5.2 RECOMENDACIONES

5.2 RECOMENDACIONES

El Chocó ecuatoriano es un ecosistema que ha perdido la mayoría de sus bosques originales a partir de los años 50, una gran limitante para el presente estudio fue medir la fragmentación de un hábitat que ya ha sufrido alteraciones a su ecosistema original, además alser un análisis a gran escala imposibilita establecer monitoreos de campo in situ para verificar la presencia de animales amenazados en parches de bosque de pequeño tamaño.

El modelado de nicho ecológico busca una aproximación a la distribución de especies, sin embargo, los resultados del presente documento pueden tener sesgos de exactitud debido a la calibración del modelo utilizando un área de movilidad común para todas las especies. Se podrían obtener resultados con una mayor exactitud al establecer áreas de movilidad tomando en consideración características de cada una de las especies para la construcción de cada una de las áreas de movilidad y posterior elaboración del modelo.

Para futuros estudios se debe tomar en consideración metodologías particulares para la selección de atributos de las fuentes de información, es importante que nuevos estudios se enfoquen en el monitoreo, la riqueza y la abundancia de especies de los parches de bosque incluyendo diversos taxones de vertebrados e invertebrados para poder orientar las nuevas acciones de conservación. Es necesario también apoyar las acciones ya emprendidas por entes privados para conservación in situ y aprovechar estos espacios para poder realizar investigación científica que permita cuantificar la importancia de los parches de bosque en este importante ecosistema.

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7. ANEXOS

7.1 Anexo 1. Script para cálculo de fragmentación de ecosistemas, ejemplo análisis del año 2000.

install.packages("landscapemetrics") library(landscapemetrics) library(raster) library(rgdal)

#cargar datos #Ecosistemasemas del Chocó

BsTc01<-raster("./Ecosistemas/2000/Bosq_SV_tierrbjschoc.tif") BeTc01<-raster("./Ecosistemas/2000/bosq_SVestac_TB.tif") BsTc02<-raster("./Ecosistemas/2000/bosq_inud_llan_intermar.tif") BsTc03<-raster("./Ecosistemas/2000/bosq_inud_llanur_al.tif") HsTc02<-raster("./Ecosistemas/2000/herb_ripario.tif") BsTc04<-raster("./Ecosistemas/2000/Manglar_choco.tif") BePc01<-raster("./Ecosistemas/2000/BosqSVestac_piemont.tif") BsBc01<-raster("./Ecosistemas/2000/Bosque_SV_mont_bajo.tif") intervencion<-raster("./Ecosistemas/2000/intervencion.tif")

#calculo de metricas para Ecosistemasemas

#total Area lsm_l_ta(BsTc01) lsm_l_ta(BeTc01) lsm_l_ta(BsTc02) lsm_l_ta(BsTc03) lsm_l_ta(HsTc02) lsm_l_ta(BsTc04) lsm_l_ta(BePc01) lsm_l_ta(BsBc01) lsm_l_ta(intervencion)

#Total class area

lsm_c_ca(BsTc01, directions=8) lsm_c_ca(BeTc01, directions=8) lsm_c_ca(BsTc02, directions=8) lsm_c_ca(BsTc03, directions=8) lsm_c_ca(HsTc02, directions=8) lsm_c_ca(BsTc04, directions=8) lsm_c_ca(BePc01, directions=8) lsm_c_ca(BsBc01, directions=8)

#Media del Ã-ndice de contiguidad

lsm_c_contig_mn(BsTc01,directions=8) lsm_c_contig_mn(BeTc01,directions=8) lsm_c_contig_mn(BsTc02,directions=8) lsm_c_contig_mn(BsTc03,directions=8) lsm_c_contig_mn(HsTc02,directions=8) lsm_c_contig_mn(BsTc04,directions=8) lsm_c_contig_mn(BePc01,directions=8) lsm_c_contig_mn(BsBc01,directions=8) lsm_c_contig_mn(intervencion,directions=8)

#mean euclidean nearest neighbor

lsm_c_enn_cv(BsTc01,directions=8, verbose=TRUE) lsm_c_enn_cv(BeTc01,directions=8, verbose=TRUE) lsm_c_enn_cv(BsTc02,directions=8, verbose=TRUE) lsm_c_enn_cv(BsTc03,directions=8, verbose=TRUE) lsm_c_enn_cv(HsTc02,directions=8, verbose=TRUE) lsm_c_enn_cv(BsTc04,directions=8, verbose=TRUE) lsm_c_enn_cv(BePc01,directions=8, verbose=TRUE) lsm_c_enn_cv(BsBc01,directions=8, verbose=TRUE) lsm_c_enn_cv(intervencion,directions=8, verbose=TRUE)

#num of patches

lsm_c_np(BsTc01,directions=8) lsm_c_np(BeTc01,directions=8) lsm_c_np(BsTc02,directions=8) lsm_c_np(BsTc03,directions=8) lsm_c_np(HsTc02,directions=8) lsm_c_np(BsTc04,directions=8) lsm_c_np(BePc01,directions=8) lsm_c_np(BsBc01,directions=8) lsm_c_np(intervencion,directions=8)

#tamaño promedio de los parches lsm_l_area_mn(BsTc01, directions=8) lsm_l_area_mn(BeTc01, directions=8) lsm_l_area_mn(BsTc02, directions=8) lsm_l_area_mn (BsTc03, directions=8) lsm_l_area_mn (HsTc02, directions=8) lsm_l_area_mn (BsTc04, directions=8) lsm_l_area_mn (BePc01, directions=8) lsm_l_area_mn (BsBc01, directions=8)

#Desviación estándar del area de los parches

lsm_c_area_sd(BsTc01, directions=8) lsm_c_area_sd(BeTc01, directions=8) lsm_c_area_sd(BsTc02, directions=8) lsm_c_area_sd(BsTc03, directions=8) lsm_c_area_sd(HsTc02, directions=8) lsm_c_area_sd(BsTc04, directions=8) lsm_c_area_sd(BePc01, directions=8) lsm_c_area_sd(BsBc01, directions=8)