Pohara marae (Dexell. A)

POHARA MARAE PROSPERITY

DEXELL AITA STUDIO 5 LANDSCAPE

Context

Sanctuary’s Vision Project Goal Site Characteristics Character of Site Client & Brief History

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Map Analysis/Rationale Land Use Capabilities Land Cover Slope Streams/Run-off River Order Catchments Soil/Rock Formation

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Perspective Planting Structure Riparian Planting Master Plan Cross Section Model Design Diccusion Plant Species Reference

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SANCTUARY’S VISION The aim of this project is to investigate the possibilities of culturally and ecologically sensitive landscape, In order to achieve this, [San]ctuary must begin to understand the landscape, whilst listening to the Hapu of Pohara Marae with cultural beliefs upon their land to enhance the essence of identity.

The vision of [San]tuary is to assist the Ngati koroki kahukura of Pohara Marae to enhance the essence of identity, with our key concentrations on preservation of the Awa, and there homelands, “kia mau ki te whenua, hei papakainga mo ake tonu”, - “keep the land a home forever”.

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PROJECT GOAL Pohara Marae , a sacred and vital landscape that contributes to the condition and well-being of the surrounding landscapes co-existing around the area. Using Pohara’s existing value to the surrounding landscape to bring Prosperity to the wider landscape which will in return reflect prosperity back into the site.

“THIS PROJECT DOES NOT ONLY REGENERATE THE PHYSICAL LANDSCAPE OF POHARA BUT ALSO TRIES TO PULL THE COMMUNITY OF POHARA TOGETHER TO FORM A STRONGER BOND. THE BOND BETWEEN LOCAL PEOPLE, AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE LAND IS WHAT MAKES POHARA UNIQUE.”

Revitalizing the River System using Riparian Planting Providing the necessary facilities for the Pohara Community by enhancing Papakainga DevelopmentGenerating a source of income for the local community by identifying and establishing land suitable for crops/farming.

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SITE CHARACTERISTICS SURROUNDING HILLS RIVER MARAE FARM LANDS CROP LANDS

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VEGETATION PAPAKAINGA

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LANDSCAPE CHARACTER Pohara Marae has a very unique cultural and ecological essence that is immediately felt within the site and throughout the surrounding landscape. The unique landscape of the terrain which surrounds the site, creates a strong sense of security and safety. The colossal hills running along the edges of the site, supports the existing bond between the people of Pohara and the Waikato River. Towering behind the marae, it drives the focus of view shafts from the marae and narrows it down to the farms lands and the Waikato River to the Easter side of the landscape.

The location of the Puna (streams) describes the cultural value it has on the Pohara people. Emerging out of the land, from the footings of the steep cliffs behind the Marae, the streams run through undisturbed filters of greener. Its location and situation on sitereflects that the puna is very sacred, hiding within the land the locals see the puna a source of life, supplying them with water, food and comfort. This is a clear metaphor of how the people of Pohara value their puna.

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CLIENT & BRIEF The People of Pohara visualized their home as a place for their whanau to come back to and reunite with their whakapapa. In their vision, the landscape was restored to its former glory, inviting all the wild-life that once walk and crawled on the land.

It is in this projects best interest to bring “Prosperity” to Pohara.

To design an ecological and cultural restoration of the sacred puna (spring) at Pohara Marae, and the stream which connects the puna to the tupuna awa (the Waikato River).The master plan should include revegetation, provide connections to Pohara marae and optionally suggest a possible extension of the papakāinga. Aim for high quality cultural, ecological and social outcomes,

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HISTORY Piupiu Te Wherowwhero established Pohara in the earlky 1930’s. While living in Ngati Maniapoto territory, Piupiu became heavily involved with the teachings of Tahupotiki Wiremu Ratana and led a group of Ratana followers within the Kingitanga. In the 1920’s Piupui’s first cousin, King Te Rata instructed Piupiu to build a home for her followers. It was called Kenana and was situated alongside what is now Oreipunga Road. The name Kenana was derived from Mt Canaan in the bible. Later, Piupiu relocated the settlement higher up the hill, to be closer to the spring. The land at the time was in a poor condition. Te Rata apparently visited the settlement and said to Piupui: “He teitei rewa tera ingoa mo koutou, kei kore koutou e kaha ki te hapai i roto i te wa, me noho koutou i roto i te Poharatanga” When translated, it roughly means: “You may not be able to uphold the name in time to come, it is better that you remain in poverty” Thus the name was changed from Kenana to Pohara. Kuamatua Wina Taute has interpreted the name Pohara to mean ‘to be humble’, and the name of the wharenui, Rangaiatea, as coming from a house that stood at Tane, an earlier settlement at Maungatautari, our ancestral mountain. According to our tupuna, the name for our maunga came from an incident when the tip of our mountain was visible atop a heavy cloud, making it seem that there was a mountain floating above the clouds – he mounga e tautari ana.

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MAP ANALYSIS/ RATIONALE Data information regarding maps were gathered using GIS data, and through this process constraints and opportunities were presented. The data available on GIS were very elaborate on some layers more than others.

Information such as Impervious Surfaces, Building Footprints and Vegetation weren’t available on GIS. Vegetation layers were presented but information regarding the existing vegetation and species found on site were very limited.

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LAND USE CAPABILITIES

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LUC (Land Use Capability) data gathered from Pohara and its surrounding landscapes indicate how arable the land is, and what the land is capable or incapable of sustaining. The LUC Map show that majority of the Land within the initial property boundary is fairly arable land, suitable for the proposed development of Prosperity. There are highly arable strips of lands south and east of the site. The cliff area surrounding Pohara is considered non-arable land, with various limitations on their potential development, although pastures and forests would be the safest option of development.

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LUC

Pohara Marae

1s 1

Rivers

1s 1+7e10

Roads

2s 1

Pohara_Property_Boundary

3e 1 3s 1+7e10 3w 1 6e 1 7e 1

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LAND COVER

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The existing land cover on site shows the different natural elements, man-made features and anything in between. This could be used to identify and investigate the types of vegetation found both in and around Pohara, and is ideal information for developments such as this.

Pohara is surrounded by various types of vegetations, north of the site is a stretch of land cover with indigenous forest. Behind the papakainga housing area, across the puna is an area of exotic forest, and further down the stream toward the main road is a vegetated area mainly consisting of Manuka and/or Kanuka plant species. Majority of the surrounding landscape is classified as an area of high producing exotic grassland.

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Pohara Marae

Forest - Harvested

Rivers

Gorse and/or Broom

Roads

High Producing Exotic Grassland

Pohara_Property_Boundary

Indigenous Forest

Broadleaved Indigenous Hardwoods

Lake or Pond

Built-up Area (settlement)

Manuka and/or Kanuka

Deciduous Hardwoods

Orchard, Vineyard or Other Perennial Crop

Exotic Forest 1:10,000

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SLOPE Slope analysis map clearly points out where the steep slopes are situated in comparison to the site, the steep slopes are considered barriers as they restrict certain developments such as building homes and others alike due to health and safety regulations.

Gathered information show that Pohara is fenced by steep slopes running through the back of the site, limiting view shafts, sunny light and accessibility. Isolation of Pohara is considered to be an constraint, although isolation creates certain opportunities for development.

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CULTURAL SITES

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Curial data for this project is Archaeology information, the study of cultural landscape and areas of cultural values to the people of Pohara. Development of the site does not only affect Pohara Marae alone, because the marae is a landscape which is situated in a larger landscape (Waikato Region), which also situated in a larger landscape (North Island).

Working on a small scale, there are 4 cultural site (Pa site) surrounding Pohara, following the edges of the steep slopes which run along around the back of the site.

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Pohara Marae Rivers Roads Pohara_Property_Boundary

NZAA_Sites !

Pa

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ASPECT

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The aspect analysis map reveals the relationship between the sunlight and the landscape. The aspect map will help determine areas would be best suitable for specific species, as some plants prefer to grow in areas of low sunlight and other prefer to get as much sunlight as possible.

This information is important when riparian buffer zones are involved in development strategies.

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Pohara Marae Rivers Roads Pohara_Property_Boundary

<VALUE> -1 - 90 90.00000001 - 180 180.0000001 - 270 270.0000001 - 359

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FLOW ACCUMULATION

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Flow Accumulation is information revealing areas where water is most likely to collect and it also gives an idea of how the land has been influenced or shaped by the water. Knowing where the water collects and the route it took to get there will heavily influence designs of development. Depending on certain areas of the site, building/planting will have restrictions according to the water accumulation of the area.

The Prosperity development plan has taken into consideration the water accumulation areas around the site and rather than designing around these areas to avoid restrictions, it has adapted to the existing conditions and formed a design.

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Pohara Marae Rivers Roads Pohara_Property_Boundary

Flow Accumulation High : 6.47686

Low : 2

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SOIL FORMATION

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Most landscapes have certain soil limitations, especially areas with terraces, areas that with shallow soil layers, and pumice lands. The three most important soil characteristics are stoniness, pans and soil texture. The Soil maps indicate that the soil type found throughout the site is arable and have a high count in sediment within the soil formation. This means that the soil content has the potential to be improved so that soil stability may be increased to reduce soil erosion.

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Soil

Pohara Marae

126a

Rivers

1c

Roads

48a

Pohara_Property_Boundary

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+ 48a

57 H 98

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PERSPECTIVE

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PLANTING STRUCTURE The Riparian diagrams shows how riparian planting will be carried out. The method of this development along the streams (puna) is to protect and enhance the stream itself and also the plant species put in place.

In relationship to the aspect of the area, smaller plant species will be encouraged to be planted closer to the stream, considering the stream will have an opening to allow sun light to pass through to not only the stream but also to the smaller plants. The plant heights will increase the further they are away from the stream.

Planning • There is existing vegetation in the site. Names of existing species found on site: • The objective of planting on this site is to serve environmental benefits and enhance landscape.

• Time and resources available to produce project.

“Consider including ‘winter food’ plants for birds like miro, karamu, mapou, pate, five-finger and kohekohe. These will encourage birds to your fragment and will increase plant diversity too, due to the seeds carried in by birds”

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RIPARIAN PLANTING Planting trees and shrubs that are local to our area will help reclaim or rebuild some of what we have lost in our region - making your local area a more attractive and healthy place to be.

Here are some of the benefits of planting natives: • Beautify the district • Invitation for birds into your backyards • Provide stepping stones or wildlife corridors for native birds • Distribution of native seeds and pollen across the landscape • Help provide winter food for tui, kereru and bellbirds • Protect the soil and water on land • Preserve and rebuild the natural character of your local landscape • Increase the value of your land • Provide shelter and protection for yourself and your farm animals • Convert a problem or waste area into a beautiful and diverse area • Gain a sense of personal satisfaction and stimulation through learning Identify which plants are best suited for the site, this will help save money and time and ensure that this project will be successful.

Ecosourcing is when seed collected from natural parents is used to propagate native plants. These seeds are collected from as close as possible to the planned planting site and from similar landforms (such as a river bank, ridge, slope or flat). Ecosourcing is to be encouraged.

We recommend ecosourcing your plant material, particularly the following species: • kowhai, Sophora microphylla • lacebark, Hoheria species • manuka, Leptospermum scoparium • kanuka, Kunzea ericoides • kohuhu, Pittosporum species • or other threatened plants 21

MASTER PLAN

RIPARIAN DEVELOPMENT

POTENTIAL OBSERVING POINT

GRAZING LAND

PAPAKAINGA DEVELOPMENT

DEVELOPED TRACK

CROP LAND

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Motor-vehicle Track

Orchards

Pedestrian Path

Riparian Buffer

Puna

Riparian Buffer

Pedestrian Path

Pedestrian Path

Vegetation Soil Stablility

Motor-vehicle Track

Riparian Buffer

Motor-vehicle Track

Pedestrian Path

Pedestrian Path

Riparian Buffer

Puna

Riparian Buffer

Puna

Pedestrian Path

Vegetation Soil Stablility

CROSS SECTIONS

MODEL

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DESIGN DISCCUSION The main strategy used in this project was using Riparian planting to solve the issues presented on site. Issues such as loss of native creatures, native plant species, soil erosion, wet lands, loss of cultural appreciation of landscape.

Riparian Planting all throughout the proposed areas, will assist in developing and enhancing these issues. Introducing riparian planting to the landscape and to the people will present multiple opportunities to take action in solving existing issues. By having riparian planting as part of Prosperity, it will give Pohara the opportunity to re-introduce endangered plant species back into the landscape, and by having these species as part of the riparian planting, they will be a part of the conservation and protection regulations thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s shelter the riparian buffers.

Riparian planting if successful, will also create the suitable environment for the native birds and wild life to once again take habitat within the landscape. These wild lives will also assist in flourishing the strategy of riparian planting. The effects are beneficial to both endangered plant species and native wild life.

Soil stability plays a crucial part in development of Poharaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s landscape, as they contribute to progress of riparian development. The existing conditions of the soil are fairly arable, indicating that the land has huge potential to sustain crops and other beneficial land uses (cattle farming). In return of soil supporting riparian planting, the plant species placed in place will increase soil stability therefore reducing soil erosion and keeping the formation of the existing landscape.

The crop land in the design has been located at this specific area, due to how arable the land is and considering all the activities that occur around the other surrounding areas. This area is also fairly accessible by tracks for both pedestrians and motor vehicles, simultaneously being isolated from the rest of the site. Separating the crop land from areas of activities that may disturb the growth and maintenance of the crops.

Emphasizing the importance of the crop lands, the locals will be able to resource their own food supply for the marae and also could possibly generate a source of income.

Existing cattle farming is located in front of the marae area, and consequently this area has been damaged by the cattle. The soil has been damaged by grazing and also by pollution from the waste of the cattle. Therefore the proposed design highlights a potential area suitable to handle and better treat waste from the cattle farming. The proposed area is significant to better cattle farming because of its location and soil arability. The area is located right along the main road and existing public drainage systems, allowing the drainage (cattle waste) from the farm land to safely merge into the public drainage system without polluting the streams and other surrounding landscapes. Increasing the land availability for farming could potentially expand cattle farming, generating a steady source of food for the local people, and also be a source of income.

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Where to find plants

PLANT SPECIES

• Growing your own: Generally, native plants are not difficult to grow from seed. If you have the time and room for some basic nursery facilities, growing your own plants can be a rewarding part of your restoration project. Collecting seeding from neighbouring properties with the owners permission is also a very rewarding choice, pulling different resources of the surrounding landscape to help rehabilitated Pohara’s landscape character.

• Rescue unwanted plants: Native plants often establish themselves along fencelines, in pine plantations and along bush tracks. You may have some success transplanting unwanted plants, but never dig up plants without the landowner’s permission and never take them from reserves. Generally smaller plants survive transplanting better than larger, more established plants. Take care that the self-seeded plants are not from parents in a nearby garden or park, as they may not be local.

Advantage: Transplanting and growing your own plants are great ways to get to know the native plants in your area better.

Disadvantage: Time and space consuming • Nursey: Some local native plant nurseries that sell local and ecosourced native species are listed below. Look for other local nurseries in the phone book.

• Annton Nursery Hamilton Road Cambridge (07) 827 4144

• Taupo Native Plant Nursery PO Box 437 Taupo (07) 378 5450

• Full Boom Flora Nurseries Ltd 524 Morrinsville Rd Hamilton (07) 856 4515 Advantage: Easy to order and have other people grow your plant for you.

Disadvantage: Remember to plan your planting in advance and provide nurseries with notice so they have time to grow the plant material you require.

More Expensive option.

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REFERENCE Auckland Growth Studio. (n.d.). Retrieved from UIT: https://aucklandgrowthstudio.wordpress.com/project-2015/hapuhydroeco-pikitu-marae-papakainga-development/ Maunga Trust. (n.d.). Retrieved from History of Maungatautari: http://www.maungatrust.org/files/6648/History%20of%20 Maungatautari.pdf Taranaki Regional Council. (n.d.). Retrieved from Riparian Planting: http://www.trc.govt.nz/assets/taranaki/environment/ land/images/Ripariancrossection.jpg UIT Auckland Growth Studio. (2015). Retrieved from A Landscape Architectural Approach to Urban Density in Auckland: https://aucklandgrowthstudio.wordpress.com/project-2015/hapuhydroeco-pikitu-marae-papakainga-development/ Waikato Region Council. (n.d.). Retrieved from Waikato RIver: http://www.waikatoregion.govt.nz/waikatoriver/ Waikato, E. (n.d.). Planting Natives in the Waikato Region. Retrieved from Waikato Region: http://www.waikatoregion. govt.nz/PageFiles/41517/Planting%20natives%20in%20the%20Waikato%20region.pdf

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