Precedent Study San Francisco Federal Building

EN S EP H ST TR EV O R re

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Precedent Study

San Francisco Federal Building

Precedent Study San Francisco Federal Building NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents

Trevor Stephens

Portland State University School of Architecture

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 1

Introduction to SFFB Misc Pictures Misc Diagrams Facade Details Building Elevation & Sections Hybridized image / drawing

3 4 5 6 7

Design Analysis 8 9 10-12 13-18 19-22 23-26 27

Trevor Stephens

Life Safety Accessibility Structural Systems Environmental Systems Building Envelope Systems Building Service Systems Bibliography

NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 2

Title Page & Table of Contents: http://morphopedia.com/projects/San-francis co-federal-building/gallery/images/1/ Left: https://www.flickr.com/photos/atelier79033/3225402582/in/photostream/ Center top: http://www.barbakoffdesign.com/up loads/2/9/6/0/2960116/360475.jpg?457 Right top: http://overpasses.rssing.com/chan-1775178/all_p50.html Right bottom: http://morphopedia.com/projects/san-francisco-federal-building

Assignment 1 - Precedent Selection and Documentation

NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents

Trevor Stephens

Misc Photos

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 3

Misc Diagrams

CROSS VENTILATION

Left & Right Diagrams: http://morphopedia.com/projects/san-francisco- federal-building

Assignment 1 - Precedent Selection and Documentation

NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents

Trevor Stephens

SKIP STOP CIRCULATION

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 4

Facade Details

H D

A

B

I

J

E

G 13’

C F

Left & Middle Drawings: Moe, Kiel. Integrated design in contemporary archi tecture. New York, N.Y.: Princeton Architectural Press, 2008. Print.

Right Bottom: http://morphopedia.com/projects/san-francisco-federal-building

7’-4”

B C D E

steel sunshade panels Galvanized - steel tube frame Steel suspension rod Galvanized steel grate catwalk Insulating glass

F Operable out

swinging windows

Trevor Stephens

A Perforated stainless

G Extruded aluminum

unit frame H Radiator I Reinforced

concrete slab J Raised floor

Assignment 1 - Precedent Selection and Documentation

NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 5

Building Elevation & Sections

SECTION 1 Images & Drawings: http://morphopedia.com/projects/San-francis

co-federal-building

Assignment 1 - Precedent Selection and Documentation

NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents

Trevor Stephens

SECTION 2

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 6

Trevor Stephens

Hybridized image / drawing

Assignment 1 - Precedent Selection and Documentation

NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 7

Life Safety Occupancies: Group B Construction Type: 1A 35

%

O

ve

Plumbing Chase

ra

ll d

iag

165’

Vertical Circulation

on

al

Lobby 85’ Max egress

54’

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

TOWER FLOOR PLAN

SKIP STOP CIRCULATION

Assignment 4 - Life Safety

NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents NAAB SPC B.5. - Life Safety

Trevor Stephens

LOWER LEVEL FLOOR PLAN

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 8

Street Access

Parking Access

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

THIRD FLOOR PLAN TOWER Plumbing Chase 5’ Turning Radius Vertical Circulation Lobby

Assignment 5 - Accessibility

NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents NAAB SPC B.2. - Accessibility

Trevor Stephens

LOWER LEVEL FLOOR PLAN

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 9

T H D

T

I

J

C C A

B

E

C

G 13’

C F T

Steel Construction Pin and moment connections on the steel frames and shading devices. The entire facade other than the glass is built out of steel.

T C C

A Perforated stainless B C D E

steel sunshade panels Galvanized - steel tube frame Steel suspension rod Galvanized steel grate catwalk Insulating glass

F Operable out G H I J

swinging windows Extruded aluminum unit frame Radiator Reinforced concrete slab Raised floor

Assignment 8 - Precedent: Structural Systems

T = Tension C = Compression

Left: http://www.treehugger.com/sustainable-product-design/san-francisco- federal-building.html Right: https://www.flickr.com/photos/43355952@N06/galleries /72157623099832476/

NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents NAAB SPC B.9. - Structural Systems

Trevor Stephens

C

T

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 10

Concrete Construction

All Photos: https://www.flickr.com/photos/digitofu/153351781/

Assignment 8 - Precedent: Structural Systems

NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents NAAB SPC B.9. - Structural Systems

Trevor Stephens

Construction photos showing the concrete ceiling and columns. The bottom photos show the raised floor.

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 11

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

THIRD FLOOR PLAN TOWER

Structural Grid Shear Walls

Assignment 8 - Precedent: Structural Systems

NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents NAAB SPC B.9. - Structural Systems

Trevor Stephens

LOWER LEVEL FLOOR PLAN

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 12

AVERAGE TEMPERATURES 90oF Daily high

80oF 70oF

Average

60 F o

50oF

100%

40 F o

30oF 20oF

Climate Data

SUNSHINE

Daily low

US average

90% City

80%

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

70%

PRECIPITATION

San Francisco is generally dry during summer and moist cool winters. The city is surrounded by three bodies of water which are all cold Pacific water from the ocean currents. This creates a very constant temperature swing throughout the year creating a year round climate that has little variation.

60%

6 in

US average

50%

5 in

40% City Average

4 in

30%

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

3 in

CLOUDY DAYS

2 in 1 in 0 in

US average

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

HUMIDITY 100%

City morning

90% 80%

City afternoon

70%

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

Days clear of clouds Partly cloudy days Cloudy days

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Days with Precipitation

50%

US morning average

40% 30% 20%

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Assignment 10 - Precedent: Environmental Systems

US afternoon average All charts: http://www.city-data.com/city/San-Francisco-California.html

NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents NAAB SPC B.8. - Environmental Systems

Trevor Stephens

60%

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 13

Day lighting & Artificial Lighting The four photos to the left begin to show how light in transferred into the spaces. The large lobby space utilizes an unusually tall angled facade and skylight to bring in light while evenly diffusing light with fluorescent lighting where needed.

The higher floors have two very different facades that are both designed to bring in as much light as possible, while blocking excessive heat gains from direct sun. The southern side uses hundreds of vertical glass sunshades to block the direct sun from the morning, while the northern side uses a permeable metal panel system to shade the interior.

Top left: http://staceyprado1227.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/s7e1797.jpg Top right: http://static.zhulong.com/photo/small/200905/20/261990_16_0_0_ 560_w_0.jpg Bottom left & right: http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/place/article/TOWER ING-EXPECTATIONS-S-F-s-new-federal-2615184.php

Assignment 10 - Precedent: Environmental Systems

NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents NAAB SPC B.8. - Environmental Systems

Trevor Stephens

The concrete ceilings (bottom left) are designed to use less concrete than a solid slab while giving more curtain wall exposure for more day light.

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 14

Assignment 10 - Precedent: Environmental Systems

NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents NAAB SPC B.8. - Environmental Systems

Trevor Stephens

Diagram: http://morphopedia.com/projects/san-francisco-federal-building

SECTION 1

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 15

Strong Fast wind

Slow Calm wind Diagram: http://morphopedia.com/projects/san-francisco-federal-building Graph: http://www.city-data.com/city/San-Francisco-California.html

WIND SPEED (MPH) 13 12 Ventilating wind

11

City

10 8

US average

7 6 5

SITE PLAN Assignment 10 - Precedent: Environmental Systems

NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents NAAB SPC B.8. - Environmental Systems

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Trevor Stephens

9

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 16

Cross Ventilation

Diagram: http://morphopedia.com/projects/san-francisco-federal-building

SECTION 2 Assignment 10 - Precedent: Environmental Systems

NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents NAAB SPC B.8. - Environmental Systems

Trevor Stephens

Prevailing winds coming from the northwest, penetrating the facade of the building and channeling the warm air out of the building through the porch landings that protrude out every three floors.

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 17

Cross Ventilation The winds circulation pattern through three floors of connected office spaces and conference rooms.

High pressure

Diagram: http://morphopedia.com/projects/san-francisco-federal-building

SECTION 3 Assignment 10 - Precedent: Environmental Systems

NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents NAAB SPC B.8. - Environmental Systems

Trevor Stephens

Low pressure

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 18

Rain Screen Enclosure

Top left: http://kimsteelegreenblog.wordpress.com/2009/06/23/the-san- francisco-federal-building/ Top right, bottom left & bottom right: http://morphopedia.com/projects/san- francisco-federal-building

Assignment 12 - Precedent: Building Envelope Systems

NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents NAAB SPC B.10. - Building Envelope Systems

Trevor Stephens

The federal building is almost completely covered by a draped metal facade that shades the building from sun and rain. The enclosed curtain walled building is incased in either a perforated metal panel system or a structural system that holds up the vertical sunshades. This unitized system was fabricated off site, then transported to the site and hung on the buildings concrete and steel structural system.

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 19

Rain Screen Enclosure

Diagrams: http://morphopedia.com/projects/san-francisco-federal-building

Assignment 12 - Precedent: Building Envelope Systems

NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents NAAB SPC B.10. - Building Envelope Systems

Trevor Stephens

The four diagrams are showing the different sections of the perforated rain screen that covers the majority of the building.

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 20

Section: http://morphopedia.com/projects/san-francisco-federal-building

Assignment 12 - Precedent: Building Envelope Systems

NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents NAAB SPC B.10. - Building Envelope Systems

Trevor Stephens

BUILDING SECTION

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 21

Rain Screen Enclosure The detail shows the complexity of these systems.

Their sole purpose is to insulate and separate inside from outside. The unitized system is placed onto the concrete floor by a crane. Workers will then mount the panel to the concrete. The structural frame for the rain screen is then added. The rain screen itself is just perforated metal panels that are placed in courses like bricks. In these courses are imbedded operable “windows” of the perforated metal panels. These “windows” are electronically controlled to open at certain times of day for supplemental day light and ventilation.

ENCLOSURE SECTION Assignment 12 - Precedent: Building Envelope Systems

ENCLOSURE DETAIL NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents NAAB SPC B.10. - Building Envelope Systems

OPERABLE WINDOW DETAIL

Trevor Stephens

Details: http://morphopedia.com/projects/san-francisco-federal-building

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 22

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

THIRD FLOOR PLAN TOWER Plumbing Chase Mechanical Vertical Circulation Lobby

Assignment 16 - Precedent: Building Service Systems

NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents NAAB SPC B.11. - Building Service Systems

Trevor Stephens

LOWER LEVEL FLOOR PLAN

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 23

Electrical Systems

Top left & bottom left: http://www.flickr.com/photos/markhogan/1354534654 Top right: http://www.compu-site.com/products/raised-access-flooring/ Bottom right section: http://morphopedia.com/projects/san-francisco-federal- building

Assignment 16 - Precedent: Building Service Systems

NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents NAAB SPC B.11. - Building Service Systems

Trevor Stephens

The upper floors utilized a raised floor system so there is an unobstructed ceiling with the versatility that the raised floor allows. Floor panels are easily removed for altering the position of outlets or cables. This also helps with the creating an open office floor plan that makes the spaces very customizable for any client

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 24

Life Safety Systems The federal building uses a sprinkler system to aid in fire safety. All of the ceilings and facades are equipped with sprinkler heads to fully extinguish any fire on or in the building.

Trevor Stephens

Photos: http://www.flickr.com/photos/markhogan/1354534654 Bottom right detail: http://www.fire-chief.com/images/pass.gif

Assignment 16 - Precedent: Building Service Systems

NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents NAAB SPC B.11. - Building Service Systems

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 25

Skip Stop Circulation

Left: https://www.flickr.com/photos/43355952@N06/galleries /72157623099832476/ Right diagram: http://morphopedia.com/projects/san-francisco-federal-building

Assignment 16 - Precedent: Building Service Systems

NAAB SPC A.7. - Use of Precedents NAAB SPC B.11. - Building Service Systems

Trevor Stephens

The elevators in this building are designed to promote human interaction, and give the employees exercise throughout their day. The elevators literally only stop on every third floor. The employees then walk up the adjacent day lit stair wells that go to their next level.

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 26

• Allen, Edward, and Joseph Iano. The architect’s studio companion rules of thumb for preliminary design. 4th ed. New York: Wiley, 2006. Print.

• “Art and Architecture – San Francisco.” San Francisco Federal Building. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Aug. 2014. <http://www.artandarchitecture-sf.com/tag/skygarden>.

• “Assignment 8: Natural Ventilation in the San Francisco Federal Building.”

Spontaneous Notions. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Aug. 2014. <http://spontaneousnotions.wordpress.com/2012/11/15/assignment-8-natural-ventilation-in-the-sanfrancisco-federal-building/>.

• Ching, Frank, and Steven R. Winkel. Building codes illustrated a guide to understanding the 2012 International building code, fourth edition. 4th ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2012. Print.

• “Federal Building wall system.” Flickr. Yahoo!, n.d. Web. 25 Aug. 2014. <http:// www.flickr.com/photos/markhogan/1354534654>.

• Kestner, Dirk M.. Sustainability guidelines for the structural engineer. Reston, Va.: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. Print.

• “Mid-American Elevator Company.” Construction and New Installations. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Aug. 2014. <http://www.mid-americanelevator.com/construction.html>.

• Moe, Kiel. Integrated design in contemporary architecture. New York, N.Y.: Princeton Architectural Press, 2008. Print.

• Murray, Scott. Contemporary curtain wall architecture. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2009. Print.

• Ramsey, Charles George, Harold Reeve Sleeper, and John Ray Hoke. Ramsey/ Sleeper architectural graphic standards. 11th ed. New York: J. Wiley, 1994. Print.

• “San Francisco Federal Building.” Morphopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Aug. 2014. <http://morphopedia.com/projects/san-francisco-federal-building>.

• “San Francisco, California.” (CA) profile. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Aug. 2014. <http:// www.city-data.com/city/San-Francisco-California.html>.

• “The San Francisco Federal Building: A High Performance Sustainable Workplace?.” Blog · Ziger/Snead Architects. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Aug. 2014. <http:// www.zigersnead.com/current/blog/post/the-san-francisco-federal-building-ahigh-performance-sustainable-workplace/02-11-2008/818/>.

• “United States Federal Building - Morphosis.” arcspace. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Aug. 2014. <http://www.arcspace.com/features/morphosis/united-states-federal-building-/>.

NAAB SPC A.7 - Use of Precedents

Trevor Stephens

Bibliography

ARCH 586 Integrated Systems | Fall 2013 27

TREVOR STEPHENS

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