfO{ k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ug{'ePsf] lyof] .9 klßgL k|wfgfË dxf;lrj @)&# k'; #

hxf“ v:ofs–v';'s rN5, Toxf“ e|i6frf/ df}nfp“5 .

32 kf/bzL{ . @)&$ j}zfv

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

ultljlw

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] sfo{;ldltn] u/]sf s]xL lg0f{o ;+:yf cem} ;lqmo x'g] 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] sfo{;ldltn] Joj:yfkg pk;ldltsf] k|:tfjadf]lhd ljleGg $ j6f pk;ldlt agfO{ ;+:yfnfO{ cem lqmofzLn agfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . ;f] lg0f{o ;+:yfsf ;b:ox¿aLr ;do÷;dodf x'g] u/]sf 5nkmndf ;+:yfsf] k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg s]xL dxTjk"0f{ ljifo 5gf}6 u/L ;lqmotfk"j{s sfd ug{ ;'emfj k|fKt ePsf] ;Gbe{df ul/Psf] xf] . pk;ldlt u7g ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;+:yfsf ;b:ox¿;Fu kqfrf/ u/L pk;ldltdf /xg OR5f JoQm ug]{ ;b:onfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg / ;Da4 pk;ldltaf6 k|fKt x'g] cjwf/0ff sfo{;ldltdf k|:t't ug]{ lg0f{o Joj:yfkg pk;ldltn] u/]sf] 5 . ;f] lg0f{ocg';f/ lgDg JolStx¿ lgDg pk;ldltdf /xg]5g\ . ;fy}, ;f] pk;ldltsf] sfof{b]z b]xfoadf]lhd /xg] ePsf] 5 . s= lzIff tyf :jf:YoIf]q ;'wf/ pk;ldlt != pkfWoIf 8f= /fdbofn /fs]z – ;+of]hs @= 8f= s]bf/eQm dfy]df – ;b:o #= 8f= lrGtfdl0f of]uL – ;b:o $= >L dbgs[i0f zdf{ – ;b:o pk;ldltsf] sfof{b]zM ;'zf;g k|j4{g ug{ e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{' ckl/xfo{ ePsf] oyfy{nfO{ b[li6ut u/L lzIff tyf :jf:Yo ;Da4 ljifox¿dWo] pk;ldlt cfk}mFn] 7x/ u/]sf] sDtLdf Ps dxTjk"0f{ ljifodf s]lGb|t /x]/ cjwf/0ff tof/ ug]{ . v= o'jf tyf dlxnf kl/rfng pk;ldlt != sfo{;ldlt ;b:o >L cflbTodfg >]i7 – ;+of]hs @= sfo{;ldlt ;b:o >L ;ljtf a/fn – ;b:o #= >L uLtf s]z/L – ;b:o $= >L d's'Gbaxfb'/ k|wfg – ;b:o %= 8f= ljZjs]z/ df:s] – ;b:o ^= 8f= ;fu/ zdf{ – ;b:o &= >L a'l4gf/fo0f >]i7 – ;b:o pk;ldltsf] sfof{b]zM ;'zf;g k|j4{g ug{ e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{' ckl/xfo{ ePsf] oyfy{nfO{ b[li6ut u/L o'jf tyf dlxnfnfO{ kl/rfng ug]{ ;Da4

ljifox¿dWo] pk;ldlt cfk}mFn] 7x/ u/]sf] sDtLdf Ps dxTjk"0f{ ljifodf s]lGb|t /x]/ cjwf/0ff tof/ ug]{ . u= /fhgLlts tyf lgjf{rg ;'wf/ pk;ldlt != @= #= $= %= ^= &=

sf]iffWoIf >L /fds[i0f dfgGw/ – ;+of]hs >L v]d/fh /]UdL – ;b:o 8f= z'/]z/fh zdf{ – ;b:o >L d's'Gb zdf{ kf}8]n – ;b:o >L j+lzw/ l3ld/] – ;b:o >L s]zjk|;fb cfrfo{ – ;b:o >L ls/0f yfkf – ;b:o

pk;ldltsf] sfof{b]zM ;'zf;g k|j4{g ug{ e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{' ckl/xfo{ ePsf] oyfy{nfO{ b[li6ut u/L /fhgLlts bnsf] nf]stflGqs/0f Pj+ lgjf{rg;Fu ;DalGwt ljifox¿dWo] pk;ldlt cfk}mFn] 7x/ u/]sf] sDtLdf Ps dxTjk"0f{ ljifodf s]lGb|t /x]/ cjwf/0ff tof/ ug]{ . 3= ;++j}wflgs, gLltut tyf sfg"gL ;'wf/ pk;ldlt != dxf;lrj >L klßgL k|wfgfË– ;+of]hs @= sfo{;ldlt ;b:o >L nLnfk|;fb ;fksf]6f– ;b:o #= sfo{;ldlt ;b:o >L ;f]d/fh l;Ub]n – ;b:o $= >L ;j{1/Tg t'nfw/ – ;b:o %= >L s[i0fk|;fb e08f/L – ;b:o ^= >L ho/fd l;+ af]x/f – ;b:o &= >L kjgs'df/ cf]emf – ;b:o pk;ldltsf] sfof{b]zM ;'zf;g k|j4{g ug{ e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{' ckl/xfo{ ePsf] oyfy{nfO{ b[li6ut u/L ;+ljwfg tyf cGo sfg"g;Da4 ljifox¿dWo] pk;ldlt cfk}mFn] 7x/ u/]sf] sDtLdf Ps dxTjk"0f{ ljifodf s]lGb|t /x]/ cjwf/0ff tof/ ug]{ .

b|i6JoM != pk;ldltaf6 k|fKt cjwf/0ff j}zfvdf x'g] sfo{;ldlt a}7ssf] sfo{;"rLdf ;dfj]z ul/g]5 . 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

j}zfv @)&$ . kf/bzL{

ultljlw @= pk;ldltn] cfjZostfg';f/ Pskl5 csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ ljifox¿sf] rog ug{ / qmdzM 5nkmn ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . #= pk;ldltdf ;+:yfsf s'g} klg ;b:onfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ yk ug{ ;lsg]5 . $= pk;ldltn] cfjZos ePcg';f/ ;DalGwt ljifosf s'g} klg :jo+;]jL lj1nfO{ cfdlGqt ;b:o÷;Nnfxsf/sf ¿kdf a}7sdf cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 . %= ;+:yfsf cWoIf pk;ldltsf a}7sx¿df pkl:yt x'g ;Sg]5g\ . ^= pk;ldltsf] a}7s ;+:yfsf] sfof{nodf g} cfof]hgf ul/g]5 . &= pk;ldltsf] a}7s ;~rfngsf nflu cfjZos ;xof]u tyf ;fdfu|L sfof{noaf6} pknAw u/fOg]5 . * pk;ldltsf] sfo{;~rfng Go"gtd vr{df ul/g]5 .9

cfrf/;+lxtf kl/dfh{g ug]{ 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] k"j{cWoIf s'nz]v/ zdf{sf] sfo{sfndf g]kfn ;/sf/;dIf k|:t't ul/Psf] ;'zf;gsf l;4fGt, dGqLkl/ifb\ tyf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cfrf/;+lxtf;DaGwL ;'emfjnfO{ cfjZos kl/dfh{g u/L cWofjlws ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .

sfo{;ldlt ;b:odf cflbTodfg >]i7 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] @! cf}+ ;fwf/0f;efaf6 lgjf{lrt ;b:o >L eLdaxfb'/ >]i7n] @)&# df3 ( ut] sfo{;ldlt ;b:o kbaf6 lbg'ePsf] /fhLgfdf sfo{;ldltn] -ljwfgsf] wf/f @$ adf]lhd_ :jLs[t ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . ;fy}, 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] sfo{;ldltdf l/St sfo{;ldlt ;b:odf -ljwfgsf] wf/f @$ adf]lhd_ k"j{ pkfWoIf, jl/i7 kqsf/, n]vs >L cflbTodfg >]i7nfO{ csf]{ lgjf{rg geP;Ddsf nflu ;xj/0f ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .

6LcfO{ g]kfnsf cWoIf ;+:yfsf] k|jStf -pk;ldltsf ;+of]hsn] a}7s cfof]hgf;DaGwL sfdsf] ;dGjo ug]{5g\ / cfjZos ;xof]u sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs;Fu lng ;Sg]5g\ ._

6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] sfo{;ldltn] ;+:yfsf] k|jStfdf ;+:yfsf cWoIf >Lxl/ cof{n / ;xfos k|jStfdf dxf;lrj >L klßgL k|wfgfËnfO{ tf]s]sf] 5 .9

xfd|f] cfx\jfg tkfO{+n] st} e|i6frf/, cgfjZos x}/fgL jf l9nf;':tLsf] ;fdgf ug{'k/]sf] 5 < 5 eg] xfd|f] lgMz'Ns gDa/ !^^)–)!–@@@!! df ;Dks{ ug{'xf];\. xfdL tkfO{+nfO{ dbt ug{ tof/ 5f}+ .

z'Ns gnfUg] gDa/ !^^)–)!–@@@!! -u'gf;f] ;'Gg Joj:yf ul/Psf] ljz]if ;+oGq_

34 kf/bzL{ . @)&$ j}zfv

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

ultljlw

6LcfO{ g]kfn ultljlw 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] b'O{ ljifodf ;j]{If0f ug]{ 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnn] b'O{ ljifodf cg';Gwfg ug{ lj1x? 5gf}6 u/]sf] 5 . klxnf] ;j]{If0fn] dfnkf]t sfof{non] k|jfx ug]{ ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfxsf af/]df s]lGb|t /xg]5 . o; ;j]{If0fsf nflu d'Vo cg';Gwfgstf{sf ?kdf 8f= k|sfzrGb| e§/fO{ /xg'x'g] ePsf] 5 . bf];|f] ;j]{If0fn] e|i6frf/lj?4sf] dxf;lGw sfof{Gjog cj:yf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ ePsf] 5 . of] ;j]{If0fsf nflu d'Vo cg';Gwfgstf{sf ?kdf dx]Gb|/fh ;fksf]6f /xg'x'g] ePsf] 5 . ;jf/L ;fwg vl/b 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnn] e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / k'g:yf{kgf ;DaGwdf lhNnf eO/x]sf sfo{x? cjnf]sg ug{ ;jf/L ;fwg -dlxGb|fsf] :sf]lk{of]_ vl/b u/]sf] 5 . SnfOd]6 kmfOgfG; ueg]{G; 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnn] SnfOd]6 kmfOgfG; ueg]{G; ;DaGwdf sfd ug]{ ePsf] 5 . o;sf nflu 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn;Fu ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] 5 . k|:t't sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;xdlt lng] qmddf /x]sf] 5 . sfo{qmd dfr{ @)!& af6 ;'? eO{ d] @)!* df ;Sg] nIo /x]sf] 5 . e"sDkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f;DaGwL ;dLIff a}7s 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnn] e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / k'g:yf{kgfdf ;bfrf/ ;DaGwL ;dLIff a}7s ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . @)&# r}t $ / % ut] sf7df8f}+df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ;f] a}7sdf !$ lhNnfdf sfo{/t lhNnf clws[tx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;xefuLx?n] e"sDkaf6 clt k|efljt lhNnfx?df e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / k'g:yf{kgfsf If]qdf ;+:yfn] u/]sf sfo{, cGo ;+:yfsf k|of; / cfufdL of]hgfsf af/]df 5nkmn u/]sf lyP . tLg ;qdf ljeflht sfo{qmdsf] klxnf] ;qdf lhNnf clws[tx?n] lhNnfsf] k|ult ljj/0f ;'gfPsf lyP . To:t} bf];|f] ;qdf /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f, s]Gb|Lo cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO / x]nf] ;/sf/sf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ lhNnf:t/df eO/x]sf k'glg{df{0f

sfo{af/] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] . To;}u/L t];|f] ;qdf e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / k'g:yf{kgfdf ;bfrf/ sfo{qmdsf] jflif{s of]hgfdf s]lGb|t /xL 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmd 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf cWoIf >Lxl/ cof{nsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . bfr'{nfM ;fj{hlgs ;]jf;DaGwL 5nkmn 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnn] bfr{'nfdf ;fj{hlgs ;]jf ljifos 5nkmn ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmd @)&# r}t !$ ut] dxfsfnL gu/kflnsf sfof{nosf] ;efsIfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . 6LcfO{ g]kfn cfa4 ;+:yf ;dfh sNof0f ;dfh bfr{'nfn] ;+of]hg u/]sf] ;f] sfo{qmd g]kfndf /fli6«o ;bfrf/ k|j4{g sfo{qmd cGtu{tsf] lqmofsnfk xf] . ;dfh sNof0f ;dfh bfr{'nfsf sf]iffWoIfsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf cWoIf >Lxl/ cof{n, dxf;lrj klßgL k|wfgfËsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmd clws[t /jLGb| 7u'Ggfn] ;~rfng ug'{ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf :yfgLo gful/s, ;~rf/sdL{x?;lxt #) hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . df]afOn Pnfs 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnn] bfr{'nfdf df]afOn Pnfs ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . dxfsfnL gu/kflnsf kl/;/df cfof]lht ;f] sfo{qmd @)&# r}t !$ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . To;qmddf #( j6f u'gf;f] k|fKt ePsf] lyof] . gu/kflnsfsf] sfd sf/afxL kf/bzL{ gePsf], gu/If]qdf lgdf{0ffwLg ;8s / 9n ;dodf agfpg g;s]sf], gful/sn] dfu]sf] ;"rgf pknAw gu/fPsf], l6°/ ;8s lgdf{0fsf] cfoJoo gful/ s;fd' gNofPsf], s]Gb|b]lv ufpF;Dd ;lqmo /fLltdf ;+nUg bnsf g]tfx?sf] lgoldt ;DklQ ;fj{hlgs gePsf], e|i6 sd{rf/LnfO{ clVtof/df k7fpg gx'g]nufotsf u'gf;f] :yfgLo gful/sn] u/]sf lyP . k|fKt u'gf;f] dxfsfnL gu/kflnsfsf lgldQ sfof{no k|d'v uf]bfa/L 7u'Ggf ;dIf Wofgfsif{0fsf nflu k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . s}nfnLM ;bfrf/ k|ltj4tf k'g/fjnf]sg sfo{qmd 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnn] s}nfnLsf] wgu9Ldf ;bfrf/ k|ltj4tf k'g/fjnf]sg sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . @)&# r}t !% ut] cfof]lht pSt sfo{qmd 6LcfO{ cfa4 ;+:yf ;bfrf/sf 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

j}zfv @)&$ . kf/bzL{

ultljlw nflu ;fdflhs kxnsf] ;efsIfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf k|dv ' cltlysf ?kdf k|dv ' lhNnf clwsf/L uf]ljGbk|;fb l/hfn /xg'ePsf] lyof] . To:t} ;z:q k|x/Lsf P;kL u0f]zaxfb'/ ;+uf| n } fsf] ;d]t pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf cWoIf >Lxl/ cof{n / dxf;lrj klßgL k|wfgfË pkl:yt x'gx' G' Yof] . o;afx]s :yfgLo gful/s / ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] klg pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . l;4fy{gu/M ;bfrf/ k|ltj4tf k'g/fjnf]sg sfo{qmd 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnn] ?kGb]xLsf] l;4fy{gu/df ;bfrf/ k|ltj4tf k'g/fjnf]sg sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . @)&# r}t !^ ut] cfof]lht pSt sfo{qmd 6LcfO{ cfa4 ;+:yf kf/bzL{ g]kfnn] ;+of]hg u/]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;bfrf/ k|ltj4tfdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ sfof{nosf k|ltlglwx? qmdzM lhNnf dfnkf]t sfof{no ?kGb]xLsf k|d'v dfnkf]t clws[t >L lzjk|;fb /]UdL, lhNnf gfkL sfof{no ?kGb]xLsf k|d'v ljGb]Zj/ ofbj, l;4fy{gu/ gu/kflnsf sfof{nosf clws[t ljj]s vgfnsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . To;}u/L 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf cWoIf >Lxl/ cof{n, dxf;lrj klßgL k|wfgfË cltlysf ?kdf pkl:yt x'g'x'GYof] . a'6jnM sn]h:t/Lo ;'zf;g k|j4{g sfo{qmd 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnn] ?kGb]xLsf] a'6jndf sn]h:t/Lo ;'zf;g k|j4{g sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . @)&# r}t !& ut] cfof]lht sfo{qmd kf/bzL{ ;/f]sf/ ;d"xsf] ;+of]hgdf ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . ;d"xsf cWoIf dx]Gb| >]i7sf cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf cWoIf >Lxl/ cof{n, dxf;lrj klßgL k|wfgfËsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf !@ j6f sn]hsf () hgf ljBfyL{sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sf:sLM Pnfs cfp6l/r kl/rofTds sfo{qmd 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnn] sf:sLsf] kf]v/fdf ;bfrf/ k|ltj4tf k'g/fjnf]sg sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . @)&# r}t !* ut] cfof]lht pSt sfo{qmd 6LcfO{ cfa4 ;+:yf ;'zf;gsf nflu gful/s ;dfh -;'gf;_ n] ;+of]hg u/]sf] lyof . sfo{qmddf ;'gf;sf kbflwsf/L, ;b:ox?, ;bfrf/ ;Demf}tf ePsf ;/sf/L sfof{nosf k|ltlglwx? / ;~rf/sdL{sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf cWoIf >Lxl/ cof{n / dxf;lrj

36 kf/bzL{ . @)&$ j}zfv

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

klßgL k|wfgfË, k"j{ pkfWoIf cfgGb/fh d'NdLsf] klg pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . afun'ªM ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmd hjfkmb]lxtfsf nflu c;n l5d]sL afun'ªn] ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . @)&# r}t !( ut] cfof]lht ;'g'jfO{ afun'ª ahf/sf] nf]stflGqs rf]sdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L elu/y kf08] k|d'v cltlysf ?kdf pkl:yt x'g'x'GYof] . gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sf/L clws[t ;'jf;rGb| nfld5fg] / gful/s ;dfhsf cu'jf sfhL ufpFn] k|d'v jStfsf ?kdf /xg'ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L lji0f'eSt ;lGht nufot cGo ;/sf/L sfof{nosf k|ltlglwx? klg pkl:yt ePsf lyP . ;f] cj;/df 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf cWoIf >Lxl/ cof{n / dxf;lrj klßgL k|wfgfË cltlysf ?kdf pkl:yt x'g'x'GYof] . jSt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutf 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnn] k'/fgf] afg]Zj/l:yt ;fod sn]hdf ;bfrf/ k|j4{gdf ljBfyL{x¿sf] e"ldsf ljifos jSt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutf ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . @)&# r}q @% ut] ;DkGg ;f] sfo{qmddf sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf !! j6f sn]hsf ljBfyL{x¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . k|ltof]lutfdf ;xefuL ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ sfo{qmd x'ge' Gbf @ lbgcl3 cled'vLs/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . jSt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutfdf 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf ;b:o v]d/fh /]UdL, jl/i7 sfo{qmd clws[t /fhLj s'jF /, / ;d'Ggt ;dfhsf ;b:o /d]zrGb| clwsf/L;d]t # hgf;lDdlnt lg0f{os d08n u7g ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmdsf] ;+of]hg ;Dd'gt ;dfh ;]jfn] u/]sf] lyof] . !& hgf ljBfyL{ ;xeflu ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf ljBfyL{x¿n] cfkm\gf] 1fg, kfPsf] ;"rgf / cfkm'n] a'em]sf] s'/f k|:t't ug{'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] lg0f{o # hgf lg0f{os dG8nx¿af6 ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf Sof/]laog sn]hsf kf/; d0fL kË]gL k|yd, sflGtk'/ OG6/g];gn sn]hsL dL/f a:g]t lbtLo / sf7df8f}+ df]8]n sn]hsf cflbTo/fh ltjf/L t[tLo ePsf lyP . o;}u/L, 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnn] sflGtk'/ OG6/g]zgn sn]hdf @)&# d+l;/ @% ut] jSt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . pSt k|ltof]lutfdf 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf pkfWoIf 8f= /fdbofn /fs]z, k"j{pkfWoIf uLtf s]z/L / sfo{qmd ;+of]hs df]xg a'9fyf]sL lg0ff{os d08ndf /xg'ePsf] lyof] .9

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;~rf/sdL{ e]63f6 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn -6LcfO{_ g]kfnn] ;~rf/sdL{x?;Fu e]63f6 sfo{qmd ;DkGg u¥of] . pSt sfo{qmd @)&# d+l;/ !% ut] sf7df8f}+df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf pkl:yt ;~rf/sdL{x?nfO{ :jfut ub}{ dxf;lrj klßgL k|wfgfËn] e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cleofg ;kmn kfg{ ;~rf/sdL{x?;Fu ;'emfj ;+sng ug]{ Wo]o /fv]/ sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] atfpg'eof] . To;}u/L, ;+:yfsf cWoIf >Lxl/ cof{nn] 6LcfO{ g]kfnnfO{ gful/s;fd' k'¥ofpg] ;f]r af]s]/ cWoIf x'g] k|oTg u/]sf] atfpg'eof] . cWoIf cof{nn] e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cleofgdf xfdLn] ;+of]hgsf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ xf] . o; ;Gbe{df ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] e"ldsf dxÎjk"0f{ 5 . 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] cleofg ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] klg xf] . oxfF ;+:yfsf] e"ldsf s;/L k|efjsf/L agfpg ;lsPnf To;sf] vf]hL ug]{ k|oTg ul/g]5 . oBlk, 6LcfO{ g]kfn bjfa ;d"x / …jfr 8uÚ sf] e"ldsfdf lg/Gt/ /lx/xg] 5 .

;~rf/sdL{x?af6 ;'emfj eb| zdf{, l/klAnsf 8]nL e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cleofgdf nfUg] ;a}n] w]/} r'gf}tL Joxf]g'{k5{ . of] r'gf}tLk"0f{ If]q xf] . n]Vg rfx]sf ;a} s'/f k|sfzg k|;f/0f eO/x]sf x'Fb}gg\ . e|i6 JolStx? lbgk|ltlbg alnof x'Fb} uPsf] b]lvG5 . 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 x'g]vfnsf lqmofsnfk ug{ ;s] e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cleofgdf 7"nf] ;xof]u k'U5 . d'n'sdf ;'zf;gn] lnsaflx/ uPsf] b]lvG5 . htftt} clgoldttf a9]ssf] 5 . /fhgLlts cGof}nn] lg/Gt/tf kfO/x]sf] 5 / cem} s]xL ;do o:t} eO/xg] cg'dfg 5 . g/fd|f] sfd ug]{ dflg;n] ;a} If]qdf ldlr;s]sf 5g\ . of] ;+:yfdf ljleGg If]qdf sfd ul/;s]sf dflg;x? x'g'x'G5 pxfFx?;Fu ;/sf/L tyf u}/– ;/sf/L If]qsf y'k|} ;"rgf x'G5g\, t/ cfbfg÷k|bfg eO/x]sf 5}gg\ . ;]o/ ug]{ u/f}+ .

od lj/xL, cGgk"0f{ kf]i6 ;]gf, k|x/L, k|zf;g, u'0f:t/nufotsf ;a} If]qdf e|i6frf/ 5 . ;d:of ljs/fn 5 . ;~rf/sdL{sf] cj:yf bogLo 5 . sltko cj:yfdf hflu/ / Hofg s] /f]Hg] < eGg] kl/l:ylt cfPsf] x'G5 . Gofofnoaf6 ;"rgf lng kqsf/n] g} 3'; v'jfpg'kg]{ cj:yf 5 . 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] cg'udgsf] sfd cl3 a9fP /fd|f] x'g]lyof] / h'l8l;o/Laf6} ;'wf/sf] k|of; yfnf}+ eGg] cfu|x klg 5 . 6LcfO{h:tf ;+:yfx?n] ;~rf/sdL{x?nfO{ n]vgj[lQ / pgLx?sf] Ifdtf a9fpg ;xof]u k'Ug] tflndx? ug{ 5f8\g'x'Fb}g . klxn] c? s]xL ;+:yfn] klg ub}{cfPsf lyP, t/ clxn] /f]lsPsf] 5 . gLltut e|i6frf/ olt a9]sf] 5 ls x/]s lg0f{o Soflag]6df uP/ dfq x'g yfn]sf] 5 . hals w]/} h;f] lg0f{o dGqL:t/Lo lg0f{oaf6} x'g] lyP . e|i6frf/af6 pGd'lSt kfpg] pkfosf] vf]hL ubf{ o;f] ePsf] xf] . s[i0f 1jfnL, sflGtk'/ b}lgs 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] cl3Nnf] jif{ clVtof/;Fu ldn]/ e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cGt/f{li6«o lbj; dgfPsf] lyof] . o:tf] ;xsfo{ ubf{ s]xL ;do klv{P/, sfo{z}nL x]/]/dfq ;xsfo{ ug{' pko'St x'G5 eGg] nfU5 . e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf nflu :yfkgf ul/Psf] ;+j}wflgs lgsfod} e|i6frf/sf] s'/f pl7/x]sf] 5, To:tf] ;+:yfn] d'n'sleq htftt} ePsf] e|i6frf/ s;/L lgoGq0f unf{ < ;'zf;g la6df sfd ug]{ ;~rf/sdL{x? cfk}mF klg s] ug]{ < eGg] k|Zgdf 3]l/Psf 5g\ . of] la6sf ;~rf/sdL{x? ;~rf/u[xn] klg ck]lIft ;xof]u ug{ g;s]sf] cg'e"lt ug{ afWo 5g\ . ;~rf/sdL{x?nfO{ lbOg] n]vgj[lQ -km]nf]l;k_ PG6Ls/K;g la6df l/kf]l6{ª ug]{ kqsf/x?nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ /fd|f] tl/sf xf] eGg] nfU5 . dft[sf bfxfn, sf/f]af/ b}lgs xfdLsxfF JolStut kx'Frsf cfwf/df dfq ;"rgf lbg] k|rng 5 . ueg]{G; l/kf]l6{ª kmf]/d agfP/ ;+ul7t x'Fbf Tof] cfk}mF s/K6 x'g] ;Defjgf 5 . ;'zf;g / 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

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ultljlw PG6Ls/K;gsf af/]df l/kf]l6{ª ug]{ kqsf/ ;a}lt/ PlSnFb} hfg'kg]{ l:ylt 5 . 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] ;]gf, k|x/Lleqsf] e|i6frf/sf af/]df :ofDkn l/;r{ ug{ ;s] /fd|f] x'g]lyof] . oxfF ;~rf/sdL{sf] ;xh kx'Fr gePsfn] o:tf ;+:yfx?n] ;fj{hlgs ug]{ k|ltj]bg xfd|fnfO{ pkof]uL x'g ;S5g\ . xfdLsxfF ;'zf;gsf] ;]G; d/]sf] 5 . clxn] s'g} klg g]kfnL gful/sn] e|i6frf/ gu/L ;fj{hlgs ;]jf lng ;Sg] l:ylt 5}g . ;'8fg s]; cbfntdf /f]lsg'df :jfy{ aflemPsf] 5 . ;+:yfut ePsf] e|i6frf/nfO{ cbfntn] lx6 ug]{ xf] . ;~rf/sdL{ / 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] p2]Zo Pp6} xf] b'j}n] ;xsfo{ ug{' cfjZos 5 . gLltut lg0f{o u/fpg klxn] g} ;]l6ª eP/ Soflag]6df hfg yfn]sf] 5 . hlt;'s} n]v] klg s] ug'{ e|i6frf/ g/f]lsg] /x]5 eGg] pbfx/0f n8fs';DaGwL ;dfrf/ ePsf] 5 . lszf]/ kf}8]n, sflGtk'/ 6]lnlehg s]xL jif{cl3;Dd nfvdf e|i6frf/ x'g] u/]sf] lyof] . clxn] s/f]8sf dfq ;dfrf/ aGg yfn]sf 5g\ . nfvsf] t e|i6frf/ g} xf]Og ls eGg] kf] eof] clxn] . 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] l/;r{ u/]/ ;"rgf k|jfx u/f];\ . ;~rf/sdL{ 6LcfO{ g]kfnnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ tof/ 5g\, t/ ;"rgf vf]O{ < k|sfz l;njfn, /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldlt 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] ;~rf/sdL{nfO{ af]nfP/ s]xL gofF ug{ vf]h]sf] xf] ls eGg] cfefif ePsf] 5 . ;+:yfsf]

k|f]PlS6e /f]n gb]lvPs} xf] . of] ;+:yfsf] cGt/f{li6«o Od]h 5 . ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] cfrf/;+lxtf klg rflxG5 ls < efiff zdf{M gful/s b}lgs e|i6frf/ sxfF 5}g < ;fj{hlgs ;]jf lng 3'; clgjfo{ ePsf] 5 . gLltut e|i6frf/;DaGwL ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg] s'/fdf 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] Wofg lbg' h?/L 5 . 8f= /fs]z, pkfWoIf ;+;f/el/sf ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] sfd r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5 . clxn] cg';Gwfgd"ns kqsfl/tf x/fpFb} uPsf] xf] ls eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . :g]x ;fo\ld, sf]iffWoIf 6LcfO{ g]kfn] s]–s]df P8\ef]s];L ug]{ eg]/ ;~rf/sdL{x?nfO{ af]nfPsf] xf] . >Lxl/ cof{n, cWoIf 6LcfO{ g]kfn ;~rf/sdLx?nufot cGo If]qx?;Fu klg ;xsfo{ ub}{ cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . o;df ;~rf/sdL{sf] e"ldsf dxÎjk"0f{ 5 . cfh xfdLn] ;'emfj lngs} nflu ;~rf/sdL{x?nfO{ af]nfPsf lyof} + . cfh w]/} ;'emfjx? k|fKt ePsf 5g\ . ;~rf/sdL{n] ;'emfPsf a'Fbfx?sf af/]df xfdL cfGtl/s 5nkmn ug]{ 5f}F .9

;bfrf/ k|j4{g /fli6«o ;Dd]ng / cWoog k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnn] sf7df8f}+df /fli6«o ;bfrf/ ;Dd]ng ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . g]kfndf /fli6«o ;bfrf/ k|j4{g kl/of]hgfcGtu{t cfof]lht ;f] sfo{qmd @)&# k'; !! / !@ ut] hdnl:yt xf]6n Pnf] Kofuf]8fdf ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . pSt sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v cltly g]kfn ;/sf/sf d'Vo ;lrj 8f= ;f]dnfn ;'a]bL x'g'x'GYof] . To:t}, cWoogstf{x? g]kfn Osf]gf]lds kmf]/dsf t]h:jL >]i7 / k|sfzrGb| e§/fO{ pkl:yt x'g'x'GYof] . o;}u/L, 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf cWoIf >Lxl/ cof{nsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ;f]

38 kf/bzL{ . @)&$ j}zfv

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sfo{qmddf ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/Lx? pkfWoIf 8f= /fdbofn /fs]z, dxf;lrj klßgL k|wfgfË, sf]iffWoIf /fds[i0f dfgGw/ klg pkl:yt x'g'x'GYof] . ;fy}, cfa4 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglw, 6LcfO{ g]kfn ;lrjfnosf k|ltlglwx? klg ;xefuL x'g'ePsf] lyof] . d'Vo cltly Pj+ g]kfn ;/sf/sf d'Vo ;lrj 8f= ;f]dnfn ;'j]bLn] bLk k|HHjng u/L sfo{qmd pb\3f6g ug{'ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L, 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf dxf;lrj klßgL k|wfgfËn] sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx?nfO{ :jfut ug{'ePsf] lyof] . o;kl5

ultljlw ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfx ;j]{If0f @)&# / …c :68L ckm g]kfn\; xfO8«f] kfj/ ;]S6/Ú b'O{ cWoog k|ltj]bg ljdf]rg ul/Psf] lyof] .

cWoog k|ltj]bgaf/] cWoogstf{x?sf tkm{af6 hfgsf/L

?kdf ePsf Joj:yf klg sfof{Gjog ug{ g;ls/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . o:tf cWoog k|ltj]bgx? hxfF :ofDkn lnPsf 5f}+, ToxfF klg o:t} sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/]/ hfgsf/L u/fcf}+ . /fhgLlts cl:y/tfn] k|zf;lgs cl:y/tf a9fO/x]sf] 5 . 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] ;bfrf/ k|j4{gsf af/]df ljleGg vfnsf cWoog u/L 3r\3RofO/x]sf] 5 .

t]h:jL >]7, g]kfn Osf]gf]lds kmf]/d cWoogsf qmddf xfdLn] ;]s]G8/L 8f6f ;f];{x? pkof]u u/]sf 5f}F . pmhf{ If]qsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu 5nkmn u/]sf 5f} + . xfO8«f]kfjf/ If]qsf] gLlt, P]g / lgodx? cWoog u/]sf 5f}+ . ljleGgvfnsf hf]lvdx? s]nfPsf 5f}+ . s]xL ;'emfj klg lbPsf 5f}+ . Ifdtf w]/} klg pTkfbg x'g g;Sg'sf] sf/0f cWoog k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v u/]sf 5f}+ . ;fj{hlgs ;]jf ;j]{If0f @)&#, k|sfzrGb| e§/fO{

cWoog k|ltj]bg;DaGwL v'nf 5nkmnsf ;xefuL cRo'taxfb'/ /fhe08f/L, k"j{;lrj ;bfrf/ ;'zf;gsf] Tof] efu xf], h;n] dfgjd"No;Fu ;DaGw /fVb5 . Pp6f wf/ clwsf/k|flKtsf nflu / csf]{ wf/ ljlwsf] zf;g ldr]/ ;]jf k|jfx cj?4 ug{ rfxg]sf] wf/ 5 .

;fj{hlgs ;]jf b'?:t gePsf] u'gf;f] ;'lgG5, a]nf df}sf cWoog klg x'g] u/sf 5g\ . ;j]{ ( j6f lhNnfdf ul/Psf] 5 . o;cl3 klg o:t}vfnsf] ;j]{If0f ul/Psf] lyof] . o;k6s t'ngfTds cWoog u/]sf 5f}+ . cWoogn] ;]jfu|fxLx? ph'/L ug{ Tolt pT;'s g/x]sf] b]lvof] . gful/s r]tgfsf] :t/ a9\b} uPsf] kfPsf 5f}+ . ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfx;DaGwdf ;~rf/ / gful/snfO{ ph'/L ug{ k|]l/t ug]{ ;+oGq ;zSt agfpg'kg]{ d'Vo ;'emfj xfd|f] /x]sf] 5 .

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cl3Nnf] jif{e}mF ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfxsf af/]df cWoog ul/Psf] /x]5 . t'ngfTds ljZn]if0f ug{ kfPsf] eP cem /fd|f] klg x'g] lyof] . ;du| ;'zf;gsf] cj:yf sdhf]/ 5 . ljBfno ;~rfng ubf{ s'g} dfkb08 agfOPsf] 5}g, o;n] c;/ kf/]sf] 5 . lzIfsx?n] /fhgLlts bnx?sf] ;b:tf lng gldNg] eGg] d'2fdf lng gldNg] eg]/ k7fPsf lyof}+ . s'g} klg cWoogdf :ofDkn ;fOh dxÎjk"0f{ x'G5 . :yfgLo:t/df nfdf] ;dob]lv lgjf{lrt k|ltlglw gePsf sf/0f afWotfjz sfd ul//x]sf] l:ylt 5 . j8f gful/s d~rh:tf ;+:yf agfPsf lyof}+ . ltgLx?nfO{ :yfgLo txdf ;lqmo agfpg ;lsPg . cWoog ubf{ ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf th{'df k4ltsf af/]df klg ljZn]if0f ug{ kfPsf] eP /fd|f] x'g] lyof] . ;]jf;DaGwL k|fjwfg / k|jfxaLr vf8n 5 . gLltut

b'j} cWoog /fd|f 5g\ . Osf]gf]lds kmf]/dsf] cWoogdf xfO8«f]kfj/df :6«f6]lhs Dofg]hd]G6dfq ul/Psf] xf] . lks cfj/df w]/} kfj/ k|of]u ug]{ pBf]ux?df ljB't\ glbPsf sf/0fn] nf]8;]l8ª 36]sf] xf] . ;f]nf/ OghL{n] klg ;3fPsf] 5 . ;]jf k|jfx / cg'udg ug]{ lgsfonfO{ Ps 7fpFdf /fv]/ x]g{ ldNb}g . ;]jfdf pQ/bfloTjsf s'/f hf]8\g'ePsf] 5 . :yfgLo:t/df r]tgf:t/ a9]sf] pNn]v ug{'ePsf] 5, o;df nf]sn kf6L{sf] e"ldsf slt 5 < tLy{/fh rf}nfufO{ cWoogsf] ljlwsf af/]df cln k|:6 kfl/lbg cfu|x 5 . ef]h/fh kf]v/]n cWoog k|ltj]bgsf] k[i7 & df e]/L÷e]/L Okm]lS6e xf]Og, e]/L OgOkm]lS6e x'g'kg]{ xf] ls < k|sfzrGb| e§/fO{ dfgjd"No;Fu hf]8]/ ;'zf;gsf s'/f ul/lbg'ePsf] 5 . w]/}hgfn] /fd|f ;'emfj lbg'ePsf] 5 . cfufdL lbgdf oL ;'emfjnfO{ cg'z/0f ul/g]5g\ . v'nf 5nkmnsf] cGTodf dxf;lrj klßgL k|wfgfËn] ;xefuL ;a}nfO{ wGojfb lbg'eof] . 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

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;fyL lzIff sfo{qmd, x]d/fh e§, af;, g]kfnu~h

;bfrf/ k|ltj4tf cg'udg, kLtfDa/ 9sfn, gful/s ;/f]sf/ ;+3, ;'v]{t

g]kfndf /fli6«o ;bfrf/ k|j4{g kl/of]hgf ljut b'O{ jif{cl3b]lv ;~rfng ePsf] xf] . ljBfyL{x?dWo] Pp6f ;fyLn] csf]{ ;fyLnfO{ ;bfrf/sf af/]df hfgsf/L lbg] u/]sf 5f}+ . of] sfo{qmd xfdLnfO{ klg gf}nf] nfu]sf] 5 . :yfgLo lgsfo lhNnf lzIff sfof{no;Fu ;dGjo u/]sf lyof}+ . s]xL lhNnfdf $ / s]xLdf % hgf ;bfrf/ ;fyL agfPsf 5f}+ . xfdLn] ;a}sf] lk|o ljBfyL{ vf]hL u/]sf lyof}+ . ljBfno Joj:yfkg;Fu a;]/ ;bfrf/ ;fyL agfof}+ . afFs] lhNnfdf ^ hgf ;bfrf/ ;fyL agfP/ sfo{qmd ;'? u/]sf lyof}+ . tL ;fyLx?n] cfkm\gf ;fyLx?nfO{ ;bfrf/sf af/]df hfgsf/L lbg] ug{'ePsf] 5 . xfdLn] ck]Iffu/]eGbf a9L ;sf/fTds k|efj k/]sf] kfPsf 5f}+ . lhNnfdf !^ ;o eGbf a9L ljBfyL{ ;fyLx?nfO{ ;bfrf/sf af/]df hfgsf/L k|jfx ug{'ePsf] 5 . ;fyLlzIff sfo{qmddfkm{t\ kl5Nnf] ;do ljBfnodf g}lts lzIff / cg'zf;gsf] s'/f x/fPsf] ;'lgG5, To;}n] oL s'/fx? klg hfgsf/L lbg yfn]sf 5f}+ . xfdLnfO{ clxn] ;bfrf/ ;fyL ;d"x u7g ug{'k5{ ls eGg] k|ltlqmof kfPsf 5f}+ . of] 5nkmns} qmddf 5 . h'g ljBfnodf of] sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf 5f}+, To; ljBfnosf lzIfsx?sf] Jojxf/df klg kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmd ;~rfng gePsf :s"ndf o:t} sfo{qmd ul/lbg cfu|x ul//x]sf 5g\ . b'uf{ yfkf, x'/G8]s, pbok'/, u'gf;f] ;+sng xfdLn] klxn] …Pnfs 8LkLÚdfkm{t\ u'gf;f] ;'Gg yfn]sf lyof}+ . :yfgLo:t/df e|i6frf/ lj?4 n8\g' eg]sf] w]/} ufx|f] s'/f xf] . Pp6f ;+:yfn] rfxFbf lhNnfdf t/Ë Nofpg ;lsG5 eGg] cg'e"lt xfdLnfO{ ePsf] 5 . of] u'gf;f] ;'Gg] sfo{qmddfkm{t\ !% lhNnfdf sl/a @)) eGbf a9L cleoGtf agfPsf] 5 . df]afOn Pnfsdfkm{t\ ;/sf/L sfof{no jf w]/} dflg; hDdf x'g] 7fpFdf u'gf;f] ;+sng u/]sf lyof}+ . ;]jfu|fxL / ;]jfk|bfosx?sf aLrdf cGt/lqmof u/fpFb}cfPsf 5f}+ . !% j6f lhNnfaf6 nueu !) xhf/ u'g;f] ;+sng u/]sf lyof} + . tLdWo] ^ xhf/ a9L u'gf;f] ;dfwfg ug{ ;kmn eof}+ . gful/s a8fkq 5fk]/ ljt/0f u/]sf lyof}+ . s]xL ;/sf/L sfof{nodf ;bfrf/ k|ltj4tf–kqdf x:tfIf/ u/fPsf lyof}+ . ;fj{hlgs ;'gjfO{ u/]sf 5f}+ . ;"rgfbftfsf]

40 kf/bzL{ . @)&$ j}zfv

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

g]kfndf e|i6frf/ Go"gLs/0f ug{ 6LcfO{ g]kfn cgj/ t?kdf nfu]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu ljleGg lhNnfsf ;/sf/L sfof{nox?;Fu ;bfrf/ k|ltj4tf–kqdf x:tfIf/ u/Psf lyof}+ . o;n] sfof{no k|d'v / sd{rf/Lx?df hjfkmb]xL j[l4 ePsf] kfPsf lyof}+ . o;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg' h?/L 5 . clxn] Tolts} ;fGble{s ePsfn] lg/Gt/tf lbg'k5{ eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . xfdLn] Pp6f ;dGjo ;ldlt klg agfPsf lyof}+ . o;n] u'gf;f] ;dfwfg ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] lyof] . cg'udgsf qmddf s]xL cGof}ntf b]lvPsf] 5 . ;/sf/L sfof{nosf sd{rf/L ! b]lv @ jif{leq ;?jf eP/ cGtM uO;s]sf x'G5g\ . gofF sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;bfrf/ k|ltj4tfsf af/]df yfxf 5}g eGg] u/]sf 5g\ . 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] e|i6frf/sf af/]df w]/} cl3b]lv sfd ub}{cfPsf] 5 t/ e|i6frf/ ck]Iff u/]cg';f/ lgoGq0f x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . u[xdGqfnon] PghLcf]sf] sfo{qmddf ghfg ;s{'n/ hf/L u/]sf] 5 . e|i6frf/ lj?4 sfd ug]{ 6LcfO{ g]kfndf rflxF hfg ldN5 eg]/ u[xaf6 ;s{'n/ u/fpg ;lsG5 ls k|of; u/f}+ . cfj4 ;+:yfn] sfd u/]sf 5g\÷5}gg\ s]Gb|n] cg'udg ul//xg'k5{ . >Lxl/ cof{n, ;dfkg dGtJo e|i6frf/ lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngdf ;lqmo ;a} ;fyLx?nfO{ wGojfb . ;8s cfGbf]ngn] w]/} 7"nf] tfgfzfx 9n], t/ e|i6frf/ x'g 5f8]sf] 5}g . ;8sdf cfGbf]ng u/]/ e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f gx'g] /x]5 . d'n'sdf k4lt lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg'kg]{ /x]5 . xfd|f] sfd k~rdLsf] kfOnfe}mF cl3 al9/x]sf] 5 . d'n'sdf k4lt lgdf{0f s;/L x'g;S5 < d'xfg z'4 eP wf/fdf /fd|f] kfgL cfpF5 elgG5, t/ xfd|f] d'xfg slxn] z'4 x'g] < xfd|f] d'xfg /fhgLlts bn xf]– ToxfF z'4Ls/0f h?/L 5 . xfdLn] :yfgLo gful/s;Dd k'Ug] af6f] vf]lh/x]sf 5f}+ . lgs6 eljiodf xfdL To:tf] sfo{qmd ;fj{hlgs ug]{ k|ltj4tf;lxt ;ef lj;h{g ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub{5' . Sfo{qmdsf] bf];|f] ;qdf cfj4 ;+:yfx?sf] ;dLIff j}7s /flvPsf] lyof] . ;f] a}7sdf cleJoQm wf/0ffx? lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M

ultljlw eLdaxfb'/ >]i7, cWoIf, e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cleofg /fhgLlts cl:y/tf e|i6frf/ Go"gLs/0fsf nflu r'gf}tL xf] . e|i6frf/sf nflu ul/Psf k|of; ;d'b|sf] kfgL rDrfn] lems]/ ;'sfpg vf]h]h:tf] dfq ePsf] 5 . ;+:yfx?sf] cfj4tf sfod 5, t/ ;|f]t÷;fwg gePsfn] sfd ug{ sl7gfO 5 . xfdL ah]6ljgf klg sfd ug{ tof/ x'g'k5{ . gofF ;f]r / ljrf/ Nofpg'k5{ . e|i6frf/ Go"gLs/0fsf nflu vr{ ug{ rfxg]x?af6 ;xof]u lng ;lsG5 eGg] nfU5 . :j]R5fn] lbOg] cg'bfg e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cleofgdf vr{ ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . lktfDa/ 9sfn, gful/s ;/f]sf/ ;+3, ;'v]{t g]kfndf k|zf;lgseGbf klg /fhgLlts e|i6frf/ 8/nfUbf] b]lvPsf] 5 . 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] PSnf] k|of;dfq kof{Kt 5}g . 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf kbflwsf/Lx? 6LcfO{ cfj4 ;+:yf /x]sf @% lhNnfdf Psk6s k'Ug' h?/L 5 . o;n] lhNnfdf e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cleofgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg 7"nf] ;xof]u k'U5 . o;cl3 8LkL u/]sf sfof{nosf k|d'vx? ;?jf eO;s]sf 5g\ . To;nfO{ gjLs/0f ug{ ;lsg] u/L 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] s]xL sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u?/L 5 . xfd|f] cleofg bLuf] agfpg :yfgLo txdf /x]sf u}/– ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?;Fu ;xsfo{ ug{ ;lsG5 . cleofg ;an agfpg xfdLn] u/]sf k|of; ;~rf/dfWoddfkm{t\ k|rf/÷k|;f/ u/f}+ . xfdLn] k|sfzg ug]{ a'n]l6g ;+Vof a9fP/ lhNnfdf k7fpg] k|aGw u/f}+ . cGTodf gofF sfo{;ldltnfO{ ;kmn sfo{sfnsf] z'esfdgf .

cem k|efjsf/L x'g;S5 . /fd|f] sfd ug]{nfO{ s]Gb|n] k'/:s[t ug]{ Joj:yf ug{'k5{ . o;n] xfd|f] cleofgdf nfUg k|f]T;flxt ub{5 . cfj4 ;+:yfn] lhNnfdf klg ;fgfvfnsf cg';Gwfg ug{' h?/L 5 . 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] s'g} klg sfo{qmd ubf{ ;bfrf/sf af/]df Pp6f v08 /fVg'k5{ . lhNnfdf cg'udg ;+oGq 5g\, ltgLx?sf] cg'udg ug{ ;s] o;n] w]/}sf] Wofgfsif{0f ug]{ lyof] . lhNnfdf e|i6frf/ lj?4 sfd ug]{ ;+:yfx?sf aLr Pp6f u7aGwg agfpg' h?/L 5 . /f;s], cb'cf;Fu ;DaGw lj:tf/ ug{ ;xof]u ug{'k¥of] . ;+:yfdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ ;xof]u ug'{k¥of] . ;'Gb/ u'?ª, ;'gf;, cWoIf ;'zf;gsf nflu gful/s ;dfh -;'gf;_ n] ;xof]uL ;d"xsf ?kdf cfwf / cfj4 ;+:yfsf ?kdf cfwf cfo' latfPsf] 5 . 6LcfO{ g]kfn, clVtof/, If]qLo sfof{no / ;'gf;sf] ;xsfo{n] /fd|f] sfd eO/x]sf] cg'e"lt u/]sf] 5 . xfdL cleoGtf s:tf 5f}+ < logLx?sf] rl/q klg x]g{'k5{ . cleoGtfsf] ;+Vof a9fpg' k5{ . gful/s ;dfh;Fu ;xsfo{ ul//xFbf vr{sf] cK7\of/f] b]v]sf 5f}+ . h;sf] kfof], To;sf] ;xof]u lng'x'Fb}g . ;+:yfn] ;xof]u lnFbf ljrf/ u/]/dfq lng'k5{ . Jofj;flos ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj -;LP;cf/_ cGtu{tsf] s]xL /sd lng ;lsPnf ls eGg] nfU5 . ;+3Lo ;+/rgf kl/jt{g eO/x]sf] 5, k|b]z:t/df sfd ug{ ;lsg] cj;/ klg xfdL;Fu 5 .

s[i0fk|;fb zdf{, kf/bzL{ g]kfn, l;4fy{gu/

df]xg e§/fO{, cWoIf, gful/s ;/f]sf/ d~r, df]/ª

cfj4 ;+:yfn] cleofgsf ?kdf s] ug{ ;Snf < ;+:yf a9]sf 5g\, t/ gful/s u'gf;f] 36]sf 5g\, a9fpg s] ug]{ < cflzif yfkfn] oL b'O{ k|Zg ug{'ePsf] lyof] . cfj4 ;+:yfsf ?kdf lhNnfdf sfd ubf{ xfd|f sfdx? k|rf/÷k|;f/ ug{ y'k|} ;fdu|L k|sfzg u/]sf 5f}+ . gful/s ;r]tgf d~r :yfkgf u/]/ cl3 al9/x]sf 5f}+ .

s'g} klg sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ;|f]t÷;fwg dxÎjk"0f{ kIf xf] . :yfgLo ;|f]t÷;fwgsf] pkof]u u/]/ ;Lldt sfo{qmd u/]sf 5f}+ . cfj4 ;+:yf / 6LcfO{sf aLrdf w]/} 7"nf] Uofkdf e]63f6 eO/x]sf] 5, To:tf] gxf];\ eGg] rfx]sf 5f}+ . csf]{ lhNnfn] s;/L sfd ul//x]sf] 5 eg]/ csf]{ lhNnfsf dflg;nfO{ b]vfpg' h?/L 5 . 6LcfO{sf kbflwsf/Lx? uP/ ul/Psf] sfo{qmddf :yfgLo k|zf;gsf] klg Wofg cfs[i6 x'G5 . ljgpkfn] ;~rfng u/]sf] P8LaL kl/of]hgfcGtu{tsf 7]Ssfsf af/]df x/]s jif{ ;fdfgsf] efp a9fpFb} /sd a9fpFb} u/]sf 5g\ . gful/s ;dfh, /fhgLlts bn jf cGo sf]xL klg af]n]gg\ eg]/ Pp6f sfo{qmd u/]sf lyof}+ . kl/of]hgfsf] af/]df ;f]wvf]h ug]{ sfd eof] .

b'uf{ yfkf, x'/]G8]s, pbok'/ cfj4 ;+:yfdf kl/of]hgf geP klg sDtLdf Pp6f sd{rf/L;Dd /fVg] k|aGw ug{' cfjZo b]v]sf 5f}+ . kf/bzL{ a'n]l6g sd eof], clns a9fP/ k7fP /fd|f] x'g] lyof] . cGo k|rf/ ;fdu|L klg w]/}eGbf w]/} ljt/0f ug{'k5{ . :yfgLo lgsfodf cTolws e|i6frf/ 5 . :jo+;]jsx? kl/rfng ug{ ;Sbf cleofg

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

j}zfv @)&$ . kf/bzL{

ultljlw kb\d/fh hf]zL, ;bfrf/sf nflu ;fdflhs kxn, wgu9L g]kfnsf clwsf+z ;+:yf kl/of]hgfd'vL ePsf 5g\ . o;f] ubf{ gful/saf6 6f9f eO/x]sf 5g\ . gful/s ;dfh, k]zfut ;+:yf / e|i6frf/ lj?4sf ;+:yfsf aLrdf ;xsfo{ ug]{ jftfj/0f agfpg' h?/L 5 . e|i6frf/sf] d'Vo sf/0f /fhgLlt xf] eg] /fhgLlts kf6L{sf sfo{stf{ s]lGb|t eO{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{' h?/L 5 . gful/saf6 lnPsf u'gf;f ;'Gg]÷;'gfpg] sfddfq ePsf] 5 . x/]s ;/sf/L sfof{nodf u'gf;f] ;'Gg] clwsf/L 5g\÷5}gg\ < 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] vf]hL ug{'k5{ . ;dfwfg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L s;n] lng] eg]/ 5nkmn u/fpg ;Sg'k5{ . dg e08f/L, cWoIf af;, afFs] af; e|i6frf/ lj?4 sfd ug{ o'jfx?sf] ;lqmotfdf :yflkt ;+:yf xf] . 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] cfj4 ;+:yf agfPe}mF af;n] ^* lhNnfdf zfvf lj:tf/ u/]sf] 5 . logn] e|i6frf/ lj?4sf ljleGg sfo{qmd ub}{cfPsf 5g\ . lji0f' bfxfn, Onfd Onfddf u'gf;f] ;+sng ug]{ sfd ul//x]sf 5f}+ . ;f+;b sf]ifsf] af/]df k|Zg p7fPsf lyof}+ . gofF ahf/ hfg] ;8sdf e|i6frf/ ePsf] af/]df lhNnfdf ePsf] Pp6f sfo{qmddf s'/f p7fPsf lyof}+ . ;fdflhs ;'/IffeQf -hd'gf uflj;sf] Ps dlxnf_ gkfPsf] ph'/L ;dfwfgsf] kxn ubf{ ;kmn ePsf 5f}+ . dx]Gb|gf/fo0f >]i7, kf/bzL{ ;/f]sf/ ;d"x, a'6jn ljleGgvfnsf ;~hfn lj:tf/ u/]/ sfd ug{ ;s]dfq e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fdf ;xof]u ug{ ;lsPnf . :s"n / SofDk;:t/df e|i6frf/ lj?4 hgr]tgf lj:tf/ ug]{ sfd ul//x]sf 5f}+ . ljBfno / sn]h:t/sf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ tflnd lbPsf 5f}+ . ljBfyL{x?df dgf]j}1flgs k|efj k/]sf] cg'e"lt u/]sf 5f}+ . @^ j6f :s"nsf ljBfyL{x? ;lDdlnt Pp6f ;~hfn agfPsf 5f}+ . kf/bzL{ ;/f]sf/ ;d"xsf] pkl:ylt ?kGb]xLsf] a'6jndf ;zSt b]lvPsf] 5 . cf1f ;f]zn sG;g{, eStk'/ xfdLn] x]Nk 8]:snfO{ a9L k|efjsf/L 7fg]sf 5f}+ . a]nf÷a]nfdf u'gf;f] ;'g]/ ;dfwfgsf nflu kxn ul//x]sf 5f}+ . ljBfyL{x?dfem ul/Psf] sfo{qmd klg plQs} k|efjsf/L nfu]sf] 5 . ufpF÷ufpFdf uP/

42 kf/bzL{ . @)&$ j}zfv

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

u'gf;f] eP sfof{no;dIf k7fpg cfu|x ub}{cfPsf 5f}+ . xfdLsxfF ljB't\, e"sDk k|efljtx?nfO{ lbOg] /fxt cflb d'Vo u'gf;f x'g\ . k|]drGb| bfxfn, cleofg l;Gw'nL, l;Gw'nL 6LcfO{ g]kfn e|i6frf/ cjwf/0ff ;"rsfª\s k|jfx ug]{ ;+:yfdfq eof] . ;+:yf sGkm\o"h eP/ a;]sf] cj:yf 5 . pbfx/0fsf ?kdf d]nDrL vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfsf af/]df nfOe sfo{qmd rnfcf}+ . lsg l9nf eof] < sfo{sf/L kbsf] lgo'lSt cflbsf af/]df 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] s;}nfO{ 5f8\b}g eGg] cg'e"lt gful/s:t/df nfg sfo{;ldltn] ljrf/ ug{'h?/L 5 cfj4 ;+:yfdf Go"gtd Pp6f sd{rf/Lsf] k|aGw ug{' h?/L 5 . s]xL ;do klxn] clVtof/ ;zSt eP/ cfPsf] lyof] . o;f] s]xL eof] ls clVtof/df ph'/L u5{' eGg yfn]sf lyP– dflg;x? . xfd|f] ljrf/d} slAhot 5 . o;nfO{ ;'wf/ ug{'k5{ . 7"nf÷7"nf kl/of]hgf lsg /f]lsPsf 5g\ < To;af/]df Wofg lbg' cfjZos 5 . ?b|gf/fo0f emf, pkfWoIf, ;fd'bflos ljsf; ;ldlt, l;/fxf e|i6frf/ lgoGq0df 6LcfO{ Pgn] b'O{ jif{b]lv lgs} 7"nf] ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . b]zsf] e|i6frf/ kLl8t lhNnfdWo] l;/fxf klg Ps xf] . :s"nx?df lgaGw k|ltof]lutf, lzIfsx?;Fusf] uf]i7L, ;lrjx?;Fu a}7s ;DkGg u/]sf 5f}+ . s]Gb|Lo:t/df e|i6frf/ Go"gLs/0f ug{ 6LcfO{ sfo{;ldltnfO{ cfu|x ub{5' . xfdLn] e|i6frf/ lj?4 sfd ug]{x?nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . zld{nf yfkf, sfo{;ldlt ;b:o, hjfkmb]lxtfsf nflu c;n l5d]sL, afun'ª afun'ª lhNnfdf e|i6frf/ lj?4 sfd ul//x]sf] gofF ;+:yf xf] . ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwsf] pkl:yltdfqn] klg lhNnfsf sfof{nox?df Ps lsl;dsf] k|efj k/]sf] 5 . 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf kbflwsf/Lx? a]nf÷df}sf lhNnfdf uP/ ;fdfGo cg'udgdfq ug]{ xf] eg] klg w]/} k|efj kbf]{/x]5 . hlt;Sbf] o'jfx?nfO{ kl/rfng ug{ ;Sg] xf] eg] e|i6frf/ Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;xof]u k'U5 . lhNnfdf cfjfh p7fpg]x?sf] ;'/Iffsf If]qdf klg 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] Wofg lbg' h?/L 5 . Zofd kf08], ;'zf;g cleofg, u'NdL gjlgjf{lrt sfo{;ldltsf] ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5' .

ultljlw lhNnfdf cfPsf sfof{no k|d'vx?;Fu klxn] ul/Psf] ;bfrf/ k|ltj4tf kqsf] kmf]6f]skL lnP/ hfg] u/]sf 5f}+ . lhNnfdf k|fKt u'gf;f ;dfwfgsf nflu kxn ul//x]sf 5f}+ . /fhgLlts kf6L{sf] efua08f e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cleofgdf tuf/f] alg/x]sf] 5 . ldnf]dtf]n] lhNnfsf] ljsf; lgdf{0f k|efljt 5 . lhNnf k|zf;g, dfnkf]t, cfo'j]{b cflb sfof{nodf uP/ u'gf;f] ;+sng ul/Psf] 5 . ;'zf;g cleofg u'NdL @% j6f ;+:yfsf] ;~hfn agfO{ cWoIftf ul//x]sf] 5 . cfj4 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ a]nfa]nfdf lhNnf e|d0f u/fpg'k5{ eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . cfr/0f z'4 ePsf] / :jo+;]jf ug{ ;Sg] dflg;dfq ;+:yfdf /fVg'k5{ . /jLGb| 7u'Ggf, bfr{'nf lhNnfdf x'g] k|zf;lgs e|i6frf/n] gful/s a9L k|tfl8t 5g\ . k};f 3'; n]gb]gdfq e|i6frf/ xf]Og eGg]af/]df ;r]tLs/0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{'k5{ . wd]{Gb|s'df/ ;fx, /f}tx6 o'jf nlIft sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ;Ifd ePsf 5f}+ . lhNnfel/sf ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf k|ltlglw / uflj; ;lrjx? ;lDdlnt sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/]sf 5f}+ . lhNnfdf :yfgLo efiffdf >Jo j8fkq /fVg] tof/L ul//x]sf 5f}+ . xfd|f] cleofgsf] g]t[Tj clxn] lhNnfsf /fhgLlts g]t[Tj / g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3n] ul//x]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts bns} g]t[Tjdf ul7t Pp6f 6f:s kmf];{n] Pp6f 1fkg–kq lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf a'emfPsf 5f}+ . of]hgf 5gf}6 ubf{ sfo{ljlw ldr]/ ul/Psf] lyof], t/ ;a}sf] ;xof]udf ;Rofpg ;s]sf 5f}+ . s]Gb|af6 xfdLn] ;fdfGo Ogk'6 rfx]sf xf}+ . !))÷@)) jfnf e|i6frf/ gful/sn] krfO;s]sf 5g\ . dfnkf]t / lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf ;]jfu|fxLsf] cTolws rfk 5, To;sf/0f :kL8 dgLsf ?kdf k|of]u eO/x]sf] 5 . sNkgf /fO{, ;'g;/L ;x/df dfq xf]Og, ufpF÷ufpFdf e|i6frf/ lj?4sf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{' cfjZos 5 . 7"nfj8fnfO{ dfq af]nfP/ ul/Psf sfo{qmdn] Tolt7"nf] km/s kf5{ eGg] nfUb}g . lhNnfdf ul/Psf] Pp6f sfo{qmdsf

bf}/fg cfh e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] sfo{qmd eO/x]sf] 5, cfh s]xL cGoyf gul/lbg'xf]nf eg]/ cfGtl/s ;s{'n/ hf/L ul/Psf] /x]5 . cflzif yfkf, 6LcfO{ g]kfn e|i6frf/ cleofgnfO{ lgGt/ n}hfg] s] ug{ ;lsG5 < xfd|f]h:tf] ;+:yfn] k};f geP klg ug{ ;lsg] sfd s] s] x'g\ < l;l8of] / Pn8Lcf]nfO{ dlxgfsf] Psk6s Wofgfsif{0f ug{ ;lsPnf . :yfgLo ;~rf/dfWodnfO{ e|i6frf/ lj?4sf ;Gb]z dlxgfsf] Psk6sdfq eP klg ahfOlbg'xf];\ eGg ;lsPnf . ;/sf/L sfof{nodf dfl;s?kdf Pp6f u'gf;f] ;'Gg] Joj:yf ul/lbg'xf];\ eGg ;lsPnf . ;/sf/L sfof{nodf ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ ePsf] 5÷5}g < geP u/f}+ eg]/ ltgLx?nfO{ g} eGg ;lsPnf . o:tf w]/} sfdljgf k};f ug{ ;lsG5 . 8f= /fdbofn /fs]z, pkfWoIf, 6LcfO{ g]kfn 6LcfO{Pg jfr 8u xf] . of] ;+:yf To:tf] zlStzfnL ;+:yf xf]Og . clVtof/, /f;s], ;DklQ z'4Ls/0fh:tf ;+:yfx? 5g\ . kxf8sf lhNnfdf eGbf t/fO{sf lhNnf e|i6frf/ u|l;t 5g\ . cfj4 ;+:yfdfkm{t\ g} xfdLn] gful/s:t/df k'Ug] xf] . ljleGgvfnsf 8/÷wfswDsL ;x]/ e|i6frf/ lj?4 sfd ul//x]sf cfj4 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?n] sfd ul//xg'ePsf] 5 . of] ;/fxgLo 5 . e|i6frf/ pGd"ng x'g g;Snf, t/ Go"gLs/0f x'g;S5 . To;tkm{ xfdL ;a}n] kxn ug{'k5{ . >Lxl/ cof{n, cWoIf, 6LcfO{ g]kfn cfj4 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?n] e]63f6 kftnf] eof] eGg] s'/f ug{'eof] . o;nfO{ a9fpg] k|oTg ul//x]sf 5f}+ . of] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng xf]– o;n] s]xL 3f]if0ff ug]{ rng 5 . oxfFx?n] Totf Wofg lbg'xf];\ . 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf kbflwsf/Lx? lhNnfdf hfFbf cfj4 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ df]/n a':6ck ubf]{/x]5 . cfufdL lbgdf s]Gb| / cfj4 ;+:yf s;/L ;Fu} hfg ;lsG5 < Tof] xfdLn] vf]Hg rfx]sf xf}+ . e|i6frf/sf] ;dy{g s;}n] v'n]/ ub}{g, t/ e|i6frf/ 36]sf] 5}g .9

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

j}zfv @)&$ . kf/bzL{

ultljlw

e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cGt/f{li6«o lbj; @)!^ 6«fG;k/]]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnn] e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cGt/f{li6«o lbj; -l8;]Da/ (_ kf/]/ Ps 5nkmn sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u¥of] . @)&# d+l;/ @$ ut] sf7df8f}+df cfof]lht pSt 5nkmn sfo{qmddf ;+:yfsf ;b:ox?, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglw / ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . pSt sfo{qmd ;+:yfsf dxf;lrj klßgL k|wfgfËn] ;~rfng ug{'ePsf] lyof] . cWoIf, >Lxl/ cof{n cfh e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cGt/f{li6«o lbj;sf] lbg xf] . of] lbj;nfO{ e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cleofgk|lt P]Soj4tf k|s6 ug{] lbgsf ?kdf lnOG5 . g]kfndf klg of] lbj; dgfpg cfh xfdL e]nf ePsf 5f}+ . cfh xfdLn] /fhgLlts If]qsf dflg;nfO{ af]nfPsf 5}gf}+ . ;dfhsf ljleGg If]qdf sfd ul//xg'ePsf JolStTjx?nfO{ lgDtf] k7fPsf lyof}+ . s]xL ;fyLx? cfO;Sg'ePsf] 5 eg] s]xL cem} cfO/xg'ePsf] 5 . of] pkl:yltn] xfdLnfO{ pT;flxt agfPsf] 5 . cWoIfn] e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] lbj;sf lbg 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf tkm{af6 tof/ ul/Psf] ;Gb]z k9]/ ;'gfpg'eof] . 8f= O{Zj/k|;fb pkfWofo PG6L s/K;g Ph]G;Lx?nfO{ s;/L ;an agfpg] < o:tf Ph]G;Ldf s]xL ;'wf/ ug{'kg]{ 5 ls < Totf klg x]/f}+ . Pp6f Ph]G;Ln] dfq of] sfd u/]/ ;Dej 5}g . OdfGbf/ eO{ sfd ug]{ JolSt tyf ;+:yfnfO{ k'/:s[t ug]{ Joj:yf u/f}+ / To;f] ug{ c?nfO{ klg k|f]T;flxt u/f}+ . o;n] dflg;nfO{ OdfGbf/ x'g k|]l/t u5{ . s]–s]df ;'wf/ ug{ ;lsG5, ljrf/ u/]/ ;xL lbzfdf hfg'k¥of] . kjgs'df/ cf]emf 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] PS;g cf]l/PG6]8 k|f]u|fd ug{'k5{ eGg] s'/fdf ;a}hgf ;xdt eO;s]sf 5f+} . Pp6f df]8fln6L agfcf}+ / cl3 a9f}+ . Unf]an s/K;g Jof/f]ld6/ @)!# n] /fhgLlts bn ;a}eGbf a9L e|i6 5g\ eGg] b]vfPsf] 5 . ;/sf/L lqmofsnfksf] cg'udg ug{ yfnf}+ . h:tf] 8f= uf]ljGb s];L;Fu ;/sf/n] Pp6f ;Demf}tf u¥of], t/ s]xL lbg laTg

44 kf/bzL{ . @)&$ j}zfv

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

gkfpFb} To;nfO{ tf]8]/ cl3 a9]sf] 5 . o:tf y'k|} pbfx/0f 5g\ . oL sfd s;/L ug]{ eg]/ df]8fln6LrflxF xfdLn] agfpg} k5{ . oL ;a} sfddf 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] sfo{;ldltn] dfq sfo{ gug{ ;S5 . o;sf nflu ;b:ox?nfO{ ;xefuL u/fP/ 5'§f5'§} ;fgf ;ldlt agfpg ;s] pkof]uL x'g] 7fg]sf] 5' . h:tf] k|zf;g ;ldlt, /fhgLlts ;ldlt, kqklqsf ;ldlth:t} u/]/ cnu÷cnu ;ldlt agfpg ;lsG5 . e|i6frf/ z"Godf emfg]{ s'/f sNkgfeGbf aflx/ 5 . lgoGq0f ug]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbpF . ;LkLcfO{sf] ljutsf] tYof+sn] e|i6frf/ a9]s} b]lvFb}5 . o;nfO{ s;/L 36fpg ;lsG5 eg]/ ;/sf/n] ;f]Rg] l:ylt s;/L agfpg ;lsG5, Totf Wofg lbpF . ef]h/fh kf]v/]n sf]l/ofsf] ;+;bn] /fi6«kltnfO{ e|i6frf/L 7x¥ofPsf] 5 . dxfcleof]u k|:tfj kfl/t ePsf] 5 . g]kfndf slt lbg eO;Sof] < cem} 6'+uf] nfu]sf] 5}g . )$^ df Psk6s o:tf] nx/ cfPsf] lyof]– :t/df e|i6frf/ u/]sf] yfxf kfpg]lalQs} :yfgLo gful/sn] ;dfpFb} sfnf]df];f] bNg yfn] . h;n] klg To;f] ug{ yfn] . o;n] o:tf] c;/ k¥of] ls e|i6frf/ 36\of] eGg] eof] . t/, lgjf{rgkl5 To:tf] l:ylt /x]g . ;+/If0f ug]{ / e|i6frf/ ug]{sf aLrdf Pp6f ;~hfn :yflkt x'gk'Uof] . 6LcfO{ g]kfn sf]7fleq a;]/ ePg, lelhlaln6L s;/L ug]{ < 6LcfO{ nfu]kl5 b}j nfu]h:t} nfU5 eGg] l:ylt l;h{gf ug{'k¥of] . ;a} s'/f xfdLn] ;Daf]wg ug{ vf]h]/ ;Dej x'Fb}g . sxfF s]lGb|t eP/ sfd ug]{ xf], Totf sfd ug{ yfNg'k¥of] . ;LkLcfO{nfO{ g} cfwf/ dfGg] xf] eg] s'g >]0fLdf hfg] < eGg] to ug{'k¥of] . Psflt/ cfqmd0f / csf]{lt/ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ l:ylt l;h{gf ug{' h?/L 5 . /fd|f] ug]{x?nfO{ cfhsf] h:tf] lbgdf k'/:s[t ug]{ u/f}+ . ;/sf/n] lbg] ;Ddfg / cGt/f{li6«o 5lj af]s]sf] ;+:yfn] lbg] ;Ddfg km/s 5 . c? If]qeGbf :s"ndf xfdL s]lGb|t x'g'k5{ eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . o;n] k"/f kl/jf/nfO{ k|efj k5{ / bL3{sfn;Ddsf nflu x'G5 . e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cleofg g]t[Îj ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] u/L sfo{qmd ug'k¥of] .9

lhNnf ultljlw

g]kfndf /fli6«o ;bfrf/ k|j4{g -aLPgcfO{Pg_ sfo{qmdcGtu{t ;DkGg ultljlw 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn -6LcfO{_ g]kfndf cfa4 eO{ ljleGg lhNnfsf gful/s ;+:yfx? :yfgLo:t/df e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cleofg ;~rfng ul//x]sf 5g\ . 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] clxn] ;~rfng ul//x]sf] aLPgcfO{Pg sfo{qmd l;/fxf, a'6jn, afFs], afun'ª, bfr{'nf, eStk'/, bf]nvf, /f}tx6, bfª;d]t ( lhNnfdf ;~rfng eO/xsf] 5 . tL ;+:yfx?n] ;DkGg u/]sf ultljlw lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\M

afFs], afu]Zj/L c;n zf;g Sna ;bfrf/ k|j4{gdf lzIfsx?sf] e"ldsf afu]Zj/L c;n zf;g Sna -af;_ g]kfnu~hn] afFs]sf] uËfk'/ uflj;l:yt ho ls;fg dfljdf ;bfrf/ k|j4{gdf lzIfsx?sf] e"ldsf ljifos 5nkmn ;DkGg u¥of] . 5nkmn 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf af;n] @)&# kmfu'g $ ut] cfof]hgf u/]sf] xf] . ;f] 5nkmndf ;xefuL lzIfsx?n] afFs]sf] /fKtLkfl/sf z}lIfs ultljlwx?df lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf k|ltlglwx?sf] pkl:ylt gx'Fbf z}lIfs r]tgfdf c;/ k/]sf] atfP . ;f] 5nkmndf afFs] lhNnfsf] ljleGg ljBfnoaf6 @) lzIfs lzlIfsfx? ;xefuL ePsf lyP . e|i6frf/ lj?4 hfu/0f;ef ;DkGg

afu]Zj/L c;n zf;g Sna af;n] e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cGt/f{li6«o lbj;sf] cj;/df hfu/0f;ef cfof]hgf u¥of] . sfo{qmd @)&# d+l;/ @$ ut] g]kfnu~hdf ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . afu]Zj/L c;n zf;g Sna -af;_ / g]kfnuGh o"y ;]G6/åf/f ;+o'Qm?kdf

cfof]lht pSt sfo{qmd 6«fG;k/]G;L O{G6/g]zgn g]kfn sf7df8f}+, ;]e b lrN8«]g g]kfnu~h, PS;g P8 g]kfnu~h, afFs] o'g]:sf] Sna, sfl/tf; g]kfn, cfO{Prcf/;L g]kfnu~h, aL u'|k g]kfnu~h, ldnfk afFs], /fli6«o o'jf dxf;+3 afFs] zfvf, y8{ PnfO{G;, lhNnf o'jf Sna ;~hfn afFs], /fO{lhª cfO{8N; afFs], afFs] g]qlxg ;+3, r]~h l6d g]kfnu~hnufotsf ;+:yfsf] ;xof]u /Xof] . sfo{qmddf e|i6frf/ lj?4sf dGtJo, /fi6«k|]dL uLtdf g[To tyf e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] k|x;g;d]t k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ljleGg If]qsf #%) a9Lsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . df]afO{n Pnfs, x]Nk 8]:s af;n] g]kfnu~hl:yt cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{nodf x]Nk8]:s sfo{qmd ;~rfng u¥of] . ;f] sfo{qmd ;]jfu|fxLsf u'gf;f] ;'gL pgLx?nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ p2]Zon] 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf @)&# kmfu'g !@ ut] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf pkl:yt ;]jfu|fxLx?n] sfof{nosf] ;f]wk'5 tyf x]Nk8]:s Jojl:yt ug{'kg]{ ;'emfj lbP . x]Nk 8]:sdf cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no g]kfnuGhsf ;DaGwdf !$ j6f u'gf;fx? k|fKt ePsf lyP . ;]jfu|fxLaf6 k|fKt u'gf;f] tyf ;'emfjnfO{ ;f]xL lbg g} af;sf sfo{qmd clws[t x]d/fh e§n] sfof{nosf lgldQ k|d'v /fh'k|;fb Kofs'/]n;dIf k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . u'gf;f] ;'Gb} lgldQ k|d'v Kofs'/]nn] sd{rf/Lsf] ;+Vof sd ePsf] / sfof{no ejg;d]t k'/fgf] ePsfn] ;f]r]cg';f/sf] ;]jf k|jfx ug{ g;lsPsf] atfP . pgn] sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] eGb} ;d:of lj:tf/} ;dfwfg x'g] hfgsf/L lbP . Kofs'/]nn] sfof{nodf k|d'v gx'Fbf s]xL ;d:of ePsf] atfpFb} ;]jfu|fxLaf6 cfPsf u'gf;fx? 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

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lhNnf ultljlw ;Daf]wg ug]{ k|ltj4tf;d]t AoQm u/] . e|i6frf/ lj?4 ljBfyL{ hfu/0f cleofg

cleofgnfO{ Jofkstf lbFb} j8f g+= @* k'/}gLnfO{ cljnDa v'Nnf lbzfd'Qm 3f]if0ff ug]{, ;fj{hlgs ;]jf÷;'ljwfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpFb} ;]jfk|jfx ubf{ ;]jfu|fxLd}qL Jojxf/ u/L gful/sk|lt hjfkmb]xL aGg] / g]kfnu~h km"n6]qmfrf}sb]lv k'/}gL;Ddsf] ;8s alQ h8fgsf nflu cfjZos kxn ug]{ k|ltj4tf;d]t clwsf/Lx?n] u/]sf lyP . ;'g'jfO{df pkdxfgu/kfnLsfsf ljleGg j8fsf !&@ hgf :yfgLo gful/ssf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;dfhsfo{ cEof;stf{x?nfO{ cled'vLs/0f

af;n] e|i6frf/ lj?4 ljBfyL{ hfu/0f cleofg ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . ;f] cleofgcGtu{t g]kfnu~hl:yt a|fO6NofG8 SofDk;df df3 @& ut], wDaf]hL dfWolds ljBfnodf df3 @$ ut], af;, gf/fo0f dfljdf kmfu'g ! ut], cfbz{ dfljdf kmfu'g !( ut] / kmfu'g ^ ut] g]kfnu~hl:yt dWoklZrd SofDk;df e|i6frf/ lj?4sf ljleGg sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . SofDk;df cWoog/t ljBfyL{x?nfO{ cled'vLs/0f u/L e|i6frf/ lj?4 kl/rfng ug{ lhNnfl:yt sn]hx?df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . cled'vLs/0fkl5 af;n] ;xefuL ljBfyL{x?dWo]af6 ;bfrf/ ;d"x u7g u/]sf] 5 . kmfu'g dlxgfdf af;n] % j6f SofDk;x?df sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/L hDdf @$^ hgf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ cled'vLs/0f u/]sf] lyof] . gu/kflnsfdf ;fj{hlgs ;'gjfO{ afu]Zj/L c;n zf;g Sna -af;_ n] g]kfnu~h pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= @* k'/}gLl:yt /fdhfgsL dlGb/ afafs'6L gx/k'/jfdf ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ ;DkGg u¥of] . ;'g'jfO{ 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf @)&# kmfu'g @@ ut] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fj{hlgs ;'gjfO{sf qmddf pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] j8fx?df sfo{qmd ;~rfng gu/]sf] eGg] u'gf;f]sf ;Gbe{df k|lqmofut?kdf cfPsf of]hgfx? ;a} j8fdf lgod÷;+ut9Ën] ;~rfng ug]{, k'/}gL k"jf{df a;f]af; ug]{ :yfgLo JolQmx?sf] cfly{s cj:yf sdhf]/ ePsf] / zf}rfno lgdf{0f ug{ g;Sg] eGg] u'gf;f] cfPsfn] ;f]af/]df tTsfn ;/;kmfO{ ;ldltsf] a}7s u/L cfjZos kxn ug{ ;Dj4 clwsf/Ln] k|ltj4tf hgfPsf 5g\ . ;fy}, v'Nnf lbzfd'Qm

46 kf/bzL{ . @)&$ j}zfv

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

af;n] ;'zf;g k|a4{gdf ;dfhsfo{ cEof;stf{x?sf] e"ldsf ljifos cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg u¥of] . ljBfyL{x?sf nflu cfof]lht cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf @)&# df3 @) ut] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . g]kfnu~hl:yt a|fO{6Nof08 sn]hdf :gftstxsf] ;dfhsfo{ k|yd jif{df cWoog/t !% hgf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ af;n] ;f] cled'vLs/0f lbPsf] xf] . cled'vL/s0fdf ;xefuL ePkl5 e|i6frf/ lj?4 nfUg xf};nf ylkPsf] ;xefuLx?n] atfP . e|i6frf/ lj?4 df]6/;fO{sn ¥ofnL afu]Zj/L c;n zf;g Sna -af;_ g]kfnu~hdf e|i6frf/ lj?4 df]6/;fOsn ¥ofnL lgsfNof] . ¥ofnL e|i6frf/ lj?4 hgr]tgf hufpg] p2]Zon] 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf df3 @! ut] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . af;n] e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] ;Gb]z k|jfx ug]{ p2]Zon] ‘d e|i6frf/ ulb{g, e|i6frf/ ;xGg– ;bfrf/ la;{Gg’ gf/f c+lst :6Ls/ tLg bh{g a9L df]6/;fOsnx?df 6fFluPsf] lyof] . g]kfnu~hl:yt u0f]zdfgrf}sdf e]nf eO{ df]6/;fOsnx?df :6Ls/ 6fF;]/ ;'? ePsf] ¥ofnL aLkLrf}s, wDaf]emLrf}s, k'iknfnrf}s, Go"/f]8, ;b/nfOg, lqe'jgrf}s, rf/aflxgL rf}s x'Fb} u0f]zdfgrf}sdf k'uL ;dfkg ePsf] lyof] . OG:kfOl/ª o'y sfo{qmd o'jfx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 u/L pgLx?nfO{ ;dfh kl/jt{gdf nfUg clek|]l/t ug]{ p2]Zon] af;n] OG:kfOl/Ë o'y sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf] lyof] . pSt sfo{qmd x/]s xKtf zlgaf/ ;fFem # ah]b]lv $ ah] ;Dd ! 306f ;~rfng x'g] ub{5 . o;cGtu{t ;kmn JolQmx?sf] k|]/0ffbfoL dGtJo, ;kmntfsf] syf, ;d;fdlos ljifodf jfb–ljjfb, cg'ej cfbfg– k|bfg cflb ul/Fb}cfPsf] 5 .

lhNnf ultljlw dlxnfx?;Fu cGt/lqmof

af;n] ;bfrf/ k|j4{gdf dlxnfx?sf] e"ldsf ljifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd lagf}gf uflj;df ;DkGg u¥of] . 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf d+l;/ !& ut] ;DkGg cGt/lqmof dlxnfx?sf nflu cfpg] ah]6sf af/]df s]lGb|t /Xof] . sfo{qmdkl5 ;xefuLx?n] uflj;df ;~rfng x'g] x/]s sfo{qmdsf] kf/blz{tfsf nflu ;d"xdfkm{t\ sfd ug]{ atfP . ;bfrf/ k|j4{gdf dlxnfx?sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'g] ePsfn] To:tf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ k|ltj4tf hgfP . sfo{qmddf ;d"xsf #) hgf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

afun'ªM hjfkmb]lxtfsf] nflu c;n l5d]sL g]kfn jSt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutf hjfkmb]lxtfsf] nflu c;n l5d]sLn] afun'ªl:yt sflnu08sL pRr dflj afun'ªdf jSt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutf ;DkGg u¥of] . ;f] sfo{qmd :s"n] ljBfyL{x?sf] dfWodaf6 ;dfhdf ;bfrf/ lgdf{0f ug{ ;xh x'g] / pgLx?df n's]/ /x]sf] k|ltef k|ikm'6g ug]{ p2]Zon] 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf ul/Psf] @)&# d+l;/ ( ut] ;~rfng ePsf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf & :s"nsf !% hgf ljBfyL{sf] ;xelutf /x]sf] lyof] . g]kfndf ;bfrf/ k|j4{g sfo{qmdcGt{ut e|6frf/, clgoldttf, l9nf;':tL, kbsf] b'?kof]u cflb cgf}lts lqmofsnfk /f]Sg tyf hgr]tgf km}nfpg] p2]Zosf ;fy ljBfno:t/Lo jSt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . cGt/lqmof hjfkmb]lxtfsf] nflu c;n l5d]sL– g]kfn, afun'ªn] ;fdflhs ljifo lzIfsx?;Fu cGt/lqmof ;DkGg

u¥of] . pSt sfo{qmd afun'ªl:yt xf]6n lztn kf6L{ Kofn];df @)&# d+l;/ @) ut] ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . sfo{qmddf 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] kl/ro, g]kfndf ;bfrf/ k|j4{g sfo{qmd / g]kfndf e|i6frf/sf] cj:yf cflbsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbOof] . ;fdflhs ljifosf lzIfsx?;Fusf] cGt/lqmofdf !% hgfsf] ;xelutf /x]sf] lyof] . o;}u/L, ;+:yfn] e|i6frf/lj?4sf] cGt/f{li6«o lbj;sf] cj;/df csf]{ Ps cGt/lqmof ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . ;f] sfo{qmd @)&# d+l;/ @$ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . :yfgLo txdf e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cleofg k|efjsf/L?kdf n}hfg hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] cfof]]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf lhNnfl:yt :yfgLo lgsfo, u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yf,

gful/s ;dfh / ;/sf/L lgsfosf k|ltlglwx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . afun'ªl:yt xf]6n ;ld6df ;~rfng ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf &) hgfsf] ;xelutf /x]sf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?, /fhgLlts bn, kqsf/ tyf dlxnf ;+3 cflbsf] klg pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . df]afOn Pnfs, x]Nk8]S; o;}u/L, ;+:yfn] afun'ªl:yt s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, lhNnf 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no, lhNnf oftfoft sfof{nodf x]Nk8]:s sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] lyof] . s[lif ljsf; sfof{nodf @)&# d+l;/ * ut] ePsf] df]afOn Pnfsdf $ j6f u'gf;f]x? k|fKt ePsf lyP . sfo{qmdsf] cGtdf sfof{no k|d'v;Fu u'gf;f]sf] af/]df 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . To:t}u/L, @)&# k'; % ut] lhNnf 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{nodf klg df]afOn Pnfs ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . To;qmddf !( hgf :yfgLo gful/sn] ;fj{hlgs ;]jf;DaGwdf ;f]wk'5 u/]sf lyP . ;fy}, @)&# r}t !@ ut] lhNnf oftfoft sfof{no 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

j}zfv @)&$ . kf/bzL{

lhNnf ultljlw afun'ªdf x]Nk8]S; tyf u'gf;f] ;'Gg] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . oftfoft sfof{nodf pkl:yt #* hgf gful/s nfeflGjt eP . ;f]xL sfof{nosf ;DaGwdf eg] $ j6f u'gf;f]x? cfPsf lyP .

bf]nvfM dfgj clwsf/ ;r]tg tyf ljsf; s]Gb| -x'/f8]s_ e|i6frf/ lj?4 nw'syf jfrg sfo{qmd dfgj clwsf/ ;r]tg tyf ljsf; s]Gb| -x'/f8]s_ g]kfnn] e|i6frf/ lj?4 nw'syf jfrg sfo{qmd ;DkGg u¥of] . bf]nvfdf cfof]lht pSt sfo{qmd 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfn / nw'syf ;dfh g]kfn;Fusf] ;xsfo{df d+l;/ !$ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmdsf] k|yd r/0fdf e|i6frf/ / n3'syfsf af/]df jx; ul/Psf] lyof] . e|i6frf/ lj?4 ;Gb]z k|jfx ug]{ ;Gb]zd"ns * n3' syf jfrg ul/Psf] lyof] . h;df nw'syf ;dfhsf cWoIf;lxt syfsf/x? t'n;Lxl/ sf]O/fnf, w|'j dlwsdL{, uf]kfn cZs, k'is/fh e§ / >Lafa' sfsL{n] e|i6frf/lj?4sf n3'syfx? jfrg ug{' ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L, bf]nvfnL ;flxTosdL{ s]zj rf}nfufO{+, hLjg nfdf, hLt sfsL{n] klg n3'syf jfrg ug{'ePsf] lyof] . PsLs[t k':ts k|sfzg bf]nvf lhNnfl:yt ;/sf/L lgsfon] k|jfx ug]{ ;]jf / k|lqmofx?af/] hfgsf/L lbg] p2]Zon] ;a} sfof{nosf gful/s j8fkq ;+sng u/L PsLs[t k':ts k|sfzg ul/Psf] 5 . k':ts @)&# d+l;/df k|sfzg ul/Psf] lyof] . lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bf]nvf;Fusf] ;dGjodf jLPgcfO{Pg kl/of]hgfn] cGo s]xL ;xof]uL lgsfo;Fu k':ts k|sfzgsf] nflu ;fem]bf/L u/]sf] lyof] . k':ts Ps xhf/k|lt 5kfO{ u/L ljt/0f ug{ ;'? ul/Psf] 5 . df]jfOn Pnfs dfgj clwsf/ ;r]tg\ tyf ljsf; s]Gb| -x'/f8]s_ g]kfn bf]nvfn] bf]nvf lhNnfsf] ;'Gb|fjtL, sfa|] af]r, kj6L / gfDb' ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no kl/;/df df]jfOn Pnfs sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . d+l;/ !$ ut] ;'Gb|fjtL, d+l;/ !% ut] sfa|], d+l;/ !^ ut] af]r, !( ut] kj6L / @) ut] gfDb' uflj;df ;j{;fwf/0f gful/ssf] u'gf;f] ;'Gg cfof]lht

48 kf/bzL{ . @)&$ j}zfv

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

P8\ef]s];L P08 lnun P8\efO{; ;]G6/df !)@ hgf ;j{;fwf/0f gful/s ;Dks{df cfPsf lyP . df]jfOn Pnfsdf cfPsf clwsf+z gful/sn] k'glg{df{0f cleofgsf af/]df nfeu|fxLsf] ;"rLdf gfd 5'6]sf] u'gf;f] lnP/ cfPsf lyP . uflj; ;lrj;Fu cGt/lqmof ;+:yfn] ;'zf;g k|j4{gdf :yfgLo lgsfosf] e"ldsf ljifos cGt/lqmof tyf cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd bf]nvf ;b/d'sfd rl/sf]6df ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] sfo{qmd bf]nvfdf /x]sf #! uflj; ;lrj;Fu k'; ^ ut] ;DkGg ul/Psf] xf] . pSt sfo{qmddf bf]nvf lhNnfsf ;Dk"0f{ uflj; ;lrjx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf uflj; ;lrj xslxt ;+/If0f s]Gb| bf]nvfsf cWoIf tLy{ l3ld/]n] ;'zf;g k|j4{gsf nflu uflj; ;lrjx? k|ltj4 /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf uflj; ;lrjx?nfO{ ;'zf;gsf cf}hf/x?, uflj; cg'bfg ;~rfng sfo{ljlwsf d'Vo k|fjwfg, ;"rgfsf] xs / bf]nvf lhNnfdf 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfn;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf ;~rfng x'Fb}cfPsf] /fli6«o ;bfrf/ k|j4{g sfo{qmd / u'gf;f] ;'Gg] sfo{qmdsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] . lgaGw n]vg k|ltof]lutf ;+:yfn] bf]nvf lhNnfsf] a}ToZj/ dflj gfDb'df e|i6frf/ lj?4 lgaGw n]vg k|ltof]lutf ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . ;f] sfo{qmd 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfn;Fusf] ;xsfo{df dfgj clwsf/ ;r]tg tyf ljsf; s]Gb| -x'/f8]s_ g]kfn / a}ToZj/ dflj gfDb'n] @)&# d+l;/ !& ut] cfof]hgf u/]sf] xf] . k|ltof]lutfdf gfDb' ;|f]t s]Gb|sf ljleGg kfFr ljBfnosf !) hgf ljBfyL{x?n] ;xeflutf hgfPsf lyP .

lhNnf ultljlw e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cGt/f{li6«o lbj;

a'6jnM kf/bzL{ ;/f]sf/ ;d"x

e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cGt/f{li6«o lbj;sf cj;/df bf]nvfdf ljleGg sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/of] . To; cj;/df a[xt\ cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd -@)&# d+l;/ @% ut]_ ;DkGg ul/of] eg] d+l;/ @$ ut]sf lbg ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{, l;7L h'n';nufotsf sfo{qmd bf]nvf ;b/d'sfd rl/sf]6df ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/]/ sfln~rf]s ;fd'bflos PkmPd;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO sfo{qmddf bf]nvfsf ;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L afns[i0f s6jfnn] e|i6frf/ lj?4 v'n]/ ph'/L ug{ cfu|x ug{'eof] . o;}u/L, lbj;sf] cj;/df cfof]lht a[xt\ gful/s cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf k"j{dGqL tyf ;f+;b cfgGbk|;fb kf]v/]nn] e|i6frf/ lj?4 ljz]if cg'ej cfbfg÷k|bfg ug{'ePsf] lyof] .

kqsf/ e]63f6 sfo{qmd

cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd dfgj clwsf/ ;r]tg tyf ljsf; s]Gb| -x'/f8]s_ g]kfn bf]nvfn] bf]nvf ;b/d'sfd rl/sf]6df cGt/lqmof ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . ;f] cGt/lqmof @)&# d+l;/ !# ut] ;DkGg ul/Psf] xf] . cGt/lqmof 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfn;Fusf] ;xsfo{df ;~rfng eO/x]sf] /fli6«o ;bfrf/ k|j4{g sfo{qmdcGtu{t ePsf] xf] . cGt/lqmofdf ljleGg :yfgLo u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf u}/–;/sf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf] ;fdflhs lhDd]jf/L / k]zfut cfr/0f, dfgj clwsf/ / :jtGqtfsf] ;Ddfg, lg/k]Iftf / t6:ytf, ;xof]ufTds dfgjLo Aojxf/, cfGtl/s ;'zf;g, kf/blz{tf / hjfkmb]lxtfnufotsf ljifodf 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . e|i6frf/ cjwf/0ff ;"rsf° @)!^ af/] cGt/lqmof o;}u/L, x'/f8]s g]kfnn] e|i6frf/ cjwf/0ff ;"rsf° @)!^ sf] af/]df ;~rf/sdL{;Fu cGt/lqmof ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . cGt/lqmof df3 !@ ut] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn -6LcfO{{_ g]kfnn] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] e|i6frf/ cjwf/0ff ;"rsf° @)!^ cg';f/ g]kfn ;+;f/sf Ps ;o &^ b]zdWo] e|i6frf/ a9L x'g] b]zx?sf] ;"rLdf k/]sf] 5 . cGt/lqmofdf lhNnfsf lqmofzLn ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

kf/bzL{ ;/f]sf/ ;d"xåf/f 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnn] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] …s/K;g k;]{K;g OG8]S; @)!^Ú sf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg kqsf/ e]63f6 sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmd @)&# df3 !@ ut] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . df]jfOn Pnfs kf/bzL{ ;/f]sf/ ;d"xn] @)&# df3 !& ut] ?kGb]xL lhNnfsf] k8\;/L ufla;df ;]jf u|fxLaf6 u'gf;f] ;'Gg] sfo{qmd ;~rfng u¥of] . To;cj;/df #) hgf ;]jfu|fxLn] k|ToIf ;]jf lnPsf lyP eg] ;a}sf] Pp6} u'gf;f] sfo{no Aojl:yt gePsf] / hgzlQmsf] cefj /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . ;DalGwt uflj;sf ;lrj >L cRo't e§/fO{n] o;cl3 kf/bzL{ ;/f]sf/ ;d"x ;+:yfsf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf] ufla; ;lrj a}7sdf cfkm"n] u/]sf] k|ltj4tfcg'?k ph'/L k]l6sf /fv]sf] / ca l5§} ejg lgdf{0fsfo{ ;DkGg ePkl5 cem /fd|f];Fu ;]jf k|jfx ug]{ k|lta4tf JoSt ug{' ePsf] lyof] . ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmd kf/bzL{ ;/f]sf/ ;d"x a'6jnn] a'6jn pk– dxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] n'lDagL afl0fHo SofDk;sf] ;efsIfdf ;]jf k|jfx;DaGwL ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmd @)&# kmfu'g @$ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . sfo{qmddf sl/a $%) hgf ;xefuL ePsf lyP . a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf sfo{sf/L k|d'v >L /fdnfn >]i7sf] cWoIftfdf a'6jn pk–dxfgu/kf/Lsf ljleGg sfof{noaf6 k|jfx x'g] ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf ;Gb{edf ;fj{hlgs ;'GgjfO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . kf/bzL{ ;/f]sf/ ;d"x a'6jnn] a'6jn pk– 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

j}zfv @)&$ . kf/bzL{

lhNnf ultljlw dxfgu/kflnsf tyf j8f g+= !# sf] j8f sfo{noaf6 ;]jf lnP/ kms]{sf %) hgf ;]jfu|fxL;Fu k|ToIf cGtjf{tf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . pk–dxfgu/kflnsfleqsf ljleGg ;]jfu|fxL / ljleGg sfof{nosf] ;]jf lnPsf %) hgf ;]jfu|fxL;Fu k|ToIf cfGtjf{tf{ u/L k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] k|ltj]bg ;+:yfsf ;b:o >L ljqmd v8\sfn] k|:t't ug{'ePsf] lyof] . ;xefuLdWo] ^% hgfsf] u'gf;f] k|Kt ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L, ltnf]Qdf gu/kflnsfsf] u|dL0f If]q j8f g+= !&, !*, !( sf ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ nlIft u/L j8f g+= !* l6s'nLu9df /x]sf] ;fgf ls;fg ;xsf/Lsf] sfo{qmd xndf ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ ;DkGg ul/of] . @)&# kmfu'g @^ ut] cfof]lht pSt sfo{qmddf cg'dfgLt !%) hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ltnf]Qdf gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sf/L k|d'v >L df]xg kf}8]nsf] cWoIftfdf ltnf]Qdf gu/kflnsf ljleGg sfof{noaf6 k|jfx x'g] ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf ;Gb{edf ;fj{hlgs ;'GgjfO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

l;/xfM ;fd'bflos ljsf; ;ldlt lgaGw k|ltof]lutf ;fd'bflos ljsf; ;ldlt, l;/fxfn] PDaL;g Ps]8dL l;/xfdf lgaGw k|ltof]lutf ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . k|ltof]lutfdf lhNnfl:yt ;ft ljBfnosf !@ hgf ljBfyL{sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmd ;fd'bflos ljsf; ;ldlt l;/xfsf cWoIf >L /fhs'df/ emfsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . To:t}, km]8]gsf lhNnf cWoIf >L /fdlszf]/ ofbj sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v cltly x'g'x'GYof] . k|ltof]lutf @)&# d+l;/ !& ut] ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . ;xefuL ljBfyL{x?n] e|i6frf/ Go"gLs/0fdf ljBfyL{sf] e"ldsf ljifodf lgaGw n]v]sf lyP .

ljsf; ;ldlt l;/xfn] l8lehg l;rfO{+ sfof{no l;/xfdf @)&# d+l;/ @^ ut] x]Nk 8]:s tyf Pnfs sfo{qmdsf] cof]hgf u/]sf] xf] . sfo{qmd clu a9\b} hfFbf ljleGg sfof{nosf u/L hDdf !) u'gf;f]x? btf{ eof] / sl/a @% hfgf ;]jfu|fxLx?nfO{ x]Nk 8]:sdfkm{t\ ;]jf lbPsf] lyof] . lzIfsx?;Fu cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;fd'bflos ljsf; ;ldlt l;/xfn] lhNnfl:yt ljleGg dfWolds ljBfnosf ;fdflhs ljifo cWofkg ug]{ lzIfsx?;Fu cGt/lqmof u/]sf] 5 . cGt/lqmof @)&# k'; ^ ut] ;DkGg ul/Psf] xf] . cGt/lqmofdf kqsf/nufot lzIff If]qsf cGo Joltmx?;d]t u/L sl/a @) hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . 5nkmn sfo{qmddf 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] kl/ro / 6LcfO{ cfa4 :yfgLo ;+:yfn] e|i6frf/ lj?4 ul//x]sf lqmofsnfkx?sf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbOPsf] lyof] . g}lts lzIff, ;bfrf/, e|i6frf/sf] cj:yf / lzIfsx?n] ug{ ;Sg] sfdx?sf af/]df klg 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . g}lts lzIff kf7\oqmdf geP klg ljBfyL{ efO÷alxgLx?nfO{ ;'wf/sf] af6f]df 8f]¥ofpg] lhDdf k|To]s lzIfssf] k|d'v bfloTj /x]sf] lgisif{ ;xefuLx?sf] lyof] . cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd

l;7L h'n'; o;}u/L, ;+:yfn] e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cGt/f{li6«o lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/L l;7L h'n'; lgsfNof] . h'n'; l;/fxfsf] ;b/d'sfddf @)&# ;fn d+l;/ @$ ut] z'qmaf/ lgsflnPsf] lyof] . h'n'; ahf/ kl/qmdf u/L /fh]z kfs{df k'u]/ sf]0f;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] . h'n';df :yfgLo gful/s tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . h'n';df cg'dfgLt !)) hgf hltsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

;fd'bflos ljsf; ;ldlt l;/xfn] e|i6frf/ Go"gLs/0fdf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] e"ldsf ljifos cGt/lqmof ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . cGt/lqmof 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf @)&# ;fn d+l;/ @$ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

x]Nk 8]:s tyf Pnfs sfo{qmd

ljsf;sf nflu ;fdflhs ;b\efjn] uflj; ;lrjx?;Fu cGt/lqmof ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . ;+:yfsf] ;efsIfdf @)&# d+l;/ # ut] cfof]lht cGt/lqmof

/fli6«o ;bfrf/ k|j{4g sfo{qmd cGt/ut ;fd'bflos

50 kf/bzL{ . @)&$ j}zfv

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

bfªM ljsf;sf nflu ;fdflhs ;b\efj uflj; ;lrjx?;Fu cGt/lqmof

lhNnf ultljlw kf/blz{tf, ;'zf;g / hjfkmb]lxtf ljifodf s]lGb|t /x]sf] lyof] . 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf @& uflj;sf ;lrjx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;xefuL uflj; ;lrjx?n] uflj;txdf gful/s ;'g'jfO{ / ;"rgfsf] xsnfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg], ;dod} hgtfsf] u'gf;f]x? ;dfwfg ug]{, e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cleofgnfO{ ;zSt agfpg] / ;a}hgf ldn]/ sfd ug]{ k|ltj4tf hgfPsf lyP .

eStk'/M cf1f ;f]zn sG;g{ eStk'/M cf1f ;f]zn sG;g{ e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] cGt/f{li6«o lbj; -l8;]Da/ (_ sf cj;/df cf1f ;f]zn sG;g{ g]kfnn] cGt/lqmof ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . cGt/lqmof @)&# d+l;/ !$ ut] g]kfn af/ Pzf]l;P;g eStk'/sf] ;efsIfdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf cWoIf >Lxl/ cof{nsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ;f] sfo{qmddf dxf;lrj klßgL k|wfgfËsf] klg pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . To;}u/L, sfo{qmddf eStk'/ lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nosf gfoa pk/LIfs gf/fo0f k|;fO{+sf] klg pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf !@% hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

sfo{qmddf ;/sf/L sd{rf/L, /fhgLlt1, dlxnf ;d"x, ;L8Lcf] o'jf ;d"x / ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L u/L %# hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;8s gf6s ljsf;sf nflu ;fdflhs ;b\efjn] @)&# d+l;/ !) ut] æ;/sf] emf]nfÆ gfds ;8s gf6s k|bz{g u¥of] . gf6s dfWoflds ljBfno / jL/]Gb|rf]s;d]t u/L b'O{ :yfgdf k|bz{g ul/Psf] lyof] . ;'zf;g k|j4{g / e|i6rf/ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ p2]Zo /x]sf] gf6s k|bz{g ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm gf6ssf] d'Vo ljifo lzIff / e|i6frf/ Go"gLs/0fdf lzIfsx¿sf] e"ldsf /x]sf] lyof] . uflj; ;lrjx¿;Fu cGt/lqmof

bfªM ljsf;sf nflu ;fdflhs ;b\efj 5nkmn sfo{qmd ljsf;sf nflu ;fdflhs ;b\efj bfªn] klAns ;le{; 8]lne/L ;j]{ ;g\ @)!^ sf lgisif{x¿df s]lGb|t eO{ 5nkmn sfo{qmd ;DkGg u¥of] . 5nkmn 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf @)&# kmfu'g @) ut] ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf ;+:yfsf cWoIf nIdgs'df/ /]UdLn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] eg] ljz]if cltlysf ?kdf 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] sf]iffWoIf :g]x ;fodL pkl:yt x'g'x'GYof] . …klAns ;le{; 8]lne/L ;j]{ @)!^Ú sf d'Vo cg';Gwfgstf{ 8f= k|sfzrGb| e§/fO{n] ;j]{sf] pknlAwx¿af/] hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] . e§/fO{n] dfnkf]t sfof{nodf ;a}eGbf a9L e|i6frf/ ePsf] s'/f k|sfz kg{'eof] .

ljsf;sf nflu ;fdflhs ;b\efjn] uflj; ;lrjx¿;Fu cGt/lqmof ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . ;+:yfsf] ;efsIfdf @)&# d+l;/ # ut] cfof]lht cGt/lqmof kf/blz{tf, ;'zf;g / hjfkmb]lxtf ljifodf s]lGb|t /x]sf] lyof] . 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf @& uflj;sf ;lrjx¿sf] ;xeflutf ePsf lyP . ;xefuL uflj; ;lrjx¿n] uflj;txdf gful/s ;'g'jfO{ / ;"rgfsf] xsnfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg], ;dod} hgtfsf] u'gf;f]x¿ ;dfwfg ug]{, e|i6frf/lj?4sf] cleofgnfO{ ;zSt agfpg] / ;a}hgf ldn]/ sfd ug]{ k|ltj4tf hgfPsf lyP . sfo{qmddf %) hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .9

e|i6frf/ lj?4 cfh}af6 ;lqmo xf]cf}+ . 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

j}zfv @)&$ . kf/bzL{

lhNnf ultljlw

e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / k'g:yf{kgfdf ;bfrf/ -cfO{kLO{cf/cf/_ sfo{qmdcGtu{t ;DkGg ultljlw 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnn] e"sDkaf6 clt k|efljt lhNnfx?df e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / k'g:yf{kgfdf ;bfrf/ Integrity in Post Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (IPERR) program sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ;Dks{ sfof{no vf]n]sf] 5 . xfn pkTosf / cGo !! j6f lhNnfdf ;Dks{ sfof{no 5g\ . tL ;Dks{ sfof{no sf7df8f}, nlntk'/ / eStk'/sf] sf7df8f}df / cGo sfof{nox? eg] cf]vn9'Ëf, bf]nvf, /fd]5fk, l;Gw'nL, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, sfe|]knf~rf]s, /;'jf, g'jfsf]6, wflbª, dsjfgk'/ / uf]/vf lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfddf /x]sf 5g\ . tL sfof{non] ;DkGg u/]sf ultljlw lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ .

!= /;'jf kl/rofTds sfo{qmdM 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] /;'jfl:yt ;Dks{ sfof{non] @)&# r}t @ ut] /;'jfdf cfO{kLO{cf/cf/ sfo{qmdsf] kl/rofTds sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . :yfgLo lhNnf sfof{nosf] ;efsIfdf :yfgLo gful/s, ;/sf/L lgsfo, gful/s ;+:yf / ldl8ofsf k|ltlglwsf] ;xeflutf lyof] . sfo{qmddf 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf cWoIf >Lxl/ cof{n / dxf;lrj klßgL k|wfgfËsf] klg pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{M ;+:yfn] w}a'ª uflj;sf] sfnLsf:yfgdf ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . @)&# r}t # ut] ;DkGg ;'g'jfO{df /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f lhNNff ;dGjo sfof{nosf k|d'vsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . tYof° ;°ngM ;Dks{ sfof{non] /;'jf lhNnfdf k'glg{df{0fsf] If]qdf sfo{/t ;+3÷;+:yfx?sf] ah]6 / sfo{qmd ;°ng u/]sf] 5 . To:t}, ;/sf/L lgsfosf] k'glg{df{0f;DaGwL sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 klg ;+sng ul/Psf] lyof] . o;afx]s lhNnfel/sf Ifltu|:t ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] tYof° klg ;°ng ul/Psf] lyof] .

@= g'jfsf]6 ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{M 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] g'jfsf]6l:yt ;Dks{ sfof{non] v8\ue~Hofª uflj;df ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . @)&# df3 % ut] cfof]lht sfo{qmddf sl/a &) hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . 5nkmn sfo{qmdM ;+:yfn] k'glg{df{0f;DaGwL sfdsf] af/]df 5nkmn sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . @)&#

52 kf/bzL{ . @)&$ j}zfv

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

kmfu'g % ut] cfof]lht sfo{qmddf sl/a !( hgf blnt, dlxnf / cGo ;d'bfosf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . o;}qmddf ljleGg u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfx?;Fu 5nkmn u/L gful/s ;~hfn agfpg kxn klg ul/Psf] lyof] . PkmPd;Fu ;Demf}tfM ;Dks{ sfof{non] g'jfsf]6sf] lqz'nL PkmPd;Fu lhËn k|;f/0f;DaGwdf ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . ;Demf}tf @)&# kmfu'g ! ut]b]lv sfof{Gjog x'g]5 . krf{ ljt/0fM 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] tof/ u/]sf] ;"rgfd"ns krf{x? :jo+;]jLsf] dfWodaf6 ljt/0f ul/of] . cled'vLs/0fM ;Dks{ sfof{non] ^ hgf :jo+;]js 5gf}6 u/L @)&# df3 $ ut] ltgLx?nfO{ cled'vLs/0f tflnd lbPsf] 5 .

#= wflbª xf]l8{Ë af]8{M 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] wflbªl:yt ;Dks{ sfof{non] wflbª lhlj; / wflbª lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nosf] aLrdf hgr]tgfd"ns xf]l8{Ë af]8{ /fv]sf] 5 . 5nkmnM ;Dks{ sfof{non] wflbªdf 5nkmn sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . 5nkmn lk5l8Psf ju{sf dlxnf;Fu ul/Psf] lyof] . tL ju{n] e"sDkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / k'g:yf{kgfsf qmddf k|fKt ug{'kg]{ ;]jf;'ljwfdf e]befj eP÷gePsf] ljifodf s]lGb|t /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmd @)&# kmfu'g !@ ut] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf sl/a @% hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . cg'lzIf0fM ;Dks{ sfof{non] ;+:yfsf] sfo{qmddf ;xof]u ug{ * hgf :jo+;]js 5gf}6 u/L

lhNnf ultljlw ltgLx?nfO{ tflnd lbPsf] 5 . tflnd @)&# df3 * ut] lbOPsf] xf] . ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ tyf u'gf;f] ;+sngM ;Dks{ sfof{non] wflbªsf] lhlj; sfof{nodf u'gf;f] ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . @)&# df3 ( ut] cfof]lht sfo{qmddf sl/a &) j6f u'gf;f ;+sng ePsf lyP . To;}u/L, ;Dks{ sfof{non] lhlj; sfof{nosf] rf}/df @)&# df3 ( ut] ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmd klg ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . ;f] sfo{qmddf sl/a !)) hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

$= uf]/vf 5nkmnM 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] uf]/vfl:yt ;Dks{ sfof{non] k'glg{df{0faf/] lhNnfdf ljBdfg ;d:of ;DaGwdf 5nkmn sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . @)&# kmfu'g ^ ut] ;DkGg ;f] sfo{qmddf sl/a $% hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . 5nkmnsf qmddf b]lvPsf ;d:ofx? uf]/vfl:yt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no / k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fnfO{ pknAw u/fOPsf] lyof] . lhËn k|;f/0fM ;Dks{ sfof{non] uf]/vfsf] uf]/vf PkmPd;Fu lhËn k|;f/0f;DaGwdf ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . u'gf;f] ;°ngM ;Dks{ sfof{non] uf]/vfsf] ejg lgdf{0f sfof{no kl/;/df @)&# df3 ^ ut] u'gf;f] ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmddf !%) j6f u'gf;f] k|fKt ePsf lyP eg] sl/a @)) hgf :yfgLo gful/ssf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . cled'vLs/0fM ;Dks{ sfof{non] @)&# df3 & ut] !@ hgf :jo+ ;]jsnfO{ cfO{kLO{cf/cf/ sfo{qmdaf/] cled'vLs/0f tflnd lbPsf] 5 .

%= dsjfgk'/ 5nkmnM 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] dsjfgk'/l:yt ;Dks{ sfof{non] x]6f}+8f pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+= !@ df lhNnfsf] k'glg{df{0f sfo{;DaGwdf 5nkmn ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . @)&# df3 !) ut] cfof]lht 5nkmndf sl/a #! hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . lhËn k|;f/0fM ;Dks{ sfof{non] k'glg{df{0f;DaGwdf hgr]tgfd"ns /]l8of] lhËn k|;f/0f ug{sf nflu :yfgLo PkmPd;Fu ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . ;Demf}tf @)&# kmfu'g ! ut]b]lv nfu" x'g]5 . ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{M ;+:yfsf] dsjfgk'/ ;Dks{

sfof{non] x]6f}+8f pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !@, !#, !$ / !% ut] ;+o'Qm j8f sfof{nodf ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . @)&# df3 !! ut] ;DkGg ;fj{hflgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmddf sl/a !*) hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . u'gf;f] ;°ngM ;Dks{ sfof{non] x]6f}+8f pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !@, !#, !$ / !% sf] ;+o'Qm j8f sfof{nodf u'gf;f] ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . @)&# df3 !! ut] ;DkGg sfo{qmddf *# hgfn] u'gf;f] l6kfPsf lyP . cled'vLs/0fM ;+:yfn] :yfgLo SofDk;df :jo+;]jL ljwfyL{x?nfO{ cfO{kLO{cf/cf/;DaGwL cled'vLs/0f tflnd lbPsf] 5 . ;f] tflnd @)&# df3 !) ut] ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . tflnddf !) hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

^= eStk'/ kl/rofTds sfo{qmdM 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / k'g:yf{kgfdf ;bfrf/ cfO{kLO{cf/cf/ sfo{qmdsf] kl/rofTds sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . ;f] kl/rofTds sfo{qmd @)&# d+l;/ @& ut] eStk'/ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . ;f] sfo{qmddf %! hgf :yfgLo gful/ssf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf dxf;lrj klßgL k|wfgfË / sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs cflzif yfkfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{÷ df]afOn Pnfs÷ ;xfotfsIfM 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] eStk'/l:yt cgGtlnË]Zj/ gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{nodf @)&# kmfu'g @ ut] ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{, u'gf;f] ;+sng tyf ;xfotf sIfnufotsf sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f, vftf vf]Ng cg'dlt kfPsf a}+sx? tyf gu/kflnsf sfof{nosf k|ltlglwx? / e"sDkkLl8t ;]jfu|fxLx?;d]tsf] pkl:yltdf ;f] ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ! ;o @) hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . a}7sM 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] eStk'/sf] af]8]–! df dlxnf ;d"xx?;Fu a}7s ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . @)&# kmfu'g !( ut] cfof]lht sfo{qmddf ;+:yfsf cWoIf / dxf;lrjsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmdM ;+:yfn] eStk'/ lhNnfdf % hgf :jo+;]jsx?nfO{ cfO{kLO{cf/cf/ sfo{qmdsf af/]df cled'vLs/0f tflnd lbPsf] 5 . cled'vLs/0f @)&# df3 @ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

j}zfv @)&$ . kf/bzL{

lhNnf ultljlw xf]l8{Ë af]8{M eStk'/ lhNnfsf] ;"o{ljgfos gu/kflnsfsf] $ g+= j8f sfof{no kl/;/df ldlt @)&# r}t ^ ut] / lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no kl/;/ eStk'/df @)&# r}t !% ut] xf]l8{Ë af]8{ /flvof] . 5nkmnM 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / k'g:yf{kgfdf ;bfrf/ sfo{qmdcGtu{t eStk'/ lhNnfsf] zflGt ;ldltsf] sfof{nosf] ;efsIfdf 5nkmn ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . @)&# r}t @! ut] cfof]lht ;f] sfo{qmddf @# hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . 5nkmn åGå / e"sDkaf6 kLl8t ePsf gful/s;Fu ul/Psf] xf] .

&= nlntk'/ kl/rofTds sfo{qmdM 6L=cfO{ g]kfnn] e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / k'g:yf{kgfdf ;bfrf/ -cfO{kLO{cf/cf/_ sfo{qmdsf af/]df kl/rofTds sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmd lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no nlntk'/sf] ;efsIfdf @)&# k'; & ut] ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . ;f] kl/rofTds sfo{qmd 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf cWoIf >Lxl/ cof{nsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] lyof] . k|d'v cltly ;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . sfo{qmddf ;/sf/L, gful/s ;dfh, dlxnf, e"sDkkLl8t, ;~rf/If]qsf k|ltlglw;d]t u/L %^ hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . cled'vLs/0fM 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] kf6g ;+o'Qm SofDk;df cWoog/t % ljBfyL{x?nfO{ cfO{kLO{cf/cf/ sfo{qmd;DaGwdf cled'vLs/0f ul/of] . 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] ;efsIfdf cfof]lht cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd @)&# df3 @! ut] ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . To; cj;/df e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fdf o'jfsf] ;xeflutf / ;r]tgf clej[l4af/]df hfgsf/L lbOPsf] lyof] .

pRr dfWolds ljBfno ;|f]t s]Gb|, 6f}v]ndf @)&# kmfu'g @$ ut] u'gf;f] ;+sng sfo{qmd ul/Psf] lyof] . o;qmddf :yfgLo gful/saf6 !@ j6f u'gf;f] ;+sng ul/Psf] lyof] . gful/sn] d'VotM ;/sf/n] 3/ lgdf{0fsf nflu lbg] ;xof]udf x'g] l9nfO, gfd 5'6]sf], gfd unt ePsf], nfnk"hf{ gePsf ;'s'Daf;Lsf] ;d:of g;'lgPsf], gful/sn] u/]sf] u'gf;f] ;dodf ;Daf]wg gul/Psf]h:tf u'gf;f] l6kfPsf lyP . 6LcfO{ g]kfnnfO{ k|fKt u'gf;f] /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no / ah|jf/fxL gu/kflnsfdf kq;lxt k7fOPsf] lyof] . ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{M 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] nlntk'/sf] ah|jf/fxL gu/kflnsf] 7]rf] ;+o'St j8f sfof{nosf] k|fË0fdf @)&# df3 @$ ut] ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/of] . ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{df k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt nlntk'/sf k|d'v, ah|jf/fxL gu/kflnsfsf] sfo{sf/L clws[t, j8f g+= ^, & / * sf] ;+o'Qm j8f sfof{no 7]rf]sf ;lrj, x]nf] ;/sf/sf k|ltlglwsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf cWoIf >Lxl/ cof{nn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] . a}7sM @)&# kmfu'g @$ ut] nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] uf]bfj/L gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] ls6gL pRr dfWoflds ljBfno ;|ft] s]Gb|, 6f}vn ] df l;dfGts[t -cfly{s?kdf sdhf]/, Psn dlxnf, blnt / a[4_ dlxnfx?;Fu a}7s ;DkGg ul/of] . a}7sdf %) hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf l;dfGts[t ju{sf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug{ ul/g] kxnaf/] hfgsf/L lbOPsf] lyof] . o;sf cltl/St 6LcfO{ g]kfn / e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0fdf ;bfrf/ sfo{qmdsf ultljlwx?af/] klg hfgsf/L lbOPsf] lyof] .

;xfotf sIfM ;+:yfn] nlntk'/sf] ah|jf/fxL gu/kflnsfsf] 7]rf] ;+o'St j8f sfo{fnosf] k|fË0fdf ;xfotf sIff /fv]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmd @)&# df3 @$ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . ;xfotfsIfdf ;Dks{ ePsf ;]jfu|fxLx?nfO{ ;/sf/n] lbg] /fxt, a}+lsË k|0ffnLh:tf ljifox?df hfgsf/L lbOPsf] lyof] .

o;}u/L, ;+:yfn] nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] nugv]nl:yt g]kfn af/ Pzf]l;P;gsf] ;efxndf nlntk'/ lhNnfsf åGå÷e"sDkkLl8t;Fu 5nkmn ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . 5nkmn @)&# kmfu'g @* ut] ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . :yfgLo zflGt ;ldlt;Fusf] ;dGjo tyf ;xsfo{df cfof]lht sfo{qmddf #% hgf åGå÷e"sDkkLl8t gful/ssf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

u'gf;f] ;°ngM ;+:yfn] nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] ah|jf/fxL gu/kflnsfsf] 7]rf] ;+o'St j8f sfof{nosf] k|fË0fdf u'gf;f] ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . ;f] sfo{qmd @)&# df3 @$ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . o;qmddf :yfgLo gful/saf6 &* j6f u'gf;f] ;+sng ul/Psf] lyof] . To;}u/L, lsl6gL

xf]l8{Ë af]8{M 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no kl/;/df xf]l8{Ë af]8{ /fv]sf] 5 . xf]l8{ªaf]8{df e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / k'g:yf{kgfdf ;bfrf/af/] hgr]tgfd"ns ;Gb]z /flvPsf] 5 . u'gf;f] ug{ rfxg] gful/ssf nflu lgMz'Ns 6]lnkmf]g ug{ ldNg] gDa/ klg To;df

54 kf/bzL{ . @)&$ j}zfv

6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

lhNnf ultljlw ;dfj]z ulPsf] 5 . af]8{ @)&# r}t @@ ut] /flvPsf] xf] . 5nkmnM 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] uf]bfa/L gu/kflnsf j8f * al8v]n b]ptf6f/l:yt >L ky– k|bz{s dfWolds ljBfnosf] sfo{sIfdf …ljBfno k'glg{df{0fdf ;bfrf/Ú ljifos 5nkmn ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . 5nkmn @)&# r}t @% ut] ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . 5nkmndf k|wfgfWofks, ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf / ;b:o, lzIfs cleefjs ;+3sf cWoIf, Ol~hlgo/, 7]s]bf/ k|ltlglw, lzIfsx?, cleefjsx?;d]t u/L #% hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

*= sfe|]knfGrf]s kl/rofTds sfo{qmdM 6L=cfO{ g]kfnn] e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / k'g:yf{kgfdf ;bfrf/ sfo{qmdaf/] kl/rofTds sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmd @)&# d+l;/ !& ut] w'lnv]n pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3sf] ;efsIfdf ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . ;f] sfo{qmd 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf sf]iffWoIo :g]x ;fofdLsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] lyof] . k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L lzjk|;fb l;Dv8f k|d'v cfltlysf ?kdf pkl:yt x'g'x'GYof] . sfo{qmddf ;/sf/L, gful/s ;dfh, dlxnf, e"sDkkLl8t / ;~rf/ If]qsf u/L $( hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . cled'vLs/0fM 6LcfO{ g]kfnn] sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf] ldn]lgod SofDk;df cWoog/t ljBfyL{, lzIfs / kqsf/;lxtsf * hgfnfO{ cled'vLs/0f ul/of] . o;}u/L, @)&# df3 @% ut] k'gM ^ hgf ljBfyL{nfO{ klg cled'vLs/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . cfOkLOcf/cf/ sfo{qmd;DaGwdf 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] ;efsIfdf cfof]lht cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd @)&# df3 @! ut] ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . To; cj;/df e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fdf o'jfsf] ;xeflutf / ;r]tgf clej[l4af/]df hfgsf/L lbOPsf] lyof] . ;xfotf sIfM sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf] h}zLyf]s uflj; ejgsf] k|fË0fdf ;xfotf sIf ;~rfng ul/of] . @)&# df3 $ ut] cfof]lht sfo{qmddfkm{t\ ;f] sfof{nodf ;]jf lng cfPsf ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ ;/sf/n] lbg] /fxt, a}+lsª k|0ffnLh:tf ljifox¿df hfgsf/L lbOof] . u'gf;f] ;°ngM sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf] h}zLyf]s uflj; ejgsf] k|fË0fdf @)&# df3 $ ut] u'gf;f] ;'Gg] sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/of] . h;df hDdf (#

j6f u'gf;fx¿ ;°ng\ ul/Psf] lyof] . u'gf;fx¿ d'VotM 3/ lgdf{0fsf nflu lbg] ;xof]udf l9nfO, gfd 5'6]sf], gfd unt ePsf], ;'s'Daf;L ;d:of, u'gf;f] ;dfwfgdf l9nfO h:tf /x]sf lyP . k|fKt u/]sf u'gf;fx¿ ;Daf]wg ul/lbg cfu|x ub}{ ;/sf/L sfof{nodf sfof{Gjogsf nflu l;kmfl/; ul/of] . ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{M sfe|] lhNnfsf] h}zLyf]s uflj;sf] uflj; ejgsf] k|fË0fdf @)&# df3 $ ut] ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/of] . pQm sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf ;f]xL uflj;sf uflj; ;lrk lji0f'axfb'/ lji6n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] k|d'v cltly k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f sfe|]sf k|d'v w|'j u}8f /xg'ePsf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmddf !!( hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . lhËn k|;f/0fM e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / k'g{jf;df ;bfrf/ sfo{qmdaf/] r]tgfd"ns ;"rgf k|jfx ug]{ p2]Zon] /]l8of] lhËn k|;f/0f ug{ ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] 5 . lhËn /]l8of] gdf]a'4af6 k|;f/0f ul/g] ePsf] 5 . ;Demf}tf @)&# kmfu'gaf6 sfof{Gjog x'g]5 . o;afx]s hgk|lt/f]w ;fKtflxs klqsfdf klg r]tgfd"ns ;"rgf k|sfzg ul/g] ePsf] 5 . a}7sM ldlt @)&# kmfu'g #) ut] sfe|] lhNnf w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f g+ !# df /x]sf ;LdfGts[t -dlxnf, hghflt, blnt / a[4f_ gful/s;Fu Ps a}7s ;DkGg ul/of] . sfo{qmddf #% hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . xf]l8{Ë af]8{M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf] w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfsf] a;kfs{ If]qdf @)&# r}t @ ut] e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0fdf ;bfrf/ ;DaGwL hgr]tgfd"ns ;Gb]z n]lvPsf] xf]l8{Ë af]8{ /flvPsf] 5 . 5nkmnM w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf j8f g+ @ /ljcf]kL ufpFl:yt >L ;]tLb]jL p=df=lj=sf] sfo{sIfdf …ljBfno k'g{lgdf{0fdf ;bfrf/Ú ljifos 5nkmn ul/Psf] 5 . @)&# r}t @% ut] cfof]lht 5nkmndf k|wfgfWofks, ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf, cleefjs ;+3sf cWoIf, lzIfsx¿, cleefjsx¿;d]t u/L @! hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . cGt/lqmofM sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf] kgf}tL gu/kflnsf s'zfb]jLl:yt j8f sfof{no @ / # sf] ;+o'tm j8f sfo{nosf] ;efsIfdf sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfdf /x]sf åGå÷e"sDk kLl8t;Fu Ps 5nkmn sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/of] . @)&# r}t #) ut] cfof]lht 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

j}zfv @)&$ . kf/bzL{

lhNnf ultljlw sfo{qmd :yfgLo zflGt ;ldltn] ;xsfo{ u/]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf !% hgf åGå÷e"sDk kLl8tsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

bft[lgsfonufotn] e"sDk k'glg{df{0fdf lbO/x]sf] ;]jf÷;'ljwfdf s'g} lje]b eP gePsf] ljifodf s]lGb|t /x]sf] lyof] .

(= l;Gw'kfNrf]s

lhËn k|;f/0fM e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / k'g:yf{kgfdf ;bfrf/af/] r]tgfd"ns ;Gb]z k|jfx ug]{ p2]Zon] /]l8of] lhËn k|;f/0f ug{ ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] 5 . ;Demf}tf /]l8of] ;'gsf];L;Fu ul/Psf] xf] . ;Demf}tf @)&# kmfu'gaf6 sfof{Gjog x'g]5 . o;}u/L, :yfgLo nf]slk|o b}lgs;Fu klg e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df0f / k'g:yf{kgfdf ;bfrf/af/] r]tgfd"ns ;Gb]z k|sfzg ug{];DaGwdf ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] ;Gb]z @)&# kmfu'gb]lv k|sfzg ul/g] ePsf] 5 .

kl/rofTds sfo{qmdM 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] sfe|]knf~rf]sdf /x]sf] ;Dks{ sfof{non] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;efsIfdf kl/rofTds sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . kl/rofTds sfo{qmd )&# d+l;/ !( ut] ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . sfo{qmddf lgldQ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L kLtfDa/ kf08]sf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf lgldQ :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L /fh]Gb| k|;fb kf08] / l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nosf k|d'v /jLGb| s];Ln] klg dGtJo /fv]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf %) hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmdM lhNnf ;Dks{ sfof{no rf}tf/fn] e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f tyf k'g:yf{kgfdf ;bfrf/ sfo{qmd;DaGwL :jo+;]js cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . @)&# df3 % ut] cfof]lht sfo{qmddf !! sIffdf k9\g] !) hgf ljBfyL{sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . u'gf;f] ;°ngM rf}tf/f gu/kflnsf ;+o'Qm j8f sfof{no * / (, ;fgf]l;?jf/Ldf @)&# df3 ^ u'gf;f] ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . To;qmddf #% j6f u'gf;f] ;+sng ul/Psf] lyof] . u'gf;f] lhNnf k|;f;g sfof{non, lhNnf k'glg{df{0f ;dGjo O{sfO sfof{no / rf}tf/f gu/kflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt /x]sf lyP . tL u'gf;f]x? ;Da4 sfof{nosf] Wofgfsif{0fsf nflu kq;lxt k7fOPsf] lyof] . ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{M rf}tf/f gu/kflnsf ;+o'Qm j8f sfof{no * / (, ;fgf]l;?jf/Ldf @)&# df3 ^ ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . sfo{qmdsf qmddf k|fKt e"sDkkLl8t gful/ssf u'gf;f]x? sfo{qmdsf d'Vo cltly /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f lhNnf ;dGjo O{sfOsf k|d'v e'jg]Zj/ nfld5fg]n] ;Daf]wg ug{'ePsf] lyof] . 5nkmnM 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] l;Gw'kfNrf]sl:yt ;Dks{ sfof{non] blnt ;d'bfo;Fu cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmd @)&# kmfu'g @@ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . lhNnf ;Dks{ sfof{nodf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf !) hgf blntx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . 5nkmn blnt ePs} sf/0f /fHo,

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a}7sM l;Gw'kfNrf]sf] s/5nL l;Dn]l:yt sdnfb]jL cfwf/e"t ljBfnosf] k|fË0fdf e"sDkn] Iflt ePsf :s"nsf] k'glg{df{0f;DaGwL a}7s ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . a}7s @)&# kmfu'g @( ut] ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . sfo{qmddf !) hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . o;}u/L, ;+:yfn] @)&# kmfu'g #) ut] l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfnfO{ sfo{If]q agfO{ ;'zf;gsf If]qdf sfd ul//x]sf u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfx?;Fu a}7s ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfdf eO/x]sf] e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0fsfo{sf] cjnf]sg tyf cg'udg sfo{sf] k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg] ljifodf 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . a}7sdf :yfgLo u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfsf !) hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

!)= /fd]5fk kl/rofTds sfo{qmdM /fd]5fksf] dGynLdf /x]sf] 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] ;Dks{ sfof{non] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;efsIfdf cfO{kLO{cf/cf/ sfo{qmdsf] kl/rofTds sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . kl/rofTds sfo{qmd )&# k'; % ut] ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . sfo{qmd k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L k|sfz clwsf/Lsf] k|d'v cltYodf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ^) hgf ;xefuL ePsf lyP . 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf sf]iffWoIf :g]x ;fodLsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ;f] sfo{qmddf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs cflzif yfkfsf] klg ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . cled'vLs/0fM lhNnf ;Dks{ sfof{no /fd]5fkn] e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f tyf k'g:yf{kgfdf ;bfrf/ sfo{qmd;DaGwL :jo+;]js cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . @)&# df3 * ut] cfof]lht sfo{qmddf :gftstxdf cWoog/t !) hgf ljBfyL{sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . u'gf;f] ;°ngM /fd]5fksf] lvlDt uflj; sfof{nodf

lhNnf ultljlw @)&# df3 ( ut] u'gf;f] ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . To;qmddf @)# j6f u'gf;f] ;+sng ul/Psf] lyof] . u'gf;f] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, lhNnf k'glg{df{0f ;dGjo O{sfO sfof{no, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / lvlDt uflj; sfof{no;Fu ;DalGwt /x]sf lyP . tL u'gf;f]x? ;Da4 sfof{nosf] Wofgfsif{0fsf nflu kq;lxt k7fOPsf] lyof] .

kl/rofTds sfo{qmd )&# k'; ^ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . sfo{qmd k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L tf/faxfb'/ sfsL{sf] k|d'v cltYodf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ^$ hgf ;xefuL ePsf lyP . 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf sf]iffWoIf :g]x ;fodLsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ;f] sfo{qmddf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs cflzif yfkfsf] klg ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{M lvlDt uflj; sfof{nodf @)&# df3 ( ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . sfo{qmdsf qmddf k|fKt e"sDkkLl8t gful/ssf u'gf;f]x? sfo{qmdsf d'Vo cltly /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f lhNnf ;dGjo O{sfOsf k|d'v Clif/fh cfrfo{n] ;Daf]wg ug{'ePsf] lyof] .

cled'vLs/0fM lhNnf ;Dks{ sfof{no l;Gw'nLn] e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f tyf k'g:yf{kgfdf ;bfrf/ sfo{qmd;DaGwL :jo+;]js cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . @)&# df3 !) ut] cfof]lht sfo{qmddf :gftstxdf cWoog/t !) hgf ljBfyL{sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

5nkmnM /fd]5fksf] dGynLl:yt ;Dks{ sfof{nodf blnt dlxnf;Fu 5nkmn ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . @)&# kmfu'g # ut] ;DkGg sfo{qmddf !) hgf e"sDkkLl8t gful/s -blnt dlxnf_ pkl:ylt ePsf lyP .

u'gf;f] ;°ngM l;Gw'nLsf] sdnfdfO{ gu/kflnsfdf @)&# df3 !! ut] u'gf;f] ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . To;qmddf !!% j6f u'gf;f] ;+sng ul/Psf] lyof] . u'gf;f] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, lhNnf k'glgdf{0f ;dGjo O{sfO sfof{no, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / sdnfdfO{ gu/kflnsf sfof{no;Fu ;DalGwt /x]sf lyP . tL u'gf;f]x? ;Da4 sfof{nosf] Wofgfsif{0fsf nflu kq;lxt k7fOPsf] lyof] .

lhËn k|;f/0fM e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f / k'g:yf{kgfdf ;bfrf/af/] r]tgfd"ns ;Gb]z k|jfx ug]{ p2]Zon] /]l8of] lhËn k|;f/0f ug{ ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] 5 . ;Demf}tf dGynLl:yt /]l8of] ltkmbL;Fu ul/Psf] xf] . ;Demf}tf @)&# df3b]lv sfof{Gjog x'g]5 . a}7sM l;h{gfTds k|flj /fd]5fkdf e"sDkn] Iflt ePsf :s"nsf] k'glg{df{0f;DaGwL a}7s ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . a}7s @)&# kmfu'g @^ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . sfo{qmddf @@ hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . o;}u/L, /fd]5fk lhNnfdf ;'zf;gsf If]qdf lqmofzLn u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yf;Fu @)&# kmfu'g #) ut] a}7s ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] a}7s e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f sfo{nfO{ ;+o'St?kdf cg'udg Pj+ cjnf]sg ug]{ / k|efjsf/L agfpg];DaGwdf s]lGb|t /x]sf] lyof] . xf]l8{Ë af]8{M 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] /fd]5fkl:yt ;Dks{ sfof{noåf/f dGynL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ ! l:yt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no hfg] af6f]df ;x/L ljsf; sfof{no cufl8 xf]l8{Ë af]8{ /flvPsf] 5 . af]8{ cfO{kLO{cf/cf/;DaGwdf hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] /flvPsf] xf] .

!!= l;Gw'nL kl/rofTds sfo{qmdM 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] l;Gw'nLdf /x]sf] ;Dks{ sfof{non] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;efsIfdf kl/rofTds sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 .

;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{M lhNnf ;Dks{ sfof{no l;Gw'nLn] sdnfdfO{ gu/kflnsfsf] k|fË0fdf ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . sfo{qmd @)&# df3 !! ut] ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . ;f] sfo{qmddf /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f lhNnf ;dGjo PsfOsf k|d'v jf;'b]j x'dfufOF, gu/kflnsfsf lgldQ k|d'v / lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf ;fdflhs ljsf; clws[tsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . a}7sM 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] lhNnf ;Dks{ sfof{no l;Gw'nLn] blnt, hghflt ;d'bfo;Fu a}7s ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . a}7s @)&# kmfu'g ! ut] ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . lhNnf ;Dks{ sfof{nodf ;DkGg a}7sdf @) hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . a}7s blnt, hghflt ePs} sf/0f /fHo, bft[lgsfonufotn] e"sDk k'glg{df{0fdf lbO/x]sf] ;]jf ;'ljwfdf s'g} lje]b eP gePsf] ljifodf s]lGb|t /x]sf] lyof] . o;}u/L, @)&# kmfu'g @^ ut] l;Gw'nLdf lqmofzLn u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yf;Fu a}7s ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] a}7s e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f sfo{nfO{ ;+o'St?kdf cg'udg Pj+ cjnf]sg ug]{ / k|efjsf/L agfpg];DaGwdf s]lGb|t /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf & 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

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lhNnf ultljlw hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . lhËn k|;f/0fM e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df0f / k'g:yf{kgfdf ;bfrf/ sfo{qmdaf/] r]tgfd"ns ;"rgf k|jfx ug]{ p2]Zon] /]l8of] lhËn k|;f/0f ug{ ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] 5 . lhËn /]l8of] l;4afafaf6 k|;f/0f ul/g] ePsf] 5 . ;Demf}tf @)&# df3af6 sfof{Gjog x'g]5 . o;afx]s k|eft ;dfrf/ b}lgs klqsfdf klg @)&# df3b]lv r]tgfd"ns ;"rgf k|sfzg ul/g] ePsf] 5 . xf]l8{Ë af]8{M 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] l;Gw'nLl:yt ;Dks{ sfof{non] cfO{kLO{cf/cf/;DaGwL hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] sdnfdfO{ gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ^ zflGtgu/ rf]sdf xf]l8{Ë af]8{ /fv]sf] 5 . xf]l8{Ë af]8{ @)&# r}t # ut] /flvPsf] xf] .

gOGb|/fh /fO{ / ljleGg afl0fHo a}+ssf k|ltlglw, ;x/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f / lhNnf lzIff sfof{no;Fu ;DalGwt lhNNnf tx sfof{Gjog OsfO -8LPnkLcfO{o"_ sf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . o;}u/L, 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf cWoIf >Lxl/ cof{n / dxf;lrj klßgL k|wfgfËsf] klg pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf !@) hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . lhËn k|;f/0fM e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df0f / k'g:yf{kgfdf ;bfrf/ sfo{qmdaf/] r]tgfd"ns ;"rgf k|jfx ug]{ p2]Zon] /]l8of] lhËn k|;f/0f ug{ ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] 5 . lhËn ;xofqL ;fd'bflos /]l8of]af6 k|;f/0f ul/g] ePsf] 5 . ;Demf}tf @)&# kmfu'gb]lv sfof{Gjog x'g]5 .

!@= cf]vn9'Ëf

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cled'vLs/0fM 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] lhNnf ;Dks{ sfo{fno cf]vn9'Ëfn] e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f tyf k'g:yf{kgfdf ;bfrf/ sfo{qmd;DaGwL :jo+;]js cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . @)&# kmfu'g !! ut] cfof]lht sfo{qmddf :gftstxdf cWoog/t !% hgf ljBfyL{sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

cled'vLs/0fM 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] lhNnf ;Dks{ sfo{fno bf]nvfn] e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f tyf k'g:yf{kgfdf ;bfrf/ sfo{qmd;DaGwL :jo+;]js cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . @)&# kmfu'g @% ut] cfof]lht sfo{qmddf :gftstxdf cWoog/t ^ hgf ljBfyL{sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

kl/rofTds sfo{qmdM 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] lhNnf ;Dks{ sfof{no cf]vn9'Ëfn] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;efsIfdf kl/rofTds sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . kl/rofTds sfo{qmd )&# kmfu'g !@ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . sfo{qmd ;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L /fdk|;fb 1jfnLsf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf $% hgf ;xefuL ePsf lyP . sfo{qmd 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf cWoIf >Lxl/ cof{nsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmd dxf;lrj klßgL k|wfgfËsf] klg pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{M lhNnf ;Dks{ sfof{no cf]vn9'Ëfsf] ;dGjodf l;l4r/0f gu/kflnsfn] j8f gDa/ % xf6ahf/df ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmd @)&# kmfu'g !@ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . ;f] sfo{qmddf /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f lhNnf ;dGjo PsfOsf lgldQ k|d'v o'j/fh v/]n, gu/kflnsfsf lgldQ k|d'v

58 kf/bzL{ . @)&$ j}zfv

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kl/rofTds sfo{qmdM 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf] lhNnf ;Dks{ sfof{no bf]nvfn] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;efsIfdf kl/rofTds sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . kl/rofTds sfo{qmd )&# kmfu'g @^ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . sfo{qmd ;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L afns[i0f s6\jfnsf] k|d'v cltYodf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf $! hgf ;xefuL ePsf lyP . sfo{qmd 6LcfO{ g]kfnsf cWoIf >Lxl/ cof{nsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmd dxf;lrj klßgL k|wfgfËsf] klg pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . u'gf;f] ;°ngM bf]nvfsf] eLd]Zj/ gu/kflnsf sfof{nodf @)&# kmfu'g @^ ut] u'gf;f] ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . To;qmddf (* j6f u'gf;f] ;+sng ul/Psf] lyof] . k|fKt u'gf;f] ;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L afns[i0f s6\jfn / sfo{sf/L clws[t g/axfb'/ lassf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fOPsf] lyof] . To;qmddf 6LcfO{{ g]kfnsf cWoIf >Lxl/ cof{n, dxf;lrj klßgL k|wfgfËsf] klg pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .9

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;'zf;g gx'g'sf] d'Vo sf/0f clt /fhgLlt – s]bf/eSt dfy]df b]zdf e|i6frf/sf] cj:yf s:tf] kfpg'ePsf] 5 < of] Pp6f uDeL/ ljifo xf] . of] a9\bf]qmddf 5 . afNosfndf e|i6frf/sf af/]df w]/} sd ;'lgGYof] . dflg;n] o;f] ug{ x'Gg eGy] Ps lsl;dsf] 8/ lyof] . e|i6frf/nfO{ kfksd{sf ?kdf lnOGYof] . x/]sn] cfkm\gf] cf]xbfsf Vofn /fVby] . cf]xbfsf] OHht ub{y] . Tof] 8/ / OHhtsf] kjf{xsf sf/0f e|i6frf/ w]/} sd lyof] . e|i6frf/L elgPsfsf] ;fdflhs ;Ddfg / dfGotf lyPg . ljZjJofkL?kdf cfPsf] pbf/Ls/0f, v'nf ahf/ k|0ffnLsf] k|efjn] klg To:tf] ePsf] xf] ls Û t/, ha Jofkf/ / /fhgLltsf] ld>0f eof] Tof] ;a s'/fn] clxn] e|i6frf/ k|f]T;flxt ePsf] cj:yf 5 . g]kfndf lzIffsf] :t/ s:tf] 5 < clxn] g]kfndf x'g]vfg]sf nflu Pp6f / gx'g]sf nflu csf]{ lzIff k|fKt eO/x]sf] 5 . x'g]vfg]n] kfpg] lzIffn] Tof] ju{sf gful/snfO{ ;kmntf tkm{ nlu/x]sf] 5 . gx'g]n] k|fKt ug]{ lzIffn] To;f] ug{ g;s]sf] k|:6 b]lvO/x]sf] 5 . clxn]sf] lzIffn] ;dfhdf Ps lsl;dsf] vf8n agfpg] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . lzIffn] To:tf] l:ylt l;h{gf x'glbg' x'Fb}gYof] . lzIffn] t hGdsf sf/0f x'g] u/]sf] e]befjnfO{ ;d]t /f]Sg ;Sg'kYof]{ . ;LdfGtdf k/]sf gful/snfO{ d"nwf/df Nofpg ;Sg'kYof]{ . xfd|f] lzIffn] t lsgf/fdf k'¥ofpg] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . ;a} gful/sn] lzIffs} sf/0f ;dfg cg'e"t ug{;Sg] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{'kYof]{ . cfd–gful/s;Dd lzIffsf] ;xh kx'Fr k'¥ofpg

s] ug{'knf{ < klxn]sf] t'ngfdf w]/} s]6fs]6Lx? :s"nd k'u]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/L tYofª\snfO{ kTofpg] xf] eg] Ps sIffdf (% k|ltzt s]6fs]6Lx? k'u]sf 5g\ . oBlk lrQ a'emfpg] l:ylt eg] 5}g . Ps sIffdf egf{x'g] dWo] !# k|ltztn] dfq P;Pn;L kf; u/]sf] b]lvG5 . sf]xL km]n x'G5g\, sf]xL :s"n 5f8\5g\ . ca lzIff kx'Frsf] s'/f]dfq /x]g– !) sIff;Dd ljBfyL{nfO{ :s"ndf s;/L l6sfpg ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fdf Wofg s]lGb|t ug{'kg]{ ePsf] 5 . l;sfO pknlAwd"ns

clxn]sf] lzIffn] ;dfhdf Ps lsl;dsf] vf8n agfpg] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . lzIffn] To:tf] l:ylt l;h{gf x'g lbg' x'Fb}gYof] . lzIffn] t hGdsf sf/0f x'g] u/]sf] e]befjnfO{ ;d]t /f]Sg ;Sg'kYof]{ . ;LdfGtdf k/]sf gful/snfO{ d"nwf/df Nofpg ;Sg'kYof]{ . x'g'k¥of] . x/]s ljBfyL{df k9\g], n]Vg], a'em\g] / ljZn]if0f ug]{ ;Lk x'g'kof]{ . lzIff If]qsf] ;'wf/ ug}{ g;Sg] l:yltdf k'u]sf xf}+ xfdL < xfd|f] lzIff If]q ;'wf/ ug}{ g;lsg] l:yltdf 5} g, xf]Og . t/, clxn] :s"ndf ul/Psf] nufgL ;'wf/ k|of;sf nflu kof{Kt 5}g . klxnf], lzIff If]qdf cfjZos eP hlt nufgL ug}{ g;s]sf] 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

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;fj{hlgs ljBfnodf k9fO /fd|f] ePg, lgoldt sIff ePg eg]/ ljBfyL{x? eflu/x]sf 5g\ . :s"n / z}lIfs :t/ ;'wfg]{ eg]sf] lzIfsn] xf] . lzIfsx? klxn] :s"n k|zf;g / ;~rfns ;d"x -uelg{ª sfplG;n jf af]8{ ckm 6«li6h_ k|lt pQ/bfoL x'g'k¥of] . o;f] x'g;Sof] eg] z}lIfsIf]qsf] ;'wf/ ;Dej 5 . x/]s If]qdf a]lylt / e|i6frf/ a9]sfn] ;'zf;gdf afwf k'Uof]– ;'zf;g :yfkgf ug{ s] ug{'knf{ < xfdLsxfF ;'zf;g gx'g'sf] d'Vo sf/0f clt /fhgLlt xf] . /fhgLlts bn / g]t[Tj hxfF klg cfkm\gf] k|efj /xf];\ eGg] rfxG5g\ . :s"n, ljZjljBfno, ;'/Iff lgsfonufot rflxg] grflxg] ;a} 7fpFdf pgLx?sf] x:tIf]k ljBdfg 5 . /fhgLlts bn / g]t[Tjn] cfkm\gf] kl/lw -nId0f /]vf_ lgwf{/0f ug{'k¥of] . g]t[Tjdf If]q klxrfg u/L ltgLx?df /fhgLlts x:tIf]k gu/f}+ eGg] ;a} /fhgLlts bnx?aLr ;Demf}tf x'gk¥of] . s'g} kbdf rog x'g] JolStsf] of]Uotf / IfdtfeGbf klg /fhgLlts ;fF7ufF7nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'ePg . g]t[Tj ug]{ 7fpFdf of]UotfljxLg dflg;x? cfpFbf w]/} ;+:yf wd{/fPsf, dfl;Psf 5g\ . oL ;a} s'/fn] ubf{ e|i6frf/, cg]s ljs[lt, l9nf;':tL b]lvPsf] xf] . oL;a} s'/fdf

e|i6frf/sf ;DaGwdf ljleGg ;+:yfn] u/]sf] kl/efiff 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn e|i6frf/ eGgfn] ;fj{hlgs If]qdf sfd ug]{ kbflwsf/L / /fhgLlts jf ;/sf/L clws[tn] cfk"mnfO{ ;'lDkPsf] clVtof/L / zlQmsf] b'¿kof]u u/L s'g} klg JolQm jf ;Da4 JolQmx?sf] lghL kmfObfsf] nflu k|of]u ug]{ jf u}/sfg"gL Jojxf/nfO{ hgfpF5 . ljZj a}+s lghL kmfObfsf nflu ;fj{hlgs cf]xbfsf] b'¿kof]u g} e|i6frf/ xf] . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3 e|i6frf/ eGgfn] lghL nfesf] nflu ;fj{hlgs zlQmsf] b'¿kof]u xf], h;n] ;fj{hlgs lxtdf cj/f]w k}bf ub{5 . (UN Manual on Anti-Corruption Policy Vienna 2001) PlzofnL ljsf; a}ª\s e|i6frf/ eGgfn] ;fj{hlgs / lghLIf]qdf sfo{/t kbflwsf/Lx?sf] To; lsl;dsf] Jojxf/nfO{ hgfpF5, h;af6 pgLx? cfk}mF tyf cfgf glhssf hf]–sf]xLnfO{ kbsf] b'¿kof]u u/L cg'lrt / u}/sfg"gL?kdf kmfObf k'¥ofpg] sfd ul/G5 . o'/f]k]nL ;ª\3 e|i6frf/ eGgfn] ;Da4 kbflwsf/LnfO{ cfgf] sfo{;Dkfbgsf] qmddf cfjZos x'g] kbLo bfloTj / Jojxf/af6 ljd'v t'Nofpg] u/L k|ToIf / ck|ToIf?kdf 3"; jf c? s'g} cg'lrt kmfObf lng], lbg], dfUg], :jLsfg]{ / :jLsf/ ug{ ;Sg] l:yltnfO{ hgfpF5 .

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ca s] ug]{ < xfdLn] ljBfyL{, o'jf / x/]s gful/snfO{ a]lylt :jLsfg{ xf]Og, k|Zg ug{, lj/f]w ug{ / r'gf}lt lbg k|f]T;flxt ug{'k5{ . of] e"ldsf ljz]if u/L o'jfx?n] lgjf{x ug{'k5{ . o;f] ug{ ;s] k|hftGq ;+:yfut x'Fb}hfG5 . geP clxn]sf] h:t} @.$ j6f bnsf g]tfsf] xflnd'xfnL rNb} u5{ . cltePkl5 To;n] s'g} lbg csf]{ 7"nf] cfGbf]ngsf] ?k lnG5 . oL ;a} s'/f /fhgLltn] dfu{lgb]{z ug]{ xf]Og < ;dfhnfO{ dfu{lgb]{z ug]{ sfd /fhgLlts} xf] . /fhgLltdf o'jfx?sf] ;xeflutf a9fpg'k5{ . /fhgLltdf ;lqmo o'jfn] cl3Nnf] k':tfnfO{ r'gf}lt lbg}k5{ . g]t[Tj lbg ;s'Gh]n 7Ls 5, t/ g;s]kl5 klg ;x]/ a:g] aflg o'jfdf 5– Tof] unt 5 . cl3Nnf] k':tfnfO{ r'gf}tL lbO;Sbf cfkm"df g]t[Tj ug{;Sg] Ifdtf klg cfh{g ul/;Sg'k5{ . pxfF xfd|f] cu|h eg]/ a:g] xf] eg] ca b]zn] wfGb}g . a]nfOtdf #) b]lv $) jif{leqsf dflg; k|wfgdGqL x'G5g\ . &÷* jif{ sfd ul/;s]kl5 x/fP/ hfG5g\ . To;kl5 gofF k':tf cfpF5 . xfdLsxfF To;f] x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . xfdLsxfFsf ePsf ;+:yfx? klg sdhf]/ ePsf x'g\ < xfdLn] xfd|f ;+:yfx?nfO{ alnof] agfpg' k¥of] . xfdLn] ljsf;sf] s'/f ubf{ d'n'sdf ePsf ;+:yfsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f klxnf] zt{ xf] . /fli6«otf / ljsf;sf] zª\v km'Sg gyfSg] t/ /fli6«otf alnof] kfg]{

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Survey

Transparency Internationl Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 Vicious circle of corruption and inequality must be tackled Rise of populist politicians in many countries is a warning signal Berlin, 25 January 2017 – 2016 showed that around the world systemic corruption and social inequality reinforce each other, leading to popular disenchantment with political establishments and providing a fertile ground for the rise of populist politicians. 69 per cent of the 176 countries on the Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 scored below 50, on a scale from 0 (perceived to be highly corrupt) to 100

(perceived to be very clean), exposing how massive and pervasive public sector corruption is around the world. This year more countries declined in the index than improved, showing the need for urgent action. No equal opportunities for all Corruption and inequality feed off each other, creating a vicious circle between corruption, unequal distribution of power in society, and unequal

Populism is the wrong medicine People are fed up by too many politicians’ empty assurances to tackle corruption and many are turning towards populist politicians who promise to change the system and break the cycle of corruption and privilege. Yet this is likely to only exacerbate the issue. “In countries with populist or autocratic leaders, we often see democracies in decline and a disturbing pattern of attempts to crack down on civil society, limit press freedom, and weaken the independence of the judiciary. Instead of tackling crony capitalism, those leaders usually install even worse forms of corrupt systems,” said Ugaz. “Only where there is freedom of expression, transparency in all political processes and strong democratic institutions, can civil society and the media hold those in power to account and corruption be fought successfully.” The index scores of Hungary and Turkey –

countries that have seen the rise of autocratic leaders – have dropped in recent years. In contrast, the score of Argentina, which has ousted a populist government, is starting to improve. What needs to be done Technical fixes to specific anti-corruption legislation are not enough. What is urgently needed are deep-rooted systemic reforms that even up the growing imbalance of power and wealth by empowering citizens to stop the widespread impunity for corruption, hold the powerful to account, and have a real say in the decisions that affect their daily lives. These reforms must include the disclosure through public registries of who owns companies as well as sanctions for professional enablers who are complicit in moving corrupt money flows across borders.

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Survey distribution of wealth. As the Panama Papers showed, it is still far too easy for the rich and powerful to exploit the opaqueness of the global financial system to enrich themselves at the expense of the public good. “In too many countries, people are deprived of their most basic needs and go to bed hungry every night because of corruption, while the powerful and corrupt enjoy lavish lifestyles with impunity,” said José Ugaz, Chair of Transparency International. “We do not have the luxury of time. Corruption needs to be fought with urgency, so that the lives of people across the world improve,” added Ugaz. Grand corruption cases, from Petrobras and Odebrecht in Brazil to Ukrainian ex-President

The results The Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 covers perceptions of public sector corruption in 176 countries. Click here for the full index. Denmark and New Zealand perform best with scores of 90, closely followed by Finland (89) and Sweden (88). Although no country is free of corruption, the countries at the top share characteristics of open government, press freedom, civil liberties and independent judicial systems. For the tenth year running, Somalia is the worst performer on the index, this year scoring only 10. South Sudan is second to bottom with a score of 11, followed by North Korea (12) and Syria (13). Countries at the bottom of the index are characterised by widespread impunity for corruption, poor governance and weak institutions. Countries in troubled regions, particularly in the Middle East, have seen the most substantial drops this year. Qatar is the biggest decliner compared to the 2015 index with a drop of 10 scores. “The

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Viktor Yanukovych, show how collusion between businesses and politicians denies national economies of billions of dollars of revenues that were siphoned off to benefit the few at the expense of the many. This kind of systemic grand corruption violates human rights, prevents sustainable development and fuels social exclusion. Brazil’s score on the index, for example, has significantly declined compared to five years ago as one corruption scandal after another involving top politicians and businesspeople was uncovered. Yet the country has shown this year that through the work of independent law enforcement bodies it is possible to hold to account those previously considered untouchable.9

FIFA scandals, the investigations into the decision to host the World Cup in 2022 in Qatar and reports of human rights abuses for migrant workers have clearly affected the perception of the country,” said Ugaz. Embargoed until 5am Berlin time (4am GMT) on 25 January 2017 ### Transparency International is the global civil society organisation leading the fight against corruption. Media contacts: Natalie Baharav T: +49 30 34 38 20 666 E: press@ transparency.org For daily anti-corruption updates follow us on: Twitter: twitter.com/anticorruption Facebook: facebook.com/transparencyinternational Instagram: instagram.com/transparency_ international Or subscribe to: transparency. org/getinvolved/stayinformed

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Report

A Study On The Hydropower Energy Sector In Nepal

epalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hydropower generating capacity of major river basins is said to be 83,290MW of which 42,133MW is deemed economically feasible to harness. As of now, Nepal has exploited only 776MW (1.80%) of its total generation capacity. The two major players in the hydropower sector are the Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) and Independent Power Producers (IPP's), with the NEA owning 65% of all hydropower projects in operations and IPP's controlling the remaining 35%. Policy formulation Policy and regulation making in Nepal is relatively a centralized process. Most of the policies that are formulated follow a top down approach. The Ministry of Energy (MoE) is the apex policy formulation body. It is responsible for formulating the policies, plans and its implementation for conservation, regulation and utilization of the energy sector. Ministry of Finance (MoF) deals with the subsidies and taxation policies. Besides these government agencies, organizations like Alternative Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC) are also utilized to structure the policies in the energy sector. Major policies governing the sector The Electricity Act 1992 and Electricity Regulation 1993, are the main legislations governing the hydropower sector in Nepal. The Electricity Act 1992 covers all issues in regards to survey, generation and distribution of electricity along with the licensing terms and regulations. The Electricity Regulation 1993 supports the act and sets out procedures for obtaining licenses for hydropower projects. While these acts are still in power, the Electricity Act 1992 and its regulation have often been criticized when it comes to licensing issues, royalty payments and unclear policy directives. The Hydropower Policy 1992 was announced after the establishment of democracy in Nepal in 1990. It was established with the aim of creating

an investment-friendly environment to encourage rapid development of hydropower sector in the country and to encourage involvement of the private investors as well. The policy has been considered progressive with measures regarding generation license validity and income tax holidays warmly welcomed by investors. While considered progressive, the policy has also been described as being limited in scope. The Hydropower Policy 1992 was revised and replaced by the Hydropower Policy 2001. The main goals of this policy were to develop hydropower as an exportable commodity, generate electricity at low cost by utilizing water resources, tie-up electrification with economic activities and extend reliable and qualitative electric service throughout Nepal at a reasonable price. The policy has been directly responsible for increased power generationand private sector encouragement in hydropower development and capacity building. The policy, however, has been criticized for having inconsistencies with 1992 policy and for failing to deliver on certain provisions set out in it. While the Hydropower Development Policy and Electricity Acts deals mainly with the hydropower development and electricity usage, the Water Resources Act 1992 and Water Resources Strategy 2002 are concerned mostly with development and use of water resources in Nepal. The Water Resource Act 1992 gives priority to use of water for drinking purposes over any other domestic and commercial use, whereas the Water Resources Strategy 2002 is concerned with the overall development of water resources in Nepal and has formulated 10 different strategies to meet it. Issues of accountability, integrity and transparency in the hydropower sector Nepal has been plagued with issues of lack of accountability, integrity and transparency which in turn is hampering the overall development of 6ÂŤfG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf] a'n]l6g

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Report the country. Currently ranked as the third most corrupt nation in South Asia, lack of transparency and accountability is an issue that needs to be resolved. Impact of lack of accountability, integrity and transparency on the Hydropower Sector

• Cost and time overrun can have detrimental effects on the overall profitability and efficiency of the project • Compromise on quality of products and services • Low level of integrity and trust • Foreign and domestic investors are discouraged from investing in the sector • Current load shedding problem faced by the country Source: Developing a Strategy to Promote Transparency, Integrity and Accountability in Nepal's Water Sector, WIN, 2010

Table 1: Ways to promote accountability, integrity and transparency in Nepal's water sector Changes to PPA and pricing methods

• More scientific, practical and receptive PPA's should be considered • Pricing can be linked to some scientific index to increase credibility • Electricity should be charged as a commodity

Role of Government and Integrity Pacts

• Integrity Pacts should also be considered as an option • Public procurement should be made more transparent, systematic and uniform • Establishment of sub-sectoral ministries should be considered • Greater inspection of hydropower projects • FDI approval process should be simplified for hydropower projects

Project Completion Reports

• Project specifics and procedures should be documented upon completion for future usage

• A move from denial to acceptance of such problems and building of a coalition

Strengthening Accountability

of management, employees and consumers in regards to solving the problem of corruption is also essential

Source: Developing a Strategy to Promote Transparency, Integrity and Accountability in Nepal's Water Sector, WIN, 2010

Risk areas and mitigation measures As with any form of investment, the hydropower sector also carries immense risk to investors and other players in the sector. Listed below is a brief overview of the risks prevalent in the hydropower sector and some mitigation measures to correct it. Table 2: Risk areas in the hydropower sector and mitigation measures Risk Areas

Fiduciary Risk

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Background

• NEA related inefficiencies • Corruption • Preference to low cost bidder • NEA cost overrun issue

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Mitigation Measure

• The Fiduciary Risk Reduction Action Plan • Changes in procurement plan

Report

Political & Governance Risk

• Changing government, changing pri- • Political unity orities • Unbundling of NEA • Political interference Bureaucratic • Risk sharing mechanisms hurdles

• Multiple institutions involved

Sector Strategies & Policies Risk

• Inconsistent policies • Outdated acts and polices • Planning deficiencies • Lack of regulatory body • Government failure in achieving goals • Slow adoption of act and policies

• Implementing the holistic basin wise devel-

• Off-taker issue • Weak project development agree-

• Open access for IPP's • Drafting of standardized PPA should be

ments

opment concept

• Reconciling the current conflicts in act and regulations

• Shortening of procedures • Update policies and acts • Set achievable goals

considered

• Institutional reform to improve NEA's fi-

Institutional Risk

nancial performance

• Transmission and distribution should be open to the private sector

Financial Risk

• IPP's unable to raise the required • Better fund structures should be developed capital • Rate of revenue should be denominated in • Foreign exchange risk foreign currency • Interest rate risk • Sign long term PPA with the NEA • Market risk • Reduce high distribution losses incurred by NEA

Recommendations This section highlights some key macro-level recommendations to further the development of the hydropower sector in Nepal. Recommendations include methods to solve institutional and legal issues faced by the sector; ways to solve the demand supply mismatch and directions to create a better financial climate for hydropower investors. The table below gives a brief insight into the recommendations underlined in this report. Table 3: Recommendations to improve the hydropower sector

Institutional and Legal

• Formation of an effective "one-window" institution • Define clearer terms of reference for institutions • Restructuring the NEA

Solving the Supply-Side Issue

• Issues regarding PPA rates need to be resolved • Revisit demand forecasts • Energy bank between India and Nepal should be established efficiently • Pursue micro-hydropower projects

Other Recommendations

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