long-term agreement (LTA) system for the procurement of equipment and furniture. As a result, the $22.9 million expenditure was more than double the initially approved budget. UNDP procurement under its LTAs with car manufacturers were estimated by the terminal evaluation to have delivered over $4 million of savings, compared to what the Government could have achieved through its own arrangements. For the activities and objectives originally set out in the project document performance was weak, with less than 60 percent of the activities completely achieved according the terminal evaluation, and limited substantive engagement in improving policy and regulatory settings in the sector. Finding 5 – UNDP supported the development of early warning systems, collection of climate information and early recovery activities. However, there is a significant need to adapt digital solutions to local contexts to ensure sustainability, recognizing limitations in the supporting infrastructure, especially in remote locations. UNDP supported the establishment of automated weather stations, relying on mobile network coverage for the collection and dissemination of climate and weather data and early warnings to end users. However, the success of this effort has thus far been constrained by technical challenges associated with the uneven reach of the mobile network. For climatic data gathering, the project opted to establish a satellite link, rather than cooperating with mobile network companies to use their mobile networks on a cost-sharing arrangement. The latter would have been more affordable and financially sustainable for the Tanzania Meteorological Agency. On weather and early warning dissemination, it failed to take into account the use of community-based radio, which might be more effective and efficient at disseminating these data, especially in areas not covered by mobile networks, or for end users without access to mobile phones.35 With funding from South Africa, UNDP has contributed to the rehabilitation and reconstruction of schools and health facilities affected by the Kagera Earthquake in 2016. Finding 6 – Consideration of opportunities to promote gender equality in the context of the environmental sustainability pillar was uneven, but with evidence of improvement in attention to gender dimensions over time. The approach to gender mainstreaming remained mostly targeted, concerned with ensuring parity of participation in training and small-scale livelihood interventions, which has provided tangible benefits, but often on a limited scale. This was true in the case of work on renewable energy, protected area and watershed management, and strengthening of early warning systems. In individual activities, and across the portfolio, there is limited evidence of more responsive and transformative approaches,36 which would require deeper consideration of how to leverage policy and systems changes that have the potential to improve gender equality outcomes on a wider scale.37 Documentation of gender impacts of more targeted activities was weak.
Outcome 3 - Inclusive governance Overview of Outcome 3 progress and ratings – UNDP has contributed to Outcome 3, but there is insufficient evidence that UNDP contributed to changes to targeted indicators, which mostly do not adequately capture UNDP contributions in what was a rapidly changing political context for implementing governance interventions. Weak indicators are also a problem for supporting outputs, which partially explains the rating of these as either at risk or off-track. However, the dominance of amber output ratings mostly reflects challenges in the operating environment, given the shrinking space available for UNDP to support reforms in targeted areas.
35
UNDP (2018) Terminal Evaluation of the project: “Strengthening Climate Information and Early Warning Systems in Tanzania for Climate Resilient Development and Adaptation to Climate Change”. 36 Gender responsive approaches address the differential needs of men and women and address the equitable distribution of benefits, resources, status and rights, but do not address the root causes of inequalities in their lives. Gender transformative approaches contribute to changes in norms, cultural values, power structures and the roots of gender inequality and discrimination. 37 Consistent with the finding from the decentralized mid-term evaluation: UNDP (2018) Thematic evaluation of UNDP contribution to Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment at mid-term stage of implementation of the Country Programme Document 2016–2021.
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