GU Journal 6-2018

Personally, I am attracted by the opportunity to try to improve things.

GUJournal ÅSA ARPING PAGE 9

INDEPENDENT JOURNAL FOR THE STAFF AT THE UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG #6 NOVEMBER 2018

EXCESSIVE SHOPPING WORRIES CECILIA SOLÉR

NEWS

Ghostwriters – an unknown problem REPORT

Brings art to all of society

VICE-CHANCELLOR Attracting and retaining talent These are crucial matters that we need to manage at all levels …

FTER AN UNSEASONABLY warm autumn and in the blink of an eye, December has arrived. It often feels like time is flying by at this time of year and it can be comforting to recall what we have actually achieved in the form of decisions made, initiatives started, courses held, research grants provided, students arriving…

As of writing this, we still have no government and I am guessing that the party leaders and the speaker of the house also felt that advent came a little early this year.

At the beginning of December, the HR unit held a well-attended conference on strategic skills supply. These are crucial matters that we need to manage at all levels within the university. What talent do we need as a university in order to progress, and what are the career opportunities for the individual employee?

WORKING STRATEGICALLY with skills supply is essential in the research and education that we provide and develop. While there are external factors that impact our recruitment potential, we still have control of a number of factors that are important to how we develop our appeal as an employer. One such important factor, which also led to a vigorous debate as I understand, is the matter of whether it should be a right or an opportunity to be assessed for a professorship. The aim of

the conference was to provide time to reflect on which path to take as a university and which strategies to adopt to become more competitive. Likewise, the matter of promotion to senior lecturer from assistant senior lecturer is also worth discussing. A career at the University of Gothenburg can begin in different ways – as a new doctor in a so-called tenure-track position or as a top researcher attracted by a specific professorship. Needs may vary over time and between faculties.

THE CONFERENCE constituted an important springboard for the future and provided us with a solid foundation for our future choices.

We had already covered some ground in putting structures in place regarding matters such as recruitment over the past few years.

Now, we will continue and aim to take our efforts in strategic skills supply to the next level.

And finally, I would like to wish you all a very pleasant holiday over Christmas and New Year. Hopefully, you will have an opportunity to relax after an intense year, and recharge your batteries before the next one begins.

Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!

EVA WIBERG

Photo: JOHAN WINGBORG

MASTHEAD NEXT YEAR, it is time to renew

the University of Gothenburg’s environmental and sustainability goals. It is already well-known that the university is at the forefront in this field, in terms of both research and education, and that we have an ambitious environmental management system that has received excellent reviews. In the previous issue, we wrote about an appeal to reduce our climate impact. Now, the students at the University of Gothenburg have also started a petition demanding that emissions from air travel be halved in four years. Among other

2 GUJOURNAL DECEMBER 2108

The climate – the key issue for our generation things, they argue in favour of a cap on the number of annual flights for each unit and institution. For management, this is evidently a controversial matter. How far are they willing to go? On the other hand, we could severely limit the number of flights to Stockholm and encourage more people to take the train, both to Stockholm and to the continent. Although a reader has pointed out that it is not always as easy as that. He wanted to book a train to the north of England, but the travel agent Egencia responded by saying that there were no such options in the system, only flights.

Management at the University of Gothenburg should be able to act to make it easier to travel in an environmentally-friendly way.

In this issue, we also highlight ghost writers, the University of Gothenburg’s new teaching staff representatives, educational activism and how best to shoot films with your smartphone.

As always, we hope you will enjoy this issue and we wish you a very Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year.

THE EDITORS

20 New research saves lives

Photo: JOHAN WINGBORG

CONTENTS NEWS 04–13

04. High evidentiary bar makes convictions difficult.

06. Ghostwriters – an unknown problem.

08. What do the lecturers on the board want to do?

10. Compulsory ethics course for PhD students.

11. After four years, the ship will be delivered.

12. Helpline for conflicts.

PROFILE 14–17

14. Consumption and stress are closely linked, says Cecilia Solér.

REPORT 18–23

18. He brings art to all of society.

20. The Nobel Prize in Medicine has led to completely new forms of treatment.

PEOPLE 24–28

24. Best in cooperation but lagging behind within internationalisation. gathering.

25. An appreciated global gathering.

26. Curiosity brought her to Gothenburg.

28. The Snapshot

DECEMBER 2018 GUJOURNAL

3

NEWS

rval Urvalet har skett med hjälp av en anställd på Företaget AB. Intervjuerna har genomförts med dem som ingå talt 91 stycken, och som ska genomgå uppföljande HPB under 2005. Könsfördelningen på avdelningen är 63 % laga 1) att deltaga i studien. Målet var att genomföra sex stycken intervjuer med en så jämn könsfördelning som åminnelse ut till samtliga kvinnor med en önskan om deras deltagande i studien. Påminnelsen resulterade i svar f öka antalet intervjuer till sju stycken. Inkomna svar efter detta avböjdes. Respondenterna har varit anställda olik ajoriteten av dem har genomfört ett flertal HPB och är väl förtrogna med metoden. Deras ålder rör sig mellan un under, 2. uppl. (Lund: Studentlitteratur, 1994), s. 99 21 Karin Widerberg, Kvalitativ forskning – i praktiken, (Lu 00 3.2 Genomförande Intervjuerna genomfördes på företaget i ett samtals- och konferensrum och pågick mellan mosfär. Samtalen spelades in med hjälp av en diktafon med extern mikrofon. Intervjuerna kan betecknas som se und, och under samtalets gång ställdes följdfrågor för att fördjupa informationen och klargöra eventuella ståndp naste HPB, tiden från den senaste HPB fram till nu och förväntningarna inför den kommande HPB. I nära samb auser och eventuella känslouttryck markerades i materialet. 3.3 Analys Analysen i denna uppsats är gjord i syfte ler manuellt och kan genomföras på tre olika sätt: Utifrån empirin (det insamlade materialet), teorin eller framstä ombination av dessa vilket är fallet i denna uppsats.24 Det insamlade materialet lästes igenom i sin helhet ett fler enna första del markerades intressanta avsnitt och delar ströks under. Tankar som uppstod skrevs ned på respekti r att hitta likheter och olikheter för att på det sättet hitta gemensamma kategorier. Efter detta lästes materialet ig nalysen användes ett siffersystem där olika siffror stod för olika teman. 3.4 Validitet och reliabilitet Validitet i de ompletterande följdfrågorna och det praktiska genomförandet gör att intervjuerna mäter det som avses mätas. An 144-145 kvalitativa studier, av mig som intervjuare. Den förförståelse och de erfarenheter som jag, subjektet, bä g studerat exempelvis beteendeförändring, inom ramen för utbildningen till Hälsopedagog på Idrottshögskolan i eg 1. Detta tillsammans gör att de analyser jag gjort kan ha påverkats till att jag poängterar andra saker än en per årbedömd. Det finns naturligtvis en risk att jag under intervjuerna har missat att ställa följdfrågor eller att nyans presentera samtliga individers åsikter inför en uppföljande HPB? Naturligtvis inte, men det kan få dem som arbe är de kommer till en HPB. Det kan leda till en ytterligare ökad förståelse för att det rör sig om enskilda individer ven av att urvalet inte är slumpmässigt utan bygger på frivillig anmälan. Det faktum att respondenterna frivilligt ela med sig av något har valt att deltaga i studien. Ett annat urval av respondenter skulle sannolikt medföra att an gen provintervju genomfördes. Intervjuerna utvecklades därför i takt med min erfarenhet av att intervjua. På slu pplever att det var lättare att komma med relevanta följdfrågor. Hade jag varit en mer erfaren intervjuare hade ka iskussion Intervjuanalysen och diskussionen presenteras nedan i tre kategorier där det under varje kategori finns tervjumaterialet. I de två första kategorierna så åskådliggörs de upplevelser och erfarenheter som ligger till grun etta är att upplevelserna och erfarenheterna i stor utsträckning speglar de förväntningar respondenterna har. Däre dovisningen är omarbetade till skriftspråk, för att lättare kunna läsas, utan att innebörden i texten har ändrats. 4.1 mtalets hjälp medvetandegörs klienten om sina vanor för att sedan utifrån det pröva dem och sedan genomföra e pplever samtalet och vad de diskuterar kring. Upplevelserna av samtalet ligger även till grund för de förväntning t gemensamt drag i flera av respondenternas upplevelser av samtalet inom HPB var att det till stora delar setts so spiration. En inspiration där nya tankar och idéer tar form. Individen får möjlighet att tänka igenom sitt levnadss otivera sig till att bibehålla sin hälsa och att sköta sig. [...] de första gångerna som man gjort hälsoprofilen har m ade börja tänka i de banorna än. Flera respondenter har betonat att personen som de samtalat med är utomstående ata med någon utomstående och med den personen ha en bra och avslappnad dialog. Gemensamt för dessa samt apat förutsättning för HPB att ha en medvetandegörande effekt. Samtalen har de kännetecken som ett samtal ino änslomässig kontakt etableras.25 Det överensstämmer med liknande aspekter på utvecklande samtal som står att ännetecknas av ömsesidig respekt, ärlighet, öppenhet och åsiktsfrihet.26 4.1.1.2 Enkätundersökning Ett par samt HPB är tjatiga och att de besvaras i ett högt tempo, medan den andra personen upplever att frågorna ställs på ett yklar, åker buss, hur många minuter det tar, hur mycket du röker och dricker. Då känns det på något sätt mekanis n enkätundersökning snarare än ett samtal. Detta står i motsats till det syfte som finns i HPB, där målet är att ska rnuftets väg kan värderas27. Det som dessa två respondenter har upplevt skiljer sig i stor utsträckning från de an v samtalet så mycket? Vad är det som har gjort att deras samtal inte har blivit ett fungerande samtal? Med hjälp a ar skett parallellt. Hälsoprofilbedömaren och den som genomgår HPB har intagit roller som inte är kompatibla oc ppstår. Andersson & Malmgren, s 31. 26 Faskunger, s. 51 Det kan naturligtvis också ha att göra med vilka förvän ommer tas upp senare. 4.1.2 Fysiologiska testerna 4.1.2.1 Attraktionen av att mäta Ett drag som nästan alla de in ätningarna. Vad är det som gör att det är så spännande med mätningarna att de allra flesta i sina samtal tar fram pplever konditionstestet som spännande varierar men gemensamt för dem alla är attraktionen för mätningen. [...] ett medelresultat. För personen vars intervju citatet ovan är hämtat från kan det kanske vara naturligt att uttryck ykeltestet. Anledningen till att resultatet blev lågt fick denne inte helt klart för sig annat än att det kunde bero på sultatet. Att det är en mätning där resultatet sätts i relation till andra människors resultat kan kanske vara nyckel cker jag det är jätteviktigt att med jämna mellanrum mäta sin kondition. Eftersom det är någonting som är svårt otionsrundan hemma och det är ju också ett sätt att mäta konditionen, men det är ju inte normerat på samma sätt utresultatet av samtalet kring frågeformuläret mynnar ut i, egentligen är deras egna subjektiva bedömningar av d r det så vi har svårt att ta till oss det vi själva subjektivt upplever, medan en objektiv mätning som någon annan u rsta av ovan citat där personen, trots att denne sprungit maraton, får ett resultat under medel litar denne på result gentligen borde. Kanske är det ett uttryck för tilltron till objektiviteten, som framkommer i ett av samtalen, där p äljs. Görs inte detta upplever denne att testet är oseriöst. Att dessutom få möjlighet att skatta sin ansträngning, m laktigt. Personen anser att män i allmänhet väljer att underskatta ansträngningen och ser ingen vits med den. Per älv uppfatta vad som var jobbigt. Jag tycker att man borde utgå mer från längd, vikt och ålder för att på det sätte mmen och pekfingret som belastningen togs fram. Sen tror jag att män ofta underdriver. Känns det här jobbigt? ckte inte att det blev rätt att på det sättet mäta konditionen. Här blir det tydligt att respondenten inte anser subjek ngd, vikt och ålder. I det här fallet kan det naturligtvis röra sig om ett pedagogiskt problem där hälsoprofilbedöm nledningen till varför klienten skall skatta sin egen ansträngning är. I ett annat fall är det precis den subjektiva de .] för min personliga del, är det precis tvärtom. Jag vill inte se, eller vill inte, jag behöver inte se. Jag känner om ett minnesperspektiv. Frågeformuläret i HPB består av elva delfrågor, dessa fogas sedan samman till en hälsopr egränsad kapacitet som stannar mellan fem och nio informationsenheter och detta gör det svårt för deltagaren att sultatet av konditionsmätningen, som består av en informationsenhet och som med lite repetition kan föras över ppmärksamhetsnivån på konditionstestet är högre så blir denna inlärning än lättare. Dessutom är det semantiska et vill säga minnet för upplevelser. 3 Metod Följande avsnitt är uppdelad i en kort introduktion av kvalitativa stu en metod som använts i uppsatsen under rubrikerna: Urval, Genomförande och Analys. Denna C-uppsats bygger tt men kännetecknande för dem är att de har ”[...] ambitionen att försöka förstå och analysera helheter.”20 I den pplevelser och känslor en individ har inför en uppföljande HPB.21 Det som utmärker den kvalitativa intervjun är terligare belysa respondentens uppfattning kring ett fenomen.22 När det gäller kvalitativa studier i stort, och dju en förförståelse som intervjuaren har. 3.1 Urval Urvalet har skett med hjälp av en anställd på Företaget AB. Inter vdelningen som arbetar med utvecklingen av IT, totalt 91 stycken, och som ska genomgå uppföljande HPB unde e erhöll ett brev per e-post med inbjudan (se bilaga 1) att deltaga i studien. Målet var att genomföra sex stycken hållits var samtliga män, därför skickades en påminnelse ut till samtliga kvinnor med en önskan om deras deltag ppnå en jämnare könsfördelning beslutades att utöka antalet intervjuer till sju stycken. Inkomna svar efter detta a ch har genomfört olika antal HPB men majoriteten av dem har genomfört ett flertal HPB och är väl förtrogna me o, Davidsson, Forskningsmetodikens grunder, 2. uppl. (Lund: Studentlitteratur, 1994), s. 99 21 Karin Widerberg id., s. 16-17 Patel & Davidsson, s. 99-100 3.2 Genomförande Intervjuerna genomfördes på företaget i ett samtal aldes mindre rum för att skapa personlig atmosfär. Samtalen spelades in med hjälp av en diktafon med extern mi arbetad intervjuguide (se bilaga 2) som grund, och under samtalets gång ställdes följdfrågor för att fördjupa info ifrån tre teman, upplevelsen av den senaste HPB, tiden från den senaste HPB fram till nu och förväntningarna in essa ordagrant till en skriven text. Pauser och eventuella känslouttryck markerades i materialet. 3.3 Analys Analy etta kan göras antingen maskinellt eller manuellt och kan genomföras på tre olika sätt: Utifrån empirin (det insam all se ut). Oftast sker en kombination av dessa vilket är fallet i denna uppsats.24 Det insamlade materialet lästes aterialet uppstått. Under denna första del markerades intressanta avsnitt och delar ströks under. Tankar som upp nalyserades materialet närmare för att hitta likheter och olikheter för att på det sättet hitta gemensamma kategorie ärmare beskrev kategorierna. I analysen användes ett siffersystem där olika siffror stod för olika teman. 3.4 Valid tervjuguiden, tillsammans med de kompletterande följdfrågorna och det praktiska genomförandet gör att intervj nlighet med vetenskapsteorin kring Ibid., s. 144-145 kvalitativa studier, av mig som intervjuare. Den förförståels nalys av det insamlade materialet. Dels har jag studerat exempelvis beteendeförändring, inom ramen för utbildni enomgått utbildningen till Hälsoprofilbedömare, steg 1. Detta tillsammans gör att de analyser jag gjort kan ha på akgrund skulle ha gjort. Reliabilitet i uppsatsen är svårbedömd. Det finns naturligtvis en risk att jag under intervj ppfattats inte har uppfattats. Kan respondenterna representera samtliga individers åsikter inför en uppföljande HP lka förväntningar, de som genomgår HPB, kan ha när de kommer till en HPB. Det kan leda till en ytterligare öka anteras på ett unikt sätt. Generaliserbarheten påverkas även av att urvalet inte är slumpmässigt utan bygger på fri

Difficulties convicting ghostwri A large number of students have been suspended for plagiarism, but not one has been found guilty of hiring a ghostwriter. An acquittal by the Disciplinary Committee, concerning a case in which a student was suspected of having received help from a lecturer at the University of Gothenburg, raises the issue of whether a conviction is even possible without a confession.

“THERE WAS NOT enough evidence to reach the evidentiary bar required to say with certainty that the student was guilty of misconduct during examination”, says Eva Wiberg.

She is referring to a case that came before the Disciplinary Committee on January 15, 2018, which she chairs in her capacity as Vice-Chancellor. The case is unusual. At one of the departments at the Faculty of Arts, a student was suspected of “obtaining illicit help from a lecturer at the department”. According to the report, it is “improbable beyond reasonable doubt” that the student could have authored the third attempt at a written assignment that they had failed twice before.

THUS, THE DEPARTMENT suspects that one of their lecturers had ghostwritten it. There are good reasons for this, the report makes clear.

Firstly, the student, with whom the lecturer has admitted to having a relationship, suddenly produced writing that is markedly different from their previous performance.

4 GUJOURNAL DECEMBER 2018

Illustration: KRISTINA EDGREN

The language and the rhetorical style is not only different, the writing is exceptional, at a level they find unreasonable for the student in question. An investigation was initiated and in the early stages, the lecturer also confessed that he “may have dictated a few lines” – something that he later withdrew owing to his not recalling what had been said due to “acute stress”.

BUT THERE IS also other technical evidence – circumstantial evidence that strongly indicates involvement by the lecturer in the authorship.

The written assignment had been written on his computer, in his office and sent from his work email ac-

count to the student’s email address one evening in October last year.

That same morning, the student had been informed via email from the course director that the previous second version of the assignment would not receive a passing grade.

Supplementary additions were required. An investigation of the email logs showed that the student forwarded the email to the lecturer, who contacted the programme coordinator that very afternoon, requesting the relevant course literature. Three hours later, an email was sent to the student from his work address with the subject line, “text”.

The email logs show that there

år i Åtgärdsgruppen på avdelningen som arbetar med utvecklingen av IT, män och 37 % kvinnor. De erhöll ett brev per e-post med inbjudan (se m möjligt. När fyra svar erhållits var samtliga män, därför skickades en från tre kvinnor. För att uppnå en jämnare könsfördelning beslutades att ka lång tid på Företaget AB och har genomfört olika antal HPB men ngefär 25-55 år. 20 Runa, Patel & Bo, Davidsson, Forskningsmetodikens und: Studentlitteratur, 2002) s. 17 Ibid., s. 16-17 Patel & Davidsson, s. 99 20 och 45 minuter. I första hand valdes mindre rum för att skapa personl emistandardiserade. Det fanns en utarbetad intervjuguide (se bilaga 2) som punkter. Frågorna var uppbyggda utifrån tre teman, upplevelsen av den band med intervjuerna transkriberades dessa ordagrant till en skriven text e att sortera materialet efter teman. Detta kan göras antingen maskinellt ällningsformen (hur den färdiga texten skall se ut). Oftast sker en rtal gånger till dess att en förtrogenhet med materialet uppstått. Under ive utskrift av intervjuerna. I nästa skede analyserades materialet närmare genom ytterligare för att finna teman, som närmare beskrev kategorierna. enna uppsats bedöms som god. Intervjuguiden, tillsammans med de nalysen av materialet påverkas, i enlighet med vetenskapsteorin kring Ibi är med mig färgar mig i min analys av det insamlade materialet. Dels ha i Stockholm, men även genomgått utbildningen till Hälsoprofilbedömare rson med annan bakgrund skulle ha gjort. Reliabilitet i uppsatsen är ser som borde ha uppfattats inte har uppfattats. Kan respondenterna etar med HPB att se vilka förväntningar, de som genomgår HPB, kan ha r som alla måste hanteras på ett unikt sätt. Generaliserbarheten påverkas valt att deltaga i studien kan påverka att det bara är de som anser sig kun ndra åsikter och uppfattningar kom i dagen. En svaghet i denna studie är a utet blev intervjuerna friare och mindre bundna till intervjuguiden och jag anske mer och djupare information kommit fram i samtalen. 4 Resultat & s teman som beskriver hur dessa kategorier har gestaltat sig i nd för de förväntningar som återfinns i den tredje kategorin. Orsaken till efter följer en avslutande diskussion kring uppsatsen i stort. Citaten i 1 Upplevelsen av HPB 4.1.1 Samtalet I HPB är samtalet en viktig del. M en beteendeförändring. Därför är det intressant att se hur respondenterna gar som respondenterna har på den uppföljande HPB. 4.1.1.1 Väcka tanka om påminnelser och en möjlighet till att få levnadsråd, en källa för sätt och den påminnelse som det innebär gör det lättare för individen att man fått lite aha-upplevelser eftersom det då var nytt och man kanske inte e och inte knuten till Företaget AB och de ser det som en stor förmån att tal har varit att hälsoprofilbedömaren, genom sin kommunikation, har om HPB skall innehålla: En öppen kommunikation där en god t finna på andra håll inom forskningen där utvecklande samtal tal skiljer sig från de övriga. En person upplever att frågorna under samta mekaniskt sätt. [...] en del frågor är kring hur du tar dig till jobbet, går, skt. Samtalet uteblev och ska liknas vid något så kan det närmast liknas v apa en kommunikation som kan starta en process där den egna livsstilen p ndra deltagarnas upplevelse av samtalet. Varför skiljer sig deras upplevel av transaktionsanalysen kan man dra slutsatsen att kommunikationen inte ch där konsekvensen blir att medvetandegörande kommunikation inte ntningar man går in med i samtalet och mer om förväntningarnas betydel ntervjuade personerna har gemensamt är att de attraheras av de fysiologisk konditionstestet som det bästa med HPB? Anledningarna till varför de ] ja, det kanske är någon form av tävlingsinstinkt som gör att man inte vil ka sig så eftersom han trots regelbunden träning fick ett lågt resultat på stress. Oavsett förklaring var personen fortsatt mycket besviken över ln till denna fascination för resultatet av konditionstestet. Rent personligt att göra själv på ett normerat sätt. Jag vet ju hur lång tid det tar att spring t. Kanske hänger fascinationen samman med det faktum att profilen, som deras egen hälsa medan de fysiologiska testerna ger objektiva mätbara tal utfört på oss utan tvivel upplevs som det sanna? Detta tydliggörs i det tatet vilket leder att den egna konditionen upplevs som sämre än vad den personen tycker att man borde utgå ifrån längd och vikt när belastningen med hjälp av Gunnar Borgs RPE-skala28, under cyklingen upplevs som he rsonen säger: [...] det kände jag var en lite konstig bedömning, man fick et få en viss belastning. I det här fallet kändes det som att det är mellan Nej, inte alls och då är det väl lite jobbigare än vad man erkänner. Så jag ktiva bedömningar vara lika mycket värda som de objektiva mätvärdena maren inte har förklarat hur belastningen under cyklingen tas fram och va elen som betonas på bekostnad av den objektiva mätningen av konditione m det fungerar eller inte. Det är intressant att se på attraktionen av att mäta rofil, en symbol. Det korttidsminne där informationen lagras har en t minnas, utan inlärning, hur resultatet på frågeformuläret är. Att hålla r från korttidsminnet till långtidsminnet, blir följaktligen lättare. Om seda minnet, minnet för ord och begrepp, mer stabilt än det episodiska minnet udier, i en diskussion av validitet och reliabilitet samt i en presentation av r på en kvalitativ studie. Kvalitativa studier kan genomföras på flera olika nna uppsats används djupintervju som metod eftersom syftet är att förstå d r att den ger utrymme för att följa upp och ställa följdfrågor för att upintervjuer i synnerhet, är det viktigt att poängtera att studien färgas av rvjuerna har genomförts med dem som ingår i Åtgärdsgruppen på er 2005. Könsfördelningen på avdelningen är 63 % män och 37 % kvinno intervjuer med en så jämn könsfördelning som möjligt. När fyra svar gande i studien. Påminnelsen resulterade i svar från tre kvinnor. För att avböjdes. Respondenterna har varit anställda olika lång tid på Företaget A ed metoden. Deras ålder rör sig mellan ungefär 25-55 år. 20 Runa, Patel & g, Kvalitativ forskning – i praktiken, (Lund: Studentlitteratur, 2002) s. 17 ls- och konferensrum och pågick mellan 20 och 45 minuter. I första hand ikrofon. Intervjuerna kan betecknas som semistandardiserade. Det fanns e ormationen och klargöra eventuella ståndpunkter. Frågorna var uppbyggd nför den kommande HPB. I nära samband med intervjuerna transkriberad ysen i denna uppsats är gjord i syfte att sortera materialet efter teman. mlade materialet), teorin eller framställningsformen (hur den färdiga text s igenom i sin helhet ett flertal gånger till dess att en förtrogenhet med pstod skrevs ned på respektive utskrift av intervjuerna. I nästa skede er. Efter detta lästes materialet igenom ytterligare för att finna teman, som ditet och reliabilitet Validitet i denna uppsats bedöms som god. juerna mäter det som avses mätas. Analysen av materialet påverkas, i se och de erfarenheter som jag, subjektet, bär med mig färgar mig i min ingen till Hälsopedagog på Idrottshögskolan i Stockholm, men även åverkats till att jag poängterar andra saker än en person med annan juerna har missat att ställa följdfrågor eller att nyanser som borde ha PB? Naturligtvis inte, men det kan få dem som arbetar med HPB att se ad förståelse för att det rör sig om enskilda individer som alla måste ivillig anmälan. Det faktum att respondenterna frivilligt valt att deltaga i

iters

what is required. It is a matter that is far too complicated to explain in an interview.”

was frequent correspondence between them on the teacher’s computer, but that the emails concerning the written assignment had been deleted.

The student supposedly sent an email, then covered a distance of 2.5 kilometres in eight minutes to open that same email. So you find it possible that this happened?

“WE COULD NOT find them”, says se-

curity coordinator Jenny Kvist, who estimates that the emails have been deleted intentionally in an attempt to cover up what was going on.

According to the lecturer and the student, the latter was sitting in the lecturer’s office, writing the assignment on his computer and then emailing it to themself. This explanation raises many questions: 1. Why did the student use the lecturer’s email and not their own email to send it to themself?

2. How come the student, only eight minutes later, could open the email in another part of town?

3. Why did the student then cut out the text in order to paste it into a new document which was then edited for seven minutes?

4. Why did the student use a font that they had never used in previous assignments?

THE STUDENT has not provided satisfactory answers to these questions. The Disciplinary Committee, quite rightly, states that there are circumstances that are unclear. But they still opted to acquit the student because the evidence, as Eva Wiberg states, did not meet the evidentiary requirements.

So what further evidence would be required to find a person guilty?

“We are talking about an individual case here, and when we come to a decision we do so behind closed doors, and you cannot say that this or that is required. Naturally, we have guidelines, but each case must be judged on its own merits. And the evidentiary requirements in these types of cases are set very high”, says Eva Wiberg.

But what is required in order to find anyone guilty of having used a ghostwriter?

“That is impossible to speculate or say anything in general about

We do not have enough cases to have a good idea of how common this is.

EVA WIBERG

Footnote: Two days after the acquittal, the lecturer published the unabridged third version of the assignment on his blog, where he says, “the standard is astronomically high”. He also writes that it is “by far the best written assignment – bordering pure genius – that I have seen in a long time” and that “the question of who the author is has incited much speculation, but they will remain anonymous.”

The blog post has since been removed.

“We were in agreement in our assessment of this”, says Eva Wiberg.

The former programme coordinator, currently the head of the department where the report originated, is more straightforward in their answer.

“The conclusion is that it appears rather impossible.” The problem is that the burden of evidence rests with the university. It is not up to the student to prove that they did not cheat, but up to us to prove that they did.

The former head of the department, who signed the report, says that she has nothing more to add beyond what is stated in the document. The Disciplinary Committee has made their decision. But when asked if she finds the acquittal surprising she says: “When you report somebody, you do so because you think it is the right thing to do.”

So what does Eva Wiberg want to say to the staff who spent time and energy on a long investigation, the conclusion of which did not gain a hearing?

“It is very unfortunate that the department, well the entire university really, finds itself in this situation.”

What are the consequences of such an acquittal? What does it tell us?

“We do not have enough cases to have a good idea of how common this is. We have to do it step by step.

We came to a decision that we found reasonable in the circumstances.

If we do not have enough to go on, the practice is to give the person the benefit of the doubt.”

Ï

LARS NICKLASON DECEMBER 2018 GUJOURNAL

5

NEWS

The ghost market is online In recent years, an increasing number of students at the University of Gothenburg have been found guilty of plagiarism. However, with regard to the new threat of ghostwriters, there has not been a single case. Moreover, the concern is that there are a considerable number of unreported cases.

IN 2015, 21 students were found

guilty of plagiarism at the University of Gothenburg. By October 3 this year, that figure had already reached 39. The number of students that are caught cutting and pasting has increased. The same cannot be said for what was described in the GU Journal as the latest threat – cheating by using ghostwriters. As far as Legal Officer Isabelle Nugin Löf knows, not a single student has ever been found guilty of this at the University of Gothenburg.

“Firstly, the problem is that they are not even discovered. Uncovering writing that someone else has produced on your behalf is of course much more difficult than detecting

6 GUJOURNAL DECEMBER 2018

plagiarism, which will generate a hit in the Urkund text matching system.

However, if there is suspicion, it is also very difficult to prove what has happened. It’s a problem across the entire academic world and we do not really know how common it is to use ghostwriters”, she says.

There is a considerable number of undetected cases. This is what Sonja Bjelobaba believes, system administrator for Urkund and Educational Developer at the PIL unit. At the moment, she is completing a scientific article that compares ghostwriting in Sweden with ghostwriting internationally. The article, which is part of an international project about ghostwriting, is partly based on a survey of Swedish students.

“RESEARCH SHOWS that about 3.5

percent of students worldwide have bought text from ghostwriters, but my results show that in Sweden, that figure is significantly lower. In this country, it is more common for someone to get an essay for free from a close friend or acquaintance.

However, as a rule, it is usually only

About 3.5 percent of students worldwide have bought text from ghostwriters,” explains Sonja Bjelobaba.

I think that many lecturers are not even aware that a market exists.

SONJA BJELOBABA

used as a means of inspiration”, she says.

The fact that Swedish students would be less inclined than other students to buy writing from others surprised Sonja Bjelobaba.

“On social media, ghostwriting services are commonly sought and offered. So there is a market for it.

THEREFORE, SHE WANTS to investigate this further. Perhaps it is difficult to admit to yourself that you have cheated or perhaps you do not really trust that your answers will remain anonymous.

“There is always some uncertainty as to how reliable self-reported surveys are.”

Sonja Bjelobaba is responsible for

Facts From January up until October 3, 77 student cases have come before the Disciplinary Committee this year. 48 of them led to suspension, while 5 resulted in a warning and in 24 cases, no further action was taken. Cases involving plagiarism are most common: 46 reported cases have resulted in 34 suspensions and 5 warnings. Nobody has ever been charged with using the services of a ghostwriter at the University of Gothenburg.

From the Policy for the Prevention of Plagiarism It is the university’s responsibility and duty to be on the alert for various forms of plagiarism and to use methods to counteract plagiarism and promote academic integrity. If there are grounds for suspicion of attempted academic misconduct, it should always be reported.

This duty to report applies to all employees at the University of Gothenburg.

the interactive learning course “Academic Integrity”, which is based on the GUL teaching platform. There are two versions of the course – one for lecturers and one for students.

Creating awareness is one way to address the problem.

“I THINK THAT MANY lecturers are

not even aware that a market exists.

Therefore, it is important to pay attention to this so that lecturers do not just approve of a completed essay that has been submitted.”

To address the problem, Sonja Bjelobaba also believes that new forms of examinations have to be developed.

“We should focus more on the learning process, ask students to

keep a log or diary about it, conduct a peer assessment and so on.”

A previous study has shown that many lecturers at the University of Gothenburg are reluctant to report students. However, by law, as an employee, you have a duty to report suspected academic misconduct.

And Sonja Bjelobaba urges everyone not to circumvent the protocol that is in place.

“If you cannot rule out suspected misconduct, you must report it to the Disciplinary Committee. If you do not, we will be unable to ascertain the extent of this problem.”

LARS NICKLASON DECEMBER 2018 GUJOURNAL

7

NEWS

They will have influence over the whole university The Electoral Assembly has elected Professors Jonas Ivarsson and Åsa Arping as new members of the board from January 1, 2019. Together with Professor Agnes Wold, who has been re-­ elected for another term, they will represent the university for the next three years.

Photo: TORSTEN ARPI

Text: ALLAN ERIKSSON Photo: JOHAN WINGBORG

Name: Jonas Ivarsson.

Age: 42.

Title: Professor.

Department: The Department for Education Communication and Learning.

Lives in: Hisingen.

Current interest: The development of AI and how it will change the conditions for learning.

8 GUJOURNAL DECEMBER 2018

Name: Åsa Arping.

Age: 50.

Title: Professor of Literature.

Department: The Department of Literature, History of Ideas and Religion.

Lives in: Västra Bodarne, Alingsås ­municipality.

Current interest: “Swedish domestic ­ politics is surprisingly interesting!”

Name: Agnes Wold.

Age: 63.

Title: Professor and Senior Consultant.

Institute: Biomedicine, the Department of Infectious Diseases.

Lives in: Linnéstaden.

Current interest: “As usual – poking my nose into things!”

Why do you want to be on the board?

How do you think the University of Gothenburg has developed over the past few years?

What issues will you be promoting as a board member?

To what extent do you think you will have any power?

Jonas Ivarsson “It is both an interesting and important assignment to represent the lecturers at our university. After having worked at both department and faculty level, I am looking forward to getting a better overview of the entire organisation.

“I find that the changed delegation of powers has created a difficult situation for the department heads, where they currently have very many areas of responsibility.”

“There are several important issues that are currently being promoted by the University and that we should continue to focus on, not least environmental issues and issues of equality. I am also interested in the long-term consequences of digitalisation and what this will mean for the principal activities of universities, the formation of knowledge and education, when we might see a radically changed labour market.”

After having been a member of various department councils and an external member of the Faculty Board at another university (Karlstad), it will be interesting to also work at the highest executive level.

“In general, the University of Gothenburg is successful, in research as well as in education, even if the financial surplus hides some problems, not least concerning recruitment. The new organisation seems to have been established, but perhaps it is time to evaluate it in a little more depth? I find that in education we have made great progress in terms of quality assurance, but I do not see the same shared impetus within research. It will be interesting to see what emerges from RED19. As a researcher and lecturer, I am concerned about my faculty not achieving its funding agreement targets. The humanities are haemorrhaging funding in many parts of the country and turning the trend requires new and sustainable financing models.”

Åsa Arping

“Fair and updated pricing is crucial for education in the future. And the performance allocation concerning research also needs reviewing. It is rumoured that the upcoming “Styr- och Resursutredningen” (the Governance and Resource Inquiry) will give even greater independence to university management, so it will be important to continue to protect the influence of teaching staff.

Sustainability, the research libraries of the future and publishing are other areas I am involved in.”

“It is an important assignment. I care about the future of the University of Gothenburg and I am genuinely curious about how a university board operates.

“Personally, I am attracted by the opportunity to try to improve things. And then there are certain limits: while the board decides on the direction the univer-

“A university is entirely dependent on practised and committed employees. They are the ones who will bring about development and new initiatives. I believe that the power/responsibility is primarily about putting the best conditions in place for all employees so that they can perform as well as they possibly can.

sity will take, it also has a duty to report to its principal, the government. And also, elected lecturers and students are in a minority on the board. Influencing the board will require good arguments!”

Agnes Wold “Maybe I will have an opportunity to work to achieve a better university, from the pers­pec­tive of university lecturers: We should focus on the principal activities (research, education and third stream activities), and we should make things easier for lecturers and researchers and be as economical with bureaucratic interventions as possible. Freedom of research is of course essential. And good conditions for the lecturers.

“The University of Gothenburg is a colossus of which I can only see a small part. In that part, I find, like most people, that the line organisation has received too much focus at the expense of workplace relations. Unfortunately, it is difficult to reverse that process.

One thing that us teaching staff representatives managed to get through last period was that we should have several candidates when appointing a new Vice-Chancellor. And it was a good process, with a good outcome.

do not think the current system is at all good with a PhD studentship from the first day. That will result in some PhD students who are not at all suited to research and since they have been given a studentship, it would be seen as a defeat for all parties if they were to quit.”

To what extent do you think you will have any power?

“Of course, a board of this kind has very limited powers. But on the other hand, you make personal contacts that can be used to change things. For example, I am currently fighting against the VG region planning a large new building for laboratory medicine (clinical chemistry, pathology, clinical microbiology, etc.) where they “forgot” to contact researchers and academics before planning it, even though we have an ALF agreement that requires close collaboration between healthcare and academia.

If I had not been on the University of Gothenburg board, I would not have been able to find this out and dig my heels in! Integration between research, clinical work and lecturing is by far the most important success factor in the medical sector, and Gothenburg has the best clinical research in the country, according to the Research Council’s assessment. That integration must be safeguarded.”

“I am nagging them about reducing OH, so that researchers get more money.

So far it has fallen on deaf ears, but now I have another three years, right? I also think that we should de-bureaucratize as much as possible, for example by reducing the number of compulsory PhD courses. I also want to see the return of PhD grants at the beginning of PhD studies, enabling interested students to give it a try. I DECEMBER 2018 GUJOURNAL

9

NEWS

Compulsory ethics for PhD students From 2019, all new PhD students must attend a compulsory course in research ethics, in accordance with a decision by the Vice-Chancellor in November.

However, the faculties are free to decide on the course content and design.

SINCE THE AUTUMN of 2017, the Committee for PhD Education have discussed the importance of educating PhD students in ethics. Different proposals have been reviewed, such as creating a joint course for the university as a whole. But the committee concluded early on that the different faculties must have the freedom to decide on their own, as needs vary considerably.

“Certain programmes might benefit from a course on ethics, and for others, it might be more appropriate having ethics as a distinct degree component in some of the compulsory courses. But all PhD students enrolling from January 2019 onwards must study ethics as part of their education”, explains Annika Lantz-Andersson, Vice-Chair of the Committee for PhD Education.

MOST PHD COURSES already contain

modules on research ethics. They

10 GUJOURNAL DECEMBER 2018

may comprise lectures, discussions or group work.

“In research pertaining to humans, it is obvious that ethics is important”, Göran Landberg, Deputy Vice-Chancellor for research, points out. But the need is really equally great in all PhD courses: everybody must be familiar with laws and regulations, and ethical issues have become ever more important, not least in light of digitalisation, which opens up new questions regarding open data, who has access to what, data security and similar matters.

Annika LantzAndersson

ANOTHER REASON FOR introducing

compulsory ethics courses for PhD students is that the Higher Education Ordinance is to be amended on January 1. The ordinance will be amended to state that PhD students “shall demonstrate knowledge of relevant statutes concerning ethical review of research pertaining to humans”, and in all probability, there will be additional amendments in due course.

“Furthermore, most financial backers currently require that researchers report on their ethical stance with regard to things such as methodology and results”, Göran Landberg says.

“The idea is that those faculties

Facts From January 1, 2019, ethics will be a compulsory element of PhD courses at the University of Gothenburg. And PhD students admitted prior to that date will also be encouraged to take an ethics course.

that do not already include ethics in their PhD courses will create such modules in the spring, so that they can be incorporated into the various course curricula in the autumn”, says education officer Jessica Nyberg Pettersson.

“Those PhD students that have already been admitted will also be encouraged to take the new ethics course, but it will not be compulsory for them.”

PhD students are not the only ones who need to study ethics.

“The PhD course is a first step towards a broad approach to ethics at the University of Gothenburg”, says Göran Landberg. Senior researchers and other employees may also benefit from an ethics course.

HAS IT BEEN difficult to get the

The PhD course is a first step towards a broad approach to ethics at the University of Gothenburg

proposal adopted? There is already quite a lot to cover in a four-year PhD programme.

“Absolutely not, on the contrary”, says Annika Lantz-Andersson.

“Everyone we spoke to thinks that this is crucial. When we presented the proposal to the Department Management Council, there were even those who asked why we had not done this long ago!”

GÖRAN LANDBERG

EVA LUNDGREN

Delivery of Skagerak in April Photo: JOHAN WINGBORG

Keep in mind the date of April 2, 2019. That is when the Skagerak research vessel will finally be delivered to the University of Gothenburg, after four years of delays.

Meanwhile, the University of Gothenburg has not been short of a research vessel – the old Skagerak has been brought back into service again.

IN THE LAST ISSUE of the GU Jour-

nal, we wrote about the crew of the old Skagerak research vessel, who lost their jobs when she was decommissioned on June 15 this year. We also reported on despondent researchers who had no ship on which to conduct research or teach students in the manner required to maintain the required standards. At the same time, the Dean of the Faculty of Science, Göran Hilmersson, announced that a new contract was in the pipeline with the Polish shipyard, Nauta. And now we have one. The delivery date has been set for April 2, 2019 and Nauta, who so far has received four fifths of the contractual amount, will be paid 85 percent of the remaining fifth if they finish on schedule. If not, the university has the right to collect the ship and only pay the Polish shipyard for the completed work in accordance with a specified table.

“WE FELT IT was important to add

to the contract the possibility of retrieving the vessel. It has been discussed for some time whether we should be able to do so and complete the construction elsewhere, but we had no legal recourse for doing so. The ship belongs to the shipyard up until delivery”, says Göran Hilmersson.

So what does he think about it himself, will Nauta meet the scheduled delivery date this time?

“If everything goes to plan, they will have no problem finishing on time. There is really not much work that remains to be done. The shipyard is also eager to complete this. They have daily costs, but just as we are stuck with them, they are in turn stuck with one of their suppliers. This supplier has been unable to meet the requirements for the propulsion – it concerns an advanced control system where diesel generators produce electricity for the motors that run the propellers. The ship also requires stabilisers after it was extended. And following a collision with the quay at the shipyard in August, some other repairs are required as well.”

But even if the ship is delivered on schedule, it will, in principle, not be available for research in 2019. Testing and running-in take time.

The university will not be without

a research vessel for that period though. This autumn, the old Skagerak was brought back into service.

The repairs that were required by the Transport Agency did not cost several million, as was first feared, only somewhere between 150,000 and 200,000 krona, according to Per Hall, deputy head of the Department for Marine Sciences.

“WE ESTIMATE BEING able to run

The ship belongs to the shipyard up until delivery.

GÖRAN HILMERSSON

her through to the end of 2019, but we believe that the new ship will be operational and ready to go before then”, he says.

As soon as we got the green light to use the old Skagerak again, the old crew were also welcomed back. According to Per Hall, three of the five crew members who lost their jobs last summer have chosen to return.

The GU Journal has tried to contact the crew for comment, without success.

LARS NICKLASON DECEMBER 2018 GUJOURNAL

11

NEWS

Thomas Jordan and Mathias Hassnert.

12 GUJOURNAL DECEMBER 2018

Preventing conflicts via helpline From next year onwards, all employees who find themselves in a workplace conflict will be able to contact a conflict counsellor via a helpline. Managers will also receive additional support in handling conflicts. This is part of a package of coordinated measures introduced by the Vice-Chancellor.

THE MAIN SPONSOR of the proposal is Thomas Jordan, Associate Professor at the Department of Sociology and Work Science and an expert on workplace conflicts, as well as Matthias Hassnert from Human Resources, also with particular expertise in this field. They believe that there has long been a need for additional support.

“Unfortunately, at the University of Gothenburg, we have fairly extensive experience of protracted, escalating and destructive conflicts, which have consumed a lot of energy and resources. People have suffered”, says Thomas Jordan, who thinks that it has not always been easy to get support.

“The person involved often finds themselves in a difficult situation.

In such instances, it is important to be able to talk to somebody, in confidence, who has the necessary skills, to receive guidance or coaching, or simply someone to bounce ideas off. I believe that with this support, we will be better able

to prevent conflicts before they deteriorate and become destructive.”

Mathias Hassnert stresses that this will be a complement to existing resources, and that it is not intended to replace the current support measures: health and safety representatives, personnel officers, unions, occupational healthcare and managers.

“Conflicts are and will always be a natural part of our organisation, but we are focusing on the conflicts that risk causing ill health. It is a way for us to improve our expertise in this field”, Mathias Hassnert continues.

Currently, special conflict counsellors are being appointed, who will be spending five percent of their time performing this role. In addition, each faculty will appoint a personnel officer who will be given the additional task of providing support to their managers. The idea is to create a network for exchanging information between personnel officers.

NOBODY REALLY knows how

common severe conflicts are at the University of Gotheburg. The Health and Safety Survey from 2015 revealed that every fourth employee believes that conflicts adversely affect the atmosphere at work. Half of the respondents stated that there is territorial thinking and one third think that power struggles constitute an impediment.

“The university is a distinctive organisation with a decentralised

power structure, where lecturers and researchers are both stubborn and skilled at reasoned argument, and not always very easy to manage. Complex and deeply personal conflicts lasting for long periods are not uncommon, and they can be very difficult to resolve”, says Thomas Jordan.

Despite this being a fairly major undertaking, no additional funds will be allocated. Instead, the four or five conflict counsellors will be financed by central funds, the skills training for the personnel officers and with support from the faculties.

“We will have to solve it within the existing structures and services.

What is positive, is that we now have a decision by the Vice-Chancellor to support it”, says Mathias Hassnert.

They both stress that the conflict counsellors only have consultative roles.

“IT IS AN OPPORTUNITY to consult someone, to get support and guidance.

We neither have a mandate to escalate these cases, nor is this a complaints department or reporting body. We are not expected to be able to respond immediately or come running within a few minutes. The person looking for help can leave a message and we will call them back”, says Thomas Jordan, who is one of the conflict counsellors that will be answering the helpline opening next year.

Text: ALLAN ERIKSSON Photo: JOHAN WINGBORG DECEMBER 2018 GUJOURNAL

13

PROFILE

Consumption and stress are linked Imagine a world in which people work just enough to maintain a responsible economy, where all products are environment­ ally­and socially sustainable, and where the norm is to vacation ­somewhere you can travel to by bus or train.

Would such a life be worth striving for?

Cecilia Solér thinks so.

Text: EVA LUNDGREN Photo: JOHAN WINGBORG

14 GUJOURNAL GUJOURNAL DECEMBER DECEMBER 2018 2018

HE IS ASSOCIATE Professor of Marketing and does research on sustainable consumption, which may sound like a contradiction. “But marketing is not at all a way of learning how to flog goods”, explains Cecilia Solér.

“Instead it is about how markets are created and about conditions for generating value. Such values may well be environmental and social sustainability and the welfare of consumers. The master’s programme I am jointly responsible for, Marketing and Consumption, is the only sustainability-labelled master’s programme at the School of Business Economics and Law, and the students are drilled in sustainable thinking.”

Cecilia Solér says that she has two missions in life: being a good parent and changing consumption for the better. She has felt the urge to do something meaningful ever since she was young and quit her job at a French company that manufactured plastic floors.

“I had studied French and international business and wanted to put my knowledge to good use. But when I went to work for that company, it felt as if I had prostituted my soul. In 1991, the School of Business, Economics and Law started an environmental research group and I was one of their PhD students in sustainable entrepreneurship. In 1997, I wrote my thesis, Buying Eco-Friendly Fast-Moving Consumer Goods”.

And that consumption needs to be more sustainable is impossible to deny, Cecilia Solér points out.

“Because we can hardly imagine anything more wasteful than destroying the entire planet?”

But even though we should know better, consumption in Sweden has grown by as much as 63 percent over the past 20 years, according to the School’s latest report on consumption (konsumtionsrapporten). The products that Swedes buy more and more of include clothes and holidays to far-away places.

And stress is on the increase as well. According to Försäkringskassan, stress-related absenteeism has more than doubled in 10 years.

Cecilia Solér is convinced that there is a link between stress and consumption.

“Consumption generates stress in three different ways. Firstly, it is about sensory overload; there is advertising on buses and trams, your smartphone beeping and background noise in shops – it is like being in a perpetual Christmas fair. There is also a kind of existential consumption stress: you buy clothes or a new phone to show who you are or which group you belong to.

And when celebrities also advertise certain brands, the stress intensifies, because who would not want to be like Zlatan?”

DECEMBER 2018 GUJOURNAL GUJOURNAL

15

PROFILE

ONSUMPTION ALSO stresses us by reducing the amount

of time available.

“We work more to be able to afford to buy more things. At the same time, we must have the time to be visible on various social media and also take part in leisure activities. We are so stressed out that we do not really have time to do what would be good for us, such as being with our children, taking a walk in the sun or just doing nothing in particular. I have just published the book Stress, Affluence and Sustainable Consumption about how we consume more and more in wealthier nations, not even to feel better maybe, but rather to feel less bad.”

The fact that we are already so stressed out is why Cecilia Solér is doubtful about the latest buzzword to enter public discourse in Sweden: “flygskam” (air-travel guilt).

“Travel agents show adverts of happy, beautiful people with well-mannered children who swim in clear blue water. Everybody is happy and nobody is arguing, nobody has acne. Is it so strange that many people find that appealing? Some companies do not seem to understand how they influence consumers with their advertising and special offers: it is as if I, as a parent, would behave in a certain manner but tell my children that of course they do not need to do what I do, they are free to make up their own mind.

Many consumers want to buy sustainable products.

But it is not always easy to know how to do it”, Cecilia Solér points out.

“THERE ARE SEVERAL kinds of sustainability labels,

some of which have very strict requirements and others with requirements that are considerably less strict.

And as labels with less strict requirements mean lower production costs, they are often the ones used.

Labels such as GOTS, Global Organic Textile Standard, means that a garment is made from organically sustainable cotton that has been grown entirely without pesticides. The competing label BCI, Better Cotton Initiative, means that the cotton has not been sprayed with black-listed pesticides, but they may well have used something else.”

Reigning in consumption is particularly difficult at this time of the year.

“I do not really like Christmas and would have preferred to go away somewhere. But as our children are coming over, I want to stay at home with them.

Normally, we take care to cook our food from scratch

16 GUJOURNAL DECEMBER 2018

using organic produce, but at Christmas we make an exception and buy ready-made food.”

However, Cecilia Solér is not somebody who wants to radically change society. On the contrary, consumption is something good, she argues, if it is fair and sustainable.

“BUT WE DO need to have a more nuanced discussion.

The climate is extremely important but so is biodiversity, access to clean water and an economy that also includes the developing world. Because it is not that everybody needs to consume less, sustainable consumption is also about giving poor people an opportunity to consume in the first place.

The negative consequences of consumption can be managed through taxes and legislation”, argues Cecilia Solér.

“Regulate how companies are allowed to advertise unsustainable goods such as air travel. Tax flows of energy and materials instead of labour. Do not accept cotton that pollutes the water in poor countries or clothes made by seamstresses on less than a living wage. Vacations to Thailand do not need to be banned, but they should be so expensive as to be something of a rare treat. That would also be an incentive for businesses to start bus trips to Germany and train trips to the Riviera instead.”

Cecilia Solér is not afraid of sticking her neck out and stating her opinion, particularly when she knows she is right. In 2004 for example, she wrote an article in GP where she urged Volvo to make small, fuel-efficient cars instead of large gas-guzzling SUVs. “I really love my work and I am very happy that the School of Business Economics and Law works with sustainability. But back then, 14 years ago, that sort of discourse was still provocative and I felt quite ostracised for years after the article.

IT WAS ALSO 14 years ago that Cecilia Solér’s life fell

apart. For 18 months, she was on sick leave for occupational burn-out syndrome.

“I had three children that I frequently took care of on my own, as my husband travelled so much. In addition, I had an interesting but demanding job where I was expected to have a career, develop courses and lecture students. Eventually, it just did not work.

After rehabilitation, Cecilia Solér gradually started to work again. But in 2009, her illness returned.

“I received a lot of support from the faculty and

Regulate how companies are allowed to advertise unsustainable goods such as air travel. Tax flows of energy and materials instead of labour. the then Department Head, but I am still sensitive to stress. Stress is something I have to actively work with every day, using meditation and yoga for example; I also frequently cycle from Askim to work.

But my own special way of relaxing is to embroider mandalas.

A MANDALA IS a geometric pattern that repeats itself in intricate ways. To achieve perfection, you have to focus on one stitch at a time.”

“My interest in mandalas is linked to my love of India, where I have been several times to study how consumption can be a way out of poverty. It has been two years since I last visited, but I am about to make two journeys there, to research competing sustainability labels in cotton production, one trip in December and one in February. There are many things that are not good in India, but there is still some kind of spirituality that suits me and makes me feel at home. I simply must have been Indian in a previous life.s

Cecilia Solér Works as: Associate Professor of Marketing and an expert on sustainable consumption.

Current project: Has urged celebrities to stop advertising unsustainable products. Has recently released her book Stress, Affluence and Sustainable Consumption, published by Routledge.

Family: Husband and three children aged 23, 20 and 18.

Lives in: Askim.

Most recently read book: Mayhem by Sigrid Rausing.

Most recently watched film: Breakfast Club together with her youngest son.

Favourite dish: Roast vegetables with hummus.

Interests: Many, such as politics.

Unknown fact: “In my youth, I travelled on the Trans-Siberian Railway twice.”

DECEMBER 2018 GUJOURNAL

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REPORT

Art needs creative activism Can a government agency be involved in activism? Yes, at least according to Staffan Mossenmark, who wants to re-establish the Agora, a public forum for democratic battles between opposing viewpoints.

“Class division, segregation and gentrification are all on the rise, as is interest in right-wing extremism. If we, as artists, want to defend our prestigious educations, we must become more involved in society. Otherwise, we risk becoming nothing more than its entertainers.”

IT IS RISING frustration over political developments that made Staffan Mossenmark, Professor in Composition, propose a special course component in the artistic programmes: artistic educational activism.

“Many artists see themselves as rebellious, politically aware and involved. And the art education at our higher education institutions is extremely prestigious and difficult to gain entry to; and artists are often seen as geniuses who soar unassailably right at the top of the social hierarchy. But what would happen if art was taken down from its pedestal and forced to do field duty and if the rebellious temperament and political consciousness were encouraged?”

“THE UNIVERSITY’S mission to share

its knowledge and work to broaden recruitment requires a more active and visible collaboration with society”, says Staffan Mossenmark. “In an article, Cecilia Jeppsson and Monica Lindgren at the Academy of Music and Drama shows that girls born in Sweden to well-educated parents are highly overrepresented in the Swedish school of the arts. Boys and young people with a different social background occupy themselves with other things.”

“Another thesis, by architect Catharina Gabrielsson, highlights that the art found in public spaces is either shaped by consensus or is about creating conflict. Consensus

18 GUJOURNAL DECEMBER 2018

art confirms and elevates art and creative genius, while art that has conflict as its motif is mostly about shocking the public. But neither type of art resonates with the public.”

WHAT STAFFAN MOSSENMARK wants

to do is bring art out into society, which may not sound so revolutionary.

“The Faculty of Fine, Applied and Performing Arts is already trying out some changes, such as the Academy of Music and Drama goes public, where students conduct concerts, performances and installations in places like Frölunda Torg, Ikea Bäckebol and Feskekörka.” Another example is the Master’s Programme CPA, Contemporary Performative Arts, that some colleagues and I started in 2012, where it is explicitly stated in the curriculum that students must work in public spaces. And of course there are many more examples at the University of Gothenburg.

But what Staffan Mossenmark is suggesting is something more radical: a new course that he calls artistic educational activism.

“When artists do something, for example in a square or in a public building, they are often presented as the only true interpreters. The people who live in the area may be invited in, but rarely on the same terms as the artists. Instead, what I am looking for is what Chantal Mouf-

On the contrary, it is about challenging one another and developing creative conflicts.

STAFFAN MOSSENMARK

fe calls agonistic pluralism, which involves artists and citizens opening up to each other’s experiences and thoughts, but not at all with the intention of achieving consensus. On the contrary, it is about challenging one another and developing creative conflicts. Each individual then has the right to interpret the encounter in their own way, which does not necessarily have to align with the university’s goals or what is generally considered politically correct.

IT IS ABOUT taking back the square, the Agora, which, especially in recent years, has been emptied of its content, not least because people spend an increasing amount of time behind their screens”, Staffan Mossenmark points out.

“Zygmundt Bauman, as well as others, pointed out how gaps emerge and grow just because we no longer nurture our public forums.

These are the places I think the students should be given the opportunity to restore. Certainly, you can make your opinions heard through social media, but it is not the same thing as actually meeting and discussing, in agonistic pluralism.

BUT WHY SHOULD only artists take responsibility for social exclusion and the widening gaps in society when there are skilled, professional and more suitable field workers who are already making a significant contribution?

Photo: JOHAN WINGBORG

“As a lecturer at a university, it is easy to hide behind strategies and curricula”, Staffan Mossenmark concedes. “Educational structures and daily practicalities erode the willingness of both lecturers and students to subvert norms and seek new content outside the curricula. We are therefore in danger of experiencing a kind of Stockholm syndrome where we are so contented with all the restrictions that create a sense of security and limit our freedom that we cannot really question whether we really make the most of our social position. And as a teaching professor at a university, I find myself in a somewhat contradictory situation as I also strongly identify as a free artist with a non-hierarchical view of mankind.

Facts Staffan Mossenmark is a Professor of Composition and lectures as well as supervises in performative sound art, place-specific art and sound art with a focus on public spaces.

He conducts research and performances in public spaces, previously in USIT, Urban Sound Institute, a research group with members from architecture, composition and acoustics.

Since 2009, he has the been artistic director of the GAS Festival, Gothenburg Art Sounds Festival, and he is one of the founders as well as artistic director of Verona Risuona, a festival of art, music and performance in public spaces, streets and squares in Verona, Italy.

DEVELOPING NEW curricula and

different ways of teaching is also time-consuming and costly. But the artist’s task is about takings risks and exploring areas that are not yet comprehensible and defined”, says Staffan Mossenmark.

“The composer Johan Cage said that art is a way of changing oneself.

The students who attend our programmes are tremendously talented.

In addition, I feel that today’s youth is more politically active than has been the case for a long time. I think they can and will make a difference and contribute to a better society.

The university should facilitate this by giving them the tools through course work and experience in the field – for the sake of the world, but also because we actually need to develop ourselves.

EVA LUNDGREN DECEMBER 2018 GUJOURNAL

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REPORT

20 GUJOURNAL DECEMBER 2018

REPORT

MORE LIVES CAN BE SAVED! This year’s Nobel Laureates in Medicine have revolutionised the treatment of cancer with immunotherapy.

One in five patients with metastatic melanoma can be cured, but half of the patients are not helped by the new treatment. Researchers at the Sahlgrenska Academy are trying to ascertain why immunotherapy has such varying effects.

Text & photo: ANNA REHNBERG

Why do the effects of immunotherapy vary so much? That is what researchers at the Sahlgrenska Academy are learning more about.

DECEMBER 2018 GUJOURNAL

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REPORT

Researcher Suman Mitra and Professor Jonas Nilsson are satisfied with the results of immunotherapy.

OUTSIDE THE SAHLGRENSKA Cancer Center, darkness falls once again after a stunningly beautiful autumn day. Just as stunning are the results that have been achieved using the immunotherapies developed by this year’s Nobel Laureates in Medicine, James P Allison and Tasuko Honjo.

The two researchers each worked on a different protein (CTLA-4 and PD-1). The proteins are located on the surface of immune cells called T cells, where they inhibit the ability of immune cells to recognise and attack cancer cells. Using antibodies, the two Nobel Laureates succeeded in blocking these inhibiting proteins, thus kick-starting the ability of the immune cells to destroy cancer cells.

The immunotherapy, also called checkpoint blockade, was born.

“WHEN WE SAW the clinical results of immunotherapy, we realised that we needed to develop the animal models we used in our research”, says Jonas Nilsson, Professor and Director of the Sahlgrenska Cancer Center.

Jonas is also the head of the Sahlgrenska Translational Melanoma

22 GUJOURNAL DECEMBER 2018

Activating the immune system is the best way of achieving a cure …

Max Levin and Sara Bjursten discuss X-rays of a patient with brain metastases who has benefited from antibodies to CTLA-4 and PD-1.

Group, SATMEG, which assembles the expertise of several melanoma researchers at the Sahlgrenska Hospital and Sahlgrenska Cancer Center. Metastatic melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer, which historically has had a high mortality rate. Previously, 70 percent of patients died within a year of diagno-

LISA NILSSON

sis. But when immunotherapy with checkpoint antibodies arrived, it revolutionised the treatment.

At the Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Lisa Nilsson, who runs the research group’s laboratory, is transferring small quantities of enzymes from one test tube to another in order to start enzymatic reactions.

“We are trying to develop new treatments for metastatic melanoma and pancreatic cancer. Activating the immune system is the best way of achieving a cure, but the immune cells need help”, she says.

“IN ORDER TO ascertain what type of

help to give to the immune system of a particular patient, we develop customised animal models and begin clinical trials in patients. These are world-leading animal models”, says Jonas Nilsson: “We are building a biobank where melanoma patients can be connected to a mouse that becomes an Avatar for the patient’s cancer. The mouse carries the same combination of cancer and immune system as the patient. That is important, not least for the patients on whom the

immunotherapies have no effect.”

Researchers worldwide are trying to find solutions as to why immunotherapy is so very effective for people with metastatic malign melanoma, but has no effect at all on half of the patients.

“IT IS THESE differences between

patients that we are trying to identify, as well as the links between the adverse events (side-effects) and the effect of immunotherapy”, says Max Levin, physician and researcher at the Oncology Department at Sahlgrenska. His colleague, Sara Bjursten, explains: “Our goal is to identify these mechanisms, focusing on the patient’s T cells in the immune system.

We collect blood, skin and tumour biopsies, as well as faeces and urine samples from the patients. In cell and animal testing, we then study how these autoimmune reactions are linked to treatment response.”

Currently, practically all patients are offered immunotherapy, even if there are no biomarkers indicating whether the treatment will have an effect or not.

“We also conduct advanced mapping of the patient’s intestinal flora, which plays an important role in the immune system. Earlier studies show that there is a link between intestinal flora and immunotherapy”, says Max Levin.

THE PROJECT REQUIRES a number of different disciplines, so Max and Sara collaborate with researchers at the Rheumatology Department at Sahlgrenska and the Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, with Chalmers, the biotech company MetaboGen and the Wallenberg Laboratory.

At the Oncology Department at Sahlgrenska, Senior Consultant and Associate Professor Lars Ny demonstrates how patients receive immunotherapy. He is the section head of the melanoma team and is

responsible for the clinical part of the SATMEG research.

Lars Ny is working on ocular melanoma, an illness that is very difficult to treat, where the cancer originates inside the eye and then metastasises, often to the liver. In the project, he is working with Jonas to characterise ocular melanoma, as these patients are not helped by immunotherapy using only checkpoint inhibitors. The researchers are also trying to combine PD-1 inhibitors with a so-called HDAC inhibitor, to see if this causes immunotherapy to have a greater effect on ocular melanoma as well.

“We are hoping that the HDAC inhibitor will reprogram hidden cancer cells, making them visible to the cells of the immune system and thus make the immunotherapy work”, says Lars Ny. SO FAR, 27 PATIENTS have tried this type of treatment. The first phase is completed and a report is being drafted for publication.

So what do the melanoma researchers think about the immunotherapies so far? They seem to agree that immunotherapies have meant more to melanoma patients than any other previous treatment.

“We do not have to start from scratch: in some patients we are able to eradicate the cancer and for others, we are at least able to prolong their lives. I see immunotherapies as a foundation for additional treatment”, says Jonas Nilsson.

“I believe immunotherapy will also work in cases where we currently see no effect”, says Max Levin.

The traditional treatment options radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery and targeted treatments are also available, but are used less and less.

Even if metastatic cancer is still an illness which results in many patient deaths, the work still feels meaningful, the two researchers believe.s

“The best thing about my job is that it is constantly developing. I never stop learning and every day presents new challenges. The worst thing is when you are frustrated about the lack of progress, because you are trying to make a difference”, says Lisa Nilsson.

Facts Around 4,000 people are diagnosed with malign melanoma in Sweden every year. Of those, between 500 and 600 cases are metastatic.

Sahlgrenska Cancer Center is a c ­ ancer centre located on Medicinareberget.

SATMEG, the Sahlgrenska Translational­Melanoma Group, is a partnership between Jonas Nilsson and Lisa Nilsson’s laboratory, the surgeon Roger Olofsson Bagge and the oncologists Lars Ny and Ulrika Stierner. The melanoma­team at Jubileumskliniken, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, comprises Lars Ny, Ulrika Stierner, Sara Bjursten, Max Levin and resident physician Henrik Jespersen. Max manages his own research team at the Wallenberg Laboratory and is not a member of SATMEG, although he collaborates with the team.

For more details: www.satmeg.se.

DECEMBER 2018 GUJOURNAL

23

NEWS

The University of Gothenburg top of the class in collaboration – but not in internationalisation WHAT ARE THE differences and

UPPSALA AND LUND University have

a significantly higher proportion of research than the University of Gothenburg and Stockholm University.

The biggest differences are in the natural sciences, where Stockholm University has almost three times as many staff as the University of Gothenburg. Within education, there are minor differences, although Uppsala and Lund have slightly

24 GUJOURNAL DECEMBER 2018

more postgraduate education.

A clear result is that external research funds have grown faster than grants for the universities investigated in the report. In Lund and Uppsala, external funding currently accounts for the largest part of the research funds (58 and 54 percent respectively). At the University of Gothenburg and Stockholm University, external funding accounts for just over and just under 50 percent of research funds respectively.

THE REPORT CLEARLY shows that the University of Gothenburg is lagging behind in all internationalisation parameters. The University of Gothenburg has a lower proportion of co-publications, significantly fewer exchange students (both incoming and outgoing) and free movers, as well as a lower proportion of international PhD students.

“It is a well-known fact that the University of Gothenburg does not perform very well in terms of internationalisation. We are working on it from every possible perspective.

On the other hand, the University of Gothenburg excels in the field of collaboration, with the highest level of collaborative PhD students (12 percent). The University of Gothenburg is also the university with the highest research revenue from wider

Photo: OLA KJELBYE

similarities between the four major universities? This is evidenced by a new report, Göteborgs universitet i nationell jämförelse (the University of Gothenburg – a National Comparison), which was commissioned

by Magnus Machale-Gunnarsson, Analyst at the unit for Analysis and Teacher Education.

“The overall results are interesting. As far as I know, it is the first time that this has been done, a comprehensive comparison between the major universities. My hope is to raise the level of knowledge and to gain a better understanding of the differences and similarities between the universities. This will also give us a better basis for discussion and analysis”, says Magnus Machale-Gunnarsson, who in the course of the study examined around 40 parameters.

Magnus Machale-­ Gunnarsson

society, and from 2015-2017, the gap between the University of Gothenburg’s research revenue and that of other universities has grown. In addition, the University of Gothenburg has the highest proportion of adjuncts amongst professors and senior lecturers.

Looking at indirect costs, there are no major differences within undergraduate education: between 30–35 percent. Within research and postgraduate education, Stockholm University stands out with a distinctly higher proportion of indirect costs, just over 25 percent.

This is comparable to 20 percent for the University of Gothenburg and 17 percent for Lund and Uppsala University.

ANOTHER MORE alarming figure is women’s sick leave, which is three times higher than men’s. This applies to all universities in the study.

The intention is that the report will be repeated every year.

“I would like to develop the study, and it would be extremely beneficial if we could analyse the material together with the other three universities”, says Magnus Machale-Gunnarsson.

ALLAN ERIKSSON

PEOPLE Welcome to the University of Gothenburg Photo: ALLAN ERIKSSON

Swedes are very humanitarian and hospitable, something you do not seem to realise yourselves. It is probably due to your peaceful history. The ability to care about other people means being truly cultured and is something to be proud of and to protect; never lose that ability!”

“THE GLOBAL EVENING is an annual

event that is greatly appreciated by the university’s international guests”, explains Birgitta Karlén at Welcome Services.

“Researchers who have just arrived can network with those who have been here longer. I spoke to a female researcher who had been here for only five days and who thought this was a great opportunity to meet colleagues at the University of Gothenburg.” We noticed from the hum of conversation around the tables, that those attending seemed to have no difficulties conversing, and there was a great atmosphere throughout the evening.

EVA LUNDGREN

Ezechiel Sentama enjoyed the global evening.

On November 22, it was time once again for Welcome Services’ traditional global evening.

The evening offered music, food and an opportunity to mingle.

But for Ezechiel Sentama the event was chiefly about human kindness.

EZECHIEL SENTAMA kcomes from

Rwanda and is researching reconciliation, human rights and peace building.

“I have lived in Gothenburg before, when I was a PhD student, but returned to Rwanda after my thesis in 2009. I have worked as a lecturer and researcher on various projects in Rwanda. In collaboration with

the School of Global Studies, I participated in a three-year project on peace education in Rwanda, Macedonia and Israel-Palestine. In 2018, I came here to give myself time to write more scientific articles.”

Ezechiel Sentama believes that the global evening is not just a pleasant way of meeting colleagues.

“AN EVENING LIKE this means

much more than that. It shows that visiting lecturers and other international staff are appreciated in a number of ways, not just in our professional roles but also as fellow human beings. On the whole,

Facts On November 22, Welcome Services held their ninth international evening at the Ågren Residence for visiting research fellows and international staff. Music at the event was performed by two exchange students: Robin Elsmoortel from Belgium played the electric guitar and Armand van Wijck from the Netherlands played the harmonica. Nils Pasi Nävert from Welcome Services, held a speech, then invited everyone to enjoy the buffet. About 80 guests from every corner of the world attended, but the majority of the guests were Europeans.

DECEMBER 2018 GUJOURNAL

25

PEOPLE

Roaming freely in the

borderlands Curiosity is one of her greatest assets.

It has taken her from Moscow to Gothenburg. From working as a journalist to becoming a researcher in data journalism.

“Although, sometimes my curiosity poses problems”, says Alla Rybina, PhD student at the Department of Journalism, Media and Communication.

IT WAS AN online course with Simon Rogers, a reporter

with The Guardian, and something of a guru within the field of data journalism, which made Alla Rybina interested in the subject. It was 2014 and she was studying a Master’s Degree in Global Journalism at Örebro University.

“It was really inspiring to listen to Simon Rogers’s Ted talks on YouTube and to follow his online course”, she says.

Alla Rybina’s interest was piqued and just a few months later she was given a chance to participate in a Media Innovation Hackathon in Doha, Qatar, organised by the Arab television network Al Jazeera.

“I got a huge kick out of it! Suddenly, I was in a context where all 86 participants from 37 countries were involved in the subject of data journalism. Wow!

NORMALLY, I START sweating when I try to explain to

someone what it means. There, I didn’t need to. And it was confirmation that this wasn’t just something that existed in my imagination”, she says laughing.

No, data journalism has not been around very long.

In simple terms, it can be described as journalism based on data. Data journalism encompasses different activities in the interface between investigative journalism, computer science, statistics and data visualization.

In Alla Rybina’s own research, she studies how Rapport, Svenska Dagbladet and Dagens Nyheter use data

26 GUJOURNAL DECEMBER 2018

journalism. The overall goal of her doctoral thesis is to explore the potential of data journalism to contribute to democratic development.

“For me, there are two things that are particularly important from a democratic perspective. Firstly, there is the access to data, so-called open data, but also that journalists practice transparency regarding how they have accessed and analysed that data, what methods they have used”, says Alla Rybina.

For a couple of years now, she has been based in Gothenburg at the Department of Journalism, Media and Communication ( JMG). In addition to research, she also lectures on the subject of data journalism and open data. She describes herself as very curious.

“That’s great, because curiosity is what drives me onward. But at the same time, it is the main reason I frequently get distracted.”

“I GET SO FRUSTRATED with myself. If I am reading an

article in SvD and I discover something interesting, I google it, discover something new, then I google that.

In the end, I have 30 bookmarks open at the same time on my computer and wonder how on earth I ended up on that last web page”, she says, rolling her eyes.

Alla Rybina was born and raised just outside Moscow in Russia and at the age of 13, she decided to become a journalist.

“I love language and culture. At first, I thought of becoming a translator but realised that it would be quite a lonely profession, sitting and translating text.

Journalists work with language and text but also have the opportunity to meet people.”

The career went through a position as a financial reporter at the Interfax news agency in Moscow and work as a freelance journalist, when a scholarship for the masters programme in Örebro led Alla Rybina to move to Sweden. During her time in Örebro, she learned Swedish and after the course, she managed to get

Alla Ry bina Ag

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an internship as a translator/reporter at Sveriges Radio in Stockholm.

“But I soon realised that it would be difficult to earn a living as a journalist, and tricky to work as a journalist in Swedish as it is not my mother tongue.

So when the chance of a PhD studentship in Gothenburg became available, she did not hesitate to apply for it.

“I AM WELL SUITED to research, because I constantly

want to investigate things and learn more. What drives me is probably my journalistic interest, what the journalistic culture is like and how it is changing.

The downside of the research profession is possibly that it can be somewhat lonely.” Alla Rybina is also a

very sociable person.

“When I arrived in Gothenburg, I realised that it is socialising, being with other people, that makes me happy.

Perhaps I realised it precisely because I felt quite lonely in the beginning.

I think many PhD students feel quite lonely, especially those who do not have friends or family here.”

To rectify that, she started to get involved in the PhD Pub. A meeting place for PhD students at both the University of Gothenburg and Chalmers, which aims to broaden knowledge about current research topics, while providing the opportunity to make new social contacts. The pub has both regular pub nights and events where PhD students can present their research projects in an informal setting.

That’s great, because curiosity is what drives me onward. But at the same time, it is the main reason I frequently get distracted.

NOW, ALLA RYBINA has taken her social commitment a step further. In mid-December, she and the other representatives of the Postgraduate Students’ Council at the Faculty of Social Sciences organised a special “Social Sciences Pub” at Café Haga for the 150 PhD students in the faculty. The theme was the working conditions of PhD students.

“I think PhD students within social science subjects can feel particularly lonely because we rarely work in teams. But now, that is going to change. After all, we are in social sciences, so we have to socialize!” she says.

Text: KARIN FREJRUD Photo: JOHAN WINGBORG

DECEMBER 2018 GUJOURNAL

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Linda Sternö, initiator/project leader of the Children’s Film School and board member of the Forum for Visual Practice, participated in a symposium on a project aimed at giving participants the opportunity to develop their own ability to communicate through images. The project is financed by the Lars Tunbjörk Foundation.

Photo: Johan Wingborg

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GUJournal EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Allan Eriksson 031–786 10 21 allan.eriksson@gu.se

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Eva Lundgren 031–786 10 81 eva.lundgren@gu.se

PHOTOGRAPHER Johan Wingborg 070–595 38 01 johan.wingborg@gu.se

LAYOUT Anders Eurén 031–786 43 81 anders.euren@gu.se

Address: GU Journal, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden E-mail: gu-journalen@gu.se Web address: gu-journalen.gu.se ISSN: 1402-9626 Please feel free to quote but give us credit. Translation: Hero Tolk.