Pohara Marae Studio 5 - Project 2
Glenn Ridley ID: 1432597
Contents Introduction Design Analyses Vision 4 Te Aranga MÄ ori Design Principles 20 Hauora Concept 5 Applied Hauora Concept 21 Project 1 Strategy 6 Taha Tinana: Economic Well-Being 22 Taha Hinengaro: Hydrological Well-Being 23 Landscape Analyses Taha Whanau: Ecological Well-Being 24 Taha Wairua: Cultural Well-Being 25 Project Aim 7 Infrastructure 8 Concept Plan Cultural Locations 9 Existing Land Use 10 Master Plan 26 Slope 11 Perspective 28 Water Accumulation 12 Cross Sections 29 Water Direction 13 Soil 14 Plant Information Arable Land 15 Summer Solstice 16 Suggested Plants for Re-Vegetated Area 30 Winter Solstice 17 Suggest Planting for Riparian Area 31 View Shaft Locations 18 Suggested Fruit Trees for Orchard 32 Papakainga Extension 19
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Vision The vision is to assist the Ngāti Korokī Kahukura, in creating a sustainable landscape with the means to protect, restore and enhance their own landscape narrative. A landscape that reflects the intimate relationship that the tangata whenua have with the land. Creating an intergenerational landscape that will promote a strong relationship between the community and environment, a relationship that will perpetuate the value of the land and resources. The process will involve education and suggestion of strategies for change so that the Ngāti Korokī Kahukura are able to rebuild their landscape, tucked away at the foothills of their Maunga. In particular, 2000+ plants for vegetation, site maneuverability and identity, protection of significant sites, fish and avian species is required. Heavy emphasis is placed on cultural well-being as mentioned by Hauora and a constant for understanding the people who will use the site. A definitive strategy allows less room for generalization or assumptions that could be invasive to the Hapu restoration process.
Whatungarongaro Te Tangata Toitū Te Whenua As man disappears from sight, the land remains
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Hauora Concept Hauora - Health
Hauora is a health concept implemented in schools to promote all aspects of health. The concept is based on a Whare, all four walls of a Whare represent all four dimensions of hauora, since they influence and support the other and do not function in isolation. The four dimensions are: • Taha Tinana: Physical Well-Being • Taha Hinengaro: Mental And Emotional Well-Being • Taha Whanau: Social Well-Being • Taha Wairua: Spiritual well-being This as a base of the conceptual idea and strategy plan has been adapted to be more specific to Papatuanuku, the land, the mother of all things, who nourishes all life. She is the foundation, she is the physical and spiritual basis of life, her well-being is important. • Taha Tinana (physical): Economic well-being The resources the land has to offer at its broadest sense • Taha Hinengaro (mental & emotional): Hydrological well-being Hydrological since rivers run as fluid as thoughts • Taha Whanau (social): Ecological well-being Ecology - the relationship living things have with its surroundings • Taha Wairua (spiritual): Cultural well-being The places that hold the essence of the land Ko Au Te Whenua, Te Whenua Ko Au I am the land and the land is me This diagram represents roject 1’s interpretation of sustainable landscape and how the four aspects of it interact. Economic, ecology and hydrology overlap but culture is what drives a manmade sustainable landscape holding the three together.
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Project 1 Strategy Project 1’s strategy is a composition of a thorough analysis of the surrounding landscape with slope, aspect, arable land, soil type, hydrology, vegetation and cultural sites taken into account to provide the best position for rotational crops, seasonal crops, grazing stock and re-vegetation across the landscape. This strategy provides a balance between continuous economic growth and the establishment of a more complex eco-system within the surrounding landscape. • A more diversified use of the landscape from stock grazing allows for other types of income to be established within the Marae, providing more stable revenue. This also allows other members of the Hapu to become more involved within the daily operations of the Marae, labor intensive jobs such as harvesting of crops and the re-vegetation of the landscape will allow everyone to play their part. Slope Angle
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• This typePohara of recommended land use will also allow the Marae to form a stronger Marae relationship with the landscape, forming an overall healthier eco-system that Boundary Line benefits all. Cycling/Walking Tracks
Name_2012
SlopeRiver/Pond Angle Slope Angle Economy1 Pohara Marae D Angle Slope Pohara Marae
D D
LUC Boundary Line
Pohara Marae Boundary Line Crops Short-Rotation Cycling/Walking Tracks Boundary Line Tracks Cycling/Walking Stock Grazing
Name_2012 Cycling/Walking Tracks Name_2012 Seasonsal River/PondCrops Name_2012 River/Pond Native Vegetation
Economy1 River/Pond Economy1 LUC Maungatutari Economy1 LUC Short-Rotation Crops LUC Short-Rotation Stock Grazing Crops
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Short-Rotation Crops Stock Grazing Seasonsal Crops Stock Grazing Seasonsal Crops Native Vegetation Seasonsal Crops Native Vegetation Maungatutari
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Project Aim To design an ecological and cultural restoration of the sacred Puna (spring) at Pohara Marae, and the stream which connects the Puna to the Tupuna Awa (the Waikato River).The master plan will include revegetation, provide connections to Pohara marae and optionally suggest a possible extension of the PAPAKÄ€INGA. The aim is for high quality cultural, ecological and social outcomes, in line with the group strategies established in Project 1. The development must maintain ecological integrity and demonstrate fit with the cultural and rural landscape context. The proposed development should include an appropriate mixture and integration of uses and activities e.g. productive land (eg orchard, crops), community amenities (e.g. extension of the PAPAKÄ€INGA, playground) retail or tourism facilities as your strategies have determined. The proposed activities should not draw the focus away from the existing ecological and cultural landscape patterns, but rather complement/emphasise and highlight (where appropriate) these elements and connections.
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Infrastructure
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Pohara Marae is about 15.2km (15min by a vehicle) distance from the state highway. • The networks of roads that are developed directly along the streamlines need to be considered for any impact of storm water pollution on stream health.
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• The closest town to the Marae is Arapuni, a small village with a population of around 2,190 usual residents (in accordance to 2013 Census map) that is home to a hydro electric power station and dam. Arapuni is renowned for tourism opportunities with access for fishing from the Arapuni Dam Bridge, recreational activities like water-skiing, boating and fishing from Jones’ Landing and a tramping and cycling experience from the Waikato River Trails.
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D Slope Angle
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Pohara Marae Design Extent Property Boundaries Cycling/Walking Tracks Roads Arapuni Native Vegetation Exotic Forest/Shrubland
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Gravel or Rock; High Producing Exotic Grassland; Low Producing Grassland; Surface Mine or Dump; Transport Infrastructure; Urban Parkland/Open Space 1:24,000 River/Ponds
Sourced from the LINZ Data Service and licensed for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand licence
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Cultural Locations The circles on the map of monotones represent the historical landscape that has been ‘preserved’ for at least 500 years after the settlement of Maori tribes around the lower slopes of Mt Maungatautari.
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• Pohara Marae is located in between Mt Maungatautari and Waikato River, among with clusters of Historical Sites.
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• Most of the archaeological sites (60-70%) are Pā, Maori village or defensive settlement on foot hills. This reflects how Maori ancestors have wisely used the advantages of the dynamic contour allied with a frost free environment that had been suitable for growing the Polynesian crop of kumara and taro.
b
g
Slop g g
Slope Angle SlopePohara Angle Marae
D D
Pohara Marae Design Extent
Design Extent ShortDescr ShortDescr b Knoll/Stone/Pits b Knoll/Stone/Pits g PA Sites
g ! (
PA Sites Rectangular ditch / inner bank enclosure
! ( L L
Rectangular ditch / inner bankdrawings enclosure Two caves/shelters with rock
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g
D
Shor b
g ! (
g
g
! (
g
L
g
Two caves/shelters with rock drawings
L
1:24,000
Sourced from the LINZ Data Service and licensed for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand licence
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Existing Land Use
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The most common land cover is grasslands, expected to be intensively managed for grazing in dairy production with the open grassed fields prone to erosion. • The isolated patches of vegetation illustrate the significant need of connectivity for sustaining ecological habitats and diversity.
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• Some portions of the site, including within the boundary of the Marae, are already established with manuka and kanuka which could be one of the key native species in our planting materials with medicinal effects.
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Ko Te Kai Too Ronga; Ko Te Ronga To Kai Let your food be your medicine, and medicine be your food.
D Slope Slope Angle Angle
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Pohara Marae Site Location Design Design Extent Extent
Strength ofVegetation Insolation Native Value Grassland 1639
Exotic Forest/Shrubland
1178
722 River/Ponds 267
Manuka/Kanuka Seasonal/Short-Rotation Crops
10
Surface Mine or Dump Urban Parkland/Open Space
1:10,000 Sourced from the LINZ Data Service and licensed for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand licence
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Slope
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From a rolling relief to gullies to steep terrain and channeling valleys, Pohara’s surrounding landscape contains a variety of various slopes. Due to some of the lahar and lava deposits from Manugatauturi , this landscape contains scattered rock cliffs located behind the marae This creates an opportunity for a number of different activities or aesthetics to compliment the natural features of the landscape.
Slop
D Slope SlopeAngle Angle Slope Pohara PoharaMarae Marae DDAngle Slope Angle Pohara Marae Design Design Extent Extent
<VAL
D
D
D
Pohara Marae Design Extent <VALUE> <VALUE> 0- -44 Extent <VALUE>0Design 10º <VALUE> 0 - 4 4- -10º 01- -16º 416º 4 - 10º 1 416 - -10º 16 -54º 54º 1 - 16º - 16º 16 -154º 16 - 54º 1:10,000 Sourced from the LINZ Data Service and licensed for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand licence
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Water Accumulation
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Due to the soil types present throughout the landscape, this environment is susceptible to a higher level of erosion across open grass fields and higher angled slopes. This map gives an indication of how rain water moves across the landscape throughout the various gullies, collecting to form different category streams within the surrounding landscape
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Slop
Slope Angle
D
Pohara Marae
D
Flow
D
Value
Design Extent
Slope Angle
FlowAcc_Flow1 D Pohara Marae Design Extent Value
FlowAcc_Flow1 High : 14665 Value
High : 14665
Low : 0 Low : 0
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1:10,000 Sourced from the LINZ Data Service and licensed for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand licence
Water Direction With the Waikato river, such a large body of water moving across the landscape, the source comes from various gullies within the landscape that act as small catchments. Like the one that flows behind Pohara marae, they are categorized to show how many bodies of water flow through any particular stream with the Waikato river given a category of 7. This shows that any action taken across the surrounding landscape all falls into a single location.
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Soil’s
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Soils in the area vary depending on the morphology of the surrounding land. A lot of erosion has taken place, mostly due to Waikato River. This has caused the deposotion of smaller particles in lower elevations. Higher elevations have a large composition of lava flow and harder rock types such as grewacke, yet still have a blanket of fertile land (softer soils). This is mostly due to the lahar depsotis from Taupo, caused by Mt Taupo eruption.
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In particular, Undifferentiated- clays, sands, silts and tephra lay in the flood plain alluviums at edges and surrounding the Waikato River. This provides soft soil types and conditions for vegetation to grow well as the water is easily drained. It was mentioned by the iwi that there is little flooding in the area, except for when the dam was blocked. On site visit it was clear there was a larger amount of fertile soil due the ‘touch’. A number of areas had soft, gritty-like textured rock faces which had been exposed. On some of the larger hills it was clear that some of the rock layers had water movement that carved out deep valleys.
Slop
D
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Slope Angle Slope Slope Angle Angle
Site Location D Pohara Marae Location D Site Slope Angle Design Extent Design Design Extent Extent Site Location D Ash older than Taupo Ash older than Taupo Strength of Insolation
Value
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Design Extent ignimbrite, other ‘hard’ volcanic rocks Pumice/Lavas, Pumice/Lavas, ignimbrite, other ‘hard’ volcanic rocks Ash older than Taupo 1639 Pumice Pumice 1178 Pumice/Lavas, ignimbrite, other ‘hard’ volcanic rocks Pumice/Lahar Deposits Pumice/Lahar Deposits 722 Pumice Pumice/Lavas, ignimbrite, other ‘hard’ volcanic rocks 267 Pumice/Lavas, ignimbrite, other ‘hard’ volcanic rocks Pumice/Lahar UnconsolidatedDeposits to consolidated clays, silts, sands, tephra Unconsolidated to consolidated clays, silts, sands, tephra Pumice/Lavas, ‘hard’ volcanic rocks Undifferentiatedignimbrite, floodplain other alluvium Undifferentiated floodplain alluvium Unconsolidated to consolidated clays, silts, sands, tephra Undifferentiated floodplain alluvium
1:10,000 Sourced from the LINZ Data Service and licensed for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand licence
Arable Land
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For Pohara marae, the land is highly arable due to the meandering path of the Waikato river. This creates an environment suitable for live stock grazing, seasonal crops and short-rotational crops. 1 - Land with virtually no limitations for arable use and suitable for cultivated crops, pasture or forestry
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2 - Land with slight limitations for arable use and suitable for cultivated crops, pasture or forestry
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3 - Land with moderate limitations for arable use, but suitable for cultivated crops, pasture or forestry 6 - Non-arable land with moderate limitations for use under perennial vegetation such as pasture or forest 7- Non-arable land with severe limitations to use under perennial vegetation such as pasture or forest
Slope Angle
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Site Location D Slope Angle
SlopeDesign Angle Extent
D D
Pohara Marae Site 1 Location Design Extent Design Extent 2
Strength of Insolation 1 3 Value 42
1639
3 5 1178 722 4
6
267
5 7 6 8 7 8
1:10,000 Sourced from the LINZ Data Service and licensed for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand licence
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Summer Solstice
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The summer solstice is represented as the longest day of the year on December 22nd. This showcases the day in which there is the longest amount of hours present across the landscape. This can be used to help identify the most suitable locations for:
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- Orchards Fruit development is partly influenced through how much full sun a tree receives throughout a single day, this affects not just the quality of fruit but the amount produced off a single tree. - Solar Panels The more sunlight that strikes the surface of a solar panel creates a higher output of electrical energy during this time of year when the amount of light available is at its peak
Slope Angle
Slo
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The higher the Insolation level the more sunlight shines across the landscape.
D
Pohara Marae
SlopeAngle Angle Design Slope
Str
D
Valu
Extent
Pohara Marae Pohara Marae D D Strength of Insolation Design Extent Design Extent
Value
Strength Insolation Strengthofof Insolation Value
Value6033
6033
5301
5301
6033
5301 4577 4577 3853 3853
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4577 3853 1:10,000 Sourced from the LINZ Data Service and licensed for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand licence
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Winter Solstice
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The winter solstice is represented as the shortest day of the year on June 21st. This showcases the day in which there is the least amount of hours present across the landscape. This can be used to help identify the most suitable locations for:
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- Orchards Fruit development is partly influenced through how much full sun a tree receives throughout a single day. Citrus trees will require the maximum amount of sunlight during this time of the year.
Slo
- Solar Panels The more sunlight that strikes the surface of a solar panel creates a higher output of electrical energy during this time of year when the amount of light available is limited.
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Slope Angle
- Papakainga Housing The more warmth an individual house receives throughout a single day, sees less electrical energy consumed for heating. Pohara Marae
D
Stre
D
Valu
The higher the Insolation level the more sunlight shines across Design Extent Slope Angle the landscape.
Slope Angle
Pohara Marae D D Strength of Insolation Pohara Marae
Design Extent Design Extent
Strength ValueofofInsolation Strength Insolation Value
Value6033
1639 5301 4577 1178 3853
722 267
1639 1178 722 267
1:10,000 Sourced from the LINZ Data Service and licensed for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand licence
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View Shaft Locations This type of landscape that contains such a large variation in slopes throughout the landscape provides an opportunity to observe a larger context of the surrounding environment from a single location. This can create a situation where Ngﾄ》i Korokﾄｫ Kahukura can form a stronger bond with their marae and surrounding area. Three locations along the cliff tops had been identified as potential locations for a viewing platform. Markers on each map show locations that all overlook the lower surrounding landscape.
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Papakainga Extenstion Two types of housing have been looked at to fill the needs of livable space within the papakainga housing -The first is to accommodate more permanent iwi members within papakainga. 10 x 14m single story housing units have been suggested. The second is to provide a more temporal accommodation for iwi members who are staying for a period longer than a few days but shorter than a month, this leaves the sleeping house free for quests that stay for only a few days. The reason this type of housing has been suggested is to accommodate iwi members that wish to help around the marae. -Seasonal work e.g. fruit picking where a higher work load occurs that the current amount of residents cannot handle effectively. - An influx of iwi members for special events that the sleeping house cannot fully accommodate. The suggested size is 3x3m units (9sqm) as this type of unit doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t require consent. Units can be built with a floor space of up to 10 sqm that donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t require consent.
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TE ARANGA Māori Design Principles The key objective of these principles is to enhance the protection, reinstatement, development and articulation of Mana Whenua cultural landscapes enabling all of us (Mana Whenua, Mataawaka, Tauiwi And Manuhiri) to connect to and deepen our ‘sense of place’. These principles seek to foster and guide both culturally appropriate design processes and design responses that enhance the appreciation of the natural, landscape and built environment. Rangatiratanga: The right to exercise authority and self determination within ones own iwi / hapū realm. Kaitiakitanga: managing and conserving the environment as part of a reciprocal relationship, based on the Māori world view that we as humans are part of the natural world. Manaakitanga: the ethic of holistic hospitality whereby mana whenua have inherited obligations to be the best hosts they can be. Wairuatanga: the immutable spiritual connection between people and their environments. Kotahitanga: unity, cohesion and collaboration. Whanaungatanga: a relationship through shared experiences and working together which provides people with a sense of belonging. Mātauranga: Māori / mana whenua knowledge and understanding.
http://www.aucklanddesignmanual.co.nz/design-thinking/maori-design/te_aranga_principles#/ design-thinking/maori-design/te_aranga_principles/guidance/about/introduction
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Whakataukī Ma Te Kōrero Ka Mōhio Ma Te Mōhio Ka Mārama Ma Te Mārama Ka Mātau Ma Te Mātau Ka Ora Ai Tātou Through discussion comes awareness Through awareness comes understanding Through understanding comes wisdom Through wisdom comes wellbeing for all
Applied Hauora Concept Looking at how this concept can be applied successfully to Pohara marae and its surrounding environment sees this type of model broken down into its four elements and how it can be applied successfully.
- Taha Tinana (physical): Economic well-being Using the natural features of the landscape to influence suitable placement for livestock, flax, agricultural crops, orchards and education towards harvestation of existing pine nuts - Taha Hinengaro (mental & emotional): Hydrological well-being The revitalization of existing waterways through riparian planting, restoring a once thriving eco-system. This will restore an environment favorable for the treasured eel
- Taha Whanau (social): Ecological well-being Re-vegetation of surrounding hillsides, providing bank stabilization and reducing sedimentation into the stream and Waikato River. This action will influence an increase in biodiversity within the local environment.
- Taha Wairua (spiritual): Cultural well-being Looking at the essence of the landscape and using the value of views over the landscape to influence placement of a viewing platform atop the surrounding cliffs and a line of sight that runs parallel with the meeting house and point of welcoming.
The next 4 pages will illustrate the various applications of these 4 elements within the landscape providing various outcomes that form the strongest relationship to the natural characters of the existing landscape.
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Taha Tinana: Economic Well-Being An indication for the long term goal of having a diversified type of economy for the marae to form a sustainable future that doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t solely rely on dairy and the small pockets of short-rotational crops currently occupying the surrounding landscape.
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Flax - Weaving holds significant cultural importance and has the opportunity to provide a yearly income that doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t succumb to seasonality. Orchards - A mixture of deciduous and evergreen fruit trees that can provide a sustainable income that fluctuates with different fruiting seasons but also acting as an alternative food source. Agriculture - Short-rotational crops used to provide an ongoing income that can be received up to 4 times a year while also providing an alternative food source for the marae Live Stock -Dairy farming is already present across the landscape, other forms of farming can be introduced to prevent sole reliance on diary. Deer and sheep farming are popular forms of farming that can provide an alternate income source. This also presents an opportunity for an Slope alternative food source to keep costs down but is also less damaging to the environment Angle compared to dairy. Pohara Marae
D
Design Extent
Strength of Insolation Value
6033 5301 4577 3853
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Taha Hinengaro: Hydrological Well-Being An indication for the long term goal of wishing to preserve their Spring (Puna) and the waterway that follows. The existing waterway is shown with a 15m buffer zone bordering it, this gives an indication of the estimated extent to which riparian planting will be suggested to preserve and enhance the already damaged waterway.
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Taha Whanau: Ecological Well-Being An indication for the long term goal of wanting to re-vegetate the surrounding area to preserve and enhance the declining eco-system throughout the landscape. Landforms that have an angle of 10ยบ of more have been suggested for re-vegetation as they have a direct connection to the surrounding waterways. This extent will provide not only stabilization for the surrounding slope, aiding in water filtration and reduction of sedimentation for the Waikato river but also significantly increase the biodiviserity of the area.
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Taha Wairua: Cultural Well-Being Ngﾄ》i Korokﾄｫ Kahukura hold a strong relationship with the land, so hold strong values in their ability to see across the landscape. A connection between the formal entrance and meeting house was formed with a single line that has been extended beyond to form a line of sight across the site. The location for the view point out of the three analyzed is suggested as it provides the clearest visible range across the landscape and runs along side the line of sight that has been formed. An extension to the existing Papakainga housing has been expressed by Ngﾄ》i Korokﾄｫ Kahukura to accommodate for more permanent iwi members in the marae. Two possible locations have been looked at taking into account the amount of sun that is received, accessibility and protection from the eliminates. Both Permanent housing and temporal housing is suggested.
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Master Plan
1
2 3 4
9 5
A 8
B 6
7
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1 - Area re-vegetated with various native plants (Pg 30) 2 - Papakainga housing extension 3 - Grazing areas for live stock 4 - Agriculture (short-rotational crops) 5 - Kauri trees representing line of sight across the landscape 6 - Buffer zone of 15-20m representing riparian planting (Pg 31) 7 - Orchard with a mixture of citrus and stone fruit (Pg 32 8 - Viewing platform/3 walking tracks formed to run with the natural contours of the landscape connecting the various elements together 9 - Large flax plantation Cross sections A & B see page 29
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Cross Sections Re-vegetated area
Walking Track
Viewing Platform Walking Track
A
Perimeter Fence Grazing Field Walking Track
Pine Nuts Plantation
Riparian Planting
B Orchard
Walking Track
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Suggested Plants for Re-Vegetated Area The planting suggestions are broken down into two categories to indicate staged planting; Primary and Secondary growth. Suggested plants can be local sourced. More Information is available from http://www.naturespace.org.nz/sites/default/files/u4/Native%2520Forest%2520Restoration.pdf Primary Growth Primary succession is when plants colonize bare ground or an exposed environment Comman Name
Botanical Name
Secondary Growth Secondary successions occur on soil that built up under earlier vegetation. This should be achieved after a 5 - 7 year growth period after primary growth Comman Name Botanical Name
cabbage tree/ ti kouka
Cordyline australis
hinau Elaeocarpus dentatus
five-finger
Pseudopanax arboreus
horoe ka, lancewood
Pseudopanax crassifolius
hangehange
Geniostoma rupestre var. ligustrifolium
kahikatea
Dacrycarpus dacrydioides
lacebark/houhere
Hoheria populnea
kanono
Coprosma grandifolia
kanuka
Kunzea ericoides
kauri
Agathis australis
karaka
Corynocarpus laevigatus
kohekohe
Dysoxylum spectabile
karamu
Coprosma robusta or C. lucida
miro Prumnopitys ferruginea
koromiko
Hebe stricta
nikau
Rhopalostylis sapida
kowhai
Sophora microphylla, Sophora chathamica
pigeonwood
Hedycarya arborea
mamangi
Coprosma arborea
pukatea
Laurelia novae-zelandiae
manuka
Leptospermum scoparium
rata Metrosideros robusta
matipo/mapou
Myrsine australis
rimu Dacrydium cupressinum
rewarewa Knightia excelsa
taraire Beilschmiedia tarairi
whau Entelea arborescens
tawa Beilschmiedia tawa
whiteywood/mahoe
Melicytus ramiflorus
titoki
puriri
Vitex lucens
totara Podocarpus totara or P. hallii
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Alectryon excelsus
Suggest Planting for Riparian Area The planting suggestions will be broken down into three categories; Emergent, Saturated and Moist. Suggested plants can be local sourced. More Information is available from https://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/41420/Chp_10_Revegetation_2012.pdf Emergent - Shallow water usually 5 cm – 1 m deep. - Plants are partially submerged with leaves, stems and flowering parts partially or entirely out of the water. - Emergent plants are generally installed as plants. When planted, they need to have a portion of their leaves or stems above the water surface or they will drown. - If seeded, the seed should be placed either on a mud flat or at the water’s edge.
Saturated - Soils are saturated most of the year with water levels averaging –5 cm to +5 cm, i.e. at or near the ground surface. - Plants will tolerate periodic flooding and dry down periods. - ‘Saturated’ species can be established as plants or seeds and grow well at the water’s edge.
Moist - Moist soils are saturated seasonally with flooding in winter, or after periods of heavy rain, and dry-down in summer. - Species can be established as plants or seed.
Comman Name
Botanical Name
Comman Name
Botanical Name
Comman Name
Botanical Name
jointed twig rush
Baumea articulata
baumea
Baumea arthrophylla
kahikatea
Dacrycarpus dacrydioides
kuawa
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontanii
baumea
Baumea rubiginosa
karamu
Coprosma robusta
kuta, tall spike sedge Eleocharis sphacelata
cabbage tree, ti kouka
Cordyline australis
manuka
Leptospermum scoparium
marsh clubrush
Bolboschoenus fluviatilis
harakeke, NZ flax
Phormium tenax
pokaka
Elaeocarpus hookerianus
raupo
Typha orientalis
mingimingi
Coprosma propinqua
pukatea
Laurelia novae-zelandiae
pakihi sedge
Baumea teretifolia
toetoe
Cortaderia toetoe C. richardii
pukio
Carex virgata
wheki
Dicksonia squarrosa
purei/pukio
Carex secta
red tussock
Chionochloa rubra
swamp coprosma
Coprosma tenuicaulis
waiwaka, swamp maire
Syzygium maire
wire rush
Empodisma minus
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Suggested Fruit Trees for Orchard The planting suggestions of the 590 trees have been broken down into fruit types that can be established on site. A larger list of fruit trees and their varieties can be accessed through http://www.waimeanurseries.co.nz/our-products/fruit-trees/ Deciduous suggestions Plum
Apricot
Peach
Apple
Nectarine
Pear
- Billington
- Katy Cot
- Golden Queen
- Gala
- Early Red II
- Doyenne Du Comice
- Black Doris
- Tomcot
- Coconut Ice
- Braeburn
- Goldmine
- Taylors Gold
- Purple King
- Trevatt
- Snow Grace
- Royal Gala
- Mabel
- Williams Bon Chretien
- Hawera
- Royal Rosa
- Red Haven
- Peasgood Nonsuch
- Snow Queen
- Conference
- Satsuma
- Garden Annie
- Paragon
- Ariane
- Red Gold
- Beurre Bosc
Evergreen suggestions Citrus
Avocado
Feijoa
- Lemon (Yen Ben/Meyer
- Hass
- Apollo
- Lime (Tahitian)
- Reed
- Kakapo
- Orange (Seville/Navelina)
- Triumph
- Grapefruit (Golden Star/Star Ruby
- Unquie
- Mandarin (Satsuma/Encore)
- Kaiteri
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