Asia-Pacific Conference "Local Government Voices Toward HABITAT III on a New Urban Agenda" 5 September 2015, Wakatobi, Indonesia
Sustainable Urban Development in Asia-Pacific: Towards a New Urban Agenda Presented by Kyungkoo Philip Kang Economic Affairs Officer Sustainable Urban Development Section, ESCAP
Asia-Pacific Conference "Local Government Voices Toward HABITAT III on a New Urban Agenda" 5 September 2015, Wakatobi, Indonesia
World is urbanizing rural 63%
urban 37%
1970
rural 53%
urban 47%
2000
rural 40%
urban 60%
2030
Just in 60 years – 1/3 to 2/3 urban!
Asia-Pacific Conference "Local Government Voices Toward HABITAT III on a New Urban Agenda" 5 September 2015, Wakatobi, Indonesia
World is urbanizing 9 billion in 2050 7 billion in 2011
Asia-Pacific Conference "Local Government Voices Toward HABITAT III on a New Urban Agenda" 5 September 2015, Wakatobi, Indonesia
How has Asia-Pacific urbanized?
Asia-Pacific Conference "Local Government Voices Toward HABITAT III on a New Urban Agenda" 5 September 2015, Wakatobi, Indonesia
Asia-Pacific urban landscape Cities in numbers: • Total 4.3 billion Asia-Pacific population • 3.2 billion urban from current 2.1 billion (by 2050) • 47.7% living in urban (2014)/>50% (2018) • 10 out of 15 largest cities • 17 are megacities (over 10 million) • 30.5% live in slums (2009) • Spend $10 trillion on infrastructure development in the next 10 years
Asia-Pacific Conference "Local Government Voices Toward HABITAT III on a New Urban Agenda" 5 September 2015, Wakatobi, Indonesia
Asia-Pacific urban landscape Absolute population numbers and relative change, by sub-region, 2000 and 2014 (thousands and %) Sub-region
East and North-East Asia
South-East Asia South and South-West Asia
North and Central Asia Pacific Total Asia-Pacific Total World
2000
2014
Average annual change 2000-14
Urban Population, mid-year, 1950-2025 (thousands) Sub-region
1950
1975
2000
2025
117,478
273,629
617,070 1,137,080
1,484,625
1,606,039
0.6
East and North-East Asia
524,410
625,982
1.3
South-East Asia
26,066
74,039
199,681
370,921
1,511,026
1,847,319
1.4
South and SouthWest Asia
84,212
194,186
461,584
853,263
North and Central Asia
54,207
112,692
139,178
144,665
7,906
15,450
22,013
31,791
289,868
669,995
217,747
224,562
0.2
31,208
38,814
1.6
3,769,016
4,342,716
1.0
6,127,700
7,243,784
Source: World Urbanisation Prospects: The 2014 revision, files 01 and 05
1.2
Pacific Total Asia-Pacific
1,439,52 2,537,720 8
Source: World Urbanisation Prospect: The 2014 revision, file 03.
Asia-Pacific Conference "Local Government Voices Toward HABITAT III on a New Urban Agenda" 5 September 2015, Wakatobi, Indonesia
Asia-Pacific urban landscape Rapid urbanization started from 1980s with trade liberalization and globalization (corresponds with economic activity) North-East and South-East Asia grew and urbanized faster compared to South & South-West Asia and the Pacific In North & Central Asia as economies declined so did the rates of urbanization
Urbanization Level in Asia-Pacific 120
100
80
Urbanizaion Level (%)
60
40
20
0 1980 1995 2010 2025
ASEAN Central Asia ESCAP ESCAP developed economies ESCAP developing economies High income econ. Pacific island dev. econ. SAARC
Asia-Pacific Conference "Local Government Voices Toward HABITAT III on a New Urban Agenda" 5 September 2015, Wakatobi, Indonesia Note: Yellow shading denotes megacities over 10 million people.
Asia and Pacific Largest Urban Agglomerations, 1990, 2014 and 2030 (thousands) Rank 1990
2014
2030
Agglomeration
Country
1990
2014
2030 projection
1
1
1
Tokyo
Japan
32,530
37,833
37,190
6
2
2
Delhi
India
9,726
24,953
36,060
11
3
3
Shanghai
China
7,823
22,991
30,751
3
4
4
Mumbai
India
12,436
20,741
27,797
2
5
8
Kinki (Osaka)
Japan
18,389
20,123
19,976
13
6
5
Beijing
China
6,788
19,520
27,706
14
7
6
Dhaka
Bangladesh
6,621
16,982
27,374
12
8
7
Karachi
Pakistan
7,147
16,126
24,838
4
9
9
Kolkata
India
10,890
14,766
19,092
15
10
13
Istanbul
Turkey
6,552
13,954
16,694
22
11
11
Chongqing
China
4,011
12,916
17,380
10
12
12
Manila
Philippines
7,973
12,764
16,756
7
13
22
Moscow
Russian Federation
8,987
12,063
12,200
24
14
10
Guangzhou, Guangdong
China
3,072
11,843
17,574
19
15
15
Tianjin
China
4,558
10,860
14,655
25
16
20
Shenzhen
China
875
10,680
12,673
9
17
17
Jakarta
Indonesia
8,175
10,176
13,812
5
18
24
Seoul
Rep. of Korea
10,518
9,775
9,960
21
19
14
Bangalore
India
4,036
9,718
14,762
18
20
16
Chennai
India
5,338
9,620
13,921
8
21
25
Chukyo (Nagoya)
Japan
8,407
9,373
9,304
17
22
21
Bangkok
Thailand
5,888
9,098
11,528
20
23
19
Hyderabad
India
4,193
8,670
12,774
23
24
18
Lahore
Pakistan
3,970
8,500
13,033
16
25
23
Tehran
Iran
6,365
8,353
9,990
Note: Megacities are marked with shading. Source: World Urbanisation Prospects: The 2014 revision, file 22.
Asia-Pacific Conference "Local Government Voices Toward HABITAT III on a New Urban Agenda" 5 September 2015, Wakatobi, Indonesia
Is there an Asia-Pacific urban storyline?
Asia-Pacific Conference "Local Government Voices Toward HABITAT III on a New Urban Agenda" 5 September 2015, Wakatobi, Indonesia
Towards a Sustainable, Inclusive & Resilient Urban Future for Asia and the Pacific New urban transformation: rethinking urbanism - A region of megacities, and increasingly mega-urban regions: a redefinition of urban space - Significantly understated: the rise & role of secondary cities - Rethinking urban planning in the absence of formal urban planning The region’s cities face an equity crisis: the challenge of inequality is as great today as is poverty eradication Cities & economic transformation: a qualified success story Closing urban divides – old, new and emerging - Urbanization of poverty - Transforming urban economies: from quantity to quality of growth
Asia-Pacific Conference "Local Government Voices Toward HABITAT III on a New Urban Agenda" 5 September 2015, Wakatobi, Indonesia
Towards a Sustainable, Inclusive & Resilient Urban Future for Asia and the Pacific The region needs to urgently enhance its environmental sustainability - Resource gaps are growing: energy, water – while waste to resource must underpin future strategies - It is no longer possible to address these crises in isolation: integrated/nexus solutions are essential for eco-efficiency - Holistic green urbanism and low carbon models need implementation In this century the future existence of many cities will be in doubt -Cities at risk through climate change: especially low-lying cities represent half of urban population -Greater concentration of economic & other assets in cities: ‘concentrated vulnerabilities’ -Urban climate resilience needs to be inclusive & pro-poor
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Asia-Pacific Conference "Local Government Voices Toward HABITAT III on a New Urban Agenda" 5 September 2015, Wakatobi, Indonesia
Towards a Sustainable, Inclusive & Resilient Urban Future for Asia and the Pacific Creating cities for all and rising standard of living Rise of the world’s largest middle class Harnessing diversity through equity Investing in social policy and inclusion: the next driver of growth? From competitive to collaborative governance - Renewing urban governance agendas: moving beyond centralised or decentralised models - Closing the urban finance gaps - The need for national urban policies to give municipalities more decision making
Asia-Pacific Conference "Local Government Voices Toward HABITAT III on a New Urban Agenda" 5 September 2015, Wakatobi, Indonesia
What are the opportunities to change?
Asia-Pacific Conference "Local Government Voices Toward HABITAT III on a New Urban Agenda" 5 September 2015, Wakatobi, Indonesia
Rio+20 Outcome Document: Strong Political Commitment
Includes references to cities & local government Para 134-137: Sustainable cities and human settlements Meeting urban challenges ‘through integrated planning & management approaches, cities can promote economically, socially & environmentally sustainable societies’ (para 134) Focus on ‘sustainable urban planning & design’ and the importance of considering disaster risk reduction, resilience and climate risks in urban planning (para 135) Underlined ‘the need to adopt measures to address floods, droughts, and water’ (para 123)
Asia-Pacific Conference "Local Government Voices Toward HABITAT III on a New Urban Agenda" 5 September 2015, Wakatobi, Indonesia
Opportunities for sustainable urban development: Implementation Sustainable Development Goals 11: “Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable” Proof that urban issue is now high on the post-2015 development agenda Provides 7 targets which cover various aspects of sustainable cities such as housing, transport systems, environmental impact of cities, and green and public spaces 3 Means of Implementation targets Measuring progress of sustainable cities will be possible and reporting will be required each year
Asia-Pacific Conference "Local Government Voices Toward HABITAT III on a New Urban Agenda" 5 September 2015, Wakatobi, Indonesia
Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. By 2030… 11.1 Ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services, and upgrade slums 11.2 Provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems (…) special attention to women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons 11.3 Enhance (…) participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management 11.4 Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage 11.5 Reduce number of deaths and affected people, decrease GDP losses caused by disasters (…) with the focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations 11.6 Reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality, municipal and other waste management 11.7 Provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, particularly for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities
Asia-Pacific Conference "Local Government Voices Toward HABITAT III on a New Urban Agenda" 5 September 2015, Wakatobi, Indonesia
Road to Habitat III, Quito, Equator 17-20 October 2016
Asia-Pacific Conference "Local Government Voices Toward HABITAT III on a New Urban Agenda" 5 September 2015, Wakatobi, Indonesia
Sixth Asia-Pacific Urban Forum, 19-21 October 2014, Jakarta Multi-stakeholder consultation forum – only kind in AP Theme “Sustainable urban development in Asia-Pacific: Towards a New Urban Agenda” Held every 4-5 years (started in 1993) Broad-based topics covered Consists of plenaries, mayors roundtable, parallel sessions, side events, special events, exhibitions, etc. Chairman’s summary as input to HLM
Asia-Pacific Conference "Local Government Voices Toward HABITAT III on a New Urban Agenda" 5 September 2015, Wakatobi, Indonesia
High-level Regional Preparatory Meeting for Habitat III, 21-22 October 2015, Jakarta Back-to-back with APUF-6 to have synergy ESCAP Resolution 70/12 provides the mandate to support HABITAT III secretariat will lead the process and organization Government of Indonesia decided to host (elected member of the Bureau of the PrepCom for Habitat III) Indonesia to host PrepCom III in July 2016 in Surabaya
Asia-Pacific Conference "Local Government Voices Toward HABITAT III on a New Urban Agenda" 5 September 2015, Wakatobi, Indonesia
State of Asia and Pacific Cities Report One of the most comprehensive reports of its kind in the region Part of UN-Habitat’s global, regional & national report series First edition was launched at the Fifth Asia-Pacific Urban Forum, Bangkok, June 2011 Broad urban spectrum: demographics, economic, social, environmental, climate change, governance, finance Preparations for 2nd edition currently underway for launching in October 2015
Downloadable: http://mirror.unhabitat.org/pmss/listItemDetails.aspx?publicationID=3078
Asia-Pacific Conference "Local Government Voices Toward HABITAT III on a New Urban Agenda" 5 September 2015, Wakatobi, Indonesia
ESCAP Project: Pro-poor and Sustainable Solid Waste Management for Secondary Cities and Small Towns Funded: Gates Foundation Period: 2009-2015 Partner: Waste Concerns (NGO) Objective: Assist cities in Asia-Pacific to effectively manage waste in a propoor, environmentally sustainable and economically viable manner through Ha Tinh the promotion of decentralized Integrated Resource Recovery Centers Hoi An Sites: 13 cities in 5 countries Kon Tum Website: www.waste2resource.org Mardan
Quy Nhon
Islamabad
Viet Nam
Karachi
Pakistan
Matale Ratnapura
Sri Lanka
Kushtia
Battambang Kamp Ta Khmao Bangladesh ot
Cambodia
21
Asia-Pacific Conference "Local Government Voices Toward HABITAT III on a New Urban Agenda" 5 September 2015, Wakatobi, Indonesia
“Our struggle for global sustainability will be won or lost in cities. The potential of urbanization to lift millions of people from poverty and to accelerate economic growth is huge, as demonstrated in recent decades by some of the major emerging economies.� United Nations Secretary-General Mr. Ban Ki-moon Message delivered at 25th Session of the UN-Habitat Governing Council, Nairobi, 22 April 2015 For more information about our work, please visit http://www.unescap.org/our-work/environment-development/urban-development
Terimah kasih!