The Golden State by Trevor Wellman

trevor wellman

the golden state study

u r b a n w at e r - c o n s c i o u s b u i l d i n g s tat e g i e s

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ÂŠ 2015 the golden state

All rights reserved. This is a text document written for a senior thesis research and analysis study at Drury University. Information from this document will be used to determine the necessary strategies to make a successful senior studio project. Trevor Wellman Drury University Architecture & Graphic Design Springfield, MO 65806 Telephone: 417-213-2475 Printed in Missouri Publication design inspired by Kinfolk Magazine t h e g o l d e n s tat e

trevor wellman

the golden state study

u r b a n w at e r - c o n s c i o u s b u i l d i n g s tat e g i e s

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General

Backg r ound

The General sect i o n o f f er i n f o r m ation about the bo o k t hat m ay be come valuable as t he r eade r pr esses on. Also includes wr i t er â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s c l ai m s and goals for the boo k .

C al i f o r n i a m ay n o t be i n t he b est si t u at i o n r i g ht n o w, bu t S o u t her C al i f o r n i a i s m ak i n g s om e st r o n g st r i des at bec o m i n g m o r e wa t er i n de pen den t .

introduction:

c a l i f o r n i a w at e r m a n a g e m e n t :

Califor nia at its Wo r st

Lack o f I n f r ast r u c t u r e

b a c k g r o u n d s u m m a ry :

c a l i f o r n i a w at e r m a n a g e m e n t :

Lessons Lear ned

De pendenc y on Nor ther n Califor nia

c a s e s t u d y s u m m a ry :

the years without rain:

Key Diagrams

C au ses o f t he D r ou g ht

cover

credits

new technologies:

Bu i l di n g -l e v el S t r at eg i es 30

new technologies:

U r ban v s. M o der n Ag r i c t u l t u r e 32

b a c k g r o u n d s u m m a ry :

Lesso n s Lear n ed 36

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Case Study

Pr og ram

A str ong c la im needs some str ong exa mp les to suppor t it. Case studi es fr om N or ther n and Souther n C alifor nia a r e chosen as a basis f o r exc ellent models for the futur e.

The sec t i on n ex t sem est er c o u n t s o n t he m o st . Thi s i s wher e e v er yt hi n g bec om es c l ear an d a di r ec t i o n i s c ho sen . S an t a Bar bar a i s c hosen f o r var i ou s r easo n s. R ead why.

r at i o n a l e a n d c r i t e r i a :

D esir e for Residential

W hy S an t a Bar bar a?

y i n ya n g h o u s e :

c u lt u r a l c o n t e x t :

S i ngle-Fa mily Net-z er o

Ar c hi t ec t u r e, C u l t u r e, Li f est yl e

s w e e t w at e r s p e c t r u m :

s i t e l o c at i o n p r e c e d e n t s :

A dult Autism C ommunity

Ben ef i t s an d Weak n esses

ta s s a fa r o n g a v i l l a g e :

s i t e l o c at i o n :

L o w -I nc ome Ren ovation

Gen er al I n f o r m at i o n D i ag r am s

d av i d a n d l u c i l e pa c k a r d

Bu siness H ea d quar ters 64

c a s e s t u d y s u m m a ry :

K ey Dia g ra ms 72

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c a l i f o r n i a at i t s w o r s t

introduction California has been experiencing a drought for the past four years and has been in an exceptional to extreme drought for the past two. Unreliable water management systems and infrastructure has led to a large overuse of existing water over the past three decades. Many citizens and communities found themselves to have little to no water management, allowing them to use as much water as they want for as long as they want. It was not until recent years where the government has really started to enforce water-use laws and has made major attempts to drastically reduce the water usage in urban environments. There are three types of people in the current drought situation. The first is the water savvy person who wants to make a difference in his or her community by following the guidelines set by the government. The second is the overly rich who does not care how many fines he or she receives to maintain their picturesque acres of garden groves and lush, green grasses. Lastly, are the customers who have been caught in a downward spiral of water insufficiency. These people are located in towns which have little to no water remaining, relying on the rainfalls of winter or importing water from nearby states for an ungodly amount of money. Luckily, most of the citizens in California fall under the first category and want to see California survive through what could be the worst drought ever had by the state. Current water usage rates mixed with the anticipation of future water usage rates can either change this drought into an area of recovery and adaptation, or an area of water depletion and mass panic. Hopefully for the sake of California, the second does not occur. On the path the government and citizens have planned right now, the first option seems to be the most probable result. This is not only the case for Northern California, but the southern regions as well. For decades, Southern regions of California have relied heavily on the northern regionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s water, supplying nearly 74% of all of California. Recent technologies and new city infrastructures have allowed Southern California to become much more independent on their water supply. This is done with the help of new government regulations and the efforts of the first type of citizens who want to see California make a change in water conservation. >>>

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san joaquin river delta

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santa barbara â&#x20AC;&#x2122; s lush gardens

California has been experiencing a drought for the past four years and has been in an exceptional to extreme drought for the past two. Unreliable water management systems and infrastructure has led to a large overuse of existing water over the past three decades. Many citizens and communities found themselves to have little to no water management, allowing them to use as much water as they want for as long as they want. It was not until recent years where the government has really started to enforce water-use laws and has made major attempts to drastically reduce the water usage in urban environments. There are three types of people in the current drought situation. The first is the water savvy person who wants to make a difference in his or her community by following the guidelines set by the government. The second is the overly rich who does not care how many fines he or she receives to maintain their picturesque acres of garden groves and lush, green grasses. Lastly, are the customers who have been caught in a downward spiral of water insufficiency. These people are located in towns which have little to no water remaining, relying on the rainfalls of winter or importing water from nearby states for an ungodly amount of money. Luckily, most of the citizens in California fall under the first category and want to see California survive through what could be the worst drought ever had by the state.

Current water usage rates mixed with the anticipation of future water usage rates can either change this drought into an area of recovery and adaptation, or an area of water depletion and mass panic. Hopefully for the sake of California, the second does not occur. On the path the government and citizens have planned right now, the first option seems to be the most probable result. This is not only the case for Northern California, but the southern regions as well. For decades, Southern regions of California have relied heavily on the northern regionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s water, supplying nearly 74% of all of California. Recent technologies and new city infrastructures have allowed Southern California to become much more independent on their water supply. This is done with the help of new government regulations and the efforts of the first type of citizens who want to see California make a change in water conservation. The following chapters are organized to build up to a solution, first showing the history of the drought and posing a question of whether Southern California can become totally water self-sufficient. While solutions now may be trying to fight against the current drought, much like the previous steps applied, this book is more of a way to better handle the next drought as it comes. These studies will not only bring out ideas for plausible solutions for the drought, but also be a stepping-stone for a new perspective and approach for how people approach problems in the future.

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background chapter

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Backg r ound Ca lifor ni a may not be in the best situa tion right now, but Souther Ca lifor ni a is making some str ong strid es a t becoming mor e water ind e p end ent.

c a l i f o r n i a w at e r m a n a g e m e n t :

La ck of Infrastr uctur e 16

c a l i f o r n i a w at e r m a n a g e m e n t :

De pendenc y on Nor ther n Califor nia 18

the years without rain:

Ca uses of the Dr ought 24

new technologies:

Build ing -le vel Strategies 30

new technologies:

Urb a n vs. Moder n A grictultur e 32

b a c k g r o u n d s u m m a ry :

Lessons Lear ned 36

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california water management Wa ter ma na g ement has ne ver been a str ong- su i t f or C al i f or n i a. I t has seen a l on g hi stor y of unfa i r water distribution, unmon i t o r ed u sag e i n se v er al c i t i es, an d peo pl e who a r e r eluc ta nt to sa v ing any water at all . Ther e i s a c han g e happen i n g i n C al i f o r nia tha t w ill hopefully change this for the bet t er. Ef f o r t s ha v e al r eady been m ade b y most c ities to r educe ov erall water usage by 1 0 , 2 0 , an d 3 0 % . The r o ad i s st i l l l o ng a nd b ump y, but Califor nia is tr ying to st ay o n t he r i g ht t r ack .

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san joaquin river delta befor drought

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California Water Management lack of a water management infrastructure A big problem in the state has always been an unknowing of where the water is going and who the water is going to. Talks of new desalination plants are spreading throughout, but will they really help?

past free water usage and today â&#x20AC;&#x2122; s results

For decades, many cities have lived without water management systems, allowing citizens to use water freely at a fixed rate. This has posed problems, however, allowing people to turn what was an arid desert into a tropical garden filled with water guzzling plants and grasses. Although California has remained in what seems like a drought for over one third of its life, the University of Minnesota and the woods Hole Ocean-

ographic Institution has calculated the drought, suggesting that this has been the worst drought in millenniums. This comes into context with the realization that this is not only a natural occurrence like some may think, but really a combination of human and nature interaction with each other. These two placed together form the perfect formula for what is happening today.

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more canals of san joaquin valley

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desalination plant in santa barbara

unequal water supply

One of the major problems with this human and nature interaction is the distribution of water through various suppliers. The government often regulates these, but set no real standard on average water use through each customer or community. The result of this leads to unclear understandings of how much water should actually be reduced from household to household. While some communities and households may already have reduced their water usage by 25%, there may be other communities that are doing the same reduction, but use far more water per capita than the other. People become frustrated in systems like this, demanding a more regulated water management system, or refusing to abide by the new rules at all. unequal water supply One of complexity of environmentalists

the major problems with this human and nature interacAnother major problem that stems from the water tion is the distribution of water through various management is Californiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s past integration with suppliers. The government often regulates these, but s regulating to environmentalist standards. In the early et no real standard on average water use through each years of the California water management system, the customer or community. The result of this leads to infrastructure was supposed to grow along with the unclear understandings of how much water should population, much like the freeways. However, enviactually be reduced from household to household. Wronmentalists saw problems with the new water projhile some communities and households may already have reduced their water usage by 25%, there may be other communities that are doing the same reduction, but use far more water per capita than the other. People become frustrated in systems like this, demanding a more regulated water management system, or refusin

g to abide by the new rules at all. complexity of ect, stopping growth and production of these new environmentalists Another major problem that stems f infrastructures. Consequently, this led to an outdated rom the water management is Californiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s past integratiinfrastructure system, forcing the government to imon with regulating to environmentalist standar provise in recent years of new solutions for the growd sing catastrophe. If environmentalists keep interfering new projects continue .with In the early years and of the Ca to stop the growth of new water watermanagement managementsystem, infrastructure systems, the lifornia the infrastructure wa state will have to reduce the overall agricultural impact s supposed to grow along with the population, much lon the ThisHowever, will deplete thousands of jobs, ike the state. freeways. environmentalists saw forcpr ing citizens to seek other land to settle on. oblems with the new water project, stopping growth and pr

oduction of these new infrastructures. Consequently, t Water keeps coming up system, as a possible his led desalination to an outdated infrastructure forcin new infrastructure, and while it is a plausible g the government to improvise in recent years of solunew solution, there are major consequences of resorting to tions for the growing catastrophe. If environmentalists the seemingly great alternative. First, the initial cost keep interfering with new projects and continue to stop of of the projects is management astoundingly infrastructure high and will s theeach growth of new water force the government to raise taxes for millions of people. Once these plants do get built, the processes it takes to create clean, drinking water will make the new supply cost almost double of what the current cost is. Lastly, one of the main forms of energy for turning seawater into drinking water is the need to burn large amounts of natural gas, yet another non-renewable resource to be depleted. Californians need to seriously consider healthier, more plausible solutions rather than more drastic, harmful solutions.

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California Water Management dependency on northern california water supply Since the beginning, Southern California has had a strong dependence to Northern Californiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s water supply. What steps is Southern California taking to reduce this dependence?

california â&#x20AC;&#x2122; s water dependency

Southern California is making great strides to becoming water independent, but hey still have great strides before this is achieved. Ever since the beginning of California, the southern region has relied on outside sources for its water supply. With local groundwater resources, the groundwater in Southern California can only supply 13 percent of the necessary water. With its main sources for water running out and becoming depleted, the region must turn to different options and solutions to get the needed water. Some of these include options that would make the region even more dependent on imported water, but sometimes this is the step the area will just have to make.

dependent beginnings

In the early beginnings the state started importing water from the Eastern Sierras and the Colorado River, but more recently there has been a larger demand for water that has forced the state to tap into the precious Delta of Northern California. Now that the drought is nearing its fourth year of existence, these sources for water are becoming less and less than

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what is needed. In fact, Southern California is running off the same amount of imported water it did in 1990 to serve an additional 30% of people. This is a trend that will continue to grow. The sources will offer the same, if not lower, amounts of water and the region will have to continually reduce its water intake as the economy and population keeps growing. future growth and effects

A larger growth in population and economy is inevitable in Southern California seeing as how popular it has become and how many tourists flock to the area every year. While this is great for local business and economy, the lack of water is putting a strain on the people that do live there permanently. The strain is not only seen in the southern regions, but also the northern regions. Even though the northern regions will be the last to lose water, the constant strain and hindrance of having the southern regions demand more water is affecting the overall longevity of the environment.

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contrast between desert and backyard

potential water supply

One of the main potential sources of water supply comes from one of the companies controlled by the city of Los Angeles. This company takes wastewater, cleans it through a series of processes, and empties it into the Pacific Ocean. This is vital water that can be used to water landscapes, be recycled for potable water, or be used for other various projects. It is a shame there is so much free water being wasted in the city. If the region makes it a point to solve water problems concisely and logically, the region can make a huge difference on their water supply dependency.

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palm spring golf course vs . neighboring desert

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colorado river

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the years without rain C alifor nia d id n ot magically ar ri ve at the si t u at i on i t i s i n t o day, bu t r at her bu i l t up to this p oint star ting perhaps in the early 2 0 0 0 s. Dr ou g ht s ar e n ot an u n c om m o n o c c ur ra nc e in Califor nia, but gr owth and usag e has pu t a l ar g e st r ai n o n t he am ou n t o f wa ter the state has the capacity to stor e an d u se. As t he ec o n o m y c o n t i n u es t o i mp r ove, the g r owth of the state will contin u e, pu t t i n g f u r t her st r ess o f t he dwi n d l ing wa ter sup ply. The next ste ps inv olv e f i n di n g n ew so u r c es of wat er an d how t o d i strib ute it in a fair and ef ficient way.

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- tcanals h e gofofarmland l d e n drying s tatupe

The Years Without Rain causes of the drought It is easy to place a blame on one group of people, but the state must stand together to keep a positive attitude in this time of drought.

whose fault is it really ?

It is really easy to want to blame one thing or a group of people for the cause of the drought, but it important to remember that the drought was most likely caused by a mixture of natural and human-made phenomena. Yes there has not nearly been enough rain for the past four years, but there has also been a steady increase in people moving to the California area. This increased need for water would put a strain on almost any water management system. California is just probably not the best state for this to happen to.

desert transformation

What was once an arid desert is now in many instances a lush, tropical landscape filled with millions of inhabitants. This high demand for water has led to an unusually fast rate of depletion of the Watershed from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. This has not only drastically lessened the amount of water avail-

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santa barbara desert transformation

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able, but has also left an extremely high amount of silt that is eating at the environmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s integrity. This high rate of urbanization in such a dense area has caused high amounts of air-borne gases to hang over the city at certain times of the day. Over time, this has built up in the atmosphere, raising the temperature in cities to well-above average. The high temperatures have been attributed to the high than average evaporation along many aqueducts and lakes, the greater occurrence of wild fires, and the melting of the remaining snowcaps. This has also been attributed to the fact that the region has not seen rain in such a long time. Longer periods of dry seasons bring more chances of wild fires and higher temperatures.

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fresh water from marina del rey dumped into ocean

decaying infrastructure

will rain benefit or destruct ?

light at the end of the tunnel

In the rare occurrence of a rain shower or thunderstorm, areas that have been so dry are more susceptible to fires from lightning strikes. Dry lands mixed with surges of electricity bring fires that can start from almost anywhere. This wreaks havoc in some small towns already suffering from not having enough water. Some towns that have this phenomena happen are essentially burned off the map, due to no real way to put out the fires. While many see the signs of the upcoming El Nino to be a gift from the gods, much of the water will sadly wash away to the ocean in a matter of hours. Panic may also ensue as drought stricken land will be much more prone to flash flooding. Outdated water management infrastructure will not be able to keep up with monsoon amounts of rain, possible clogging up openings with debris, lessening the opportunity to capture rain water and store it for use later.

Maybe the solution to the problem should not be to create ways of importing more water to the area, but rather find a more efficient way to collect and disperse collected rainwater. While it may not rain a considerable amount in the southern region, the region can take advantage of what does fall in the area through urban collection systems.

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- destruction

of lightning after a thunderstorm

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new technologies in urban water conservation Fr om M a c r o to Micr o, solutions for the dr o u g ht ar e c om i n g f r om al l ov er t he st at e a nd c ountr y. Some of the lar gest technologi es bei n g l o o ked at f o r pot en t i al wat er -stora g e a nd u sage ar e the implementation o f U r ban Far m s an d c ol l ec t i o n o f S t or mwa ter/ Urban Far ms can become a gr eat asset f o r si n gl e- an d m u l t i -f am i l y r esid entia l housing types. Stor mwater collec t i on c an bec o m e a n ew st an dar d f o r n ew c o nstr uc tion w ith the ability to use the water f or r est r oo m s an d l an dsc api n g . New t echnolog ies a r e arising e v er yday and the ab i l i t y t o dr i n k t he f al l en st o r m wat e r m ay b ec ome a r ea lity.

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permeable surfaces t h and e gbioswales o l d e n- california s tat e

New Technologies In Urban Water Conservation new drought solutions on an urban scale As water becomes more scarse, people are resorting to new landscaping that includes succulents. Urban farms are also becoming popular as less water can be used to produce needed food.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;If we captured and used the water that already falls here, we could turn off the tap from the north and leave that water for farmers. -

the treepeople

changing the way we think about water

This is a powerful quote by one of the leading architecture movement companies in the Los Angeles area called TreePeople. They have been implementing these systems in homes, buildings, and even pieces of land. One of the companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s simple projects that can be used by almost anyone is a rain barrel system to collect the water that falls off the roof to water. Another project included turning the asphalt of a school parking lot into an area of pervious pavement and trees that allow water to flow to an underground cistern. Not only did this system drastically help the school reduce its overall water consumption, but also the school was also able to sell the remaining water to the city for some extra funds.

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- succulent

garden

minimal water

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urban farm usage growth

One popular system arising from the drought has been the growth of urban farms within dense neighborhoods. These are in stark contrast to the industrial farms most of California is used to, recycling water rather than letting it evaporate in the hot weather. These urban farms range from small, single home use to large neighborhood use gardens. These farms work on the system called aquaponics, which use less water than traditional soil planting hardly any of the water is lost to evaporation or soil absorption. According to certain articles, up to four times as many plants can be planted in one square foot than traditional planting systems.

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- urban

farm utilizing the power of aquaponics systems

stormwater management

One of the biggest topics of this book so far has been the idea of capturing storm water and reusing to be used through various systems. This can be combined to work in conjunction with buildings to become one closed-loop system. This system can help the building become much more self-sufficient and possible allow it to achieve net-zero status. Gone are the days where all it took was to be energy self-sufficient in favor for architects setting new standards on the way a building or home should function. Current housing and building developments have open-loop systems that allow for a wide variety of wasteful energy uses. Containing the system in a closed-loop can help close this gap and move toward what a future of energy and water conservation can look like. These solutions are not large and extravagant either; they can be implement in almost any home or building and be used through everyday life. There can be add-ons, of course, allowing the building to create its own micro-ecosystem and climate that can influence buildings in surrounding areas.

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New Technologies In Urban Water Conservation fight between urban homestead and modern agriculture As the fight for water continues, farmers still remain as the top user of water within the entire state of California. What are they doing to help reduce water usage?

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- farmland

before the drought

modern agriculture reigns

unfair water distribution

Urban farms are becoming very popular in smaller and larger cities in the Southern California region, but large, industrial farming still remains Californiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest way to get revenue into the state. There is no denying the need for farming in the state, it equates to nearly half of all the fruits, vegetables, and dairy products in America and is used to export to other countries to allow for additional economy.

Urban water use only equates to one-fourth of the water used in California. This seems like such a small percentage compared to the amount modern agriculturists use. While it is not right to blame the farmers for the continual lessening of water, it is important to remember what innovations can be made in the agriculture industry. Many farmers are switching to more efficient drip-systems to feed their crops, but many farmers also do not have the moneys to purchase these highly advanced systems.

insufficient water infrastructure

Nearly 80% of Californiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s water supply is used for agriculture and unfortunately, nearly half is water to either evaporation as it travels to the crops, or when it reaches the crops in the hot weather. An article mentions that it would be a far more effective solution to address the issues of irrigation systems than to constantly have to cutback on water usage in urban areas.

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- garden

look of suburban los angeles

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conventional watering system

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- drip

irrigation watering system

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experiment by berkeley to use a variety of water systems

benefits in sustainable building

ripple effect

Building design can come in handy when trying to solve this problem. Often times when a building applies for the LEED system, points are earned when the building tries to save as much water as possible. This entices various builders to invest money on the project in hopes for some sort of achievement to be met. This money later goes to electrical generation companies to create more windmills along various regions and hills in California. Just as this works for other energy systems, it can also work toward to the creation of more water-sustainable system for use by farmers. It can be investments by water companies to further reduce the per capita usage of the farm.

This will only reduce a small percentage of water per farm, but over time it can add up, as more farms are included in the investment deal. Small systems like this can make a great improvement to the amount of water that is used in California, reducing on the need to further reduce in urban areas. It will give those urban areas some breathing room

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background summary A lot wa s lea r n ed in the backgr ound chapter t hat c an be u sed t o i n f o r m t he st u di o p r oj ec tâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s d esig n. The following pages include so m e di ag r am s o f key poi n t s f r om t he b a ck g r ound c ha pter. These diagrams will then be po l i shed an d r ef i n ed i n t he n ex t semester to b ec om e pr e valent, usable diagrams f or f u t u r e pr esen t at i o n s.

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37- river connected to ta h e drained g o l ddue e nto sdrought tat e image 2.19 lake

Background Summary

Key Concepts for Diagramming: ○ unfair water distribution

lessons learned diagramming direction for study

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can desalination really help ?

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southern california water dependency

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potential sources for water collection

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desert transformation

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will thunderstorms help or destruct ?

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urban farming growth

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urban areas vs modern agriculture

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leed program benefits

Pre-chapter to the Case Studies that helps illustrate clearly how the rationale should be comprised.

Water Collection Diagram:

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How Reverse Osmosis Works:

Urban Farming Diagram:

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case study analysis M oving on fr om backgr ound infor mation, C ase S t u dy An al ysi s ex pl or es what so m e o f the b est single-family, multi-family, and c om m er c i al c om pl ex es i n C al i f or n i a a r e d oing to b ec ome as env ir onmentally sust ai n abl e as po ssi bl e. W h i l e m an y of t he st u d ies a r e loc a t ed in Nor ther n Califor nia, t hey c an be u sed as ex am pl es t o m o del m y futur e stud io pr oject after. A ll of f er uni q u e wat er t ec hn o l og i es spec i f i c t o t hei r si te a nd r eg ion and sh ow the ar chitectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s car e t aken i n t o desi g n i n g eac h pr ojec t . The st u d ies sta r t small and transfor m into commer c i al pr oper t y t ypes t hat t r y t o t eac h t heir emp loyees and v isitors how to be sustai n abl e.

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evening view roof 41 of the yin yang house t hoverlooking e g o l dthe e ngreen s tat e

case study rationale selection criteria for choosing the case studies:

○ T he c a se st udies should exemplify super i o r dr o u g ht -c on sc i o u s bu i l di n g st ra teg ies tha t n ot only impact the li v es of t he peopl e on t he si t e, bu t t he su r r ound ing c ommunity context, too. ○ Str ong c onn ection to the local communi t y. H ow t he si t e i n t er ac t s wi t h t he co mmunity a nd how the practices can hel p be a m o del f or f u t u r e pr ojec t s i n t he a r ea . ○ Ca se stud ies should r emain mostly a r esi den t i al f u n c t i o n . Bu i l di n g wa ter-c onsc iously on a small le vel will ha ve a g r eat er i m pac t on r esi den t i al t ha n c ommer c ia l. How e v er, a str ong commer c i al c ase st u dy c an al so be a g r ea t g uid eline to show how lar ger elements c an be pl ac ed wi t hi n a r esi den t i al a t mosp her e. ○ Resid entia l case studies should be ke pt m o st l y m u l t i -f am i l y t o st u dy ho w wa ter-c onsc ious building can af f ect people an d r esi den t s on a l ar g er sc al e. These ex a mp les c a n a lso sh ow how the pr oject can i n f l u en c e an d t eac h r esi den t s t hat a m or e susta ina ble lif e is th e way to go.

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Case Study A str ong claim needs some str ong exa mp les to suppor t it. Case studies fr om Nor ther n and Souther n Ca lifor ni a ar e chosen as a basis for exc ellent models for the futur e.

r at i o n a l e a n d c r i t e r i a :

Desir e for Residential 42

y i n ya n g h o u s e :

Single-Family Net-z er o 44

s w e e t w at e r s p e c t r u m :

Ad ult Au tism Community 52

ta s s a fa r o n g a v i l l a g e :

Low -I nc ome Renovation 58

d av i d a n d l u c i l e pa c k a r d

Business Headquar ters 64

c a s e s t u d y s u m m a ry :

K ey Dia grams 72

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Water-Conscious Case Studies yin yang house venice, california Single-family residential home that can become a model for other single-residential homes in the area. Net-zero home with some big goals.

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image 3.2

evening view of the yin yang house overlooking the back yard

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image 3.3

front of the yin yang house . strong design queues with hidden garage

project overview

The Yin Yang house is a nearly net-zero single-family residential home that also acts as a place of work for a busy family. The home is centered on the intermingling of indoor and outdoor spaces. Sustainable design was used in a way to teach the occupants and people visiting the commercial side of the home that this way of thinking about the way a home functions is a better way of living. Imagine not having to travel far distances in such a congested town to go to work every day. Imagine also not having to rely on outside sources for water, electricity, or other forms of city-dependent housing systems.

energy efficiency and details

The architects paid special attention to the project, adding in special features that help improve the overall living quality for each of the residents and surpassing any set of standards from more conventional projects. All rooms offer the resident at least eleven-foot ceilings and plenty of natural light and cross-ventilation for supreme comfort. Indoor air quality was taken into consideration when choosing t h e g o l d e n s tat e

what materials to use. Local-sourcing of materials also helped the community by supporting local business. Due to the locationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s semi-arid and marine climate, cross ventilation acts as the best way to cool the home. It is one of the key steps taken to make this home a truly remarkable piece of craftsmanship. A system of solar panels help supply all the electricity for the home, decreasing energy demand for a similar home by almost 50%. This in conjunction with strategic planning and layout of the home make it a contender as one of the best live/work housing options for any small or large family. It would be a great model of a home to be used in an urban development project, as it addresses many issues on a very small scale, paying attention to occupant needs rather than superficial cost-effective solutions to a traditional home.

image 3.4

daytime view of the yin yang house

back stairs lead to bedroom quarters

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;Even though the completed structure is more than three times its original size, the net increase in lot coverage is less than 800 square feet.â&#x20AC;? -

brooks

image 3.5

scarpa

evening view into the living space

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translucentcy is key in the design

image 3.6

- interior

view of entertaining space and how exterior flows into itnerior

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figure 3.1

diagram showing all the systems of the home

figure 3.2

light , water , and wind diagrams of the home

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water cycle

In terms of water management and stormwater collection, the Yin Yang House is an excellent example of what can be done on a small, residential scale. A lot of site analysis and experimentation help make this home the optimal building for water collection and storage. Some of the features are new and technologically advanced, while others can easily be implemented in existing homes.

special features

One of the most remarkable features of the site is located within the two green roofs located above the main entrance area. These roofs add a new layer to the home, attached to a long balcony adjacent to the bedrooms, they offer visual appeal and increased air quality. They also allow for the building to collect and store 95% of rainwater that falls on the roof, which is beyond impeccable for a project of this size. The stormwater is retained under the ground through a series of tubs and storage containers that help with regular water supply through a series of filtration processes, and is also used to water the native, drought resistant plants on site.

benefits of artificial turf

Artificial turf is used on the site as a kids play area and for aesthetic purposes. The artificial turf is an excellent option compared to regular grass as it uses no water and looks virtually the same as grass. There is also less of a chance for insects and other things to

Key Water Technologies: ○ collects 95% of rainwater

reside in the artificial turf. Permeable gravel instead of non-permeable surfaces to allow stormwater to filter to groundwater sources rather than carry debris and waste back to the ocean.

model for existing homes

The home also offers features that would be easy to implement in existing homes I the area. These include replacing all normal flow fixtures with new and improved low-flow fixtures. Some of these fixtures can reduce water usage by nearly 30% which can add up when placed throughout the property. Another similar technology is drip irrigation which can be used in small increments to keep the drought-tolerant plants in order and in great condition. This is a technique that was mentioned above in the “Modern Agriculture” chapter that can help reduce the overall water usage by some 20%. These technologies along with energy-star rated appliances help lead this home into model-status for other home in the area. A unique attribute to this project is it’s attraction to draw an interestingly high concentration of hummingbirds to the yard. This increases the overall liveliness and homeliness of the home while giving the home a stronger connection to its nature-focused roots. If similar homes try to implement similar strategies and techniques like this home, the area can be transformed into an enclave of net-zero homes that sustain themselves over the long term. Water reduction will increase from the already low numbers of the area, and people will be less-reliant on the city for their source of energy.

that falls on the roof

○

landscape consists of native , drought - tolerant species

○

green roofing systems help filter rainwater and increase insulation

○

permeable surfaces allow for maximum rainwater collection

○

artificial turf used to decrease maintenance and provide a play area

○

low - flow fixtures and energy star appliances help reduce water usage by

○

live / work housing reduces vehicular use , reducing overall emissions

30%

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image 3.7

evening view of the sweetwater spectrum community

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Water-Conscious Case Studies sweetwater spectrum autism community los altos, california Autism community that attempts to teach its residents how to live independently and more sustainably.

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image 3.8

one of the many communal spaces

project overview

The Sweetwater Spectrum Community is not only a great model for projects in the Sonoma region, but is also a new model for designing for people with Autism. Over the next few decades, hundreds of thousands of people will be entering adulthood with Autism. Sweetwater Spectrum Community aims to give adults with Autism a healthy and creative life based on sustainable design and community support. The site consists of 12 homes for adult men with Autism and their care takers. There is a community center and a one acre â&#x20AC;&#x153;urban farmâ&#x20AC;? for sustainability and integration into the surrounding community. The site itself is located a small neighborhood in the middle of Sonoma that has shown an endless amount of support through volunteering and permit tasking. The site is located walking distance to the town center, and is close to grocery and other forms of retail. Sustainability and Community Support are the backbones of this project, aiming to create an understanding that an efficient and environmental way of life is the right way of life.

image 3.9

view or the drought landscape and solar panels

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energy efficiency

The buildings/homes on the site are designed for the California weather, paying attention to opportunities for daylighting, cross ventilation, and water retention. Outdoor life was also a large part of the design, placing the homes on the perimeter of the lot to create interior courtyard areas for the residents. Because of the disability, special attention was paid to climate and comfort levels within the homes. Due to the California climate, however, natural ventilating and cooling are only needed to keep the homes at a comfortable level, reducing the overall energy demand for the buildings.

image 3.10

evening view of the sweetwater spectrum community

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

figure 3.3

diagram showing all technologies used

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“It welcomes people of all abilities to a nurturing, low-carbon community that promotes independence, health and well-being, and builds strong interconnectedness between the land, the people, and the community.” -

leddy maytum stacy architects

energy efficiency ( continued )

water retention

The overall designs of the buildings and homes try to maximize the potential for an energy efficient, comfortable, and nature-oriented home. This was done in hopes to make the buildings turn from a house into a home. In terms of light, each home is oriented in such a way to maximize daylighting in each room. All rooms use artificial light on a timer basis, and all have some connection to the outdoors.

Due to certain program needs, the site is allowed to have a pool for therapy tools. Special steps are taken to insure minimal water evaporation and waste including high efficiency water pumps and pool covers. On-site water storage and use is not the only concern, though. The architects wanted to make sure that the water that does enter the public stormwater system is done so in an efficient, non-intrusive way. Bio-swales are placed on the edges of the property to obtain all the water possible to keep on the site. This will prevent water from being wasted by placing into large storage containers rather than washing straight into the ocean. Like the project before, pavements are made permeable for maximum water collection, and native plants are placed to control and filter the water that is collected. The site landscape, urban farm, and on-site orchard are all watered using a drip irrigation system like in the modern agriculture chapter. Showing that this is the best option for farming and plant growth. These and other technologies help make this an excellent example for small water management projects on a building scale within an urban context.

water cycle

Like the previous case study, the Sweetwater Spectrum Community stores stormwater in underground storage containers. Due to the property’s size and use, the storage containers are extra-large and can store more than 135% of a containers normal storage capacity. This is used to make up for the fact that California is prone to droughts and dry spells. Water reduction on site was taken seriously with an overall reduction of 33% compared to comparable LEED projects. Water Heaters are placed on the roof along next to solar panels to keep overall energy costs down.

Key Water Technologies: ○ underground rainwater

basins hold

135%

more water than regular containers

○ 33%

○

automatic pool covers to reduce evaporation

○

bioswales used to transfer stormwater to public waterways

○

most surfaces are permeable to allow for maximum water collection

○

urban farm only uses recycled water from rainwater basins

○

drip irrigation used for urban farm to reduce evaporation

water reduction compared to other leed projects

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Water-Conscious Case Studies tassafaronga village oakland, california Low-income community that has seen the benefits of remodeling and becoming a safer, more sustainable community.

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image 3.11

- view

of common play area within the village

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project overview

Tassafaronga Village is a notable project that brings a wide variety of affordable housing to a very diverse audience in Oakland California. Once a scary and threatening neighborhood to walk through on the edge of industrial and residential use, is now a beautiful neighborhood designed for the very poor. It not only brightens the look of Oakland, but also exemplifies some practices of water and energy efficiency that can be passed to the residents to live healthier, more energy efficient lives.

physical transformation

The transformation of the site is quite amazing in terms of “junk” to “treasure”. The site consisted of a factory that had been abandoned and questionable apartment complexes design during World War II as a way to give workers some housing. These were segregated units and became homes for the very poor after the industrial factories moved out. In 2005, however, the city of Oakland sought to replace this once bad imaged community into something than be seen as a

image 3.12

render of how the entire community looks like

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

change for the better. The new units were meant to be in “high-density” set ups with several varieties of housing types to suit the needs of many families in the area. These range from small apartments to clustered townhomes, to condominiums for slightly larger families. Landscape and accessibility was a main factor that played a role into the design process. Before, people would feel uneasy and unsafe to walk the smaller streets during the day and especially at night. In an effort to ease the situation, pathways and courtyards are interlaced between and in front of the units to increase the amount of eyes on the pathways. They are also well-lit and friendly and create a series of small communities within each housing complex. These pathways also connect to local libraries, schools, parks, and community centers, greater increasing this sense of security and community.

image 3.13

commons view with drought landscaping

community impact

The project centered around three major goals: strengthen the existing urban fabric, increase the level of residents’ quality of life, and reach a high level of sustainability. This was achieved above and beyond expectations, receiving praise from New York, other states, and local residents. One resident wrote to the community and architect: “I love many things about the house I call home. I can see how the buildings were designed to bring us together and to develop safer neighborhoods for this beautiful city. One day I would be honored to do for others what you have done for me… to design houses for the less fortunate.” A powerful message that creates an “awe” moment. This would be the moment in your architecture career where you know you are doing something right and are improving lives for the better. “It welcomes people of all abilities to a nurturing, low-carbon community that promotes independence, health and well-being, and builds strong interconnectedness between the land, the people, and the community.” 61

leddy maytum stacy architects

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

planted bioswales

Helps divert and filter rainwater so that it will reach the public water ways in an efficient manner.

figure 3.4

planted bioswale diagram

permeable gutter

Allows rainwater to runoff the sidewalk into the street or through a plant bed system. Allows the water to enter the ground before it reaches non-permeable pavement.

figure 3.5

permeable gutter diagram

biofiltration planter

Used to water some of the landscaping planters. Uses water to evenly distribute on the ground surface before entering the dirt and soil of the planter.

figure 3.6

biofiltration planter diagram

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

water cycle

The architects of this project were able to cut down parking space requirements by a total of more than 40% which allowed for more drought-tolerant landscaping and more opportunities for urban farming. Unlike previous case studies, one of the main focuses of this development was not to retain and store stormwater, but rather to teach residents to reduce the overall use of water. This is done through the use of low-flow bathroom fixtures and appliances. Overall, the village has done an excellent job at reducing water usage, decreasing the overall average daily water use by over 30%. This about on par, and a little over the state-wide 25% reduction recommendation. Although stormwater collection is not a main goal of this project, the architects made sure that the water makes it to the public storm management in a very efficient and environmental way. These ways include drainage systems, infiltration features, and vegetated swales to treat water before it reaches the public ways. Large landscape pods and platforms are placed throughout the site to help mediate the once poor air quality of such a poor neighborhood. The site used to

be a brownfield with abandoned homes and factories, these drought-tolerant plants are making a big difference, replenishing the oxygen airflow and quality. Even with a high percentage of landscape coverage, the village has surpassed the city water reduction for irrigation use by more than 81%. This is a wonderful achievement considering that this is one of the poorest neighborhoods in Oakland. This case study is an excellent of how something wonderful can come out of a bad situation with a little creative thought and critical thinking. Sustainability was one of the main concerns of the project and has been achieved through many ways. An excellent model for sustainable design and community involvement.

image 3.14

Key Water Technologies: ○ reduced parking for

urban gardens for use by the community

more drought - tolerant landscaping and urban farming

○

low - flow fixtures reduce water usage by

○

efficient stormwater diversion to public waterways

○

various landscape watering systems

○ 81%

30%

overall water reduction for landscaped surfaces

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

Water-Conscious Case Studies david and lucile packard headquarters los altos, california A commercial property was chosen to demonstrate how a residential building might be able to work seemlessly with commercial units.

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image 3.15

commons view includes a variety of activities

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project overview

The David and Lucile Packard foundation focus on working toward a change around the world for social, cultural, and environment designed to improve the lives of children, families, and communities. In keeping with this mission, the company decided to make a headquarters building that emphasizes a push toward changing the environment we live and work in to improve the lives of those who inhabit it. In doing so, the company focused on strategies that attempt to make a bioclimatic net-zero approach to buildings design and performance. The foundation strived to achieve a LEED platinum status on the building, which is very unprecedented for a building of this scale.

company â&#x20AC;&#x2122; s community involvement

The company not only looked at the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s connection to the environment, but also wanted to make a stronger connection to the Los Altos Community. This connection started when the company conceptualized in 1964. A study by workers at the company noticed that a great portion of the energy

image 3.16

interior commons space within the headquarters

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and carbon use by the employees was by the transportation needed to drive to the old location every day. To help alleviate this problem, the company decided to buy a lot adjacent to the Los Altos downtown area. This would bring the headquarters closer to the workers, allowing them less of a need to use a car to get to work. Less of a need to drive to work was a driving force to let the city allow them to reduce their available parking spaces from 160 to 67. An addition of a shuttle system to a train station about a mile away increased the foot traffic to work, and helped bring a more accessible form of transportation to the immediate community. This relocation to the downtown area also increased support of local small businesses with the increased attendance to local restaurants and small shops. Not only did this bring in revenue, but also made the downtown more lively, increasing tourism in the area.

image 3.17

evening view of the headquarters and its landscaping

image 3.18

street view of the headquarters entrance

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

figure 3.7

systems diagram

technological innovations

Site and context aside, the building is one of the most technologically and environmentally sound buildings to show as an example in California. This is one of the main reasons I chose to make this a case study. The building is a good example of how someone can live in their own home, teaching employees how to live more efficient, environmentally conscious lives. The teaching aspect of the building was a driving force of the design project, showing us that a building can be energy efficient, yet not reach its full potential unless the inhabitants are taught to use and take advantage of the technologies. Not only does this building teach and suggest the user when to use certain functions and features, but it also includes a series of systems that help adjust features to make the best environment for the user. This process works so well that most users do not have to manually adjust lighting/heat to reach optimal comfort levels. A feature that is probably only necessary are a series of led lights at each cubicle to adjust the varying light levels. This is one of many features and technologies that are implemented into the building to help improve the user’s environment.

homeliness and permeability

When the company moved onto the site, there was a total of 97% impermeable surfaces. The site was covered in two buildings and two asphalt parking lots not fit for lie anymore. The Packard Foundation tried t h e g o l d e n s tat e

their best to keep the site as permeable as possible. The resultant building is a porous and transparent site that includes drought-tolerant landscaping and various surfaces that help reduce the overall non-permeable surfaces to less than 35% of the total land area. Most of the plants on site were bought from nurseries no more than 500 miles from the site, support the local economies. The landscape is placed in such a way to make one side of the site “grassland” areas and the other half of the site into “woodland” area. To add a bit of homeliness and awe into the project, a twenty-five year old oak tree was planted on site which grew from an acorn from the Packard farm. Lucile Packard’s favorite flower is placed along the sides of the building, next to some rain gardens. A green roof is visible from the second floor and is made lively by a variety of drought-tolerant landscaping including low shrubs and succulents. Overall, the site is very lush without being harmful to the water shortage in the area. Special attention was paid to each part of the site, making this project a model for similar future projects in the surrounding area.

image 3.19

image 3.20

side view of one of the entrances

another view of the outdoor eating area

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

figure 3.8

light and fenestration diagram

image 3.21

interior view of how nice the fenestration is throughout

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

“Perhaps most importantly, the project set out to prove that a more sustainable life is simply a better life.” -

sustainable buildings

“ fit

in ”

One of the major challenges of the building was to maximize its energy efficiency while still fitting in with the surrounding context. Early in the project, it was decided that the building would face away from true north in order to fit in with the surrounding context. This was the company’s way to be a “good neighbor” to the surrounding context, proving that sustainable building design can fit into the city. The main challenge within this came from the direct southwest facing sun in the evenings. Creating technologies that could help reduce the glare in the interior of the building would help make the project more feasible and attractive to the potential employee. Technologies that helped with the problem included sun-shading devices, balconies, overhangs, trees, and interior and exterior blinds that change automatically with the varying degrees of sun angles.

ehdd architects

foundation would pay special attention to how the site interacts with water. Along with improving the way the site handles rainwater, comes the benefit of improving the way water enters the local oceans. When a building improves the way stormwater is handled, the water has less of a chance of picking up debris and waste, polluting the ocean.

stormwater management

During storms and small showers, rain from the roof is stored in 20,000 gallon underground containers that serve the use of 90% of all bathroom use, and nearly 60% of the total landscape demand. This system is the first rainwater system for indoor use found in Los Altos. A model that can be implements in other future projects for the city as well. The storage containers for the rainwater overflow into a detention pond meant to reduce the amount of stormwater to actually enter the city’s stormwater system.

water cycle

The Packard Foundation originally founded the Monterey Bay Aquarium and its Research Institute. It was only natural and made total logical sense that the

Key Water Technologies: ○ 20,000 gallon underground

rainwater basin

○ 90%

all restroom use supplied by rainwater

○ 60%

all landscape supplied by rainwater basin

○

○ 97%

○

native and drought - tolerant landscaping used throughout the site

○

shuttle service helps reduce overall vehicular use , reducing water emissions

transparent exterior helps collect rainwater total surfaces are permeable , collecting valuable stormwater

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

case study summary C ase stud ies a r e an impor tant par t to any n ew pr ojec t de v el o pm en t . The c ase st u di es i n this c ha p ter pr ov ed to be excellent models an d ex am pl es f or what I c an i m pl em en t i nto m y p r og ra m. The following f ew pages ill u st r at e i m po r t an t di ag r am s t hat c an be used for futur e drawings and pr ese ntations as t he pr ojec t de v el o ps.

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

image 733.22

a view of the packard headquarters the g o l d e n sentrance tat e

image 3.23

image 3.25

image 3.24

yin yang house venice, california Key Water Technologies: ○ collects 95% of rainwater

that falls on the roof

○

landscape consists of native , drought - tolerant species

○

green roofing systems help filter rainwater and increase insulation

○

permeable surfaces allow for maximum rainwater collection

○

artificial turf used to decrease maintenance and provide a play area

○

low - flow fixtures and energy star appliances help reduce water usage by

○

live / work housing reduces vehicular use , reducing overall emissions

image 3.26

30%

image 3.28

image 3.27

sweetwater spectrum autism community sonoma, california Key Water Technologies: ○ underground rainwater

basins hold

135%

more water than regular containers

○ 33%

○

automatic pool covers to reduce evaporation

○

bioswales used to transfer stormwater to public waterways

○

most surfaces are permeable to allow for maximum water collection

○

urban farm only uses recycled water from rainwater basins

○

drip irrigation used for urban farm to reduce evaporation

water reduction compared to other leed projects

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

image 3.29

image 3.31

image 3.30

tassafaronga village oakland, california Key Water Technologies: ○ reduced parking for

more drought - tolerant landscaping and urban farming

○

low - flow fixtures reduce water usage by

○

efficient stormwater diversion to public waterways

○

various landscape watering systems

○ 81%

image 3.32

30%

overall water reduction for landscaped surfaces

image 3.34

image 3.33

david and lucile packard headquarters los altos, california Key Water Technologies: ○ 20,000 gallon underground

rainwater basin

○ 90%

all restroom use supplied by rainwater

○ 60%

all landscape supplied by rainwater basin

○

○ 97%

○

native and drought - tolerant landscaping used throughout the site

○

shuttle service helps reduce overall vehicular use , reducing water emissions

transparent exterior helps collect rainwater total surfaces are permeable , collecting valuable stormwater

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

program site location P r og ra m a nd Site L ocation ar e the quintessen t i al c om pon en t s t o st ar t i n g t he pr o jec t for next semester. W ithout either, ther e i s n o di r ec t i o n an d g r eat c o n f u si o n . The f o llow ing c ha p ter tries to pr ovide the necessar y i n f o r m at i o n t o sho w t he r eader wher e t he p r oj ec t w ill heading for the next semester. A f am i l i ar c i t y l oc at i on i s c hosen , o f f ering a str ong backgr ound in design knowl edg e f or t he c i t yâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ar c hi t ec t u r e, c u l t u r e, a nd lif esty le.

Chosen Program:

multi-family water-conscious housing complex

- housing

have community outreach programs

teach residents how to use water more efficiently

provide security and privacy residents wants

offer live / work housing opportunities

use as many new water technologies as possible

should cater to a variety of income levels

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

t h eimage go e n s tat 4.1l d - anacapa villase

program and site selection s e l e c t i o n c r i t e r i a f o r c h o o s i n g t h e s i t e l o c at i o n :

○

c h o o s i n g a c i t y t h at h a s a l r e a d y r e s o r t e d t o a d e s a l i n at i o n

p l a n t i s i m p o r ta n t . t h e e f f e c t s o f t h e d e s a l i n at i o n p l a n t c a n b e s t u d i e d o v e r t i m e , s h o w i n g a g r e at e r n e e d f o r a n e w h o u s i n g t y p e . t h e d e s a l i n at i o n p l a n t a l s o c a n n o t p r o v i d e f o r a n e n t i r e c i t y , e v e n a r e l at i v e ly s m a l l o n e . t h e p r o j e c t w i l l b e a g o o d m o d e l f o r w h at o t h e r c i t i z e n s i n t h e c i t y c a n d o f o r w at e r .

○ the

c i t y s h o u l d a l s o h av e a s t r o n g c u lt u r e , a r c h i t e c t u r e , a n d

d o w n t o w n s c e n e . n o t o n ly d o e s t h i s s h o w s i g n s o f a s u c c e s s f u l c i t y , b u t i t w i l l a l s o p l ay w i t h t h e c o m m u n i t y a s p e c t o f t h e p r o j e c t .

○ the

c i t y s h o u l d h av e a g o o d m i x o f p e o p l e w h o h av e a l o t o f

moneys and people who are in the lower level of income. providing to a broader range of residents can help teach more people how to l i v e m o r e s u s ta i n a b ly .

○ the

c i t y s h o u l d a l s o s h o w s i g n s t h at i t w a s a d e s e r t t h at w a s

turned into a garden oasis. it should also show a desire to change a n d l i v e m o r e s u s ta i n a b ly

Chosen City: santa barbara southern california t h e g o l d e n s tat e

Pr og ram T he sec tio n next semester counts on the most. This is wher e e v er ything b ec omes clear and a dir ection is c hosen. Santa Barbara is chosen for va riou s r easons. Read why.

r at i o n a l e a n d c r i t e r i a :

W hy Sa nt a Barbara? 78

c u lt u r a l c o n t e x t :

Ar c hitec tur e, Cultur e, Lif estyle 80

s i t e l o c at i o n p r e c e d e n t s :

Benefits and We aknesses 84

s i t e l o c at i o n :

G enera l Infor mation Diagrams 96

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

Site Selection Chosen City santa barbara southern california Santa Barbara is a cluster of reletively small cities with a strong direction toward architecture, beach life, and cultural ties. It is an excellent location for a new breed of residential complexes.

Site Location: santa barbara

image 4.2

stearns wharf

- reasons for choosing

- vibrant

includes a variety of income levels throughout the city

proximity to the ocean

has already resorted to a desalination plant

shows a desire to want to make a change in water usage

has seen little to no rain in over a year

life , architecture , and cultural ties

image t h e 4.3g -osanta l d ebarbara n s tat e

image 4.4

desalination plant

desalination in santa barbara

One of the main reasons for choosing Santa Barbara as the hosting site is the fact that they have already resorted to desalination. They built this system a few decades ago for another drought, but used it for less than a year. Recently, the city invested $58 million to get the plant up and running again. Many are excited for its opening, but the plant is expected to only provide enough for 30% of total residents.

image 4.5

The big question remains as what are the other residents going to do for a water source? As prices keep soaring and supply keeps shrinking, many will have to find new ways of storing and collecting water. Another big issue that dwells over the city is the amount of energy the plant will consume each day. Some estimates have seen a future energy consumption of up to 5,000 homes. A hefty amount of energy for some fresh water.

desalination plant

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

strong downtown life

With a high amount of tourists throughout the year and a large number of citizens more than well off, the downtown scene remains vibrant and fresh everyday. Most government buildings are nearby, showcasing the prized City Hall and Hall of Records. A tall clocktower with public access has gorgeous views of the city, American Riviera, and beach all in one spot. Shopping is very popular in the downtown area as one of the most beautiful outdoor malls in California sits proudly. Many of the foun-

image 4.6

paseo nuevo

image 4.7

city hall

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

tains have been changed to succulent gardens, showing the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s effort to reduce overall water usage. Top and local brands fight for key locations within the downtown area. There is about a mile or so of beautiful shops, restaurants, and specialty stores. All of these line a gorgeous tree-lined street called State Street. If taken all the way west, it leads to Stearnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Wharf which is pictured on the previous pages. A connection to state street can be an important asset to utilize because of the connection to the ocean.

t image he g d e n s tat e 4.8o-ldowntown

site precedents S i te is imp or ta nt for a pr ojectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s beginning . C ar ef u l t hou g ht was u sed t o sel ec t t he per f ec t site. Site p r ecedents w er e used to hel p w i t h t hi s sel ec t i on pr o c ess. The s i t es c hosen f o r the p r ec ed ent study ar e all located withi n pr ox i m i t y t o t he m ai n do wn t own hu b o f S anta Ba rb a ra . Many ar e consider ed â&#x20AC;&#x153;luxu r y c on dom i n i u m sâ&#x20AC;? t hat do a g r eat jo b of p r ovid ing the lu xur y amenities r esidents wan t . No n e o f t hem show m u c h ef f o r t t o ex p l or e new wa ter technologies or teach their r esi den t s t o be m or e wat er -c o n sc i o u s. They a r e used solely for Spanish Mediter ranean cu l t u r al ex am pl es an d pr ox i m i t y t o var i o u s a menities.

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

t h eimage g o4.9 l d- epaseo n s chapala tat e

Site Determination Precedent Study

Benefits of Complex: ○ little need for

la sevilla 401 chapala street

○

private and public

○

riviera

○

proximity to street life

○

quiet neighborhood

○

open passages for ventilation

○

live / work opportunities

Housing development near both downtown and the beach. Difficult selling remaining units because buyers do not see the value in such a small unit. year built: 2008 location: chapala street and gutierrez street building style: spanish mediterranean condominiums

vehicle

mountain views

Weaknesses of Complex: ○ very expensive for

units

○

wasted space in many units

○

no prevelant water tech

○

non - pervious surfaces

close to: mall, downtown, grocery, beach, office district

○

only one - two bed . units

minutes to beach: eleven minutes

○

limited amenities

○

no community amenities

lot size: 312 ft x 320 ft (99,840 total sq ft) number of units: 34 total average unit size: 1780 sq ft (one and two bed. offered)

minutes to downtown: eight minutes to paseo nuevo closest grocery store: twelve minutes to raplhs complex amenities: underground parking, balconies, gated, live/work housing options, businesses on sidewalk level

image 4.10

sevilla

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

t h eimage g o4.11 l d-e sevilla n s tat e

Site Determination Precedent Study

Benefits of Complex: ○ little need for

alma del pueblo 18 w victoria street

○

complex amenities

○

proximity to grocery

○

proximity to street life

○

community - based amenities

○

social gathering spaces

○

affordable housing option

A new development in the heart of the city. Close to historic theaters and shopping. While it obtains a Platinum LEED status, it does not teach residents how to be more sustainable. year built: 2014 location: chapala street and victoria street building style: spanish mediterranean condominiums

vehicle

Weaknesses of Complex: ○ very expensive for

many units

○

wasted space in many units

○

no prevelant water tech

○

non - pervious surfaces

close to: theatre, downtown, grocery, office district

○

only one - two bed . units

minutes to beach: twenty-seven minutes

○

gated and closed off

○

next to busy streets

lot size: 165 ft x 236 ft (38,940 total sq ft) number of units: 37 total average unit size: 1200 sq ft (one and two bed. offered)

minutes to downtown: eleven minutes to paseo nuevo closest grocery store: one minute to public market complex amenities: underground parking, balconies, gated, businesses on sidewalk level, rooftop gardens, social gathering spaces, workout room, neighboring grocery store

image 4.12

alma del pueblo

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

image 4.13

t e g l d e n s tat e -h alma delopueblo

Site Determination Precedent Study

Benefits of Complex: ○ little need for

el andaluz 531 chapala street

○

private and public

○

beautiful common spaces

○

proximity to street life

○

quiet neighborhood

○

open passages for ventilation

○

ocean breeze and mild summers

Built by the famous architect, Jeff Shelton. Buyers attracted to interiors filled with handmade Spanich tiles and custom features. Location seems odd for such an expensive complex.

year built: 2008 location: chapala street and cota street building style: spanish, gaudi-esque condominiums

vehicle

Weaknesses of Complex: ○ very expensive ( $2 +

million )

○

wasted space in many units

○

no prevelant water tech

○

non - pervious surfaces

close to: mall, downtown, grocery, beach, office district

○

few unites for complex size

minutes to beach: fourteen minutes

○

limited amenities

○

no community amenities

○

awkward neighboring views

lot size: 141 ft x 113 ft (15,633 total sq ft) number of units: 7 units total average unit size: 2600 sq ft (one to three bed. offered)

minutes to downtown: five minutes to paseo nuevo closest grocery store: nine minutes to raplhs complex amenities: underground parking, balconies, gated, businesses on sidewalk level, custom interiors, gorgeous exteriors, customizable floor plans

image 4.14

el andaluz

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

t image he g o l-dele andaluz n s tat e 4.15

Site Determination Precedent Study

Benefits of Complex: ○ little need for

anacapa villas 622 anacapa street

○

pervious surfaces

○

riviera

○

proximity to state street

○

quiet neighborhood

○

cross ventilation opportunities

○

great for families

Small complex of condominium units behind a beautiful white, Spanish stucco facade. Neighborhood feel, but still has easy access to sidewalk life.

year built: 2006 location: anacapa street and ortega street building style: spanish mediterranean condominiums

vehicle

mountain views

Weaknesses of Complex: ○ very expensive ($1.6+

million )

○

some units too large

○

no prevelant water tech

○

limited amenities

close to: mall, downtown, grocery, beach, office district

○

no community amenities

minutes to beach: sixteen minutes

○

limited public access

lot size: 115 ft x 213 ft (25,000 total sq ft) number of units: 9 total average unit size: 2,800 sq ft (one to three bed. offered)

minutes to downtown: five minutes to paseo nuevo closest grocery store: eleven minutes to raplhs complex amenities: parking garages, balconies, gated, large spacious units, private yet public

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

t h4.17 e g- o l d e nvillas s tat e image anacapa

Site Determination Precedent Study

Benefits of Complex: ○ little need for

paseo chapala 721 chapala street Located across the street from one of the most beautiful openair malls in California. Close to the freeway and grocery stores. Excellent walk score.

year built: 2006 location: chapala street and de la guerra street building style: spanish mediterranean condominiums

vehicle

○

private and public

○

riviera

○

proximity to street life

○

proxximity to restaurants

○

open passages for ventilation

○

affordable units available

mountain views

Weaknesses of Complex: ○ very expensive for

some units

○

can be noisy at night

○

no prevelant water tech

○

non - pervious surfaces

close to: mall, downtown, grocery, beach, office district

○

limited amenities

minutes to beach: seventeen minutes

○

limited community amenities

lot size: 216 ft x 204 ft (44,064 total sq ft) number of units: 29 total average unit size: 1780 sq ft (one to three bed. offered)

minutes to downtown: two minutes to paseo nuevo closest grocery store: six minutes to raplhs complex amenities: underground parking, balconies, gated, businesses on sidewalk level, variety of housing sizes

image 4.18

paseo chapala

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

image 4.19 t h e- paseo g o lchapala den

s tat e

site selection criteria s e l e c t i o n c r i t e r i a f o r c h o o s i n g t h e s i t e l o c at i o n :

○

close to the downtown region, but not so close to the other

c o m p l e x e s t h at i t b e c o m e s o v e r ly c r o w d e d .

○ site

s h o u l d b e a w a l k i n g d i s ta n c e t o t h e s t e a r n ’ s w h a r f , pa s e o

nuevo shopping mall, office districts, and grocery stores. this will minimize the need for a vehicle.

○ project

l o c at i o n s h o u l d b e w i t h i n a m i x e d n e i g h b o r h o o d t o

at t r a c t a va r i e t y o f r e s i d e n t s . p o s s i b ly i n a n u p c o m i n g pa r t o f t o w n still close to the central hub.

○ site

s h o u l d b e l o c at e d n e a r t h e o c e a n i n c a s e s o m e w at e r

t e c h n o l o g i e s s i m i l a r t o d e s a l i n at i o n a r e u s e d .

Chosen Site Coner of: santa barbara street + east haley street

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

Chosen Site Coner of: santa barbara street + east haley street

image 4.20

site location map

location: chapala street and de la guerra street building style: water-conscious building lot size: 465 ft x 312 ft (145,080 total sq ft) number of units: 25-50 total average unit size: 1000 sq ft (one to three bed. offered) close to: mall, downtown, grocery, beach, office district minutes to beach: fourteen minutes minutes to downtown: ten minutes to paseo nuevo closest grocery store: fifteen minutes to raplhs complex amenities: underground parking, balconies, businesses on sidewalk level, variety of housing sizes, live/work opportunities, security, community outreach, public and private access, commercial components

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

credits works cited

t h e g o l d e n s tat e

introduction chapter

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background chapter information sources :

( continued )

1. Barrigan-Parrilla, Barbara. “Viewpoints: Better Solutions for Managing California’s Water.” Sacbee. January 26, 2014. Accessed September 28, 2015.

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background chapter information sources :

( continued )

16. “Urban Water Conservation and Efficiency – Enormous Potential, Close to Home.” California Drought RSS. June 10, 2014. Accessed September 23, 2015. 17. XIA, ROSANNA, and Monte Morin. “Why One California City Can’t Seem to Conserve Water.” Los Angeles Times. August 1, 2015. Accessed September 29, 2015. 18. Mathur, Anuradha. Design in the Terrain of Water. United States: Applied Research Design Publishing ;, 2014.

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case study chapter image sources :

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( continued )

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program chapter image sources :

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water - conscious building strategies

T his is a senior thesis book desi g n ed t o poi n t m ysel f i n a di r ec t i o n f o r n ex t sem es terâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s studio pr oject. It explor es how S ou t her n C al i f o r n i a i s bec o m i n g m o r e wat er -i n d e pendent and r elying less on the su ppl y f r o m Nor t her n C al i f o r n i a. I t al so ex pl or es new technologies for water sto r ag e an d f r esh wat er c r eat i o n . I t i n c l u des n u m er ou s c ase and pr ecedent studies tha t l ead u p t o a c hosen c i t y an d pr ojec t si t e l oc at i on .

trevor wellman marc _ 590