University of Arizona Roadmap to Carbon + Water Neutrality by University of Arizona, School of Architecture

UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA Roadmap to Carbon + Water Neutrality

College of Architecture, Planning and Landscape Architecture

Graduate + Fifth Year Option Design Studio

Table of Contents

Principles

Who We Are

Educational Travel

The University of Arizona Sustainability Asset Map

Precedents

University Campus Master Planning

Definitions & Calculations

Road Map to Neutrality

106

Five Fundamental Design Concepts

The Design Team

Colorado

Campus Assets Defined and Diagrammed

Campus Carbon and Water Breakdown

Student Proposed Campus Implementations to reach Net Zero Carbon and Water Use

Reference Index Citations

224

1 Design Principles To create unity of intent between the carbon and water neutrality road maps, five guiding principles were created based on campus site analysis and precedent research. These principles offer a founding philosophy for the University of Arizona to achieve carbon and water neutrality. Each implementation in the road map is associated with one of these five principles to link actions with overall, guiding vision. Although the list is not exhaustive, the most important ideas are elevated. These five principles represent the tone of the studentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; common concern for the university and collective vision for its future as a carbon and water neutral campus.

Spirited Optimism Principled and Practical Action Transformative Thinking Responsible Risk Taking Organizational Effectiveness

De si g n Pr in c ip le 1 6

Spirited Optimism

De si g n Pr in c ip le 2 8

Principled & Practical Action

De si g n Pr in c ip le 3 10

Transformative Thinking

De si g n Pr in c ip le 4 12

Responsible Risk Taking

De si g n Pr in c ip le 5 14

Organizational Effectiveness

Principles Summary 16

Design Principle 1 | Spirited

Optimism

Partnering We, as a collective team at the University of Arizona, can approach campus sustainability with optimism. We have a beautiful and historic campus that has immense potential to be a leader in taking on the challenge of climate action and sustainability with strongly coordinated efforts. Students, faculty, administrators, and staff can all positively contribute in small daily action and large pivotal policy. Carbon examples: Carbon Centered Decision Making Policy v1.0, Net Zero New Construction Policy v1.0, Maximized Building Efficiency, Renewable Energy Expansion, Campus Carbon Tax Policy v1.0 Water examples: New Construction Water Efficiency Policy v1.0, Drought Tolerant Planting Policy v1.0, Campus Water Tax Policy v1.0, Water Centered Decision Making Policy v1.0

Design Principle 2 | Principled

and Practical Action

Partnering and Synergy The task of addressing climate change on our campus through carbon and water action is one that is principled and practical. We believe large preventative action is better than many small fixes. Doing good for our world can mean doing good for our campusâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s short, mid, and long term financial health. Carbon examples: D evelop Offsets. Water examples: Active Storm-water Retention & On-site Infiltration, Maximized Building Water Efficiency, and Expand Rainwater Catchment. Design Principle 3 | Transformative

Thinking

Engagement and Innovation We, at the University of Arizona, transform society through our teaching, research, and participation in our local, regional, and global community. A sustainable campus means transforming thinking in all our areas of influence. We can create signature, high-quality educational experiences, gain distinction as a university that is invested in taking climate action and sustainability seriously in our research and on our campus, align our programs and activities with community needs, and better our operations to serve a contemporary univer sity mission. Carbon examples: Educated Behavior Change and Discouragement of Fossil Fuel Intensive Transportation. Water examples: Educated Behavior Change an d Passive Storm-water Retention + On-site Infiltration.

Responsible Risk Taking | Design Principle 4 Innovating The word â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;riskâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; has negative connotations that invoke an idea of danger. We, as a research-one university, see this word in our mandate. We can take responsible risks that promise rewards to campus performance, environmental stewardship, and social betterment while meeting the mission of the university. Carbon examples: Deep De-Carbonization of Campus Energy and Resiliency Expansion. Water examples: University of Arizona Water Hub and Resiliency Expansion.

Organizational Effectiveness | Design Principle 5 Partnering and Synergy At the University of Arizona, we can ensure responsible stewardship of resources by committing to creating practices, processes, and organizational and physical infrastructures that are effective, efficient, and transparent in operation. Carbon examples: Data Driven Energy Management and Support Carbon Neutral Transportation. Water examples: Data Driven Water Man agement

2 Who We Are The studio charges students with the creation of a road map for UA campus to reach net zero carbon and water by 2050. Strategies paired with actionable items will be outlined to guide implementation at the milestones of 2020 (short range), 2035 (mid range), and 2050 (long range). Energy and water use intensity profiles for the campus will be projected based on current data. Energy and water budget for the campus will be built by projecting occupancy usage and referencing similar existing building profiles.

The College of Architecture, Planning & Landscape Architecture Design Team Professional Partnerships

College of Architecture, Planning & Landscape Architecture 20

ABOUT College of Architecture, Planning and Landscape Architecture, the nationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s leader in sustainable design and planning for arid regions. CAPLA embodies the oldest design and planning programs in the state of Arizona. CAPLA faculty work at the forefront of sustainability and regenerative development, specifically, alternative energy, water conservation, landscape ecology, climate change adaptation, affordable housing, and heritage preservation. Our alumni are recognized internationally for modern desert architecture, landscape architecture, and urban and regional planning and design comprising what is known as the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Arizona School.â&#x20AC;? 1 The School of Architecture is devoted to professional education with a sensibility honed in the edge conditions of an extreme climate on a major international border. Located in the oldest continuously-inhabited city in the United States, the School combines a culturally rich past with cutting-edge environmental research in its place-based design approach to the arid environment. 1

School of Architecture 21

SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN PEDAGOGY The University of Arizona School of Architecture is the first in the country to implement a sustainability pedagogy protocol across its entire studio curriculum for the Bachelor of Architecture degree. The sustainability focus areas complement an already robust studio curriculum with sensitivity and attention to these concepts. The focus areas include Environs, Water, Energy, Matter, Wellness, and Culturation, which will be combined into studio stream teaching through synergistic coupling. The emergence of the focus areas was a result of literature reviews of sustainability rubrics and academic publications in conjunction with living practitioner and faculty expertise advising.2

Design Team COURTNEY CROSSON design studio professor

Courtney is a licensed architect and Assistant Professor of Practice at the University of Arizona School of Architecture focused on realizing regenerative water and energy designs. Her work has spanned many scales and locations including Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America.

TAI AN design studio student Tai believes that the natural resources problem has become serious. Architects should take on the obligation to help people rearrange their live in a healthier way, in which people will benefit from the environment rather than artificial technology. Responding to our society, architects can educate people by using their own language.

KATIE COONEY design studio student Katie believes that as a graduate architecture student it’s a great opportunity to be able to influence the future development of the UA campus.The ability to direct the University towards sustainable solutions among the existing architecture and infrastructure of the campus is very important.

JESSICA CUADRA design studio student Jessica chose this option studio because she is interested in improving her knowledge upon how to implement sustainable strategies in Architecture on multiple scales. Her interests in Architecture currently include installations and ephemeral works as well as the overall concept of graphic communication instilled within the practice of Architecture.

GENG LI design studio student Geng believes that sustainability is always playing an important role in modern architecture. Architects are responsible to balance the relationship between human comfort and nature. After school, he wants to travel while keeping to learn different cultures of architecture.

WEICHENG RUI design studio student Design is a process and a method to meet people’s requirements. Sustainability as a significant element of design becoming more and more important, which can balance the relationship between nature and built environment. As an architect, it’s my responsibility to use sustainable strategies in my designs.

JULIANNA SORRELL design studio student Master Planning and Sustainability have become increasingly interesting to Julianna throughout her architectural education. She believes there has never been a more critical time to stress the importance of implementing these design approaches and decisions in relation to the issues we, the human race, are facing on a global scale today.

BRISA SOTO design studio student Brisa wanted a different challenge in her education by widening her knowledge in master planning and sustainable design. She believes that as future architects it is our responsibility to design buildings and spaces that improve our quality of living and our environment.

ELIZABETH VICKERMAN design studio student Elizabeth is currently on exchange in Arizona from the University of Liverpool, whose in her last year of her Masters in Architecture. She believes that at the growing rate of drought and unsustainable living, this studio is a good educational opportunity to directly impact future policy and bring knowledge into the profession.

PEITONG ZHANG design studio student In the development of an urban city, sustainability design is more than the way to reduce negative impact to the environment. The reason why Peitong chose this option studio is the willing to explore the method of relationship between net zero building and more comfortable user experience.

YELIN ZHONG design studio student Yelin believes design is a process to figure out what you are interested in and how can it approach the proposal. Sustainability in architecture is the capacity to endure. Minimized inputs turns into minimized outputs. Zero waste, zero landfill, and zero incineration makes the city more sustainable.

RUBIN ZHOU design studio student Rubin believes that sustainability is a comprehensive topic to combine natural environment with human, and making the right decision into the design. After graduation, he wants to practice and challenge further his knowledge of sustainable design.

Professional Partnerships ROB BENNETT Ceo, EcoDistricts

Rob is the founding CEO of EcoDistricts. He is a recognized leader in the sustainable cities movement with nearly 20 years of experience shaping municipal sustainable development projects and policy at the intersection of city planning, real estate development, economic development and environmental policy.

BEN CHAMPION UA Director, Office of Sustainability The Office of Sustainability facilitates the UA’s efforts to support a vibrant and sustainable desert southwest by bridging relationships across campus and partnering with southern Arizona community organizations.

ERIC COREY FREED Director of Community Outreach, EcoDistricts As the EcoDistricts Chief Community Officer, Eric engages and connects people to the important work they do through partnerships, sponsorships and thought-leadership. Through his 25 years of experience, Eric has worn several hats that enable him to leverage his vast network of contacts.

DANA DIXON Associate, Ayer Saint Gross Ayer Saint Gross is the Comprehensive Campus Plan Consultants for the University of Arizona’s masterplan. Dana is a member of Society of College and University Planning (SCUP), U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) and Urban Land Institute (ULI).

PETER DOULEIN UA Associate Vice President, Planning Design & Construction The Assistant VP provides coordinated University and department leadership and guidance for campus real estate, space, planning, design and construction efforts. His goal is to proactively meet and exceed the physical campus needs of the University’s mission.

JESSICA HERSH-BALLERING Parking and Transportation Services Alternative Modes Program Coordinator at University of Arizona Parking and Transportation Services. She is interested in the intersection of public health and the built environment. She particularly enjoy working on programs and infrastructure planning that encourage and inspire safer biking and walking for transportation.

CHRIS KOPACH UA Assistant Vice President, Facilities Management Facilities Management are dedicated stewards of the University of Arizona’s physical environment and maintain the entire buildings on campus. They keep the campus the bright. 25

RODNEY MACKEY UA Associate Director, Planning Design & Construction Rodney has 40 years’ experience as an architect, design-builder and for the last 15 years as an Owner’s Representative for the University of Arizona. In his current position, he supports the University of Arizona in overall Campus Master Planning decisions.

GRANT MCCORMICK UA Campus Planner, Planning Design & Construction AS Enterprise GIS Manager, Grant develops and manages the Enterprise Geographic Information System (EGIS) and related applications. He is also the Campus Planner for the University of Arizona Planning, Design, and Construction department, and lecturer in the Soil, Water and Environmental Science department.

CORKY POSTER Principal Poster Frost Mirto Architecture Firm A full service Architecture and planning firm specializing in four primary work area. Historic preservation, community architecture, workforce housing, and urban planning.

BOB SMITH UA Vice President, Business Affairs Vice President for Business Affairs at the University of Arizona. He is a past president of Southern Arizona Institute of Architects and currently is a president of the National Associate of University Architects.

GIDEON SUSMAN Associate, BuroHappold Engineering Projects involve a combination of sustainable strategy development and design for all built environment scales, environmental accreditation, environmental regulation compliance, government funded research and product development.

3 Educational Travel A critical educational element included in the curriculum required students to embark on a research trip to Denver, Colorado. With the aim of gaining knowledge of aspiring attitudes and case studies. The mentality and policies witnessed will be implemented as ideas and the basis for U of Aâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s future sustainability plans. The studio trip included attendance at the EcoDistricts Summit, and the partaking of the Accredited Practitioner Training. The second half of the trip involved visits to Colorado State University and the National Renewable Energy Lab building.

EcoDistricts Summit EcoDistricts Accredited Practitioner Training Colorado State University Precedent Tour National Renewable Energy Laboratory Precedent Tour

Colorado State University

Fort Collins, Colorado

Denver International Airport 1 hour 15 min

46 minutes

1 hour 6 min

National Renewable Energy Lab

EcoDistrict Summit 2016 Denver Art Museum & History of Colorado Center

11th Avenue Hotel & Hostel

Golden, Colorado

From Tucson, Az

EcoDistricts Summit Denver, Colorado

Schedule Ecodistricts Summit Building Vibrancy from the Neighborhood Up September 13-16, 2016 29

Denver Art Museum History Colorado Center Denver, CO

Wednesday September 14, 2016 8:00 am - 9:00 am BREAKFAST 9:00 am - 9:30 am MORNING KEYNOTE 10:00 am - 11:30 pm STUDIO SESSIONS A 11:30 am - 12:45 pm LUNCH 12:45 pm - 2:15 pm STUDIO SESSIONS B 2:45 pm - 4:15 pm STUDIO SESSIONS C 4:45 pm - 5:15 pm CLOSING KEYNOTE 1

Morning Keynote Disrupting Urban Regeneration: From the

Neighborhood Up

ROB BENNETT 30

Rob Bennett

He is the Founding CEO of EcoDistricts, within his keynote he discussed challenges and issues in community. He also spoke about the development of EcoDistricts, and how it is now 3 years old

Session A Bottom Up Community Activation For District-Scale Success.

Millvale, Pennsylvania

ANNA ROSENBLUM

CHRISTINE MONDOR

Session Summary: Millvale, PA and Community Activation

ZAHEEN HUSSAIN

Using the Ecodistricts design, the community were looking at small efforts, quick & low cost. They were also dealing with flooding issues, and the stream running through town. Millvaleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s air quality is the 8th worst in US, which has connecting health problems. There is a corresponding decrease in population. They want to create green jobs via apprenticeships for the installation of solar energy. This was financed with the public, volunteering, and by the government with private partnerships.

Session B Water Infrastructure: Triumphs and Tears PETE MUNOZ

JOSH RADOFF

SCOTT BEVAN 31

Session Summary

What works (and what fails) to create sustainable water infrastructure? At the district level, energy is often considered easier to manage than water, in part because of complexity and quantity of existing water infrastructure. Each of four panelists briefly presented their insights on improving the integration of water strategies, addressing challenges in engineering, regulatory compliance, community support, and ecological function. A facilitated discussion followed.

Session C Tales From Across the Pond: Successful Urban Regeneration in Amsterdam and Sweden1

MATTHIJS BOUW

PAUL BYRON CRANE

Session Summary

This session examined two different approaches to successful neighborhood regeneration in Europe. Rosengard, Malmรถ, Sweden. They organized and led design workshops, redesigning the town center, creating a social space and climate action gardens working with Rosengard residents and the City of Malmรถ Environmental and Parks Departments. In the Netherlands, the pilot brown-field transformation of the Buiksloterham district of Amsterdam-Noord was intentionally organic; based on simple urban plans in which individuals and groups could build their own housing.

EcoDistricts Accredited Practioner Training Alliance Center, Denver, CO

An Overview of the Day

Thursday September 15, 2016 | 9 AM-4 PM

How to become an EcoDistricts Accredited Professional

Outcomes of the training • • •

Gain an understanding of the EcoDistricts Protocol. Gain the knowledge and expertise to facilitate the execution of EcoDistricts practically. Be fully prepare to take the accreditation exam. Attend Training

Learning Objectives • • • •

Grasp the EcoDistricts mission & approach to urban regeneration Understand the Protocol Know how to navigate the Protocol certification process Be able to access & utilize technical support resources during the certification process

Follow up Push Exam

The Big Idea • • • •

EcoDistricts wants to encourage communication and working together. They encourage inclusions, disagreements are an important process. Addressing the limitations of cities, encouraging the use of Brown field sites and thinking about how we are living beyond our means. Valuing neighborhood assets and how they have personalities.

AP Certificate

The Protocol Basics Who is the Protocol for?

The EcoDistricts Protocol

• • •

A process-based framework and certification standard that empowers equitable, resilient, sustainable neighborhoods and districts for all.

Government Civic Private

Five Key Attributes of the Protocol: 1. Builds support and align interests 2. Shapes project governance 3. Sets rigorous & meaningful targets 4. guides projects investments 5. Measures impact and rewards leadership

Phases of EcoDistricts Certification Imperatives Commitment

Formation

Required before pursuing any phase. Due Within 12 months

- Community Asset Map Formation ties into the

This is done online, and can be retroactive. Which they imagine will be common.

Prioritize Ecodistricts Criteria

Roadmap- Phase implicitly. Declara�on of Collabora�on

Roadmap Due Within 2 Years of Imperatives Commitment Endorsement

Performance Progress Report every 2 years Due Every 2 Years after

Certification

Certification is obtained upon completion of Road map.

Implementation and Imperatives of the Protocol Framework

Equity

Resilience

Climate Protection

Facilitating fair opportunities to everyone within the districts, taken into account vulnerable groups, i.e. youth, people of color, the homeless etc.

The districts are able to cope with stresses and shocks it encounters. An example of Stresses’ is traffic, domestic violence, whereas shocks are tornadoes, earthquakes, floods etc.

The Districts must address the issues of climate change and plan a pathway to carbon neutrality.

Priorities and Implementation PLACE

PROSPERITY

Engagement & Inclusion Culture & Identity Public Spaces Housing

Opportunity Access Economic Development Innovations

LIVE EXAMPLES Capitol Hill, Seattle, WA -Prioritized small business, inclusion and preservation of existing Architecture

Millvale, PA -Realistic growth, creating sustainable food businesses and growth

HEALTH + WELLBEING

CONNECTIVITY

Active Living Health Safety Food Systems

Street Network Mobility Digital Network

Sun Valley, Denver, CO -Replacement housing and healthy, locally grown food

Ottawa, Ontario, Canada -Not very far along.

LIVING INFRASTRUCTURE

RESOURCE RESTORATION

Natural Features Ecosystem Health Connection with Nature

Air Water Land

`Portland, Oregon -They do their own promotion -There will be no waste water -They are continuing to measure how they are doing.

Washington, DC -Addressing the threat of flooding

Formation

Road map

Performance

This is the beginning of the organizational stage, if done well this will lead to long-term success. A collective impact is formed to facilitate the qualities of an EcoDistricts and what your individual EcoDistrict requires.

This is the action plan set in place to achieve Priority goals, while integrating the imperative commitments set out. The funding & strategies to achieve goals must be included. As well as the baseline and future performance, this will help track the progression of the EcoDistrict.

The road map should be implemented with ongoing biennial progress reports, which should be continually improving. This is an opportunity to share experiences and knowledge.

Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado

Campus Map

Inspired by its land-grant heritage, CSU is committed to excellence, setting the standard for public research universities in teaching, research, service and extension for the benefit of the citizens of Colorado, the United States and the world.1

Laurel Street 37

Shields Street LEED Buildings

Solar Energy Buildings

1. Pinon Hall 2. The Pavilion 3. Alpine Hall 4. Durrell Center

1. Engineering Building 2. Academic Village 3. Braiden Hall 4. Parmelee Hall 5. Veterinary Teaching Hospital

6. Edwards Hall 7. Lake Street Parking Garage 8. University Center for the Arts 9. Behavioral Sciences 10. Student Recreation Center

Colorado State University Sustainability-related research in more than 90% of CSUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s departments.

More than

of CSU students register a bike to commute to campus.

primarily bike to campus

Christman Field

Biomass

Earth Flow Composter

Christman Field became one of the largest solar PV systems on a college campus when it was completed in December of 2009. Built in 2 phases, the system has both tracking and fixed tilt solar arrays.

Biomass is any biological material that can be used as fuel, such as wood chips, crop residues, and other low-grade wood wastes. Biomass fuel is burned or converted in systems to produce heat, and in some cases, both heat and electricity in a combined system.

Colorado State University is one of the nationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s leading research universities, with a special emphasis on groundbreaking research in clean energy technologies. The University is committed to reducing carbon emissions through sustainable practices, highlighted in its Climate Action Plan.

In an effort to improve the health of the forests surrounding Fort Collins, Colorado State University and the Colorado State Forest Service have teamed together to build a biomass heating plant on the Foothills Campus.

Housing & Dining Services has invested in a fully automated composting system called the Earth Flow. This enclosed, 30 yard capacity compost b in is located at the Foothills Campus. Pulp from Ramâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Horn and Braiden dining centers is composted in the Earth Flow. Finished compost is used in Landscaping projects on Campus.

LEED Certified Buildings

Durrell Center - LEED Gold

The Pavilion - LEED Platinum

The Durrell Center is a two-level complex located between Westfall and Durward Halls, consisting of the Durrell Dining Center and Durrell Express on the upper level, and a variety of multipurpose seminar rooms, classrooms, meeting spaces, and offices for programming, relaxing, and studying on the lower level.

The Pavilion provides programming, lounge, and meeting spaces for Laurel Village. The Pavilion received the University’s first ever platinum level LEED certification. Over 88% of the material from the deconstruction of the Lory Apartments was recycled, re-purposed, reused, or otherwise diverted from the landfill. The Pavilion features innovative energy-saving features including a katabatic tower.

Pinon Hall - LEED Gold

Alpine Hall - LEED Platinum

One of two brand new residence halls opened Fall 2014. Piñon Hall features a mix of community-style rooms and suite-style rooms with shared and private bathrooms. Close to Durrell Center, which offers a dining center, programming space, game room, and outdoor seating. Limited student parking available one block West; due to limited parking in the core of campus and CSU’s designation as a Bicycle-Friendly Campus, students are encouraged to bring a bike or longboard.

One of two brand new residence halls opened Fall 2014. Alpine Hall features a mix of community-style rooms and suite-style rooms with shared and private bathrooms. Close to Durrell Center, which offers a dining center, programming space, game room, and outdoor seating. Limited student parking available one block West; due to limited parking in the core of campus and CSU’s designation as a Bicycle-Friendly Campus, students are encouraged to bring a bike or longboard.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, Colorado

Energy Systems Mechanical System

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), located in Golden, Colorado, is the United Statesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; primary laboratory for renewable energy and energy efficiency research and development. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is a government-owned, contractor-operated facility, and is funded through the United States Department of Energy (DOE). This arrangement allows a private entity to operate the lab on behalf of the federal government under a prime contract. NREL receives funding from Congress to be applied toward research and development projects.1

Mechanical System Mechanical System

Shading 41 W Open Wind Shading W Open Wind

Solar Panel on Roof Solar Panel on Roof

Stormwate Stormwate

Solar Panel System

Window System Thermochromics east-facing windows reduce heat transfer when direct sun hit

2.5 MW of photovoltaics on RSF site, 857 kW on rooftop

Transpired solar collector on southern facade of building

Shading Window Open Window Shading Window Open Window

Mechanical System Mechanical System

External Water System incline incline

Louvered sunshine Permeable blocks high angle sum- Landscaping mer sunlight

Highly reflective interior Stormwater run-off Solar Panel on Roof point and workstation Solar Panel on Roof enhance daylight

Stormwater Run-off Stormwater Run-off

4 Sustainability Asset Map A series of maps were created to characterize the sustainability assets of the University of Arizona. Four categories were identified from which corresponding atlases were created: Culture + Place (education and green building), Infrastructure + Resilience (passive systems, active systems, renewables, and indoor water management), Connection + Logistics (bicycle and pedestrian, public transportation, and material resource management), and Nature + Health (green spaces and health and wellbeing).

Icon Guide Indicators Overview Historic Atlas 3.6

es mil

UA Agricultural Campus

Present Physical Atlas Future Atlas 6.6

mil es

Present Infrastructure and Resilience

.3 m

iles

San Xavier Co-op Farm

Fairfax Companies Landfill

5.5 mil

Present Connections and Logistics

ReCommunity Recycling Facility

Present Nature and Health Present Culture and Place

Indicators Icon Guide Water use intensity of each building in the net zero energy + water student success district. And University future goals for water management. Renewables

general info about renewables

Infrastructure + Resilience

Active Systems

general info about active systems

Indoor Water Systems Management

general info about indoor water systems management

Public Transportation

general info about public transportation

Connections + Logistics

Bicycle and Pedestrian

general info about bicycles and pedestrian

Waste Management

general info about waste management

Green Spaces

general info about green spaces

Nature + Health

Outdoor Water Systems Management

general info about outdoor water systems management

Health and Well-Being

general info about health

Green Buildings

general info about green buildings Culture + Place

Education

general info about education

Indicators Overview

Renewables

Past

Present

Future

Active Systems

Indoor Water Management

Public Transportation

Bicycle and Pedestrian

W M

In the beginning, campus relied solely on renewables such as passive heating and cooling as well as daylighting. With the introduction of mechanical systems however, the U of A began to stray from its original use of renewables.

Construction of the campus central plants began in 1951 followed by campus expansion in order to accommodate the medical campus. In 1988, the Comprehensive Campus Plan was created as an aid to focus on the development of infrastructure systems within campus. Later, in 2003, three central plant systems were created to accommodate chilled water production as well as an ice storage system. Finally, in 2009 the campus began to deal with issues such as storm water and minimizing above ground facilities and infrastructure.

Originally, the University of Arizona pulled the majority of its water from aquifers beneath the ground. In the 1950s, however, Arizona experienced an extreme drought, and quickly realized that this would no longer be a viable option. This laid the framework for the development of the Central Arizona Project, which was completed years later in 1973 after the U of A expanded and developed the medical campus. From this point, the university strove to pull water strictly from the CAP and aimed to use more reclaimed water.

When the university opened its doors in 1885, there were no cars and the main way of transportation was to walk or by horse. With the introduction of the automobile, parking quickly became an issue within the campus. In order to address this, the U of A implemented public transportation such as the Cat Tran and the street car.

The overall planning of the campus is clearly illustrated through its bike paths. Almost all existing paths are horizontal in nature, suggesting that the campus developed primarily in the East-West direction.

Recycling beca in the 1960s a student began recycle. Recycl in Tucson in th it was a major of Arizona as s plan. In 2009, i campus becam result, program recycle-mania promoted.

With the addition of green buildings and more reliance on renewables such as solar, the University of Arizona has taken steps towards being more sustainable and relying less on non-renewable resources.

Today, there are three central plants providing services and resources to south campus, central campus, and the medical campus. All plants include cooling towers and water chillers. The central heating and refrigeration plant also includes ice storage and steam. The campus also relies on energy that is generated within the central plants, as well as energy that is bought from Tucson Electric Power Company.

The University of Arizona mainly utilizes water from the Central Arizona Project as wells as reclaimed water. On the main campus there is 7 miles of copper pipe providing water to 190 buildings. The main campus also has 4 wells and 5 pumps and serves over 45,000 users. Similarly, the medical campus has 2 miles of copper pipe, 2 wells, and 2 pumps for 40 buildings.

The most common modes of transportation to campus today include walking, riding a bike, and either by car or public transportation. In order to take a more sustainable approach, the university has encourage the use of bikes and has even created a program to rent out bikes. They also continually push the Cat Tran and the street car.

The current transportation route on campus includes pavement, bike lanes, vehicle lanes, and streetcar tracks. Most bike lanes within campus are incorporated with vehicle lanes. Paths along the Student Union and Green Avenue, however, are restricted to only bike and pedestrian traffic. Seventy-five percent of the existing bike paths include little to no vegetation, making them uncomfortable and unengaging spaces.

Waste manage an integral ass has very strong city facilities a waste produce taken to off-sit

The university is approaching its future use of renewables by reducing green house gas emissions, mitigating exposure to volatile energy markets, reducing energy consumption from the grid, and reducing energy costs. Increasing the use of solar and green building throughout campus will help the university to reach its goals.

Over the years, the central plant relaying energy and resources to the central portion of campus has been a main factor. The introduction of natural gas lines has also proved to be a vital part of infrastructure development. The future vision of the campus holds ideas of expanding the natural gas lines as well as further developing the other two central plants within campus to meet the standards held by the central plants that powers the majority of campus.

The future water use at the U of A implies both small changes and large scale changes. Small changes such as water bottle re-use and xeriscape continued to be implemented throughout campus. The university also strives to eliminate once-through cooling as well as introduce more water harvesting and reclaimed water irrigation on a campus-wide level.

Public transportation within the campus could be improved by including more stops for the Cat Tran, as well as more shuttles. This would cut the wait time for the Tran, and make it a more viable option for students. Continuing to push sustainable practices such as walking and using or renting a bike will also prove to be beneficial.

Future development of the circulation on campus would include the addition of another restricted bike lane for pedestrian and bicycle traffic only. The overall goal would be to organize and combine flow of bike traffic into a major circulation artery in order to increase efficiency. Restricting vehicle flow on certain streets at certain times of the day will also help to alleviate congestion and add to the efficiency of circulation flow.

Increasing educ to recycling an is a main goal o Simple solution plastic bags on use of re-usabl paperless learn implemented in the amount of generated by t

cle and estrian

Waste Management

Green Spaces

Outdoor Water Management

Health and Well-Being

Green Buildings

Education

the campus is gh its bike ng paths are ggesting that primarily in the

Recycling became a focus of the U.S. in the 1960s and as a result of this, student began to push universities to recycle. Recycling made its big debut in Tucson in the late 80s, and by 2003 it was a major goal of the University of Arizona as set out by its master plan. In 2009, increasing recycling on campus became a main goal. As a result, programs such as recycle-mania were being heavily promoted.

At first, campus green space consisted of vines and a small cactus garden. With expansion came the creation of the U of A mall as well as the implementation of a California-style of landscaping that consisted of high-water use landscape such as palm trees and grass. In 2000, the university reverted back to using local plants adapted to the climate and created the Krutch Cactus Garden.

At first, storm water management was not a main concern of the university. Water was not harvested or re-directed in any way, and storm water would flow off of campus based on topography. Flooding was, and continues to be a main issue in regards to outdoor water management.

Originally, the main spaces dedicated to health and well-being on campus were the student union and the rec center. The U of A mall also played a large role, as it is a space for recreation and collaboration. The development of these spaces marked phase one in the universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s three part plan.

By 2003, there was only one building on campus that was considered to be green. This development continued, and slowly more and more green building were added to campus, many of them even being LEED certified.

At first, the U of A developed its campus with the intention of building for the climate and place it was in. Over the years this view shifted due to the introduction of mechanical systems, but the university is rededicating itself to this notion of sustainability in recent years. Because of this, sustainability has become more of a consideration that is embedded in the curriculum.

tion route on ment, bike lanes, tcar tracks. campus are le lanes. Paths n and Green stricted to only fic. the existing to no m uncomfortaces.

Waste management continues to be an integral asset on campus. It also has very strong ties and relations to city facilities and management, as the waste produced on campus must be taken to off-site facilities.

Today, campus open space is made up of a network of malls, corridors, plazas, greens, and courtyards. Most spaces strive to invoke some sort of stimulating and calming environment within an educational setting. Green spaces also imply a sense of social interaction, as many sporting events and organized event utilize open and green space.

Over the years, the expansion and development of the campus has greatly impacted the flow of storm water and runoff. The expansion of the medical campus as wells as the changes made to McKale Center alter the original flow of water.

Today, the campus can be broken up into different districts based on how health and well-being are accommodated. The zones include a future development district, a low health and well-being district, a high health and well-being district, a middle district, and a recreation district.

Currently, there are eight green buildings on campus. Some of these include the ILC, ENR2, and the Student Rec Center. These buildings are beneficial not only economically, but also environmentally. Most utilize sustainable and passive systems to supplement the basic functions of the buildings.

Today, the university provides over 112 majors that deal with issues of sustainability. These opportunities are spread throughout campus, making the education and involvement in sustainability a campus-wide endeavor. Students live and learn in a campus environment that emphasizes the importance of sustainability within their futures careers and lives.

the circulation de the addition ke lane for traffic only. be to organize ke traffic into ery in order to stricting streets at y will also help and add to ation flow.

Increasing education and awareness to recycling and waste management is a main goal of the university. Simple solutions such as banning plastic bags on campus, requiring the use of re-usable water bottles, and paperless learning can also be implemented in order to cut down on the amount of waste that is generated by the campus as a whole.

Issues of shading and solar heat gain will continue to be addressed through the use of green space and landscaping. Native plants as well as plants that can be sustained by the universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s irrigation system will continue to be planted and implemented throughout campus.

Looking forward, the universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s main goal in regards to storm water is water harvesting and collection. Both surface and underground water catchments will aid in collecting storm water. These would be located in major areas of runoff within the campus.

The future development district, which includes the medical campus and northern campus, could benefit from more development in the way of health and well-being. The addition of a recreation center, food services, and development of open spaces could greatly transform this portion of campus.

A well planned infrastructure design with sustainable building methods is crucial for the efficiency of sustainable practices campus-wide. Design guidelines established by the University of Arizona should be followed for every new building on campus. In order for the expansion of green buildings on campus the following years master plans should make sustainable buildings a top priority.

The main focus of the university in regards to eduction in the future is reaching out more and more to the community. Connections with local school districts, local businesses, community gardens, and social organizations will help to further education in sustainability and related issues.

Historic Atlas

Past

The Universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s density in both square footage and student population has shown a steady growth historically, with a steep incline in the more recent years. By looking at the past, the future of campus growth can be more easily projected and understood in a way that includes issues of sustainability.

1885

1930s

1950s

When the university first opened, Old Main was the only building on campus. There was little growth and more traditional building techniques were used.

All historic buildings were established. Most buildings made use of passive systems and expansion was slow.

The University continued to slowly expand and more mechanical active systems were being implemented.

45 Thousands of Students 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 32 Students 26,786 GSF 45

dents

,772 Stu

nts

1 6,227 - 1

e 06 Stud

2,9 2,164 -

608,934 GSF

1,646,296 GSF

1960s

1970s

In the 1960s, the University received a land grant which allowed for more expansion. This was partially due to the fast-growing student population.

The U of A expanded its campus to include a medical campus on the north side. Student population growth results in expansion.

ts tuden

52 Students 12,518 - 24,8

S 9,634 2 1 26,02

2000s

The university starts to push issues of sustainability and ways to be â&#x20AC;&#x153;greenâ&#x20AC;? as the campus continues to grow.

34,326 - 42,236 Students

14,160,561 GSF

6,862,658 GSF 4,514,300 GSF

18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4

34,326 - 42,236 Students

Historic Atlas

Past

Looking forward, it is important to distinguish which buildings are historically significant and hold importance to the University of Arizonaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s history. When looking at sustainability, the remodeling or retro-fitting of a building can be beneficial and far less costly than generating new buildings. The age and significance of buildings, however, has an important impact on this process.

1885 1930s

Renew

Act

1950s

Indoor Water M

1960s

Public Transp

1970s

Bicycle and Pe

Waste Manag

2000s

b Pu

Green Spa

n Tra lic

Bic

ycle an ed dP

M ste Wa

Outdoor Water Mana

ria

est

Gre

o tdo

Did You Know? The University of Arizona has an entire district dedicated to historic buildings.

UA Historic District The University of Arizona Campus Historic District is a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Tucson, Arizona. It consists of the historic core of the University of Arizona and extends to East Second Street, North Cherry Avenue, E. Fourth Street, and Park Avenue. The district was created on June 13, 1986.

Historic Building Stock This district is made up of the following 20 historic buildings: Gila Hall Maricopa Hall Yuma Hall Mines and Engineering Building Old Main Berger Memorial Fountain Humanities Building Science Hall University Library Library and Museum Building Centennial Hall Arizona Sate Museum Cochise Hall Arizona Hall Herring Hall Agriculture Building Administration Building Chemistry-Physics Building Steward Observatory Rock Wall

Physical Atlas Present Infrastructure + Resilience The University of Arizona maintains an underground network of over 9 miles of copper pipe. These pipelines feed water to over 200 building from 2 central plants. 52

Infrastructure + Resilience

Connections + Logistics

Connections + Logistics Public transportation throughout the campus consists of the Cat Tran and the street car. Bikes are also popular amongst students, resulting in easily accessible and heavily used bike paths around campus.

Renewables Renewables Active Systems Active Systems Indoor Water Management Indoor Water Management

Public Transportation Public Transportation Bicycle and Pedestrian Bicycle and Pedestrian

Waste Management

Green Spaces Green Spaces

Outdoor Water Management Outdoor Water Management Health and Well Being Health and Well Being Green Buildings

Nature + Health Green spaces throughout the university is defined by vast open green areas as wells as courtyards and plazas. The mall remains the main green space asset within the campus.

Green Buildings

Education Education

Nature + Health

Culture + Place

Culture + Place The University offers many majors relating to sustainability and has invested in many LEED buildings. U of A is currently finding more ways to reach out to the community in order to further these ideas of sustainability.

Renewables

Active Systems

Indoor Water Management

Public Transportation

Bicycle and Pedestrian

Waste Management

Green Spaces

Outdoor Water Management

Bicycle and Pedestrian

Waste Management

Green Spaces

Outdoor Water Management

Health and Well Being

Green Buildings

Education

Present Campus Assets

ewables

Renewable

ctive Systems

Active Systems

Management

Indoor Water Management

sportation

Public Transportation

edestrian

Bicycle and Pedestrian

agement

Waste Management

paces

Green Spaces

nagement

Outdoor Water Management

d Well Being

Health and Well-Being

Buildings

Green Buildings

ducation

Renewables

Active Systems

Indoor Water Management

Education

Public Transportation

Bicycle and Pedestrian

Waste Management

Green Spaces

Outdoor Water Management

Infrastructure and Resilience

Gas Line Chilled Water

Present

Arizona Health Science Center Input Output

Purchased power HP gas and LP gas Electricity Chilled water

Central Refrigeration Building Input Output

Purchased power Chilled water

Central Heating Refrigeration Plant Input

Purchased power HP gas and LP gas Output Electricity Chilled water

McClelland Hall Type Photovolatic Number 1472 Kyocera KD215GX-LP modules

Second St. Garage Type Photovoltaic Number 1168 Kyocera KD210GX-LP modules

McClelland Park Type Photovoltaic Number 352 Kyocera KD215GX-LP modules

Hillenbrand Diving Facility Type Solar thermal Number 50 Solar Skies Model SS-40 glazed flat plate collectors

Student Recreation Center Type Solar thermal and Photovoltaic Number 50 Solar Skies Model SS-40 glazed flat plate collectors 120 Kyocera KD210GX-LP modules

Did You Know? The University of Arizona has three energy plants directly on the campus. UA Energy & Power Plants Arizona Health Science Center Central Refrigeration Building Central Heating Refrigeration Plant Did You Know? The University of Arizona has eight Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design certified buildings on the campus. LEED Building Stock Environment & Natural Resources 2 Student Recreation Center Expansion Arbol de la vida Residence Hall Lihins Hall Lowell-Stevens Football Facility Old Main Renovation Health Science Education Building Bryant Bannister Tree Ring Building

Connections and Logistics

Present

3.6

es mil

UA Agricultural Campus

6.6

mil es

.3 m

iles

Fairfax Companies Landfill

San Xavier Co-op Farm

5.5 mil

ReCommunity Recycling Facility

Generic Waste Produced Generic Waste Produced

CatTran CatTran

Specialized Waste Management Specialized Waste Management Required Required

SunLink SunLink

Food Waste Produced Food Waste Produced

Bike Path Bike Path

On Campus Housing On Campus HousingShared Recycling Facilities

Parking Garage Parking Garage

Recycling Facilities Recycling Facilities

Did You Know? 1 in 4 bikes are being ridden on campus. Bike Bike lane mostly is oriented in a horizontal way. The vegetated area is extremely limited. It is not good news for riding and walking. The UofA Cat Wheels Bike Program, It is designed to provide a free bicycle loan system for The University of Arizona3

Did You Know? 1 out of 6 streetcar riders are students of the University of Arizona. 57

CatTran

All routes operate at varying frequencies. For most up to date shuttle tracking, download the University of Arizona app and use the Cat Tran tracker or go to arizona.edu website.

Did You Know? In just five years the University of Arizonaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Compost Cats have composted 10 million pounds of organic waste.

SunLink

The all-electric streetcars help reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The capacity of one streetcar vehicle is approximately 148 passengers. Riding the Sun Link will reduce trips by bus and personal vehicle, thus reducing congestion and pollution4.

Material Resource Management This asset deals essentially with Waste Material on Campus. The management of refuse within the Campus is categorized as non-recyclable and recyclable materials. The Waste Management department at the University handles the removal, re-use and recycling of waste on campus5.

Compost Cats has its roots in local businesses and organizations around Tucson. The crew partners with the City of Tucson to collect food waste and scrap from local business, the University of Arizona, and manure from the Reid Park Zoo. Tâ&#x20AC;&#x2039; he organic material is then taken to the San Xavier Cooperative Farm, where the waste is then laid out in windrows. From there, the Compost Cats water, turn, and nurture the piles until soil testing.

Nature and Health

Present

Runoff Direction

Courtyard Plaza

Field

Park Student Union

John and Doris Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences

Department of Hydrology and Water Resources

Arizona Student Unions

UA Mall

(known for its sports & science programs)

Outdoor Stormwater Systems Two buildings on campus have implemented Outdoor Stormwater. 1. John and Doris Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences 2. Department of Hydrology and Water Resources

59 Athletic Fields and Campus Stormwater Systems Three athletic fields have underground storage tanks and outdoor storm water management interventions. 1. Health Sciences Center Retention Basin on the East side of campus 2. Health Sciences Center Retention Basin on the West side of campus 3. McKale Center North Plaza

U of A Health Center

Campus Buildings Dedicated to Wellness Arizona Student Unions Building

Arizona Stadium

Park Student Union UA Health Center Arizona Stadium

UA Recreation Center

Culture and Place

Present

Renewables

Active Systems

Indoor Water Management

Public Transportation

Bicycle and Pedestrian

Waste Management

ycle

ian

t en

m ge na

estr

a Sp

ter Wa

Gre

tdo

Health and Well Being

ces

Ma t en

ll We

Gre

m ge na

alt He

Green Buildings

ing

ild

Bu s

tio uca Ed

Education

tio rta

ed dP

ste Wa

me ge

spo ran cT

te Sys ve

ter Wa

bli Pu

Bic

Outdoor Water Management

les

b wa ne

ti Ac

o Ind

N Green Spaces

Did You Know?

Green Buildings

University

Agriculture and Life Sciences Architecture, Planning, & Landscape Architecture Education Eller College of Management Engineering Fine Arts Humanities Letters, Arts, & Sciences Medicine Nursing Public Health Science Social and Behavior Sciences

Education

2 out of 5 faculty members are engaged in Sustainable Research.

Did You Know?

LEED Certified

Every 1 in 10 campus buildings reflect â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;greenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; designs.

Built Sustainable

Did You Know?

Environment & Natural Resources 2 Student Recreation Center Expansion Arbol de la Vida Resident Hall Green Buildings Likins Hall Lowell-Stevens Football Facility Bryant Bannister Tree Ring Building Old Main Renovation

Education

Integrated Learning Center Architecture, Planning, & Landscape Architecture McClelland Hall Green Buildings Second Street Parking Garage McClelland Park Hillandbrand Diving Center Villa Del Puente Residence Hall Posada San Pedro Residence Hall Education

Sustainable Design Green Buildings

Education

Poetry Center Meinel Optical Sciences Gittings

3.7 out of 10 students are enrolled in a Sustainability related major.

Future Atlas Sustainable Future Renewables

Active Systems

62 Management r Water

blic Transportation

Renewables More reliance on solar energy Active Systems More reliance on passive systems

Indoor Water Systems Using harvested water

Public Transportation Taking the CatTran, making public transportation more of an asset

le and Pedestrian

Bicycle and Pedestrian Limit use of cars, more bikes on campus

ste Management

Waste Management Make recycling easy, more awareness

Green Spaces

Green Spaces Maintain and improve green spaces

ater Management

ealth and Well Being

Green Buildings

Education

Outdoor Water Systems Water Harvesting Health and Well-Being Maintain green spaces, provide

Green Buildings Increase the amount of green buildings

Education Increase awareness, offer more courses geared towards sustainability

5 Campus Precedents Carbon Action Plan

The strategies and goals used to mitigate overall CO2 emissions through alternative energy production and reduced high-carbon energy use and demand to be achieved within a given future timeline.

Water Action Plan

The strategies and goals used to conserve water, increase water use efficiency, and reduce the demand for water to be achieved within a given future timeline.

Carbon

Water

Colorado State University

California Institute of Technology

Cornell Tech

Arizona State University

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

University of California - Berkeley

Rice University

University of California - Los Angeles

Stanford University

University of California - San Diego

California Institute of Technology

Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado

Establishment Date

Campus Emission Scope 20142 1. Scope 1

| 30%

66,402 Mtons CO2e

1870

2. Scope 2

| 51%

113,905 Mtons CO2e

Student Population

3. Scope 3

| 19%

42,441 Mtons CO2e

Total Enrollment 32,236

Campus Size

Main Campus: 583 acres Veterinary Teaching Hospital: 101 acres Foothills Campus: 1,438 acres Agriculture Campus: 1,575 acres Building Count: 297 Total Area: 10,618,090 sq ft.

Campus Mission Inspired by its land-grant heritage, Colorado State University is committed to excellence, setting the standard for public research universities in teaching, research, service and extension for the benefit of the citizens of Colorado, the United States and the world.

Energy Types Greenhouse Gas Electricity Renewables

CSU’s GHG Footprint 20123 Scope 1

Scope 2

4 23

1 1. Natural Gas

Scope 3

| 24%

2. Transportation | 2% 3. Agriculture

| 2%

4. Refrigerants

| 1%

1. Electricity

| 53%

Carbon Neutrality Action Plan

1. Solid Waste

| 1%

2. Commuting

| 10%

3. Air Travel

| 10%

On 2008, Colorado State University (CSU) announced its intent to “seek environmental solutions that include making CSU carbon neutral in a rapid timeframe.” The Climate Action Plan establishes a series of shortterm, medium-term and long-term strategies for reduction and mitigation of CSU’s net greenhouse gas emissions. There goal is to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 with a 75% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. 4

Cornell Tech Campus Roosevelt Island, New York, New York

Campus Emission Scope 20146

Establishment Date

1. Scope 1

| 73%

165,166 Mtons CO2e

2. Scope 2

| 8%

17,497 Mtons CO2e

3. Scope 3

| 19%

41,987 Mtons CO2e

2012

Proposed Population Students, Staff, Professionals, with Some Residential

2500

Campus Size

3 2 1

Building Count (2017): Open Space (2017) Total Area (2017)

4 108,900 sq ft. 650,000 sq ft.

Building Space (2043) Total Area (2043)

2,000,000 sq ft. 522,720 sq ft.

Campus Mission To create a new model for Graduate Education. As a school aiming to produce the next generation of technologists, the school’s physical surrounding must match the vision. It is a model for innovation. The campus is aiming to be Zero net energy.

Technology Utilized within the New Construction

Energy Type Solar Energy via Photovoltaics. Renewable Materials, building orientation, geothermal heating and cooling systems, high-performance building envelops. Use of daylighting to reduce energy use, natural ventilation , efficient light systems.

The Bridge - LEED Silver standard - Photovoltaic canopy - Glazed facade allows natural daylight and visual connection to the river

Cornell Tech Residential Building - World’s first residential high-rise building at Passive House Standards - Thermally insulated metal facade - Louver system on southwest facade. The ‘gills’ house the ventilation system.

The Bloomberg Center -LEED Platinum certificate -Aspires to be one of the largest Net-zero building in the United States -Geothermal heating and cooling system

Historical Restrictions Roosevelt Island is a brand new enterprise, and does not have a historical campus to contend with. The campus is currently located in the Chelsea neighborhood of New York. 7

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts

Campus Emission Scope 20159

Establishment Date

1. Scope 1

| 78%

156,816 Mtons CO2e

2. Scope 2

| 18%

36,494 Mtons CO2e

Student Population

3. Scope 3

| 4%

7,710 Mtons CO2e

2015 Total Enrollment: 11,331 Undergraduates: 40% Graduate: 60%

1861

Campus Size

Buildings: 190 Total Area: 13 million sq. ft. Academic Area: 7.9 million sq. ft. Residence Area: 2.9 million sq. ft.

Campus Mission The mission of MIT is to advance knowledge and educate students in science, technology, and other areas of scholarship th at will best serve the nation and the world in the 21st century.

The Institute is committed to generating, disseminating, and preserving knowledge, and to working with others to bring this knowledge to bear on the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s great challenges.

<1 <2 % Ve h % Ve icles hic les

Sources of MIT Campus Greenhouse Gas Emissions, FY201410

98% Buildings

MIT | Office of Sustainability

66% Natural Gas

Building emissions by fuel source

20% Electricity 6% Oil #6

4% Oil #2

2% <2% Leased Fugitive <1% Vehicles

Type of Carbon Used MITâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Cogeneration Plant: Cogeneration is a highly efficient process that uses one fuel to generate two types of energy, electrical, and thermal. Cogeneration reduces the overall fuel consumed in the process. MIT has produces their own power through cogeneration using a natural gas turbine. There has been an upgrade to the cogeneration system by enabling the campus to function even when the electric grid is not available. MIT generates steam using natural gas boilers. MIT is also researching renewable energy and developing renewable, carbon-free technologies required to realize a sustainable future energy system. 11

Rice University Houston, Texas

Establishment Date

Campus Emission Scope 201513

1. Scope 1

| 26%

26,567 Mtons CO2e

2. Scope 2

| 64%

69,651 Mtons CO2e

Student Population

3. Scope 3

| 10%

10,225 Mtons CO2e

Total:

1912

6,623

Campus Size

Building Count: 50 Houston: 295 acres Address: 6100 S Main, Houston, TX 77005

Campus Mission

Rice University is going to develop an integrated climate and energy master plan that provides guidance on future energy investment and decisions that will impact the Universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s carbon footprint. The integrated strategy taken includes the purchase, production, distribution, and use of energy for the whole campus .

Energy Types Scenario 3 & 4 Charts14

4 3

56 1 2

1. Natural Gas 2. Purchased Electricity Service 3. GP & RECE 4. Utility Plant 5. DSM &Plant Efficiency 6. Steam Plant Interconnection

4. Utility Plant

| 27.24% | 31.43% | 0.76% | 30.02%

5. DSM &Plant Efficiency

| 4.24%

6. Steam Plant Interconnection

| 6.31%

1. Natural Gas 2. Purchased Electricity Service 3. GP & RECE

| 25.51% | 40.22% | 2.67% | 21.35% | 4.12% | 6.14%

56 1 3 2

Heating + Cooling Natural Gas Electricity

RICEMaP In 2012, Rice University worked with a engineering and design firm to explore the possibility of a high energy performance and efficiency campus system. Then they came up with the RICEMaP. This plan is specific to Rice in helping Rice to be a net-zero carbon campus. The main part of the report is 4 scenarios which lead 4 different way to net-zero. After all, Scenario 3 & 4 are selected to be the choices in helping Rice to get a giant improvement towards net-zero campus. 15

Stanford University Palo Alto, California

Establishment Date

Campus Emission Scope 201517 1. Scope 1

| 69%

184,552 Mtons CO2e

2. Scope 2

| 8%

213,973 Mtons CO2e

3. Scope 3

| 23%

64,517 Mtons CO2e

1891

Student Population Undergraduates: Graduates: Total:

6,994 9,128 16,122

Campus Size

Area (acres) : 8,180 Governmental Jurisdictions: Building Number:

6 700

Campus Mission

To promote the public welfare by exercising an influence in behalf of humanity and civilization, teaching the blessings of liberty regulated by law, and inculcating love and reverence for the great principles of government as derived from the inalienable rights of man to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

Energy Types

Scope 1

Scope 2

2 1

Heating + Cooling Greenhouse Gas Electricity Renewable

Scope 3

Carbon Neutrality Action Plan

1. CEF (SU)

| 84.1%

1. Non-CEF Electricity

| 12.5%

1. Business Air Travel

2. CEF (SHC)

| 15.9%

2. Non-CEF Natural

| 62.5%

2. Driving Commuters

3. Owned Vehicles

| 12.5%

4. De Minimis

| 12.5%

In 2015, Standford University announced its Energy and Climate Plan, which commits to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 68 percent and portable water consumption by 15 47.8% percent from 2014 levels. Their plan is broken 52.2% down into three different categories: Energy Conservation in Existing Buildings, Energy Efficiency in New Buildings, and Energy Supply. 18

California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

Campus Emission Scope 201320

Establishment Date21

1. Scope 1

| 58%

48,637 Mtons CO2e

2. Scope 2

| 20%

16,771 Mtons CO2e

Campus Population 21

3. Scope 3

| 22%

18,448 Mtons CO2e

Undergraduate: 1,001 Graduate: Total Student Population: Employees:

1891

1,254 2,255 3,900

Campus Size 21 Gross Building: Total Area:

3,907,208 sq ft. 123 acres

Mission 22 The California Institute of Technology (Caltech) is committed to minimizing its impact on the environment through energy efficient operations, while carrying out its mission to expand human knowledge and benefit society through research integrated with education.

Emission Consumption 2012 21 Total Consumption :

2009

2010

2011

2013

Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Projects24

2015

2017

2019

20 40 60 80 100 120 00 00 00 00 00 00

Annual MTCO2e Reduction

2012 2012

Completed and Ongoing

2013 2013

2014 2014

2015 2015

2017 2017

Anticipated and Proposed

2019 2019

0 0 0

2011 2011

10 0 per 30 20 Return ($)40Annual MTCO2e Reduction

2010 2010

On-site Combined Energy and Power:

73%

On-site Fuel Cell:

13%

Utility Grid: 12% 0 0 0 0 40 30 20 10 0

2009 2009

117,000 MWh

On-site Solar PV:

Carbon Target 20 33% reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from that of the 1990 emissions by 2020.

Water Target 23 â&#x20AC;&#x153;Caltech intends to do everything it can to minimize its impacts on regional water supplies through a series of water conservation and water efficiency projects across the campus. The campus is also transitioning landscaping to drought tolerant and climate adapted species.â&#x20AC;?

Reducing Water Footprint How has Caltech conserved water? From 2006-2014, Caltech cut its water use Pasadena homes in a year

Goals and Strategies25 Goals: The Facilities Department will be responsibly steward water resources by focusing on efficiency, cultivating climate adapted landscape, minimizing potable water use, and maximizing use of reclaimed water.

Strategies: 路 Campus water action plan 路 Turf reduction program 路 Laboratory water conservation 路 Central and satellite plan optimization

2006

38%

335 Million Gallons

208 Million Gallons

2014

38%, as much as 850

850+ Pasadena Households

Constructed 9 LEED certified buildings

Invested $17.6 Million in energy efficiency

Replaced over 130 fixtures

Installed a smart irrigation system

Replaced 6 acres of turf

30% more water efficient than code

and optimization, cutting water used to produce energy and cool buildings

with highly efficient toilets and urinals

that monitors weather and soil to water only when necessary

with climate adapted and native species

How Can You Help?25 Report and fix leaks promptly (x4717, ppservice@caltech.edu) Be conscious in the labs (Rinses, single pass cooling) Wait until you have a full load to wash lab equipment or laundry Turn up your thermostat a few degrees on hot days Talk to your peers about engaging in the campus water dialogue Turn off the faucet when brushing your teeth or shaving

Irrigation 11%

Building Domestic 36%

Utility Plants 53%

Irrigate once per week (Winter) Limit watering in large turf areas Protect trees with dedicated irrigation 48% system

Drain 23% fountains Fill remaining fountains with recycled condensate Improve water meter network Install athletic pool covers

Enhance plant chemistry Treat and reuse industrial water Upgrade chilled water loop Replace research 3% water generators

Heating 6,000,000 Gallons

Campus Water Usage Types 201526 1. Central Plant

| 103,621,254 Gallons

2. Building

| 70,384,248 Gallons

3. Irrigation

| 21,506,298 Gallons

Research Water 15,000,000 Gallons

Blowdown 21,000,000 Gallons

3 2

Grey Water Treatment System27

Evaporation 62,000,000 Gallons

potable water

central plant

lavatory

laundry

available greywater

showers

kitchen sinks

food service

toilets/ urinals

wastewater greywater treatment

irrigation

Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona

Establishment Date

Campus Water Usage Types 201529 1. Building

| 278,070,000 Gallons

4. Lab

| 188,370,000 Gallons

2. Residential

| 143,520,000 Gallons

5. Irrigation

| 161,460,000 Gallons

3. Central Plant

| 107,640,000 Gallons

6. Other

| 17,940,000 Gallons

Student Population Undergraduate: Graduate: Total:

66,809 16,492 83,301

Campus Size Area Tempe: Polytechnic: West: Downtown Phoenix: Building Count:

1885

81 631.6 acres 612.99 acres 277.92 acres 27.57 acres 1,041

Campus Mission Water Management System30 Fresh Water Fill

Fresh Water Tank

Tank Drain

City water Water

Water

Sink

Shower

To create an environment of sustainable operations and practices that aligns with and supports Arizona State Universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s education, research and student life programs, seeking to minimize the institutionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s negative impact on the planet, while maximizing the positive impact on the world and its inhabitants, and establishing ASU as the model for others to follow.

Toilet

Goal

Grey Water Tank

Black Water Tank Pump Valves

To reduce water consumption by 50 percent and eliminate 100 percent of campus water effluent by 2020. 30

University of California Berkeley Berkeley, California

Establishment Date

Campus Water Usage Types 201532 1. Building

| 165,780,000 Gallons

4. Lab

| 165,780,000 Gallons

2. Residential

| 153,500,000 Gallons

5. Irrigation

| 49,120,000 Gallons

3. Central Plant

| 73,680,000 Gallons

6. Other

| 6,140,000 Gallons

March 23, 1868

Student Population Undergraduates: Graduates: Total:

Campus Size Total Area Core

1,232 acres 178 acres

83 Campus Mission

Infrastructure Map33

27,496 10,708 38,204

These principles of community for the University of California, Berkeley, are rooted in our mission of teaching, research and public service. They reflect our passion for critical inquiry, debate, discovery and innovation, and our deep commitment to contributing to a better world. Every member of the UC Berkeley community has a role in sustaining a safe, caring and humane environment in which these values can thrive.

Water Action Plan

Central Plant Water Collection System

The Capital Renewal Committee (CRC) plans to allocate annual funding for high-priority projects that are needed to reach the potable water reduction goal. As part of the process to identify projects on campus that will ensure the long-term viability and function of campus physical assets, the CRC will fund water conservation projects either as stand-alone opportunities or as supplements to other projects in buildings where water conservation opportunities exist. 34&35

University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles, California

Establishment Date

Campus Water Usage Types 201537 1. Imported Water

| 473,290,000 Gallons

3. Los Angeles Aqueduct

| 44,650,000 Gallons

2. Local Water

| 339,340,000 Gallons

4. Local Recycled Water

| 35,720,000 Gallons

1991

Student Population Undergraduate: Graduate: Total:

29,585 12,323 41,908

Campus Size Area

419 acres

Campus Mission The mission of the UCLA Sustainability Committee is to create a culture of sustainability at UCLA in which the entire UCLA community is aware of, engaged in, and committed to advancing sustainability through education, research, operations, and community service activities.

Satellite Wastewater Treatment Plant38

Recycled Water

Sustainable Goal

Kitchen Biological

Disinfection

Shower

Toilet

Fine Screening

Membrane Filtration

UCLAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s water conservation efforts have reduced annual water use by over 70 million gallons since 2000, bringing us about half way to our 2020 target. Their comprehensive approach to water conservation includes water recycling, high efficiency fixtures such as ultralow flow urinals, drought tolerant landscaping, and smart climatologically-based irrigation and drip irrigation. 38

University of California San Diego San Diego, California

Establishment Date

Campus Water Usage Types 201540 1. Residential

| 198,000,000 Gallons

4. Lab

| 108,000,000 Gallons

2. Commercial

| 66,000,000 Gallons

5. Irrigation

| 66,000,000 Gallons

3. Central Plant

| 150,000,000 Gallons

6. Other

| 12,000,000 Gallons

November 18, 1960

Student Population Undergraduate: Graduate: Total:

5 6

26,590 7,145 33,735

Campus Size

Area: Building Count:

2,141 acres 61

87 Campus Mission

UCSD has developed a Water Action Plan (WAP) in order to identity all strategies the university will use to reduce the use of potable water, develop an education and outreach program, and create goals to exceed the 20% reduction goal already put into place by the state of California.

UCSD Water Saving41 < 10,000 gallons / year

Water Types Fixture and Plumbing

Low

Water Savings

Xeriscape 10,000 - 1,000,000 gallons / year

Meduim

Seawater Air Conditioning Water Harvesting // Bioretention

>1,000,000 gallons / year

High

Expand Reclaimed and Stormwater Sytems

Indoor Potable, Outdoor Potable, Outdoor Reclaimed, Storm water. UCSD relies heavily on the Colorado River for its water. The main supply is pulled from Lake Havasu via a 242 mile long aqueduct. UCSD also imports water from Northern California utilizing a 444 mile long aqueduct. These two sources supply 80-90% of the Universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s water supply. UCSD receives only about 12 inches of rain a year and lies in a dry climate. The drought is a main concern for the city of San Diego as well as the campus. 40

6 Definitions & Calculations Baselines for annual carbon and water use for the UA campus were set with existing data. The increase in population of UA campus was charted for the miles stones: 2020, 2035, and 2050. Next, corresponding carbon and water annual use was projected for those milestones under a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;business as usualâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; operating assumption. Current opportunities for carbon and water use reduction were identified by analyzing usage types and potential offsets, like photovoltaic and rainwater collection.

Carbon & Water Neutrality Definition Population Growth Study & Future Population Projection Campus Baseline Data Analysis & Comparison Carbon Emission Per Capita & Projection Campus Baseline Data Analysis & Comparison Water Sources Per Capita & Projection Rainfall Data Analysis & Projection

Definitions Carbon & Water Neutrality Carbon Neutrality Carbon Neutrality means that the University of Arizona will reach a state where, on an annual basis, it will remove as much carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as it emits into the atmosphere. Carbon neutrality encompasses all three measurable carbon emissions: scope 1, 2, and 3. When this state is accomplished, the campus will have a net zero carbon footprint. Conservation measures, improved efficiencies, transportation management, renewable energy, and offsets are all pieces to achieving the goal.

Water Neutrality Water Neutrality means that the University of Arizona will reach a state where the total amount of potable water used on campus will equal to the amount of potable water created on campus, without impacting the environment. One hundred percent of storm water must also be managed within the campus boundary. Rain water collection and treatment and sustainably managed wells are possible sources. On site water capture and reuse, increasing permeability of the ground plane, and landscapes designed for storm water management water are all potential sinks.

Population Projection Calculation By analyzing the population of the University of Arizona from 2009, 2010, 2012 and 2015, we were able to find the increasing percentage between every year period and use this to project future population increase.

2009 Population 35,743

Calculations: From 2009 to 2010, we can find that the annual increasing percentage is the following: (8,076 / 35,743) - 1 * 100% = 6.527%

Percentage Increase +6.527% 92

2010 Population 38,076 Percentage Increase +5.878% 2012 Population

To find the average annual increasing ratio from 2012 to 2015, we need to set it as x and use the following equation: 40,314 (x+13) = 42,388

If the increasing percentage from 2010 to 2012 is x, the following formula can be used to calculate the percentage:

40,314 (x+1) (x+1) (x +1)= 42,388

38,076 (x + 1)2= 40,314

40,314 (x3 +3x2 +3x + 1)=42,388

38,076 (x2 + 2x + 1) = 40,314

40,314x3 + 120,942x2 +120,942-2,074 =0

40,314 (x + 2x +x +x +2x +1)= 42,388

38,076x2 + 76,152x + 38,076 - 40,314 = 0 38,076x2 = 2,238 - 76,152x

Using Shengjin Formula:

x = 0.029

A=b2 -3ac=0

2.90%

40,314

B=bc-9ad= 1,537,946,849 C=c2 -3bd= 1,537,946,849=B B2 -4AC=B2 > 0

Percentage Increase +5.145% 2015 Population 42,388

This annual average percentage means that in 2011, the population is: 38,076 (1 + 2.897%) = 39,179

a=40,314

39,179 (1 + 2.897%) = 40,314

c=120,942

d=-2074

According to Shengjin Formula: x=

At 2012 the population is:

b=120,942

1.687%

The average annual increase ration between the years 2012 to 2015 is 1.687% for each year.

Population Future Population Projections The numbers of average annual increasing ratio between 2009-2010, 2010-2012 and 2012-2015 are 6.527%, 2.897% and 1.687%. We can see that the population growth is slowly increasing. Therefore, we might conclude that in the future, the average annual increasing ratio will never reach the former 5 years. The ratio will remain reducing every year and the population growing. Convex Increasing Function: According to the discrepancy between 2009 - 2010 and 2010 - 2012, the population growth was decelerating during these two periods. 60,000

48,076

50,000

49,891

51,525

53,041

54,477

55,847

45,979 42,388

40,000

30,000

38,076

35,743

2009

2010

2015

2020

2025

2030

2035

2040

2045

2050

Considering the period we need to divide from 2015 to 2050, we think that the number 0.14 should minus 0.03 for first decade, 0.02 for next decade, and 0.01 for the rest years to reach a continually smooth growth, which seems more logical and reasonable. Year

AAIR

Coefficiency Discrepancy

Decreasing

Total Population

2009

6.527%

35,743

2010

2.897%

x 0. 44

38,076

2015

1.687%

x 0. 58

+ 0.14

42,388

2020

1.164%

x 0. 69

+ 0.11

-0.03

45,979

2025

0.896%

x 0. 77

+ 0.08

-0.03

48,076

2030

0.744%

x 0. 83

+ 0.06

-0.02

49,891

2035

0.647%

x 0. 87

+ 0.04

-0.02

51,525

2040

0.582%

x 0. 90

+ 0.03

-0.01

53,041

2045

0.536%

x 0. 92

+ 0.02

-0.01

54, 477

2050

0.498%

x 0. 93

+ 0.01

-0.01

55,847

Calculations: In order to predict how the population will grow in the future we need to find the relationship among the coefficiency of the average annual increasing ratio.

2009:

35,743 * (1 + 6.527%)

2010:

38,076 * (1 +2.897%)2

2012:

40,314 * (1 +1.687%)3

2015:

42,388

6.527% *0. 44 2.897% *0.58 1.687%

0.58- 0.44

0.14

Carbon Calculation Past Baseline and Current Baseline

3&4&5&6

Campus past and current baseline of carbon emission in scope 1, 2, and 3.

Scope 1

Scope 2

(Metric tons of CO2e)

Scope 3

(Metric tons of CO2e)

0 ,00 80 0 ,00 70 0 ,00 60 0 ,00 50 0 ,00 40 0 ,00 30 0 ,00 20 0 ,00 10

00 0,0 12 00 0,0 10 0 ,00 80 0 ,00 60 0

,00 40

0 0,0

,00 20

,00 80

,00 60

,00 40

,00 20

2010 94

2012

2015

Gross Emission 1+2

Gross Emission 1+2+3

(Metric tons of CO2e/Capita)

8.0

7.0

6.0 5.0

4.0 3.0

2.0

1.0

8.0

7.0

6.0 5.0

4.0 3.0

2.0

1.0

5.0

4.0

2015

3.0

2012

2.0

1.0

2010

Net Emission

(Metric tons of CO2e/Capita)

2010 Baseline3&4&5&6

2015 Baseline3&4&5&6

CAMPUS EMISSIONS SCOPE Scope 1 | 33.6%

Scope 2 | 41.7%

1 2

CAMPUS EMISSIONS SCOPE Scope 1 | 34.5% Scope 2 | 39.9%

Scope 3 | 24.7%

Scope 3 | 25.6%

Total Scope 1 Emissions

85,179 metric tons of CO2e

80,268 metric tons of CO2e

Total Scope 2 Emissions

105,861 metric tons of CO2e

92,837 metric tons of CO2e

Total Scope 3 Emissions

62,849 metric tons of CO2e

59,392 metric tons of CO2e

2010 SUMMARY STATISTICS

Total Emissions

Per Full Time Enrollment

Per 1000 Sq.Ft.

Gross Emissions (Scopes 1+2)

191,040 metric tons CO2e

5.0 metric tons CO2e

20.7 metric tons CO2e

Gross Emissions (Scopes 1+2+3)

253,889 metric tons CO2e

6.7 metric tons CO2e

27.5 metric tons CO2e

Net Emissions

253,723 metric tons CO2e

6.7 metric tons CO2e

27.4 metric tons CO2e

2015 SUMMARY STATISTICS

Total Emissions

Per Full Time Enrollment

Per 1000 Sq.Ft.

Gross Emissions (Scopes 1+2)

173,105 metric tons of CO2e

4.1 metric tons of CO2e

11.8 metric tons of CO2e

Gross Emissions (Scopes 1+2+3)

232,497 metric tons of CO2e

5.5 metric tons of CO2e

15.8 metric tons of CO2e

Net Emissions

232,296 metric tons of CO2e

5.5 metric tons of CO2e

15.8 metric tons of CO2e

Carbon Projections Short (2020), Mid (2035), Long (2050) Term The per capita projections for scope 1+2 and 3 were calculated by using the average of the total per capita uses from the years given within Second Nature Reporting System data sets (2009, 2010, 2013, and 2015). Average Annual Increasing Ratio

Carbon Projected Emissions Scopes

Example : 2009-2010

Scope 1 + 2 | 74.4%

38,076 (x + 1)2= 40,314

Scope 3

| 25.6%

38,076 (x2 + 2x + 1) = 40,314 38,076x2 + 76,152x + 38,076 - 40,314 = 0 96

1+2

38,076x2 = 2,238 - 76,152x x = 0.029 =

2.90%

Per Capita Projections 2009 Scope 1+2

Carbon Emission Projection 2010

2035

2050

45,979

51,525

55,847

Emissions Per Capita x 4.64

x 4.64

2015

4.91 + 5.02 + 4.54

+ 4.08

Population

= 18.55/4 = 4.64 emissions per capita Scope 3

2020

2013

2.10 + 1.65 + 1.24

+ 1.40 = 6.39/4

= 1.60 emissions per capita

Scope 1+2 (mTons)

213,283 239,010 259,058

Population

45,979

51,525

55,847

Emissions Per Capita x 1.60

x 1.60

Scope 3 (mTons)

82,293

89,196

73,435

Carbon Emissions Projections 348,255

350,000 321,304

Metric tons of CO2e

300,000

286,719 259,059

250,000

239,010 213,284

200,000

150000

100000 73,436

Total Emission

89,196

82,293

Scope 1+2 Scope 3

50000 2020

2035

2050

Years

2020

Total Emissions (MTONS)

Per Capita (MTONS)

2035

Total Emissions (MTONS)

Per Capita (MTONS)

2050

Total Emissions (MTONS)

Per Capita (MTONS)

Scope 1+2

213,263

1.60

Scope 1+2

239,010

1.60

Scope 1+2

259,058

1.60

Scope 3

73,435

4.64

Scope 3

82,293

4.64

Scope 3

89,196

4.64

Total

286,719

6.24

Total

321,303

6.24

Total

348,255

6.24

University of Arizona Past Baseline The calculations of total water usage of Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Academic, Irrigation, and Other

2005 Uses of Water Break Down (Gallons)7

5 3

Use of Water at UofA

Residential

Commercial

Industrial

Academic

Irrigation

Other

Use of Water (Gallons)

57,000,000

18,000,000

176,000,000

117,000,000

75,000,000

78,000,000

Percentage Use of Water

11%

34%

23%

14%

15%

University of Arizona Past Baseline The calculations of total water usage of Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Academic, Irrigation, and Other

2010 Uses of Water Break Down (Gallons)7

5 6 1

4 3

Use of Water at UofA

Residential

Commercial

Industrial

Academic

Irrigation

Other

Use of Water (Gallons)

76,000,000

37,000,000

215,000,000

136,000,000

75,000,000

2,000,000

Percentage Use of Water

14%

40%

25%

14%

Water Calculation Past Baseline and Current Baseline

7&8

Campus past and current baseline of water sources at the University of Arizona

Reclaimed Water

Tucson Water

(Gallons)

UofA Wells

(Gallons)

0 ,00 00 0,0 0 30 ,00 00 0,0 00 25 ,0 00 0,0 0 20 ,00 00 0,0 00 15 ,0 00 0,0 0 10 ,00 0 ,00 50

0 ,00 00 0,0 0 30 ,00 00 0,0 0 25 ,00 00 0,0 00 20 ,0 00 0,0 00 15 ,0 00 0,0 0 10 ,00 0 ,00 50

,00 00 0,0 10 00 0,0 ,00 80 00 0,0 ,00 60 00 0,0

,00 40

0 0,0

,00 20

2005 100

2010

2015

Reclaimed Water

Tucson Water

(Gallons/Capita)

00 8,0 00 7,0 00 6,0 00 5,0 00 4,0 00 3,0 00

2,0

1,0

00 8,0 00 7,0 00 6,0 00 5,0 00 4,0 00 3,0 00

2,0

1,0

00 25

00 15

2015

2010

0 50

2005

UofA Wells

(Gallons/Capita)

2005

2010

2005

2005 Baseline7&8

2010

2010 Baseline7&8

1 2

Amount of Reclaimed Water

Water Sources at the UofA Reclaimed Water

| 15.38%

Tucson Water

| 44.23%

UofA Wells

| 40.38%

Water Sources at the UofA

80,000,000 Gallons of Water

Reclaimed Water

| 12.82%

Tucson Water

| 42.74%

UofA Wells

| 44.44%

75,000,000 Gallons of Water

230,000,000 Gallons of Reclaimed Water Amount of Tucson Water Reclaimed Water Water 12.82% 15.38% Reclaimed Water Reclaimed Water 15.38% 210,000,000 Gallons of Tucson Water Water Amount Tucson Waterof UofA Wells 44.23% 42.74% Tucson Water 44.23% Tucson Water UA Wells UA Wells 44.44% 40.38% UA Wells UA Wells Population 40.38% 2005 SUMMARY STATISTICS Total Gallons

12.82% 42.74% 44.44%

250,000,000 Gallons of Water 260,000,000 Gallons of Water Water Sources (Gallons/Capita)

Amount of Reclaimed Water

80,000,000 Gallons

35,433

2257.78 Gallons/Capita

Amount of Tucson Water

230,000,000 Gallons

35,433

6491.12 Gallons/Capita

Amount of UofA Wells

210,000,000 Gallons

35,433

5926.68 Gallons/Capita

2010 SUMMARY STATISTICS

Total Gallons

Population

Amount of Reclaimed Water

75,000,000 Gallons

38,076

1969.74 Gallons/Capita

Amount of Tucson Water

250,000,000 Gallons

38,076

6565.82 Gallons/Capita

Amount of UofA Wells

260,000,000 Gallons

38,076

6528.45 Gallons/Capita

Water Sources (Gallons/Capita)

101

Water Projections Short (2020), Mid (2035), Long (2050) Term The water sources projections were calculated by using the average of the total per capita uses from the years given within 2010 Second Nature Reporting System data sets2005 (2005, 2010, and 2015). Population Increase Water Sources Increase

Water Projected Water Sources at the UofA

Amount of Reclaimed Water

1969.74 Gallons/Capita

Water Sources at the UofA

Amount of Tucson Water

6565.82 Gallons/Capita

Reclaimed Water| 12.82%

Amount of UofA Wells

6528.45 Gallons/Capita

Tucson Water

| 42.74%

UofA Wells

| 44.44%

1 3 2

102

2020

2035

1969.74 Gallons/Capita x 48,076 = 94,697,220 Gallons 6565.82 Gallons/Capita x 48,076 = 315,658,362 Gallons

Reclaimed Water x 48,07615.38% 6528. 45 Gallons/Capita = 328,284,562 Gallons

Reclaimed Water

12.82%

Tucson Water

44.23%

Tucson Water

42.74%

UA Wells

40.38%

UA Wells

44.44%

1969.74 Gallons/Capita x 51,525 = 101,490,854 Gallons 6565.82 Gallons/Capita x 51,525 = 338,303,876 Gallons 6528.45 Gallons/Capita x 51,525 = 351,835,886 Gallons

2050

1969.74 Gallons/Capita x 55,847 = 110,004,070 Gallons 6565.82 Gallons/Capita x 55,847 = 366,681,350 Gallons 6528.45 Gallons/Capita x 55,847 = 381,348,447 Gallons

Water Usage Projections 1,000,000,000

858,033,867

Gallons of Water Uses

800,000,000

791,630,616 738,640,144

600,000,000

103 400,000,000

381,348,447

351,835,886

328,284,562

366,681,350

338,303,876

315,658,362

Total Amount of Water

200,000,000

110,004,070

101,490,854

94,697,220

Reclaimed Water Tucson Water

2020

2035

UofA Wells

2050

Year

2020

Total Water Sources Per Capita (GALLONS) (GALLONS)

2035

Total Water Sources Per Capita (GALLONS) (GALLONS)

2050

Total Water Sources Per Capita (GALLONS) (GALLONS)

Reclaimed Water

94,697,220

1969.74

Reclaimed Water

101,490,854

1969.74

Reclaimed Water

110,004,070

1969.74

Tucson Water

315,658,362

6565.82

Tucson Water

338,303,876

6565.82

Tucson Water

366,681,350

6565.82

UofA Wells

328,284,562

6828.45

UofA Wells

351,835,886

6828.45

UofA Wells

381,348,447

6828.45

Rainfall Projections Past and Current Baseline The calculations for total rainfall by each months of year 2010 & 2015

Au g g

Ju Ju

Month

Ju n n Ju

Au Jag n Se p Fe t b Oc Mat r No Ap v r De Mac y

0 l

0 n

100

Ma y

200

Ma r

300

Ju n

Ma y

Ap r

Ma r

400

300

De c

No v

Oc t

n Ju

Gallons per capita

c De

No v

Au g

Ju l

Ju n

Au Jag n Se p Fe t b Oc Mat r No Ap v r De Mac y

Ju l Ju

n Ju

Au Ja g n Se p Fe t b Oc Mat r No Ap v r De Mac y

Month

Fe b

500 0 Ja n

500 0

Au Ja g n Se p Fe t b Oc Mat r No Ap v r De Mac y

400

600 100

5,000,000

Ju l

500

2015 Rainfall (Gallons/Capita)

600 100

10,000,000

l l Ju

Ma r

500

600 0

Ju n

700 1,000

Au Ja g n Se p Fe t b Oc Mat r No Ap v r De Mac y

700 1,000

400

Au Jag n Se p Fe t b Oc Mat r No Ap v r De Mac y

800 2,000

5,000,000

15,000,000

Month 2015 Rainfall (Gallons/Capita) 3,000

800 2,000

De c

No v

Au g

4,000

5,000 0 b

5,000 0 Ma r

6,000 1,000

7,000 2,000

700 200

Ju n

r r

7,000 2,000

700 200

Ma y

8,000 3,000

25,000,000

Ma y

Gallons

Ma r

4,000

8,000 3,000

800 300

0 Ma r

4,000

800 300

0 b

5,000

2010 Rainfall (Gallons/Capita)

400

15,000,000

20,000,000 Fe

5,000

2015 Rainfall (Gallons/Capita)

2015 Rainfall (Gallons) 10,000,000

6,000

600 0 2015 Rainfall (Gallons/Capita)

30,000,000

6,000

20153,000 Rainfall (Gallons/Capita)

Ju l

Ju n

Au Ja g n Se p Fe t b Oc Mat r No Ap v r De Mac y

Ma y

Ma r

0 (Gallons) 2015 Rainfall 9

ons)

7,000

4,000

No v

Month

25,000,000 20,000,000

7,000

Fe b

(Gallons)

Au Jag n Se p Fe t b Oc Mat r No Ap v r De Mac y

Gallons r

100,000,000 2015 Rainfall 30,000,000 50,000,000

Fe b

200,000,000 50,000,000

Ma y

Ma r

250,000,000 100,000,000

150,000,000 0

8,000

2010 Rainfall (Gallons/Capita)

2010 Rainfall (Gallons)

104

8,000

150,000,000

ons)

Gallons per capita

200,000,000

2010 Rainfall (Gallons/Capita)

250,000,000

ons)

2010 Rainfall (Gallons/Capita)

Ma y

2010 Rainfall (Gallons)

ons)

2010 Rainfall (Gallons/Capita)

Ma y

2010 Rainfall (Gallons)9

Rainfall Projections Short (2020), Mid (2035), Long (2050) Term The Southwest is particularly vulnerable to climate change because of its aridity, and the region is projected to become even drier in decades to come. 18 Global Climate Models11 Precipitation is projected to drop by 5 percent for much of Arizona by the centuryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s end, based on results from an ensemble of 18 global climate models. A 10 percent decline could be in store for the southern half of Arizona. The air will hold more water vapor as it warms up. It potentially could lead to more frequent and intense storm, and heavy rainfall events, for example hurricanes and tropical storms.10 So, precipitation, in Tucson, is projected to decrease by 10% From 2000 to 2100. 2020 precipitation is projected to increase by

2035 precipitation is projected to increase by

3.5%

2050 precipitation is projected to increase by

105

Tucson

30,000,000

25,000,000

20,000,000

Gallons

2050 Rainfall (Gallons)

Gallons

2035 Rainfall (Gallons)

15,000,000

10,000,000

Month

De c

No v

Oc t

Month

Ma y

De c

No v

Oc t

Ju l

Ju n

Ma y

Ap r

Ma r

De c

No v

Oc t

Month

0 Ma y

5,000,000

Ma r

5,000,000

Ja n

5,000,000

10,000,000

Ma r

10,000,000

15,000,000

Ja n

Gallons

2020 Rainfall (Gallons)

7 Road Map to Neutrality This studio was charged with creating a road map for UA campus to reach net zero carbon and water by 2050. Strategies paired with actionable items are outlined to guide implementation at the milestones of 2020 (short range), 2035 (mid range), and 2050 (long range). These projects offer guidance to achieve the current campus 2050 carbon neutrality goal (signed by President Hart in 2015) with additional ambitions around sustainable water management at a level which no other campus in the country is currently pursuing.

108

CARBON

NEUTRALITY

109

Carbon Neutrality Implementations Carbon related implementations by short, mid and long term to reach carbon neutrality in 2050 POLICY: CARBON CENTERED DECISION DATA DRIVEN ENERGY MANAGEMENT

CARBON TAX POLICY

CARBON OFFSETS DEVELOPMENT DEEP DE-CARBONIZATION TRANSPORTATION

2016

2020

RESILIENCY EXPANSION RENEWABLE ENERGY EXPANSION EDUCATION MAXIMIZED BUILDING EFFICIENCY

110

POLICY: CONTINUED ANNUAL ANALYSIS, UPDATE ACCORDINGLY

Short Term: 2020 1. Carbon Centered Decision Making Policy v1.0 2. Net Zero New Construction Policy v1.0 3. Educated Behavior Change, Phase 1 4. Data Driven Energy Management, Phase 1 5. Support Carbon Neutral Transportation, Phase 1 6. Discourage Fossil Fuels Transportation, Phase 1 7. Maximized Building Efficiency, Phase 1 8. De-Carbonize Campus Energy, Phase 1 9. Renewable Energy Expansion, Phase 1 10. Develop Offsets, Phase 1

2035

2050

Mid Term: 2035 1. Campus Carbon Tax Policy v1.0 2. Educated Behavior Change, Phase 2 3. Data Driven Energy Management, Phase 2 4. Support Carbon Neutral Transportation, Phase 2 5. Discourage Fossil Fuels Transportation, Phase 2 6. Maximized Building Efficiency, Phase 2 7. Resiliency Expansion, Phase 1 8. De-Carbonize Campus Energy, Phase 2 9. Renewable Energy Expansion, Phase 2 10. Develop Offsets, Phase 2

Long Term: 2050 1. Discourage Fossil Fuels Transportation, Phase 3 2. Resiliency Expansion, Phase 2 3. De-Carbonize Campus Energy, Phase 3 4. Renewable Energy Expansion, Phase 3 5. Develop Offsets, Phase 3

111

Carbon Centered Decision Making Policy Net Zero Construction Policy Submeter all buildings for energy and water use

Develop official carbon offset programs

Begin major updates on equipment

Create Data Distribution Center

Set up public access for individual, department, and event offset purchasing

Establish and develop a regional network

Form open access to database

Create interactivity of water and energy use throughout campus

DATA DRIVEN ENERGY MANAGEMENT

Create regional carbon offset programs

Expand campus carbon offset programs

CARBON OFFSETS DEVELOPMENT

Apply carbon tax policy for departments and events

Decommission boilers, Heat pump phase 1 Decommission turbine,Decommissioning of central plant phase

Plan/Policy to transition campus from fossil fuels to electric Subsidizing public transportation for UA students

Close campus roads

Update all the CatTran into electric-vehicle.

112

2016

Increase bike storage

Install electric vehicle charging stations on campus.

UA Sustainability Education Improved SRI on all buildings

Implementing protective systems for pedestrian and bicycle safety

Expand CatTranâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s service range Phase 1

Increasing bike storage in parking garages

2020

Begin allocating funds and placement of batteries in UAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Central Plants

Active Eco-Rep program

Increase the number of CatTran shuttles

Extra solar panels complete

Feasibility study and partnership formation for city waste to energy project

All parking garages and student residences are to have PV installed and the development of all buildings which have accommodating structures to construct into photovoltaic systems is to be complete

D t

Recruit , hire and train students and faculty

Fundraise for carbon research and events

Physical Educational implementations Space utilization of all buildings on campus

Establish the UA Building Efficiency Fund

Continued Annual Analysis policy, update accordingly

All interior improvements completed

Carbon tour + events continue to take educate students, teachers and the community Community partners with Eco-Rep program at UA Deep Retrofitting

UA partners with Tucson community for sustainable education outreach

Require students to enroll in one sustainability class as part of the general education curriculum

MAXIMIZED BUILDING EFFICIENCY

HVAC system improvements

Building Facade Upgrades

Te im ca

Carbon Timeline

Campus Carbon Policy coinciding with the Net-Zero new construction policy

Detailed timeline to present when each implementation would be applied CARBON TAX POLICY

Purchase additional carbon offset credits from outside programs

Decommission turbine,Decommissioning of central plant phase 2 Decommission boilers + Heat Pump Phase 2

Chilled water network: maintain and replace chillers

DEEP DE-CARBONIZATION 1

Expand CatTranâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s service range Phase 2

Carbon tax for parking on campus

TRANSPORTATION

Expanding the protected pedestrian and bike route

2035

Additional funding will be necessary to expand for more energy storage batteries for off campus energy surplus.

Sufficient battery storage and funding implementation

2050 RESILIENCY EXPANSION Replacement of Lithium Ion storage

RENEWABLE ENERGY EXPANSION Building of facility and operation, establish research institute/center around facility. Develop part of the buildings on campus into PV producer, develop all new construction to be PV ready, and expand UA solar park for campus energy consumption

Renew and upgrading all PV panels

Funding of carbon research to continue educating the community

EDUCATION

Technologies implemented to track carbon footprint

UA continues to compete for leadership in campus sustainability contests nationwide

Y Continuous commissioning of Energy Efficiency in buildings

113 Additional battery storage installed

Expansion of facility to meet regional waste. All appropriate campus buildings are to be producing PV energy and the development of off campus solar field

Carbon Principle Map $

S Kolb RD

$ S Rit a Rd

2050 Upgrade

$$ $

Upgrade CARBON OFFSETS

I-1

S Kolb RD

114

a Rd

S Rit

OFF CAMPUS PV FARM

2050

I-1

S Craycroft Rd

OFF CAMPUS WASTE TO ENERGY PLANT

Plant

Waste Yard 1 Waste Yard 2

Los Reales Landfill

CAMPUS

2020

2035

2050

EFFICIENCY

ALL BUILDING IMPROVEMENTS TO BE COMPLETED AND CONTINUOUS COMMISSIONS BEGINS

CREATE REGIONAL CARBON OFFSET PROGRAMS

17%

TRANSPORTATION 60

INCREASE PARKING FEES, INCREASE BIKE SECURITY

7% DE-CARBONIZATION

115

DECOMMISSION BOILERS, HEAT PUMP PHASE 1

RENEWABLE ENERGY

DECOMMISSION BOILERS, HEAT PUMP PHASE 1

50%

CAMPUS

BEHAVIORAL CHANGES

12%

Carbon Master Wedge Diagram Population 43721

350,000

Population 48076

116

MTons CO2e

300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000

2016

2020

2035 Year

Population 51525

2050

Business As Usual Carbon Centered Decision Making Educated Behavior Change Data Driven Energy Management Support Carbon Neutral transportation

348,255 mTons 23,315 mTons 11,943 mTons 5,181 mTons 5,352 mTons

7% 3% 1% 2%

Discourage Fossil Fuel Transportation

12,488 mTons

Maximizing Building Efficiency Resiliency Expansion

31,087 mTons 0 mTons

9% 0%

De-Carbonize Campus Energy

59,906 mTons

Renewable Energy Expansion

174,694 mTons

50%

Develop Carbon Offsets Plan

58,290 mTons

17%

117

Carbon Strategies System | Scope 1+2 |

PV On Campus PV Off Campus

118

Substation

Girds

Batteries

Central Plant

| Scope 3 | Strategies System

Travel

Waste to Energy

Offsets

Campus Transportation

Private Vehicle

Waste to Energy

Forests

Livestock Methane

Composting

Commuting

Mine Decommission

119

Carbon Policy Implementations Policy 1 |

Net Zero Construction Policy v 1.0 | 2020 |

All future construction on Campus must be LEEDS Platinum standard from 2016, for any project over 3000 square foot. This will reduce immediate pressure and allow Planning, Design and Construction time to change all construction into Net Zero Energy with minimum Facade Performance.

Policy 2 |

De-Carbonization Plan for Campus Energy | 2020 |

To move away from fossil fuels, the campus must begin to De-carbonize its existing energy production. The plants must be De-commissioned and replaced by electrical energy from renewable sources. This process must begin with immediate effect. 120

Policy 3 | Renewable

Energy Expansion Plan | 2020 |

In order to become net-zero energy, a new fuel source must be established for University of Arizona campus. Photovoltaic expansion on and off campus in conjuncture with heat pumps must produce all energy for campus by 2050. All available locations for PV on campus must be utilized and accordingly off campus Photovoltaics must produce the remainder of the energy needed to power the campus.

Policy 4 |

Carbon Centered Decision Making Policy v 1.0 | 2020 |

The University of Arizona will diverge from connections with Carbon Intensive companies and procurement. All ne w external facilities in contractual obl igations with the university must have incentivized carbon reduction policies, and if in the instance of equipment procurement, must be Energy Star rated.

Maximized Building Efficiency Plan | 2020 | Policy 5 In order to achieve a Net Zero Carbon Campus, existing infrastructure must be improved. A list of the EUI for every building on campus must be first created to establish buildings in need of immediate appraisal and retrofitting. All Buildings must reach an improved efficacy of 12% by 2050, All buildings must have 100% occupancy during business hours. And 70% during off peak hours. Several milestones at 2020 and 2035 have been put in place, any building that is not on the path to achieve this, or are not financially viable will be accessed for demolition or re-prioritized if appropriate.

Carbon Offset Development Plan | 2020 | Policy 6 The Universit y of Arizona with create a carbon offset network between major regional universities to develop programs and purchases together and provide for third party verification. The university with use local and regional offset programs combined with additional individual and university carbon offset purchases to become carbon neutral in scope 3 emissions by 2050. Carbon offset programs will be given priority and carbon offset purchasing will be used as a last resort to achieve the goal. A carbon tax as well as required individual offset purchases will be used to discourage energy usage as well as fund the carbon offset programs.

Campus Carbon Tax Policy v 1.0 | 2035 | Policy 7 There will be regulations in place for departments and colleges on campus, in conjuncture with Carbon use. This policy will introduce a tax for each building on their carbon use. The average energy use will be calculated per department due to different carbon averages, i.e. laboratories will produce much higher energy than literature buildings. Any building that exceed the departmental average will pay a carbon tax on that.

121

Carbon Short Term | Educated Behavior Change, Phase 1 | 2020 Timeline for Implementation Physical Educational implementations, Recruit , hire and train students and faculty. Design Principle Transformative Thinking Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 1% Total Amount Reduced: 4,266 mTons GHG emissions from scope 1 + 2 122

Required Stakeholder Engagement Sustainability Department, Sustainable student club advocates, Eco-Rep Program Potential Funding Sources Apply a fee to students tuition every semester to fund for monitors and signage in dorms. Case Studies1 Eco-Rep Program

Educated Buildings

Physical Implementation The University of Arizona campus should be more aware about sustainability all around the campus by the year 2020. Physical implementations will include building signage and building dashboards in student dorms and buildings that have a lot of public interaction. These dashboards and signage will include facts or activities going on around campus that will make the whole campus aware of carbon inpact. EcoRepresentatives will recruit , hire and train students and teachers to join the program.

123

Lifestyle Change

Student dormitory competitions will begin to motivate students to contribute to a carbon neutral campus. Also a new student and employee orientation will be given about energy usage and conversation measures. This orientation will be mandatory for all coming freshmen and employees to gain knowledge about carbon footprint in collage. Establish EcoRep program run by students that find imaginative ways to educate peers about living sustainable.

Achieving Neutrality | Scope 1, 2, and 3 Population 43721

350,000

Population 48076 Business as Usual 286,719 mTons CO2e Educated Behavior Change 1% 4,266 mTons CO2e

300,000

mTons CO2e

Policy Implementation1

250,000 200,000

174,338 mTons CO2e

150,000 100,000 50,000

2016

2020 Year

Carbon Short Term | Data Driven Energy Management, Phase 1 | 2020 Timeline for Implementation Submeter all buildings for energy and water use. Begin small building efficiency updates. Create Data Distribution Center.

CENTRAL DATA COLLECTION

Design Principle Organizational Effectiveness Performance Indicator Buildings on campus become more energy efficient

124

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 7% Total Amount Reduced: 21,328 mTons GHG emissions from scope 1+2 Required Stakeholder Engagement UA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability, UA Computer Science Department, UA Research Gateway Potential Funding Sources Development of a rotating fund where money saved through energy efficiency improvements will be used for future data management applications. Case Studies2 â&#x20AC;&#x153;Submetering Building Water and Energy Usageâ&#x20AC;? by the National Science and Technology Council Committee on Technology outlines the benefits to building submetering with case studies as references.

Data Connections

Building Submeters

Physical Implementation

Operations Center

All buildings on the UA campus will be fitted with submeters to track each buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s energy and water usage. All of this data will be centralized into one location for engineers to utilize. This central location allows for easy analysis of building performance across the campus and will lead to building and system improvements that can be fixed by 2020.

125

Submetering data distribution network

Policy Implementation Achieving Neutrality | Scope 1, 2, and 3 Population 43721

350,000

mTons CO2e

In Phase I of the Data Management Plan all building on campus will be required to become submetered. The data collection will be used to track any current and future building inefficiency such as system malfunction, leakage, and unnecessary energy wasting behavior. The data collection and analysis engineers will work in connection with the Building Efficiency Implementation team to ensure optimal building energy use. Once the buildings are submetered continuous commissioning will be required for all buildings on campus, to be administered biannually.

Population 48076

300,000

Business as Usual 286,719 mTons CO2e

250,000

Data Driven Energy Management 7% 21,328 mTons CO2e

200,000

174,338 mTons CO2e

150,000 100,000 50,000

2016

2020 Year

Carbon Short Term | Support Carbon Neutral Transportation, Phase 1 | 2020 Timeline for Implementation 50% of the routes of UA campus will be covered with bike routes with protective systems. All the Parking Garages will increase the number of bike storage. Design Principle Organizational Effectiveness Performance Indicator Scope 3 emission Reductions

126

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 0.4% Total Amount Reduced: 1,087 mTons GHG emissions from scope 3 Required Stakeholder Engagement UA Transportation Department, UA Parking Service Department, Office of Sustainability. Potential Funding Sources Funding will be collected from 10% of the annual parking fee revenues on campus. Case Studies3&4 Arizona State University and Harvard University

Parking Garage

Existing Bike Route

Bike Route Expansion

Physical Implementation To combat the scope 3 emissions on Campus, some roads will be converted to bike paths with protective system. These bike paths will be incorporated into 50% of the current roads on campus by 2020. Additionally, there will be an expansion of bike storage, and security, within the parking garages. This will improve the biking and pedestrian environment of campus and encourage further and increased use of bicycles for transportation.

Bicycle Storage

Pedestrian Lane

Protected Bicycle Lane

Vehicle Lane

Physical implementations on campus to support carbon neutral travel

In Phase I of this plan, UA will remanage some existing roads to reallocated them into exclusively bike and pedestrian paths with inclusion of protective systems to ensure proper safety. Existing parking garages are required to include bike storage spaces for a minimum of 25 bikes by 2020.

Achieving Neutrality | Scope 1, 2, and 3 Population 43721

350,000

mTons CO2e

Policy Implementation

Population 48076

300,000

Business as Usual 286,719 mTons CO2e

250,000

Support Carbon Neutral Transportation 0.4% 1,087 mTons CO2e

200,000

174,338 mTons CO2e

150,000 100,000 50,000

2016

2020 Year

127

Carbon Short Term | Discourage Fossil Fuels Transportation, Phase 1 | 2020 Timeline for Implementation UA will manage the parking garages to reduce the number of vehicles, through increasing fees. The CatTran will be updated into electric-vehicle. UA will also subsidize students in order to take public transportation for free, all to encourage a reduction the carbon emissions.1 Design Principle Transformative Thinking

128

Performance Indicator Scope 3 emission Reductions Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 1% Total Amount Reduced: 2,115 mTons GHG emissions from scope 3 Required Stakeholder Engagement UA Transportation Department, UA Parking Service Department, Office of Sustainability, Tucson Transportation Department. Potential Funding Sources Funding sources will be the parking fees from the parking garages and parking lots. Case Studies5&6 Arizona State University and Harvard University Sustainability Plan

Parking Garage

Parking Lot

Infill on surface parking lots

Physical Implementation5 To combat the scope 3 emissions on campus, there will be the Increase in parking fees in the six parking garages and in the multiple parking lots. There will also be a reduction in parking spaces by closing selected roads.

Electrically Powered Fleet

Also, UA will start to update the CatTran fleet into electric-vehicles and increase the amount of electric vehicle charging stations on campus. In addition, UA will completely subsidize public transportation for student, to allow them to take the Suntran for free. This will discourage vehicular driving on campus.

Closed roads to reduce traffic

129

Vehicular Electric Charging Stations Physical Implementations on Campus to deter Scope 3 Emissions

Achieving Neutrality | Scope 1, 2, and 3 Population 43721

Population 48076

350,000

All the parking garages and parking lots will increase their parking fees.

300,000

Business as Usual 286,719 mTons CO2e

250,000

Discourage Fossil Fuel Transportation 1% 2,115 mTons CO2e

The CatTran fleet are required to update into electric vehicles, and more electric vehicle charging stations should be expanded on campus. All students will have public transportation passes while they remain full-time students at UA.

mTons CO2e

Policy Implementation

200,000

174,338 mTons CO2e

150,000 100,000 50,000

2016

2020 Year

Carbon Short Term | Maximize Building Efficiency, Phase 1 | 2020 Timeline for Implementation Funding and Space utilization must be established within 2 years. Interior improvements, must be complete by 2030. SRI to reduce Heat Island, to be completed by 2020. Design Principle Principled and Practical Action Performance Indicator The percentage of building efficiency. The use of square footage on Campus. 130

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 6%, Total Amount Reduced: 17,063 mTons GHG emissions from scope 1+2 Required Stakeholder Engagement Facilities Management and Planning, Design and Construction Potential Funding Sources The University of Arizona Building Efficiency Fund will be established. This will use small bonds to begin the increased efficiency of building which will then lead to a reduction in expenditure which can be reinvested into the fund. Creating a revolving fund. Case Studies7&8 Stanford University offers a comprehensive breakdown of their interior and HVAC upgrades. University of California and University of Michigan also have useful lighting upgrades and total energy improvements.

Interiors by 2030

SRI improvements

Under-utilised Buildings

Physical Implementation Efficiency will be completed in three sections, Effective Space utilization, Interior upgrades and SRI improvements. The interiors will be retrofit with lighting, which will be replaced with low energy, LEDs, compact florescent torches, among others. There will also be the installation of window films, to reduce heat gain within buildings. Motion sensors will also be installed to reduce wasted energy. Light shelves will be utilized to increase natural daylight within buildings, to reduce electrical loads. Phase One interior retrofitting will occur in every building older than 1960 on campus that is not restricted by preservation, plus the Student Memorial Center and the Main Library. Roofs will be painted to improve the heat gain as well. All buildings that are viable for SRI improvements will be adapted.

Roofs with high SRI

Energy efficient lighting system

Window Film

Motion Sensors to reduce electrical loads

131

Energy Efficiency Improvements for Interiors and SRI

Achieving Neutrality | Scope 1, 2, and 3

Policy Implementation

Population 43721

350,000

Population 48076 Business as Usual 286,719 mTons CO2e

300,000

mTons CO2e

If any intensive remodeling Two year limit on Fund establishment and Building Use Completion. All buildings on Campus must have 100% use during business hours, and a minimum of 70% use during non business hours. All buildings that are viable for retrofitting, due to age and energy consumption will be placed on a categorized list. Each building must achieve a minimum reduction of 10% by 2050, of energy consumption.

Light Shelves

250,000

Maximize Building Efficiency 6% 17,063 mTons CO2e

200,000

174,338 mTons CO2e

150,000 100,000 50,000

2016

2020 Year

Carbon Short Term | Deep De-Carbonization of Campus Energy, Phase 1 | 2020 Timeline for Implementation 2020: Plan to transition campus from fossil fuels to electric (ie decommissioning of turbines and boilers (cogen plant), heat pump installation plan) Design Principle Responsible Risk Taking Performance Indicator Percentage of Campus Energy Supplied by Fossil Fuels + Energy Efficiency Strategies 132

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 7% Reduction found in fuel switching of electricity and electric fuels Total Amount Reduced: 21,328 mTons GHG emissions from scope 3 Required Stakeholder Engagement UA Board of Regents, College of Engineering, College of Law, Department of Sustainability + Energy Management, Department of Project Management Office of the Vice President for Research, Executive Vice President and Provosts Office. Through these outlets there are established funds, initiatives, and programs that could help the University attain this goal Case Studies16 U.S Deep De-Carbonization Pathways

Underground Utility Infrastructure

Campus Buildings

Co-Gen Plant Location

Physical Implementation Living & Learning Laboratory

Deep De-carbonization and the approach that lies within focuses closely on the amount of campus energy supplied by fossil fuels. The physical implementations would begin promptly with 2020 being the cap on transitioning the campus from fossil fuels to electric. By 2035 the first phase of Heat pumps would be installed, decommissioning of the central plant in phase 1, and purchase of electric battery storage will have been made. 2050 is the year that UA will have reached the goal of being fossil fuel free and the 2nd phase of decommissioning the central plant will be complete. Policy Implementation

Invest in Sustainable Energy Research and Development

Improve the Physical Environment

Transition UA to 100% Renewable Energy

Partnerships

Become an Educational Leader in Sustainable Energy

133

Leading By Example

UA Plan to Transition to 100% Renewable

Achieving Neutrality | Scope 1, 2, and 3

ESTABLISH 3 PILLARS OF DEEP DE-CARBONIZATION OF UNIVERSITY ENERGY SYSTEMS:

350,000

1. Energy efficiency and conservation 2. Low-carbon electricity: De-carbonization of electricity generation through the replacement of existing fossil-fuel-based generation with renewable energy 3. Fuel Switching: Switching enduse energy supplies from highly carbon-intensive fossil fuels to lower carbon fuels.

250,000

Population 43721

Population 48076 Business as Usual 286,719 mTons CO2e

mTons CO2e

300,000

Deep De-Carbonization of Campus Energy 7% 21,328 mTons CO2e

200,000

174,338 mTons CO2e

150,000 100,000 50,000

2016

2020 Year

Carbon Short Term | Renewable Energy Expansion, Phase 1 | 2020 Timeline for Implementation Garages, Student Union and Dorms are photovoltaic available for generating energy. A feasibility study and partnership formation for city waste to energy project.

2020 Off-Campus Waste to Energy Facilities Proposal

Design Principle Principled and Practical Action Performance Indicator Energy Production

134

Reduction9&10&11&12 Total Percentage Reduced: 12% Total Amount Reduced: 34,531 mTons GHG emissions from scope 1+2 Required Stakeholder Engagement9&12 UA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability, UA Research Gateway, Tucson Electricity Power Company, Tucson energy & waste Department. Potential Funding Sources9&12 Renewable energy expansion project can be cooperated with firms and companies through power purchase agreements. On-campus construction is will be financed by the University solely. Funds can also be requested from National Renewable Energy Foundation Case Studies13 Colorado State University, Foothill campus

PV Unavailable

2020 Target Buildings for PV

Physical Implementation The phase 1 implementation is focused on-campus PV system construction. According to the building footprint and the availability of PV system construction, we expect that the six parking garages, Student Union, Main Library and all the dorms can be integrated with PV systems. This will produce 16,952,966 kilowatt hours of solar electricity, which will be available for campus energy consumption, this will help to reduce 11,724 metric tons or carbon emission every year. Combining the existing solar park off-campus, the total reduction will reach 36,644 metric tons. Furthermore, feasibility study will be conducted into partnerships with cooperations to develop collective waste to energy projects.

Photovoltaics on existing buildings

Photovoltaic Shading structure on top of Parking Garages

Electricity generated on Campus, feeds back into the grid. Photovoltaic Installation on Campus

Achieving Neutrality | Scope 1, 2, and 3 Population 43721

350,000

Policy Implementation

Population 48076 Business as Usual 286,719 mTons CO2e

300,000

mTons CO2e

The short term goals are to install photovoltaics onto buildings which have wide flat roofs and easy accessibility to structural upgrades first. This will mean we can generate as much solar power as soon as possible and take minimal time to finish the most PV systems as we can. Moreover, the on-campus building upgrades can easily be integrated into the campus electricity grid network.

Photovoltaic integrated Pavillions

250,000 200,000

Renewable Energy Expansion 12% 34,531 mTons CO2e

174,338 mTons CO2e

150,000 100,000 50,000

2016

2020 Year

135

Carbon Short Term | Develop Carbon Offset Plan, Phase 1 | 2020 Timeline for Implementation Develop official carbon offset programs. Establish and develop a regional network. Design Principle Principled and Practical Action Performance Indicator Carbon emissions to begin to offset scope 3

136

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 1% Total Amount Reduced: 3,672 mTons GHG emissions from scope 3 University of Arizona

Required Stakeholder Engagement UA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability Potential Funding Sources Individual donations, department and campus carbon tax program. Case Studies14&15 Duke University’s “Carbon Offset Initiative” provides a strong reference to a variety of carbon offset implementations and policies. This initiative focuses on offset projects that can directly help the university and the local area. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resource Board provides a range of carbon offset projects and their related data of which are currently being conducted throughout California. University

Reforestation

Livestock Methane

Compost

Urban Forest

Carbon Emitted

Physical Implementation

Carbon Emissions Prevented

Carbon Emitted

Purchase of carbon offsets allows for the university to make-up the portion of carbon emissions that they are unable to reduce. The university purchases carbon credits in which emissions are prevented in other areas of the state and nearby region. The credits are verified by third party of peer verification networks.

Carbon Credit

Policy Implementation

Carbon activities offset with sustainable carbon initiatives

Achieving Neutrality | Scope 1, 2, and 3

Carbon Credits

Population 43721

350,000

Population 48076 Business as Usual 286,719 mTons CO2e

300,000

mTons CO2e

Phase I of the Carbon Offset Plan outlines the formation of a regional University network of which will work together as third party verification systems for carbon offset purchases as well as establish their own local carbon offset programs where Universities within the partnership can purchase credits. Additionally in this phase all existing projects at UA and surrounding area will become certificated carbon offset programs where the University can start directly gaining from the offsets being development on the campus. Such project include, Compost Cats, Urban Forest projects, and methane capture from livestock.

137

250,000 200,000

174,338 mTons CO2e

Develop Carbon Offset Plan 1% 3,672 mTons CO2e

150,000 100,000 50,000

2016

2020 Year

Carbon Mid Term | Educated Behavior Change, Phase 2 | 2035 Timeline for Implementation Physical Educational implementations, Recruit , hire Funding of carbon research to continue educating the community. UA partners with Tucson community for sustainable education outreach. Design Principle Transformative Thinking

138

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 4% Total Amount Reduced: 11951 mTons GHG emissions from scope 1+2 Required Stakeholder Engagement Sustainability Department, Sustainable student club advocates, Eco-Rep Program Potential Funding Sources Apply a fee to students tuition every semester to fund tours and app and apply for sustainability awards that can fund carbon research. Carbon research funding can be generated from carbon fairs at UA or other campuses nationwide. Case Studies1 Eco-Rep Program

Educated Buildings

Physical Implementation

Policy Implementation Students will be required to take a green class during the course of their career and as part as their general education. Every educational building on campus will have a green teacher and a green classroom. Students will share their knowledge with their families and the community. University of Arizona will align tours and carbon programs with the community and better our operations to serve a contemporary university mission at UA.

Class

Conference

Assignment

Lecture

Group Work

Research

Possibilities of Education Program for Student

Achieving Neutrality | Scope 1, 2, and 3 Population 43721

350,000

Population 48076

Population 51525 Business as Usual 321,303 mTons CO2e

300,000

mTons CO2e

In 2035, there will be a green class standard and it will be required to take at least one sustainability class as part of the general education curriculum. Carbon tours and events will continue to take place on campus to educate students. Technologies like a teacher app and a carbon calculator will be beneficial to track carbon footprint information and statistics on campus. Looking out for the funding of carbon research will be necessary to continue educating the community. UA will compete in campus sustainability contests around the nation to educate other students and continue to gain knowledge.

Educated Behavior Change 4% 11,951 mTons CO2e

250,000 200,000 150,000

142,927 mTons CO2e

100,000 50,000

2016

2020

2035 Year

139

Carbon Mid Term | Data Driven Energy Management, Phase 2 | 2035 Timeline for Implementation Begin major updates on equipment. Form open access to database. Create interactivity of water and energy use throughout campus. Design Principle Organizational Effectiveness Performance Indicator Buildings on campus become more energy efficient 140

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 4% Total Amount Reduced: 11,951 mTons GHG emissions from scope 1+2 Required Stakeholder Engagement UA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability, UA Computer Science Department, UA Research Gateway Potential Funding Sources Development of a rotating fund where money saved through energy efficiency improvements will be used for future data management applications. Case Studies2&3 â&#x20AC;&#x153;Energy Smart Buildingsâ&#x20AC;? by Accentual looks at the Microsoft campus implementation of metering and smart campus technology. The study outlines the requirements of application and overall benefits of the project over time. Data Online Network

Building Submeters

Physical Implementation Within this phase of the Data Management plan, the campus will incorporate smart campus technology and equipment. All buildings will include real-time energy usage analysis displays for its users. The tracking network will provide transparency within the University and given the users direct feedback to incentive energy saving behavior.

Data Analysis

Air-conditioners

LED Lights

Application Printers Public

141

Policy Implementation Computers

Building energy consumption links to APP which becomes adjustable for public

Achieving Neutrality | Scope 1, 2, and 3 Population 43721

350,000

Population 48076

Population 51525 Business as Usual 321,303 mTons CO2e

300,000

mTons CO2e

In Phase II of the Data Management Plan, the data collected through building submetering will become openly available to everyone through an online application database. This application will be used to track building and individual energy usage. UA should continue to identify system-specific operational efficiency opportunities, such as fully enable energy and water bill allocation throughout an entire campus, effectively manage electric loads to minimize costs under a time-based rate schedule and identify equipment malfunction or impending malfunction, such as in critical use facilities like University Medical Center or our data centers.

Data Driven Energy Management 4% 11,951 mTons CO2e

250,000 200,000 150,000

142,927 mTons CO2e

100,000 50,000

2016

2020

2035 Year

Carbon Mid Term | Support Carbon Neutral Transportation, Phase 2 | 2035 Timeline for Implementation 100% of the routes of UA campus will be covered with bike routes with protective systems. All the Parking lots will increase the number of bike storage.2 Design Principle Organizational Effectiveness Performance Indicator Scope 3 emission Reductions

142

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 1% Total Amount Reduced: 2,280 mTons GHG emissions from scope 3 Required Stakeholder Engagement UA Transportation Department, UA Parking Service Department, Office of Sustainability. Potential Funding Sources Funding sources can be the parking fee from the parking garages and parking lots. Case Studies4&5 Harvard University and Arizona State University

Parking Lots

Existing Bike Route

Bike Route Expansion

Physical Implementation To combat the scope 3 emissions on Campus, there will convert the rest roads to bike paths and increase the bikeability and safety of bike routes, which will cover 100% of the roads on campus by 2035. 2 There will also be an expansion of bike storage, and security, which will be implemented in parking lots.

Buildings

Pedestrian

This will be discouraged vehicular driving, and encourage cycling or walk to campus.

Protected Bike Lane

Vehicle Road

Protected Bike Lane

Pedestrian

Buildings

143

Better Pavement and Bike Lane to Encourage Green Commuty

Policy Implementation

Achieving Neutrality | Scope 1, 2, and 3

UA will re-managed the roads to change them into bike routes and pedestrian with some protective systems to keep people more safety.

350,000

Population 48076

Population 51525 Business as Usual 321,303 mTons CO2e

300,000

mTons CO2e

UA plan to install more bike storages in parking lots.

Population 43721

Support Carbon Neutral Transportation 1% 2,280 mTons CO2e

250,000 200,000 150,000

142,927 mTons CO2e

100,000 50,000

2016

2020

2035 Year

Carbon Mid Term | Discourage Fossil Fuels Transportation, Phase 2 | 2035 Timeline for Implementation6 UA will focus on the CatTran system. The number CatTran will increase. Also, it will expand the service range and built more electric vehicle charging station on the road to keep Green Commuting Design Principle Transformative Thinking Performance Indicator Scope 3 emission Reductions 144

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 2% Total Amount Reduced: 6073 mTons GHG emissions from scope 3 Required Stakeholder Engagement UA Transportation Department, UA Parking Service Department, Office of Sustainability, Tucson Transportation Department. Potential Funding Sources Funding sources can be the parking fee from the parking garages and parking lots. Case Studies6 Arizona State University

CatTran Station

Electric Vehicle Charging Station

CatTran Route

Physical Implementation6 To combat the scope 3 emissions on campus will be the increasing number of CatTran. At the same time, It should expand the CatTranâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s service range to the apartments (each direction) where the student lives, such as the Seasons, the Northpointe Apartment. In addition, UA will install more electric vehicle charging stations on campus and off campus to support the electric-vehicles, in order to reduce the carbon emissions.

Photovoltaic Panels

Controller

CatTran

Electric Motor

Charging

Batteries

145

CatTran Upgrade Diagram

Policy Implementation

Achieving Neutrality | Scope 1, 2, and 3

All the CatTran should be required to be updated into the electric vehicle, and more electric vehicle charging stations should be expand off campus.

Student will be required to take CatTran or Suntran to reduce the CO2 emission.

350,000

Population 48076

Population 51525 Business as Usual 321,303 mTons CO2e

300,000

mTons CO2e

UA will require the CatTran to arrive some apartments where students live.

Population 43721

Discourage Fossil Fuel Transportation 2% 6,073 mTons CO2e

250,000 200,000 150,000

142,927 mTons CO2e

100,000 50,000

2016

2020

2035 Year

Carbon Mid Term | Maximize Building Efficiency, Phase 2 | 2035 Timeline for Implementation All interior improvements by 2030. All HVAC upgrades by 2035. Selected facade upgrades according to EUI list by 2035. Efficiency of Building must be 10% by 2050. Design Principle Principled and Practical Action Performance Indicator The Building Efficiency Percentage. Overall building efficiency should increase by 10% 146

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 7% Total Amount Reduced: 23,901 mTons GHG emissions from scope 1+2 Required Stakeholder Engagement Facilities Management and Planning, Design and Construction Potential Funding Sources Continued funding via the established University of Arizona Building Efficiency Fund. For larger projects they will be added to a Capital Renewal Fund, within the university budget. Case Studies10&11&12&13 Colorado State Universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s breakdown in Campus wide retrofitting and expenditure, Stanford Universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s HVAC upgrade system..Energy Stars for energy efficient equipment, and University of Oregon for funding options Interiors by 2030

Interiors by 2035

HVAC system upgrade

Physical Implementation Phase Two of Interior Retrofits will be applied to every building built from 1960 onwards, therefore every building on Campus will have completed interior upgrades. HVAC upgrades will occur in the Marvel, Chemical Science buildings and Student Recreation Center, all of which have current remodeling in design phase. The Dorms and Student Memorial Center will also be upgraded. These system upgrades will be in conjuncture with plumbing upgrades.

High-Efficiency Air Handler Louvered Glazing window

LED Lights

Computers LED Lights

Diffusers

147

Computers

Examples for Building Efficiency Upgrade Strategies

Policy Implementation12 Achieving Neutrality | Scope 1, 2, and 3 Population 43721

350,000

Population 48076

Population 51525 Business as Usual 321,303 mTons CO2e

300,000

mTons CO2e

If any intensive remodeling occurs the HVAC system must be replaced within that building. All interior upgrades must be completed by 2030. All initial upgrades to HVAC system of student union, dorms and planned retrofitting by 2035. Continuous commissioning for both interior and HVAC systems from 2035 onwards. Minimum Building Efficiency standards, All new equipment must by energy star rated. The efficiency of every building on campus must reach a minimum of 10%. 80% of buildings must have 12% increased energy efficiency.

Louvered Glazing window

Maximizing Building Efficiency 7% 23,901 mTons CO2e

250,000 200,000 150,000

142,927 mTons CO2e

100,000 50,000

2016

2020

2035 Year

Carbon Mid Term | Resiliency Expansion, Phase 1 | 2035 Timeline for Implementation Additional funding will be necessary to expand for more energy storage batteries for off campus energy surplus. Design Principle Responsible Risk Taking Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 0% Total Amount Reduced: 0 mTons GHG emissions from scope 1+2 148

Required Stakeholder Engagement Tucson Electric Power, Facilities Management, Campus Plant Managers Potential Funding Sources Funding for battery storage can begin in the immediate years. Possible funding resources can come from Tucson Electric Power and from the Central Plant Energy Management Facility. Case Studies16 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings

PV Installed Buildings

Network

Battery Storage

Physical Implementation By the year 2035, most of our electricity will be generated from renewable energy coming from PV installations around campus. Solar power showing great potential as a low-carbon source of electricity and Tucson having plenty amount of sunlight per year will require additional energy storage around campus. The most efficient market technology at the time of purchase will best perform and will begin to be installed in the main UA central campus plant.

Central Plants

Academic Buildings

Campus Dormitory

CatTran

149 Campus-wide Batteries

The most efficient market technology batteries at the time will be implemented at the central campus plant in suitable unoccupied dry spaces. There will need to be an adaptable and sufficient space for twenty to forty foot containers of energy storage systems. By 2035, UA will have a storage capacity of 10% of the daily campus need.

Achieving Neutrality | Scope 1, 2, and 3 Population 43721

350,000

Population 48076

Population 51525 Business as Usual 321,303 mTons CO2e

300,000

mTons CO2e

Policy Implementation16

Resiliency Expansion 0% 0 mTons CO2e

250,000 200,000 150,000

142,927 mTons CO2e

100,000 50,000

2016

2020

2035 Year

Carbon Mid Term | Deep De-Carbonization of Campus Energy, Phase 2 | 2035 Timeline for Implementation 2035: Heat pump phase 1, decommissioning of central plant phase 1, resilience through purchase of battery storage for 5% of electrical need. Design Principle Responsible Risk Taking Performance Indicator Energy Supply Decarbonization Strategies

150

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 7% Reduction found in fuel switching of electricity and electric fuels Total Amount Reduced: 23,901 mTons GHG emissions from scope 3 Required Stakeholder Engagement UA Board of Regents, College of Engineering, College of Law, Department of Sustainability + Energy Management, Department of Project Management Potential Funding Sources As turbines operational life ends, replacement funds can be put toward de-carbonized options Case Studies17&18 U.S Deep De-Carbonization Pathways Carbon Neutral Cities Alliance

Campus Buildings Heat Pump Phase 1

Underground Utility Infrastructure

Co-Gen Plant Decommissioning Phase 1

Physical Implementation Electricity Supply De-carbonization • Different low-carbon generation mixes with carbon intensity that include renewable and nuclear. Electricity Balancing • Flexible demand • Flexible intermediate energy production for hydrogen and power-to-gas processes to take advantage of renewable over generation Pipeline Gas Supply Decarbonization Liquid Fuels Decarbonization • Diesel and jet-fuel replacement biofuels • Centralized hydrogen production through natural gas reformation

Natural Gas

Jet-Fuel Academic Buildings

Central Plants

Renewable Energy

Heat Pumps

151

Student Dormitory

Campus Batteries

De-Carbonize the Campus

Achieving Neutrality | Scope 1, 2, and 3

Policy Implementation

Population 43721

350,000

Population 48076

Population 51525 Business as Usual 321,303 mTons CO2e

300,000

mTons CO2e

Electricity generation, including that used for production of intermediate energy carriers, becomes the dominant form of delivered energy in all deep decarbonization cases. The forms of primary energy used for electricity generation thus have strong impact on cost, balancing requirements, system design, siting, and secondary environmental impacts.

Diesel

250,000

De-Carbonize Campus Energy 7% 23,901 mTons CO2e

200,000 150,000

142,927 mTons CO2e

100,000 50,000

2016

2020

2035 Year

Carbon Mid Term | Renewable Energy Expansion, Phase 2 | 2035

152

Reduction19-26 Total Percentage Reduced: 29% scope 1+2 Total Percentage Reduced: 13% scope 3 Total Amount Reduced: 68,715 mTons GHG emissions from scope 1+2 Total Amount Reduced: 10,484 mTons GHG emissions from scope 3

Exis

ting

a Rd

Performance Indicator Energy Production

2035

S Rit

Design Principle Principled and Practical Action

2035 Off-Campus Waste to Energy Plant Field: S Kolb RD

Timeline for Implementation Over 60% of campus building with Photovoltaic generation system, Expand 2,500 solar panels off campus. Establish waste energy plant for campus solid waste incineration and create energy.

Waste Weight: Electricity Production: Reduction:

12,985.79 tons 8,648,535 kwh / yr 5,981 mTons

I-1

S Craycroft Rd Plant

2035 Off-Campus Solar Zone: Solar Panels: 2,500 Work Rate: 15,296 kw Production: 14,329,386 kwh / yr Reduction: 21,950 mTons

Waste Yard 1

Los Reales Landfill

Required Stakeholder Engagement20&27 UA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability, UA Research Gateway, Tucson Electricity Power Company, Tucson City Waste Department. Landfill Organization. Potential Funding Sources20&27 Renewable energy expansion project can be cooperated with firms and company, UA campus can offer vacant land for construction. Case Studies28 Colorado State University, Foothill campus PV Unavailable

Campus Road

2035 Target Buildings on PV

Physical Implementation

Hot Water

Lights

Plug Load

Waste to Energy Plant

153

Battery Storage Campus Energy Network Integration Diagram

Achieving Neutrality | Scope 1, 2, and 3 Population 43721

350,000

Policy Implementation

Population 48076

Population 51525 Business as Usual 321,303 mTons CO2e

300,000

mTons CO2e

The renewable energy expansion provides campus a huge amount of electricity for our energy consumption which contributes on reducing carbon emission every scope. We wish the renewable energy can offer the campus about 30% of energy consumption and reach more than 50 percent of process on carbon neutrality. Therefore, this implement is a huge step in realizing our final target on 2050.

Solar Boilers

On-campus

Photovoltaic Panels

Off-campus

Phase 2 implement includes the PV expansion and waste energy facilities. On campus, Over 60% buildings will be integrated with PV, which provides us more than 14 millions of kilowatt hours of electricity annually and eliminate almost 10,000 metric tons of CO2e. As to off-campus, 2,500 more pieces of solar panels needs to be constructed to generate electricity. For the waste facility, corresponding facilities will be built to support the waste energy research. Moreover, waste energy plant will be built to the south of campus where we do campus waste incineration to generate waste energy. In this situation, we can reduce 12.74% of scope 3 emission

250,000

Renewable Energy Expansion 29% 68,715 mTons CO2e Renewable Energy Expansion 13% 10,484 mTons CO2e

200,000 150,000

142,927 mTons CO2e

100,000 50,000

2016

2020

2035 Year

Carbon Mid Term | Develop Carbon Offset Plan, Phase 2 | 2035 Timeline for Implementation Set up public access for individual, department, and event offset purchasing. Establish Cap-and-Trade for University departments. Create regional carbon offset programs. Expand campus carbon offset programs. Design Principle Principled Action Performance Indicator Carbon emissions to offset scope 3 154

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 6% Total Amount Reduced: 20,573 mTons GHG emissions from scope 3 Required Stakeholder Engagement UA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability, Regional University Partnership University of Arizona

Potential Funding Sources Individual donations, carbon tax, cap and trade program. Case Studies29&31 Duke University’s “Carbon Offset Initiative” provides a strong reference to a variety of carbon offset implementations and policies. This initiative focuses on offset projects that can directly help the university and the local area. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resource Board provides a range of carbon offset projects and their related data of which are currently being conducted throughout California.

university

wind energy

livestock methane

reforestation

pv energy

urboan forest

compost

concrete sequestering

Physical Implementation Within this phase of the Carbon Offset Plan local projects around UA and other Universities within the Partnership will develop. These projects will include Urban Forest Projects, US Forest Projection, Mine Methane Capture, Livestock Methane Capture, and Carbon Sequestering Concrete, The projects will be shared and developed between Universities.

Even when UA does a lot to reduce our carbon footprint, UA cannot reduce it to exact zero

CREDITS

Credit purchased and reach Carbon Neutrality

Emissions reduction projects are the only way to negate the impact of remaining CO2e

155

Invest on offsets programs

Carbon Offsets

In Phase II of the Carbon Offset Plan individuals, departments, and events will be allowed to purchase carbon offsets. All special events held at UA will be required to offset all of their carbon emissions through offset purchases. Additionally, carbon tax policy will be developed for UA departments to incentivize faculty and staff to reduce their high carbon activities. The carbon tax policy will also be implemented for fossil fuels used by vehicle use by staff and students of the University.

Achieving Neutrality | Scope 1, 2, and 3 Population 43721

350,000

Population 48076

Population 51525 Business as Usual 321,303 mTons CO2e

300,000

mTons CO2e

Policy Implementation

250,000 200,000 150,000

142,927 mTons CO2e

Develop Carbon Offsets Plan 6% 20,573 mTons CO2e

100,000 50,000

2016

2020

2035 Year

Carbon Mid Term | Campus Carbon Tax Policy V1.0 | 2035 Timeline for Implementation Further step of campus carbon policy. Cooperated with the Net-zero New Construction Policy. Focus more on building emission in scope 1+2 Design Principle Spirited Optimism Performance Indicator Sustainable Operation Policy

156

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 2% Total Amount Reduced: 6,429 mTons GHG emissions from scope 1+2 Required Stakeholder Engagement UA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability Potential Funding Sources No cost required Case Studies33 University of California Berkeley

Campus Road High-emit Building

Medium-emit Building

Low-emit Building

Physical Implementation The campus carbon tax is set to control and manage the buildingsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; carbon emissions. All the departments, colleges, organizations or individual buildings will be charged by a accordingly amount of tax for the part of over emitted carbon. This implement has a benefit of giving awareness to all the students and faculties on campus. Everybody has the obligation to help campus reduce carbon emission. However, there are still several different situations and discrepancy among all the departments and colleges on campus.

According to the difference among all the departments and colleges, a standard is necessary for regulate the carbon tax process. For example, laboratories might have much more carbon emission than those literature, art or language colleges. For the sake of making a fair specification, we tend to gather all the emission data in the past and present, then analyze it to get an average number and the future trend for each departments and colleges. This standard will help to regulate the tax charging.

UA emits a lot of carbon emissions into atmosphere from each building, plant even vehicle

157

Diagram for Campus Carbon Tax Policy v1.0

Achieving Neutrality | Scope 1, 2, and 3 Population 43721

350,000

Population 48076

Population 51525 Business as Usual 321,303 mTons CO2e

300,000

mTons CO2e

Policy Implementation

US$

Charge the carbon tax for over emission

250,000 200,000 150,000

142,927 mTons CO2e

Develop Carbon Offsets Plan 2% 6,429 mTons CO2e

100,000 50,000

2016

2020

2035 Year

Carbon Long Term | Discourage Fossil Fuels Transportation Phase 3 | 2050 Timeline for Implementation UA will focus on charging a carbon tax for the students and faculty who drive to campus. In addition, faculty will be taxed if they travel to other places by air. Design Principle Transformative Thinking Performance Indicator Scope 3 emission Reductions

158

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 4% Total Amount Reduced: 12487. 49 mTons GHG emissions from scope 3 Required Stakeholder Engagement UA Transportation Department, UA Parking Service Department, Office of Sustainability. Potential Funding Sources Funding sources can be the carbon tax from the students and faculty who drive to campus, and the carbon tax of facultyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s travel. Case Studies Arizona State University 2

Parking Garage

Sites Off Campus

Old Main

Drive

Flight

Physical Implementation To combat the scope 3 emissions on campus there will be a carbon tax charge for the students and faculty who drive to campus. Charge stations will be located in the parking garages.

UA Campus

Students & Teachers

Cat Tran

Expanded Routes

In the mean time, UA will charge a carbon tax to faculty who travels to other states or countries by air. UA will supervise faculty members and remind them of Green Commuting.

Off-campus Housing

& Faculty Plane Travel

Driving

Carbon Tax Campus Transportation Policy

UA will make a policy to charge a carbon tax for driving to campus. As well, faculty will be charged a carbon tax for air travel. Students will be required to take the CatTran or Suntran to campus, in order to reduce the CO2 emission.

Achieving Neutrality | Scope 1, 2, and 3 350,000

Population 43721

Population 48076

Population 51525

Population 55847 Business as Usual 286,719 mTons CO2e

300,000

Discourage Fossil Fuel Transportation 12,488 mTons CO2e 4%

250,000

mTons CO2e

Policy Implementation

200,000 150,000 100,000 58,290 mTons CO2e

50,000

2016 2020

2035 Year

2050

159

Carbon Long Term | Resiliency Expansion | 2050 Timeline for Implementation Additional battery storage installed Design Principle Responsible Risk Taking Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 0% Total Amount Reduced: 0 mTons GHG emissions from scope 1 + 2

160

Required Stakeholder Engagement Tucson Electric Power, Facilities Management, Campus Plant Managers Potential Funding Sources Prepare additional funding to replace batteries in the next ten- fifteen years. Possible funding resources can come from resiliency research, Tucson Electric Power and from the Central Plant Energy Management Facility. Case Studies 6 • Standford Lithium-Ion Batteries 19 Advantages of using solar with a storage power system Include: • Solar batteries require minimal maintenance. • A solar operation with storage solution provides daily benefits in bill reduction and peak load management. • Pairing of storage with solar reduces the • Likelihood of power outages from grid instability.

PV Installed Buildings

Network

New Battery Storage

Physical Implementation On-Campus PV’s

After updating from the 2035 battery storage, by 2050 all the batteries around campus should be replaced and up to date again in the three campus plants. Battery storage will be running in the three main campus plants to their full potential. The two new battery storage installments in the rest of the campus should be sufficient to store all the energy produced from all the pv’s around campus.

Inverter Charge Controller

Grid Battery Bank Storage in Campus UA Campus

161 Off-Campus PV’s

On and Off-Campus Battery Storage

Policy Implementation Achieving Neutrality | Scope 1, 2, and 3 350,000

Population 43721

Population 48076

Population 51525

Population 55847 Business as Usual 286,719 mTons CO2e

300,000

Resiliency Expansion 0 mTons CO2e 0%

250,000

mTons CO2e

All the accommodated most efficient market technology batteries during this time will be implemented in the three campus plants in a suitable unoccupied dry space. There will need to be maintenance on these batteries and possible replacement in the next ten to fifteen years5. There shall be a system that is primarily designed to provide power over a short time period in order to reduce momentary peak power levels and to improve facility power quality. By 2050 UA will have a storage capacity of 20% of the daily campus need.

200,000 150,000 100,000 58,290 mTons CO2e

50,000

2016 2020

2035 Year

2050

Carbon Long Term | Deep De-Carbonization of Campus Energy Phase 2 | 2050 Timeline for Implementation Campus energy is fossil fuel free. Heat pump phase 2, decommissioning of central plant phase 2, resilience through purchase of battery storage to meet 20% of electrical need. Design Principle Responsible Risk Taking Performance Indicator Fuel Switching Strategies

162

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 8% Reduction found in fuel switching of electricity and electric fuels Total Amount Reduced: 25,905.86 mTons GHG emissions from scope 3 Required Stakeholder Engagement UA Board of Regents, College of Engineering, College of Law, Department of Sustainability + Energy Management, Department of Project Management Potential Funding Sources As turbines operational life ends, replacement funds can be put towards deep de-carbonized options. Case Studies U.S. Deep De-Carbonization Pathways 4 Carbon Neutral Cities Alliance 3 Stanford University

Heat Pump Phase 2 Underground Utility Infrastructure

Co-Gen Plant Decommissioning Phase 2

Physical Implementation

Policy Implementation Energy efficiency is widely considered the first option to pursue in a low carbon portfolio, with value independent of other pathway determinants. In deep de-carbonization cases, coordinating end use choices with other design choices is required to make optimal trade offs between fuel type and efficiency level from the standpoint of cost and emissions.

OSLO VACOUVER SEATTLE PORTLAND SAN FRANCISCO

LONDON TORONTO MINNEAPOLIS BOSTON NEW YORK CITY BOULDER WASHINGTON, DC

STOCKHOLM COPENHAGEN BERLIN YOKOHAMA

RIO DE JANEIRO ADELAIDE

SYDNEY MELBOURNE

163 Carbon Neutral Cities Alliance: A collaboration of international cities committed to achieving aggressive long-term carbon reduction goals. Lets put Tucson on the map!

Achieving Neutrality | Scope 1, 2, and 3 350,000

Population 43721

Population 48076

Population 51525

Population 55847 Business as Usual

300,000

Deep De-Carbonization 8% 25,906 mTons

250,000

mTons CO2e

The following outlines 3 Fuel Switching Strategies from the US Deep Carbonization Report: PETROLEUM • LDVs to hydrogen or electricity • HDVs to LNG, CNG, or Hydrogen • Industrial sector petroleum uses electrified where possible, with the remainder switched to pipeline gas. COAL • No coal energy sources without CCS used in power generation or industry by 2050. • Industrial sector coal uses switched to pipeline gas and electricity. NATURAL GAS • Low carbon energy sources replace most natural gas for power generation. • Switch from gas to electricity in most residential and commercial energy use.

200,000 150,000 100,000 58,290 mTons CO2e

50,000

2016 2020

2035 Year

2050

Carbon Long Term | Renewable Energy Expansion Phase 3 | 2050 2050 Off-Campus Waste to Energy Plant Field:

S Rit a Rd

164

Reduction 9, 11-16 Total Percentage Reduced: 62% scope 1+2 Total Percentage Reduced: 15% scope 3 Total Amount Reduced: 161,627 mTons GHG emissions from scope 1+2 Total Amount Reduced: 13,067 mTons GHG emissions from scope 3

46,760.44 tons 31,142,160 kwh / yr 21,536.76 mTons

2050

I-1

Design Principle Principled and Practical Action Performance Indicator Energy Production

Waste Weight: Electricity Production: Reduction:

S Kolb RD

Timeline for Implementation Over 80% of campus buildings are integrated with PV generation system. Renew and upgrade all the PV panels with solar track system and high performance pieces to reach a double efficiency. Expansion of waste energy facilities.

S Craycroft Rd Plant

Waste Yard 1 Waste Yard 2

2050 Off-Campus Solar Zone: Solar Panel: 5,000 Work Rate: 61 Mw Annual Production: 126,956,800 kwh Reduced Emission: 87,800 mTons

Los Reales Landfill

Required Stakeholder Engagement 10, 17 UA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability, UA Research Gateway, Tucson Electricity Power Company, Tucson City Waste Department. Landfill Organization. Potential Funding Sources 10, 17 Renewable energy expansion project can be incorporated with firms and companies, UA campus can offer vacant land for construction. Case Studies Colorado State University, Foothill campus 18 PV Unavailable

Campus Road

2050 Target Buildings on PV

Physical Implementation According to the lifespan of solar panels, we tend to renew and upgrade all the existing 5,000 PV panels into high performance and solar tracking available, which can double the efficiency. Additionally, all the on-campus building solar panels need to upgrade with solar tracking system. In this way, we can get 54.08% of energy produced by our solar panels. The waste energy will be expanded to city-wide scale to cut off waste emission and cover all the energy demand from the campus. We expect to generate waste energy and reduce 14.65% emission in scope 3. Our waste plant will cooperate with Tucson City Waste Management and burn 32,687 tons of extra MSW to generate all the energy we need.

On-Campus Building PVâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

Off-Campus PVâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Generator

UA Campus Grid UA Waste Plant

165 Renewable Energy Expansion Circulation

Achieving Neutrality | Scope 1, 2, and 3 350,000

Policy Implementation

Population 43721

Population 48076

Population 51525

Population 55847 Business as Usual

300,000 250,000

mTons CO2e

The policy of this final goals is all based on the space that we left after the 2035 implements. To reach the carbon neutrality, we need to generate power all by ourselves and develop more possibility for campus energy manufacture resiliency. The WTE process only release 5.79% emission than doing it by landfill. Therefore, we can both generate renewable electricity and cut down our campus waste emissions.

Transformer

Renewable Energy Expansion 62% 13,067 mTons

200,000 150,000 100,000

58,290 mTons CO2e

50,000

2016 2020

2035 Year

2050

Carbon Long Term | Develop Carbon Offset Plan Phase 3 | 2050 Timeline for Implementation Purchase additional carbon offset credits from outside programs.

Design Principle Principled and Practical Action Performance Indicator Carbon emissions to reach scope 3 carbon neutrality

166

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 17% Total Amount Reduced: 58,290 mTons GHG emissions from scope 3

$ $$ $

Required Stakeholder Engagement UA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability, Regional University Partnership, Administration Potential Funding Sources Individual donations, department and campus carbon tax program. Case Studies California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resource Board provides a range of carbon offset projects and their related data of which are currently being conducted throughout California. 7, 8

University of Arizona

Carbon Offset Purchases

Physical Implementation

PERSONAL CARBON OFFSETS

The purchase of carbon offsets from major carbon offset companies will come from around the country. UA will have no direct connection to the offset projects, thus this phase will be considered a last resort for scope 3 carbon reduction.

more green projects happen

$ Wind Farms

Tree Planting

CO2 Before

Solar Panels

CO2 After

CO2 Offset

167

Buying Carbon Offsets Makes More Green Projects Happen

Personal Carbon Offsets Benefits + Inputs Cycle diagram

In Phase III of the Carbon Offset program the University will purchase the remaining needed carbon offsets to ensure scope 3 carbon neutrality. These purchases will come from outside offset programs around the country and will be verified through the Regional University Partnership developed in previous phases. The amount of carbon offsets purchased will be assessed annually to ensure continual neutrality.

Achieving Neutrality | Scope 1, 2, and 3 350,000

Population 43721

Population 48076

Population 51525

Population 55847 Business as Usual

300,000 250,000

mTons CO2e

Policy Implementation

200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000

Purchase Carbon Offsets 17% 58,290 mTons

2016 2020

2035 Year

2050

168

WATER

NEUTRALITY

169

Water Neutrality Implementations Water related implementations by short, mid and long term to reach water neutrality in 2050 DUAL PLUMBING IN ALL NEW CONSTRUCTION POLICY WATER CENTERED DECISION MAKING POLICY WATER TAX POLICY

MAXIMIZED BUILDING WATER EFFICIENCY RAINWATER HARVESTING STORM WATER (IMPERVIOUS SURFACES)

2016

2020

2035

STORM WATER (PREVIOUS SURFACES) UA WATER HUB SUB METERING EDUCATION

170

DROUGHT TOLERANT PLANT POLICY

Short Term: 2020 1. New Construction Water Efficiency Policy v1.0 2. Drought Tolerant Planting Policy v1.0 3. Water Centered Decision Making Policy v1.0 4. Educated Behavior Change Phase 1 5. Data Driven Water Management Phase 1 6. Maximized Building Water Efficiency Phase 1 7. Expand Rainwater Catchment Phase 1 8. U of A Water Hub Phase 1 9. Active Storm Water Retention and On-site Infiltration Phase 1 10. Passive Storm Water Retention and On-site Infiltration Phase 1

2050

Mid Term: 2035 1. Campus Water Tax Policy v1.0 2. Educated Behavior Change Phase 2 3. Data Driven Water Management Phase 2 4. Maximized Building Water Efficiency Phase 2 5. Expand Rainwater Catchment Phase 2 6. U of A Water Hub Phase 2 7. Resiliency Expansion Phase 1 8. Active Storm Water Retention and On-site Infiltration Phase 2 9. Passive Storm Water Retention and On-site Infiltration Phase 2

Long Term: 2050 1. Expand Rainwater Catchment Phase 3 2. U of A Water Hub Phase 3 3. Resiliency Expansion Phase 2 4. Active Storm Water Retention and On-site Infiltration Phase 3 5. Passive Storm Water Retention and On-site Infiltration Phase 3

171

POLICY: Dual Plumbing in all New Construction POLICY: Water Centered Decision Making

Establish the UA Building Efficiency Fund

All fixture improvements completed on campus

Phase 1 toilet and laboratory equipment update

MAXIMIZED BUILDING WATER EFFICIENCY POLICY: Parking Garage Rainwater Collection

All Rainwater Collection systems integrated

Phase 2 toilet and All toilet and laboratory Phase 1 dual plumbing retrofit to use Water Hub laboratory equipment update equipments updated

Phase 2 | 30%

Phase 2 | 60%

Major campus implementation of Rainwater Collection

Storm Water Management Plan continued

172

2016

Phase 1 Dry Wells

Phase 2 | 30%

Phase 2 | 60%

Phase 2 | 30%

Phase 2 | 60%

2020

Storm Water Management Plan continued

Passive retention and detention strategies for infiltration above the ground landscapes POLICY: New Landscapes

Implementation of Gray Water Collection Infrastructure

Phase 1 | Water Hub

Begin using gray water for uses such as irrigation and toilet flushing Investigation and feasibility study of gray water use on campus

Testing of circuits and processes

Establish protocol for users/ customer requests for data and metering

Lay infrastructure from Water Hub to all central plants for re use.

Grey water Treatment should be in place at least one of the central plants Connect all water, heat, gas and electricity metering, can be interfaced with the system and

Develop strategy for sub-metering within buildings

SUB METERING

Meter Data Management

EDUCATION Building signages

Orientation to water conservation on campus

POLICY: Drought Tolerant Plant Policy

Water scholarship for student water project

UA and Tucson community projects

Connect UofA to other Green class strandard and universities with green feature require as the general education

Water Timeline

ng Hub

POLICY: Water-Zero New Construction policy. Focus on saving water by charge extra tax for large water usage department All buildings have dual plumbing that use water from water hub for toilet flushing.

WATER TAX POLICY Phase 3 | 30%

ation

Rainwater system implemented over majority of campus

Phase 3 | 60%

RAINWATER HARVESTING Replacement of Plumbing System

Phase 2 Dry Wells

Phase 3 | 30%

Phase 3 | 60%

Rainwater system use in irrigation and toilet flushing Phase 3 Dry Wells

STORM WATER (IMPERVIOUS SURFACES)

2035

2050

173

STORM WATER (PREVIOUS SURFACES) Phase 2 | Landscape Policy

Phase 3 | 30%

Phase 3 | 60%

Determine black water treatment district expansion to include all buildings on campus. There will be three districts serving the three plants and treatment

Phase 2 | Water Hub

Detailed timeline to present when each implementation would be apply

System connection to a display interface that allows the whole campus to download water and energy data

PhoneApp shows real time date

Phase 3 | Water Hub

Phase 3 | Landscape Policy

UA WATER HUB Transition usage of treated black water not only to supply the central plants, but also supply water for toilet flushing within buildings.

Water Principle Map

Central Arizona Project

CENTRAL ARIZONA PROJECT

anozirA lartneC tcejorP

Tucson Water 2016 Central Arizona Project

174 2016 WATER SUPPLY

6102 retaW noscuT

Tucson Water 2016

2050 WATER SUPPLIED FROM CAMPUS Tucson

noscuT

Tucson

2020

2035

2050

BEHAVIORAL CHANGE RAINWATER CAPTURE

54% INTEGRATE RAINWATER SYSTEM FOR IRRIGATION AND TOILET FLUSHING

GREY AND BLACK WATER TREATMENT

14% ALL CAMPUS WATER SUPPLIED BY TREATED BLACK WATER

175

STORMWATER

11% DRY WELLS AND WATER STORAGE

100 PERCENT OF CAMPUS CREATES LOCALIZED RETENTION AND DETENTION STRATEGIES

8% 100 PERCENT OF STORMWATER IS RETAINED ON CAMPUS

CAMPUS

13%

Water Master Wedge Diagram

900,000,000

Population 43721

Population 48076

Population 51525

800,000,000 700,000,000 Gallons

176

600,000,000 500,000,000 400,000,000 300,000,000

Well Water Usage

200,000,000 100,000,000 0

2016

2020

2035 Year

Population 55847 858,033,866 Gallons 17,160,667 Gallons 34,321,355 Gallons 17,160,677 Gallons 31,665,225 Gallons 31,665,225 Gallons

2% 4% 2% 4% 5%

Data Driven Water Management

79,163,062 Gallons

10%

Maximized Building Water Efficiency

79,163,062 Gallons

10%

120,124,741 Gallons

14%

Create Campus Water Hub

94,383,725 Gallons

11%

Resiliency Expansion

85,803,387 Gallons

10%

111,544,403 Gallons

13%

68,642,709 Gallons

Business As Usual Water Centered Decision Making Policy Drought Tolerant Planting Water Centered Decision Making Policy Campus Water Tax Policy Educated Behavior Change

Rainwater Catchment

Impervious Storm Water Management Passive Storm water Infiltration

2050

177

Water Strategies system

Rain

Sink

178

Pervious Surfaces

Impervious Surfaces

Campus Buildings

Well Dry Well

Infiltration

Ground Water

Washing Ma

Sink

Washing Machine

Shower

Grey Water

Toilet

Black Water Irrigation

Central Plant University of Arizona Water Hub

Infiltration

179

Water Policy Implementation Policy 1 | New

Construction Water Efficiency Policy V1.01 | 2020 |

The purpose of this policy is to guide the operations of the university to achieve the highest standards in water and carbon usage and waste reduction with consideration of the impact on environmental quality and economic performance. To extent possible, be designed, constructed, renovated, operated, and maintained in accordance with the latest water and carbon efficiency standards and in a manner consistent with the Updated University of Arizona Climate Action Commitment.

180

Policy 2 | Drought

Tolerant Planting Policy V1.02 | 2020 |

The University has made great strides in identifying and preserving its historically significant resources. The intent of this policy is to provide standards for the preservation of native plants and historically significant trees and xeriscape plantings at the University of Arizona.

Policy 3 | New

Landscapes Institute Policy3 | 2020 |

The University of Arizona Landscape Plan focuses on the universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s open-space framework (UofA Mall) and ranges from the broad to the specific. It contains overall guidelines that develop a model for cultural landscape preservation, The intent of this policy is to create localized retention and detention and institute curb cuts and use permeable paving wherever possible.

Water Centered Decision Making Policy V1.04 | 2020 | Policy 4 The degree to which people have altered land and water resources, climate and hydrological dynamics, biodiversity, and bio geochemical cycles in recent decades is unprecedented in human history. The intent of this policy is by using the scope “3“ water (embodied water) for non water intensive manufactures, divest from high water using companies and also purchasing of foods for non potable irrigation.

Maximized Building Efficiency Policy5 | 2020 | Policy 5 Replace all old plumbing to dual plumbing system that use water from “water hub”. This process will have two phases, which started from oldest and lager water consumption buildings to newest buildings and the whole process will take 7-10 years.

Campus Water Tax Policy V1.06 | 2035 | Policy 6 According to the difference among all the departments and colleges on campus, a standard is necessary for regulate the water tax process. The purpose of this policy is set to control and manage the building water usage. All the departments that over-use water will be charged by a accordingly amount of tax for part of their water consumption.

181

Water Short Term | Educated Behavior Change, Phase 1 | 2020 Timeline for Implementation Set up green class standard that require student take at least one sustainable class as general education. Also physically use building signages to promote the idea of sustainable features and expand the impact of Water-Zero concept. Design Principle Transformative Thinking

182

Performance Indicator Educate people to change their behaviors, such as save water from daily life Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 1% Total Amount Reduced: 7,386,401 Gallons Required Stakeholder Engagement UofA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability Potential Funding Sources Set up a fee to students tuition each semester for orientation, tours and phone APP in the future. Case Studies1 University of California - Los Angeles

Event Space

Physical Signages Location

Physical Implementation Set up orientation standard to educate students about sustainable features. Also training faculties to study water related features. Physically encourage to have building signages at dormitories, Cat-Tran stop signs and libraries to promote the importance of Water-Zero. Hold up large sustainable study event in public space, such as student union and mall.

Water Education Program

Signage

Education

183 Lifestyle

Laundry

Elective Class about Water Usage

Tour & Orientation

Student Water Group

Building signage to make water use and conservation strategies more legible, required student and new employee orientation to water (and energy) conservation on campus (part of tour)

All students are required to take the green class standard which is set the sustainable as a general education to take. Require all large water usage consumption buildings have water related sustainable feature signages. The benefit of this process is that it would improve the base understanding of the importance of water neutrality.

Achieving Neutrality | Sustainable Water Management Population 43721

800,000,000

Population 48076 Business as Usual 738,640,145 Gallons Educated Behavior Change 1% 7,386,401 Gallons

700,000,000 600,000,000

Gallons

Policy Implementation

500,000,000 400,000,000

300,000,000 200,000,000

Well Water Usage

100,000,000 0

2016

2020

Year

Water Short Term | Data Driven Water Management, Phase 1 | 2020 Timeline for Implementation Submeter all buildings for water use in the campus and a center of operations for data collection. Phase 1 will be completed by 2020.

CENTRAL DATA COLLECTION

Design Principle Organizational Effectiveness

Performance Indicator Water Reduction, buildings become more water efficient 184

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 5% Total Amount Reduced: 36,932,007 Gallons Required Stakeholder Engagement UofA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability, UofA Computer Science Department Potential Funding Sources Saved through water efficiency improvements Case Studies2 National Science and Technology Council Committee on technology â&#x20AC;&#x153;Sub Metering of Building Energy and Water Usageâ&#x20AC;?

Data Connections

Buildings

Building Submeters

Physical Implementation The system includes the leak detection of Fire hydrants, irrigation, landscape features, the metering of all the buildings in the campus. The metering system for measuring and tracking each buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s water and energy usage. All of data information will be collected to a database center to use. The reporting pressures, flows and water levels at selected points throughout the water supply/distribution network. This is based on flow, pressure and/or level monitoring at major physical structures. It is feasible to analyze each building performance across the whole campus.

The submetering will cover all buildings in the campus are to be checked and maintained. University of Arizona campus facilities effectively manage water usage and water devices to minimize costs under a timebased rate schedule and identify equipment malfunction or impending malfunction. The engineers will use and analyze the data to track each building water use, and ensure each building efficiency in the current and future (Phase 1).

Water meters connect the online server to get real time data

Analysis when and where having most amount water usage

Set the goal and strategies based on the data to reduce the water usage.

Comprehensive sub metering for fire hydrants and related equipment, irrigation, and landscape features

Achieving Neutrality | Sustainable Water Management Population 43721

800,000,000

Population 48076 Business as Usual 738,640,145 Gallons Data Driven Water Management 5% 36,932,007 Gallons

700,000,000 600,000,000

Gallons

Policy Implementation

Using new digital meter to recode water usage of building

500,000,000 400,000,000

300,000,000 200,000,000

Well Water Usage

100,000,000 0

2016

2020

Year

185

Water Short Term | Maximized Building Water Efficiency, Phase 1 | 2020 Timeline for Implementation Replace all old fixture to water saving types on campus, such as lavatories and showers. This retrofitting plan will start from oldest building to newest building. The whole process will take about 3-4 years to accomplish. Design Principle Principled and Practical Action Performance Indicator Water Usage Reduction 186

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 5% Total Amount Reduced: 36,932,007 Gallons Required Stakeholder Engagement UA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability, Arizona Board of Regents Potential Funding Sources3 Please consider the following appropriations for the following: funding the low flow water fixture and auto sensor for lavatories, water saving type fixture for showers. Case Studies4&5 Arizona State University Sustainability Operations and University of California - Los Angeles Water Action Plan

Student Housimg

Toilets

Laboratory

Physical Implementation

Moisture reader connects to moisture sensors and conventional controller

The proposed retrofitting plan will reduce water usage by replace the old and inefficiency fixtures on campus. It will start with the oldest building to newest building. The fixture replacement mainly focus on the shower exchange for dormitories, equipment for laboratories, toilets and lavatories for the whole campus.

= 2.2 GPM = 2.2 GPM

= 0.5 GPM = 0.5 GPM

== 2.5 2.5GPM GPM

= 1.5=GPM 1.5 GPM

187 Sensor relays information Sensor placed in and data over existing ground and connected valve wiring to controller to nearby valve By placing the low flow fixture in the building, reduce the GPMs and have leak detection system check Existing Sprinkler

Require all new constructions having water saving type fixtures for their lavatories and laboratories. All new dormitories are required to have high efficient fixtures for their shower, lavatory and kitchen.

Achieving Neutrality | Sustainable Water Management Population 43721

800,000,000

Population 48076 Business as Usual 738,640,145 Gallons

700,000,000 600,000,000

Gallons

Policy Implementation

System connection through valve box

Maximize Building Water Efficiency 5% 36,932,007 Gallons

500,000,000 400,000,000

300,000,000 200,000,000

Well Water Usage

100,000,000 0

2016

2020

Year

Water Short Term | Expand Rainwater Catchment, Phase 1 | 2020 Timeline for Implementation Develop Rainwater catchment system, Phase 1 Design Principle Principled and Practical Actions Performance Indicator Amount of Rainwater Catchment Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 4% Total Amount Reduced: 29,545,606 Gallons 188

Required Stakeholder Engagement UofA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability, Potential Funding Sources6 Please consider the following appropriations for the following: Funding rebating programs from Tucson, infrastructure revolving funds, grants fund, loan programs and storm water fee discounts Case Studies7&8 St. Aloysius Community Center and Tucson Nature Conservancy

Cisterns

Phase 1 Buildings

Physical Implementation

Rain

Rainwater Harvesting is collecting the rainwater at roof, and used for landscape irrigation in campus. For short term, Phase 1 should be the preparation for future expansion of the system,all parking garage in campus should have the rainwater collection gust at roof and cistern. UofA should redesign the plumbing system for collecting rainwater and landscape irrigation. Also, UofA should figure out the way to storage the rain water in the dry season, so that it could be used all over the years.

Conveyance

189 Cistern

Irrigation

Parking Garages Rainwater harvesting for all parking garages for irrigation

In the New Construction Water Efficiency Policy, all new construction building in campus should have the rainwater collection system at roof. Also, the issue for the future will be the efficiency of rainwater use and maximize the amount of rainwater used into the landscape irrigation. UofA should focus on researching the efficient of rainwater collection and usage and constructing more cistern and gutter for future expansion of rainwater collection system.

Achieving Neutrality | Sustainable Water Management Population 43721

800,000,000

Population 48076 Business as Usual 738,640,145 Gallons

700,000,000 600,000,000

Gallons

Policy Implementation

Expand Rainwater Catchment 4% 29,545,606 Gallons

500,000,000 400,000,000

300,000,000 200,000,000

Well Water Usage

100,000,000 0

2016

2020

Year

Water Short Term | Create Campus Water Hub, Phase 1 | 2020 Timeline for Implementation By 2020, the central plants should be using gray water for process water Design Principle Responsible Risk Taking Performance Indicator Transition to gray water use for process water in central plants

190

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 2% Total Amount Reduced: 14,772,803 Gallons Required Stakeholder Engagement City of Tucson, Facilities management, Campus Plant Managers, potential consultants Potential Funding Sources10 Possible funding can come from research on this system and the city of Tucson. Develop a Water Purchasing Agreement with Sustainable Water group Case Studies9 Emory Water Hub has successfully established a black water treatment facility. The Hub treats over 400,000 gallons of water everyday

Central Plant 1

Central Plant 2

Districts

Proposed Sites

Central Plant 3 Campus

Physical Implementation9 The university will begin to evaluate appropriate areas near central plants for a black water treatment center. Areas around each of the central plants prove to be prime areas, as it will allow for an easy transition from using gray water in central plant process water to using black water. One main site will be determined by 2020 and the needed infrastructure will begin to be put into place.

Lavatory

Portable Water

Laundry

Campus Produced Reclaimed Water

Gray water Treatment

Water Hub

191 Showers Use sewer to transfer the black water into a treatment back to the central plant and make the potable water re-use

Any site deemed appropriate and necessary to the function of the black water treatment system will be taken over and utilized as such. All central plants will be required to first use gray water and transition to black water for process water. All buildings within the designated districts must help to supply the treatment system with both gray water (in 2020) and black water (2035-2050). Dual plumbing will also need to be introduced in 2050 as the final phase of the U of A Water Hub.

Achieving Neutrality | Sustainable Water Management Population 43721

800,000,000

Population 48076 Business as Usual 738,640,145 Gallons

700,000,000 600,000,000

Gallons

Policy Implementation9

Create Campus Water Hub 2% 14,772,803 Gallons

500,000,000 400,000,000

300,000,000 200,000,000

Well Water Usage

100,000,000 0

2016

2020

Year

Water Short Term | Impervious Storm Water Management, Phase 1 | 2020 Timeline for Implementation Develop Active (NonPervious) Storm Water Rentention and On-site Infiltration, Phase 1 Design Principle Principled and Practical Actions Performance Indicator Storm water management plan for 100% on site storm water retention, all water goes into the dry wells, phase 1 192

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 7% Total Amount Reduced: 51,704,810 Gallons Required Stakeholder Engagement UofA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability, UofA Research Gateway Potential Funding Sources Infrastructure Revolving Funds and Grants

District I

Case Studies11 Researches of University of Arizona Green Infrastructure | Surface Water Project and Planning

Phases District

Water Flow

Dry Wells

Storage Tank

Parking Lots

Flood Area + Capture Points

Physical Implementation In Campus, the storm water should be captured from roadways, parking lots, sidewalks, etc... By below ground infiltration (dry wells). For implementation in 2020, campus should finished the construction the ground infiltration in phase 1 which will focused on the southern campus where academic building and residential buildings located the most.

Rain

193 Capture Point

Dry Wells Catchment for below ground infiltration (dry wells)

New construction of roadways, sidewalks and parking lots should have catchments for below ground infiltration (dry wells). Flood areas needs more capture points to have storm water retention on-site, Realize phase 1 for implementation in 2020.

Achieving Neutrality | Sustainable Water Management Population 43721

800,000,000

Population 48076 Business as Usual 738,640,145 Gallons

700,000,000 600,000,000

Gallons

Policy Implementation

500,000,000

Impervious Storm Water Management 7% 51,704,810 Gallons

400,000,000

300,000,000 200,000,000

Well Water Usage

100,000,000 0

2016

2020

Year

Water Short Term | Passive Storm Water Infiltration, Phase 1 | 2020 Timeline for Implementation Develop Passive (Pervious) Storm Water Retention and On-site Infiltration, Phase 1 Design Principle Transformative Thinking

194

Performance Indicator Passive retention and detention strategies for infiltration for above ground. Institute policy for new landscapes to create localized retention and detention, institute curb cuts and use permeable paving wherever possible, also adapt phase 1 of landscape to policy Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 5% Total Amount Reduced: 36,932,007 Gallons Required Stakeholder Engagement UofA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability, UofA Research Gateway Potential Funding Sources Infrastructure Revolving Funds and Grants

District I

Case Studies12 Researched University of California Berkeley Water Action Plan

Phases District

Water Flow Outside of Campus

Curb Cuts

Capture Points

Physical Implementation In UofA campus, pervious place that have passive retention and detention should do more catchment areas and should be more efficiency for infiltration above ground. For implementation in 2020, the pervious storm water should be infiltrate by passive retention and detention in phase 1 which will focused on the southern campus where academic building and residential buildings located the most.

Rain

Curb Cuts

195

Infiltration

Create localized retention and detention and institute curb cuts and use permeable paving wherever possible

The University of Arizona Landscape Plan focuses on the universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s open-space framework (UA Mall) and ranges from the broad to the specific. It contains overall guidelines that develop a model for cultural landscape preservation, The intent of this policy is to create localized retention and detention and institute curb cuts and use permeable paving wherever possible and adapt phase 1 of landscape to policy.

Achieving Neutrality | Sustainable Water Management Population 43721

800,000,000

Population 48076 Business as Usual 738,640,145 Gallons

700,000,000 600,000,000

Gallons

Policy Implementation

500,000,000

Passive Storm Water Infiltration 5% 36,932,007 Gallons

400,000,000

300,000,000 200,000,000

Well Water Usage

100,000,000 0

2016

2020

Year

Water Mid Term | Campus Water Tax Policy V1.0 | 2035 Timeline for Implementation Future step of campus water policy. Cooperated with the Water-Zero new construction policy. Focus on reduce water usage by adding tax for lager water consumption departments. Design Principle Spirited Optimism Performance Indicator Sustainable Operation Policy 196

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 4% Total Amount Reduced: 31,665,225 Gallons Required Stakeholder Engagement UA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability, UA Campus Administration Potential Funding Sources No cost required Case Studies4 University of California Berkeley

High Water Consumption

Mid Water Consumption

Low Water Consumption

Physical Implementation The proposed policy is set to control and manage the building water usage. All the departments that over-use water will be charged by a accordingly amount of tax for part of their water consumption. This implement has a benefit of giving awareness to students and faculties. Everyone has the obligation to reduce unnecessary water usage. However, there are still different situations and discrepancy among all the department and college on campus.

$ UA Well Water

197

Campus water tax diagram

According to the difference among all the departments and colleges on campus, a standard is necessary for regulate the water tax process. For example, dormitories have a larger water consumption than regular class building. We will collect all the dates and set up a average level, which will be the standard for each department. By following the standard, it is easier to regulate the tax charging fairly.

Achieving Neutrality | Sustainable Water Management 800,000,000

Population 43721

Population 48076

Population 51525

700,000,000

500,000,000 400,000,000

300,000,000

Well Water Usage

200,000,000 100,000,000

Business as Usual 791,630,615 Gallons Campus Water Tax 4% 31,665,225 Gallons

600,000,000

Gallons

Policy Implementation

2016

2020

2035 Year

Water Mid Term | Educated Behavior Change, Phase 2 | 2035 Timeline for Implementation Apply the phone app that shows real time date of campus water usage for everyone. Set up community project that connect university to Tucson. Expend tour to all water feature on campus. These will take 4 years to complete. Design Principle Transformative Thinking

198

Performance Indicator Educate people to change their behaviors, such as save water from daily life. Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 4% Total Amount Reduced: 31,665,225 Gallons Required Stakeholder Engagement UA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability Potential Funding Sources Set up a fee to students tuition each semester for orientation, tours and phone app in the future Case Studies2 University of California Los Angeles

Buildings

Central Plant

Date Collection

Date Share

Physical Implementation Coordinate with the “smart” campus project to apply phone app that shows real time date for each department of their water usages on campus. Establish community project that connect university to Tucson that expend the impact of sustainable concept. Required tour for students to take, that shows different features of water related system. The “smart” program and community project will improve the understanding of water sustainable for either students and faculties.

Study

Cooperate

Community Project

Water Usage

Date Collection

Display on Phone App

Phone app date sharing program and community project

All new and valuable water neutrality study originations are required to be funded by the Office of Sustainability. Freshman students are required to take the sustainable features tours. All new buildings are required to join the date share phone app project. It is also necessary to set up a reasonable standard for each building, due to the different water amount consumption. This standard should able to help students and faculties understand the water usage situation.

Achieving Neutrality | Sustainable Water Management 800,000,000

Population 43721

Population 48076

Population 51525

700,000,000

500,000,000 400,000,000

300,000,000

Well Water Usage

200,000,000 100,000,000

Business as Usual 791,630,615 Gallons

Education Behavior Change 4% 31,665,225 Gallons

600,000,000

Gallons

Policy Implementation

2016

2020

2035 Year

199

Water Mid Term | Data Driven Water Management, Phase 2 | 2035 Timeline for Implementation All building water data can be checked through a open access to database, such as digital applications (phone app), enable efficient management to make better decision. To be completed by 2035 in phase II. Design Principle Organizational Effectiveness

200

Performance Indicator Water Reduction, buildings become more water efficient and efficient management to make better decision. Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 10% Total Amount Reduced: 79,163,062 Gallons Required Stakeholder Engagement UA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability, UA Computer Science Department Potential Funding Sources Funding will be saved through water efficiency improvements. Case Studies3 â&#x20AC;&#x153;Smart Campus Implementation based on Internet-by-Designâ&#x20AC;? by the University of Tokyo.

Building Submeters

Existing Buildings

Data Online Network

Physical Implementation In phase II, the data is utilized to create daily or monthly statements of the water usage for its users. It will be a important information for continuous commissioning program to make a better decision to realize the water efficiency of campus buildings. To utilize technology and equipment to realize the open-data, user can to access and to use the data and provide service using the opendata.

Building Meter

Central Database

201 Application (Phone App) Commissioning Program/Public Submetering date network and water consumption links to APP for public using

All buildings on the UA campus will be connected with internet and contributing to the data network. It is extremely important to have an effective monitoring mechanism in place so that failures/threats/ risks can be swiftly identified, and suitable decisions can be made to contain and mitigate their effect. UA campus facilities effectively manage water loads to minimize costs under a time-based rate schedule and identify equipment malfunction or impending malfunction.

Achieving Neutrality | Sustainable Water Management 800,000,000

Population 43721

Population 48076

Population 51525

Business as Usual 791,630,615 Gallons

700,000,000

Data Driven Water Management 10% 79,163,062 Gallons

600,000,000

Gallons

Policy Implementation

500,000,000 400,000,000

300,000,000

Well Water Usage

200,000,000 100,000,000

2016

2020

2035 Year

Water Mid Term | Maximize Building Water Efficiency, Phase 2 | 2035 Timeline for Implementation Replace all old plumbing to dual plumbing system that use water from â&#x20AC;&#x153;water hubâ&#x20AC;?. This process will have two phases, which started from oldest and lager water consumption buildings to newest buildings and the whole process will take 7-10 years. Design Principle Principled and Practical Action Performance Indicator Water Usage Reduction 202

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 10% Total Amount Reduced: 79,163,062 Gallons Required Stakeholder Engagement UA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability, Arizona Board of Regents Potential Funding Sources4 Financial Services Office, University of Arizona investment Office. The University of Arizona Building Efficiency Fund will be established. It will use small bonds to start the increased efficiency of buildings Case Studies5 University of Wisconsin - Whitewate

Water Hub

Campus Reclaimed Water Pipes

Physical Implementation The proposed dual plumbing system will take water from water hub and rain water for toilets flushing. It will reduce the needs for portable water, and increasing the local reclaimed water usage. Also the wasted water can be reuse again by send it to water hub. Portable Water Rain Water UA Reclaimed Water

Dual plumbing system for building

All new constructions on campus are require to have the dual plumbing system. Old buildings will be retrofitted depends on the building ages, start from the oldest building.

Achieving Neutrality | Sustainable Water Management 800,000,000

Population 43721

Population 48076

Population 51525

Business as Usual 791,630,615 Gallons

700,000,000 600,000,000

Gallons

Policy Implementation

Maximize Building Water Efficiency 10% 79,163,062 Gallons

500,000,000 400,000,000

300,000,000

Well Water Usage

200,000,000 100,000,000

2016

2020

2035 Year

203

Water Mid Term | Expanded Rainwater Catchment, Phase 2 | 2035 Timeline for Implementation Develop Rainwater catchment system, Phase 2 Design Principle Principled and Practical Actions Performance Indicator Amount of Rainwater Catchment Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 9% Total Amount Reduced: 71,246,755 gallons 204

Required Stakeholder Engagement UA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability, Potential Funding Sources6 Funding rebating programs from Tucson water, infrastructure revolving funds, grants fund, loan programs and storm water fee discounts Case Studies7&8 Tucson Nature Conservancy and St. Aloysius Community Center

Canopy

Phase 01+Phase 02

Storage Tank

Physical Implementation In the mid term, the system expand based on the exist system of Phase 1. Phase 2 is focus on the building near the Phase 1 and demonstrated building. For dealing with the rainwater that have been stored for a while, a dual filtration step with U.V. Sanitation filters the water to 5 microns and essentially sterilizes the water exiting to the irrigation system to minimize any risk to public health. More than having the rain collection system at roof, UA should started to construct off the solar car shade canopy to collect water at parking lots.

UA should have the policy about all water usage of irrigation should coming from rainwater, and all new construction in campus should have the rainwater collection system. Also, catchment, conveyance and storage should be in the design process to prepare for the construction of Phase 3. Also, the policy about the filtration of rainwater is important to protect the public health.

205

Captured Rainwater

District Storage Tank Rainwater is harvested off buildings and stored for re-use for irrigation

Achieving Neutrality | Sustainable Water Management Population Population 43721 48076

800,000,000

Population 51525

Business as Usual 791,630,615 Gallons

700,000,000 600,000,000

Gallons

Policy Implementation

Stored Rainwater for Irrigation

500,000,000

Rainwater Catchment 9% 71,246,755 Gallons

400,000,000

300,000,000

Well Water Usage

200,000,000 100,000,000

2016

2020

2035 Year

Water Mid Term | Create Campus Water Hub, Phase 2 | 2035 Timeline for Implementation By 2035, black water should be treated and used for process water in the central plants Design Principle Responsible Risk Taking Performance Indicator Treatment of black water, Less potable water use in central plants

206

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 10% Total Amount Reduced: 79,163,062 gallons Required Stakeholder Engagement City of Tucson, Facilities management, Campus Plant Managers Potential Funding Sources9 Possible funding can come from research on this system and the City of Tucson. Continue to develop and refine Water Purchasing Agreement with a company similar to Sustainable Water group Case Studies10 Emory Water Hub utilizes a similar system treat black water. They include demonstration wetlands so that the concept and importance of re-use and infiltration is clear to students and faculty

Central Plant 1 Districts

Central Plant 2 Reclaimed

Central Plant 3 Main Sewer

Physical Implementation Infrastructure will be needed to connect existing buildings black water discharge to the main sewer line and then to the central plants. The plants will be phased one at a time so that the success rate and potable water use reduction can be monitored.

Sink Washing Machine Collection Point

Shower

Overflow to Sewer

Toilet

Screening Biological Treatment Ultra filtration Disinfection Nutrient

Treated Water Storage Central Plant for use in Cooling Towers

Filtration Process

207

Gray water flow chart for U of A Water Hub

Existing buildings will slowly be converted to drain all black water to the closest central plant and black water treatment facility. All new buildings will similarly need the infrastructure to connect to this network. The systems will be phased by a district of buildings and a central plant, and then be implemented on all other central plants and districts once the system is considered to be efficient and effective. Buildings will also eventually be phased to utilize the treated water in Phase 3 of the U of A water hub

Achieving Neutrality | Sustainable Water Management Population Population 43721 48076

800,000,000

Population 51525

Business as Usual 791,630,615 Gallons

700,000,000 600,000,000

Gallons

Policy Implementation

500,000,000

Create Campus Water Hub 10% 79,163,062 Gallons

400,000,000

300,000,000

Well Water Usage

200,000,000 100,000,000

2016

2020

2035 Year

Water Mid Term | Resiliency Expansion, Phase 1 | 2035 Timeline for Implementation By 2035, reclaimed and potable water loops maintained solely by the U of A should be effective Design Principle Responsible Risk Taking Performance Indicator Steady reduced potable water use

208

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 10% Total Amount Reduced: 79,163,062 gallons Required Stakeholder Engagement City of Tucson, Facilities management, Campus Plant Managers, Central Arizona Project Managers Potential Funding Sources Possible funding can come from research on these systems ,the City of Tucson, Water conservation organization grants

Additional Research11 With the concept of water wars on the horizon, The Central Arizona Project has become less realistic in meeting Tucsonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s water needs. Measures must be taken to retain and recharge water sources

Areas decreasing potable water use Areas increasing black water use

Areas increasing storm water retention

Areas increasing gray water use

Areas increasing rainwater retention

ed im cla

Reclaimed Water Loop

io at

Strom water

ig Irr

Drought Tolerant Planting

ain

r te

The storm water, rainwater, and U of A Water Hub systems and networks will continue to expand. This allows for the campus to take steps towards independence and the ability to recharge ground water and wells on its own, rather than relying on water sourced from off site and out of state. The campus at this point, will be making great progress towards independence and resiliency.

A ub of r H U ate W

Physical Implementation

W at

U of A Potable Water Loop

209 Groundwater

Through water resiliency, the campus can thrive even in extreme desert conditions.

As water becomes more and more of a scarce resource, it is important that the university is able to sustain itself off of water that is captured and treated on site. Because of this, all buildings on campus will be required to capture rainwater, link to the black water treatment facility, and infiltrate any storm water than is captured on site. All new buildings are to be designed with this idea of independence from city water in mind, as well as being designed to be resilient and withstand any drought or water crisis.

Achieving Neutrality | Sustainable Water Management Population Population 43721 48076

800,000,000

Population 51525

Business as Usual 791,630,615 Gallons

700,000,000 600,000,000

Gallons

Policy Implementation

500,000,000 400,000,000

Resiliency Expansion 10% 79,163,062 Gallons

300,000,000

Well Water Usage

200,000,000 100,000,000

2016

2020

2035 Year

Water Mid Term | Impervious Storm Water Management, Phase 2 | 2035 Timeline for Implementation Develop Active (NonPervious) Storm Water Rentention and On-site Infiltration, Phase 2 Design Principle Principled and Practical Actions Performance Indicator Storm water management plan for 100% on site storm water retention, all water goes into the dry wells, phase 2 210

District II

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 11% Total Amount Reduced: 87,079,368 Gallons Required Stakeholder Engagement UofA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability, UofA Research Gateway Potential Funding Sources Infrastructure Revolving Funds and Grants Case Studies12 Researches of University of Arizona Green Infrastructure | Surface Water Project and Planning

Phases District

Water Flow

Dry Wells

Storage Tank

Parking Lots

Flood Area + Capture Points

Physical Implementation Rain

In Campus, the storm water should be captured from roadways, parking lots, sidewalks, etc... By below ground infiltration (dry wells). For implementation in 2035, campus should finished the construction the ground infiltration in phase 2 which will focused on the Central campus where academic buildings and more residential buildings located.

Catchment Point

Below Ground Infiltration (Dry Wells)

Catchment Point

Catchment for below ground infiltration (dry wells)

Achieving Neutrality | Sustainable Water Management 800,000,000

Population 43721

Population 48076

Population 51525

Business as Usual 791,630,615 Gallons

700,000,000 600,000,000

Gallons

Policy Implementation

500,000,000 400,000,000

300,000,000

Impervious Storm Water Management 11% 87,079,368 Gallons

Well Water Usage

200,000,000 100,000,000

2016

2020

2035 Year

211

Water Mid Term | Passive Storm Water Infiltration, Phase 2 | 2035 Timeline for Implementation Develop Passive (Pervious) Storm Water Retention and On-site Infiltration, Phase 2 Design Principle Transformative Thinking

212

District II

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 5% Total Amount Reduced: 39,581,531 Gallons Required Stakeholder Engagement UofA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability, UofA Research Gateway Potential Funding Sources Infrastructure Revolving Funds and Grants Case Studies13 Researched University of California Berkeley Water Action Plan

Phases District

Water Flow Outside of Campus

Curb Cuts

Capture Points

Physical Implementation

Rain

In UofA campus, pervious place that have passive retention and detention should do more catchment areas and should be more efficiency for infiltration above ground. For implementation in 2035, the pervious storm water should be infiltrate by passive retention and detention in phase 2 which will focused on the Central campus where academic buildings and more residential buildings located.

Native Soils Gravel Bed

Sand Layer

213 Infiltration Create localized retention and detention and institute curb cuts and use permeable paving wherever possible

Achieving Neutrality | Sustainable Water Management 800,000,000

Population 43721

Population 48076

Population 51525

Business as Usual 791,630,615 Gallons

700,000,000 600,000,000

Gallons

Policy Implementation

500,000,000 400,000,000

300,000,000

Passive Storm Water Infiltration 5% 39,581,531 Gallons

Well Water Usage

200,000,000 100,000,000

2016

2020

2035 Year

Water Long Term | Expand Rainwater Catchment, Phase 3 | 2050 Timeline for Implementation Rainwater catchment phase 3 will connect the rainwater catchment phase 2. Expend the water catchment to most of buildings on campus, except special policy protected project, such as Old Main. Design Principle Principled and Practical Action Performance Indicator Amount of Rainwater Catchment 214

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 14% Total Amount Reduced: 120,124,741 Gallons Required Stakeholder Engagement UA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability Potential Funding Sources Please consider the following appropriations for the following: Funding rebating programs from Tucson Water, infrastructure revolving funds, grants fund, loan programs and storm water fee discounts Case Studies1 St. Aloysius Community Center and Tucson Nature Conservancy

Canopy

Phase 01+Phase 02+Phase 03

Storage Tank

Physical Implementation

Stored Rainwater for Irrigation

In the mid term, the system expand based on the exist system of Phase 1. Phase 2 is focus on the building near the Phase 1 and demonstrated building. For dealing with the rainwater that have been stored for a while, a dual filtration step with U.V. Sanitation filters the water to 5 microns and essentially sterilizes the water exiting to the irrigation system to minimize any risk to public health. More than having the rain collection system at roof, UA should started to construct off the solar car shade surfaces to collect water at parking lots.

District Storage Tank

Rain water catchment diagram

Achieving Neutrality | Sustainable Water Management 900,000,000

Population 43721

Population 48076

Population 51525

Population 55847 Business as Usual

858,033,866 Gallons

800,000,000 700,000,000

Gallons

Policy Implementation

Captured Rainwater from Buildings

600,000,000

District Storage Tank

500,000,000

Expand Rainwater Catchment 14% 120,124,741 Gallons

400,000,000 300,000,000 200,000,000

Well Water Usage

100,000,000 0

2016

2020

2035 Year

2050

215

Water Long Term | Create Campus Water Hub, Phase 3 | 2050 Timeline for Implementation By 2050, the central plants and buildings should be utilizing treated black water Design Principle Responsible Risk Taking Performance Indicator Treatment of black water, Reduction in potable water use in buildings due to treated black water re-use for toilet flushing 216

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 11% Total Amount Reduced: 94,383,725 gallons Required Stakeholder Engagement City of Tucson, Facilities management, Campus Plant Managers Potential Funding Sources2 Possible funding can come from research on this system,the City of Tucson, and tour revenue generated by visitors from other universities or professions. Continue to develop and refine the Water Purchasing agreement with a company similar to Sustainable Water group Case Studies3 Emory Water Hub treats water from the entire campus in one facility with the addition of demonstration artificial wetlands. The U of A Water Hub will have 3 hubs to treat water in smaller, localized batches

Central Plant 1

Central Plant 2

Central Plant 3

District 1

District 2

District 3

Main Sewer

Campus Reclaimed

Potable Water

Physical Implementation3 The expansion of the treated black water for more than just the central plants will continue to reduce the amount of potable water used. Infrastructure will be needed so that the participating buildings can be dual plumbed and are able to discharge the black water for treatment and receive the water for re-use. This retrofit can be addressed while dual plumbing is being implemented for rain water re-use for older buildings and should be in place for new buildings.

Sink

Potable Water

Washing Machine

Shower

Toilet

Gray Water

Black Water

Irrigation Central Plant

Campus Buildings

U of A Water Hub

Well

Excess Water

Infiltration

Ground Water Overall water flow chart for U of A Water Hub

All buildings contributing to the black water system will be dual plumbed to both supply black water and receive the treated water. All new buildings will also link into this system and be dual plumbed. The treated black water will be used solely for toilet flushing at this point, will potential future expansion to other uses as a viable option.

Achieving Neutrality | Sustainable Water Management 900,000,000

Population 43721

Population 48076

Population 51525

Population 55847 Business as Usual

858,033,866 Gallons

800,000,000 700,000,000

Gallons

Policy Implementation3

600,000,000 500,000,000

400,000,000 300,000,000 200,000,000

Create Campus Water Hub 11% 94,383,725 Gallons

Well Water Usage

100,000,000 0

2016

2020

2035 Year

2050

217

Water Long Term | Resiliency Expansion, Phase 2 | Timeline for Implementation By 2050, the campus should be self-reliant in its water supply and independent of CAP water Design Principle Responsible Risk Taking Performance Indicator U of Aâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ability to be self-sustaining and be weaned off of Central Arizona Project Water

218

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 10% Total Amount Reduced: 85,803,387 gallons Required Stakeholder Engagement City of Tucson, Facilities management, Campus Plant Managers, Central Arizona Project Managers Colorado River research foundations Potential Funding Sources Possible funding can come from research on these systems ,the City of Tucson, Water conservation organizations Additional Research4 If Arizona experiences another serious 6 year drought Lake Powell will run dry, rendering Tucson helpless in the face of the water crisis. Water conservation and retention must begin now in order to prepare for this potential threat. Areas decreasing potable water use Areas increasing black water use

Areas increasing storm water retention

Areas increasing gray water use

Areas increasing rainwater retention

m ed

Reclaimed Water Loop

tio Strom water

ga Irri Central Arizona Project

City Water

t wa

ain

W at

U of A Potable Water Loop

219 Groundwater The campus will have the ability to â&#x20AC;&#x153;cut tiesâ&#x20AC;? with CAP water and be self-reliant

Achieving Neutrality | Sustainable Water Management 900,000,000

Population 43721

Population 48076

Population 51525

Population 55847 Business as Usual

858,033,866 Gallons

800,000,000 700,000,000

Gallons

Looking forward, it is important that the university continues to maintain these systems for the sake of independence and resiliency. The campus will be required to operate mainly off of its closed loop systems, and will tap into Central Arizona Project water only in cases of severe drought or emergency.

Re cla i

Because the campus will be demonstrating more of a selfsustaining, closed-loop system in 2050, the reliance on city water and Central Arizona Project water will decrease. The campus will have a potable water loop consisting of storm water and rainwater and how that can be infiltrated to recharge ground water and wells. The campus will also have a reclaimed water loop dealing with reclaimed water for irrigation and treated water from the water hub. This results in less overall potable water use.

Policy Implementation

A ub of r H U ate W

Physical Implementation4

600,000,000 500,000,000

400,000,000 300,000,000 200,000,000

Resiliency Expansion 10% 85,803,387 Gallons

Well Water Usage

100,000,000 0

2016

2020

2035 Year

2050

Water Long Term | Impervious Storm Water Management, Phase 3 | 2050 Timeline for Implementation Develop Active (NonPervious) Storm Water Rentention and On-site Infiltration, Phase 3 Design Principle Principled and Practical Actions

District III

Performance Indicator Storm water management plan for 100% on site storm water retention, all water goes into the dry wells, phase 3 220

Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 13% Total Amount Reduced: 111,544,403 Gallons Required Stakeholder Engagement UofA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability, UofA Research Gateway Potential Funding Sources Infrastructure Revolving Funds and Grants Case Studies5 Researches of University of Arizona Green Infrastructure | Surface Water Project and Planning

Phases District

Parking Lots Storage Tank

Dry Wells

Flood Area + Capture Points

Physical Implementation In Campus, the storm water should be captured from roadways, parking lots, sidewalks, etc... By below ground infiltration (dry wells). For implementation in 2050, campus should finished the construction the ground infiltration in phase 3 which will focused on the medical center.

Parking Lot

Inlet Below Ground Infiltration (Dry Wells) Catchment for below ground infiltration (dry wells)

Achieving Neutrality | Sustainable Water Management 900,000,000

Population 43721

Population 48076

Population 51525

Population 55847 Business as Usual

858,033,866 Gallons

800,000,000 700,000,000

Gallons

Policy Implementation

600,000,000 500,000,000

400,000,000 300,000,000 200,000,000

Well Water Usage Impervious Storm Water Management 13% 111,544,403 Gallons

100,000,000 0

2016

2020

2035 Year

2050

221

Water Long Term | Passive Storm Water Infiltration, Phase 3 | 2050 Timeline for Implementation Develop Passive (Pervious) Storm Water Retention and On-site Infiltration, Phase 3 Design Principle Transformative Thinking

222

District III

Performance Indicator Passive retention and detention strategies for infiltration for above ground. Institute policy for new landscapes to create localized retention and detention, institute curb cuts and use permeable paving wherever possible, also adapt phase 3 of landscape to policy % Reduction Total Percentage Reduced: 8% Total Amount Reduced: 68,642,709 Gallons Required Stakeholder Engagement UofA Campus Facilities, Office of Sustainability, UofA Research Gateway Potential Funding Sources Infrastructure Revolving Funds and Grants Case Studies6 Researched University of California Berkeley Water Action Plan

Phases District

Curb Cuts

Capture Points

Physical Implementation Rain

In UofA campus, pervious place that have passive retention and detention should do more catchment areas and should be more efficiency for infiltration above ground. For implementation in 2050, the pervious storm water should be infiltrate by passive retention and detention in phase 3 which will focused on the medical center.

Native Soils

Gravel Bed

Sand Layer

Infiltration

223

Create localized retention and detention and institute curb cuts and use permeable paving wherever possible

Achieving Neutrality | Sustainable Water Management 900,000,000

Population 43721

Population 48076

Population 51525

Population 55847 Business as Usual

858,033,866 Gallons

800,000,000 700,000,000

Gallons

Policy Implementation

600,000,000 500,000,000

400,000,000 300,000,000 200,000,000

Well Water Usage

100,000,000 0

2016

2020

2035 Year

2050

Passive Storm Water Infiltration 8% 68,642,709 Gallons

Reference Index Chapter 2 Who We Are Resources

“About Tech Parks Arizona—national Research Park Leader.” The University of Arizona. Web. 24 Sept. 2016.

http://capla.arizona.edu/soa-sustainability-pedagogy

Chapter 3 Education Travel Resources

224

“EcoDistricts Program” 2016. EcoDistricts Website. EcoDistricts. Date Accessed: 10/24/2016. http://www.summit.ecodistricts. or g/program/full-program/

”EcoDistricts Accreditation PowerPoint Slide 8” 2016. EcoDistricts Accreditation PowerPoint.

“EcoDistricts Accreditation PowerPoint Slide 4” 2016. EcoDistricts Accreditation PowerPoint.

“EcoDistricts Accreditation PowerPoint Slide 45” 2016. EcoDistricts Accreditation PowerPoint.

“EcoDistricts Accreditation PowerPoint Slide 46” 2016. EcoDistricts Accreditation PowerPoint.

“Imperatives Logos” 2016. Edited from:- EcoDistricts Protocol Certification Handbook Page 3

“Priorities Logos and definitions” 2016. Edited from:- EcoDistricts Protocol Certification Handbook Page 3

“Implementation Logos” Edited from:- EcoDistricts Protocol Certification Handbook Page 3

“Colorado State University Campus Map” Accessed on Web: Http://maps.colostate.edu/ on 10/24/2016

“CSU Earth Flow Composter Picture” Accessed on Web. Http://compostingtechnology.com/wp-content/uploads/bfi_thumb/unnamed-1-mwjmggwmwmc51zz7y0ygssf5e8n2giftdchjwkjf94.jpg on 10/24/2016

“Colorado State University Aerial View” Accessed on Web. Http://www.natsci.colostate.edu/wp-content/uploads/ sites/2/2013/07/Laurel-Village-Schematics.jpg on 10/24/2016

“National Renewable Energy Laboratory Wikipedia Page” Accessed on Web. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory on 10/24/2016

“NREL logo” Accessed on Web. http://www.solardecathlon.gov/commstandards/event-logos.html on 10/24/2016

“Image of NREL” Accessed on Web. http://www.buildings.com/article-details/articleid/15118/title/maximizing-the-maxed-improving-design-of-one-leed-platinum-to-earn-another.aspx on 10/24/2016

Chapter 4 Historic Atlas Past Resources

“About Tech Parks Arizona—national Research Park Leader.” The University of Arizona. Web. 24 Sept. 2016.

“UA History and Traditions | The University of Arizona ...” The University of Arizona. Web. 24 Sept. 2016.

“University of Arizona | Best College | US News.” U.S News and World Report. Web. 24 Sept. 2016.

Infrastructure + Resilience Present Resources

image 1

https://www.google.com/maps/@32.2407794,-110.9478585,3a,47.1y,307.21h,92.69t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sx32vFC-bXkD89tXZAubimage 2

https://www.google.com/maps/@32.2373027,-110.9514224,3a,60y,321.68h,99.63t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1s6I9etbmqFoWj4o089Wimage 3

https://www.google.com/maps/@32.2294833,-110.9529888,3a,60y,31.43h,95.91t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sZmwowr1HNprMIOA7BkqXimage 4

https://www.google.com.hk/search?q=McClelland+Hall&biw=1412&bih=1006&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjooo7DyufPAhimage 5

https://www.google.com.hk/search?biw=1412&bih=1006&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=Second+St.+Garage&oq=Second+St.+Garage&gs_l=i image 6

https://www.google.com.hk/search?q=McClelland+Park&biw=1412&bih=1006&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQhfimage 7

https://www.google.com.hk/search?biw=1412&bih=1006&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=Hillenbrand+Diving+Facility&oq=Hillenbrand+Diving+Faciliimage 8

https://www.google.com.hk/search?q=Student+Recreation+Center+UA&biw=1412&bih=1006&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0a-

225

Connection Map Resources

“UA BIcycle Services | Bicycle Station.” N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Oct. 2016.

“University of Arizona Compost Cats - Home.” N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Oct. 2016.

“Sun Link - The Tucson Streetcar.” N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Oct. 2016.

Culture + Place Resources

“Green Guides.” Institute of the Environment. University of Arizona, Web. 07 Sept. 2016. <http://www.environment.arizona.edu/green-guides>.

226

“USGS National Geologic Map Database.” USGS National Geologic Map Database. U.S. Department of the Interior, Web. 07 Sept. 2016. <http:// ngmdb.usgs.gov/>. “Stamen Maps - Toner.” Maps.stamen.com. Stemen Design, Web. 07 Sept. 2016. <http://maps.stamen.com/>. “Sustainable UA.” Office of Sustainability. University of Arizona, Web. 07 Sept. 2016. <http://sustainability.arizona.edu/>. “Environmental Arts and Humanities.” Environment. University of Arizona, Web. 07 Sept. 2016. <http://www.portal.environment.arizona.edu/>. “2015-16 Fact Book - Colleges and Schools” University of Arizona. Web. 18 Sept. 2016. <http://factbook.arizona.edu/>. “Sustainability.” Planning, Design, & Construction. University of Arizona, Web. 18 Sept. 2016. <http://www.pdc.arizona.edu/sustainability>. The University of Arizona.: AASHE, 2014. Sierra Club. Campus Sustainability Data Collector, 28 Feb. 2014. Web. 18 Sept. 2016. <http://www. sierraclub.org/sites/www.sierraclub.org/files/sierra/coolschools/2014/pdfs/2014-02-28-university-of-arizona-az.pdf>. “US News Best Colleges - University of Arizona.” US News and World Report. Web. 18 Sept. 2016. <http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews. com/best-colleges/university-of-arizona-1083/>. Timmerman, Bill. “Meinel Optical Science Building / Richärd+bauer.” Digital image. Archdaily. 5 May 2011. <http://www.archdaily.com/130522/ meinel-optical-sciences-building-richardbauer/>. GLN/Richard & Bauer. “Environment and Natural Resources Building.” Digital image. Arizona Public Media. 9 Apr. 2015. <https://media.azpm.org/ master/image/2015/4/6/spot/birds-eye-spot.jpg>.

Chapter 5

Resources | Images

Colorado State University

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

CSU Campus Rec

The Campus and Cambridge

GHG Report for Colorado State University

MIT’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory

Colorado State University’s Carbon Footprint

10.

MIT’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory

Colorado State University Climate Action Plan

11.

2016 MIT Campus Facts

Digital image. Flickr.com. Colorado State University, 25 July 2011. Web. 24 Oct. 2016. <Https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5483/11651805695_db598219d7_z. jpg>

Second Nature Reporting System. Colorado State University, 9 Sept. 2014. Web. 23 Oct. 2016. <Http://reporting.secondnature.org/ghg/3208/>

Colorado State University Facilities Management. Colorado State University, 2012. Web. 23 Oct. 2016. <Http://www.fm.colostate.edu/sustain/downloads/ CSU_CarbonFootprint.pdf>

MIT 2016. Celebrating a Century in Cambridge, website, accessed October 2016.

Website, accessed October 2016. <Https://sustainability.mit.edu/ghginventory>

PDF, accessed October 2016. <Https://sustainability.mit.edu/sites/default/ files/images/MIT%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Inventory%20-%2020142015%20Data_1.pdf>

Website, accessed October 2016. <Http://web.mit.edu/facts/faqs.html>

Colorado State University Facilities Management. Colorado State University, July 2015. Web. 23 Oct. 2016. <Http://www.fm.colostate.edu/sustain/downloads/CAP_2015_Executive_Summary.pdf>

Rice University Cornell Tech Campus

Aerial Shot of Cornell University

GHG Report for Cornell University

Cornell Tech Campus

Digiral image. Cornell Tech. Cornell University, 2016. Web. 23 Oct. 2016. <Http://tech.cornell.edu/future-campus>

Second Nature Reporting System. Cornell University, 13 Jan. 2015. Web. 23 Oct. 2016. <Http://reporting.secondnature.org/ghg/3433/>

Cornell Tech. Cornell University, 2016. Web. 23 Oct. 2016. <Http://tech. cornell.edu/future-campus>

12.

Rice University

13.

GHG Report for Rice University

14.

Rice University’s Integrated Climate and Energy Master Plan

Digital image. My Atlas CMS. Google Maps, 2016. Web. 23 Oct. 2016. <Https://myatlascms.com/map/?id=473#!ct/13398>

Website, accessed October 2016. <Http://reporting.secondnature.org/ ghg/2979/. Second Nature Inc>

Bjorklund, Abbe E., Richard Johnson, Tom Schubbe, and John Carlson. Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment 35.3 (2015): 32-42. Web.

15.

Net Zero Carbon Path in District’s Future

Web. 25 Oct. 2016. <Http://www.naylornetwork.com/asb-nwl/pdf/SBA_ Nov_2015_Is_a_NetZero.pdf>

227

Stanford University

California Institute of Technology

16.

Aerial Shot of Stanford University

25.

Reducing Water Footprint

17.

Stanford University Energy and Climate Plan

26.

Campus Water Usage 2015

18.

About Stanford University

27.

Grey Water Treatment System

Digital Image. Waqas Mustafeez, May, 2008. Web. 23 Oct. 2016. <Https:// c1.staticflickr.com/3/2283/2474951950_3cc315ddf8_b.jpg>

2015. Sustainable Stanford. Stanford University. Web. 22 Oct. 2016. <Http:// sustainable.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/E%26C%20Plan%202016.6.7.pdf>

Pdf. 26 Oct. 2016. <Http://www.sustainability.caltech.edu/documents/169-water_infographic_final.pdf>

Web. 26 Oct. 2016. <Http://www.sustainability.caltech.edu/water>

Web. 26 Oct. 2016. <Http://www.zgf.com>

Stanford University. Stanford University, 2016. Web. 23 Oct. 2016. <Http:// www.stanford.edu/about/>

Arizona State University California Institute of Technology 228

19. 20.

Environmental Photos

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28.

Arizona State University Aerial Photo

29.

Campus Water Usages

30.

Arizona State University Sustainability Plan

GHG Goals & Strategies

Caltech Sustainability. California Institute of Technology, 2013. Web. 2 Oct. 2016. <Https://sustainability.caltech.edu/documents/100-climate_scope_ and_goals_final_rev130503_.pdf>

21.

Sustainability at Caltech

22.

California Energy Conservation Investment Program

23.

Water Management Overview

24.

Caltech Greenhouse Gas Mitigatjon Project Summary

Web. 23 Oct. 2016. <Https://sustainability.caltech.edu/>

Web. 2 Oct. 2016. <Http://sustainability.caltech.edu/documents/59-cecip_ summary_brief_-_april_2011.pdf>.

Web. 23 Oct. 2016. <Https://sustainability.caltech.edu/documents/156-water_management_overview.pdf>.

Web. 2 Oct. 2016. <Https://www.sustainability.caltech.edu/documents/42-ghg_mitigation_project_analysis_web.pdf>.

Web. 26 Oct. 2016. <Http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/42860753. jpg>

Web. 26 Oct. 2016. <Https://stars.aashe.org/institutions/arizona-state-university-az/report/2014-02-28/OP/water/OP-26/>

Web. 26 Oct. 2016. <Http://sustainability.asu.edu/resources/strategic-sustainability-plan/>

University of California Berkeley

31.

University of California Berkeley Aerial Photo

32.

University of California Berkeley Water Action Plan

Web. 26 Oct. 2016. <Http://www.youvisit.com/tour/60101/79866/>

Web. 26 Oct. 2016. <Http://sustainability.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/ UCBERKELEYWATERACTIONPLANv7.docx.

33.

Steam Tunnels at UC Berkeley

34.

University of California Berkeley Informations

35.

Principles of Community

Web. 26 Oct. 2016. <Https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~fricke/undercal/>

University of California San Diego

39.

University California of San Diego Aerial Photo

40.

University of California San Diego Water Action Plan

41.

University California San Diego Water Saving Diagram

Web. 26 Oct. 2016. <Http://neurosciences.ucsd.edu/centers/huntingtons-disease/pages/default.aspx>

Web. 26 Oct. 2016. <Http://aquaholics.ucsd.edu/_files/wateractionplan.pdf>

Web. 26 Oct. 2016. <Http://ucpa.ucsd.edu/resources/campus-profile>

Web. 26 Oct. 2016. <Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley>

Web. 26 Oct. 2016. <Http://diversity.berkeley.edu/principles-community>

University of California Los Angeles

36.

University of California Los Angeles Aerial Photo

37.

University of California Los Angeles Water Usage

38.

University of California Los Angeles Water Action Plan

Web. 26 Oct. 2016. <Http://i.huffpost.com/gen/1963844/images/o-UCLA-CAMPUS-facebook.jpg>

Web. 26 Oct. 2016. <Http://grandchallenges.ucla.edu/>

Web. 26 Oct. 2016. <Http://ucop.edu/sustainability/_files/water/ucla-water-action-plan.pdf>

229

Chapter 6

Resources | Images

230

Population in University of Arizona

Carbon Past & Current Baseline Data

University of Arizona Water Use

Water Usage Data on Campus

History Rainfall Data

10.

Climate Change 2007 The Physical Science Basis

11.

Southwest Climate Change Precipitation

Web. Http://reporting.secondnature.org/search/?abs=&q=University%20 of%20Arizona

Pdf. Http://rs.acupcc.org/site_media/uploads/cap/967-cap_1.pdf

Web. Http://reporting.secondnature.org/ghg/3885/

Web. Http://reporting.secondnature.org/ghg/3573/

Web. Http://reporting.secondnature.org/ghg/2018/

Web. Http://reporting.secondnature.org/ghg/1110/

Pdf. Https://wrrc.arizona.edu/sites/wrrc.arizona.edu/files/UofA%20Water%20 Use.pdf

Web. Https://stars.aashe.org/institutions/university-of-arizona-az/report/2012-02-10/OP/water/OP-22/

Web. Https://www.wunderground.com/history/

Pdf. Https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-frontmatter.pdf

Web. Http://www.southwestclimatechange.org/climate/southwest/precipitation-changes#observations

Chapter 7

Carbon 2020 Resources

1. 2.

Eco-Rep Program for Education Pdf. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://www.aashe.org/files/documents/resources/ eco-reps_guide.pdf>

Submetering of Building Energy and Water Usage Pdf. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/uploadedFiles/Resource_Center/Library/submetering/NIST-2011-Submetering-of-Energy-and-Water-Use.pdf>

Strategic Plan for Sustainability Practices and Operations

10.

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm/ data/index.cfm?page=biomass_waste_to_energy>

11.

Tech Parks Arizona

12.

Interim Strategic Plan 2014-2018 - University of Arizona

Harvard University Sustainability Plan

13.

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://issuu.com/greenharvard/docs/harvard_ sustainability_plan-web/1>

ASU strategic plan for sustainability practices and operations

Harvard University Sustainability Plan

14.

“Duke University Carbon Offset Initiative”

15.

“Compliance Offset Program“ - California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resource Board

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://issuu.com/greenharvard/docs/harvard_ sustainability_plan-web/1>

Stanford Energy Retrofit Program Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://lbre.stanford.edu/sem/energy_retrofit_program#window>

University of California Energy Efficiency

Office of Sustainability - University of Arizona

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://www.ucop.edu/facilities-management-services/programs-initiatives/energy-efficiency.html>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://sustainability.arizona.edu/>

Colorado State University Climate Action Plan 2010 Pdf. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://www.fm.colostate.edu/sustain/downloads/ climate_action_plan_2010.pdf>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://sustainability.asu.edu/resources/strategic-sustainability-plan/

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://techparks.arizona.edu/leading-edge/ solar-zone>

Pdf. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://facultygovernance.arizona.edu/sites/facgov/files/note_strategic_plan_fy_2013v2.pdf>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://sustainability.asu.edu/resources/strategic-sustainability-plan/>

Independent Statistics & Analysis - U.S. Energy Information Administration

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://sustainability.duke.edu/carbon_offsets/ purchase/purchasingguide.pdf>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/offsets/ offsets.htm>

16.

Independent Statistics & Analysis - U.S. Energy Information Administration Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm/ data/index.cfm?page=biomass_waste_to_energy>

231

Carbon 2035 Resources

Eco-Rep Program for Education

“Energy-Smart Buildings - Demonstrating How Information Technology Can Cut Energy Use and Costs of Real Estate Portfolios”

Pdf. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://www.aashe.org/files/documents/resources/ eco-reps_guide.pdf>

Pdf. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://czgbc.org/energy-smart-buildings-whitepaper.pdf>

232

“Submetering of Building Energy and Water Usage - Analysis and Recommendations of the Subcommittee on Building Technology Research and Development” Pdf. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/uploadedFiles/Resource_Center/Library/submetering/NIST-2011-Submetering-of-Energy-and-Water-Use.pdf>

Strategic plan for sustainability practices and operations Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://sustainability.asu.edu/resources/strategic-sustainability-plan/>

Harvard University Sustainability Plan

Strategic plan for sustainability practices and operations

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://issuu.com/greenharvard/docs/harvard_ sustainability_plan-web/1>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://sustainability.asu.edu/resources/strategic-sustainability-plan/>

Harvard University Sustainability Plan

Stanford Energy Retrofit Program

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://issuu.com/greenharvard/docs/harvard_ sustainability_plan-web/1>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://lbre.stanford.edu/sem/energy_retrofit_program#window>

University of California Energy Efficiency

10.

Colorado State University Climate Action Plan 2010

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://www.ucop.edu/facilities-management-services/programs-initiatives/energy-efficiency.html>

Pdf. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://www.fm.colostate.edu/sustain/downloads/ climate_action_plan_2010.pdf>

11.

Stanford Energy Retrofit Program

12.

Energy Star Website

13.

University of Oregon Lighting Retrofit

14.

Stanford- Lithium-Ion Batteries

15.

Solar + Storage for Resiliency

16.

Facility-Scale Energy Storage Technologies

17.

Carbon Neutral Cities Alliance

18.

Pathways to Deep De-Carbonization in the United States: U.S. 2050 Report

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://lbre.stanford.edu/sem/energy_retrofit_program#window>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://www.energystar.gov/>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://www.eweb.org/ebd/spring2013/uo>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://news.stanford.edu/news/2013/march/ store-electric-grid-030513.html>

Pdf. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://aceee.org/files/proceedings/2016/data/ papers/11_1046.pdf>

Pdf. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://aceee.org/files/proceedings/2014/data/ papers/3-654.pdf>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://usdn.org/public/page/13/CNCA>

Pdf. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://unsdsn.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/ US-Deep-Decarbonization-Report.pdf>

19. 20. 21.

eurostat - Statistcs Explained Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Archive:Greenhouse_gas_emissions_from_waste_ disposal>

Office of Sustainability - University of Arizona Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://sustainability.arizona.edu/>

Independent Statistics & Analysis - U.S. Energy Information Administration Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm/ data/index.cfm?page=biomass_waste_to_energy>

22.

Energy Recovery Council - The 2014 ERC Directory of Waste-to-Energy Facilities Pdf. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://energyrecoverycouncil.org/wp-content/ uploads/2016/01/ERC_2014_Directory.pdf>

23.

Greening Research, Education & Environment Network - Managing Waste in Arizona Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://greeningresearch.com/managing-waste-in-arizona/>

24.

Friends of the earth - Waste

25.

Tech Parks Arizona

26.

Landfill vs Incinerator Comparison of the Emissions

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://www.foe.co.uk/community/campaigns/ healthy_planet/incineration_index>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://techparks.arizona.edu/leading-edge/ solar-zone>

Francisco J. Pérez Aguiló. Metropolitan University, Graduate School of Environmental Affairs, San Juan, Puerto Rico. Dec 9, 2010

27.

Interim Strategic Plan 2014-2018 - University of Arizona Pdf. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://facultygovernance.arizona.edu/sites/facgov/files/note_strategic_plan_fy_2013v2.pdf>

28.

Colorado State University Climate Action Plan 2010 Pdf. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://www.fm.colostate.edu/sustain/downloads/ climate_action_plan_2010.pdf>

29.

“Duke University Carbon Offset Initiative”

30.

“The Role of Offsets in Meeting Duke University’s Commitment to ‘Climate Neutrality’: A Feasibility Study”

Pdf. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://sustainability.duke.edu/carbon_offsets/ purchase/purchasingguide.pdf>

Pdf. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://sustainability.duke.edu/documents/dukeoffsets.pdf>

31.

“Compliance Offset Program“ - California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resource Board Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/offsets/ offsets.htm>

32.

“USCC factsheet: Composting, Global Climate Change and Carbon Trading” Pdf. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://www.rapid54.com/eco/pdf/comp3.pdf>

33.

What’s a University to do about Climate Change - Haas School of Business, University of California Berkeley Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://energyathaas.wordpress. com/2014/12/07/whats-a-university-to-do-about-climate-change/>

233

Carbon 2050 Resources

234

Princeton University Transportation Strategies

Arizona State University Strategic Plan for Sustainability Practices and Operations

Carbon Neutral Cities Alliance

Pathways to Deep De-Carbonization in the United States: U.S. 2050 Report

Facility-Scale Energy Storage Technologies

Solar + Storage for Resiliency

“Compliance Offset Program“ - California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resource Board

“USCC factsheet: Composting, Global Climate Change and Carbon Trading”

eurostat - Statistcs Explained

https://www.princeton.edu/reports/sustainability-plan-20080219/

https://sustainability.asu.edu/resources/strategic-sustainability-plan/

http://usdn.org/public/page/13/CNCA

http://unsdsn.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/US-Deep-Decarbonization-Report.pdf

http://aceee.org/files/proceedings/2014/data/papers/3-654.pdf

http://aceee.org/files/proceedings/2016/data/papers/11_1046.pdf

Web. https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/offsets/offsets.htm

Web. http://www.rapid54.com/eco/pdf/comp3.pdf

http://http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Archive:Greenhouse_gas_emissions_from_waste_disposal

10.

Office of Sustainability - University of Arizona

11.

Independent Statistics & Analysis - U.S. Energy Information Administration

12.

Energy Recovery Council - The 2014 ERC Directory of Waste-to-Energy Facilities

13.

Greening Research, Education & Environment Network - Managing Waste in Arizona

14.

friends of the earth - Waste

15.

Tech Parks Arizona

16.

Landfill vs Incinerator Comparison of the Emissions

17.

Interim Strategic Plan 2014-2018 - University of Arizona

18.

Colorado State University Climate Action Plan 2010

19.

Stanford- Lithium-Ion Batteries

http://sustainability.arizona.edu/

http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm/data/index.cfm?page=biomass_waste_to_energy

http://energyrecoverycouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ERC_2014_Directory.pdf

http://greeningresearch.com/managing-waste-in-arizona/

https://www.foe.co.uk/community/campaigns/healthy_planet/incineration_index

https://techparks.arizona.edu/leading-edge/solar-zone

Francisco J. PĂŠrez AguilĂł. Metropolitan University, Graduate School of Environmental Affairs, San Juan, Puerto Rico. Dec 9, 2010

http://facultygovernance.arizona.edu/sites/facgov/files/note_strategic_plan_fy_2013v2.pdf

https://www.fm.colostate.edu/sustain/downloads/climate_action_plan_2010.pdf

http://news.stanford.edu/news/2013/march/store-electric-grid-030513.html

235

Water 2020 Resources

New Construction Water Efficiency Policy

Drought Tolerant Planting Policy

New Landscapes Institute Policy

4. 236

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://www.policies.vt.edu/5505.pdf>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://cpdc.uoregon.edu/policies-and-documents/policies-and-documents/historic-preservation/campus-heritage-landscape-plan>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0ahUKEwjQorWs9MrQAhUE_IMKHU55AbQQFggbMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. allianceforwaterefficiency.org%2FSaving-Water-and-Energy-Together-Oct-2013.aspx&usg=AFQjCNE5spp1sf7qHvdK9h6l1ZnZ5lH7hg&sig2=rDlOiph_TxywtKPJugbHgg&bvm=bv.139782543,d.amc>

Case Study Resources

University of California Los Angeles Education Research

Submetering of Building Energy and Water Usage

University of Arizona Financial Management

Arizona State University Sustainability Operations

University of California Los Angeles Water Action Plan

Water Harvesting Funding

Tucson Nature Conservancy Rainwater Harvesting

Analysis Community Center Simple System

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Emory University Facilities Management

10.

The Water Hub at Emory University

11.

University of Arizona Surface Water Project and Planning

12.

University of California Berkeley Water Action Plan

Water Centered Decision Making Policy Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0ahUKEwjGk5f29srQAhVI2oMKHe11ALIQFggdMAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com %2F2071-1050%2F7%2F11%2F14761%2Fpdf&usg=AFQjCNH_Pcs4JzwQKLxE-7UanHDQg1TNyw&sig2=QNUXoJQTiFmdzDUfKwpDRg&bvm=bv.139782543,d.amc>

Maximized Building Efficiency Policy

Water Tax Policy

Pdf. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://www.sustain.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Water-Action-Plan-Final.pdf>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://energyathaas.wordpress. com/2014/12/07/whats-a-university-to-do-about-climate-change/>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://www.sustain.ucla.edu/our-initiatives/education-and-research/>

Pdf. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/uploadedFiles/Resource_ Center/Library/submetering/NIST-2011-Submetering-of-Energy-and-Water-Use.pdf>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://www.fso.arizona.edu/financial-management/fund-accountants>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://sustainability.asu.edu/operations/what-asu-is-doing/>

Pdf. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://www.sustain.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Water-Action-Plan-Final.pdf>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://wahaso.com/funding-resources-for-water-harvesting-systems-5/>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://wahaso.com/projects/tucson-nature-conservancy-rainwater-harvesting/>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://wahaso.com/projects/st-aloysius-community-center-simple-system/>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://www.campserv.emory.edu/fm/energy_utilities/water-hub/>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://sustainablewater.com/about-us/>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://www.pdc.arizona.edu/dssarchive/rev7/>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://sustainability.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/UCBERKELEYWATERACTIONPLANv7.docx.>

Water 2035 Resources

2. 3.

“What’s a University to Do about Climate Change?“

11.

Board Committees Strategic Business Plan

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://energyathaas.wordpress. com/2014/12/07/whats-a-university-to-do-about-climate-change/>

12.

University of Arizona Surface Water Project and Planning

Education & Research | UCLA Sustainability Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://www.sustain.ucla.edu/our-initiatives/ education-and-research/>

“Smart Campus Implementation based on Internet-by-Design”

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://www.cap-az.com/>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://www.pdc.arizona.edu/dssarchive/rev7/>

13.

University of California Berkeley Water Action Plan

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://sustainability.berkeley.edu/sites/default/ files/UCBERKELEYWATERACTIONPLANv7.docx.>

Web. https://www.icef-forum.org/annual_2015/speakers/october7/ cs1/es/pdf/cs-1_20027_hiroshi_esaki.pdf

Arizona Board of “Financial Services Office“

University of Wisconsin Sustainability

Wahaso Water Harvesting Solutions

Tucson Nature Conservancy

St. Aloysius Community Center

Emory University “The Water Hub”

10.

Emory University Facilities Management

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://www.fso.arizona.edu/financial-management/fund-accountants>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://www.uww.edu/sustainability/campus-operations/water>

“Blog.” Wahaso Water Harvesting Solutions. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Dec. 2016.

“Projects, St. Aloysius Community Center.” Wahaso Water Harvesting Solutions. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Dec. 2016.

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://www.campserv.emory.edu/fm/energy_utilities/water-hub/.>

237

Water 2050 Resources

238

Water Harvesting Solution of Wahaso

Emory University â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Water Hubâ&#x20AC;?

Emory University Facilities Management

Board Committees Strategic Business Plan

University of Arizona Surface Water Project and Planning

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://wahaso.com/projects/st-aloysius-community-center-simple-system/>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://www.campserv.emory.edu/fm/energy_utilities/water-hub/.>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Https://www.cap-az.com/>

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://www.pdc.arizona.edu/dssarchive/rev7/>

University of California Berkeley Water Action Plan

Web. Dec 3, 2016. <Http://sustainability.berkeley.edu/sites/default/ files/UCBERKELEYWATERACTIONPLANv7.docx.>

Architecture 451b Fall 2016 Semester Professor: Courtney Crosson Student Editor and Graphic Output: Julianna Sorrell Chapter Student Editors: CARBON 1. Chapter 4 Precedents - project manager – KATIE 2. Chapter 6 Calculations - project manager – TAI 3. Chapter 1 Principles - project manager – JULIANNA 4. Chapter 2 Who We Are - project manager – BRISA 5. Chapter 3 Educational Travel – ELIZABETH WATER 1. Chapter 5 Precedents - project manager – PEITONG 2. Chapter 6 Calculations - project manager – RUBIN 3. Chapter 4 Site Analysis - project manager – GENG College of Architecture, Planning & Landscape Architecture PO Box 210075, Tucson, AZ 85721 1040 N Olive Road, Tucson, AZ 85719 520-621-6751 FAX: 520-621-8700

TAI AN KATIE COONEY COURTNEY CROSSON JESSICA CUADRA GENG LI WEICHENG RUI JULIANNA SORRELL BRISA SOTO ELIZABETH VICKERMAN PEITONG ZHANG YELIN ECHO ZHONG RUBIN ZHOU