Parental Guide toADHD

Symptoms of ADHD are divided into two groups: inattention and hyperactivity/ impulsivity.

1. INATTENTION

• Having difficulty paying attention to details or making careless mistakes in schoolwork or other activities

• Having trouble staying focused on tasks or activities, including during playtime

• Being easily distracted by external stimuli or irrelevant thoughts

• Having difficulty following through on instructions or completing tasks

• Frequently losing or misplacing things like toys, school supplies, or other belongings

• Being forgetful in daily activities

2. HYPERACTIVE OR IMPULSIVE

• Fidgeting or squirming in their seat or feeling restless

• Running or climbing excessively, even in inappropriate situations

• Having difficulty playing or engaging in quiet activities

• Talking excessively, interrupting others, or blurting out answers before the question has been completed

• Having difficulty waiting their turn or engaging in activities that require waiting

• Acting impulsively without considering the consequences

It's important to note that not all children with ADHD will exhibit all these symptoms, and the severity of symptoms can vary from child to child.

Not sure if your child has ADHD? A child should only be diagnosed if they exhibit a variety of inattentive or impulsive behaviors that are abnormal for their age, done over an extended period, and repeated in more than one environment (school or home). Diagnosing ADHD in children involves a comprehensive evaluation that considers both the child's behavior and medical history. Here are the steps typically involved in the diagnostic process:

1. INITIAL SCREENING - The child's primary care provider or a specialist in behavioral and developmental pediatrics, child psychiatry, or child psychology will usually begin with an initial screening to gather information about the child's symptoms and behavior.

2. MEDICAL EXAMINATION - The healthcare provider will also conduct a physical examination to rule out any other medical conditions that may be causing the symptoms.

3. RATING SCALES - The healthcare provider may use rating scales or questionnaires completed by the child's parents, teachers, or other caregivers to gather information about the child's behavior in different settings.

4. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA - The healthcare provider will refer to the diagnostic criteria for ADHD outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) to determine if the child meets the criteria for a diagnosis.

5. ADDITIONAL TESTING - In some cases, additional testing, such as cognitive or psychological testing, may be done to evaluate the child's symptoms and behavior further.

DON'T BE AFRAID!

There are several treatments available for ADHD in children, which may include a combination of medication and behavioral therapy. The specific treatment plan will depend on the child's symptoms and needs, as well as the preferences of the child and their family. Here are some examples of treatment options:

1. MEDICATION: Stimulant medications such as methylphenidate and amphetamine are often prescribed to help improve attention and reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity in children with ADHD. Non-stimulant medications such as atomoxetine and guanfacine may also be prescribed in some cases.

2. BEHAVIORAL THERAPY: This involves teaching children and their parents strategies to help manage ADHD symptoms. Behavioral therapy may include parent training, social skills training, or individual therapy for the child.

3. EDUCATION AND SUPPORT: Children with ADHD may benefit from additional educational support, such as tutoring or special education services. Parent support groups or counseling may also be helpful for parents who are coping with the challenges of raising a child with ADHD.

4. LIFESTYLE CHANGES: Certain lifestyle changes can also help manage ADHD symptoms in children. This may include regular exercise, a healthy diet, consistent sleep patterns, and minimizing exposure to distractions such as screens or loud noises.

THE BOTTOM LINE.

With early identification and appropriate treatment, our tiny friends with ADHD can thrive and reach their full potential, improving their quality of life and setting them up for success in the future.