Research Projects 2018
National University of Chimborazo
SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCES
DIRECTOR PABLO DJABAYAN DJIBEYAN PROJECT NAME DETERMINATION OF THE HEMOAGLUTILANTE AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN VITRO OF THE LECTINES OBTAINED FROM THE SEEDS OF FRUITS, GRAINS AND TUBES THAT TRADITIONALLY ARE EXPENDED IN THE MARKETS OF CANTON RIOBAMBA, PROVINCE OF CHIMBORAZO
SUMMARY The present research has as objectives: To determine the hemagglutinating, anticoagulant and antimicrobial activity of the lectins present in the selected plant species and to establish their possible uses as applicable therapeutic agents in the areas of health sciences. Once selected, the species will be subjected to an extraction process in aqueous medium by mechanical disruption, the obtained aqueous extract will determine its ability to agglutinate human erythrocytes in order to establish the presence of haemagglutinins (Lectins). Demonstrated the presence of lectins, proceed to: 1. The semi-purification using protein precipitation with ammonium sulfate, 2. The inhibition of haemagglutination using specific sugars. 3. The anticoagulant activity and 4. The antimicrobial activity. The expected result is that the lectins present in the selected species exhibit a strong biological activity, allowing their effective use as tools for the solution of health problems that may arise in the community.
DIRECTOR ELIZABET DIAZ VALLEJO PROJECT NAME LEARNING ENGLISH THROUGH LISTENING AND SPEAKING STRATEGIES PREVENTS THE BURN OUT IN THE TAXI DRIVERS IN THE CITY
SUMMARY The objective of this project is to apply the listening and speaking strategies to prevent the bum out in the taxi drivers by: Determining the level of handling of the taxi drivers' speaking and listening skills and their bum out; Applying the speaking and listening strategies with the contents of the agenda about tourist places in the city of Riobamba; Implementing relaxation activities and dynamics to prevent bum out in taxi drivers. We will work with therapeutic intervention techniques such as: psychoeduction, relaxation training, assertive training, cognitive restructuring and problem solving. The advancement of the handling of speaking and listening skills on the part of the taxi drivers and application of the Maslach Inventory Retest will also be evaluated. For this purpose, a longitudinal study of quasi-experimental type with the application of Pretest and Posttest will be used to analyze the state of knowledge of the English language by the participants before and after the application of the strategies. To determine the level of bum out in taxi drivers, the Maslach Bumout Inventory will be used, in its generic version.
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DIRECTOR ISABEL CANDO PROJECT NAME NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY STUDY IN PATIENTS WITH NEUROLOGICAL PATHOLOGIES OF THE PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL DOCENTE RIOBAMBA
SUMMARY This research aims to evaluate the type of neuropsychological deterioration and the pattern and clinical syndrome of personality in patients with neurological pathology. For this purpose, the level of the quality of life of the patients will be established, then the deficit of the different cognitive functions will be quantified (attention, memory, orientation, language, executive functions); to finally determine the patterns and clinical personality syndromes. To achieve these specific objectives, a methodology will be carried out characterized as follows: Nature: Descriptive, exploratory; Design: Observational-transversal; Population: Potential patients of the General Teaching Hospital of Riobamba; Sample: 100 patients with neurological pathology, clinical diagnosis and informed consent. For results, we will obtain detection of the deficit of cognitive functions in patients with different neurological pathologies, the determination of the pattern and personality syndrome in patients with different neurological pathologies and the establishment of the level of quality of life of the patients.
DIRECTOR LILIANA ARAUJO PROJECT NAME ANALYTICAL STUDIES OF BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES IN STUDENTS OF EDUCATIONAL UNITS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF REFERENCE VALUES
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SUMMARY The main objective of the present investigation is to establish the reference intervals of analytical parameters from values obtained in clinical laboratory tests in students of selected Educational Units of the Riobamba canton, Ecuador. The concentration of said analytes blood samples of a number of individuals selected from the population, clinically healthy and of both sexes will be determined through the use of automated or semi-automated equipment complying with strict quality standards and biosafety. It is expected, on the one hand, to obtain the reference intervals determined from the values of different blood analytes obtained in a student population, presumably healthy, of selected Educational Units of the Riobamba Canton, and on the other hand, the comparison of the reference values determined in this study with those found by other authors or those that describe the manufacturers of reagents and diagnostic equipment of the different commercial houses
DIRECTOR GRACIELA RIVERA HERRERA PROJECT NAME RISK OF ALTERATION OF THE FETAL MATERNAL DIARY IN WOMEN WITH PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES ATTENDED IN THE TEACHING HOSPITAL
SUMMARY The purpose of the research is to implement a nursing care proposal in pregnant women with risk of alteration of the fetal maternal dyad, with Premature Membrane Rupture (RPM) attended at the Provincial General Teaching Hospital Riobamba, which will be developed through compliance with the following components: 1. Define the clinical, obstetric and sociodemographic profile and factors related to alteration of the fetal maternal dyad, in women with PROM; 2. Relate prenatal care of the pregnant woman with the development of RPM; 3. Diagnose the real and potential needs of the mother with risk of alteration of the fetal maternal dyad by RPM; 4. Propose a protocol for nursing care in women with risk of alteration of the fetal maternal dyad by RPM. As results we expect the reduction of maternal and fetal complications derived from the premature rupture of membranes, the implementation of a nursing care proposal in pregnant women with risk of alteration of the fetal maternal dyad, the definition of the clinical and obstetric sociodemographic profile in women at risk of alteration of the fetal maternal dyad by RPM, the design, validation and application of a data collection instrument of sociodemographic, clinical and obstetric profile in women with RPM, the description of the care needs in women at risk of alteration of the maternal dyad-fetal by RPM attended in the HPGDR and the relationship of the renatal care received or the shelf with the development of RPM.
DIRECTOR MONICA VALDIVIEZO MAYGUA PROJECT NAME SUPPORT FOR THE MATERNITY PROCESS IN ADOLESCENTS RIOBAMBA 2018
SUMMARY The purpose of the project is to implement a proposal of nursing advice for comprehensive care of the newborn and adaptation to the process of maternity in adolescent mothers, which will be achieved through the implementation of the following components: Characterize conceptions about pregnancy and childbirth, the social, economic and support networks of adolescent mothers; describe the conditions that affect the maternity process in adolescent mothers and apply a counseling plan for the effective motherhood process in the adolescent mother. For the development of the project the Ramona Mercer theory is considered whose purpose is the activation of the maternal role based on the four support concepts: physical, emotional, informative and assessment. The recruitment is made in the gynecology and obstetrics service of the Provincial General Teaching Hospital Riobamba to puerperal women between the ages of 1 and 19 years. With the development of the project will train those involved, will increase the scientific production of teachers and students of the career of Nursing.
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SCHOOL OF EDUCATION SCIENCES
DIRECTOR LUIS ALBERTO TUAZA PROJECT NAME INDIGENOUS CITIZENSHIP IN CONTEMPORARY ECUADOR
SUMMARY The present research project aims to analyze from a multidisciplinary perspective the collective actions of indigenous grassroots organizations belonging to Shiña - Azuay and Calpi - Chimborazo, in politics, water management, the environment, the safeguarding of the Kichwa language and its contribution to national development during the period from 1990 to 2017. The basic questions that will accompany the research process are: What is the status of indigenous organizations in recent years? What are the political conflicts, water management, the environment and the Kichwa language that communities currently possess? What are the local capacities generated by indigenous communities for water, climate change, political participation and the safeguarding of the Kichwa language? To what extent can we talk about indigenous citizenship? The study will have five parts: from the beginning it will analyze the political, social and organizational situation of the indigenous
grassroots organizations, then it will address the political, environmental and Kichwa language conflicts, in a third moment, it will identify the generation of the local capacities experienced by indigenous people in terms of water management, climate change, and the conservation of the Kichwa language. And, finally, as a conclusion, he will reflect on indigenous citizenship and its contribution to national development. Throughout the study, unlike other studies that highlight the actions undertaken by the State and the cooperation agencies in rural areas, it will focus on the capacity of agency that local actors have, from a critical perspective. At the end of the research is expected to have a first-hand document that allows state institutions and grassroots organizations in rural areas, make appropriate decisions in order to respond to the processes of social democratization in the construction of the State plurinational and intercultural.
DIRECTOR GONZALO NICOLAY SAMANIEGO PROJECT NAME DATA MINING FOR THE DESIGN OF CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES IN THE UNACH ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH MANAGEMENT
SUMMARY The need to provide quality education systems higher level, has made the government of Ecuador create public policies that enhance excellence, relevance, knowledge transmission and development of thinking in pursuit of an Ecuadorian university increasingly competitive in both the national as well as the international level. In the particular case of the National University of Chimborazo (UNACH), the issue of propender to the quality in its management is of supreme importance, due to two factors; the first is because the primary objective of the institution is to achieve national recognition and international projection; and the second because it is expected that in the processes of recategorization the institution will reach the highest values in each of the criteria evaluated by CEAACES. However, to ensure quality it is necessary to make a situational diagnosis of how student management is, and precisely through this project we intend to use data mining techniques
to perform analysis of the data obtained through the Power 81 business tool. implemented by the Technical Unit of Academic Control of the UNACH (UTECA), with the objective in this particular case of proposing strategies that improve the management of the student sector, in addition to making recommendations for the strengthening of the institutional academic activity, the strategy approach for the promotion of student scientific research, the suggestion of mechanisms for the promotion of links with society, and the proposal of alternatives for the optimal use of resources and infrastructure available in the UNACH. Which supposes a series of advantages in comparison with more traditional investigations relative to the education. But in addition to fulfilling the above-mentioned objectives, it is intended to socialize with the research community the results of this research, through the writing of scientific articles and / or participation in national and / or international congresses.
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DIRECTOR CIRO DIEGO RADICELLI PROJECT NAME DEVELOPMENT OF APPLICATIONS WITH GINGA SOFTWARE TO PROVIDE DIGITAL TERRESTRIAL TELEVISION EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
SUMMARY Television since the 50s has been conceived as a teaching instrument, although it is true that it was an impersonal teaching because they were disseminated and content is currently disseminated without often considering the target audience. Currently the digital terrestrial television (DTT), aims to change this model of impersonal teaching, making it a true process not only of teaching, but of teaching learning, which allows in the first place to transmit more personalized content according to the target audience to which it is focused. , and secondly, to provide the user with interactivity, in such a way that he has the capacity to build his own knowledge. This is due to the fact that, with the advent of DTT systems, the contents transmitted through TV will be interactively promoted, thus promoting transdisciplinary, collaborative, flexible and adaptable learning to the needs of students. This educational model proposal could increase the transmission of educational audiovisual content in different scenarios such as home, non-formal education centers, mobile learning, among others (ubiquitous learning). And the same will be measured and compared with the formal education model in order to obtain data that allow to know what advantages or disadvantages could exist with this new form of teaching - learning proposed in this research. But in addition to fulfilling the aforementioned objectives, it is intended to socialize with the research community the results of this research, through the writing of scientific articles and / or participation in national and / or international congresses.
DIRECTOR MARGARITA POMBOZA FLORIL PROJECT NAME UBICUAL LEARNING OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF VALDIVIA CULTURE FOR ITS APPLICATION IN THE DESIGN OF PICTOGRAMS
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SUMMARY This project is framed in some areas of research and application such as: Ubiquitous learning, which is a methodology that allows access to information anywhere or anytime through digital media, which will allow interaction with peers and experts scholars and structured learning opportunities from a variety of sources, wishing that the gap between formal and informal learning disappears; the bibliographic compilation of the Valdivia culture, for its knowledge, study and rescue of said culture; the decomposition of its mediating forms its morphological e ytudio and its application in pictograms, added to it a methodological design that will allow to transfer the knowledge acquired during the investigation of the Valdivia culture and granting a functionality through the design of applicable pictograms in the design of shapes and objects. All of the above will lead to improving the teaching-learning processes as well as rescuing the Valdivia culture. The validation process of the designed methodology and of the digital media where the information was uploaded will be done with graphic design students, making a prior evaluation of the current knowledge of the students and later once downloaded and studied the methodology designed, the same that should generate a result far superior to the previous evaluation carried out, which will validate the research carried out.
DIRECTOR EDWIN RIOS PROJECT NAME INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE CLAYS IN THE SHILLA COMMUNITY OF THE CACHA PROVINCE OF CHIMBORAZO PARISH PERIOD 2017 2019
SUMMARY Cacha, millennial village, Puruhá land, favored by its ancestral traditions, beautiful and incomparable handicrafts, political structure; flora, fauna and privileged geographic location, has also been benefited by its variety of clayey lands of compositions rich in various minerals, product of which have different shades, the same that unfortunately have not been exploited conveniently for the benefit of the inhabitants, preventing this way combine the traditional agriculture with crafts and pottery, an activity that will contribute significantly to the cultural rescue that unfortunately has been lost in those sectors. The main objective is to make the diagnosis for the industrialization of clays in the sector of Shilpalá of the Cacha parish, this work is to clarify the feasibility of industrialization of clays, which will contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of the inhabitants of the parish of Cacha. The implementation of this idea will encourage and encourage the generation of formal
sources of work, improving the standard of living of artisans and the community in general, contributing to preserve, maintain, disseminate the cultural and natural heritage of the parish. • Identify the types of clays existing in the area for their study and usefulness, through validated research techniques. • Determine the physicochemical characteristics to measure the ductility and benefits of clays, primary and secondary types. • Carry out a technical study for the implementation of a clay treatment workshop in the artisan training center "Fernando Daquilema". • Writing of the book through the data collected in the research for the enhancement of the Andean cosmovision, the rescue of ancestral knowledge and ceramic techniques.
DIRECTOR
PROJECT NAME HERITAGE EDUCATION IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE SINCE THE RESCUE OF THE ARCHITECTURAL HISTORICAL MEMORY OF RIOBAMBA
SUMMARY This research project is aimed at cultural heritage education in children of the province of Chimborazo, although it will have as part point or scenario the city of Riobamba -known as the Sultana de los Andes-. The activities to be carried out during the project will have a systematized intentionality focused on heritage education that flows from the rescue of historical memory seen through various themes, such as: the institutions, personalities, historical and sociopolitical processes that led Riobamba , be recognized as the city of the first fruits. On the other hand, an interrelation will be carried out from the history of local architecture, with a view to children knowing the multiple buildings or architectural buildings that are considered as patrimonial funds, being these landmarks representative of constructive styles (foreign, vernacular and indigenous) ) that makes them unique and therefore patrimonial, as well as the
history that is written between their walls, for being witnesses of great political, cultural, educational, religious events, as well as the socioeconomic aspects that allowed an urban-architectural growth of the city . All of which, would propitiate us characterization of the present from our historical evolution, sociocultural identity of the past. In the same way, of the patrimonial education, it will allow us to achieve in the students of Basic General Education, the recognition and the understanding of the need to preserve-conserve the tangible and intangible heritage through the disclosure of the historical past-present through historical books with an educational-didactic approach, which encourages the development of school projects, local historical and social research, with the purpose of raising awareness and awakening interest in the conservation and respect of heritage
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DIRECTOR GUSTAVO OROZCO CAZCO PROJECT NAME
SUMMARY
DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF A
The formation of the university teaching staff, without a doubt, should
MOOC FOR DIGITAL LITERACY
be considered as a priority in all Higher Education Institutions, since they are considered an important part of the learning triangle (students, teacher, contents). Moreover, when currently, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have evolved with the purpose of improving the ways of teaching and learning. In this sense, the profile of the teacher is fundamental to adapt to a knowledge society that requires other characteristics and that aims to reduce the digital divide between teacher-student that is still present. In this evolution of ICT as tools that facilitate learning, Massive Online Open Courses known as MOOC are born. These new learning scenarios are presented as environments where informal learning is strengthened in a participatory, collaborative and permanent way, both for students and for teachers. Thus, several institutions and organizations related to education have seen in the MOOC, the adequate resources to solve the training needs in various areas of knowledge, which has led to the development of highly recognized platforms such as Coursera, Udacity, EdX and MiriadaX, among others, with an infinity of courses of free and massive access.
DIRECTOR NARCISA SANCHEZ SALCAN PROJECT NAME FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE MATHEMATICS OF GENERAL EDUCATION STUDENTS
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SUMMARY According to international evaluation reports specifically on mathematics, carried out in recent years, they have once again emphasized the need to teach appropriate methodological strategies when considering low results. With this reference on a global scale, activities aimed at finding solutions to the problem of teaching Mathematics at all educational levels have been promoted. The current educational demands in Ecuador demand that education be of quality, for that reason there have been substantial changes within the educational process and all of them aim to improve the quality of education. It is very important to consider objectively with theoretical arguments the identification of some factors that directly and indirectly influence the learning achievements of mathematics, this implies a complex process of relevant selection of those factors that can be analyzed from an optical point of view. quantitative, implying the reflection of essential components such as: the attitude and motivation of the students, the methodology used by the teacher, the curricular structure, the family environment and the training of teachers. It also manages to maintain a positive attitude towards mathematics in the students, eliminate the rejection of the subject in higher courses, and in this way contribute humbly and simply with a grain of sand to the students of Basic Higher Education to improve the educational quality in the aforementioned subject .
DIRECTOR PEDRO CARRETERO PROJECT NAME ARCHEOLOGY, HISTORY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE COMMUNITY OF RUMI CRUZ
SUMMARY The Research Group "Puruhá: archeology and history of the Puruhá nationality to the present day" understands that any project carried out on the historical recovery and ancestral knowledge of the original peoples of the Chimborazo region must be multidisciplinary in nature and in direct contact with the communities, so it presents a team formed by various specialists to try to determine different essential aspects of the Puruhá culture in the town of Rumicruz (Calpi, Riobamba). Previous work carried out by members of the group in the community of Rumicruz, have been able to determine the occupation of this area by the Puruhá people at least since the Late Formative (1,000 a.C.) to the present. The delimitation of the archaeological sites documented in Rumicruz will be carried out through the use of Geographic Information Systems and the photointerpretation of the data obtained through several drone flights in the community, in order to obtain a territorial spatial order pattern of the towns Puruhá pre-Hispanic community of Rumicruz. As a methodology, space archeology will be used, whose studies are in the incipient phase throughout the Ecuadorian territory. And finally, the final months of the project, we will share and disseminate the data obtained to the community itself, working together to train social actors in order to achieve social development, all linked to proposals for development that generate a change on income through tourist visits to the area.
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SCHOOL OF POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
DIRECTOR GABITH QUISPE PROJECT NAME IN INFORMAL COMMERCE IN THE MARKETS OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT OF THE PROVINCE OF CHIMBORAZO
SUMMARY The project aims to describe the causes of informal trade in the markets of the cities of cantonal headwaters (Alausi, Chambo, Chunchi, Colta, Guamote, Guano, Pallatanga, Penipe Cumanda) of the Province of Chimborazo
DIRECTOR DANTE AYAVIRI PROJECT NAME MEASUREMENT OF THE ASSIGNING EFFICIENCY IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF ECUADOR AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
SUMMARY The present research work reflects the concern of the administration of financial resources in the municipalities. And, it deals with the study of the measurement under criteria of efficiency, which is constituted in the scientific contribution on the local actions of the municipality in the matter of administration and allocation of financial resources (Loikkanen and Susiluoto, 2005). In this way, the measurement of efficiency allows us to know how they are managing financial resources in local policies (Herrera and Málaga, 2007) Currently, in the economic and social sectors, there are positions and radical or misguided readings about the use of the economic resources of a Municipal Government, if these are coming to benefit the population in a municipal district. Therefore, we observe the need to address the study of efficiency in the municipalities of Ecuador, using a scientific methodology, since most of the management indicators established by the public administration and others, are being considered as little useful for the control of services (Prado and García, 2004). Also, it is important to highlight that the study is of vital importance, because it helps to understand and propose some actions that may arise from the work, in such a way that the resources existing in the processes of implementation of the programs and projects of competence can be adequately managed. municipal; besides providing inputs for the State and can formulate and elaborate public policies in favor of an adequate management and the adequate distribution of economic resources.
DIRECTOR EDUARDO ZURITA MOREANO PROJECT NAME CREATION OF THE ECONOMIC OBSERVATORY OF THE FACULTY OF POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES OF UNACH
SUMMARY The project aims to create an Economic Observatory, with sufficient tools to generate information that allows the construction of socioeconomic statistics that contribute to private and public entities in decision-making. In the investigations carried out through the Economic Observatory, there is the collection of socio-economic, productive and commercial statistical information, among others, framed in the sub-lines: Development Economics and Economic Policy. One of the many deficiencies that the center of the country has is not having institutions that forge reliable information that contribute to the design of economic policies aimed at improving the living conditions of the society of Riobamba and the country. Regarding the investigations that will be carried out in the first instance, it can be said that the tourism sector will be investigated and its contribution to the economic growth of the city of Riobamba.
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DIRECTOR YADIER TORRES PROJECT NAME MEASURING POVERTY FROM BASIC UNSATISFIED NEEDS: A CALCULATION FOR CANTON RIOBAMBA
SUMMARY The research topic is related to "Poverty in households in the canton of Riobamba". Interest in this issue of poverty has grown as a consequence of several problems such as socio-economic inequality, exclusion, an apparent democracy, degradation of nature, affecting the most vulnerable society in a drastic manner. In Riobamba canton, studies and analysis and research on poverty have not been carried out in a clear and real way, rather they have been oriented in a general way at the national level, resulting in many analyzes with different research methodologies, different objectives , calculations, models, etc., where in some cases it is decided to use income or consumption as an indicator of economic well-being, measure absolute or relative poverty, obtain a sample of individuals and households. The purpose of this study is to analyze and ask ourselves a) Who are the poor? b) What are the changes in poverty indicators? c) Where are the poor located? Where do the poor go? The Methodology is based on a direct method of "identification" of the poor, taking into account aspects that are not necessarily reflected in the income level of a household. The selection process is constituted, in a general way, by four steps: 1 Determine the minimum basic needs group. 2 Choose indicators that represent those needs. 3 Define the critical level of satisfaction for each need. 4 Ensure that the selected indicators correspond to situations of poverty. Among the expected results is: to have an instrument to evaluate the effects of policies related to poverty reduction, to study the behavior of households in the economic environ-
ment and living conditions in which the population of the canton Riobamba is located , to have a real and updated base line, to verify the improvements in the quality of life, to enable the mediation and analysis of the relationships between the different aspects of the quality of life to measure family well-being, referred to a same period of time in monetary terms, a system of definitions and to identify access to social services and public goods, and to produce information at the household level and the effects of social programs on levels of well-being of the population. Have a tool (ECV) for a statistical operation addressed to households by probabilistic sampling. The target population is made up of the habitual residents who make up the homes and who live in the Riobamba canton. It is planned to carry out a cross-sectional exploratory study of the survey data that will be established with a profile of the city of Riobarnba according to the size of the populations. The studies associated with the unsatisfied basic needs such as health care and the preservation of life will be studied in the Living Conditions Survey. The study will show the feasibility of facing a transversal research (panel from the waves of the EPH) to be carried out at the city level. The intention to expand and disseminate the knowledge gathered through the investigative process, among the members of the scientific and private community, that it is a publication of a research article. The publication of a book as an instrument of learning, tenitorial planning and research consultation
DIRECTOR GERARDO NIEVES PROJECT NAME PUBLIC AND INSTITUTIONAL ETHICS IN RIOBAMBA, ITS UTILITY FOR DEMOCRACY AND DEVELOPMENT
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SUMMARY The project raises the need to investigate how public ethics in our city is applied and practiced by those responsible for public services, to comply with this undertaking the National University of Chimborazo through its research team consisting of a Director, Assistant Subdirector, researchers, interviewers and systematizers will carry out some strategies and an appropriate methodology depending on the reality of the city of Riobamba. The research will be applied through a characterization of the public entities that represent the Ecuadorian state in the city and establish a citizen survey to determine their views regarding public ethics, for which instruments and tools will be designed to be applied situ, in a next moment to process the information, analyze interpret the statistical data. The information generated corresponds as authorship to the National University of Chimborazo and its research team, it will be disseminated and socialized to the social actors of the city and local, national and international dissemination of the results through the relevant channels, in such a way that also be a source of consultation for students and subsequent contribution as a subject of publication through scientific journals and books.
DIRECTOR DIEGO PINILLA PROJECT NAME ESTIMATION AND DETERMINANTS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF SOCIAL PUBLIC EXPENDITURE IN LATIN AMERICA AN ANALYSIS OF ESTOCASTIC BORDER
SUMMARY This research intends to estimate several efficiency frontiers that relate public social spending to certain social welfare outcomes. Empirical evidence is sought of the role that the dimensions of the public sectors have in obtaining certain levels of social realization, and the level of efficiency they do. Measuring efficiency, the identification of its determinants would be of great importance in terms of economic policy. Based on second-order estimates (taking the efficiency indices as dependent variables) these efficiency measures will be related by regressive methods with different environmental or institutional factors, which are considered theoretically influential in the efficiency of the public sector, in order to identify which of these promote more socially efficient public sectors. In global terms, it is expected to identify which countries in Latin America demonstrate the best and worst indices of social efficiency, and to try to determine the causes of these differences. Those countries that, for a given level of social results, consume the minimum of public expenditure, or what is the same, those that present a high public expenditure in relation to the results
they are obtaining will be considered inefficient. After measuring efficiency, the identification of its causes would be of great importance in terms of economic policy. A two-step methodology will be addressed. In a first, the cost functions are estimated, and the resulting efficiency measures. In a second stage, these efficiency measures are related by regressive methods with different environmental or institutional factors, which are considered theoretically influential in the efficiency of the public sector. The values of technical production efficiency will be dependent variables in a regression model, based on a set of exogenous variables typical of the institutional system of each country. Taking advantage of the structure of the data, the panel technique will be used, using generalized least squares models. Given that the heterogeneity in this type of models, can be configured in a fixed or variable, which of the two specifications is chosen by the Hausman test.
DIRECTOR RAFAEL YEPEZ ZAMBRANO PROJECT NAME CRIMES AND IMPLICATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION CASE ECUADOR
SUMMARY International migration is a social phenomenon not of now but thousands of years ago, in the Ecuadorian case, this problem is accentuated by dollarization in 2000; In fact, according to the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses and others (200) in the early 1990s, only 37,734 people had left the country in search of work, while in 2000 a number of 121,112 had been registered, that is, that in 10 years, the emigrant population had tripled; the destination of the emigration until 1997 had been mainly the United States, but from that date it diversified towards some European countries, especially Spain and Italy. Thus, in the year 2000, 19.5% of the emigrants traveled to the United States, 61.5% to Spain, 10% to Italy and the remaining 9% to other countries (INEC, 2000). In relation to the Colombian case, Colombia, historically, has been characterized by a great mobility of population, which is registered in four waves comprised in the periods of the decade of the 1960s (mostly to the United States, first wave), the decade of the eighties (directed to Venezuela, second wave), the decade of the nineties (on routes to Spain, third wave) and from the year 2000 (the emigration to Ecuador, fourth route), apparent the atmosphere of tranquility and security of the The country, the new dollarization system and the internal armed conflict, have made Ecuador become for Colombian citizens in the "small
United States". Dollarization and marked unemployment are the two main causes that motivate Peruvians to enter Ecuador more and more, the 120 dollars a week that they earn working in the construction sector, allows them to obtain 480 dollars a month, which represents 1,440 soles , taking into consideration that Peru the minimum wage is 750 soles, the difference is high, almost double. According to the National Superintendency of Migration, General Office of Information Technologies, Communications and Statistics, in Ecuador, in 2016, 79,940 Peruvians entered the country legally. For Cubans, Ecuador not only has been the meeting point, but also the space for the transition to other countries in the world, especially to the United States, the Caribbean people who remain residing in the country, are professionals who seek better economic conditions attracted for the Ecuadorian migration policy. The blockade that the United States imposes on Cuba, the living conditions of Cubans and dollarization are the reasons that motivate Cubans to come to Ecuador. In 2016 according to the newspaper EL TELÉGRAFO dated, Tuesday, August 08, 2017, Ecuador received more than 50,000 Cubans in 2016.
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DIRECTOR PABLO ENRIQUE LOPEZ FIERRO PROJECT NAME PROMOTION OF LOCAL DEVELOPMENT WITH APPROACH OF POPULAR AND SOLIDARITY ECONOMY IN THE SMALL CANTONES OF ECUADOR
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summary projects
SUMMARY The territorial dimension of development is explained contemporaneously by the process of endogenous development at the local level, this has a close relationship with the popular and solidarity economy, especially if it is to address the asymmetries between the subnational spaces of the underdeveloped countries, counting at the same time, with the decentralization and territorial planning that this process demands in each territory. In Ecuador, since the colonization process itself, the foundations were laid for a sectorial / branchial and territorial destructuration of the economy, taking to a marginal level the forms of production, the traditions and customs of its inhabitants. In this sense the scientific problem of the present investigation: What is the situation and impact of Local development in the Province of Chimborazo? To solve the previous scientific problem, the research is proposed as a general objective: Analyze the situation and impact of local development in the Province of Chimborazo During the investigation it is proposed to use different methods, procedures and techniques. Based on the classification of Hemandez, (2010) the following methods will be used: The historical and logical method is used to determine the evolution of the notion of development with respect to its territorial dimension. The method of systemic analysis allows to base the proposed methodology, from the integration of its components, where each one has an impact on the others. The synthetic analytical method will be used for the decomposition of the object into its different components and the establishment of relations between them. The inductive deductive method to determine generalities of the development process in the small cantons of Ecuador in general. Two empirical methods will be used. The method of measurement will be used to verify the problem situation, as well as to diagnose the socioeconomic situation in the small cantons. The Delphi method will be used to select specialists. The techniques of survey, interview, observation and documentary analysis will be used. The survey will be used to diagnose the situation of socioeconomic development in the cantons of Chimborazo, to determine the coefficient of competence of the specialists and to validate the model. The results obtained are processed through the statistical package SPSS or another. The structured interview is used to verify the problem situation. The documentary analysis will be used for the identification of the specialized bibliography, also for the identification of the aforementioned problematic situation The expected results will be: l. A book (refers to a document ready to be reviewed and published in the UNACH). 2. A written document of conceptual theoretical aspects of development and its dimensions. 2. A written document about the diagnosis made.
DIRECTOR ANA VELOZ PROJECT NAME ANALYSIS OF THE FULFILLMENT OF THE RIGHTS AND GUARANTEES OF PERSONS PRIVATE OF FREEDOM
SUMMARY The objective of this research is to carry out a comprehensive diagnosis of the Riobamba Rehabilitation Center, to establish the current situation and propose a systematic plan to be established as a public policy and to be implemented by State operators and coordinated jointly with the National University of Chimborazo, institution that counts with human resources both teachers and practicing and binding students in the areas of medical, dental, psychological, legal (currently already has a legal office in this rehabilitation center), education, culture - sports, economics and other careers, with the purpose of contributing to the rehabilitation and reinsertion of the PPL, to improve their quality of life and their environment. To raise this diagnosis, we consider the new prison management model already established in prisons with the largest prison population in the country. But it is necessary to do a local study based on the real situation of the Rehabilitation Center of Riobamba, to propose a management model according to their reality. The research presented is exploratory descriptive in that it aims to give us an approximate general view of a certain reality. Regarding research techniques, two general forms will be studied: documentary technique and field technique. The documentary technique allows the collection of information to enunciate the theories that sustain the study of phenomena and processes, and includes the use of instruments defined according to the documentary source to which reference will be made (Fichas,). The field technique allows observation in direct contact with the object of study, and the collection of testimonies that allow confronting theory with practice in the search for objective truth. (Surveys, interviews). What allows ordering the stages of research, provide tools to manage information, keep track of the data and guide the obtaining of knowledge. In order to better understand the context of the universe to be investigated, we will inquire about the institutional structure in terms of organisms, dependencies, missions, functions, quantity, location, adaptations, infrastructure, urbanism. Of which the students will be in charge practitioners and teacher of Architecture) With the information contrasted with the new prison model, a proposal for a comprehensive plan for the promotion of compliance with the constitutional rights of the PPL will be constructed. This component will be built with the technical team. In addition, the socioeconomic information obtained allows proposing a plan for the implementation and strengthening of workshops and ventures. This proposal will be built by the technical team of Economy.
summary projects
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SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DIRECTOR HUGO CERDA PROJECT NAME MASS PRODUCTION PARASITOID TAMARIXIA RADIATA FOR CONTROL DIAPHORA CITRIL VECTOR OF DISEASE CITRUS HLB
DIRECTOR
HUGO CERDA
SUMMARY The project deals with the evaluation of wild and hybrids lines of the parasitoid Tamarixia radiata to optimize its mass production to control Diaphorina citri, a vector of Huanglongbing disease, or citrus greening, (Citrus HLB). In the first part that is presented in this proposal, it is a question of collecting T. radiata parasitoids in citrus fruits from Ecuador to obtain the T. radiate wild lines. In a subsequent stages (which still depend on the success of the first stage and obtaining the funds) the parasitoids are genotyped using the ribosomal DNA (rRNA) sequences, transcribed spacers (internal ITS), the cytochrome oxidase I subunit and classical taxonomy , evaluating the biological vigor of wild and hybrid lines, to optimize their mass production.
DIRECTOR
MARIA GIUSEPINA VANGA
PROJECT NAME
PROJECT NAME
FILOGENETICA, ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
VALIDATION OF THE BASILICA OF RIOBAMBA
OF THE PLUTELLIDAE
TOWARDS AN INTELLIGENT CITY
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
Human activities are important drivers of patterns of distribution of invasive species that can lead to important ecological, social and economic consequences (Essl, 2011 and Bertelsmeier et al., 2017). However, many invasive species became cosmopolitan before detailed scientific records, so it is difficult to identify their origin, the invasion pathways and to know which are the genes that turn them into pests. Optimizing the management of invasive species and preventive biosecurity requires knowledge of these factors. The diamond wing moth, DBM (Diamondback Moth) Plutella xylostella (L.), is a pest of global importance that currently costs the world economy an estimated US $ 4-5 billion annually DBM, a threatening agronomic pest , resistant to multiple insecticides, highly dispersive and the most cosmopolitan lepidopteran (Furlong, et al., 2013; Talekar and Shelton, 1993). The complete nuclear genomic sequencing, complete mitochondrial and COI fragments of 532 individuals from 114 sites, in 56 countries around the world have identified southern South America as the origin of this pest. Phylogeographic profiles and lineage analysis also show that the historical global expansion was facilitated by European colonization and trade routes, mainly the Columbian exchange and the slave trade with Africa (Yo u et al., 2018, sent) and Earle ( 2012), Gallagher (2016). This discovery opens the opportunity to make the comparative genomics of Plutella xylostella with its sister or ancestral species perhaps still present in South America. This would allow us to improve the knowledge of the evolution and adaptation of this species and to know its "bread genome" and protein-producing genes, regulatory RNA genes or accessory or new gene duplications only present in DBM. Proteins or unique genes that were possibly under positive selection to facilitate the jump of DBM from wild cruciferous to cultivate in South America during the Columbian exchange (You et al., 2018, sent) Here we propose to discover that it is unique to the DBM genome and that it is shared with its sister or ancestral species. That is, the adaptive genes or their regulators that have turned P. xylostella into a pest. That is, to know which genes convert a wild species that inhabited inedible cruciferous in an agricultural pest. We will do this by making the nuclear and mitochondrial genomic comparison of DBM with 15 sister and / or ancestral species (half species, demos), hypothetically present in their center of origin.
The Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Riobamba, is an icon for the inhabitants of the city. From the year 1974 the idea of the temple was born by Father Manuel Proaño. For the year 1882 the ecclesiastical authority authorizes its construction. In 1913 work had already been completed from abroad, but all of its interior was still missing, however it was finally inaugurated in July 1915. The following years were dedicated to placing statues, the pedestal of the temple, several altars and monuments, being in 1937 the inauguration of the altar of Santa Teresita. In 1958 the Basilica burns down and it is in 1980 when its restoration begins (San Felipe Neri, 2014). The great historian Juan Felix Proaño says: "There are revealing works of great faith, of the elevated religious sentiment of a people, who seek to adore God a place worthy of their greatness." The faith of Riobamba is honored with this magnificent temple "( David, 2017: 31). Being a religious icon for the city, it is vitally important to realize and value this heritage asset, for which it has been chosen among many, to carry out this project. The intention is to collaborate with its protection, highlight its originality, promote its dissemination, as it is part of the past and present of our city and also of culture. There is currently no detailed record of the heritage assets of our city. The value added also has to do with the fact that society can understand it, enjoy it and know it. To do this, it is proposed to make a survey of the building with a high degree of precision, using equipment available to the National University of Chimborazo (UNACH), as are a newly acquired drone and the Focus 3DX 130 Scanner. The general objective of the research is the enhancement of the Sacred Heart of Jesus Basilica of Riobamba by surveying its external and internal structure to promote the conservation of heritage assets and promote the recovery of the city's social and historical memory.
summary projects
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