TÜV SÜD Journal 1/2015 (english version)

TÜV SÜD

journal ST #18 TO THE TE e devices media: Which storag Data storage ble archiving? are suitable for relia OVE #24 ON THE M pment in São Paulo: Urban develo ith »slum upgrading« Shaping the future w OINT #28 TO THE P s: The opportunities er High-tech fib rbon and challenges of ca

# 01 2015

eality Augmented R

A O INT E V DI N O I S DIMEN NEW

Editorial

DEAR READERS, The digital revolution – the merging of the real and the virtual worlds – has long since entered all areas of our lives. A lot of new terms are shaping our private and business lives, such as the Internet of Things, Smart Home, or Big Data. Tangible applications such as autonomous driving or Smart Man­ u­facturing show how digitization is changing our world in a dramatic way.

We will present you one of these applications on the following pages: augmented reality. The computer-assisted expansion of our perception of reality is advancing and will become even more important in the years to come – thanks to the ubiquitous integration of tablets, smartphones, or smart glasses. The best part: This will make our real world merge even more closely with the digital world. New technologies not only influence what we see; in the future they will determine how we see something. The potential applications are almost unlimited.

A bonus for reality.

How does augmented reality work? The TÜV SÜD Journal app shows you the behind the scenes of the technology.

The front cover of the current TÜV SÜD Journal has a lot to offer: install the augmented reality app »Digipapr« (available from iTunes or Google Play) on your smartphone or tablet. If you launch the app and point your device’s camera at the cover picture, a film will start automatically. What’s it about?

See for yourself.

You can find out more about what augmented reality can do in this edition of the TÜV SÜD Journal. My tip: look at our cover picture through the camera of your smartphone. To do so, you only need a small, free app – the text to the left will tell you exactly how it works. Find out what it means to have your senses expanded.

Best regards,

Dr-Ing Axel Stepken Chairman of the Board of Management of TÜV SÜD AG

2 TÜV SÜD Journal

Table of content

#06

COVER STORY

Augmented reality applications reveal a new world to us, full of additional information.

To the

On the

To the

What’s on people’s minds around the world? We take a closer look at technical and social trends.

A look at the world of tomorrow: These innovations could soon be indispensable parts of our daily lives.

Get to the bottom of it: Our »add value« pages make complex issues understandable.

#16 Backup for eternity?

For companies, information is capital, and it has to be protected accordingly. But not all forms of storage are suitable for making reliable archives.

#22 One hundred percent roadworthy TÜV SÜD has been synonymous with safety for almost 150 years. The company helps keep roads safe with its inspections of cars and other vehicles.

#28 Hanging by a black thread Industry is placing ever greater demands on mate­ rials – they are expected to reduce CO2 emissions, save energy, and guarantee sustainable produc­ tion. Carbon can live up to these challenges.

#18 Copy it!

Copycats who successfully reproduce business ideas are perceived as a threat.

But sometimes it can make sense to adapt good products.

#24 The permeable city When megacities like São Paulo grow, their problem zones grow, too. But instead of clearing the poor areas, policymakers and planners in Brazil are trying »slum upgrading.«

#30 Easter egg tips What would Easter be without Easter eggs?

They are boiled, dyed, hidden, given away, and then consumed. There is plenty of trivia to share about eggs. Here are five facts.

#4 TÜV SÜD in focus #14 5 minutes with TÜV SÜD

#21 On location #31 Dates/imprint

#32 5 minutes with TÜV SÜD #34 The final say

TEST

MOVE

POINT

TÜV SÜD Journal 3

TÜV SÜD im in focus Bild

Emotional

ENCOUNTERS

Rio de Janeiro, July 13, 2014, 6:24 p.m. local time: Mario Götze and Thomas Müller celebrate the 1:0 winning goal of Germany’s national soccer team in the final of the World Cup – along with millions of people at home in Germany. Anyone who would like to relive moments like this will be able to do so from summer 2015, because that is when the German Soccer Museum will open in Dortmund. The slogan of the multimedia exhibition will be »We Are Soccer.« Enjoying pride of place in the collection will be Helmut Rahn’s boot from the 1954 World Cup victory, the jersey Gerd Müller wore in the 1974 final and the ball that Oliver Bierhoff kicked in 1996 to make Germany European Champions. During the last years TÜV SÜD also had its eye on the ball while the museum was built: the company drew up a building safety concept and inspected it for compliance with building regulations. In addition, it was responsible for inspecting the electrical systems, elevators and ventilation systems. In the end, the experts held up neither a yellow nor a red card; they gave the museum the green light, and kick-off will be in just a few months.

More information: www.tuev-sued.com/plants_buildings_technical_facilities

4 TÜV SÜD Journal

TÜV TÜVSÜD SÜDinim focus Bild

TÜV SÜD Journal 5

Cover story

The most successful innovations are usually the ones that sneak into our everyday lives almost imperceptibly. One example is augmented reality applications that wrap the real world in a web of digital information and added value.

Gazing into this extended reality is actually quite easy. Many people already have a window on it, in the form of the smartphone in their hands.

Text: Timour Chafik

THE WORLD IS NOT ENOUGH 6 TĂœV SĂœD Journal

Titelstory Cover story

Decorate with confidence Purist, modernist or perhaps classical?

Gone are the days when you have to stand among a store’s shelves and wonder whether a vase matches your dining table. With the right augmented reality app you can place furnishings and decorative items directly into the four walls of your own home. And once you’ve found the right item, a tap of the finger is all it takes to order it and have it delivered to your doorstep.

»

TÜV SÜD Journal 7

»

Cover story

CHECKLIST AIRCRAFT TURBINE MAINTENANCE 1. Remove cover On the bottom edge you will find a safety handle. Pull and unlock it at the same time.

2. Inspect for damage Move the tablet so that the camera records each unit.

3. Remove unit if damaged The damaged unit is then displayed and can be removed.

Safety during maintenance Instructions for complex tasks How exactly is an aircraft turbine serviced? Up to now service technicians often had to refer to paper or PDF files. Augmented reality applications now show them the necessary steps on a tablet. When required, a tap of the finger is all it takes to obtain additional information.

»

M

ore than half a century ago, virtual reality was confined in a massive box and was assigned the Patent Num­ ber 3,050,870 of the United States Patent and Trademark Office. If you wanted, you could sit on a swivel chair upholstered with red fabric and move up right next to the box, which looked like a cross between a passport photo booth and an arcade game. Then, you could choose among a helicopter flight, des­ ert rally, or motorbike trip through Brook­ lyn, and without further ado, the waves of sensory stimulation began. It rattled and roared inside the box; there was a smell of 8 TÜV SÜD Journal

gasoline or desert sand, or both. A brave new world opened up in the »Sensorama Simula­ tor,« as the box was named by its inventor, Morton Heilig.

To this day, Heilig is considered the in­ ventor of virtual reality. But his innovative box didn’t gain acceptance. It was overtaken by the terrific speed of subsequent innova­ tions. It was overtaken by automation, com­ puterization, the spread of digital technolo­ gy, and thus by all the great technological revolutions, the practical manifestations of which include the Internet and the linking of almost everything. Today, the exten­ sion of reality can no longer be contained

within a closed booth. It has grown into an »Outernet,« into an augmented reality (AR) in which the ubiquitous information comes to the person and not the other way around.

In this augmented reality, the hyperlink leaves the computer and enters reality. With the help ob tablet computers, smartphones or smart glasses the near field is enriched with data. »In the Internet, only space and the computer played a role; in the Outer­ net, the surrounding circumstances – the context of the information – also plays a role, and a far greater role,« says Sebastian Metzner, head of research at the Hamburgbased trend research institute TrendOne.

Cover story

I spy with my little eye ...

Training with augmented reality Practice makes a perfect mechanic With augmented reality apps, users in the auto industry can demonstrate maintenance work and conduct training with a virtual car. The app supplies the mechanic with all the relevant information.

» And Metzner provides a concrete formula for this augmented reality: »P2T2. In other words: places, people, time, and things.

Only when these four factors are meaning­ fully combined with one another do you get real added val­ue that a customer will pay for.« P2T2 – that can be the movie app on the smartphone that knows its owner is looking for the newest blockbusters and therefore displays all the movie theaters and their programs within a radius of ten kilo­ meters. It’s perhaps the digital catalogue of the furniture store whose products can be positioned in a newly rented and still emp­ ty apartment using the smartphone camera

and screen. And it can also be the app for servic­i ng aircraft turbines.

Aircraft turbines and filters

Performing maintenance on an engine of this kind is a complex procedure that also has a considerable impact on safety. Full and complete access must be assured to a large number of documents. At the same time, the service engineer needs information that is always up to date technically, available onsite, legible, and intelligible. The materials, machines, and requirements are constantly being developed further in ever shorter cy­ cles; the technology is growing more com­

Virtual reality has its rough edges, and that’s a good thing: the »smart glasses« that implement this technology use a technique called »edge-based tracking« to figure out what they’re looking at. »They recognize the object and then know what has to be overlaid with what information,« explains Anett GläselMaslov from Metaio, one of the leading software makers for augmented reality applications.

Some preliminary work is needed for this. Ideally, information from the manufacturer, such as CAD data, should be fed into the software during the production process of a new car model, for example. The glasses then »translate« this information into a visual layer that is superimposed on the reality. The big challenge here is that, as the number of products and variants increases, the amount of data that must be fed into the software steadily grows also. But there­ in lies the primary benefit of applications: the ability to tell at a glance what variant of a vehicle model is driving up at the moment and to supply the matching information.

plex all the time. What could help here are granular filters that reduce the complexity to its essentials.

To this end, the Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD and T-Systems have developed a maintenance manual for aircraft designed for a tablet computer. For each operation, it provides all the relevant information and can display it in the correct spatial position at the individ­ ual parts and components. »We record 3D worlds, and by comparing data with a CAD model, we can therefore register exactly where there are deviations,« says Dr Ulrich Bockholt, head of the department of Virtual TÜV SÜD Journal 9

Cover story

»For augmented reality to succeed, it’s critical to introduce

people

to the technology step by step and through intuitive interfaces.« – Dr Ulrich Bockholt of Fraunhofer IGD

How wind makes lamps shine Illuminating power for up to 7,300 years A windmill can supply up to seven million kilowatt hours of energy – enough to light an energy-saving lamp continuously for almost 630 million hours. Anyone curious about how electricity gets from the power plant to the bedside table can simply aim their smartphone at a nearby power line.

» 10 TÜV SÜD Journal

Cover story

and Augmented Reality at Fraunhofer IGD. For instance, corrosion on an engine can be recorded, documented, incorporated back into the 3D model, and subsequently shown for the repair.

This method can be both copied and scaled. It can be applied to aircraft turbines, elevators, facility management, or tests of ve­ hicle roadworthiness. This means: augmented reality (AR) will deeply permeate our every­ day lives in the coming years, changing exis­ ting jobs and creating new opportunities.

Meanwhile, the penetration of innovative AR applications depends to a great extent on how easy it is made for the user to work with them. After all, when a new technol­ogy is introduced something differ­ent is ex­pected of workers and the tools they are supposed to work with. »It isn’t enough to put a tab­ let in someone’s hand or a pair of AR smart glasses on someone’s head and then leave them be,« says Bockholt. »For an innovation to succeed, it’s critical to intro­duce people to the technology step by step and through intuitive interfaces.« Tetris in the delivery van

Evoke needs and then combine that with the specific benefit – then the chances are good that augmented reality applications will be­ come integrated into everyday life, at home or in the office, almost by themselves. »It may

not have happened all by itself in our case, but it was definitely pretty easy,« says Kat­ rin Zeiler from the Trend Research Team of the logistics company DHL. The data glas­ ses »Google Glass,« which was one of the first prototypes on the market but has now been excelled by other manufacturers, really opened the door. The glasses operate like a head-up display and insert information into the field of view of its wearer. »That brought ­quite a lot of attention – at least enough so that everyone wanted to put the gadget on once and try out augmented reality for themselves,« says Zeiler.

DHL has now gone beyond this »gim­ mick phase.« Since late 2014, the company has been testing the smart glasses in orderpicking and plans to introduce an AR ap­ plication known internally as the »Tetris App.« It is intended to be a visual application that would help assign each package to the ­optimum space when loading a truck for a journey. »Dur­ing delivery, the driver is then automatically shown where the package for a particular recipient is located,« says Zei­ ler. »This allows us to bring innovation and trends to the organization: via a showcase that offers our customers a tangible added value.« Augmented reality follows an iterative process, believes Dr Ulrich Bockholt of the Fraunhofer IGD. It’s a process »in which

every employee is part of the technological development and thus part of the innova­ tion.« And that innovation, Bockholt says, takes place not only in the research institute but also to a great extent among the users themselves. The acts of defining product specifications in the world of industry or defining the needs of consumers are no less innovative than the algorithms developed on the research side, he says. »Today, basically all tradesmen carry around a smartphone, so we have to develop technologies for the platforms that we all use already anyway,« he adds. Or, to put it another way: the user carries reality in his hand. That may have a philosophical ring to it, and sometimes it does ring in a literal sense. It’s just his smart­ phone, after all.

More info on this topic: www.tuev-sued.com/digital-service

Three books, one subject: interesting insights into augmented reality Understanding Augmented Reality Alan B. Craig is an expert in virtual reality. In this book, he summarizes what’s needed to experience augmented reality. Morgan Kaufmann, 296 pages

Augmented Reality – Law, Privacy, and Ethics Communications expert Brian D. Wassom explains the relationship between augmented reality, laws, and morality. Syngress Media, 224 pages

Augmented Reality Art Editor Vladimir Geroimenko has put together a collection of essays from artists, research­ ers, and practitioners who view the subject of augmented reality from the point of view of art. Springer, 340 pages

TÜV SÜD Journal 11

Point of view

A

ugmented reality, wearables, con­ nected cars, smart homes, Industry 4.0 – wheth­ er in consumer or industrial goods, there is movement and change underway everywhere. The spread of digital technology is giving rise to new things that we want to watch and shape. To do so, we need in-depth digital expertise, if we hope to ensure, for example, that cyberattacks on industrial facilities, production lines, or logis­ tics systems can be prevented. In order to react properly in this regard, a basic understanding of digital innovations is needed. Today, the number of employees who deal with these top­ ics at TÜV SÜD is still fairly small, but it will grow dramatically. That doesn’t mean that in the future we’ll employ only »digital natives.« But when digital technology reaches through all social classes and sectors of the economy and leaves lasting marks in all of them, then there is also a change in what is expected of our work. There is a shift in the standards that we set for ourselves, but also in the standards that our customers expect from us. To put new services and new products faster on the market, we need a culture of innovation, one that permits more willingness to take risks but also permits failure at times. »Go for it,« is some­thing we have to say and hear more often, both among our employees and among man­ agement. We have a lot of inventive, highly motivated employees who enjoy development and enjoy having new goals. Their enthusiasm is needed more than ever. It requires a learning process that presupposes a willingness to take risks. Because it is only through this learning that we manage to move forward.

»We need a culture of innovation, one that permits more willingness to take risks but also permits failure at times.«

POINTS Oliver Jacob, Corporate Division Manager Strategy and Innovation at TÜV SÜD, oversees the Digital Services program of the company

GO FOR IT More courage, more innovations

12 TÜV SÜD Journal

Point of view

»If you’re always just trying to avoid mistakes, you’ll only move at a snail’s pace.«

OF VIEW Professor Marco Gercke, Director of the Cybercrime Research Institute, advises corporations and governments concerning cybersecurity

W

e’ve witnessed how entire sec­ tors of industry die off if they stop develop­ ing. We’ve seen in the case of large department store chains that the classical department store can’t survive if it doesn’t find an up to date business model. In this respect, it’s criti­ cal, especially for an established company like TÜV SÜD, to find new roles for the future. In the overall context of the spread of digital technology, I believe that cyber­ security can be an important area of work.

Data can be manipulated; it provides a tar­ get that must be defended. One example: cars with an odometer that’s been manipu­ lated. I believe the customer is willing to pay mon­ey to have someone take a close look at this and do an examination. Or, to put it an­other way: we don’t trust electro­ nics, but we do trust TÜV SÜD. I see an »enabler function« here for the company, which stands between various partners and can there­fore generate trust across multiple sectors. And I see TÜV SÜD in the role of a benchmark that defines the requirements for var­ious groups. As a result, TÜV SÜD can strengthen its own capacity for inno­ vation while also offering its customers security in developing their own digital business figures. With a certification that provides a company a greater sense of se­ curity, it can dare to innovate. For this, one has to be innovative oneself, and take risks in order to keep up with the advance of dig­ital technology. Because if you’re al­ ways just trying to avoid mistakes, you’ll only move at a snail’s pace.

In the future, responding properly to the spread of digital technology and its innovations – whether augmented reality or Industry 4.0 – will be a key factor for companies. The prerequisite for this is a new culture that permits mistakes in order to keep up with the rapid pace of digital developments.

TÜV SÜD Journal 13

5 minutes

QR codes offer additional info about certificates

New drive-over tests for plugs and charging boxes

A single audit for different markets

More info for interested customers: Shoppers who would like to find out more about a TÜV SÜD-certified product will find a QR code beside the octagonal quality seal on many items. Just scan the code and your device will call up data about the certificate from the TÜV SÜD online database. The information includes the certificate’s period of validity and the test regulations.

The number of electric vehicles on the roads is rising – and so is the quantity of required infrastructure such as plugs and charging boxes. To ensure that these are safe, they must be protected against hazards such as being driven over.

TÜV SÜD can now test these criteria on its own testing station – and our tests conform to the international standards IEC 62196-1, UL 2251 and SAE J1772.

TÜV SÜD is one of the first auditing organizations to offer audits within the MDSAP pilot project. As part of this Medical Devices Single Audit Program, a joint standard is currently being devel­ oped for quality management audits among medical product manufacturers. This standard, once complete, would then be recognized by several countries, including the USA and Brazil.

michael.kappelan@tuev-sued.de

sami.demircan@tuev-sued.de

Modernization of thermal power plants in India

Coal-fired power plants are the backbone of the electricity supply in India. As part of a comprehensive refurbishment and modernization plan, the country’s electricity authority is currently having more than 50 power plants overhauled – with the support of TÜV SÜD. The company was entrusted with the wideranging evaluation of a power plant in the state of Madhya Pradesh. The main focus of the work is on determining the condition of the plant and its performance, as well as calculating the remaining service life of the pow­ er plant components. The results presented

by TÜV SÜD’s power plant experts will then form the basis for the planning and execution of the necessary renovation work. With its refurbishment and modernization concept, the Indian government has set the course towards both closing the gap between energy needs and energy production and fulfilling its ambitious climate targets. Around the country, plants with a total capacity of almost 50,000 MW are to be modernized. bratin.roy@tuv-sud.in

14 TÜV SÜD Journal

georg.bauer@tuev-sued.de

5

2015 TÜV Report: Cars are getting safer again

The winner is vehicle safety. For the first time in years, the fault rate in Germany has dropped – by 1.4 percentage points to 23.5 percent. That is the most important news in the 2015 TÜV Report. The publication is issued every year by the Verband der TÜV e.V. The vehicle roadworthiness tests of the second half of 2013 and the first half of 2014 were evaluated. The vehicles with the lowest fault rates TÜV SÜD alone evaluated over overall were the Mercedes SLK, the Audi A6, and the SUV Mercedes GLK. The victor among small cars was the Mazda 2, while the Mercedes C-Class was best among mid-range cars. Last year’s overall winner, the Opel Meriva, vehicle tests for the 2015 received the distinction »Best MPV.« TÜV Report.

Lighting remains the problem child among all classes: defective lights are still the most complained-about »significant faults« in the vehicle roadworthiness test.

But even here there are signs of improvement. According to the experts, that’s down to the lower vulnerability and longer service life of modern lamps.

over four million

vincenzo.luca@tuev-sued.de

5 minutes

Research report on alcohol immobilizers

Dr Axel Stepken

Alcohol interlocks are car immobilizers that prevent the car from being started if they detect alcohol on the driver’s breath. In conjunction with appropriate rehabilitation measures, the devices could, in the future, cause a long-term reduction in the risk of a relapse among people who have been convicted of drinking and driving. That is the result of a research report drawn up by TÜV SÜD and commissioned by Germany’s Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt). The report looked at how interlocks work and which group of drivers who have committed alcohol-related offences the technology could target. The research report also presents the world’s first concept that involves parallel rehabilitation from a traffic psychology point of view, because the data from the immobilizer is used to help treat the participants. The readings obtained from the immobilizer can be used to give therapists quick and objective feedback on their clients’ progress, enabling the therapists to work with their clients on permanently changing their behavior.

Dr Axel Stepken has been the new Chairman of the Professional Affairs Advisory Council of the Association of German Engineers (VDI) since January 2015. This means that the Chairman of the Board of TÜV SÜD AG is now also a member of the VDI Executive Board. With over 150,000 members in 45 district associations, VDI is the largest federation of engineers in Germany.

juergen.merz@tuev-sued.de

minutes

with TÜV SÜD

axel.stepken@tuev-sued.de

Klemens Schmiederer Since February 2015, Klemens Schmiederer has been a member of the Board of Management of TÜV SÜD AG. The 55year-old qualified engineer has previously been, among other positions, a member of the Executive Board of Behr Group and has profound expertise in the automobile industry. On the TÜV SÜD Board of Management, he will assume responsibility for the MOBILITY Segment. klemens.schmiederer@tuev-sued.de

Horst Schneider 25 years in service for more safety

Horst Schneider, who has been responsible for the MOBILITY Segment as a member of the TÜV SÜD Board of Management since 2010, will leave the Board at the end of April 2015 for reasons of age.

After over four decades in lead­ing positions at TÜV SÜD Group, he will remain true to the company in the future as a member of the Board of Management of the TÜV SÜD Foundation. horst.schneider@tuev-sued.de

A quarter of a century – that’s the milestone that TÜV SÜD’s Product Services Division was able to celebrate at the end of 2014. In 1989, the TÜV SÜD Group laid the foundation for worldwide product test­ ing when it founded its own company. The result: around 500,000 product certificates have been issued in the last 25 years. Today, more than 4,500 experts – most of whom are located in the manufacturing countries in Asia – work to ensure the safety and reliability of products. The Product Services Division of TÜV SÜD supports manufacturers, importers, and commercial enterprises in fulfilling legal requirements and consumer expectations in the international markets. The range of sectors covered includes household appliances, consumer electronics, medical products, textiles, telecommunication devices, and food. The Division holds around 100 national and international accreditations, notifications, and appellations, for example for medical products, product safety, and electromagnetic compatibility. heidi.atzler@tuev-sued.de

Prof Dr Wolfgang A. Herrmann The President of Technische Universität München, Prof Dr Wolfgang A. Herrmann, is the new member of the Board of Trustees of the TÜV SÜD Foundation.

The non-profit founda­ tion promotes education and science and makes a major contribution to the fact that young people are fascinated by these topics. praesident@tum.de

TÜV SÜD Journal 15

16 TÜV SÜD Journal

1930 Long-playing record

1890 Punch card/ punched paper tape

1887 Celluloid roll film (photographic film)

1859 Microfilm

AD 200 Paper

3,000 BC Papyrus

40,000 BC Cave paintings/ stone tablets

UP TO 500 YEARS

PAPER

PUNCH CARD/ PUNCHED PAPER TAPE several hundred years

OVER 100 YEARS

NEWSPAPER: 10 to 20 YEARS, ACIDIC PAPER: 70 to 100 YEARS, ACID-FREE PAPER: SEVERAL HUNDRED YEARS

CELLULOID ROLL Film (PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM)

LIFETIME: SEVERAL THOUSANDS OF YEARS

MICROFILM

PAPYRUS PAPYRUS UP TO 200 YEARS, OR SEVERAL HUNDRED YEARS IN A DRY ENVIRONMENT

CAVE PAINTINGS/CLAY TABLETS

Development of storage media

Text: Tanja Strauß

»Analog« media like paper and clay tablets are expressive and last for hundreds of years. Another advantage: they can be read at any time without any aids. On the downside, their capacity is fairly small.

More space for important data is offered by »electronic« media, which can only be read with special devices. Whether or not punch cards, VHS cassettes and USB sticks will still be able to convey knowledge in a thousand years depends on the availability of these devices.

FOR ETERNITY?

The 11th U.S. census (1890) was the first in which punch cards were wide­ ly used. Herman Hollerith – the founder of IBM – developed the card, which is regarded as the forerunner of digital storage media.

Data was stored on the card by punching holes at predefined positions.

Digital precursor

People have been collecting and storing information for thousands of years. That information used to be carved onto stone or written on paper, but today it is chiefly stored in digital format – on DVDs, USB sticks, SD cards or in huge server farms. But in terms of durability, stone tablets and paper are far superior.

FOR ETERNITY?

BACKUP #16 S STO ECUR RAG E #18 E C IMI LEVER TAT ION S

TO T TE S H E T

To the test

Under development Holographic Versatile Disc, biological storage/DNA digital data storage

2001 SD memory card

2000 USB-stick

1995 Compact Flash

1995 DVD

1992 Digital Compact Cassette

1981 Compact Disc

1976 VHS cassette

1963 Compact cassette

1956 Hard disk drive

10 to 30 years

UP TO 30 YEARS

FLOP:

DIGITAL COMPACT CASSETTE

UNDER DEVELOPMENT:

HOLOGRAPHIC VERSATILE DISC

Flops and future developments

USB STICK

up to 25 years, sometimes longer

5 to 10 YEARS

DVD (Digital Versatile Disc)

COMPACT DISC

UP TO 30 YEARS

2 to 10 YEARS

SEVERAL DECADES

VHS CASSETTE

HARD DISK DRIVE

Long-playing record

UNDER DEVELOPMENT:

BIOLOGICAL STORAGE/ DNA DIGITAL DATA

10 to 30 YEARS

SD MEMORY CARD

10 to 30 YEARS

COMPACT FLASH MEMORY CARD

UP TO 30 YEARS

COMPACT CASSETTE

A special kind of data storage is located in the American Museum of Natural History.

To celebrate the turn of the millennium, the New York Times created a time capsule that won‘t be opened until the year 3000. What will the people of the future find in the »New York Times Capsule«? Among other things, millennium issues of the »New York Times Magazine.« The information was inscribed on so-called HD-Rosetta disks, made by a company called Norsam Technologies, using an ion beam. The disks are no larger than a Christmas cookie, but can store 90,000 pages of text and images.

PACKAGING THE PRESENT FOR THE FUTURE

Gold-plated copper disks with en­ graved images and sound messages were included on board the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 space probes launched in 1977. They are intended to inform any existing extraterrestrials about humans and their world. The estimated life span of the data disks: 500 million years – much longer than any conventional media.

Greetings for aliens

Cloud storage on the Internet promises easy data storage for any computer or mobile device. The servers used by cloud service provid­ers can easily store data for several decades. But how safe are these clouds? »I would have to advise consumers not to simply accept the data protection policy of such an online service before having read it,« said Rainer Seidlitz of TÜV SÜD Sec IT. »They should consider what data they want to entrust to whom and under what conditions. In principle, they are paying for the ›free‹ services they’re being offered with their personal data.«

IN THE CLOUD

To the test

TÜV SÜD Journal 17

To the test

»A well-executed imitation is a clever further development of the original.« This assertion is put forward by American scientist Oded Shenkar.

18 TÜV SÜD Journal

To the test

COPY IT! Companies shouldn’t just invest in research and development; they should also find ways to apply existing technologies intelligently, according to Professor Oded Shenkar. In this interview, the scientist explains why imitations are sometimes better than their reputation.

Interview: Thomas Weber

Professor Shenkar, in your book Copycats, you claim that innovation is overrated. How did you reach this conclusion?

Many companies that we think are inventors are actually good imitators. One example: Neither McDonald’s nor Burger King invented the fast-food burger – it was White Castle, a company which is now more or less unknown. This effect is called »survivor bias:« we only know the winners.

customers to use credit cards. But their successors, Visa, MasterCard, and American Express, were then able to settle into a wellfeathered nest.

protected for a limited time – and that’s the way it should be.

Why? Some firms and brands are so well known that we think they invented the product. But often they’re just skillful imitators.

Does this mean that one should wait until a product becomes established and then copy it?

No. But it is just as wrong to equate en­ trepreneurship exclusively with ingenious inventions. Successful company founders and start-ups actively look for functioning concepts and business ideas. They use user feedback intelligently and learn from the teething problems experienced by the pioneers.

A lot of companies invest in the development of new products in order to secure a competitive advantage.

But that’s over as soon as there is an imitation that works better technically, costs less, or offers a better overall price-performance ratio. Then a lot of consumers will choose the plagiarized version. The only exceptions to this rule are luxury products: There will always be people who are ready to pay a lot of money to adorn themselves with luxury goods. But they are a minority.

Does that mean that copies are not automatically worse than the original?

That would be too sweeping a generalization.

Many imitation products have been further developed than the original; they have more functions or are more user-friendly, for instance. They also benefit from an established market. Diners Club, for example, had to work hard to convince retailers and

All the same, copying often violates property rights.

That’s true, and that’s one reason for the bad image that imitations have. Of course there must be laws to prevent product piracy.

Company founders and start-ups that imitate or adapt successful products may not violate them. Some business models, however, cannot be protected – or can only be

Does that mean that the West’s fear of imitations from the Far East is unjustified?

No, quite the opposite. Cheap mass-pro­­ duced goods have helped China’s economy enormously and have made it a serious competitor. A lot of Western companies were quite surprised by this development because they wrongly believed that economic TÜV SÜD Journal 19

To the test

imitation

»I think that the age of has long since started.« – Professor Oded Shenkar

Successful adaptation: Apple’s iPod has more or less ousted older MP3 players.

growth is not possible without innovation.

The big challenge for them is to react in the right way.

And then what will happen?

I think that the age of imitation has long since started. On the one hand, it’s connected to globalization. We travel more, see more, and communicate more. There is a lot of fluctuation on the labor market, and ideas are exchanged between international teams.

Furthermore, today’s technology has made it much easier to create good copies. And we need these imitations because a lot of people cannot afford the expensive originals.

But we cannot forgo research and development.

Indeed not. That’s why I’m not saying that we don’t need innovation. But in addition to innovative strength, it is important to create an infrastructure that allows products to be manufactured quickly and easily. Or, to put it another way: The key to success lies in successfully transferring inventions to mass prod­uction.

20 TÜV SÜD Journal

Which strategy do you think is the most successful?

I would advise a combination of imita­tion and innovation that I call »imovation.« China is currently putting everything into improving its innovative strength and is investing a lot of money in research and devel­ opment. That, however, does not guarantee economic success. Germany has the balance just about right: a lot of technological processes are imported and then applied intelligently.

How can companies protect their products?

Unfortunately, business models can only be protected to a certain extent by means of legal measures, secrecy, and IT security.

Companies selling products that give their customers a higher social status have the best chance. They have an advantage compared to competitors that adapt their ideas.

More information on product development: www.tuev-sued.com/ps

Professor Oded Shenkar If you are able to imitate, you can give yourself the edge. Oded Shenkar applies this lesson from evolutionary research to the economic sciences. In his book, Copycats: How Smart Companies Use Imitation to Gain a Strategic Edge, he shows that imitations can produce economic growth just as innovation can. Shenkar lectures at the Fisher College of Business of Ohio State University and has visiting professorships at universities in China, Japan, and Israel. He also advises international companies, governments, and institutions on matters of business and management, strategic relationships, and organizational theory.

On location

People:

Dive for more safety Peter von Elterlein-Szalata is an expert for flat-bottomed tanks. In order to facilitate easier inspections of these systems, TÜV SÜD has developed a diving robot. Here it can be seen just before taking a dip in oil.

T

hey call it »ROV,« and what it’s doing is a »ROVolution.« The three letters stand for »remotely operated vehicle.« To be more precise, ROV is a diving robot intended to make a few things simpler, safer, and quicker.

ROV, which was developed by the Nurembergbased company Actemium Cegelec in conjunction with TÜV SÜD, is used to perform safety inspections on flat-bottomed tanks. It inspects the wall thickness of the tanks with state-of-the-art ultrasound sensor technology and transmits camera im­ ages in real time to an evaluation station. The robot is equipped with safety features that allow it to be deployed in flammable liquids. The tank being in­ spected no longer needs to be emptied, cleaned, and degassed. »An enormous advance in safety and environmental protection,« says TÜV SÜD expert Peter von Elterlein-Szalata. »The dangerous deployment of personnel in the tank is no longer required, and the waste and emissions produced when degassing and burning off highly volatile products are also a thing of the past.« Until now, the gases have been burned off using specially developed equipment, because legal requirements mean that they cannot escape into the atmosphere. This means that raw materials are lost and CO2, which is damaging to the climate, is produced.

The use of ROV has yet another benefit: it saves a lot of time. Previously, the emptying, degassing, and cleaning of storage tanks took between one and four weeks, as the TÜV SÜD expert knows. These were costly and time-consuming downtimes, which represented a big problem to tank operators, but which thanks to the diving robot will soon be a thing of the past.

More information on this topic: www.tuv-sud.com/steam-and-pressure-technology

TÜV SÜD Journal 21

On the move

ON THE MOVE

ng o f #22 Testi hiness roadwort de #24 Upgra s for favela

HUNDRED ROAD TÜV SÜD has been synonymous with safety for almost 150 years. The company helps keep roads safe with its inspections of cars and other vehicles.

LABORIOUS TESTS In the Steam Boiler Inspectorates, later renamed TÜV, separate departments were created for the »testing of vehicles and their drivers.« Testing brakes and other automobile parts was hard work at the time. Testing stations with pits and car lifts didn’t exist yet. The inspectors had to perform safety checks by rolling under the cars on creepers.

1906 A TEST IS BORN

1920

The first cars roll through Germany. Regular car inspections – initially on a voluntary basis – improve safety on the roads. ­Starting in 1906, these inspections were carried out by the Badenbased »Organization for the Inspection and Insurance of Steam Boilers« (Gesellschaft zur Überwachung und Versicherung von Dampfkesseln), a forerunner of TÜV SÜD.

Mass mobility began in the 1950s. Cars became affordable – and as of 1951, TÜV stickers were required by law. At some testing stations cars queued like in front of borders during the holiday period.

1950

driving off Ju st as I was lized rea on vacation, I ime for the that it was t hiness test. t or w d a ro le ic veh drive over to I was able to y vacation M . y a w a t h g 52 TÛV SÛD ri Jochen Büttner, was saved!

about cars. But g in h yt n a w o n k beBefore, I didn’t I understood a little more, , xplain me e s y a after every test lw a s or ct SÛD in spe 48 Gabriele Wider, cau se the TÛV . g n oi d what they are 22 TÜV SÜD Journal

RUSH ON SERVICE STATIONS

On the move

PERCENT WORTHY

I as great. And w r e in m a ex n se My driver lice at the vehicle s rt e p ex ly d n e always get fri is tip-top. e ic rv se e h T . test 32 Janina Lermer, roadworthiness

EAGLE EYES The TÜV SÜD experts keep a sharp eye on the technical condition of the brakes, an important element of the test.

TESTING ELECTRONICS TÜV SÜD introduces the »electronics vehicle roadworthiness test« in response to the increasing use of electronics in automotive manufacturing. They also test electronic assistance systems like stability control or ABS for vehicles registered from 2006 on.

1961 NEW STICKERS­ Official invitations to the vehicle roadworthiness test are no longer issued.

Stickers are introduced that indicate the date of the next inspection and confirm that the vehicle has passed the safety inspection and is permitted on the roads until that date. Stickers are issued by TÜV SÜD, among other organizations.

1980

2006

2015

The advances in test­ ing tools are impres­ sive. Everything is getgital. ting smaller and moreachtdi -Hülseweh , 37 Philipp Elbr

COLORFUL TIMES The inspection sticker system was changed in 1980 to make checks easier. Every year, the sticker is a different color. The colors are repeated every six years.

THE NUMBER CODE The bold black markings on the inspection sticker make it easier to read. If the black section is on the right, the vehicle has to be in­spected in the spring. If it’s on the bottom, the test is due in the summer. If it’s on the left, an appointment should be made for the autumn. If it’s on the top, the TÜV SÜD experts will be expecting you in the winter.

More information: www.tuv-sud.com/automotive TÜV SÜD Journal 23

On the move

The per

Cit

AROUND 20 MILLION

people live in the São Paulo metropolitan region

Between five and 20 percent

of the population – depending on the statistics used – live in slum-like conditions

When megacities like São Paulo grow, their problem zones grow, too.

But instead of clearing the poor areas, Brazil is trying »slum upgrading.« Selective interventions aim to improve the standard of living and provide incentive for self-help.

Text: Timour Chafik

24 TÜV SÜD Journal

On the move

meable

ty More than 2,000

favelas are located in São Paulo – with 70,000 residents living just in Paraisópolis, the biggest favela

Dreams and reality: the favela in the background is starting to be improved with schools, sport facilities, public transport and places to shop.

TÜV SÜD Journal 25

On the move

A

ccording to UN Habitat, the United Nations Human Settle­ ments Programme, all of the city planners and geographers up to now have to capitulate in the face of the rapid, worldwide urbanization: »One of the most vis­ible signs of the failure to effec­ tively manage the urbanization process is the proliferation of slums,« the UN organization states in its »Participatory Slum Upgrading Programme.« Nearly one billion people live in dangerous or unhealthy conditions world­ wide in slums – in favelas, bidonvilles or shanty towns. And since the world population will not stop growing, and this growth is pri­ marily taking place in urban centers of deve­ loping countries, »urgent actions are needed to improve the living conditions in slums.« Many of the world’s major metropolitan areas are marked by prosperity on one side and extreme poverty on the other. No one has expressed this gulf more aptly than Bra­ zilian photographer Luiz Arthur Leitão Viei­ ra. His picture, entitled »Favela Paraisópolis (swimming pools),« is an aerial photograph of São Paulo’s most famous favela. On the left side there is one shack after another, covered with corrugated steel, and clotheslines ex­ tend like spider webs from some windows on to the other side of the houses. On the right side, a luxury high-rise stretches into the sky, with a dozen balconies fanned out, each with a private, heated swimming pool. A high concrete wall separates the two worlds that collide here, in the midst of the Brazilian metropolis of 11 million people.

It is a powerful image that has been wide­ ly used to show the spatial segregation in the city. But in fact, the segregation of slums is not so striking and is less evident than repre­

sented. The physical demarcation is not created by walls but by the precarious condition of housing, lack of infrastructure and the cha­ otic land occupation, marking the isolation of the slums with its surroundings.

The Jardim São Francisco development has followed the growth of the city of São Pau­ lo. The first public intervention oc­curred in 1979, with the implementation of a landfill in part of the tract. In the following years,

»Favelas

have reached their physical limits. They need to be integrated into the surrounding formal city.« – Ana Maria De Biase, Bureau Since the late 1980s the São Paulo company Bureau de Projetos e Consultoria, a sub­sidiary of TÜV SÜD, has provided services for the housing authority in the city of São Paulo, managing the projects and civil work for the urbanization and integration of the favelas.

This is what is known as »slum upgrading.« It is difficult work that, over time, has managed to make that abstract wall separating the two cities more permeable.

pressed by the accelerated urban growth of the city, the public ad­ministration has al­ located other parts of the land for the con­ struction of social housing. Each government mandate has been performed according to its own guidelines, without promoting in­ tegration with the previous actions. Added

Urban acupuncture If a new bus stop or library is built in a slum area, it is much more than a pure infrastructure project. City planners sometimes refer to this as »urban acupuncture« – a needlepoint in­serted in order to release energy. Residents feel appreciated and are given the opportunity for communication and participation. Ideally, this in turn prompts a feeling of responsibility for the urban space – not least because the slum upgrading relies on involving the residents of the favela early on in the planning phase. Slum upgrading improves living conditions and housing of people and integrates them to the normal city life.

A display of redevelopment measures

In places like Jardim São Francisco, for ex­ ample, the third largest of the more than 2,000 favelas in the metropolitan region.

Around 20 kilometers southeast of the city center, 50,000 people live here in an area of just under 1.8 square kilometers. This favela has been a part of a great number of slum upgrading efforts since the early 1980s – large- and small-scale social housing projects, schools, healthcare facilities and parks as well as the implementation of various bus lines and a highway.

Downgrading and upgrading: the Jardim São Francisco favela Transitional housing is being built on the site.

1979

1981

Opening of the Sapopemba landfill

26 TÜV SÜD Journal

Other parts are occupied by favela residents.

The landfill is being closed.

1982 1,299 regular houses are being built.

1984

1989

1992

The surrounding area of of the landfill is officially being developed with 1,365 houses.

Additional areas are being occupied.

1993 Another official construction project starts. 1,336 houses are being developed.

1996

On the move

to the irregular settlements, the spotty or isolated activities of the government have left the territory further fractured into its various parcels.

The housing authority ultimately recog­ nized this and assigned Bureau with develop­ing and implementing an overarching action plan. »The plan was necessary in order to con­ solidate all of the measures adopted up to this point under a single umbrella and to adapt

them to the requirements of modern city and regional planning,« says Ana Maria De Biase, Bureau’s project management director.

Bureau has been active in Favela Jardim São Francisco since 2002 and was responsi­ble for the management of the construction of so­ cial housing as well as for consulting on and carrying out baseline studies and quality assu­ rance. Today more than 110 employees work in the area of slum upgrading and housing.

Legend Jardim São Francisco limits Main streets Expressway

Road infrastructure, drainage system, sloapes stabilization

Urbanization

Leisure and sports, commercial areas, bus terminals, social facilities

Social housing units

»The Plan was developed based on the know­ ledge and technical performance of Bureau’s staff in the area over the years, always in in­ teraction with the locals and with the muni­ cipality technicians,« says Norma Franzosi, Bureau’s general coordinator of the plan. It aims to integrate the neighborhood into the rest of the city, especially after the construc­ tion of the Jacu-Pêssego Expressway, which further accentuated the separation of terri­ tory in the east and west portions.

The slum upgrading is not just a mat­ ter of investment in basic infrastructure.

It is viewed as a kind of holistic develop­ ment program. Favelas are highly complex problem zones with economic and social precariousness of its inhabitants, and areas where violence and drug-related crimes are alarm­ ingly present. The multidisciplina­ ry cooperation between professionals with various skills is essential to the success of the intervention, as is the involvement of diffe­ rent sectors of civil society: the government, the private sector and social organizations.

Upgrading the slum areas

In the next six years, 950 new houses will be built, the water and sewage infrastructure up­ graded, the street network improved and ex­ panded, and new retail facilities, bus terminals and leisure facilities are to be created. These are all clearly defined projects that are nonetheless much more than only an investment program amounting to US$ 90 million. They improve the living conditions of slum residents while also creating a better spatial balance in the city structure (see box at left). This will not com­ pletely demolish the walls between rich and poor, but slum upgrading can at least make them just a bit more permeable.

The map shows some of the items in the action plan to upgrade the Jardim São Francisco favela.

More information on this topic: www.tuv-sud.com.br

1997 Much of the favela is populated.

»Bureau« is handling the regional planning and producing studies about the situation in the favela.

»Bureau« is inspecting contamination of the ground and water.

Construction of 584 houses as well as bus and sewage connections for 12,645 families

2002

2006

2008

2004

The first »Bureau« project to integrate the favela is being launched.

2007 The Favela Upgrading Program is building the first 88 housing units.

»Bureau« presents a wideranging integration plan for the favela.

2014

2010 Construction of 844 additional houses

TÜV SÜD Journal 27

To the point

TO THE P O INT

T CAN #28 WHA DO? CARBON ER T #30 EAS E EGG GUID

Areas of use

The sports industry, the automobile industry, the aerospace industry, the offshore windfarm industry – all of them have been searching for the material of the future and all have hit on black carbon thread: brake disks, racing bikes, yachts, aircraft fuselages, body parts for rac­ing cars and electric vehicles, roof constructions, components for satellites, and, yes, even rotor blades for wind turbines are today made out of carbon. The areas in which carbon is used are still growing constantly.

HANGING BY A BLACK

THREAD Industry is placing ever greater demands on its materials – they are expected to reduce CO2 emissions, save energy, and guarantee sustainable production. A black high-tech fiber is to (help) shape the future: carbon.

Text: Julia Feldhans

28 TÜV SÜD Journal

To the point

More on this topic

in oUr Magazine App

Properties

Carbon is light, rigid, dimensionally stable, resistant to fatigue and high thermal loads, and able to withstand high levels of energy – industrially manufactured carbon thread has impressive »superpowers« that can live up to the industrial challenges of the 21st century. 50 percent lighter and yet many times

tougher than steel, carbon fiber reinforced plastic is a real dream material for sectors such as the automobile industry: it allows much lighter car bodies to be constructed and brings the industry tantalizingly close to its aim of reducing CO2 emissions by 50 percent by 2020.

Production

Around the world, three large companies have been established that produce carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) especially in Germany and Japan.

1

Challenges The research must still overcome a few hurdles before it can really unlock the full potential of carbon fiber.

Production of the fiber is still difficult and expensive. At the same time, the composition of the material needs to be optimized. The compound material CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic) is still based on waste products from petroleum production. The research objective: to replace these waste products with renewable raw materials, which would also solve the problem of waste disposal.

Pretreatment

The source material for production comprises fine, carbon-containing fibers with a dia­ meter of around five to nine micrometers. To begin with, they are heated and cooled again over and over. This gives carbon two of its most important properties: it doesn’t burn and it doesn’t melt.

2

Winding

The carbon fibers are then wound onto bobbins in order to allow further indus­trial processing. This is necessary as the fibers alone cannot be used.

4

Weaving

Reinforcement

To make the mats usable for industry, they are embedded in a plastic matrix: they are placed in a mold that will later contain the component and are impregnated with a synthetic resin. This ensures that the fibers remain in place when put under strain.

6 Heating

The fibers are drawn through a furnace which is heated to up to 1,500 degrees Celsius. They are made up almost entirely of pure carbon and are around one tenth the thickness of a human hair.

3

5

Layering

Togivetheproductitsbasicstabilityandahigher degree of rigidity, several mats are laid one on top of the other in different directions – the number of mats being dependent on the de­ sired properties of the component. The exact design for this is worked out by a computer.

Each mat is impregnated with a special resin beforehand.

7

Firing

The layered mats are fired for eight hours in a gas-tight, sealable pressure vessel (called an autoclave) at between 250 and 1,300 degrees Celsius. After they cool down, further process­ing can begin.

The fibers are processed into mats using weav­ing looms from the textile industry: they are woven, laid, and plaited together.

TÜV SÜD Journal 29

To the point

Advice:

Easter egg tips What would Easter be without Easter eggs? They are boiled, dyed, hidden, given away, and then eaten. There are plenty of stories surrounding eggs. Here are five facts.

Large or small

A matter of taste?

Many consumers prefer brown eggs because they are supposed to be more flavorful and healthy. The color of the shell however has absolutely no impact on the taste, nutrients or vitamins. The brown col­ or results from the fact that certain breeds of hen secrete a red blood and yellow bile pigment that deposits a brown color on the eggshell, which contains calcium.

Projectile

Many regions have their own Easter customs. One example is the egg toss. In Friesland, cooked eggs are thrown as far as possible and meanwhile mustn’t break. In parts of southern Germany and Tyrol they are thrown over the house, and in Vogtland the tossed eggs even have to be caught by hand.

More services that ensure safe food: www.tuv-sud.com/foodsafety

30 TÜV SÜD Journal

1

2

35

4

Germans are fond of eggs: They ate 18 billion eggs in the past year alone (2014). That’s 220 eggs per capita each year. Incidentally, when »eggs« are mentioned, the term always refers to chicken eggs. Eggs laid by other animals such as quail or ostrich must be identified according to the animal.

Why prick an egg?

Another myth shattered. Whether it is pricked or not, one out of every ten eggs cracks when it is cooked. That was shown by a study of 3,000 eggs.

One good way to avoid cracking: simply place the eggs in the water before it boils.

SIMPLY SHOCKING! Since the days of our grandparents, cold water has been used to »shock« eggs after cooking. The (extreme as possible) temperature shock after cooking causes the egg to shrink in the shell and thus creates a kind of air cushion. This makes it easier to then peel the egg.

Academy | dates

04/05/06 CALENDAR

You can experience TÜV SÜD in person at the following trade fairs, congresses and events. Our team of experts is looking forward to meeting you.

More information on these dates: www.tuv-sud.com/corporate-events

april Hannover Messe, Hannover, April 13–17, 2015 International trade fair for current major issues facing industry Interalpin, Innsbruck, Austria, April 15–17, 2015 Cable car technology, snow production, winter service equipment Future Thinking, Darmstadt, April 20–21, 2015 Trade show with presentations for the data center industry German CSR-Forum, Ludwigsburg, April 20–21, 2015 Dialog on the sustainability of the German economy Real Estate Exhibition, Berlin, April 25–26, 2015 Residential construction companies present their latest offerings safe.tech, Munich, April 28–29, 2015 The latest in automotive and railway technology and automation

June Lightfair International, New York, June 5–7, 2015 Architectural and commercial lighting trade show Achema, Frankfurt, June 15–19, 2015 World forum for chemical engineering and the process industry

Training tips TÜV SÜD Academy

Measure training results systematically Sooner or later, companies that professionalize their training and talent management efforts face the question: How can the results of the various activities be meaningfully measured? To obtain the most comprehensive and reliable results, the collection and analysis of the data should be performed in various stages.

The start – collect descriptive data: How many employees were trained? How many training days does that amount to? How many experts were able to obtain a certificate? These data are easy to collect and should be obtained from each company.

More than a gold star for attendance – measure satisfaction: »Happy sheets« may have a bad reputation, but the satisfaction of participants is an important parameter. Surveys are more meaningful if the feedback sheet is sent out a few days after the course.

All in the head – showing what has been learned: The goal of all training is for the participant to learn something and actually be able to retain it over a longer period. Companies can check this with simple tests of knowledge three and six months after the event.

On the job – ensure successful transfer: Can the employee also apply and implement what he or she has learned? Measuring this is especially difficult. Asking the employee how well the knowledge can be applied in practice can help here.

What good is it – determine output: Companies also want to know what the training has actually changed. Are meetings shorter? Are customers more satisfied?

If you measured and recorded these parameters prior to the training, you can now compare them to the new values. But care should be taken here to work closely with the Works Council.

The fine art – prepare cost-benefit analyses: What costs are accrued for a train­ ing program and what benefits have been gained through it in terms of economic benefits? Calculating the return on education involves a lot of factors. Monetization is worthwhile for major training and personnel development projects as a way to demonstrate results throughout the company and to enhance the value of company training long term.

More information: www.tuv-sud.com/academy

Imprint Publisher: TÜV SÜD AG, Westend St. 199, 80686 Munich | Owners: TÜV SÜD e.V. (74,9 %), TÜV SÜD Foundation (25,1 %), Westend St. 199, 80686 Munich Head of Corporate Communications: Matthias Andreesen Viegas | Project Manager and Editor-in-Chief: Jörg Riedle Contact: +49 (0)89 5791-0, info@tuev-sued.de | Realization: Medienfabrik Gütersloh GmbH, Neumarkter St. 63, 81673 Munich Printing: Eberl Print GmbH, Kirchplatz 6, 87509 Immenstadt | Photo credits: Apple Inc. (20), corbis (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 20, 24, 25, 28, 30, 32, 33), David Lisbona (16), DFB-Museum (4, 5), fotolia (29), Oded Shenkar (18), Reflect 9), TÜV SÜD (3, 15, 21, 22, 23, 27); Illustration: Janina Lermer (34, 35) TÜV SÜD Journal is published quarterly. Articles in the magazine are copyrighted.

TÜV SÜD Journal is printed in a climate neutral process using paper from sustainable forestry.

carbon neutral natureOffice.com | DE-141-102749

print production TÜV SÜD Journal 31

5 minutes

Partnership makes certification process more efficient

TÜV SÜD Group annual report receives award

New center for battery tests in Japan

Since late 2014, TÜV SÜD PSB in Singapore has been work­ ing together with the state-affiliated Korea Testing Labo­ ratory on the certification of products with the »KC Mark« label. Both inspection organizations recognize one other’s test reports, which can make it easier, faster, and cheaper for electronics manufacturers in one country to get certification in the other.

The current annual report of the TÜV SÜD Group has been named »Best Annual Report 2013.« The publication was se­ lected by an expert panel to receive first place in the pres­ tigious Private Public Awards. Germany’s 250 top-earning family- and foundation-owned companies competed for the prize. The Private Public Award is organized by ergo Kommu­ nikation and the financial auditing company PKF.

TÜV SÜD has been partnering with the ESPEC Corpora­ tion, one of the largest manufacturers and operators of environmental testing facilities in Japan, since late 2014.

Together, the two companies are building a new testing center for large battery systems. They aim to start offering the complete range of tests for electric vehicle batteries in Japan in 2015.

jane.lim@tuv-sud-psb.sg

matthias.andreesen@tuev-sued.de

volker.blandow@tuev-sued.de

Supporting the »Sandbank« offshore project near Sylt

TÜV SÜD is overseeing the construction of a new offshore wind farm called Sandbank approximately 90 kilometers off the North Sea island of Sylt. The company was chosen by the operators, Sandbank Offshore Wind GmbH, to certify the implementation phase and oversee manufacturing. More specifically, the offshore wind experts at TÜV SÜD will inspect and test the foundations, wind turbines, distribution substation, and the wind farm's internal wiring.

Construction of the facility was begun back in the summer of 2014 when shareholders Vatten­ fall and Stadtwerke München decided to invest in the project, which at that point had already received approval. Once the 72 wind turbines in the 4-megawatt class are installed, they will have a total capacity of 288 MW and generate enough power each year to meet the needs of approximately 400,000 households. alexander.heitmann@tuev-sued.de

32 TÜV SÜD Journal

5

Networked learning: trust, but verify

Helping students to stay the course: Two years ago, the Mannheim University of Applied Sciences introduced tablet computers with cleverly devised learning and testing methods that are helping electrical engineering students to stick with their studies. The technol­ ogy makes complicated material easier to under­ The drop-out rate in stand and gives teachers better insight into how electronics studies is about well individual students are learning. The program is supported by TÜV SÜD Foundation, which, in addition to financing the computers, has now also – TOO HIGH, SAYS TÜV SÜD provided funding for five new student staff mem­ FOUNDATION. bers. They are helping to program the learning software Moodle, an open online learning plat­ form that supports cooperative teaching and learning methods. During the first few semesters, the engineers-to-be will also be given special equipment that will allow them to study together with their fellow students anywhere and anytime and to interact with their teachers as well. But the really special thing about the tablet is that it can be used with a pen – writing or taking notes by hand helps to reinforce the subject matter.

60 PERCENT

christa.burmeister@tuev-sued-stiftung.de

5 minutes

Expanded product testing in south China New testing center in Shenzhen: On a 10,000-square-meter site in south China’s industrial capital, TÜV SÜD is bringing together four test labs for electrical and elec­ tronic products, electromagnetic compatibility, toys, and chemical testing. This makes it possible to test, among other things, electrical devices and machines, TÜV SÜD has had its own shoes, textiles, and medical products – all areas in which the manufacturing industry of Guangdong labs in Shenzhen. has long specialized. With better equipment and testing environments, the new location provides more nuanced and advanced lab management while offering a broader range of services.

Sustainability of buildings

For 14 years

misha.lu@tuv-sud.tw

minutes

The TÜV SÜD subsidiary TÜV SÜD Immo­ Wert recently started offering property appraisals with additional sustainability assessments. Performed as part of regular property appraisals, the »Green Valuation« collects and evaluates data on commercial buildings in accordance with the leading sus­ tainability standard »BREEAM DE Bestand« (Part 1 Buildings). Among other things, it looks at geohazards, building materials, the energy efficiency of building engineering, conservation of drinking water, waste sepa­ ration, and energy needs and supply. ruediger.hornung@tuev-sued.de

with TÜV SÜD

TÜV SÜD Service Excellence for comprehensive customer service The Service Quality of a company has been the subject of TÜV SÜD certifications for some time, and now the company has developed an additional seal of quality called Service Excellence (SE). The new certification tests and evaluates four aspects of customer satisfaction: service culture, service reliability, the handling of complaints, and staff qualification. This should help raise the level of already good customer service, and surprise customers with positive results. The Service Quality inspection involves on-site audits, mystery tests, document reviews and, every two years, a customer survey. The customer survey is conducted every year for the Service Excellence certificate. Employee and partner surveys are also carried out. For a comprehen­ sive and successful approach to service, they have to be included, too, because only loyal and motivated employees can foster long-term customer loyalty.

Free energy efficiency check available to industry online TÜV SÜD has joined up with ILF Beratende In­ genieure GmbH and PE INTERNATIONAL to launch the Internet platform »Energy Efficiency Check!« Companies in the industrial sector can get a quick and clear overview of their own situation and iden­ tify potential for optimization – and it is abso­ lutely free! Un­ at www.tuev-sued.de/is/ee-check like many exist­ ing platforms, the software is targeted exclusively at the specific needs of manufacturing companies. Among other things, it offers planning aids for process heat, com­ pressed air systems or lighting solutions. Based on the results, it is easy to determine whether and where any action is required.

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barbara.hochbaum@tuev-sued.de gerd.streubel@tuev-sued.de

TÜV SÜD Journal 33

The final say

modern

ALCHEMy Why a British geophysicist is squeezing diamonds out of peanut butter

34 TÜV SÜD Journal

The final say

I

n the movie Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, Marilyn Monroe sang their praises: »Diamonds Are a Girl’s Best Friend.« But men, too, can appreciate the precious stones we’re talking about – and Dan Frost is one of them. The professor from Bris­ tol even makes them himself – out of peanut butter. Although his mother drummed it into him that he shouldn’t play with his food, in his work at the Bavarian Research Institute of Experimental Geo­ chemistry and Geophysics at the University of Bayreuth he applies extreme pressure to the spread to imitate the natural formation pro­ cess of diamonds. Diamonds are formed several hundred kilometers below the earth’s surface at temperatures of more than 1,200 de­ grees Celsius and at pressures of 1.3 million atmospheres. Carbon is pressed into hard crystals. Over thousands of years, this pressure forms diamonds within the earth. In Dan Frost’s laboratory, it only takes a few weeks until a stone about three millimeters in size is ready. Occasionally, however, there are small explosions. Apparently these are due to the hydrogen that escapes during the process. But his colleagues have gotten used to that by now, the scientist jokes.

The only question is what the point of his peanut butter alchemy might be. Dan Frost can’t be in it to get rich: Instead of crystal clear,

his diamonds are a muddy brown, which doesn’t make them much use for expensive jewelry. They may, however, be ideal for explain­ ing how the earth was formed. »Specifically, we’re interested in how the inside of the earth interacted with the surface over the last few million years,« Frost explains. The theory is that meteorites hit our planet again and again and enriched it with elements that were spread over a wide area thanks to the quakes caused by the impact.

Frost is following the trail of these meteorites by subjecting his homemade peanut butter diamonds to sound waves. He com­ pares the patterns the waves form when they spread with those of earthquake shock waves. The result allows him to make con­ clusions about the composition of the earth’s mantle. Until now, for example, scientists have assumed that the earth’s mantle was rich in silicon. Dan Frost’s studies, however, contradict this assump­ tion. One possible explanation is that meteorites and asteroids brought a lot less silicon to earth than was previously thought.

Another explanation has it that much of the metalloid that landed has moved even deeper into the earth. But which theory is right?

That’s a nut that Dan Frost is hoping to crack in the course of further experiments.

TÜV SÜD Journal 35

The Social ­Media Boom Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp and ­Instagram – the 21st century is the ­century of social media. Their growth seems to know no bounds.

Instagram has 300 million users worldwide. Each day,

Social media and their reach Social media are gaining ground. If Facebook were a country and its users residents, it would be the most populous land in the world. But social media from Asia are growing too. The two social media giants Qzone and QQ are hot on the heels of the U.S. network.

Facebookusers give approx.

60 million photos are posted by 75 million active users.

4.5 billion Residents of Germany Residents of U.S. Residents of EU Q-Zone users (social network from China)

QQ users

(social network from China)

Residents of India Residents of China Facebook users Social media users worldwide

WhatsApp has about

likes per day.

ca 81 million

700 million users worldwide.

Each day,

890 million

ca 319 million

30 billion

users are active.

messages are sent per day.

ca 507 million

users send approx.

8.500 tweets per second.

ca 645 million

ca 829 million

ca 1.24 billion

ca 1.35 billion

ca 1.39 billion

W

ith 618,725 tweets per minute, the final of the 2014 FIFA World Cup broke all Twitter records. Never before had so many messages been sent in such a short time. The blogging platform Tumblr is also reaching new peaks: it grew by 120 percent in the last six months, which makes it the fastest grow­ing social network in the world ca 2 billion right now. It already has approximately 420 million registered users.

Sources: Ec.Europa.eu/eurostat, Facebook.com, Globalwebindex.net, InternetLiveStats.com, Statista.com, Tencent.com, WhatsApp.com, WeaAresSocial.net 36 TÜV SÜD Journal

284 million