1_9788411831901 by Editorial Tirant Lo Blanch

ACCESO GRATIS a la Lectura en la Nube

Para visualizar el libro electrónico en la nube de lectura envíe junto a su nombre y apellidos una fotografía del código de barras situado en la contraportada del libro y otra del ticket de compra a la dirección:

ebooktirant@tirant.com

En un máximo de 72 horas laborables le enviaremos el código de acceso con sus instrucciones.

La visualización del libro en NUBE DE LECTURA excluye los usos bibliotecarios y públicos que puedan poner el archivo electrónico a disposición de una comunidad de lectores. Se permite tan solo un uso individual y privado

The Breakthrough of the Social

COMITÉ CIENTÍFICO DE LA EDITORIAL TIRANT HUMANIDADES Manuel Asensi Pérez

Catedrático de Teoría de la Literatura y de la Literatura Comparada Universitat de València

Ramón Cotarelo

Catedrático de Ciencia Política y de la Administración de la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología de la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

M.ª Teresa Echenique Elizondo Catedrática de Lengua Española Universitat de València

Juan Manuel Fernández Soria

Catedrático de Teoría e Historia de la Educación Universitat de València

Pablo Oñate Rubalcaba

Catedrático de Ciencia Política y de la Administración Universitat de València

Joan Romero

Catedrático de Geografía Humana Universitat de València

Juan José Tamayo

Director de la Cátedra de Teología y Ciencias de las Religiones Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

Procedimiento de selección de originales, ver página web: www.tirant.net/index.php/editorial/procedimiento-de-seleccion-de-originales

016949.indb 4

22/2/23 8:59

Jana Mali, Vito Flaker, David Kergel, Ignacio Martínez-Morales (eds.)

The Breakthrough of the Social

tirant humanidades Valencia, 2023

Copyright ® 2023 Todos los derechos reservados. Ni la totalidad ni parte de este libro puede reproducirse o transmitirse por ningún procedimiento electrónico o mecánico, incluyendo fotocopia, grabación magnética, o cualquier almacenamiento de información y sistema de recuperación sin permiso escrito de los autores y del editor. En caso de erratas y actualizaciones, la Editorial Tirant Humanidades publicará la pertinente corrección en la página web www.tirant.com.

© TIRANT HUMANIDADES EDITA: TIRANT HUMANIDADES C/ Artes Gráficas, 14 - 46010 - Valencia TELFS.: 96/361 00 48 - 50 FAX: 96/369 41 51 Email:tlb@tirant.com www.tirant.com Librería virtual: www.tirant.es DEPÓSITO LEGAL: V-3693-2023 ISBN: 978-84-1183-190-1 Si tiene alguna queja o sugerencia, envíenos un mail a: atencioncliente@tirant. com. En caso de no ser atendida su sugerencia, por favor, lea en www.tirant. net/index.php/empresa/politicas-de-empresa nuestro Procedimiento de quejas. Responsabilidad Social Corporativa: http://www.tirant.net/Docs/RSCTirant.pdf

Índice Foreword.......................................................................................................................... Mariángeles Molpeceres, Ignacio Martínez-Morales, & Fernando Marhuenda-Fluixá

Introduction................................................................................................................... Jana Mali, Vito Flaker, David Kergel, Ignacio Martínez-Morales

Part I. Epistemological Founding of ‘the Social’ Chapter 1. Social work is the art of remaining human in the inhuman conditions....................................................................................................................... Vito Flaker Introduction................................................................................................................. Inappropriate knowledge.................................................................................... Negative synergies of the retreat..................................................................... What social work needs…?................................................................................... Talking.................................................................................................................. Learning – to learn how to........................................................................ Access to resources....................................................................................... The definition of social work as an ideal type and an assemblage....................................................................................................... Basic differential features........................................................................... Basic social work operations.................................................................... Towards a taxonomy of social work and social care............................... Need for syntax............................................................................................... From a semantic structure to the syntax of action....................... Intensity of the intervening into the life-world......................................... The Arc of help........................................................................................................... 16 propositions of action on diverse intensities of intervention...... Ownership of resources........................................................................................ Welfare matrix.................................................................................................. Movements....................................................................................................... From the welfare regimes to the welfare without a regime.... Axes of bailing out the people................................................................ Categorical imperatives of freedom and solidarity................................ References....................................................................................................................

23 23 24 25 26 26 26 26 26 27 27 29 30 30 31 32 34 36 36 36 37 37 39 39

Chapter 2. Arendt’s social: The moral cul-de-sac of modernity............................. Ronald C. Arnett

Arendt’s Social: The Moral Cul-de-Sac of Modernity............................ References....................................................................................................................

41 60

Chapter 3. The second paradox.................................................................................................. Bill Thompson

Verse One..................................................................................................................... Verse Two...................................................................................................................... Verse Three.................................................................................................................. Conclusion.................................................................................................................... References....................................................................................................................

64 65 67 69 74

Chapter 4. Deinstitutionalisation as a machine................................................................ Vito Flaker

Introduction................................................................................................................. Total institution as an assemblage and an abstract machine........... Deinstitutionalisation.............................................................................................. Challenges.................................................................................................................... Need for transversal action.................................................................................. References....................................................................................................................

77 83 87 95 98 100

Chapter 5.

eParticipation and social work – Towards an ethics-orientated approach.......................................................................................................................... David Kergel & Birte Heidkamp-Kergel

105

Introduction................................................................................................................. The Will as ethical Foundation of Social Work.......................................... eParticipation and Social Work – some heuristic Considerations... eParticipation in Practice...................................................................................... Outlook – some final remarks............................................................................ References....................................................................................................................

105 106 107 109 110 110

Index

Part II. International and transdisciplinary Perspectives on Social Work in Practice Chapter 6. Intersectionality, human rights and social work: Invisible intersections of vulnerability as a potential threat to the full realisation of human rights for refugees with disabilities................. Marketa Bacakova Introduction................................................................................................................. Social work, vulnerability and human rights.............................................. Social work as a human-rights profession........................................ Vulnerability as a human rights concept........................................... Intersections of vulnerability: Challenges experienced by refugees with disabilities............................................................................ Legal protection.............................................................................................. Access to protection..................................................................................... Refugee rights...................................................................................... Rights to sustenance......................................................................... Right to education.............................................................................. Right to work......................................................................................... Conclusion.................................................................................................................... References....................................................................................................................

115 115 116 117 118 122 123 124 125 128 129 130 131 132

Chapter 7. Gerontology and social work with older people: Inseparable sciences with specific fields of ageing study............................................ Jana Mali Introduction: The development of the science of ageing and old age................................................................................................................. The main gerontology theories......................................................................... Biological theories of ageing.................................................................... Psychological theories of ageing........................................................... Sociological theories of ageing............................................................... Social Gerontology........................................................................................ The period of traditional gerontological theories............... The period of the impact of modernism on theories of old age and ageing.......................................................... The late modern period...................................................................

137

137 140 140 141 141 142 143 144 145

Index

Social work with older people........................................................................... Conclusion: The conceptualisation of social work with older people.................................................................................................................. References....................................................................................................................

148 153 155

Chapter 8. Relationships on trial? Parents and their encounters with child welfare services in Norway................................................................................... Nina S. Skjefstad, Mari Nordstrand, Edgar Marthinsen & Kristin Viggen

159

Introduction................................................................................................................. Relationships in child welfare............................................................................. Method.......................................................................................................................... Group selection and interviews.............................................................. Ethical considerations.................................................................................. Analysis................................................................................................................ Findings and discussion........................................................................................ Yearning for close relations.................................................................................. Disagreement............................................................................................................. Fragmented help...................................................................................................... Final reflections.......................................................................................................... Conclusion.................................................................................................................... References....................................................................................................................

159 161 163 163 166 166 167 167 170 173 174 176 176

Chapter 9. Navigating between welfare and workfare: Constraints and challenges for social work institutions providing inclusion through employment.............................................................................................. Mariángeles Molpeceres, Ignacio Martínez-Morales, Juan José Zacarés & Fernando Marhuenda-Fluixá Introduction................................................................................................................. The third sector of social action in Spain...................................................... Two traditions in the foundation of social action third sector......................................................................................................... Setting up a public welfare system...................................................... Towards a mixed welfare system........................................................... The third sector facing the financial crisis.................................................... Trends and transformations in third sector institutions which engaged in inclusion through employment.................................... Changes in the conception of inclusion through employment.......

Index

181

181 182 182 183 183 184 186 186

Changes in stake holding systems and arrangements........................ Innovation, research, and development....................................................... Changes in management and accountability procedures................. Changes in productive sectors and occupational domains............... Concluding remarks. Opportunities for research and innovation... References....................................................................................................................

191 194 196 200 202 208

Chapter 10. Reconsidering active employment policies and the mission of non-for-profit organisations in Spain............................................................ Carmen Montalba & Fernando Marhuenda-Fluixá Introduction................................................................................................................. The 1980s. Emergence: Strategies to exit the crisis................................ The 1990s. Boosting active labour market policies in a flexible market: From initial training to lifelong learning............................ The turn of the century. Difficult articulation of economic, employment and social policies............................................................. 2008-2023: From the Great Financial Crisis and austerity policies to the Next Generation response to the Covid-19 pandemic crisis................................................................................................ Assessment of changes and trends in Active Employment Policies. References.................................................................................................................... Legal references......................................................................................................... Spain..................................................................................................236 Europe.......................................................................................................

215 215 216 220 225

228 230 234 236 238

Chapter 11. Economic aspects of financial inclusion through FinTech................. Johannes Treu

241

Introduction................................................................................................................. Financial inclusion and FinTech.......................................................................... Development, definition and description of financial inclusion................................................................................................... Strategies and institutional implementation of financial inclusion................................................................................................... The FinTech phenomenon......................................................................... Contribution of FinTech to financial inclusion................................. Summary....................................................................................................................... References....................................................................................................................

241 243 243 248 253 257 262 263

Index

Chapter 12. The actiotope model: Explaining successful talent development in Kenya among the marginalized.................................... Marcin Gierczyk & David Rempel Introduction................................................................................................................. Types of Learning Capitals........................................................................ Talent development...................................................................................... Materials and Methods.......................................................................................... Research design and method................................................................. Research sample............................................................................................ Data collection and processing............................................................... Results............................................................................................................................ Support and Social Factors (Social Educational Capital)........... Support, Social Factors and Environment (Social Educational Capital)........................................................................... Support, Social and Family Factors (Social and cultural Education Capital)............................................................................... Support, Peers (Cultural and Social Education Capital)............. Support and Encouragement................................................................. Discipline and the development of Intellect (Learning Capital Development)....................................................................... Extra-Curricular Programs (Learning Capital Development)... Physical Fitness Organismic Learning Capital................................. Goal Setting Telic Learning Capital....................................................... Discussion..................................................................................................................... Conclusions................................................................................................................. Limitations.................................................................................................................... References....................................................................................................................

269 269 270 272 273 273 274 275 276 276 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 282 285 286 286 287

Chapter 13.

Is there a deficit in the quality of services in social work centers in Slovenia?................................................................................................... Simon Colnar, Vlado Dimovski

291

Introduction................................................................................................................. Theory............................................................................................................................. Quality of Services in Social Work......................................................... Burnout, Lack of Personnel and Turnover in Social Work......... Role of Knowledge Management in Social Work.........................

291 294 294 296 298

Index

Methodology.............................................................................................................. Study Design.................................................................................................... Research Setting and Selection of Interviewees........................... Data Collection................................................................................................ Data Analysis, Validity and Reliability................................................... Results............................................................................................................................ Quality of Services in Social Work Centers in Slovenia.............. Burnout, Lack of Personnel and Turnover in Social Work Centers in Slovenia............................................................................. Discussion..................................................................................................................... Theoretical Implications.............................................................................. Practical Implications.................................................................................... Limitations and Future Research Directions.................................... Conclusions................................................................................................................. References....................................................................................................................

300 300 301 302 303 304 305

Authors’ short biographies...................................................................................

321

306 308 308 310 311 312 312

Index

Foreword Mariángeles Molpeceres, Ignacio Martínez-Morales, & Fernando Marhuenda-Fluixá This book is about social work and the challenges it faces in a complex world where the welfare state cannot be taken for granted any longer. Well into the 21st century, public administration cannot retire from the control and supervision of social services, though the emergence of the market as a service provider and the relevant weight of the voluntary sector, particularly in Mediterranean countries like Spain, is forcing the State to reconsider its role. Relations among the market, the social initiative and the public administrations are built around tensions and compromises, and they are in constant rearrangement, trying not only to keep relative stability and balance but also to justify their own position before the other stakeholders as well as the citizens whose needs they serve and those who can fund the services they provide. These tensions and compromises, when addressing the provision of training for work, are at the core of the research proposal conducted by Mariángeles Molpeceres and Fernando Marhuenda-Fluixá (PID2021125912OB-I00)1. Two papers in this volume are behind this proposal, one being the seminal idea of the research and the other portraying its first analysis and constituting the framework for the empirical results we are already gathering. Social Work has evolved alongside the rise of the Welfare State, and this is now subject to new challenges. With the shift of the century, we

This research funded by the Spanish Government, ref. PID2021-125912OB-IOO, is titled Cambios en la misión institucional y las bases de la implicación en el Tercer Sector de Acción Social – Formación para el empleo. "funded by MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and by FEDER "Una manera de hacer Europa, UE"

Foreword

are witnessing radical changes in labour relations and social structures. Globalisation and digitalisation have altered the compromise between working class, middle classes, and the capital owners. Capital mobility is much faster and viable than human mobility, and while money travels migration movements are constrained and prosecuted. The precarisation of work has brought alongside the precarisation of life. It is here that social work needs to be reconsidered, and those who set up the basis for its development in the second half and the last third of the 20th century are facing their generational replacement nowadays. The emphasis that the civil society laid on democratization, participation and the common good is now at stake due to the commodification of goods and marketization of the satisfaction of basic needs: health, education and pensions are becoming increasingly privatized globally and social services have been severely affected by austerity measures. The New Public Management seems to be replacing the 20th century social contract, where employment played a major role, given the circumstances around it: working hours, decent wages, holidays, social coverage, access to goods, … This being the current context, the volume addresses the need to rethink the foundations of the social, where citizenship and Modernity are subject to reframing; and it does so by looking at international and interdisciplinary perspectives along the life-span.

Mariángeles Molpeceres, Ignacio Martínez & Fernando Marhuenda-Fluixá

Introduction Jana Mali, Vito Flaker, David Kergel, Ignacio Martínez-Morales Social work is a broad term that encompasses an equally broad field of activity, ranging from early childhood education to a reflective approach to adultism, from preventive educational work to solidaritybased interaction with excluded actors. Despite this breadth of social work, basic profile dimensions of social work can be identified. These basic profile dimensions are in tension with each other. -

Social work focuses on the social production and reproduction of social inequalities. It is supposed to contribute to integration, adaptation, and coping where people are pushed out of systems (work, community, home, family, etc.) or marginalized, get into a psycho-social crisis, and/or can no longer cope in precarious circumstances. This is often related to the empowerment of marginalized actors and the involvement of emancipatory social movements.

At the same time, social work is supposed to normalize or control. Social work is involved in the constructions of difference and attributions themselves. This happens in the whole range of its organizations and fields of action and there in specific ways, i.e., in invocations and articulations in everyday life of addressees, argumentative reassurances among professionals, justifications recorded in files, internal discussions on organizational development, professional statements in expert opinions as well as in thematizations in associations and local politics, and so on.

To deal appropriately with the tension between social work profile dimensions, social work needs a scientific foundation based. Social work is the theory of practice as well as theory-based practice. As a science of action, social work in the digital age faces the challenge of responding to the mediatization process of digitalization in a value-

Introduction

oriented way. To be able to do this, it is necessary to reaffirm one’s ethics and one’s understanding of values in terms of professional theory. For example, suppose social work is understood as a value-guided science of reflection and action as well as a form of ethical practice. In that case, the professional-theoretical challenge arises to define the constellation of relationships between social workers and actors or ‘clients’ in a powercritical way. The reflexive examination is done in the courses of the IUC school Social Work theory and practice. These courses have been held for decades at The Inter-University Centre Dubrovnik (IUC). The Inter-University Centre Dubrovnik (IUC)is an independent international institution for advanced studies. Its objective is to encourage, promote and implement cooperation among students and scholars through projects, study programs, courses, and conferences across a wide range of academic concerns. Participants come from universities and other scientific institutions worldwide. Founded in 1971, at the height of the Cold War, the IUC became an essential venue for exchanging ideas across various divides, between East and West, North and South. Based in Dubrovnik, formerly a selfgoverning Mediterranean city-state at the crossroads of varying cultural and political concerns, the IUC builds on its achievements and traditions in facing new challenges in a rapidly changing global environment. Maintaining high standards of free and independent scholarship, the IUC is dedicated to network building for peaceful co-existence and pluralism regionally and internationally. Over the years, more than 65,000 scholars and students have contributed to the work of the IUC. Social work has a long history at the Inter-University Center in Dubrovnik. The Centre provides a post-graduate level set of social work courses for social work professors and students and practitioners and service-users. The courses provide an excellent opportunity to discuss contemporary social work issues while in a pleasant environment and with good people. What makes the courses different is the environment in which they are held and their pace

Jana Mali, Vito Flaker, David Kergel & Ignacio Martínez-Morales

and depth. In contrast with more impersonal conferences and congresses, spending a week in a company of other engaged people enables indepth dialogue and discourse whilst facilitating the development of productive and collaborative relationships.The interaction between theory-based practice or a theory of practice is achieved in the courses. Thereby, a nexus between scientific theory work and concrete practice requirements are established. This nexus is part of the e present volume. The structure of the volume reflects the dialectic between theory and practice. Besides the first section, which provides an epistemological framing, the second section contains international contributions that provides an international analysis of social work in practice. In the epistemological discussion, the concepts of social and participation are explored in a differentiated manner–primarily based on a critical analysis paradigm. The conceptual reconstruction work also provides a normative foundation for social work as a practical science. In this way, theoretically sound perspectives on social work practice are developed in times of social transformations, erosion of civil society cohesion and the digital restructuring of the lifeworld. The practice-oriented examination of social work reverses this path of epistemology. Based on practical experiences, the lessons learned will be reflected upon in a multi-professional and interdisciplinary manner and processed in a theory-building manner. In doing so, the implications drawn from practice are related in an action-oriented way to micro- mesoand macrolevel. The concept of the social in its diversity between theory and practice, interdisciplinary and multi-professional approaches, forms the content bracket of this volume.

Introduction