FORESTS IN THE ECE REGION: TRENDS AND CHALLENGES IN ACHIEVING THE GLOBAL OBJECTIVES ON FORESTS by United Nations Publications

Information Service United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Palais des Nations CH - 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland Telephone: +41(0)22 917 44 44 Fax: +41(0)22 917 05 05 E-mail: info.ece@unece.org Website: http://www.unece.org Printed at United Nations, Geneva 1501957 (E) - April 2015 - 2,460 - ECE/TIM/SP/37

ISBN 978-92-1-117088-7

UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

Forests

in the

ECE

Region

Trends and Challenges in Achieving the

Global Objectives on Forests

ECE/TIM/SP/ 37

UNITED NATIONS

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword by UNFF Secretariat

Foreword by UNECE and FAO

Acknowledgements

Executive Summary

Background and process

Overview of progress towards the global objectives on forests

Challenges and opportunities for the ECE Region in implementing the Global Objectives

1. Introduction

1.1 Mandate

1.2 Background and objectives of the study

1.3 Data sources and quality

1.4 Country groups

1.5 Structure of the study

35 36

2. Progress of the ECE Region towards the four global objectives on forests 2.1 Global objective 1

2.2 Global objective 2

2.3 Global objective 3

105

2.4 Global objective 4

116

2.5 Overview of progress towards global objectives on forests

123

3. Challenges and opportunities for the forest sector in the ECE Region

124

3.1 Introduction

124

3.2 Background to the challenges: outlook for forests and the forest sector in the region

129

3.3 The forest sector in a green economy

130

3.4 Challenges and opportunities for the ECE Region in implementing the global objectives

140

Annex 1: Country groups

141

Annex 2: References

145

Annex 3: Source data tables

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.4.1

Key data and ratios for the country groups, 2015

Table 2.1.1

Situation and trends in area of forest and other wooded land

Table 2.1.2

Aggregation of available data on afforestation and natural expansion of forests

Table 2.1.3

Net annual increment and fellings, 2000 and 2010

Table 2.1.4

Area under forest management plans 2000-2010

Table 2.1.5

Area of certified sustainably managed forests in the ECE Region, 2007-2014.

Table 2.1.6

Growing stock per hectare in the ECE Region

Table 2.2.1

General demographic and economic measures in 2010

Table 2.2.2

Forest-related demographic measures in 2010

Table 2.2.3

Contribution of the forest sector to gross domestic product

Table 2.2.4

Removals of industrial roundwood and wood fuel, by region, 2000-2013

Table 2.2.5

Forest sector employment by region, 1000 FTE, 2000-2010

Table 2.2.6

Top ten forest sector countries by employment 2011

Table 2.2.7

Change of employment in forestry and forest sector in the top five ECE countries by forestry employment declines and in the ECE Region, 2000 to 2010

Table 2.2.8

Estimated monetary value of net carbon sequestration in ECE Region forests, 2000-2010

Table 2.3.1

Estimated supply of industrial roundwood from certified forests in the ECE Region, 2007-2013

100

Table 2.3.2

Number of chain-of-custody certificates in the ECE Region 2014

106

Table 2.4.1

Total forestry ODA from the ECE countries

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.4.1

Country groups used in the study

Figure 1.4.2

Forest and other wooded land in percent of land area, 2015

Figure 1.4.3

Forest and other wooded land per inhabitant, 2015

Figure 1.4.4

Share of urban population, 2010

Figure 1.4.5

GDP per capita, 2010

Figure 2.1.1

Change in percentage of forest and other wooded land, 2000-2015

Figure 2.1.2

Ratio of fellings to net annual increment, 2010

Figure 2.1.3

Forest sink in relation to emissions from fossil fuel

Figure 2.1.4

Total carbon stock in aboveground living biomass for all ECE member States by the four groups

Figure 2.1.5

Carbon stock in living biomass per hectare of forest and other wooded land, 2015

Figure 2.1.6

Per hectare annual carbon sink or source in living forest biomass in the countries of the ECE Region, 2012

Figure 2.1.7

The annual sink (Mt C/y) in forest biomass by country groups over two time periods

Figure 2.1.8

Share of PEFC certified forests (a) and Share of FSC certified forests (b)

Figure 2.1.9

Processes on SFM Criteria and Indicators in the ECE Region

Figure 2.2.1

Forest sector percentage of gross value added, by country, 2010

Figure 2.2.2

Forest sector percentage of gross value added, 2000-2011, by region

Figure 2.2.3

Removals of industrial roundwood and wood fuel, by region, annual data, 2000-2013

Figure 2.2.4

Net trade in forest products total, 2000-2010

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.2.5

Employment in the forest sector, 2010

Figure 2.2.6

ECE Region, employment, 2000-2010

Figure 2.2.7

Forestry employment, persons per 1,000 ha of forest, 2010

Figure 2.2.8

Percent change in forest sector employment, 2000-2010

Figure 2.2.9

Material flow along the process chain of coniferous sawnwood in Germany

Figure 2.3.1

Share of different naturalness classes, by region, 2015

Figure 2.3.2

Share of undisturbed forest in total forest area

Figure 2.3.3

Average volume of standing and lying deadwood for ECE East and ECE Central, 2000-2010

Figure 2.3.4

Standing and lying deadwood as percent of growing stock, 2015

Figure 2.3.5

Percentage of forest designation - conservation of biodiversity on forest area, 2000-2010

101

Figure 2.3.6

Chain-of-custody certificates (FSC and PEFC), by region

101

Figure 2.3.7

Chain-of-custody certificates, by country

107

Figure 2.4.1

Total forestry ODA from ECE countries, by region

108

Figure 2.4.2

Total ODA from ECE countries, 2011-2012

109

Figure 2.4.3

Recipients of ECE forestry ODA in 2012 by region

109

Figure 2.4.4

Total forestry ODA by component

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

BREEAM Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method C

carbon

CBD

The Convention on Biological Diversity

CDM

Clean Development Mechanism

CEPF

European Confederation of Forest Owners

CIS

Commonwealth of Independent States

CITES

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

COC

chain of custody

COFFI

Committee on Forests and the Forest Industry

CPF

Collaborative Partnership on Forests

CSO

civil society organizations

DAC

Development Assistance Committee

EFC

European Forestry Commission

EFI

European Forest Institute

EFSOS

European Forest Sector Outlook Study

ETS

emission trading system

EUTR

European Union Timber Regulation

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FLEGT

Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade

FMP

forest management plan

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

FRA

Forest Resources Assessment

FSC

Forest Stewardship Council

FTE

full time equivalent

GDP

gross domestic product

GNP

gross national product

GOF

Global Objectives on Forests

gigatonne

GVA

gross value-added

IAF

International Arrangement on Forests

IPCC

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ITTO

International Tropical Timber Organization

IUCN

International Union for Conservation of Nature

JWEE

Joint Wood Energy Enquiry

LCA

life-cycle assessment

LEED

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

MCPFE

Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests

megatonne

NAFSOS North American Forest Sector Outlook Study

NAI

net annual increment

NLBI

Non Legally Binding Instrument

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

NWFP

non-wood forest products

ODA

official development assistance

OECD

The Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development

PEFC

Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification

PES

payment for ecosystem services

RPA

Resources Planning Act

RUFSOS Russian Forest Sector Outlook Study SFM

sustainable forest management

UNCCD

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

UNECE

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USDA

United States Department of Agriculture

VPA

voluntary partnership agreement

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

FOREWORD BY UNFF SECRETARIAT

The United Nations Forum on Forests will review the effectiveness of the current International Arrangement on Forests (IAF) this year at its 11th Session (UNFF11). A central part of the IAF is the Non Legally Binding Instrument on All Types of Forests (Forest Instrument), adopted in 2007 by the General Assembly, with its commitment to the four Global Objectives on Forests, the first formal commitment on forest issues at the global level. Fifteen years after the establishment of the original IAF, and nearly 25 years after the Rio Conference which launched the global dialogue on forests, it is time to review what has happened on the ground, in objective terms, using the global commitments as a framework. Are we moving in the right direction? Where are the successes, where are the challenges and how do we address them? The answers to these questions should be the foundation of the post-2015 international arrangement on forests. UNFF is carrying out the review of the IAF at the global level through three major components: submissions by countries and relevant stakeholders, such as the Collaborative Partnership on Forests (CPF) and its member organizations and major groups; an open-ended intergovernmental ad hoc expert group; and an independent assessment of the IAF. An important dimension of the review is the regional one: regions bring together countries with economic, social and ecological similarities, and enable a different type of analysis, more focused and closer to reality. Increasingly, UNFF is adopting a regional approach, which may be strengthened in future.

For that reason, I welcome the initiative by the UNECE Committee on Forests and the Forest Industry (COFFI), and the FAO European Forestry Commission (EFC), supported by the Joint UNECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section, to prepare a regional input to UNFF11. This study, based on the best available and most recent data, will enrich the discussions of UNFF11. It also highlights developments in the ECE Region, which traditionally has not been at the centre of the global dialogue, as this has focused on urgent tropical forest issues. The ECE Region contains about half of the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s forests, and has its own set of issues and challenges, which are clearly formulated in this study. The constructive cooperation between bodies of the UN system, national governments and stakeholders, including regional forest sector processes, shows what can be done at the regional level, and could be an example for other regions. I take this opportunity to thank, on behalf of the UNFF Secretariat, all those who have made this study possible, notably the UNECE COFFI, the FAO EFC, their Joint Section, the member States, and the forest expert community in the ECE region.

Manoel Sobral Filho Director, United Nations Forum on Forests Secretariat

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

FOREWORD BY UNECE AND FAO

The ECE Region is rich in forest resources with a forest area of 1.89 billion ha â&#x20AC;&#x201C; an astounding 41.4% of the global total. Further, the majority of the global wood based production is located in the region and there is increasing recognition of the value of natural capital and forest ecosystem services. Yet the forest sector, as well as many outside of it, is ever more concerned with changes in market prices and supply and demand patterns, production processes and investment as well as the need to improve livelihoods and address the impacts of climate change and loss of biodiversity in the region. At the global level, the United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF) is currently engaged in a review of the International Arrangement on Forests for discussion at its 11th Session in May 2015. And what happens at the global level should promote further action and engagement at the regional level. Thus, the FAO European Forestry Commission and the UNECE Committee on Forests and the Forest Industry, at their joint session in Rovaniemi in December 2013, mandated the Joint UNECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section to develop an ECE Region wide study on progress towards the achievement of the Global Objectives on Forests and sustainable forest management, and on existing challenges for forests and the forest sector. The results of this study are contained in this joint publication, serving as a regional input to the discussions on the global forest related arrangements. In addition to the status and trends of forest resources in the region, this peer-reviewed study focuses on the social, economic and environmental aspects of forestry, and the sustainability and financing of forest management. It has been developed as the collaborative effort of lead experts on the issues, from all parts of the region, supported by national correspondents and the UNECE/FAO Team of Specialists on Monitoring of Sustainable Forest Management.

It is essential, in our view, to ensure that information and analysis about forests in the ECE region are developed and shared with relevant global forums related to forest policy and governance. We hope it will help lay the groundwork for finding opportunities to address current challenges in achieving the Global Objectives on Forests during the review of the International Arrangement on Forests, by exchanging experiences and evidence from ongoing studies in the region. It is also timely given the current negotiations on the post 2015 development agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals, including those relevant for forests and the forest sector. We firmly believe that forests, managed in a sustainable manner with full recognition of all the benefits they provide - social, environmental and economic - continue to have a significant role to play in our path towards sustainable development.

Christian Friis Bach Executive Secretary United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

Vladimir Rakhmanin Assistant Director-General Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This study is the result of the active cooperation of many people, and is based on the results of decades of international cooperation in many institutions and forums, notably the UNECE Committee on Forests and the Forest Industries, and the FAO European Forestry Commission, which have been working together to serve the forest sector of the region since 1947. The work was carried out by a small team led by Kit Prins, who was the coordinating lead author of the study. The project manager was Roman Michalak. The authors were Andrey Filipchuk (forest area and trends), Gert-Jan Nabuurs (climate change, carbon stocks and flows), Jari Parviainen (conservation of biodiversity), Guy Robertson (global objective 2) and Markku Simula (global objective 4, certification, consumption of sustainably produced products). Markus Lier compiled, reviewed and processed the source data. The editorial work was carried out by Matthew Fonseca, the publication was graphically designed by Carolina Rodriguez and Valentina Frigerio (blossoming.it), and Christophe Barrull organized and supervised the printing process of the study. The work was carried out under the direction of Paola Deda, Acting Director of the UNECE Forests, Land and Housing Division, Ivonne Higuero, Chief of the UNECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section, Christoph D端rr, Chair of the Committee on Forests and Forest Industry and Rob Busink, Chair of the European Forestry Commission, as well as Heikki Granholm, former Chair of the Committee on Forests and the Forest Industry. Thoughtful comments and suggestions were received from several countries. The study benefited from the thorough review and comments provided by: Graham Stinson, Simon

Bridge and Michael Swift (Canada), Nikolai Ivanov, Boris Moiseyev and Maria Palenova (Russian Federation). Lyubov Polyakova (Ukraine), Sheila Ward and Pat Snowdon (United Kingdom), Jeff Prestemon and Jennifer Conje (United States). The study team is grateful to all the experts and participants at the various meetings, who significantly improved the quality of the study. Studies like this are not possible without long term structured cooperation of many experts. The best available international data sets were used, and are referenced in the study. Each of these datasets is the result of cooperation between national and international experts over many years, in addition to the major investment in collecting and analysing the basic scientific measurements. The contribution provided by the national correspondents and experts, who verified and supplemented data for the purpose of this study, also should be recognized. The first complete draft was discussed at a workshop organised during the 2014 meeting of the UNECE/FAO Team of Specialists on Monitoring Sustainable Forest Management, and a revised draft was presented and discussed at the session of the UNECE Committee on Forests and Forest Industry in Kazan, Russian Federation in November 2014. Finally, the study would not have been possible without the generous support provided by the Governments of Finland, Germany, the Russian Federation, Switzerland and USA. The UNECE and FAO are deeply grateful for their continued support to the organizationsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; efforts to promote sustainable forest management in the ECE Region.

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

BACK BA CKGR GROUND OUND AND PROCESS PROCESS In 2007, the General Assembly adopted the Non-Legally Binding Instrument on All Types of Forests (Forest Instrument), which includes four global objectives on forests that member States committed themselves to achieve. This study is the contribution of the UNECE Committee on Forests and the Forest Industry (COFFI) and the FAO European Forestry Commission (EFC) to the eleventh session of the United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF), which will assess progress towards the global objectives as a part of the process of revieving the International Arrangement on Forests. It has been prepared by the secretariat, using the best available international data. Countries have been consulted as regards the data; the study itself was discussed in draft form at a workshop organized by the joint UNECE/FAO Team of Specialists on Monitoring Sustainable Forest Management (21-22 October 2014 in Geneva, Switzerland) and at the 72nd session of the UNECE Committee on Forests and the Forest Industry (COFFI) held in Kazan, Russian Federation (18-21 November 2014). The final draft was circulated to countries for comment in December 2014 and those comments have been taken into account when preparing the final version. The scope of the study is the ECE Region, which includes all members of COFFI and EFC. (Figure 1.4.1 and Annex 1) OVER VERVIEW VIEW OF PROGRESS PROGRESS TO TOWARDS THE GLOBAL GLOBAL OBJECTIVES ON FORESTS FORESTS GLOBAL OBJECTIVE 1: REVERSE THE LOSS GLOBAL LOSS OF FOREST FOREST COVER COVER WORLD WORLDWIDE WIDE THROUGH THROUGH SUST SU STAINABLE AINABLE FOREST FOREST MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT,, INCLUDING INCLUDING PRO PROTECTION, RESTORA RESTORATION, TION, AFFOREST AFFORESTA ATION AND REFOREST REFORESTA ATION, AND INCREASE EFFOR EFFORTS TS TO TO PREVENT FOREST FOREST DEGRADA DEGRADATION Has forest cover in the ECE Region expanded or declined? What have been the contributions of afforestation and reforestation? Forest cover has been expanding in all parts of the region for several decades. The net increase between 2000 and 2015 was 28.1 million ha, or 1.5% of the total area of forest and other wooded land in 2000. Natural expansion onto former agricultural land accounts for most of the increase, but afforestation in the context of public programmes has played a significant role in some countries.

What are the major biomass and carbon stocks and flows connected to forests of the ECE Region, and what has been the role of forest management in their development? The total stock of carbon in aboveground living biomass in the ECE member States amounts to 64.3 Gt of carbon and in harvested wood products to over 5 Gt. The total forest biomass carbon sink – the carbon sequestered each year by ECE Region forest ecosystems - amounts to 255 million tonnes of carbon per year between 2005 and 2010. The ECE forests are a significant carbon sink although there is uncertainty over the exact size of the sink, and its underlying causes. Forest management has the possibility to continuously maintain a carbon stock over larger forest estates, while at the same time sustainably producing wood products and biomass for bioenergy. There is a risk of unintended carbon emissions through fire, insects, wind etc. What is the area of sustainably managed forest in the ECE Region, and how fast is it increasing? Three ways have been used to estimate the trends in area of sustainably managed forest: about 80 per cent of the ECE forests are already under forest management plans or equivalent. Between 2006 and 2013, the area of forests certified as sustainably managed in the ECE Region expanded by 45%. Almost all ECE member States are members of one or more regional processes of criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management, notably the Montréal Process and FOREST EUROPE. Taken together these trends indicate that there are very significant areas of sustainably managed forest in the ECE Region, and that this share has been growing over the past two decades – or that there is a stronger ability and determination to demonstrate this trend. How much forest degradation is taking place in the ECE Region, and what protection and restoration is being undertaken? There is no objective information on forest degradation, as there are major problems of definition and measurement. It is clear, however, that in the ECE Region there are local or regional occurrences of forest degradation from a variety of causes including fire, insects and storms, but also fragmentation around urban areas, mining, radiation, land mines and other damage from war and conflict. GL GLOBAL OBAL OBJECTIVE 2: 2: ENHANCE FOREST FOREST-BASED -BASED ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENT ENVIR ONMENTAL AL BENEFITS, INCLUDING INCLUDING BY BY IMPRO IMPROVING THE LIVELIHOODS OF FOREST FOREST DEPENDENT PEOPLE Have the economic benefits supplied by ECE Region forests increased or decreased? The forest sector’s contribution to GDP in the ECE Region has fallen in absolute terms, and its share in the Region’s economy has declined from 1.2% to 0.8% over a decade. Employment in the forest sector has fallen as well, notably because of higher labour productivity. The recession which started in 2008 has also increased unemployment and economic hardship in forest dependent communities and regions.

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

Have the social benefits supplied by ECE Region forests increased or decreased? There has probably been increased access to forests for recreation, as more people in urban areas use forests. Forest management planning increasingly recognises amenity and use values. However, forest fragmentation and degradation of forest health may be reducing the social benefits available in some areas. Safety and health of forest workers are a cause for concern. Have the environmental benefits supplied by ECE Region forests increased or decreased? The area of protected forests has increased and supply of environmental benefits is increasingly considered in management strategies. Conservation credit exchanges and payment for environmental services are discussed a lot, but are still rare in practice. There is continuing pressure on forest habitats. Forest fragmentation, degradation and the conversion of primary forests to secondary or plantation forests will also reduce the supply of environmental benefits, particularly with regard to the conservation of native biodiversity. Have the livelihoods of forest dependent people been improved? This issue is being increasingly recognised in the ECE Region, but so far has been little analysed. Endemic poverty persists in many indigenous communities and other rural forested areas. Sharp declines in forest sector employment have resulted in reduced livelihoods and caused hardship to unemployed workers and their communities, particularly in timber dependent areas. Does the forest sector in the ECE Region contribute to climate change mitigation? Forest ecosystems sequester carbon from the atmosphere, and store it over long periods, in the forest ecosystem, and, after harvest, in forest products. In addition, the use of products and energy from sustainably managed forests to substitute for non-renewable materials and energy sources contributes to climate change mitigation. There is potential to further develop all these approaches, although, there are tradeoffs between these strategic objectives as well as with other forest management objectives. GL GLOBAL OBAL OBJECTIVE 3: INCREASE SIGNIFICANTLY SIGNIFICANTLY THE AREA OF PRO PROTECTED FORESTS FORESTS WORLD ORLDWIDE WIDE AND OTHER OTHER AREAS OF SUST SUSTAINABL AINABLYY MANAGED MANAGED FORESTS, FORESTS, AS WELL AS THE PROPOR PR OPORTION TION OF FOREST FOREST PRODUCTS PRODUCTS FROM FROM SUST SUSTAINABL AINABLYY MANAGED MANAGED FORESTS FORESTS Has the area of forests protected for conservation of biodiversity, including by active management, increased or decreased? Integrated forest management approaches, emphasizing the biodiversity component, have expanded in the whole ECE Region during the last 20 years. The benefits for biodiversity can already be seen in the recorded increase of the dead wood component in commercially managed semi-natural forests. The area of forests protected for biodiversity has increased continually during the 20 years period in the whole ECE Region, to about

12% in 2015. In some ECE countries the international commitments on biodiversity, notably the Aichi biodiversity targets, are being implemented, although there is no authoritative progress report yet. In others, however, much remains to be done. Has the share of consumption of products from sustainably managed forests increased? There are many indications that the share of consumption of forest products from sustainably managed forest has increased significantly over the last decade. The potential supply of certified forest products increased by about 30% between 2007 and 2013. The number of chain of custody certificates grew even faster: the total was 3.5 times more in 2014 than in 2006. In addition, an increasing number of public sector initiatives, notably the US Lacey Act and the EU Timber Regulation, are promoting consumption of sustainably produced forest products and discouraging unsustainably produced forest products. Rules for green public procurement have been changed to allow, in some circumstances, preference for sustainably produced products. GLOBAL OBJECTIVE 4: REVERSE THE DECLINE IN OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE ASSISTANCE FOR FOR SUST SU STAINABLE AINABLE FOREST FOREST MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT AND MOBILIZE SIGNIFICANTLY SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED, INCREASED, NEW AND ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL RESOURCES RESOURCES FROM FROM ALL SOURCES SOURCES FOR FOR THE IMPLEMENTA IMPLEMENTATION OF SUST SU STAINABLE AINABLE FOREST FOREST MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT What are the trends for official development assistance for sustainable forest management? The total annual bilateral ODA to forestry from the ECE countries in 2011-2012 was more than five times the volume in 2005-07. In 2009-12 the ECE countries represented 7580% of the total bilateral forestry ODA. The total amount of ODA for sustainable forest management is certainly higher, as ODA for forestry is also reported under other headings, such as climate change (e.g. REDD+), and the figures above do not include multilateral development assistance. What financial resources from all sources have been supplied for the implementation of sustainable forest management inside the ECE Region? Domestic public financing includes budgets for state forest organisations (when they are not self supporting), support to R&D and transfer payments to private owners. Payment for environmental and social services provided by forests is being developed slowly. Most private financing has come from private forest owners, notably through wood sales revenue. However, investment by private financial institutions is rapidly growing in importance. CHALLENGES AND OPPOR OPPORTUNITIES TUNITIES FOR FOR THE ECE REGION IN IMPLEMENTING THE GLOBAL GL OBAL OBJECTIVES On the basis of the developments summarized above, as well as the outlook and policy commitments by ECE member States, a number of major challenges for the ECE Region forest sector were identified. They are presented below, in summary form. It should be

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

stressed that these are challenges which are difficult yet desirable to achieve; even though they are not formal commitments by ECE Region governments or stakeholders. 1

Prot Pr otect ect the forests forests

Governments and forest managers must act strategically to protect the forests of the ECE Region from all threats, notably those linked to climate change, and increase the resilience of forests faced by changes which are hard to predict at present. Strategies should be adaptive: their success or failure should be monitored, and the strategies changed, if necessary, in the light of experience. 2

Contribute to Contribute to climate climate change change mitigation mitigation throu through gh carbon sequestration sequestration and stor storag agee in forests for ests and prod products, ucts, and throu through gh substitution.

The ECE Region forest sector is already contributing to climate change mitigation by carbon sequestration and storage in forests and products, and by substituting for non-renewable materials and energy. However, it is clear that the contribution could be significantly increased in all four areas. There are also challenges arising from tradeoffs between the four main directions, as well as between them and other forest functions, notably conservation of biodiversity. 3

Mobilise significantly significantly more more wood for energy energy,, on a sustainable sustainable basis

To reach the renewable energy goals, the volume of wood supplied and used as a source of energy would have to increase significantly over a relatively short period. To achieve these ambitious goals some or all of the following would be needed: unprecedented wood mobilisation from private forests, using more of the tree biomass, even stumps; using all residues for raw material or energy; and improving the recovery of wood products after use. The policy challenge is to reconcile the objectives for renewable energy, sustainable forest management, wood products industries, and trade, which sometimes conflict and, if so decided, to make a significant investment of resources and political will to mobilise significant volumes of wood for energy, without unacceptable damage to other parts of the forest sector, or the environment, inside and outside the ECE Region. 4

Exclude Excl ude all unsustainably unsustainably prod produced uced forest forest prod products ucts from from ECE Re Region markets, markets, while while helping countries outside the re region to to fight ille illegal logging logging and other unsustainable unsustainable practices pr actices

Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in fighting illegal logging, and other unsustainable practices, inside and outside the ECE Region. The challenges facing the region with regard to sustainably produced forest products are: to finish putting in place effective and fair market access regulations, removing all loopholes, to continue to help exporting countries in developing regions to achieve sustainable forest management (thereby gaining full access to ECE Region markets), and to ensure that wood based products do not face unfair restrictions on consumer markets because of the cost of achieving and demonstrating sustainable forest management.

Promot Pr omotee the consumption of sustainably sustainably prod produced uced forest forest prod products ucts

Increased consumption of forest products from sustainable sources contributes to climate change mitigation, the economic sustainability of the forest sector, job creation or maintenance, and the development of the green economy, and should therefore be promoted. The promotion efforts should be devoted to communication and marketing, but also to regulatory questions. 6

Tak akee the le lead in dev devel eloping oping the green green economy economy, sharing experience experience with other sector sectors, s, and le learning from from them

The emerging “Green Economy” will necessitate new approaches in every sector to improve human well-being and social equity while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. The forest sector already displays many green characteristics. However, the sector should become more “green”; indeed take the lead in certain respects. The Rovaniemi Action Plan for the Forest Sector in a Green Economy suggests a wide range of activities by all parts of the forest sector, to be undertaken on a voluntary basis through ad hoc partnerships. The policy challenge is to implement the Rovaniemi Action Plan to a broad extent, with the active involvement of the private sector, civil society and all stakeholders. 7

Put the forest forest work force force on a sustainable sustainable basis, dramaticall dramaticallyy impro improving safety safety and health he alth of forest forest worker workers, s, and pro providing necessary necessary skills for a changing world world

The forest workforce in the ECE Region has significant problems with occupational safety and health. Forest workers often have lower than average wages, relatively low social prestige, and have to work in remote areas, in uncomfortable conditions. It has become difficult to recruit enough forest workers with appropriate skills for the changing forest work, the average age of the work force is growing and some forest managers may be uneasy in their changing roles. The challenges in developing a sustainable forest workforce are to make forest jobs more attractive, to adapt training and education to bring them into line with the changing requirements, to redesign forestry training to cover the new skills required by forest managers, and to work more closely with other disciplines. 8

Continue to to help countries in other re regions achiev achieve sustainable sustainable forest forest management management

Despite the recorded increase in bilateral ODA, and the many multilateral ODA and capacity building exercises, deforestation, illegal logging and other unsustainable practices continue in many regions. Reversing deforestation must be a priority, even in those regions, like the ECE Region, where forest area is stable or expanding. The challenge to Governments and the forest sector in the ECE Region is to support and facilitate the efforts to halt deforestation, through financial and technical assistance, sharing of experience and capacity building, increasing the effectiveness of the funds supplied, and in particular, to maintain or increase levels of funding, whether bilateral or multilateral ODA or private investment.

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

Seek mechanisms to to finance forest forest functions on a fair and sustainable sustainable basis, for exampl xamplee throu through gh valuation valuation of forest forest ecosyst ecosystem em services and payment payment for ecosyst ecosystem em services

The valuation of ecosystem services provided by forests, i.e. the benefits derived from the forest, should be promoted and applied so as to provide a basis for capturing these values. In so doing, the so far invisible benefits of forests are made visible, and measures to support and finance sustainable forest management through instruments such as payments for ecosystem services could then be put in place. The challenge facing ECE Region governments, forest owners and forest stakeholders is to develop and establish, in an equitable and efficient way, a transparent and objective institutional and governance system to achieve this. 10 Buil Build d capacity throu throughout ghout the ECE Re Region The challenge for several ECE countries, mostly in the Balkans, around the Caucasus and in Central Asia is to put their forest sectors on the path to sustainable forest management, as they are threatened by factors including remoteness and lack of infrastructure, transition and changes in structures and society, including the need to improve governance, illegal logging, lack of and threat to protective functions because of low forest cover, and lack of priority for the forest sector in national development plans. The challenge for other ECE countries is to support them in this effort. A necessary first step is to ensure that national development plans recognise the importance of forest sector issues. Sustainable forest management should be addressed at the highest policy level, because of, not despite, the low forest cover in many of these countries. 11 Devel elop op a culture culture of innovation, innovation, in the face of structural structural change change The actors of the forest sector must function in an increasingly competitive and rapidly changing political, economic and technological environment, sometimes dominated by large, extremely dynamic, enterprises with a culture of rapid and successful innovation. The policy challenge for the development of a culture of innovation is to put in place the necessary framework conditions, such as finance, skills and workforce, and to promote the necessary innovative spirit, while maintaining the commitment to sustainable forest management. 12 Address Address the social and economic probl problems ems of forest forest dependent people people in the ECE Region â&#x20AC;&#x201C; remot remotee rural rural communities, indigenous indigenous peoples peoples and forest forest owners owners There are pockets of deprivation in forested areas of the ECE Region, particularly in the large forest areas of North America and Russia, where climate and geography exacerbate the problem. Low revenue from forestry and closures of local mills have made the situation worse. Many indigenous peoples, notably in North America, have unresolved ownership claims on large forest areas. Millions of private forest owners in the ECE Region have holdings which are below the critical size for economic management. The challenge is to ensure that the forest is part of the solution to the problems of isolated poor rural

communities in forest areas, not a factor exacerbating their isolation and poverty. 13. Maintain and impro improve forest forest biodiver biodiversity sity,, throu through gh prot protect ected ed are areas and active active management manag ement There is still the potential to improve forest biodiversity in all parts of the region, by expanding protected areas, where necessary, and by expanding the use of integrated management in forests outside protected areas. The challenge with regard to biodiversity is to ensure that international commitments, notably the Aichi targets, are met, that all forest ecosystem types are properly covered in protected area networks, and that biodiversity is maintained and improved also on multi-functional forest land. The challenge is further exacerbated by the fact that dynamic forest disturbance processes in several countries pose a potential threat to native biodiversity. Global climate change may accelerate these processes. It is also a challenge to monitor progress with regard to forest biodiversity, and to base policies on a wide consensus of stakeholders, some of whom have contradictory interests, especially in a context of restrictions on public spending, which applies across the whole ECE Region.

INTRODUCTION

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

1.1 MANDATE At their joint session in December 2013 (Metsä 2013), the UNECE Committee on Forests and the Forest Industry (COFFI) and the FAO European Forestry Commission (EFC) addressed the outcome of the 10th session of the United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF) and its implications for the ECE Region, and in particular regional inputs to UNFF. “The joint secretariat introduced this agenda item, recalling that the publication, “Forests and Economic Development,” was prepared as regional input to the 10th meeting of the United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF10). The joint secretariat indicated that a similar input could be prepared by the Joint UNECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section for the next meeting of UNFF, focusing on progress made towards the achievement of the global objectives on forests and SFM, and on challenges for forests and the forest sector in the ECE Region. In the ensuing discussion, participants noted the usefulness and the high level of interest in the publication issued for UNFF10. Similarly, they underscored the importance of providing regional input to UNFF11 based on the information available in 2014. This publication should be focused on the issues described above and should not address

the general political discussion under the International Arrangement on Forests. The Committee and the Commission mandated the Joint UNECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section to develop a study on progress towards the achievement of the global objectives on forests and SFM, and on challenges for forests and the forest sector in the ECE Region, and to submit the draft of the study for comments to member States during 2014, in order to issue the final study in time for it to be presented at the 11th session of the UNFF in mid2015”.1 This study has been prepared in accordance with the mandate given by Metsä 2013. It has been prepared by a team of experts in close cooperation with the Forestry and Timber Section. A first draft was reviewed by the UNECE/FAO Team of Specialists on Monitoring Sustainable Forest Management in October 2014, and then by the COFFI session in November 2014. A revised version, taking account of these comments was circulated for written comment by countries. The final version is being made available to delegates at UNFF11 in May 2015.

1.2 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY There has been intense activity as regards sustainable forest management, at the global and regional levels, since the early 1990s. At the global level, important landmarks were the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio, which approved the so-called Forest Principles, leading to a series of discussions and commitments, culminating in 2007 in the approval by the UN General Assembly of the Non Legally Binding Instrument on all

ECE/TIM/2013/2 FO: EFC/2013/2, paras. 61-62

Types of Forest (NLBI), wherein countries committed themselves to moving towards the four global objectives on forests, which are an integral part of the NLBI. At the regional level, there has also been intense activity, initially centred around existing bodies such as the UNECE Committee on Forests and the Forest Industry, and the FAO Regional Forestry Commissions, including those for North

America and Europe. These bodies were joined by regional processes, notably, in the ECE Region, the Montréal Process and FOREST EUROPE, which generated commitments to sustainable forest management and attempts to define and monitor it through criteria and indicators. There has been increasing dialogue between the global and regional processes. For instance, in 2012, the UNECE provided input to UNFF10 on forests and economic development, and there has been continuing coordination of data collection, verification and distribution, for instance through the Joint Forest Sector Questionnaire and the Combined Forest Resource Questionnaire. In May 2015 UNFF11 will review the International Arrangement on Forests on the basis, among other things, of a review of progress towards the global objectives and regional assessment. This study intends to contribute to this review, and in particular to: •

objectives, on the basis of the best available data and analysis; •

On this basis, to identify challenges and opportunities for the region, especially for policy makers;

•

To pioneer a regional approach to the global objectives;

•

To communicate the results to a wider public in simple clear language.

As a regional input, it will focus on the ECE Region, and not address trends and challenges in other regions. The global objectives are not expressed as quantified targets, and do not contain a specific monitoring mechanism. Therefore to assess progress towards them in an objective way, it has been necessary to formulate questions, relevant to the global objectives, which can be answered in a quantified and objective way. Taken together, the answers to these questions provide the elements of an objective assessment of progress towards the global objectives by the ECE Region.

Describe progress towards the global

1.3 DATA SOURCES AND QUALITY The foundation of the study is the regular international datasets collected by international organisations, notably, the global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA)2 of FAO, FAOSTAT and the panEuropean reporting arrangements. UNECE/ FAO is an active partner in maintaining all these datasets. These data are backed up by data supplied directly by national authorities, other international agencies and articles in academic publications or journals. Every attempt has been made to use official data, but when these were not available, other data sources have been used. When data quality gives

uncertainty to the main conclusions, the authors have drawn attention to this in the text. Countries have been asked to check the data for their country. The complete dataset will be made available to all when the study is published. The reference year for many tables is 2015, as country correspondents were asked to make “forecasts” for that year, when they supplied data in 2013. Given the slow pace of change in most forest related parameters, this is a justifiable approach and does not significantly reduce the accuracy of the data.

Data from 2010 and previous editions of FRA was used for the production of the study; FRA 2015 and related reports of the Collaborative Forest Resources Questionnaire (CFRQ) partners will be released at the World Forestry Congress (September 2015) and will provide an additional source of data for countries in the ECE region.

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

There are a number of small member countries of UNECE and FAO, with very small forest resources, and corresponding gaps in statistics: Andorra, Holy See, Liechtenstein, Malta, Monaco, and San Marino. Where data are available for these countries, they are included in the database, and the regional totals, but developments in these countries

1.4 COUNTRY GROUPS

are not commented upon in the text. Likewise dependencies outside the region of UNECE countries, some of which have significant forest resources, are not included, either for their forests, land area or population. Nor is Greenland, which is an autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark, but without any forests.

The ECE Region is large, including about half the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s forests, and is varied climatically, ecologically, socially and politically. Several member States also have wide internal variation. Three countries, Canada, Russia and the USA, each have more forest than the remaining 53 countries put together. Nevertheless, a subdivision into country groups is necessary for comprehension and analysis, even though no breakdown is perfect. The study presents information by country group, but all the analysis is based on data by country.

In this study, the ECE Region has been broken down into four country groups: ECE East, ECE Central, ECE South-East and ECE West, as shown in Figure 1.4.1. The exact list of countries is in annex 1. In addition, for the convenience of policy makers, the tables and statistical annexes also provide data for the European Union (EU-28), a subset of ECE Central. The main features of the country groups are briefly described below. Table 1.4.1 and Figures 1.4.2-1.4.5 show a few key quantities and ratios which characterise each group.

Table 1.4.1 Key data and ratios for the country groups, 2015

Source: Annex 3

Area of forest and other wooded land

Forest cover

Ratio of forest area to population

Share of urban population

Million ha

Ha/head

2010 $/head

ECE East

909.2

52.9

4.5

72%

8,061

ECE Central

206.9

42.3

0.4

73%

35,371

56.2

11.4

0.3

58%

7,572

719.3

37.6

2.1

82%

48,652

1,891.6

41.0

1.5

73%

31,101

181.2

42.9

0.4

74%

35,231

ECE South-East ECE West ECE Region EU-28

Country groups reflect the similar situation of forests and their management and are not intended to represent any existing or possible political or institutional settings.

Average GNP per head

Figure 1.4.1 Country groups used in the study

ECE East ECE Central ECE South-East ECE West Other

Figure 1.4.2 Forest and other wooded land in percent of land area, 2015 Source: Annex 3

61 - 76% 46 - 60% 31 - 45% 16 - 30% 0 - 15% no data

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

Figure 1.4.3 Forest and other wooded land per inhabitant, 2015 Source: Annex 3

6.01 - 11.41 ha/inhabitant 3.01 - 6.00 ha/inhabitant 2.01 - 3.00 ha/inhabitant 1.01 - 2.00 ha/inhabitant 0.01 - 1.00 ha/inhabitant no data

Figure 1.4.4 Share of urban population, 2010 Source: Annex 3

0 - 30% 31 - 45% 46 - 60% 61 - 75% > 75% no data

Figure 1.4.5 GDP per capita, 2010 Source: Annex 3

54,001 - 86,830 USD/capita 30,001 - 45,000 USD/capita 15,001 - 30,000 USD/capita 5,001 - 15,000 USD/capita 730 - 5,000 USD/capita no data

ECE EAST This region includes 48% of the ECE Regionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s forests, mostly in the Russian Federation. These are mostly boreal forests, but there are other forest types. Many of these forests are undisturbed, and extremely remote, with harsh climatic conditions. Fires and insects influence large areas of forest, but in remote areas these may be considered a part of normal ecosystem processes: there is little damage to settlements or infrastructure, which are sparse in these regions, although the associated carbon flows are significant. In addition to the remote boreal forests, there are production forests in the western and southern part of the region.

All four countries in the region were part of the former Soviet Union, and have retained many of its structures with regard to forests, notably the fact that almost all forest land is publicly owned. The average GNP/head is relatively low ($8,061). There are some strong, export-oriented, forest industries, but downstream processing is not as developed as policy makers would wish. Illegal logging, for domestic use, or for export, is an issue in some countries, especially in remote areas of productive forests. Consumption of forest products is rather low, considering the abundance of the resource. The urban population is 72%, so the rural areas are very sparsely populated.

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ECE CENTRAL The 40 European countries in this group are very diverse ecologically, ranging from boreal to Alpine to semi-desert conditions, and include a few large countries with extensive rural areas, as well as many smaller countries. In general, however, the region is densely populated. There are practically no pure natural forests in the region, and many of the forests are the result of centuries of management in ways determined by the ecological and social conditions in the area. At the national level, forest cover ranges from over 70% to around 10%. In the highly modified landscapes, forests are often one of the few quasi-natural features and have major recreational functions. A few countries in the region have major forest industries, often export oriented, which provide employment and revenue. Elsewhere, forestsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; major importance in society is for biodiversity, landscape amenities and recreation, although almost all forests in this group of countries are managed with multiple functions in mind. Most countries in ECE Central are quite prosperous, with an average GNP/head of over $35,000, and a population which is 73% urban. Levels of consumption of forest products are quite high. Nearly 60% of

forests in ECE Central are privately owned, with millions of private forest owners, many with very small holdings. The relatively low forest cover and the high population density in many parts of the region mean that each inhabitant of ECE Central has less than half a hectare of forest, considerably less than in ECE East and West (4.5 and 2.1 ha/ head respectively). As a result, there are sometimes conflicts about priorities between forest owners and users. All the countries in this region are either members of the EU, aspire to become members or have strong links with it, so decisions taken at the EU level are very influential, even though there is no specific EU forest policy. There is a very complex national and international policy environment, with policy areas such as climate change, energy, rural development and environment interacting strongly with forest policy, at many levels, including EU, national and sub-national (in countries where responsibility for forest policy is at the sub-national level).

ECE SOUTH-EAST This group includes UNECE countries in central Asia and the Caucasus, as well as Turkey and Israel. Many countries in the group have low forest cover â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the average for the group is 11.4%, compared to 42% for the ECE Region. Many of them are also mountainous, sometimes with a harsh climate, which gives the protective function of forests major importance. When deforestation has occurred, over the recent or historical past, the lack of protective functions is keenly felt by societies in this group. Apart from Turkey and Israel, the countries in this group were part of the former Soviet Union and many of them face challenges arising from the process of transition from a centrally planned economy. As their forest sectors generate relatively little income, and the countries are dependent

on imports of forest products, forest issues are often given low priority in national development strategies; in this respect Turkey is an exception, as it has a long standing forest expansion programme, strong forest institutions, and a substantial wood products sector. The average GNP/ head of this group of countries, at just under $8,000 is about a third of the ECE regional average. Although few reliable statistics exist, it appears that in many of these countries, forests are threatened by erosion and overcutting, often for fuelwood, as well as illegal logging of the few valuable species. Forest dependent people face poverty and even hardship. Most are dependent on imports for their consumption of forest products, although Turkey is a producer of many products that it exports, including to other countries in the region.

ECE WEST This country group consists of only two countries, Canada and the USA, which are both very large with a vast extent of forests (38% of the ECE Region total). Many of these forests are natural or near-natural, especially in the boreal region, as well as in the mountainous regions at the West of the continent. In both countries, forest disturbances occur, mostly as a result of natural events such as fires and insect outbreaks. Recently there has been a major outbreak of Mountain Pine Beetle in the West of the Continent. Most of Canadaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s forest land (90%) is owned and managed on behalf of Canadians by provincial and territorial Governments (public land). The provinces and territories use a variety of tenure arrangements to grant rights and responsibilities to companies operating in public forests. The USA has very extensive, publicly owned forests, especially in the west of the country, many of which are managed primarily for biodiversity, recreation and related non-consumptive uses. Elsewhere, private forests are

predominant. Some of these, especially in the US South, benefit from excellent growing conditions and are one of the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s major wood supply regions, and the base for a significant forest industry. Both countries are advanced economies (average GNP/head over $48,000), with strong forest industries and trade. The forest sector makes a major contribution to both economies, and provides employment, especially in rural and remote areas. Canadaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population is small compared to its land and forest area, and it is a major exporter of forest products, above all to the markets of the USA. In some regions, expanding settlements are putting pressure on surrounding forest areas, causing fragmentation, and exacerbating fire management problems by exposing more people to fire risk. Despite the large forest areas, and remote undisturbed areas with major biodiversity, the populations of both countries are overwhelmingly urban (82%).

1.5 STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY Chapter 1 has presented the mandate, and process of the study, as well as a brief overview of the salient characteristics of the country groupings used in the study. Chapter 2, the longest chapter of the study, and the one most focused on data and analysis, presents the main trends for progress towards each global objective, structured around questions which can be answered in an objective and quantified way. It provides overview tables, figures and maps to present the data in an attractive way. It ends with a brief overview of the main conclusions as regards progress of the ECE Region towards the four global objectives.

Chapter 3 presents the main challenges and opportunities facing the forest sector of the ECE Region as regards its progress towards the global objectives. This chapter is based on the description and analysis of chapter 2, as well as the forest sector outlook studies and the Rovaniemi Action Plan for the forest sector in a green economy, which are briefly summarised in this chapter. These challenges and opportunities have been presented to and discussed by government representatives, although responsibility for the study remains with the authors, and the challenges and opportunities have not been formally adopted by any of the sponsoring bodies.

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 1: COUNTRY COUNTRY GROUPS GROUPS47 ECE East: East: Belarus, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Ukraine (4 countries) ECE Centr Central: al: Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (40 countries) ECE South-East South-East:: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (10 countries) ECE W West est:: Canada, United States of America (2 countries)

Country groups groups refl reflect ect the similar situation of forests forests and their management management and are are not intended intended to to repr represent esent any any existing or possible possible political or institutional settings. settings. 47

140

ANNEX 2: 2: REFERENCES MAIN INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL SOURCES SOURCES FOR FOR ALL PAR PARTS TS OF THE STUDY STUDY FAO. 2012. The Russian Federation Forest Sector Outlook Study to 2030 (RUFSOS). Rome, Italy. FOREST EUROPE, UNECE and FAO. 2011. State of Europeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Forests 2011: Status and Trends in Sustainable Forest Management in Europe, Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe. Oslo, Norway. UNECE/FAO. 2011. The European Forest Sector Outlook Study II 2010-2030 (EFSOS II), (ECE/ TIM/SP/28). Geneva, Switzerland. UNECE/FAO. 2012. The North American Forest Sector Outlook Study 2006-2030 (NAFSOS) (ECE/TIM/SP/29). Geneva, Switzerland. UNECE/FAO. 2014. Forest Products Annual Market Review 2013-2014 (ECE/TIM/SP/36), Geneva, Switzerland. UNECE/FAO. 2014. National data supplied by ECE member countries, notably through the pan-European reporting process. Geneva, Switzerland.

PROGRESS OGRESS TO TOWARDS THE GLOBAL GLOBAL OBJECTIVES CHAPTER 2 PR OBJECTIVE 1 Canadell, J. Raupach, M. 2008. Managing forests for climate change mitigation. Science. Vol. 320 no. 5882 pp. 1456-1457 European Forest Institute. 2013. Implementing Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management in Europe. EFI. Joensuu, Finland. Gardiner, B. Schuck, A. Schelhaas, M-J. Orazio, C. Blennow, K. Nicoll B. (ed.). 2013. Living with Storm Damage to Forests. European Forest Institute (Series What Science Can Tell Us, no. 3) Joensuu, Finland. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2007. Climate Change 2007-Mitigation of Climate Change: Working Group III Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC. Cambridge University Press. Jackson, R.B. Baker, J.S. 2008. Opportunities and constraints for forest climate change mitigation. Bioscience 60: 698-707.

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Kurz, W. A. Dymond, C. C. Stinson, G. Rampley, G. J. Neilson, E. T. Carroll, A. L. Ebata, T. Safranyik, L. 2008. Mountain pine beetle and forest carbon feedback to climate change. Nature, 452(7190), 987-990. Le Quéré, C. Peters, G. P. Andres, R. J. Andrew, R. M. Boden, T. Ciais, P. Yue, C. 2013. Global carbon budget 2013. Earth System Science Data Discussions, 6(2), 689-760 Lindner, M. Fitzgerald, J. B. Zimmermann, N. E. Reyer, C. Delzon, S. van der Maaten, E. Schelhaas, M-J. Hanewinkel, M. 2014. Climate change and European forests: What do we know, what are the uncertainties, and what are the implications for forest management?. Journal of environmental management, 146, 69-83. Malmsheimer, R.W. Heffernan, P. Brink, S. Crandall, D. Deneke, F. Galik, C. Gee, E. Helms, J.A. McClure, N. Mortimer, M. Ruddell, S. Smith, M. Stewart J. 2008. Forest Management Solutions for Mitigating Climate Change in the United States. Journal of Forestry 106:115–173. Nabuurs, G. J. Lindner, M. Verkerk, P. J. Gunia, K. Deda, P. Michalak, R. Grassi, G. 2013. First signs of carbon sink saturation in European forest biomass. Nature Climate Change. Pan, Y. Birdsey, R. A. Fang, J. Houghton, R. Kauppi, P. E. Kurz, W. A. Phillips, O. Hayes, D. 2011. A large and persistent carbon sink in the world’s forests. Science, 333(6045), 988-993. Stinson, G. Kurz, W. A. Smyth, C. E. Neilson, E. T. Dymond, C. C. Metsaranta, J. M. Boisvenue, C. Blain, D. 2011. An inventory-based analysis of Canada’s managed forest carbon dynamics, 1990 to 2008. Global Change Biology, 17(6), 2227-2244. Source: Annex 3. unfccc.int: http://unfccc.int/national_reports/annex_i_ghg_inventories/national_ inventories_submissions/items/8108.php. OBJECTIVE 2 Bonan, B. B. 2008. Forests and Climate Change: Forcings, Feedbacks, and the Climate Benefits of Forests. Science, vol. 320 no. 5882 pp. 1444-1449. FAO. 2014. Contribution of the forestry sector to national economies, 1990-2011, by A. Lebedys and Y. Li. Forest Finance Working Paper FSFM/ACC/09. FAO, Rome. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Synthesis. Island Press, Washington. 155pp. Rüter, S. (2011). Welchen Beitrag leisten Holzprodukte zur CO2-Bilanz? AFZ - Der Wald 66(15): 15-18. UNECE/FAO. 2014. Timber Database 2013-2014. Available at: www.unece.org/forests

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U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service. 2011. National report on sustainable forests—2010. FS-979. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 212 p. http://www.fs.fed.us/research/sustain/, (accessed August 2013). OBJECTIVE 3 Dam, J. van & Savenije, H. 2011. Enhancing the trade of legally produced timber. A guide to initiatives. Tropenbos International, Wageningen European Commission. 2003. Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament: Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT). Proposal for an EU Action Plan. Finnish Forest Research Institute (Metla). 2013. Finnish Statistical Yearbook of Forestry 2013. Vantaa, Finland. Martin, R. M. & Baharuddin, H.G. 2013. Draft report on analysis of the economic impact of governmental procurement policies on tropical timber markets. ITTO. CEM-CFI(XLVII)/5 31 October 2013 Mutanen, A. Viitanen, J. Toppinen, A. Hänninen, R. Holopainen, P. 2005. Metla Working Paper No 9. Forest Resources, Production and Exports of Roundwood and Sawnwood from Russia. Vantaa, Finland. Natural Resources Canada. 2005. The State of Canada’s Forests 2004-2005: The boreal forest. Canadian Forest Service, Headquarters, Planning, Operations and Information Branch, Ottawa. 96 p. Nature protected areas in the Russian Federation (Особо охраняемые природные территории Российской Федерации). 2015. www.zapoved.ru Nature protected areas of Russia (Особо охраняемые природные территории России). 2015. oopt.info Simula, M. 2010. The pros and cons of procurement: Developments and progress in timber procurement policies as tools for promoting the sustainable management of tropical forests. ITTO Technical Series No 34. ITTO, Yokohama. UNECE/FAO. 2013. Forest Products Annual Market Review 2012-2013. Geneva. OBJECTIVE 4 Asen, A. Savenije, H. Schmidt, F. (eds.). 2012. Good Business: Making Private Investments Work for Tropical Forests. Tropenbos International, Wageningen, the Netherlands.

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Collaborative Partnership on Forests. 2012. 2012 study on forest financing. Advisory Group on Finance. Dasos Capital. 2013. Future prospects for forest products and timberland investment. October 2013. Helsinki. European Commission. 2009. Report on implementation of forestry measures under the rural development regulation 1698/2005 for the period 2007-2013. Forest Europe/UNECE/FAO. 2011. State of Europe’s Forests 2011. Status and trends in sustainable forest management in Europe. Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe. Aas, Norway. Peters-Stanley, M. & Gonzalez, G. 2014. Sharing the Stage State of the Voluntary Carbon Markets 2014. Executive Summary. A Report by Forest Trends’ Ecosystem Marketplace. Peters-Stanley, M., & Yin, D. 2013. Maneuvering the mosaic: State of the voluntary carbon markets 2013. A Report by Forest Trends’ Ecosystem Marketplace & Bloomberg New Energy Finance, Washington, DC, 126. Simula, M. 2008. Financing flows and needs to implement the Non-Legally Binding Instrument on All Types of Forests. Prepared for the Advisory Group on Finance of the Collaborative Partnership on Forests. PROFOR. Washington, D.C. Timber Mart-South Market News Quarterly. 2013. UNECE/UNEP/FAO. 2014. The value of forests. Payments for ecosystem services in a green economy. Geneva Timber and Forest Study Paper 34. Geneva. UNFCCC. 2014. Revised background paper on coherence and coordination: the issue of financing for forests, taking into account different policy options. Standing Committee on Finance. SCF/2014/7/5/Rev. 1. 26 September 2014.

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ANNEX 3 SOURCE SOUR CE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 1. Basic country data Table 2. Forest area Table 3. Growing stock Table 4. Carbon stock Table 5. Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) Table 6. Increment and fellings Table 7. Wood removals Table 8. Disturbances affecting forest health and vitality Table 9. Ownership and management Table 10. Contribution of the forest sector to the GDP Table 11. Employment in the forest sector Table 12. Trade in wood Table 13. Biological diversity Table 14. Certification

145

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 1a Basic country data

Country

146

Land area (1,000 ha)

Forest and other wooded land (1,000 ha)

Forest and Other wooded land in percent of land area

2015

2000

2005

2010

2015

2010

2015

20,748 3,287 1,637,687 57,938 1,719,660 2,875 45 8,245 3,028 5,120 10,864 5,592 924 7,722 4,243 4,239 30,409 54,919 34,877 12,890 8,961 10,025 6,888 29,411 6,229 16 6,268 259 32 2 1,345 3,388 30,427 30,622 9,068 22,998 6 8,836 4,810 2,014 49,919 41,033 4,000

9,190.7 428.5 880,875.1 9,551.0 900,045.3 1,030.5 16.0 3,955.0 694.4 2,734.0 3,480.0 2,300.0 385.5 2,637.3 721.0 2,450.7 23,283.0 17,093.0 11,354.0 6,525.0 1,907.0 158.8 684.0 10,019.0 3,364.0 7.4 2,103.0 88.2 0.3 0 744.1 360.0 13,982.0 9,059.0 4,560.6 6,600.0 0 2,981.0 1,921.0 1,271.0 27,337.0 30,595.0 1,257.0

8,935.3 428.5 881,959.1 9,616.0 900,938.9 1,043.0 16.0 3,978.0 704.2 2,734.0 3,677.0 2,387.0 386.7 2,647.4 600.0 2,465.0 23,300.0 16,748.0 11,384.0 6,532.0 1,983.0 171.1 745.0 10,467.0 3,415.0 7.4 2,194.0 88.2 0.3 0 744.1 365.0 13,962.0 9,200.0 4,577.2 6,743.0 0 2,997.0 1,932.0 1,272.0 27,540.8 30,762.0 1,284.0

9,170.6 428.5 890,948.0 9,574.0 910,121.1 1,043.3 16.0 4,000.0 714.0 2,778.3 3,761.0 2,474.0 386.1 2,657.4 634.0 2,453.0 23,019.0 17,163.0 11,409.0 6,539.0 2,046.4 182.0 772.9 10,789.0 3,467.0 7.4 2,254.0 88.2 0.3 0 964.3 373.0 14,043.0 9,329.0 4,742.2 6,919.0 0 3,123.0 1,938.9 1,272.0 27,525.4 30,505.0 1,304.0

9,228.8 428.5 889,855.1 9,683.0 909,195.4 1,237.2 16.0 4,022.0 719.1 2,799.2 3,845.0 2,491.0 386.2 2,667.4 657.0 2,455.5 23,019.0 17,579.0 11,419.0 6,539.0 2,190.4 193.3 801.2 11,110.0 3,468.0 7.4 2,284.0 88.2 0.3 0 964.3 376.0 14,124.0 9,435.0 4,907.2 6,951.0 0 3,228.0 1,940.0 1,271.0 27,626.7 30,505.0 1,324.0

44 13 54 17 53 36 36 49 24 54 35 44 42 34 15 58 76 31 33 51 23 2 11 37 56 46 36 34 1 0 72 11 46 30 52 30 0 35 40 63 55 74 33

44 13 54 17 53 43 36 49 24 55 35 45 42 35 15 58 76 32 33 51 24 2 12 38 56 46 36 34 1 0 72 11 46 31 54 30 0 37 40 63 55 74 33

Belarus Moldova Russian Federation Ukraine ECE East Albania Andorra Austria Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia United Kingdom ECE Central Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia Israel Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkey Turkmenistan Uzbekistan ECE South-East Canada United States of America ECE West

2,543

1,101.0

1,118.0

1,103.4

1,130.5

24,250 489,341 2,820 8,263 6,949 2,164 269,970 19,995 14,210 76,963 46,993 42,540 490,867 998,467 916,193 1,914,660

2,974.0 201,733.6 349.0 990.0 2,832.7 186.0 18,130.0 1,161.3 552.0 20,862.0 4,127.0 4,806.7 53,996.7 388,668.0 319,113.0 707,781.0

3,041.0 203,211.2 328.0 990.0 2,798.4 188.0 18,959.0 1,182.1 552.0 21,248.5 4,127.0 4,199.0 54,572.0 388,442.0 320,209.0 708,651.0

3,079.0 204,875.3 307.0 990.0 2,829.3 187.0 19,788.0 1,343.9 552.0 21,537.1 4,127.0 4,149.5 55,810.8 388,168.0 324,682.0 712,850.0

3,164.0 206,941.2 307.0 990.0 2,829.3 225.0 19,788.0 1,343.9 554.0 21,862.5 4,127.0 4,149.5 56,176.2 387,935.0 331,374.0 719,309.0

13 42 11 12 41 9 7 7 4 28 9 10 11 39 35 37

13 42 11 12 41 10 7 7 4 28 9 10 11 39 36 38

ECE Total

4,614,528

1,863,556.6

1,867,373.1

1,883,657.2

1,891,621.8

EU-28

424,102

177,721.9

179,134.7

180,310.7

181,917.2

UN Statistics Division, FAO/FRA (2000, 2005, 2010), Joint FOREST EUROPE/UNECE/FAO pan-European reporting (2011, 2014), national contacts and sources, secretariatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s estimates - for more detailed information about sources of data and methods of estimation see web-based version.

Population total (1,000 inhabitants)

Forest and other wooded land per inhabitant (ha/inhabitant)

2000

2005

2010

2012

2000

2005

2010

2015

10,274 4,380 147,196 50,658 212,508 3,063 75 8,177 10,239 3,839 8,279 4,477 778 10,262 5,282 1,412 5,165 58,886 82,178 10,626 10,076 279 3,705 57,343 2,389 32 3,682 450 386 33 622 15,735 4,478 38,740 9,873 22,402 26 8,152 5,382 1,989 39,634 8,892 7,344

9,832 3,595 142,814 48,008 204,249 3,020 66 8,115 10,446 3,836 7,780 4,508 776 10,183 5,397 1,345 5,215 59,991 82,631 11,075 10,072 290 4,019 57,573 2,303 34 3,439 450 401 33 622 16,250 4,606 38,160 10,436 21,858 28 8,152 5,390 1,995 41,286 8,985 7,382

9,679 3,562 141,394 45,992 200,627 2,919 84 8,337 10,840 3,773 7,593 4,423 862 10,319 5,458 1,341 5,304 62,036 82,264 11,137 10,012 315 4,437 59,604 2,259 36 3,321 481 407 33 622 16,528 4,858 38,104 10,677 21,361 31 7,291 5,400 2,015 44,486 9,205 7,541

9,465 3,560 143,056 45,634 201,715 2,896 77 8,466 11,220 3,837 7,305 4,268 862 10,511 5,587 1,340 5,401 63,556 81,932 11,290 9,919 321 4,437 60,851 2,032 36 3,008 525 418 33 622 16,730 5,172 38,538 10,542 21,356 33 7,164 5,408 2,057 46,163 9,519 7,996

0.9 0.1 6.0 0.2 4.2 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.1 1.7 4.5 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.2 1.4 0.2 0.6 0.2 0 0 1.2 0 3.1 0.2 0.5 0.3 0 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 3.4 0.2

0.9 0.1 6.2 0.2 4.4 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.1 1.8 4.5 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.2 1.5 0.2 0.6 0.2 0 0 1.2 0 3.0 0.2 0.4 0.3 0 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 3.4 0.2

0.9 0.1 6.3 0.2 4.5 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.1 1.8 4.3 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.2 1.5 0.2 0.7 0.2 0 0 1.5 0 2.9 0.2 0.4 0.3 0 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 3.3 0.2

1.0 0.1 6.2 0.2 4.5 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.1 1.8 4.3 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.2 1.7 0.2 0.8 0.2 0 0 1.5 0 2.7 0.2 0.5 0.3 0 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.6 3.2 0.2

Country

2,011

2,062

2,041

2,061

0.5

58,886 515,280 3,525 7,697 5,006 6,101 16,269 4,669 6,127 67,804 4,384 23,942 145,524 30,686 276,218 306,904

60,413 520,623 3,050 8,280 4,521 6,798 14,958 5,099 6,806 71,727 4,931 25,930 152,100 32,242 293,507 325,749

62,759 530,514 3,077 8,731 4,307 7,051 15,521 5,414 7,627 73,723 5,044 27,191 157,686 34,005 311,666 345,671

64,106 537,596 3,274 9,296 4,491 7,901 16,673 5,352 8,161 78,152 5,044 29,555 167,900 34,005 313,914 347,919

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.6 0 1.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.9 0.2 0.4 12.7 1.2 2.3

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.6 0 1.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.4 12.0 1.1 2.2

0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.7 0 1.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.4 11.4 1.0 2.1

0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.6 0 1.2 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.3 11.4 1.1 2.1

1,180,215

1,202,721

1,234,499

1,255,130

1.6

1.5

ECE Total

485,325

490,492

500,970

507,347

0.4

EU-28

147

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 1b Basic country data Urban population (% and absolute number) Country

148

2000

2005

2010

% number (1,000)

number (1,000)

74 55 77 72 75 39 95 65 97 43 70 57 56 66 86 74 65 75 87 60 67 92 58 67 74 19 74 92 90 0 60 89 74 65 38 58 96 52 61 52 77 83 62

7,572 2,387 113,783 36,474 160,215 1,294 71 5,282 10,262 1,639 5,770 2,565 437 6,783 4,521 1,045 3,337 44,400 71,741 6,365 6,701 257 2,160 38,362 1,768 6 2,728 414 348 0 373 14,051 3,408 25,258 3,702 12,926 25 4,255 3,261 1,040 30,677 7,407 4,575

71 55 73 67 71 44 89 66 97 45 70 59 69 74 85 70 61 76 88 61 66 93 60 67 66 14 67 92 92 0 60 66 80 62 55 55 93 52 58 51 77 83 68

7,006 1,959 104,668 32,309 145,943 1,411 59 5,340 10,117 1,720 5,458 2,680 538 7,580 4,612 935 3,177 45,887 72,955 6,770 6,601 269 2,417 38,839 1,521 5 2,293 414 368 0 373 10,777 3,577 23,640 5,752 11,948 26 4,255 3,112 1,013 31,617 7,494 4,985

% number (1,000)

1,239

1,229

1,367

89 74 70 57 60 91 61 40 33 74 45 42 63 77 77 77

52,585 383,042 2,457 4,380 3,014 5,558 9,973 1,858 1,623 50,243 1,990 10,080 91,175 23,908 212,688 236,596

89 74 64 50 52 92 56 34 25 67 46 37 57 81 80 80

53,871 385,637 1,960 4,141 2,338 6,232 8,363 1,727 2,042 47,892 2,248 9,472 84,373 25,351 236,068 261,418

90 73 64 52 53 92 58 36 26 69 49 37 58 80 82 82

56,484 386,575 1,969 4,540 2,283 6,487 9,002 1,949 1,983 50,869 2,472 10,061 89,631 27,204 255,566 282,770

ECE Total

871,028

877,372

902,476

EU-28

365,900

367,728

367,934

73 55 73 68 72 47 89 67 97 47 71 57 70 73 87 69 63 77 74 61 67 92 61 68 68 14 67 82 94 100 60 82 77 61 59 54 93 52 56 48 77 84 73

7,066 1,941 103,218 31,275 143,499 1,530 75 5,586 10,272 1,773 5,391 2,521 603 7,533 4,748 925 3,342 47,768 60,875 6,794 6,708 290 2,707 40,531 1,536 5 2,225 394 383 33 373 13,553 3,840 23,243 6,299 11,535 29 3,821 3,024 967 34,254 7,732 5,505

GNP per capita (USD) 2000

2005

2012

Country

1,800

2,830

4,570

27,230 19,381 660 610 750 18,790 1,260 280 170 4,190 600 630 3,093 22,530 35,740 34,419

41,010 29,068 1,520 1,270 1,360 21,220 2,950 450 320 6,520 1,600 530 4,625 33,950 46,220 45,006

40,470 35,371 3,370 5,370 2,680 29,480 7,440 850 730 9,980 4,070 1,300 7,572 44,450 49,110 48,652

18,050

25,974

31,101

ECE Total

19,497

29,170

35,231

EU-28

1,380 370 1,710 700 1,426 1,170 18,570 26,690 25,980 1,450 1,680 5,290 13,440 6,320 32,660 4,150 26,420 25,150 26,170 13,180 4,650 31,540 23,920 21,820 3,220 79,080 3,200 39,100 10,510 90,840 3,650 28,470 35,860 4,690 12,140 1,700 41,080 1,530 5,520 11,350 15,900 31,220 43,490

2,820 890 4,460 1,540 3,632 2,710 31,310 38,500 37,630 2,940 3,700 9,870 21,490 12,380 49,620 9,670 40,090 36,010 35,880 22,510 10,410 50,730 43,570 32,390 6,950 92,660 7,580 70,340 14,380 128,380 3,650 42,010 62,760 7,400 18,550 3,920 41,080 3,630 11,330 18,460 25,930 45,350 61,550

5,990 1,820 10,010 2,990 8,061 4,450 31,310 49,180 47,200 4,680 6,630 13,740 28,280 19,210 60,820 14,390 49,320 43,790 44,780 27,580 13,050 36,740 43,760 37,690 12,680 92,660 12,260 69,340 20,090 128,380 6,890 53,320 86,830 12,580 22,930 8,430 41,080 5,850 17,130 24,540 32,130 53,810 77,360

149

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 2a Forest area Country Belarus Moldova Russian Federation Ukraine ECE East Albania Andorra Austria Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia United Kingdom ECE Central Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia Israel Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkey Turkmenistan Uzbekistan ECE South-East Canada United States of America ECE West

150

Forest (1,000 ha)

Other wooded land (1,000 ha)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2000

2005

2010

2015

8,275.7 428.5 809,268.5 9,510.0 827,482.7 769.0 16.0 3,838.0 667.3 2,185.0 3,375.0 1,885.0 171.6 2,637.3 585.0 2,243.0 22,459.0 15,289.0 11,354.0 3,601.0 1,907.0 28.8 635.0 8,369.0 3,241.0 6.9 2,020.0 86.8 0.3 0 626.2 360.0 12,113.0 9,059.0 3,342.8 6,366.0 0 2,460.0 1,921.0 1,233.0 16,976.9 28,163.0 1,194.0

8,436.0 428.5 808,790.0 9,575.0 827,229.5 782.0 16.0 3,851.0 674.2 2,185.0 3,651.0 1,903.0 172.9 2,647.4 558.0 2,252.0 22,162.0 15,861.0 11,384.0 3,752.0 1,983.0 36.5 695.0 8,759.0 3,297.0 6.9 2,121.0 86.8 0.3 0 626.2 365.0 12,092.0 9,200.0 3,296.0 6,391.0 0 2,476.0 1,932.0 1,243.0 17,282.1 28,218.0 1,217.0

8,630.0 428.5 815,136.0 9,548.0 833,742.5 776.3 16.0 3,860.0 681.2 2,102.7 3,737.0 1,920.0 172.8 2,657.4 587.0 2,233.9 22,218.0 16,424.0 11,409.0 3,903.0 2,046.4 42.8 725.6 9,028.0 3,354.0 6.9 2,170.0 86.8 0.3 0 826.8 373.0 12,102.0 9,329.0 3,239.1 6,515.0 0 2,713.0 1,938.9 1,247.0 18,247.2 28,073.0 1,235.0

8,633.5 428.5 814,930.5 9,657.0 833,649.5 785.0 16.0 3,869.0 683.4 2,115.0 3,823.0 1,922.0 172.7 2,667.4 612.0 2,232.0 22,218.0 16,989.0 11,419.0 3,903.0 2,069.1 49.2 754.0 9,297.0 3,356.0 6.9 2,180.0 86.8 0.3 0 826.8 376.0 12,112.0 9,435.0 3,182.1 6,861.0 0 2,720.0 1,940.0 1,248.0 18,417.9 28,073.0 1,254.0

915.0 0 71,606.6 41.0 72,562.6 261.5 0 117.0 27.1 549.0 105.0 415.0 213.9 0 136.0 207.7 824.0 1,804.0 0 2,924.0 0 129.9 49.0 1,650.0 123.0 0.5 83.0 1.4 0 0 117.8 0 1,869.0 0 1,217.9 234.0 0 521.0 0 38.0 10,360.0 2,432.0 63.0

499.3 0 73,169.1 41.0 73,709.4 261.0 0 127.0 30.0 549.0 26.0 484.0 213.9 0 42.0 213.0 1,138.0 887.0 0 2,780.0 0 134.6 50.0 1,708.0 118.0 0.5 73.0 1.4 0 0 117.8 0 1,870.0 0 1,281.2 352.0 0 521.0 0 29.0 10,258.7 2,544.0 67.0

540.6 0 75,812.0 26.0 76,378.6 267.0 0 140.0 32.8 675.6 24.0 554.0 213.3 0 47.0 219.0 801.0 739.0 0 2,636.0 0 139.2 47.2 1,761.0 113.0 0.5 84.0 1.4 0 0 137.5 0 1,941.0 0 1,503.1 404.0 0 410.0 0 25.0 9,278.2 2,432.0 69.0

595.3 0 74,924.6 26.0 75,545.9 452.2 0 153.0 35.7 684.2 22.0 569.0 213.5 0 45.0 223.6 801.0 590.0 0 2,636.0 121.3 144.2 47.2 1,813.0 112.0 0.5 104.0 1.4 0 0 137.5 0 2,012.0 0 1,725.1 90.0 0 508.0 0 23.0 9,208.8 2,432.0 70.0

958.0

975.0

960.4

987.5

143.0

2,954.0 175,096.9 304.0 936.0 2,760.6 153.0 3,365.0 858.3 410.0 10,183.0 4,127.0 3,212.0 26,308.9 347,802.0 303,536.0 651,338.0

3,021.0 177,171.2 283.0 936.0 2,772.5 155.0 3,337.0 869.3 410.0 10,662.0 4,127.0 3,295.0 26,846.8 347,576.0 304,757.0 652,333.0

3,059.0 180,017.5 262.0 936.0 2,822.4 154.0 3,309.0 953.8 410.0 11,202.8 4,127.0 3,275.5 27,452.5 347,302.0 308,720.0 656,022.0

3,144.0 181,803.0 262.0 936.0 2,822.4 165.0 3,309.0 953.8 412.0 11,943.0 4,127.0 3,275.5 28,205.7 347,069.0 310,095.0 657,164.0

20.0 26,636.7 45.0 54.0 72.1 33.0 14,765.0 303.0 142.0 10,679.0 0 1,594.7 27,687.8 40,866.0 15,577.0 56,443.0

20.0 26,040.0 45.0 54.0 25.9 33.0 15,622.0 312.8 142.0 10,586.5 0 904.0 27,725.2 40,866.0 15,452.0 56,318.0

20.0 24,857.8 45.0 54.0 6.9 33.0 16,479.0 390.1 142.0 10,334.3 0 874.0 28,358.3 40,866.0 15,962.0 56,828.0

20.0 25,138.1 45.0 54.0 6.9 60.0 16,479.0 390.1 142.0 9,919.5 0 874.0 27,970.5 40,866.0 21,279.0 62,145.0

ECE Total

1,680,226.5

1,683,580.5

1,697,234.6

1,700,822.2

183,330.1

183,792.6

186,422.7

190,799.6

EU-28

154,740.0

156,758.7

159,235.7

160,930.7

22,981.9

22,376.0

21,075.0

20,986.6

Data sources: FAO/FRA (2000, 2005, 2010), Joint FOREST EUROPE/UNECE/FAO pan-European reporting (2011, 2014), national contacts and sources, secretariatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s estimates - for more detailed information about sources of data and methods of estimation see web-based version.

Forest and other wooded land (1,000 ha) 2000

2005

2010

2015

Country

1,101.0

1,118.0

1,103.4

1,130.5

2,974.0 201,733.6 349.0 990.0 2,832.7 186.0 18,130.0 1,161.3 552.0 20,862.0 4,127.0 4,806.7 53,996.7 388,668.0 319,113.0 707,781.0

3,041.0 203,211.2 328.0 990.0 2,798.4 188.0 18,959.0 1,182.1 552.0 21,248.5 4,127.0 4,199.0 54,572.0 388,442.0 320,209.0 708,651.0

3,079.0 204,875.3 307.0 990.0 2,829.3 187.0 19,788.0 1,343.9 552.0 21,537.1 4,127.0 4,149.5 55,810.8 388,168.0 324,682.0 712,850.0

3,164.0 206,941.2 307.0 990.0 2,829.3 225.0 19,788.0 1,343.9 554.0 21,862.5 4,127.0 4,149.5 56,176.2 387,935.0 331,374.0 719,309.0

1,863,556.6

1,867,373.1

1,883,657.2

1,891,621.8

ECE Total

177,721.9

179,134.7

180,310.7

181,917.2

EU-28

151

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 2b Forest area

Country Belarus Moldova Russian Federation Ukraine ECE East Albania Andorra Austria Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia United Kingdom ECE Central Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia Israel Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkey Turkmenistan Uzbekistan ECE South-East Canada United States of America ECE West

152

Annual afforestation (1,000 ha)

Annual natural expansion (1,000 ha)

Annual natural regeneration (1,000 ha)

2000

2005

2010

2000

2005

2010

2000

2005

2010

14.0 n.a. 23.5 5.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2.7 20.7 0.3 0.8 3.0 1.4 7.0 n.a. 5.0 0 9.8 1.4 14.5 12.5 0.3 n.a. 0.6 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 1.0 0.7 20.7 n.a. 1.3 n.a. 1.7 0 0 110.1 n.a. 0.1

19.0 n.a. 11.9 12.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.4 n.a. 6.0 16.5 0.1 0.8 0 1.0 3.0 n.a. 9.0 0 7.7 1.5 8.9 7.6 1.7 n.a. 2.4 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.2 1.0 0.2 16.5 29.7 4.0 n.a. 1.1 0 0 37.0 n.a. 0

4.1 n.a. 6.6 24.2 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1.2 2.9 0.3 5.9 0 0.4 1.0 0.5 3.0 n.a. 9.0 0 5.1 1.2 6.9 1.7 2.3 n.a. 3.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.2 1.0 0.2 5.9 20.5 1.0 n.a. 2.1 0 0 20.8 0 0

n.a. n.a. 43.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 12.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 1.2 3.0 n.a. 2.0 0 n.a. 0.1 0.3 65.4 6.6 n.a. 6.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.1 1.2 5.1 167.6 n.a. 6.3

n.a. n.a. 58.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.2 n.a. 37.3 0.4 n.a. n.a. 0 1.5 2.0 n.a. 2.0 0 n.a. 0.1 0.3 55.9 6.6 n.a. 5.4 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.4 7.4 n.a. n.a. 0 0.8 1.9 52.2 n.a. 7.2

n.a. n.a. 1,262.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.5 n.a. 6.0 0.2 n.a. n.a. 0 1.0 2.0 n.a. 2.0 0 n.a. 0.1 0.3 52.1 0.5 n.a. 6.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.2 5.1 0 n.a. 0.2 1.3 1.4 99.4 25.0 8.1

n.a. n.a. 236.2 8.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2,442.0 6.5 n.a. 3.3 0 20.0 61.0 n.a. 20.4 0 3.4 0.1 n.a. 3.0 10.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 6.5 n.a. 9.9 n.a. n.a. 2.1 1.4 n.a. 75.0 7.3

13.2 n.a. 188.3 12.8 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.4 n.a. 2,777.0 4.8 n.a. 4.1 1.0 12.4 34.0 n.a. 41.1 0 3.3 0.1 n.a. 3.0 22.2 n.a. 9.8 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 4.8 n.a. 11.5 n.a. n.a. 4.4 1.3 n.a. 49.0 7.8

12.2 n.a. 170.8 15.8 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.3 n.a. 2,920.0 5.2 n.a. 4.8 0 15.8 30.0 n.a. 41.1 0 0.1 0.1 n.a. 3.0 23.8 n.a. 7.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 5.2 n.a. 13.1 n.a. n.a. 5.7 1.3 n.a. 34.0 8.2

n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 20.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 5.0 182.0 n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.2 n.a. n.a. n.a. 53.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. 2.0 129.0 n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. 95.6 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 85.0 n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 122.0 n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2.6 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 198.0 n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 61.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 28.0 n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 30.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 3,375.0 n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 26.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 3,660.0 n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 31.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2,529.0 n.a.

ECE Total

n.a.

EU-28

n.a.

Annual planting and seeding (1,000 ha)

Annual coppice (1,000 ha)

Country

2000

2005

2010

2000

2005

2010

20.6 n.a. n.a. 32.3 n.a. 0.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 933.0 42.3 0.1 21.3 4.0 6.0 112.0 n.a. 4.4 0 10.4 1.4 8.8 3.3 8.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 17.8 42.3 n.a. 13.0 n.a. n.a. 11.8 0.7 8.2 123.0 1.4

26.9 n.a. n.a. 37.1 n.a. 0.3 n.a. n.a. 2.4 n.a. 874.0 42.1 0.2 18.4 3.0 6.8 134.0 n.a. 6.4 0 10.1 1.5 8.7 3.0 11.3 n.a. 8.2 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.5 n.a. 11.4 42.1 n.a. 13.9 n.a. n.a. 9.1 0.5 19.4 137.0 1.0

30.3 n.a. n.a. 39.2 n.a. 0.3 n.a. n.a. 1.9 n.a. 817.0 43.2 0.2 20.9 3.0 8.0 112.0 n.a. 6.4 0 6.8 1.2 6.6 2.7 11.8 n.a. 8.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.3 n.a. 13.2 43.2 n.a. 11.0 n.a. n.a. 10.4 0.4 8.9 138.0 0.6

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 34.0 0 0 n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. 0.2 0 6.5 0 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.7 n.a. n.a. 0 0

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 53.0 0 0 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 0.5 0 6.2 0 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.6 n.a. n.a. 0 0.1

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 59.0 0 0 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 0.5 0 6.5 0 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.6 4.1 n.a. 0 0.1

n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 482.0 778.0 n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.2 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 480.0 672.0 n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 401.0 481.0 n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.4 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a.

n.a.

ECE Total

n.a.

EU-28

153

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 3 Growing stock Commercial/available for wood supply

Total growing stock

Forest (million m )

Forest (million m3)

Country

154

2000

2005

2010

2015

2000

2005

2010

2015

1,093 n.a. 69,807 1,207 72,107 59 n.a. 1,038 157 358 526 333 3 678 91 428 1,927 2,119 3,226 n.a. 291 0 n.a. 1,155 496 n.a. 392 26 n.a. 0 68 49 821 1,584 198 1,064 0 211 437 312 n.a. n.a. 403

1,174 n.a. 68,756 1,198 71,129 57 n.a. 1,072 160 358 591 352 3 704 100 414 2,005 2,377 3,341 n.a. 303 0 61 1,269 516 n.a. 398 26 n.a. 0 68 57 893 1,724 185 1,068 0 251 455 351 800 2,397 408

1,300 n.a. 68,234 1,390 70,924 50 n.a. 1,096 166 389 645 371 3 668 105 415 2,099 2,517 3,451 n.a. 315 0 80 1,384 567 n.a. 408 26 n.a. 0 105 61 963 2,028 186 1,089 0 350 429 390 872 2,414 417

1,353 n.a. 67,670 1,438 70,461 50 n.a. 1,121 170 392 699 389 4 671 111 426 2,099 2,697 3,493 n.a. 331 0 104 1,384 616 0 418 26 n.a. 0 105 65 1,033 2,190 n.a. 1,293 0 353 440 394 944 2,390 426

1,339 n.a. 80,270 1,884 83,494 75 n.a. 1,067 157 358 526 360 8 699 94 458 2,085 2,254 3,381 170 325 0 n.a. 1,068 537 2 450 26 0 0 73 61 898 1,736 163 1,346 0 250 463 333 906 2,703 417

1,435 n.a. 80,479 2,004 83,918 59 n.a. 1,102 169 358 591 385 8 735 110 455 2,181 2,512 3,502 177 341 0 69 1,174 557 2 465 26 0 0 73 71 981 1,909 152 1,352 0 298 495 374 1,027 2,907 422

1,598 n.a. 81,523 2,100 85,220 52 n.a. 1,129 179 389 645 406 10 755 113 470 2,320 2,649 3,617 185 359 0 90 1,279 614 2 490 26 0 0 121 76 1,069 2,372 154 1,378 0 415 514 406 1,120 2,948 432

1,669 n.a. 81,488 2,196 85,353 52 n.a. 1,155 188 392 699 415 11 791 120 476 2,320 2,860 3,663 185 377 1 117 1,385 665 2 515 26 0 0 121 81 1,157 2,540 n.a. 1,930 0 418 532 432 1,212 2,989 442

480 19,006 n.a. n.a. 91 0 0 0 0 775 0 0 866 n.a. 37,546 37,546

537 23,379 n.a. n.a. 93 0 0 0 0 828 0 0 921 n.a. 40,319 40,319

595 24,731 n.a. n.a. 94 0 0 0 0 923 0 0 1,017 n.a. 43,092 43,092

652 25,561 n.a. n.a. 94 0 0 0 0 1,032 0 0 1,126 n.a. 43,092 43,092

480 24,008 38 127 445 6 363 27 5 1,132 14 19 2,177 n.a. 30,969 30,969

537 25,653 36 127 456 6 364 30 5 1,209 15 24 2,270 47,320 35,201 82,521

595 27,455 33 127 455 6 364 45 5 1,347 15 26 2,421 n.a. 37,847 37,847

652 28,997 33 127 455 6 364 45 5 1,507 15 26 2,581 n.a. 40,699 40,699

ECE Total

129,526

135,747

139,764

140,240

140,648

194,362

152,944

157,631

EU-28

17,008

21,267

22,380

23,125

21,857

23,384

24,898

26,336

Total growing stock Other wooded land (million m3)

Forest and other wooded land (million m3)

Country

2000

2005

2010

2015

2000

2005

2010

2015

41 n.a. 1,593 n.a. 1,635 7 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 4 n.a. 0 4 7 5 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. 3 n.a. 0 0 2 0 6 0 n.a. 5 0 3 n.a. 2 2 7 1

23 n.a. 1,651 n.a. 1,674 14 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 5 n.a. 0 1 7 11 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. 2 n.a. 0 0 2 0 6 0 n.a. 5 0 3 n.a. 2 2 7 1

16 n.a. 1,775 1 1,793 22 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 6 n.a. 0 1 7 8 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. 2 n.a. 0 0 0 0 7 0 n.a. 5 0 26 n.a. 1 2 5 1

11 n.a. 1,534 1 1,547 22 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 6 n.a. 0 1 7 8 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. 2 n.a. 0 0 0 0 8 0 n.a. 5 0 37 n.a. 1 2 7 1

9,191 429 880,875 9.551 900,045 1,031 16 3,955 694 2,734 3,480 2,300 385 2,637 721 2,451 23,283 17,093 11,354 6,525 1,907 159 684 10,019 3,364 7 2,103 88 0 0 744 360 13,982 9,059 4,561 6,600 0 2,981 1,921 1,271 27,337 30,595 1,257

8,935 429 881,959 9,616 900,939 1,043 16 3,978 704 2,734 3,677 2,387 387 2,647 600 2,465 23,300 16,748 11,384 6,532 1,983 171 745 10,467 3,415 7 2,194 88 0 0 744 365 13,962 9,200 4,577 6,743 0 2,997 1,932 1,272 27,541 30,762 1,284

9,171 429 890,948 9.574 910,121 1,043 16 4,000 714 2,778 3,761 2,474 386 2,657 634 2,453 23,019 17,163 11,409 6,539 2,046 182 773 10,789 3,467 7 2,254 88 0 0 964 373 14,043 9,329 4,742 404 0 3,123 1,939 1,272 27,525 30,505 1,304

9,229 429 889,855 9,683 909,195 1,237 16 4,022 719 2,799 3,845 2,491 386 2,667 657 2,456 23,019 17,579 11,419 6,539 2,190 193 801 11,110 3,468 7 2,284 88 0 0 964 376 14,124 9,435 4,907 6,951 0 3,228 1,940 1,271 27,627 30,505 1,324

n.a.

1,101

1,118

1,103

1,131

n.a. 59 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 12 n.a. 1 82 n.a. n.a. 95 n.a. 174 174

n.a. 69 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 12 n.a. 1 87 n.a. n.a. 101 n.a. 336 336

n.a. 95 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 12 n.a. 1 81 n.a. n.a. 94 n.a. 345 345

n.a. 109 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 12 n.a. 1 73 n.a. n.a. 86 n.a. 414 414

2,974 201,734 349 990 2,833 186 18,130 1,161 552 20,862 4,127 4,807 53,997 388,668 319,113 707,781

3,041 203,211 328 990 2,798 188 18,959 1,182 552 21,249 4,127 4,199 54,572 388,442 320,209 708,651

3,079 198,360 307 990 2,829 187 19,788 1,344 552 21,537 4,127 4,150 55,811 388,168 324,682 712,850

3,164 206,941 307 990 2,829 225 19,788 1,344 554 21,862 4,127 4,150 56,176 387,935 331,374 719,309

1,963

2,179

2,327

2,156

1,863,557

1,867,373

1,877,142

1,891,622

ECE Total

177,722

179,135

173,796

181,917

EU-28

155

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 4a Carbon stock Forest Country

Carbon in living biomass: Below-ground (Million metric tonnes)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2000

2005

2010

2015

370 21 25,736 533 26,660 37 n.a. 292 49 95 126 170 2 273 32 134 546 816 901 57 86 0 27 398 175 0 119 8 0 0 29 20 293 455 72 487 0 107 156 87 341 763 112

415 22 25,787 573 26,797 37 n.a. 301 54 95 142 182 2 287 31 133 569 907 938 59 88 0 31 437 181 0 123 8 0 0 29 21 319 500 72 489 0 114 166 99 389 818 114

468 23 26,000 620 27,112 37 n.a. 306 57 95 155 192 3 294 32 131 597 968 969 62 94 0 40 476 200 0 129 8 0 0 48 24 346 639 73 498 0 183 174 108 424 827 118

468 23 26,000 640 27,132 37 n.a. 312 60 95 167 196 3 309 34 131 597 1,056 1,027 0 98 1 40 514 216 0 136 8 0 0 48 27 372 685 n.a. 622 0 185 181 115 458 836 120

112 5 6,421 129 6,667 12 n.a. 76 10 23 35 52 1 50 5 35 169 233 142 16 21 0 6 98 56 0 27 1 0 0 5 4 84 91 30 112 0 31 34 20 113 254 30

126 5 6,423 139 6,693 12 n.a. 77 11 23 40 55 1 53 6 35 176 258 147 17 22 0 7 108 58 0 28 1 0 0 5 4 90 100 30 112 0 33 36 23 129 273 31

142 5 6,500 138 6,786 12 n.a. 78 12 23 43 59 1 54 6 34 184 279 152 17 23 0 9 117 64 0 30 1 0 0 8 5 97 128 30 114 0 52 38 25 140 276 32

142 5 6,500 143 6,791 12 n.a. 79 12 23 46 60 1 57 7 34 184 308 162 17 24 0 n.a. 127 69 0 31 1 0 0 8 5 104 137 n.a. 185 0 52 39 26 151 279 32

129 7,444 12 46 161 3 105 24 2 477 8 10 848 11,560 13,114 24,674

144 7,927 11 46 165 4 105 26 2 509 8 12 888 11,337 13,684 25,021

159 8,512 10 46 168 4 105 39 2 568 8 13 965 11,218 14,247 25,465

174 8,905 10 46 168 4 105 39 2 639 8 13 1,035 11,218 14,466 25,684

46 1,933 3 8 42 1 31 10 1 127 3 4 231 2,848 2,597 5,508

52 2,063 3 8 43 1 31 11 1 136 4 5 243 2,799 2,709 5,594

57 2,210 2 8 44 1 31 17 1 152 4 6 265 2,774 2,820 2,864

63 2,348 2 8 44 1 31 17 1 170 4 6 10 n.a. 2,864 2,864

ECE Total

59,626

60,632

62,053

62,756

14,338

14,592

12,125

9,139

6,721

7,171

7,636

7,999

1,735

1,858

1,974

2,105

EU-28

156

Carbon in living biomass: Above-ground (Million metric tonnes)

Forest Carbon in dead wood (Million metric tonnes)

Country

2000

2005

2010

2015

3 n.a. 7,228 5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 4 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 17 1 8 15 n.a. 25 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 23 5 n.a. 10 n.a. n.a. 0 3 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 19 15 9 n.a. 21 7

3 n.a. 7,198 5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 5 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 17 1 10 17 n.a. 30 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 25 16 n.a. 11 n.a. n.a. 0 3 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 21 15 10 n.a. 27 7

3 n.a. 7,400 27 n.a. n.a. n.a. 6 2 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 17 1 12 17 n.a. 32 n.a. 4 n.a. 2 27 17 n.a. 11 n.a. n.a. 0 4 2 n.a. 32 n.a. n.a. 0 33 15 6 n.a. 29 8

3 n.a. 7,300 27 n.a. n.a. n.a. 7 2 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 17 1 12 17 n.a. 29 n.a. 5 n.a. n.a. 29 23 n.a. 11 n.a. n.a. 0 4 2 n.a. 32 n.a. 2 0 33 17 6 n.a. 30 8

3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0 5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 4,823 2,244 n.a.

3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0 5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 4,900 2,313 n.a.

3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0 6 n.a. n.a. n.a. 4,923 2,382 n.a.

3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0 6 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2,412 n.a.

n.a.

ECE Total

n.a.

EU-28

157

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 4b Carbon stock Forest Country 2000

2005

2010

2015

237 n.a. 9,500 50 n.a. 12 n.a. n.a. 6 n.a. 6 n.a. n.a. 15 7 n.a. 243 133 202 n.a. n.a. 0 2 27 63 n.a. 49 2 n.a. 0 n.a. 9 n.a. n.a. n.a. 144 0 39 20 7 n.a. 645 20

241 n.a. 9,500 51 n.a. 12 n.a. n.a. 6 n.a. 7 n.a. n.a. 16 6 n.a. 247 137 200 n.a. n.a. 0 2 28 64 n.a. 51 2 n.a. 0 n.a. 9 n.a. n.a. n.a. 144 0 40 20 7 n.a. 640 20

247 n.a. 9,600 51 n.a. 12 n.a. 0 6 n.a. 8 n.a. n.a. 16 7 n.a. 251 138 198 n.a. n.a. 0 6 29 70 n.a. 52 2 n.a. 0 n.a. 9 n.a. n.a. n.a. 147 0 43 22 7 n.a. 633 21

247 n.a. 9,600 51 n.a. 12 n.a. n.a. 6 n.a. 8 n.a. n.a. 17 8 n.a. 251 n.a. 197 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 30 71 n.a. 52 2 n.a. 0 n.a. 9 n.a. n.a. n.a. 155 0 44 22 13 n.a. 630 21

n.a.

48 n.a. 9 n.a. 54 0 n.a. 21 n.a. 193 n.a. n.a. n.a. 11,583 4,415 n.a.

49 n.a. 8 n.a. 54 0 n.a. 21 n.a. 202 n.a. n.a. n.a. 11,666 4,437 n.a.

50 n.a. 7 n.a. 54 0 n.a. 23 n.a. 212 n.a. n.a. n.a. 116,393 4,507 n.a.

51 n.a. 7 n.a. 54 0 n.a. 23 n.a. 222 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 4,535 n.a.

ECE Total

n.a.

EU-28

n.a.

158

Carbon in litter (Million metric tonnes)

Forest Soil carbon (Million metric tonnes)

Country

2000

2005

2010

2015

490 n.a. 78,000 238 n.a. 67 n.a. n.a. 57 n.a. 321 n.a. 4 169 99 350 4,069 1,079 705 n.a. n.a. 2 281 684 241 n.a. 145 7 n.a. 0 n.a. 39 n.a. n.a. n.a. 578 0 234 271 122 n.a. 1,839 95

500 n.a. 78,000 239 n.a. 69 n.a. n.a. 59 n.a. 347 n.a. 4 169 103 351 4,061 1,105 725 n.a. n.a. 3 304 716 245 n.a. 153 7 n.a. 0 n.a. 40 n.a. n.a. n.a. 580 0 235 271 122 n.a. 1,874 97

511 n.a. 78,000 239 n.a. 68 n.a. 585 62 n.a. 355 n.a. 4 170 106 346 4,056 1,120 745 n.a. n.a. 4 320 738 248 n.a. 156 7 n.a. 0 n.a. 41 n.a. 822 n.a. 591 0 258 271 123 570 1,877 99

511 n.a. 78,000 239 n.a. 68 n.a. n.a. 64 n.a. 363 n.a. 4 171 103 346 4,056 n.a. 765 0 n.a. 4 n.a. 760 249 n.a. 157 7 n.a. 0 n.a. 41 n.a. n.a. n.a. 608 0 258 271 129 575 1,901 100

n.a.

691 n.a. 11 n.a. 191 4 n.a. 33 32 346 79 n.a. n.a. 19,719 16,423 n.a.

708 n.a. 11 n.a. 191 4 n.a. 33 28 363 79 n.a. n.a. 19,738 16,636 n.a.

717 n.a. 10 n.a. 191 4 n.a. 36 32 381 79 n.a. n.a. 19,753 16,862 n.a.

740 n.a. 10 n.a. 191 4 n.a. 36 32 398 79 n.a. n.a. n.a. 16,950 n.a.

n.a.

ECE Total

n.a.

EU-28

159

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 4c Carbon stock Other wooded land Country

160

Carbon in living biomass: Above-ground (Million metric tonnes)

Carbon in living biomass: Below-ground (Million metric tonnes)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2000

2005

2010

2015

n.a. 1.5 200 n.a. n.a. 4.4 n.a. 1.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 10 n.a. 0 0.9 1.5 1.6 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. 33 0.7 n.a. 0.7 n.a. 0 0 0.5 n.a. 1.9 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0.9 n.a. 0.7 n.a. 2.7 0.2

n.a. 2.2 225 n.a. n.a. 3 n.a. 2.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 11.7 n.a. 0 0.3 1.7 2.1 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. 34 0.7 n.a. 0.6 n.a. 0 0 0.5 n.a. 2.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0.9 n.a. 0.5 n.a. 2.8 0.2

n.a. 2.4 250 n.a. n.a. 3.9 n.a. 2.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 13.4 n.a. 0 0.3 1.8 1.9 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. 35 0.6 n.a. 0.7 n.a. 0 0 0.2 n.a. 2.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 7.1 n.a. 0.5 n.a. 2.2 0.2

n.a. 2.4 200 n.a. n.a. 3.9 n.a. 2.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 13.80 n.a. 0 0.3 1.8 1.9 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. 36.00 0.6 n.a. 0.80 n.a. 0 0 0.20 n.a. 2.6 n.a. n.a. 1.70 0 9.5 n.a. 0.40 n.a. 2.80 0.20

n.a. 0.5 100 n.a. n.a. 12.3 n.a. 0.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 5.3 n.a. 0 0.1 0.4 0.6 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0.2 n.a. 8 0.2 n.a. 0.2 n.a. 0 0 0.1 n.a. 0.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0.2 n.a. 0.2 n.a. 0.9 0.1

n.a. 1.3 110 n.a. n.a. 8.7 n.a. 0.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 6.1 n.a. 0 0.1 0.4 0.8 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0.2 n.a. 8 0.2 n.a. 0.2 n.a. 0 0 0.1 n.a. 0.8 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0.2 n.a. 0.2 n.a. 0.9 0.1

n.a. 1.9 120 n.a. n.a. 11 n.a. 0.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 7 n.a. 0 0.1 0.4 0.7 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0.3 n.a. 8 0.2 n.a. 0.2 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 0.8 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0.9 n.a. 0.2 n.a. 0.7 0.1

n.a. 1.9 100 n.a. n.a. 11 n.a. 0.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 7.2 n.a. 0 0.1 0.4 0.7 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0.3 n.a. 9 0.2 n.a. 0.2 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 0.9 n.a. n.a. 0.4 0 1.2 n.a. 0.2 n.a. 0.9 0.1

n.a.

n.a. n.a. 1.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 3.5 n.a. 0.3 122 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 227 n.a.

n.a. n.a. 1.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 3.5 n.a. 0.3 130 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 228 n.a.

n.a. n.a. 1.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 3.5 n.a. 0.3 121 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 229 n.a.

n.a. n.a. 1.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 3.5 n.a. 0.3 108 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 330.00 n.a.

n.a. n.a. 0.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1.3 n.a. 0.1 52 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 42 n.a.

n.a. n.a. 0.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1.2 n.a. 0.1 55 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 43 n.a.

n.a. n.a. 0.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1.2 n.a. 0.1 51 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 43 n.a.

n.a. n.a. 0.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1.2 n.a. 0.1 45 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 43 n.a.

ECE Total

n.a.

EU-28

n.a.

Other wooded land Carbon in dead wood (Million metric tonnes)

Country

2000

2005

2010

2015

n.a. n.a. 100 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0.1 0 0.4 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0.1 n.a. 0 0 0.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0.1 n.a. 0 n.a. 0.4 0.1

n.a. n.a. 115 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0 0.1 0.4 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0.1 n.a. 0 0 0.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0.1 n.a. 0 n.a. 0.4 0

n.a. n.a. 125 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0 0.1 0.4 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0.1 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0.3 0

n.a. n.a. 110 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0 0.1 0.4 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0.1 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0 0.9 n.a. 0 n.a. 0.3 0

n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 29 n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 29.00 n.a.

n.a.

ECE Total

n.a.

EU-28

161

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 4d Carbon stock Other wooded land Country

162

Carbon in litter (Million metric tonnes) 2000

2005

2010

2015

n.a. n.a. 100 n.a. n.a. 4.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 1.7 n.a. 10 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. n.a. 2.5 n.a. 2 n.a. 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 8.3 n.a. 0.1 n.a. 55.7 1.1

n.a. n.a. 110 n.a. n.a. 4.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0.6 n.a. 10.3 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. n.a. 2.4 n.a. 1.8 n.a. 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 8.3 n.a. 0.1 n.a. 57.7 1.1

n.a. n.a. 125 n.a. n.a. 4.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0.6 n.a. 10.8 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. n.a. 2.4 n.a. 2 n.a. 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 6.6 n.a. 0.1 n.a. 54.9 1.2

n.a. n.a. 110.00 n.a. n.a. 4.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0.6 n.a. 10.8 n.a. 0.00 n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. n.a. 2.4 n.a. 2.50 n.a. 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2.00 0 8.1 n.a. 0.1 n.a. 54.50 1.20

n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 44 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 441 n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 44 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 443 n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 44 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 445 n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 43 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 447.00 n.a.

ECE Total

n.a.

EU-28

n.a.

Data sources: FAO/FRA (2000. 2005. 2010). Joint FOREST EUROPE/UNECE/FAO pan-European reporting (2011. 2014). national contacts and sources. secretariatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s estimates - for more detailed information about sources of data and methods of estimation see web-based version.

Other wooded land Soil carbon (Million metric tonnes)

Country

2000

2005

2010

2015

n.a. n.a. 2,000 n.a. n.a. 24.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 10 n.a. 4.8 0 n.a. 14.7 481 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 14 n.a. 116 7.40 n.a. 6.4 n.a. 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 49.5 n.a. 3.9 n.a. 158.8 5

n.a. n.a. 2,000 n.a. n.a. 22.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2.5 n.a. 4.8 0 n.a. 17.2 479.8 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 15 n.a. 120 7.10 n.a. 5.3 n.a. 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 49.5 n.a. 3 n.a. 168.9 5.4

n.a. n.a. 2,000 n.a. n.a. 23.2 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2.3 n.a. 4.8 0 n.a. 20.7 478.2 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 15 n.a. 123 6.80 n.a. 6 n.a. 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 39 n.a. 2.6 n.a. 162.6 5.5

n.a. n.a. 2,000 n.a. n.a. 23.2 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2.1 n.a. 4.8 0 n.a. 20.7 478.2 n.a. 0.00 n.a. n.a. 16 n.a. 127 6.70 n.a. 7.50 n.a. 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 48.3 n.a. 2.4 n.a. 164.7 5.6

n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 3.5 363 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 667 n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 3 360 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 670 n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 3.5 351 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 673 n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 3.5 344 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 675 n.a.

n.a.

ECE Total

n.a.

EU-28

163

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 5a LULUCF

Country

EU-28

164

Land-use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF), National total emissions, minus being a sink, plus being a source Forest land (Tg CO2 equivalent)

Cropland (Tg CO2 equivalent)

2000

2005

2010

2012

2000

2005

2010

-30.9 n.a. -565.2 -60.2 -656.3 n.a. n.a. -16.0 -3.1 n.a. -10.7 -8.2 -0.2 -7.3 -0.8 1.7 -28.8 -42.1 -70.5 -1.8 -0.5 -0.1 -2.3 -27.2 -14.4 0 -9.6 -0.6 0 n.a. n.a. -3.0 -27.6 -39.3 -12.1 -25.1 n.a. n.a. -8.6 -7.5 -30.7 -47.9 -0.9

-26.7 n.a. -580.5 -56.2 -663.4 n.a. n.a. -8.8 -3.9 n.a. -11.0 -8.3 -0.1 -6.5 0.6 -4.3 -40.1 -63.1 -35.0 -2.0 -4.7 -0.2 -3.5 -36.3 -13.4 0 -3.1 -0.6 0 n.a. n.a. -3.3 -28.7 -53.5 -8.5 -24.1 n.a. n.a. -3.9 -7.5 -32.7 -35.7 -3.1

-30.1 n.a. -680.7 -55.4 -766.2 n.a. n.a. -4.6 -3.8 n.a. -10.6 -7.7 -0.1 -5.2 -4.0 -5.7 -35.9 -61.2 -52.1 -2.0 -3.1 -0.2 -4.5 -36.5 -11.5 0 -10.9 -0.5 0 n.a. n.a. -3.5 -30.9 -37.0 -16.1 -24.8 n.a. n.a. -4.8 -6.8 -34.2 -40.9 -2.5

-25.7 n.a. -676.3 -63.1 -765.2 n.a. n.a. -4.5 -3.8 n.a. -10.4 -6.7 -0.1 -7.3 -4.5 -3.1 -38.4 -70.2 -51.9 -2.0 -3.8 -0.3 -3.9 -30.1 -13.3 0 -9.5 -0.5 0 n.a. n.a. -3.5 -30.8 -39.6 -15.0 -22.5 n.a. n.a. -7.2 -6.7 -34.0 -42.5 -2.7

-0.1 n.a. 200.7 8.1 208.7 n.a. n.a. 0.1 1.6 n.a. 1.9 0.3 n.a. 0.2 3.8 0.1 6.0 20.9 29.8 -0.7 -0.7 1.1 0 2.0 1.6 0 3.6 0 0 n.a. n.a. 0.5 2.0 2.2 1.8 -1.9 n.a. n.a. -0.6 0.5 -0.8 1.9 0

0.4 n.a. 165.2 15.6 181.3 n.a. n.a. 0.2 1.7 n.a. 1.9 0.3 n.a. 0.1 3.5 0.2 6.4 20.7 29.3 -0.5 -0.9 1.1 0.1 1.4 1.6 0 2.4 0 0 n.a. n.a. 0.7 1.9 2.1 1.3 -1.7 n.a. n.a. -0.7 0.5 -0.6 1.9 0.3

-0.1 n.a. 183.0 14.4 197.4 n.a. n.a. 0.2 1.9 n.a. 1.5 0.2 n.a. 0.1 3.3 0.2 6.5 22.0 30.6 -0.3 -1.3 1.1 0.3 1.3 1.4 0 3.6 0 0 n.a. n.a. 1.2 1.9 1.4 0.6 -1.5 n.a. n.a. -0.8 0.5 -1.3 2.1 0.7

n.a.

-17.0 -462.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -1.0 n.a. n.a. -52.0 n.a. n.a. -53.0 -64.5 -426.4 -491.0

-18.0 -463.2 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -3.0 n.a. n.a. -51.3 n.a. n.a. -54.2 43.8 -824.4 -780.6

-18.0 -479.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -5.3 n.a. n.a. -58.8 n.a. n.a. -64.1 68.1 -796.4 -728.3

-16.7 -485.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -9.1 n.a. n.a. -60.8 n.a. n.a. -69.9 n.a. -800.0 -800.0

15.9 93.2 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0.2 n.a. n.a. 0.2 0.3 -14.7 -14.4

14.3 89.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.1 n.a. n.a. 0.1 n.a. n.a. 0.2 -3.8 -0.4 -4.2

12.6 90.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. -0.1 n.a. n.a. -0.1 -5.0 -2.2 -7.2

-1,662.6

-1,961.5

-2,038.1

-2,120.3

287.7

266.8

280.2

-433.7

-431.2

-446.0

-451.6

90.0

86.2

86.5

Data sources: UNFCCC (2015).

Land-use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF), National total emissions, minus being a sink, plus being a source Grassland (Tg CO2 equivalent)

Wetlands (Tg CO2 equivalent)

2000

2005

2010

2000

2005

2010

n.a. n.a. -106.6 1.3 -105.3 n.a. n.a. 0.1 0.4 n.a. -0.6 -0.1 n.a. -0.4 0.2 -0.2 0.5 -16.9 11.1 -0.2 0.3 -0.1 0.7 0.3 -0.1 0 -4.4 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 4.1 0.3 0.8 1.9 -0.6 n.a. n.a. -0.7 0.8 -0.4 -0.3 0.3

n.a. n.a. -153.0 2.1 -150.9 n.a. n.a. 0.4 0.2 n.a. -0.6 -0.2 n.a. -0.4 0.2 -1.4 0.5 -12.6 10.0 -0.3 0.3 -0.1 0.2 -2.8 -0.3 0 -4.7 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 3.8 0.3 0.6 1.3 -0.5 n.a. n.a. -0.2 0.9 0.1 -0.2 0.2

n.a. n.a. -99.4 3.0 -96.4 n.a. n.a. 0 -0.1 n.a. -0.6 -0.1 n.a. -0.4 0.2 0.4 0.3 -11.6 10.4 -0.7 0.2 -0.2 0.1 -4.1 -0.6 0 -3.3 -0.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 4.1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.2 n.a. n.a. -0.2 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.3

0.1 n.a. 18.1 0 18.2 n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. 0.1 0 n.a. 0 0 0.1 1.6 -2.1 2.6 0 0 0 0.5 n.a. 0 0 0.1 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 -0.1 2.9 0.3 -0.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0 0.1 0

0.1 n.a. 17.4 0 17.5 n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. 0.2 0 n.a. 0 0.1 0.1 1.6 -1.8 2.5 0 0 0 0.4 n.a. 0 0 0.1 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0 3.1 0.4 -0.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0

0 n.a. 15.3 0 15.4 n.a. n.a. 0.1 0 n.a. 0.2 0 n.a. 0 0.1 0.2 1.8 -2.4 2.2 0 0 0 0 n.a. 0 0 0.1 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.1 -0.1 3.1 0.4 -0.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.1 0 0.1 0

Country

n.a.

-7.4 -10.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -21.9 n.a. n.a. 1.4 n.a. n.a. -20.5 0.9 -41.9 -40.9

-7.8 -13.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -13.6 n.a. n.a. 1.1 n.a. n.a. -12.6 0.8 -2.7 -1.9

-7.9 -10.6 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -14.7 n.a. n.a. 1.1 n.a. n.a. -13.6 0.3 -1.9 -1.6

0.5 6.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0.3 n.a. n.a. 0.3 3.1 1.2 4.4

0.5 7.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0.4 n.a. n.a. 0.4 3.1 1.1 4.2

0.4 6.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.4 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0.4 2.7 1.0 3.7

-177.4

-178.7

-122.2

29.6

29.0

25.8

ECE Total

-11.1

-13.7

-11.0

6.7

7.0

6.3

EU-28

165

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 5b LULUCF

Country

EU-28

166

Land-use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF), National total emissions, minus being a sink, plus being a source Settlements (Tg CO2 equivalent)

Other land (Tg CO2 equivalent)

2000

2005

2010

2000

2005

2010

n.a. n.a. 27.8 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.1 0.5 n.a. 0.7 0.4 n.a. 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.5 10.9 2.5 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 6.9 0.4 0.0 0.9 0.1 n.a. 0.0 n.a. 0.5 1.5 0.2 1.2 0.5 n.a. n.a. 0.1 0.7 0.7 3.8 0.4

n.a. n.a. 26.1 0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.2 0.6 n.a. 0.7 0.5 n.a. 0.2 0.0 0.3 2.0 13.1 2.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.3 7.7 0.7 0.0 0.5 0.1 n.a. 0.0 n.a. 0.8 1.4 0.1 1.8 0.7 n.a. n.a. 0.1 0.7 1.1 2.9 0.4

n.a. n.a. 14.3 0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.1 0.6 n.a. 1.0 0.6 n.a. 0.1 0.0 0.3 1.2 13.5 3.7 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 7.8 0.8 0.0 n.a. 0.1 n.a. 0.0 n.a. 1.1 1.9 0.1 2.2 0.5 n.a. n.a. 0.1 0.7 1.1 3.3 0.3

n.a. n.a. 18.7 0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.4 0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0.1 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.1 0 n.a. -2.5 1.5 n.a. n.a. 0.1 0.2 0 n.a. 0.1

n.a. n.a. 18.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.3 0.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.1 n.a. 0 n.a. 0.1 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.1 0 n.a. -2.9 0.5 n.a. n.a. 0.2 0.2 0 n.a. 0.1

n.a. n.a. 0.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.2 0.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.1 n.a. 0 n.a. 0.1 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.1 0 n.a. -2.6 1.2 n.a. n.a. 0.1 0.2 0 n.a. 0.1

n.a.

6.5 41.4 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 8.7 -74.9 -66.2

6.3 45.4 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 9.5 -80.5 -71.0

6.2 48.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 9.6 -86.1 -76.5

0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

n.a.

39.5

43.6

45.7

-0.1

-1.4

-0.5

Data sources: UNFCCC (2015).

Land-use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF), National total emissions, minus being a sink, plus being a source Other (Tg CO2 equivalent)

Country

2000

2005

2010

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. -1.3 -0.1 0.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -1.9 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.0 n.a. 0.1 0.0 n.a. -1.0 0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. -0.3 -0.4 0.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -2.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.0 n.a. 0.1 0.0 n.a. -0.8 0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0.6 -0.5 0.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -1.7 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0.0 n.a. 0.1 0.0 n.a. -0.5 0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

n.a.

-0.8 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -126.6 n.a.

-0.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -114.8 n.a.

-1.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -72.8 n.a.

n.a.

ECE Total

-4.8

-4.3

-2.9

EU-28

167

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 6a Increment and fellings Wood on forest available for wood supply Country

Natural losses (1,000 m3)

2000

2005

2010

2000

2005

2010

n.a. n.a. n.a. 28,757 28,757 n.a. n.a. 31,255 4,801 n.a. n.a. 9,343 46 n.a. 5,156 n.a. 83,189 n.a. 121,650 n.a. 11,158 n.a. 6,963 34,510 25,280 n.a. 10,430 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1,394 2,382 29,869 72,600 20,197 34,037 n.a. 6,600 n.a. 7,974 33,642 83,797 9,693

n.a. n.a. n.a. 28,500 28,500 n.a. n.a. 30,622 4,825 n.a. n.a. 9,667 45 n.a. 4,626 n.a. 93,867 n.a. 121,533 n.a. 11,754 n.a. 6,963 35,872 25,280 n.a. 10,430 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1,394 2,895 31,280 72,600 20,002 34,171 n.a. 6,700 n.a. 8,959 35,418 83,797 10,103

n.a. n.a. n.a. 28,500 28,500 n.a. n.a. 30,622 4,829 9,311 n.a. 9,438 52 n.a. 6,708 n.a. 98,175 101,112 121,533 n.a. 12,149 n.a. 6,963 37,235 25,770 n.a. 14,360 n.a. n.a. n.a. 2,525 2,895 29,305 72,600 20,002 34,833 n.a. 10,300 n.a. 9,958 37,195 85,308 10,513

n.a. n.a. n.a. 5,377 5,377 n.a. n.a. 2,337 218 n.a. n.a. 1,281 4 n.a. 454 n.a. 2,854 n.a. 2,890 n.a. 2,813 n.a. 285 4,348 6,090 n.a. 2,570 n.a. n.a. n.a. 279 155 3,709 10,300 1,143 5,446 n.a. n.a. n.a. 635 1,552 9,638 1,937

n.a. n.a. n.a. 7,100 7,100 n.a. n.a. 5,486 219 n.a. n.a. 1,325 5 n.a. 432 n.a. 4,280 n.a. 2,921 n.a. 2,006 n.a. 285 4,520 6,090 n.a. 2,570 n.a. n.a. n.a. 279 157 3,885 10,300 1,132 5,467 n.a. n.a. n.a. 714 1,634 9,638 1,724

n.a. n.a. n.a. 7,100 7,100 n.a. n.a. 5,486 219 n.a. n.a. 1,294 5 n.a. 445 n.a. 4,796 6,745 2,943 n.a. 2,375 n.a. 285 4,692 6,090 n.a. 3,330 n.a. n.a. n.a. 506 157 3,554 10,300 1,132 5,573 n.a. n.a. n.a. 793 1,716 5,961 1,512

1,624

n.a.

n.a. 647,589 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 32,492 n.a. n.a. 32,492 n.a. 1,208,000 1,208,000

n.a. 664,426 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 34,245 n.a. n.a. 34,245 n.a. 1,307,000 1,307,000

n.a. 795,315 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 37,264 n.a. n.a. 37,264 n.a. 1,331,000 1,331,000

n.a. 60,939 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1,656 n.a. n.a. 1,656 n.a. 319,500 319,500

n.a. 65,069 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1,472 n.a. n.a. 1,472 n.a. 363,000 363,000

n.a. 69,908 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2,005 n.a. n.a. 2,005 n.a. 398,000 398,000

ECE Total

1,916,838

2,034,171

2,192,079

387,472

436,641

477,013

EU-28

598,409

613,325

731,736

55,014

59,181

64,336

168

Gross annual increment (1,000 m3)

Data sources: FAO/FRA (2000, 2005, 2010). Joint FOREST EUROPE/UNECE/FAO pan-European reporting (2011, 2014), national contacts and sources, secretariatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s estimates - for more detailed information about sources of data and methods of estimation see web-based version.

Wood on forest available for wood supply Net annual increment (1,000 m3)

Country

2000

2005

2010

22,796 n.a. 841,050 23,880 887,726 875 n.a. 28,918 4,583 5,480 13,563 8,062 42 20,924 4,702 11,768 80,335 97,578 118,761 n.a. 8,344 6 6,678 30,162 16,500 25 11,460 650 n.a. n.a. 1,115 2,227 26,159 67,595 19,054 28,591 n.a. n.a. 11,748 7,339 32,090 74,160 7,756

22,809 n.a. 848,841 22,071 893,721 470 n.a. 25,136 4,607 5,480 14,120 8,342 40 21,566 4,194 11,361 89,587 102,456 118,612 n.a. 9,747 13 6,678 31,352 19,680 25 11,460 650 n.a. n.a. 1,115 2,738 27,395 67,595 18,870 28,704 n.a. n.a. 12,916 8,245 33,784 74,160 8,379

29,975 n.a. 852,927 21,400 904,302 224 n.a. 25,136 4,610 n.a. 14,361 8,144 47 20,463 6,263 11,514 93,379 94,367 118,590 n.a. 9,775 24 6,678 32,543 19,680 25 11,030 650 n.a. n.a. 2,020 2,738 25,750 62,300 18,870 29,260 n.a. n.a. 13,465 9,165 35,479 79,347 9,001

n.a.

21,070 768,319 n.a. n.a. 1,800 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 30,836 n.a. n.a. 32,636 n.a. 888,500 888,500

21,962 791,440 n.a. n.a. 1,800 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 32,773 n.a. n.a. 34,573 n.a. 944,000 944,000

23,113 788,010 n.a. n.a. 1,800 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 35,259 n.a. n.a. 37,059 n.a. 933,000 933,000

2,577,181

2,663,734

2,662,371

ECE Total

726,903

748,562

750,966

EU-28

169

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 6b Increment and fellings Wood on forest available for wood supply Country

Ratio Net annual increment/Fellings total in percent in 2010

2000

2005

2010

2000

10,787 n.a. 166,000 8,352 185,139 2,600 n.a. 17,490 3,524 3,614 4,017 4,267 24 15,824 4,724 12,412 69,033 67,385 91,175 2,221 6,992 0 3,504 14,327 14,481 21 10,020 0 n.a. n.a. 570 1,354 11,151 31,389 12,650 14,088 n.a. 2,600 6,683 2,547 16,873 87,700 7,361

14,109 n.a. 186,000 12,827 212,936 2,589 n.a. 23,511 4,298 n.a. 5,747 4,931 10 18,212 4,235 6,662 69,093 59,262 93,871 1,842 6,957 1 3,504 13,298 14,231 27 10,020 0 n.a. n.a. 548 1,314 11,710 38,316 14,229 16,473 n.a. 2,700 9,146 3,232 17,369 87,700 7,389

14,136 n.a. 175,000 12,827 201,963 985 n.a. 23,511 3,885 3,614 5,877 5,459 9 17,436 3,925 7,337 68,174 64,316 95,171 n.a. 7,450 3 3,504 12,755 12,831 29 8,640 0 n.a. n.a. 503 1,295 12,902 46,600 14,229 17,600 n.a. 5,800 10,427 3,401 19,706 80,800 7,416

47 n.a. 20 35 21 297 n.a. 60 77 66 30 53 58 76 100 105 86 69 77 n.a. 84 7 52 48 88 82 87 0 n.a. n.a. 51 61 43 46 66 49 n.a. n.a. 57 35 53 118 95

n.a.

9,678 552,300 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 201,843 557,000 758,843

10,551 562,979 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 203,325 548,000 751,325

11,683 577,273 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 141,937 454,000 595,937

46 72 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

ECE Total

1,496,363

1,527,267

1,375,200

n.a.

EU-28

524,383

538,016

546,022

n.a.

170

Fellings total (1,000 m3)

Data sources: FAO/FRA (2000, 2005, 2010). Joint A1:R68 EUROPE/UNECE/FAO pan-European reporting (2011, 2014), national contacts and sources, secretariatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s estimates - for more detailed information about sources of data and methods of estimation see web-based version.

Wood on forest available for wood supply Ratio Net annual increment/Fellings total in percent in 2010

Fellings of which: of natural losses (1,000 m3)

Country

2010

2000

2005

2010

47 n.a. 21 60 22 440 n.a. 94 84 n.a. 41 67 20 85 63 64 73 68 80 n.a. 76 13 52 39 65 115 78 0 n.a. n.a. 25 47 50 75 75 60 n.a. n.a. 77 37 56 102 82

n.a. n.a. n.a. 3,116 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1,030 n.a. n.a. 933 559 n.a. 3,868 36 610 777 21,000 11,860 n.a. 325 n.a. 110 217 667 n.a. 700 n.a. n.a. n.a. 14 n.a. 234 8,647 633 1,634 n.a. n.a. 2,759 440 n.a. 7,453 2,822

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 3,107 n.a. n.a. 921 753 n.a. 9,093 40 391 572 n.a. 16,371 n.a. 426 n.a. 110 226 1,618 n.a. 700 n.a. n.a. n.a. 16 n.a. 246 9,587 711 1,640 n.a. n.a. 4,701 909 n.a. 7,453 1,758

n.a. n.a. n.a. 5,060 n.a. n.a. n.a. 3,107 n.a. n.a. 712 659 n.a. 6,848 42 536 572 14,000 15,223 n.a. 350 n.a. 110 235 701 n.a. 710 n.a. n.a. n.a. 34 n.a. 271 9,300 711 1,672 n.a. n.a. 5,939 763 n.a. 3,446 694

n.a.

51 73 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 49 n.a.

n.a. 67,328 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

n.a. 61,350 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

n.a. 66,635 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

n.a.

ECE Total

n.a.

EU-28

171

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 7 Roundwood removals Country Belarus Moldova Russian Federation Ukraine ECE East Albania Andorra Austria Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia United Kingdom ECE Central Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia Israel Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkey Turkmenistan Uzbekistan ECE South-East Canada United States of America ECE West

172

Removals of industrial wood, other industrial wood and wood fuel, 1000 m3 u.b. 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

7,185 368 170,968 10,634 189,155 447 0 13,276 4,610 4,581 4,878 3,835 21 14,841 3,525 9,530 54,262 66,278 58,143 2,335 7,216 0 2,673 10,208 14,769 24 5,550 316 0 0 0 1,149 8,180 27,917 11,011 15,466 0 3,480 6,365 2,458 14,971 63,800 9,238

6,958 347 178,104 10,666 196,075 265 0 13,467 4,415 4,104 4,086 3,690 18 14,764 1,857 11,350 52,210 60,131 42,876 2,020 7,279 0 2,455 8,896 13,413 22 5,730 291 0 0 0 949 9,022 26,692 9,126 14,442 0 2,546 6,230 2,665 15,806 63,700 5,662

7,511 394 178,427 13,302 199,634 305 0 14,846 4,700 4,528 4,927 3,932 15 14,921 1,628 11,680 53,389 55,199 45,291 1,681 6,792 0 2,773 7,869 14,013 22 6,135 273 0 0 0 955 8,678 28,912 8,922 17,721 0 3,018 5,984 2,708 16,713 67,100 4,557

10,073 429 188,162 14,705 213,369 309 0 17,055 4,965 4,391 4,927 4,066 12 15,530 1,799 11,650 54,240 52,959 54,880 1,744 6,635 0 2,821 8,632 13,474 22 6,290 275 0 0 0 1,170 8,324 33,025 9,853 17,539 0 3,221 6,656 2,960 17,010 67,600 5,120

10,455 405 192,920 15,803 219,583 309 0 16,483 5,025 4,233 6,079 4,096 10 15,991 1,533 7,500 54,398 53,289 58,225 1,781 6,420 0 2,660 9,599 13,354 22 6,130 282 0 0 0 1,059 8,812 35,034 11,049 17,905 0 3,609 7,660 2,722 17,210 67,800 5,132

10,529 391 196,812 15,482 223,214 309 0 16,471 5,130 4,065 5,955 4,284 10 15,900 2,988 5,900 52,250 52,890 60,455 1,622 7,043 0 2,755 9,601 13,467 22 6,050 257 0 0 0 1,154 9,692 34,121 10,926 16,318 0 3,222 9,833 2,832 16,332 98,700 5,313

10,603 397 206,114 16,865 233,979 309 0 19,135 5,250 4,368 6,082 4,807 7 17,771 2,384 5,500 50,812 53,700 65,121 1,639 6,939 0 2,778 9,566 13,680 25 5,870 276 0 0 468 1,139 9,819 34,439 10,985 16,215 2,936 0 8,652 3,218 16,421 65,100 5,722

10,603 369 222,872 17,852 251,696 495 0 21,317 5,190 3,991 5,776 4,566 20 18,607 2,653 4,599 56,612 54,911 80,896 1,935 6,693 0 2,835 9,044 13,333 25 6,195 293 0 0 468 1,042 10,493 37,824 11,002 15,888 3,025 0 8,171 2,923 15,011 78,700 5,541

1,060

750

723

818

851

836

849

660

8,205 454,617 57 14 423 103 663 53 0 17,821 3 29 19,166 205,410 475,044 680,454

8,316 419,245 49 14 329 34 761 50 0 17,076 3 33 18,349 191,302 458,162 649,464

8,132 429,041 54 62 419 34 508 41 0 18,023 3 32 19,176 201,375 456,989 658,364

8,399 448,372 66 8 491 34 314 42 0 17,752 3 28 18,738 182,957 457,518 640,475

8,685 454,949 65 8 593 34 500 32 90 18,215 3 27 19,567 211,655 470,744 682,399

8,975 485,678 43 8 697 34 916 32 90 17,877 3 37 19,737 207,447 476,352 683,799

8,854 460,836 68 8 641 34 123 32 90 19,914 10 40 20,960 187,715 466,110 653,825

9,471 500,207 46 8 838 34 267 32 90 18,535 10 41 19,901 166,993 434,332 601,325

ECE Total

1,343,392

1,283,133

1,306,215

1,320,954

1,376,498

1,412,428

1,369,600

1,373,128

EU-28

427,607

396,875

407,210

426,166

431,981

462,218

436,340

475,508

Data sources: FAOSTAT (2015).

Removals of industrial wood, other industrial wood and wood fuel, 1000 m3 u.b. 2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

10,603 369 175,291 17,852 204,115 495 0 21,795 4,860 4,256 6,165 4,913 20 16,286 2,881 4,905 50,670 53,098 58,277 1,935 5,524 0 2,319 9,717 9,715 28 5,594 355 0 0 496 1,148 10,358 35,995 10,349 14,328 3,292 0 9,324 3,050 17,616 71,300 4,968

10,954 369 171,832 14,865 198,020 495 0 16,727 4,545 3,609 4,646 4,652 10 15,592 2,909 5,463 41,653 54,779 50,718 1,034 5,777 0 2,516 8,978 11,201 25 5,460 294 0 0 371 1,064 8,905 36,115 9,744 13,434 3,228 0 9,122 2,994 14,429 65,600 4,717

12,885 369 189,783 16,845 219,882 495 0 17,831 4,996 3,824 5,746 4,625 9 16,835 2,759 7,272 50,952 56,129 57,398 1,048 6,453 0 2,737 8,572 13,385 25 7,097 295 0 0 922 1,133 10,470 36,890 9,830 13,637 7,731 0 9,630 3,019 16,506 72,700 4,955

12,885 369 207,250 18,082 238,586 1,245 0 18,696 5,301 4,087 6,295 5,331 9 15,472 2,666 7,164 50,767 55,549 59,234 1,257 7,060 6 2,748 8,455 13,577 26 7,004 281 0 0 922 1,043 10,313 38,644 11,133 15,099 7,795 0 9,251 3,478 15,761 72,400 4,877

18,929 521 207,510 18,026 244,986 1,245 0 18,021 5,301 4,017 6,054 5,793 11 15,147 2,529 7,344 52,310 52,041 55,358 1,935 6,664 6 2,707 8,455 13,425 23 6,921 281 0 0 922 974 10,595 39,302 11,014 17,000 7,620 0 8,223 3,404 14,928 69,999 4,673

19,156 551 210,169 18,493 248,370 1,245 0 17,390 5,301 4,194 6,743 5,584 9 15,418 2,417 7,542 56,992 52,320 56,122 1,935 6,900 6 2,868 8,455 13,284 19 7,053 281 0 0 922 1,122 11,598 40,231 10,805 16,099 7,747 0 8,080 3,531 15,565 69,400 4,789

Country

748

664

652

620

798

707

8,923 455,705 1,370 8 838 34 267 32 90 19,602 10 38 22,289 141,444 388,721 530,165

9,190 420,663 1,502 8 838 34 391 42 90 19,547 10 38 22,500 118,714 340,839 459,553

10,242 466,799 1,751 8 838 34 418 51 90 20,944 10 38 24,181 144,866 332,297 477,163

10,567 474,131 2,075 8 838 34 418 51 90 21,455 10 41 25,019 150,957 350,307 501,264

10,651 465,691 2,077 8 420 34 328 51 90 22,383 0 46 25,437 150,967 345,314 496,281

11,383 474,056 2,078 8 626 34 427 51 90 21,102 0 46 24,462 150,967 346,424 497,391

1,212,274

1,100,735

1,188,024

1,239,000

1,232,395

1,244,279

ECE Total

431,064

398,648

437,725

444,242

435,792

442,829

EU-28

173

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 8a Disturbances affecting forest health and vitality Disturbances affecting forest health and vitality Country

2000

2005

2010

2000

2005

2010

6 0.03 1,162.3 1.6 n.a. 3.7 n.a. 0.04 0.01 12.5 45.4 5.8 2.14 0.38 0 0.8 0.37 22 0.58 12.7 1.2 0 0.3 49 0.12 0 0.35 0 0.01 0 1.5 0.29 0.1 5.7 69 3.61 0 1.8 0.5 0.3 45.9 0.59 0.1

1 0.16 991.4 5.3 n.a. 6.2 n.a. 0.03 0 1.2 1.4 6.6 0.06 0.23 0.01 0.81 0.74 25 0.18 n.a. 1.8 0 0.12 18 0.04 0 0.4 0 0 0 4.8 0.1 0.53 8.1 214 0.16 0 0 0.5 0.59 69.4 1.2 0.04

0 n.a. 2,475.3 2.7 n.a. 1.1 n.a. 0.03 0.02 2.5 5.9 0.4 0.3 0.21 0 0.28 5 8.5 0.52 n.a. 0.76 0 1.48 16 0.03 n.a. 0.13 0 0 0 13 0.04 0 6 46 0.21 n.a. 0.7 1.7 0.41 10.19 0.5 0.02

n.a. n.a. 105.2 n.a. n.a. 0.8 n.a. n.a. 0.002 2.7 5.2 11.2 5.09 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 16.92 n.a. 0 n.a. 9 0 n.a. n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 0 0.07 0 91 n.a. 0 11.4 n.a. n.a. 141.67 n.a. n.a.

n.a. n.a. 89.7 n.a. n.a. 1.3 n.a. n.a. 0.001 n.a. 0.3 3.4 0.91 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 3 0 n.a. 0.039 0 0 0 n.a. 0 0.54 0 125 n.a. 0 3.7 n.a. n.a. 119.3 n.a. n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2 n.a.

37.92

4.02

n.a.

2 n.a. 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.77 66.72 0.09 1.1 7.9 n.a. 0.07 n.a. 655.3 2,244 n.a.

0.2 n.a. 0.34 0.04 0.0 1.01 34.6 0.17 0.5 2 n.a. 0.12 n.a. 1672 2,638 n.a.

0.9 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.4 5.41 n.a. n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. n.a. n.a. 3055 1,039 n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.49 n.a. 0 3 3.1 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 374 n.a.

n.a. n.a. 0.072 n.a. n.a. 0.33 n.a. 0.02 2.5 0.9 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 440 n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1.2 n.a.

ECE Total

n.a.

EU-28

n.a.

1 74

Forest area affected by forest fires Other wooded land area affected by forest (1,000 ha) fires (1,000 ha)

0.399 n.a. 0.6 0.68 1.28 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 3 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 87 n.a. n.a. 0.3 0 n.a. 44.59 n.a. n.a.

n.a. n.a. 173 n.a.

Disturbances affecting forest health and vitality on forest area (UNECE) Insects and diseases (1,000 ha)

Country

2000

2005

2010

244 n.a. n.a. 1.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. 29.0 45.1 n.a. 181 22.4 n.a. 32.8 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 121 n.a. 84.8 0 n.a. n.a. 0.60 n.a. 44.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 259.8 1291 n.a. 85 15.2 0.5 n.a. 191 n.a.

205 n.a. n.a. 4.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. 102.0 46.1 n.a. 131.4 37.6 6.3 57.2 4 5.2 n.a. n.a. 193.3 n.a. 179.9 0 n.a. 850 0.20 n.a. 52.2 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 275 1322 n.a. 118 12.3 1 n.a. 192.4 n.a.

169 n.a. n.a. 6.4 n.a. n.a. n.a. 101.0 17.1 n.a. 117 88.2 1.2 56.6 6 4 10.2 n.a. 143.9 n.a. 47.1 0 n.a. n.a. 0.70 n.a. 22.6 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 70 290 78 n.a. 20 14.2 0.5 n.a. 275.5 n.a.

n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 333 n.a. 0 n.a. 15,639 n.a. n.a.

n.a. n.a. 46.3 4.5 6 2.6 n.a. 29 20.5 184 n.a. 16 n.a. 16,318 5,640 n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 26 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 438 n.a. n.a. n.a. 12,821 n.a. n.a.

n.a.

ECE Total

n.a.

EU-28

175

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 8b Disturbances affecting forest health and vitality Disturbances affecting forest health and vitality Country

176

Wildlife and grazing (1,000 ha)

Damage primarily human induced forest operations (1,000 ha)

2000

2005

2010

2000

2005

2010

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 141 n.a. 824 40.3 n.a. 0.3 19.8 n.a. 1.7 n.a. 6.5 n.a. n.a. 33.8 n.a. 23.80 0 n.a. n.a. 0.20 n.a. 17.4 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 15.4 13 n.a. n.a. 0.8 0 n.a. 424.2 0

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 148 n.a. 766 35.3 n.a. 1 8.2 3.8 1.6 4 2 n.a. n.a. 15.1 n.a. 35.50 0 n.a. 396 0.00 n.a. 12.2 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 44.4 10 n.a. n.a. 1 0 n.a. 456.5 0

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 262 n.a. 711 26.3 n.a. 0.2 0.7 3.9 1.3 2 1.2 16.3 n.a. 12.9 n.a. 19.30 0 24.9 25.9 0.10 n.a. 7.9 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 46 n.a. 577 n.a. n.a. 0.2 0 n.a. 407.5 0

19 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 233.0 6.6 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.1 n.a. 18.2 n.a.

24 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 183.0 4.8 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 29 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.1 n.a. 36.5 n.a.

30 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 135.0 1.3 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 7 n.a. 215 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.1 n.a. 45.8 n.a.

n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a.

ECE Total

n.a.

EU-28

n.a.

Disturbances affecting forest health and vitality Primarily damaged by abiotic agents (storm, wind, snow, etc.) (1,000 ha)

Country

2000

2005

2010

1 n.a. n.a. 6.4 n.a. n.a. n.a. 24.0 2.6 n.a. 33.8 25.4 0 10.9 20 6.9 n.a. n.a. 3.7 n.a. 21.10 0 n.a. n.a. 1.10 n.a. 58.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 36.5 136.5 n.a. n.a. 6 0.5 n.a. 196.6 14.1

8 n.a. n.a. 7.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. 14.0 2.1 n.a. 10.7 19.1 0 10.2 3 11.2 n.a. n.a. 27.9 n.a. 29.90 0 n.a. 535 18.90 n.a. 37.8 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 20.9 230.9 n.a. n.a. 10.9 0.4 n.a. 1,100.3 10.3

12 n.a. n.a. 8 n.a. n.a. n.a. 12.0 2 n.a. 4.3 54.9 0 15.6 3 6.6 20.8 688 4.9 n.a. 38.10 0 8 9 4.10 n.a. 20.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 10 51.2 1.4 n.a. n.a. 8.4 0.3 61.9 122.4 6.4

n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 34 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 11 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

n.a.

ECE Total

n.a.

EU-28

177

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 9a Ownership and management Forest ownership Country

178

Private ownership (1,000 ha)

Public ownership (1,000 ha)

2000

2005

2010

2000

2005

2010

0 0 0 7 7 7 n.a. 2,332 377 467 334 487 66 n.a. 447 953 15,245 11,322 4,945 811 691 16 236 5,558 1,464 1 458 46 0 0 381 181 n.a. 1,524 3,289 356 0 1,214 830 836 11,129 n.a. 875

0 0 1 7 8 19 n.a. 2,430 374 467 401 506 54 542 375 978 15,303 11,799 5,465 845 814 22 295 5,817 1,513 1 717 46 0 0 381 183 n.a. 1,590 3,242 1,301 0 1,224 823 885 11,329 21,343 888

0 0 1 16 17 29 n.a. 2,527 364 555 451 544 54 621 433 1,038 15,474 12,360 5,477 845 853 28 339 5,996 1,594 1 837 46 0 0 433 192 9,642 1,686 3,141 2,152 0 1,213 786 932 12,855 21,192 898

8,273 324 809,269 9,544 827,410 1,024 n.a. 928 290 1,718 3,041 1,398 106 n.a. 138 899 7,213 3,967 5,993 2,790 1,142 13 399 2,811 1,749 6 1,562 41 0 0 245 178 n.a. 7,535 54 6,010 0 1,246 1,006 397 4,928 n.a. 319

8,436 362 808,790 9,568 827,156 1,025 n.a. 903 299 1,718 3,250 1,397 119 2,105 179 894 6,859 4,062 5,919 2,907 1,165 14 400 2,942 1,781 6 1,404 41 0 0 245 182 n.a. 7,610 54 5,090 0 1,252 996 358 5,017 6,875 329

8,436 362 815,136 8,786 832,720 1,014 n.a. 878 317 2,223 3,286 1,376 119 2,037 139 923 6,744 4,064 5,932 2,907 1,178 14 386 3,032 1,755 6 1,333 41 0 0 394 181 1,488 7,643 98 4,363 0 1,382 974 315 5,333 6,822 337

864

881

2,065 69,036 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 15 0 0 18 28,486 178,987 207,473

2,143 94,208 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 10 0 0 13 28,467 179,821 208,288

2,191 107,873 0 0 0 118 0 0 0 10 0 0 128 28,445 178,746 207,191

889 60,901 304 936 2,761 150 3,365 858 360 10,168 4,127 3,212 26,241 317,859 124,549 442,408

879 69,159 283 936 2,773 152 3,337 869 360 10,652 4,127 3,295 26,784 317,652 124,936 442,588

868 70,785 283 936 2,822 36 3,337 869 360 11,193 4,127 3,295 27,259 317,402 129,974 447,376

ECE Total

276,534

302,517

315,209

1,356,960

1,365,686

1,378,139

EU-28

65,982

91,113

94,980

55,465

63,688

63,045

Forest ownership Other ownership/unknown ownership (1,000 ha)

Country

2000

2005

2010

0 0 0 0 0 0 n.a. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 391 0 0 416 0 75 0 0 0 29 0 0 0 0 0 626 0 n.a. 0 0 0 0 0 85 0 920 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 n.a. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 380 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 626 0 n.a. 0 0 0 0 0 113 0 936 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 n.a. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 273 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 827 0 972 0 0 0 0 0 113 0 936 0 0

0 2,542 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 50 1,457 0 1,457

0 2,067 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 50 1,457 0 1,457

0 3,133 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 50 1,455 n.a. 1,455

4,049

3,574

4,638

ECE Total

1,916

1,441

1,334

EU-28

179

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 9b Ownership and management Special designation and management categories Country

EU-28

180

Forest under SFM (1,000 ha)

Forest with management plan and equivalents (1,000 ha) on forest area

2000

2005

2010

2000

2005

2010

8,273 n.a. 597,586 8,296 614,155 770 n.a. 3,838 n.a. n.a. 3,156 1,377 106 2,637 461 2,243 22,459 6,589 11,076 n.a. 1,907 20 635 8,369 3,241 n.a. 2,020 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 69 n.a. 8,465 1,544 6,366 n.a. 1,246 1,921 1,233 3,212 27,389 1,154

8,436 n.a. 599,544 8,697 616,677 783 n.a. 3,851 254 n.a. 3,542 1,433 107 2,647 481 2,252 22,157 6,611 11,076 n.a. 1,983 28 695 8,759 3,297 n.a. 2,121 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 136 12,092 8,485 1,457 6,391 n.a. 1,252 1,932 1,243 3,485 28,203 1,177

8,630 n.a. 596,488 8,900 614,018 776 n.a. 3,860 294 n.a. 3,927 1,489 107 2,657 485 2,217 22,157 6,925 11,076 n.a. 2,029 34 739 9,149 3,354 n.a. 2,160 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 161 12,102 8,663 1,465 6,515 n.a. 1,236 1,933 1,253 3,566 28,203 1,200

8,276 n.a. 809,269 9,510 827,054 770 n.a. 3,838 320 n.a. 3,375 1,376 106 2,637 254 1,230 14,946 6,480 7,528 n.a. 1,907 20 475 8,198 3,033 7 2,020 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 360 3,379 8,465 1,081 5,984 n.a. 2,035 1,921 1,247 3,212 28,163 0

8,436 n.a. 808,790 9,575 826,801 783 n.a. 3,851 499 n.a. 3,651 1,427 107 2,647 254 1,543 14,497 6,348 7,528 n.a. 1,983 28 504 8,198 2,403 7 2,121 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 365 3,379 8,485 1,081 6,008 n.a. 1,985 1,932 1,247 3,485 28,218 726

8,625 n.a. 809,090 9,548 827,263 776 n.a. 3,860 504 n.a. 3,737 1,489 107 2,657 305 1,651 14,497 7,354 7,528 n.a. 2,046 34 526 8,198 3,072 7 2,170 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 370 3,379 8,663 1,081 5,653 n.a. 2,252 1,939 1,247 3,566 27,000 0

881

897

918

881

897

918

n.a. 124,384 n.a. n.a. n.a. 58 n.a. 796 344 656 n.a. 3,212 5,066 285,587 135,086 420,673

n.a. 138,827 n.a. n.a. n.a. 60 n.a. 840 344 2,907 n.a. 3,295 7,446 285,587 149,033 434,620

n.a. 140,650 n.a. n.a. n.a. 60 n.a. 850 344 6,303 n.a. 3,276 10,833 285,587 155,545 441,132

1,152 116,400 n.a. n.a. 2,761 116 n.a. 796 22 10,183 n.a. 3,212 17,089 206,035 195,731 401,766

1,411 117,597 n.a. n.a. 2,773 119 n.a. 840 22 10,662 n.a. 3,295 17,711 206,035 200,907 406,942

1,521 118,107 n.a. n.a. 2,822 120 n.a. 850 22 11,203 n.a. 3,276 18,293 206,035 202,342 408,377

1,164,277

1,197,570

1,206,633

1,362,310

1,369,050

1,372,040

120,313

122,598

124,384

109,308

109,793

110,741

Special designation and management categories Forest with management plan (1,000 ha) on other wooded land

Forest within protected areas (1,000 ha)

Country

2000

2005

2010

2000

2005

2010

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 117 11 n.a. 0 212 n.a. 700 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 0 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 38 n.a. n.a. 0

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 127 12 n.a. 0 353 n.a. 736 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2 0 1,167 0 0 73 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 29 n.a. n.a. 0

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 140 13 n.a. 0 499 n.a. 734 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 3 0 1,167 0 0 84 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 25 n.a. n.a. 0

487 44 16,190 n.a. 16,721 83 n.a. 1,019 n.a. n.a. 245 39 14 700 19 141 1,609 n.a. n.a. 152 175 0 n.a. 2,874 612 4 395 n.a. 0 n.a. 13 80 158 183 681 153 n.a. 239 845 238 n.a. 1,286 n.a.

1,181 61 16,488 n.a. 17,730 96 n.a. 1,019 209 n.a. 279 47 87 741 22 185 1,925 n.a. 2,754 159 419 0 58 3,062 631 4 424 n.a. 0 n.a. 13 83 277 186 697 914 n.a. 380 889 239 3,200 1,360 n.a.

1,208 64 17,572 n.a. 18,844 189 n.a. 659 209 n.a. 572 54 87 740 40 213 1,925 488 2,754 164 424 0 58 3,265 610 4 433 n.a. 0 n.a. 13 83 428 187 700 1,746 n.a. 452 1,104 241 3,495 1,435 58

n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 10,679 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 10,587 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 10,334 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

n.a. 11,957 n.a. n.a. 0 27 n.a. 38 44 542 n.a. 211 862 23,924 22,995 46,919

n.a. 20,360 n.a. n.a. 0 28 n.a. 59 44 584 n.a. 275 990 23,924 28,189 52,113

290 23,120 n.a. n.a. 551 28 n.a. 80 44 602 n.a. 210 1,516 23,924 33,384 57,308

n.a.

76,460

91,193

100,788

ECE Total

n.a.

11,460

19,590

21,976

EU-28

181

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 10 Contribution of the forest sector to the GDP

Country

182

Contribution of the forestry sector (ISIC Rev,4 Divisions 02. 16 and 17) to total Gross Domestic Product in milloin USD at 2011 prices, 2000

2005

2011

1,077 32 12,086 1,368 14,563 55 n,a, 7,342 3,506 244 177 645 144 3,228 2,522 567 14,868 18,863 29,847 1,325 1,163 35 1,203 19,169 830 14 515 155 18 n,a, 56 4,313 4,714 4,872 4,405 1,880 n,a, 492 1,400 804 12,886 15,408 5,711

552 36 13,589 1,381 15,558 39 n,a, 6,878 3,278 244 324 725 150 3,641 2,242 706 11,950 15,695 27,222 1,332 1,026 33 1,203 16,845 1,114 15 872 153 19 n,a, 19 4,016 3,976 5,224 3,557 2,442 n,a, 361 1,483 798 11,896 11,896 5,695

575 29 13,075 1,508 15,187 83 n,a, 7,143 2,667 254 482 782 111 3,477 1,511 847 9,645 14,555 26,135 1,038 1,005 29 744 15,011 1,657 14 916 139 15 n,a, 18 3,535 2,434 7,070 3,281 3,079 n,a, 401 2,046 788 9,596 13,841 5,175

13,056 176,509 5 5 27 653 76 5 0 3,085 1 17 3,874 43,339 135,498 178,837

12,399 159,524 8 8 85 620 103 8 8 3,501 1 44 4,386 35,858 117,134 152,992

9,488 149,073 17 16 61 741 173 9 5 5,632 1 14 6,669 19,789 95,664 115,453

373,783

332,460

286,382

Data sources:FAO. 2014. Contribution of the forestry sector to national economies, 1990-2011, by A. Lebedys and Y. Li. Forest Finance Working Paper FSFM/ACC/09. FAO, Rome.

Contribution of the forestry sector (ISIC Rev,4 Divisions 02. 16 and 17) to total Gross Domestic Product. 1990-2011

Country

2000

2005

2011

2.7 0.9 1.2 1.6 1.28 0.8 n,a, 2.3 0.9 2.4 0.6 1.6

2.3 0.8 1 1 1.02 0.5 n,a, 2 0.8 1.9 0.9 1.4

1.1 0.5 0.8 1 0.82 0.7 n,a, 1.9 0.6 1.6 1 1.5

2.3 0.9 4.4 7.9 0.9 1 0.6 1.2 0.4 0.8 1 4.9 0.3 2.2 0.4 0.3 n,a, 2 0.7 1.3 1.6 2.3 1.8 n,a, 1.8 2.7 2.4 1.2 4.2 1.1

2.2 0.8 3.9 5.1 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.8 4.5 0.3 2.5 0.3 0.3 n,a, 0.7 0.6 1 1.5 1.8 1.8 n,a, 1.1 2.3 2 1 2.8 1

1.8 0.5 4.3 4.3 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.8 6.5 0.2 2.4 0.3 0.2 n,a, 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.6 1.6 1.9 n,a, 1.1 2.4 1.8 0.7 2.9 0.8

1.1

0.8

0.7

0.7 1.2 0.1 0 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1 0 0.7 0 0.1 0.5 3.2 1 1.2

0.6 1.0 0.1 0 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.7 0 0.2 0.5 2.4 0.8 1.0

0.4 0.9 0.2 0 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.8 0 0 0.6 1.2 0.6 0.7

1.2

0.97

0.76

ECE Total

183

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 11 Employment in the forest sector Employment (1,000 FTE) Country

EU-28

184

Forestry (ISIC/NACE 02)

Manufacture of wood and articles in wood (ISIC/NACE 20)

2000

2005

2010

2000

2005

2010

32.5 n.a. 201.0 98.2 331.7 0.4 n.a. 6.7 2.4 n.a. 26.2 12.4 0.7 30.3 2.3 9.2 24.7 35.1 51.1 8.6 18.1 0.1 2.9 42.5 21.8 n.a. 11.8 0.1 n.a. n.a. 0.4 1.5 5.5 58.3 4 57.3 0 8.1 24.4 3.6 34.9 19.5 3.7

33.3 n.a. 170.0 98.2 301.5 0.2 n.a. 9.6 1.7 n.a. 21.3 12.4 0.8 21.3 2 6.6 22.9 36.5 40.5 4.2 15.7 0.1 2.3 43.3 31.2 n.a. 9.6 0.2 n.a. n.a. 0.4 1.5 4.1 58.3 10.5 49.1 0 6.5 23.1 2.9 36.4 22.4 5.8

35.7 n.a. 68.0 69.8 173.5 0.2 n.a. 12.3 2.8 n.a. 20.1 13.5 1 14.7 1.8 5.6 22.8 31.7 41.8 5.2 16.3 0.1 2.4 44.9 17.2 n.a. 11.9 0.2 n.a. n.a. 0.4 1.6 3.7 63.7 5.9 51 0 7.6 19.2 3.4 30.8 28.1 8.4

n.a. n.a. 390.4 70.4 460.8 n.a. n.a. 34.8 18.2 n.a. 24.2 17.4 2.8 65 17.8 19.2 33.6 112.4 239.8 31.9 39.3 0.7 8.1 181.8 21.4 n.a. 24 0.2 0.3 n.a. 0.3 21.8 15.2 180.7 69.7 105.3 0 1.9 36.2 16.5 110.9 40.5 42.3

n.a. n.a. 357.6 61.3 418.9 n.a. n.a. 40.8 25.6 n.a. 26.4 17.4 3.1 66 13.2 22.9 32.2 90.4 161.8 33.6 37.5 0.8 7.8 172.9 35 n.a. 35.7 0.2 0.2 n.a. 0.2 19.3 16.6 180.7 71 132.6 0 1.1 33.8 14.5 119.1 37.8 38.5

n.a. n.a. 340.5 42.7 383.2 n.a. n.a. 23.7 24.5 n.a. 22.9 19.5 2.8 47.8 11.1 13.7 25.7 85.4 122.5 28.3 23.5 0.2 7.7 153.9 23.8 n.a. 32.3 0.2 0.2 n.a. 0.2 19.9 13.1 175.6 47 79.7 0 2.4 26.6 10.5 72.3 34.9 39.9

4.5

4.2

2.7

2.8

15.8 548.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. 3 n.a. n.a. n.a. 47.9 n.a. n.a. 50.9 86.5 75.0 161.5

13.7 521.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 42.3 n.a. n.a. 43.3 69.6 70.0 139.6

19.8 514.2 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 61.8 n.a. n.a. 62.8 52.0 55.0 107.0

83.4 1620.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 132.2 n.a. n.a. 132.2 165.3 615.5 780.7

87.4 1578.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 132.2 n.a. n.a. 132.2 169.2 561.2 730.4

72 1266.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 130.5 n.a. n.a. 130.5 112.2 342.1 454.4

1,092.8

1,005.7

857.5

2,994.0

2,860.1

2,234.5

526.0

499.7

489.6

1557.2

1518.7

1207.9

Employment (1,000 FTE) Manufacture of paper and paper products (ISIC/NACE 21)

Country

2000

2005

2010

n.a. n.a. 415 29.8 444.8 n.a. n.a. 19.7 17.9 n.a. 12.4 5.3 0.5 24.6 7.4 2 40.4 105.7 151.7 8.9 11.6 0 3.8 101.5 1.6 n.a. 3.6 0 0.5 n.a. 0.2 27.5 11.4 47.5 12.5 25.7 0 n.a. 13.8 6.9 50.3 41.8 12.1

n.a. n.a. 393.1 28.8 421.9 n.a. n.a. 17.9 15.9 n.a. 11.2 5.3 0.5 25.8 7.7 1.7 35.8 83.2 147.6 8.3 13.8 0 2.9 89.9 1.3 n.a. 2.5 0 0.2 n.a. 0.2 24.7 7.2 47.5 14.9 19.1 0 n.a. 9.2 8.3 48 36 12.1

n.a. n.a. 398.9 40.7 439.6 n.a. n.a. 17.8 15.6 n.a. 11.1 5.1 0.7 23.7 6 1.1 20.9 67.6 146.4 9.2 13.6 0 2.2 88.8 1.4 n.a. 2.5 0 0.3 n.a. 0.3 17.4 5.8 53.4 10.6 12.3 0 n.a. 8.8 4.5 44 31.7 9.3

1.3

1.5

112.6 882.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 42.5 n.a. n.a. 42.5 115.7 604.8 720.5

93 792.9 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 42.5 n.a. n.a. 42.5 101.2 484.2 585.4

2,090.4

1,842.7

62.2 695.8 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 44.1 n.a. n.a. 44.1 74.0 394.6 468.5 1,648.1

857.7

772.2

678.9

EU-28

185

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 12a Trade in wood Export Country

2000

2005

2010

2013

2000

2005

2010

2013

71,100 7,873 2,253,300 62,712 2,394,985 1,094 45 3,450,000 2,301,000 3,200 54,997 180,000 1,026 536,000 239,270 52,550 11,641,844 4,742,672 8,905,000 62,428 229,700 2,000 60,700 2,241,000 9,180 87,140 37,100 67,089 18 n.a. 353 3,001,000 1,981,415 754,100 744,414 115,100

85,500 7,873 2,737,000 145,990 2,976,363 1,094 45 3,922,000 3,123,000 41,825 139,681 131,000 21 828,000 307,525 80,030 11,155,096 5,590,369 12,579,000 71,868 420,719 335 42,860 2,749,816 62,905 87,140 123,233 40,408 18 n.a. 353 3,150,700 1,911,090 1,407,300 1,227,548 130,245

222,370 5,700 2,408,708 197,851 2,834,629 1,094 45 4,072,202 3,550,510 90,624 77,086 141,330 291 786,200 233,427 103,912 10,820,073 4,664,061 13,916,386 66,870 609,853 40 32,870 3,069,812 36,925 87,140 123,233 9,207 32 n.a. 353 2,270,100 1,454,761 1,943,792 1,168,572 93,802

130,769 5,429 2,563,480 241,790 2,941,468 2,700 45 4,029,346 2,431,270 105,000 161,150 149,600 232 660,000 127,898 102,017 9,862,838 4,211,674 13,070,000 87,352 653,668 8 80,916 3,251,982 33,698 87,140 111,704 8,370 219 n.a. 140 1,939,999 984,056 2,159,765 1,847,464 118,040

35,082 3,645 835,827 29,173 903,727 810 33 2,302,593 1,900,808 1,085 26,703 86,314 415 309,431 183,140 27,334 7,899,820 4,028,291 7,961,218 46,232 138,489 232 73,060 1,999,827 5,876 n.a. 17,893 178,201 26 n.a. 376 2,233,557 1,097,060 472,012 530,888 47,809

30,352 3,645 1,345,144 194,544 1,573,685 810 33 3,030,679 2,629,113 23,001 77,939 57,433 66 619,049 234,735 50,849 8,458,905 5,043,072 11,452,131 57,710 351,268 155 75,895 2,726,203 58,339 n.a. 40,048 101,153 26 n.a. 376 2,687,358 1,267,381 1,091,025 1,019,862 74,513

176,709 11,772 1,430,546 297,238 1,916,265 810 33 3,399,841 2,946,034 81,915 72,702 95,484 479 712,040 270,058 96,492 9,228,890 4,875,013 13,360,814 57,856 531,151 31 58,942 3,282,501 36,194 n.a. 99,974 22,520 349 n.a. 376 2,583,866 1,015,325 1,702,020 1,081,694 93,390

77,847 3,780 1,704,765 350,566 2,136,958 2,037 33 3,450,975 1,958,062 97,168 159,617 81,748 335 791,631 120,749 103,413 9,136,948 4,517,615 13,343,870 73,284 598,764 8 78,731 3,645,613 42,159 n.a. 115,509 20,268 2,293 n.a. 273 2,395,421 685,671 2,128,550 1,833,920 144,970

13,000 349,000 422,310 1,478,965 9,031,446 1,182,900

66,000 709,000 566,990 2,249,000 10,535,969 1,363,340

108,000 740,187 573,028 2,952,012 10,107,429 911,863

163,605 540,382 566,969 2,907,712 10,132,365 868,983

7,240 209,795 273,734 1,275,171 5,915,159 987,474

73,298 535,974 413,019 1,618,255 8,144,211 1,403,217

140,196 1,156,742 478,720 1,805,933 9,104,209 1,055,433

198,064 523,094 483,191 2,704,238 9,656,265 895,720

6,932

7,102

12,051

2,437

3,440

2,545

5,693

2,515

1,759,000 55,744,988 240 121 294 34,571 373 792 100 65,000 25 1,387 102,903 15,612,761 9,139,000 24,751,761

1,164,000 65,986,625 10 1,839 294 21,926 15,565 792 100 174,627 25 4,629 219,807 15,484,000 9,609,997 25,093,997

926,227 65,755,400 25 500 1 92,711 7,649 374 100 274,528 25 5,547 381,460 9,464,000 10,299,543 19,763,543

1,093,000 62,553,744 131 3,000 n.a. 122,490 7,608 21 100 369,857 25 5,364 508,596 8,366,000 12,083,500 20,449,500

1,859,503 42,101,049 248 218 345 25,145 191 16 72 47,435 20 750 74,440 9,777,071 6,871,758 16,648,829

1,823,038 55,242,684 18 1,159 345 28,996 13,071 185 72 99,756 20 2,267 145,889 10,360,778 7,297,611 17,658,389

1,650,894 61,104,614 109 242 3 51,591 12,749 71 72 234,154 20 2,793 301,804 7,047,802 8,511,763 15,559,565

1,591,066 61,583,788 221 1,548 n.a. 68,219 6,693 35 72 433,587 20 4,647 515,042 6,572,998 10,141,737 16,714,735

ECE Total

82,994,637

94,276,792

88,735,032

86,453,308

59,728,045

74,620,647

78,882,248

80,950,523

52,466,909

62,508,301

63,089,429

60,339,630

40,003,299

52,471,868

58,804,802

59,702,299

EU-28

186

Paper and paperboard (total, tonnes) Paper and paperboard (total,1000 USD)

Data sources: FAOSTAT 2015.

Export Roundwood (total, m3)

Roundwood (total, 1000 USD)

Country

2000

2005

2010

2013

2000

2005

2010

2013

945,000 300 32,049,000 704,969 33,699,269 379 112 942,000 1,181,000 445,510 360,000 586,000 4 2,030,000 877,000 4,431,960 533,276 5,859,116 5,604,000 9,845 1,593,400 10 42,000 24,380 4,353,250 6,000 1,202,850 228,350 0 n.a. 21,080 242,000 514,400 347,200 570,103 535,100

1,517,550 300 48,300,000 2,670,147 52,487,997 56,767 112 901,000 1,113,000 445,510 556,310 548,000 4 3,216,000 681,479 1,923,766 753,555 4,325,471 6,889,000 16,026 1,117,000 10 337,917 15,113 4,265,630 6,000 1,173,919 350,056 0 n.a. 21,080 487,400 524,789 603,800 1,279,000 159,000

2,221,923 2,548 21,175,826 3,670,600 27,070,897 56,767 112 1,030,625 872,479 706,100 679,366 825,000 4 4,144,000 785,487 2,453,141 501,939 7,478,314 3,858,698 35,690 1,119,116 10 349,980 47,540 5,486,875 6,000 1,441,955 102,164 0 n.a. 21,080 509,100 883,857 1,733,535 1,002,960 429,273

2,699,649 56 18,182,412 4,518,460 25,400,577 78,900 112 840,912 1,285,230 825,000 679,447 972,000 4 4,464,000 706,094 3,080,206 885,397 5,463,427 3,345,491 17,183 1,394,100 18 357,653 199,469 4,054,624 6,000 2,044,876 412,320 10 n.a. 47,390 468,000 2,646,989 2,898,348 1,324,329 807,954

21,079 9 1,356,630 32,804 1,410,522 578 10 69,432 93,977 6,809 9,692 25,606 1 94,054 69,265 136,189 43,326 399,799 405,875 728 59,545 1 8,348 3,349 121,881 463 40,464 11,371 0 n.a. 1,585 9,425 20,548 23,656 28,147 48,503

35,677 9 2,858,830 146,281 3,040,797 1,194 10 84,249 93,650 20,638 23,669 47,367 1 191,615 47,134 102,088 64,778 278,834 507,188 1,100 71,291 1 13,181 6,819 195,287 463 60,286 18,082 0 n.a. 1,585 24,578 28,660 46,661 86,192 17,385

101,487 605 1,858,940 219,526 2,180,558 1,194 10 111,999 119,808 43,772 40,476 77,381 1 311,099 62,269 158,530 58,115 426,673 388,372 3,269 81,816 1 49,217 12,797 327,796 463 103,654 33,736 0 n.a. 1,585 40,495 63,062 157,579 94,893 40,644

110,602 23 1,654,234 296,778 2,061,637 3,830 10 99,582 184,017 60,289 46,915 75,750 1 460,977 65,702 207,108 85,014 368,503 357,294 2,983 90,727 1 51,519 29,139 274,709 463 183,704 34,460 1 n.a. 3,534 38,187 194,761 261,823 145,499 90,607

47,600 1,612,000 303,980 369,001 1,461,813 3,754,410

57,000 1,815,000 422,584 15,726 3,126,887 1,454,807

36,000 2,563,703 844,016 67,138 1,256,041 820,302

57,223 3,045,375 1,507,671 2,586,193 933,406 749,997

5,112 56,842 12,183 13,622 61,146 161,727

7,682 96,011 32,976 19,565 176,911 117,982

6,558 248,500 75,720 89,004 112,665 88,361

7,396 198,123 143,117 223,284 124,478 84,037

1,184

36,063

1,347

6,616

194

984

424

668

271,019 40,361,332 1,500 1,600 39,000 56 559,000 291 0 4,000 0 1,160 606,607 3,048,104 12,156,600 15,204,704

895,478 39,590,259 1,500 0 6,000 5 60 291 0 9,693 0 2,313 19,862 5,932,499 9,937,704 15,870,203

621,760 42,771,474 15 10 0 592 83 159 0 7,412 0 4,124 12,395 4,069,069 9,898,069 13,967,138

1,059,921 49,251,885 15 10 n.a. 810 83 159 0 11,300 0 54 12,431 7,071,000 16,838,900 23,909,900

23,240 2,066,693 244 171 3,065 5 30,291 1 n.a. 1,217 46 116 35,156 313,203 1,448,989 1,762,192

47,769 2,533,866 222 1 495 1 74 181 n.a. 2,818 46 90 3,928 521,858 1,458,585 1,980,443

39,598 3,471,536 15 1 0 51 5 11 n.a. 1,948 46 424 2,501 401,140 1,858,906 2,260,046

65,650 4,263,862 15 1 n.a. 71 5 11 n.a. 3,730 46 5 3,884 815,151 3,088,396 3,903,547

89,871,912

107,968,321

83,821,904

98,574,793

5,274,563

7,559,034

7,914,641

10,232,930

ECE Total

35,570,647

36,988,121

40,239,899

44,833,640

1,869,666

2,354,667

3,266,106

3,908,873

EU-28

187

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 12b Trade in wood Export Country Belarus Moldova Russian Federation Ukraine ECE East Albania Andorra Austria Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia United Kingdom ECE Central Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia Israel Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkey Turkmenistan Uzbekistan ECE South-East Canada United States of America

Sawnwood (total, 1,000 USD)

2000

2005

2010

2013

2000

2005

2010

2013

711,400 16 7,764,000 349,000 8,824,416 9,050 195 6,356,000 1,025,000 226,460 265,000 532,650 1,350 1,778,000 117,000 1,069,650 8,430,945 1,385,591 3,911,000 11,347 305,100 70 174,000 208,000 3,077,330 n.a. 823,040 33,101 13 n.a. 51,681 380,000 656,270 1,100,300 283,377 2,322,400 n.a. 198,000 920,000 343,880 128,290 11,048,000 192,770

1,196,900 16 14,778,000 1,306,400 17,281,316 21,409 195 7,281,000 1,425,000 931,727 524,000 405,000 210 1,758,000 143,410 1,137,360 7,663,408 1,468,720 7,391,000 13,111 187,000 70 447,078 160,898 2,835,462 n.a. 912,547 54,966 13 n.a. 51,681 487,900 442,081 655,900 375,000 2,310,000 n.a. 171,000 762,000 428,825 96,000 11,898,000 220,012

467,655 4,000 17,689,994 1,375,800 19,537,449 21,409 195 6,123,364 1,945,702 674,390 238,339 555,000 5 3,410,700 454,476 753,749 5,838,119 1,009,760 7,268,412 10,700 210,140 965 620,617 264,000 2,148,711 0 555,388 65,621 13 n.a. 51,681 314,100 487,730 508,584 296,147 2,895,944 n.a. 114,000 895,999 1,091,432 150,843 11,371,077 465,996

852,000 1,379 20,961,953 1,455,902 23,271,234 6,550 195 5,029,359 1,339,690 743,000 377,530 693,000 5 1,730,000 299,483 804,542 7,152,608 1,054,566 6,745,470 19,020 257,059 91 601,667 260,988 2,523,675 0 634,247 67,740 13 n.a. 91,240 404,000 515,575 572,235 618,967 3,336,634 n.a. 136,000 579,563 1,105,853 153,337 11,637,170 194,238

65,601 2 733,100 52,539 851,242 3,156 29 1,045,281 320,250 57,172 31,726 112,780 400 212,367 56,255 144,586 1,434,414 297,445 840,613 4,483 68,337 119 33,261 135,633 403,175 n.a. 108,279 5,944 2 n.a. 14,556 130,062 103,011 179,021 41,666 364,334 n.a. 37,160 117,823 57,072 48,082 2,113,348 34,918

120,717 2 1,936,200 230,743 2,287,662 4,304 29 1,485,858 417,131 141,483 36,043 152,047 101 329,175 54,869 243,608 1,616,426 387,144 1,823,339 6,777 67,529 119 68,032 125,953 558,752 n.a. 200,994 11,210 2 n.a. 14,556 199,174 94,437 176,536 74,087 506,485 n.a. 43,517 185,458 81,650 39,859 2,847,084 45,248

63,541 1,490 3,023,161 229,360 3,317,552 4,304 29 1,553,522 464,168 142,233 36,404 206,415 4 409,315 70,521 239,119 1,557,484 314,956 1,924,147 4,648 70,787 558 84,819 178,182 520,310 n.a. 137,370 13,958 2 n.a. 14,556 180,115 117,270 177,386 75,814 698,512 n.a. 34,070 252,070 243,341 50,319 3,312,668 104,785

125,207 481 3,626,108 273,021 4,024,817 1,952 29 1,439,954 531,357 166,246 68,165 255,333 4 419,761 51,934 263,958 1,892,161 301,258 1,932,278 5,318 89,247 26 108,211 184,933 640,890 n.a. 164,498 15,414 2 n.a. 14,079 193,475 137,176 201,922 79,662 940,209 n.a. 44,550 233,777 283,567 56,429 3,364,897 49085,00

19,195

1,728

5,873

4,517

4,322

458

1,803

1,486

194,735 47,578,790 2,880 5,656 37,700 101 357,265 1,780 29 43,000 44 212 448,667 36,455,979

358,000 53,019,711 4,400 1,542 195,900 332 126,560 282 29 122,010 44 1,470 452,569 41,184,912

194,624 51,013,805 6,025 749 51,286 233 508 1,300 29 40,820 44 52 101,046 22,375,147

164,411 49,854,238 148 1,000 n.a. 340 176 1,300 29 27,700 44 10,284 41,021 28,417,930

46,534 8,607,616 354 588 3,318 54 9,772 522 8 10,813 5 26 25,460 8,205,679

94,321 12,133,795 588 257 13,855 184 4,294 145 8 14,310 5 120 33,766 8,708,489

72,602 13,268,566 380 649 20,708 109 182 613 8 14,896 5 4 37,554 4,900,872

56,835 14,140,993 259 1,318 n.a. 107 3 613 8 14,027 5 5,525 21,865 7,432,519

5,128,900

4,379,706

4,959,766

7,764,000

2,180,578

1,964,004

2,223,839

3,056,689 10,489,208

ECE West

41,584,879

45,564,618

27,334,913

36,181,930

10,386,257

10,672,493

7,124,711

ECE Total

98,436,752

116,318,214

97,987,213

109,348,423

19,870,575

25,127,716

23,748,383

28,676,883

46,225,099

51,179,808

49,191,566

48,162,832

8,353,173

11,789,644

12,848,958

13,775,449

EU-28

188

Sawnwood (total, m ) 3

Data sources: FAOSTAT 2015.

Export Wood-based panels (total, m )

Wood-based panels (total, 1,000 USD)

2000

2005

2010

2013

2000

2005

2010

363,200 321 1,404,000 49,356 1,816,877 1,449 25 2,031,000 2,759,000 15,302 181,912 39,006 163 639,000 144,000 436,290 1,381,000 2,269,327 4,620,000 90,566 306,100 38 580,000 1,121,000 232,890 n.a. 211,060 166,689 140 n.a. 702 275,000 340,773 1,336,700 747,514 153,200 n.a. 18,000 240,000 186,230 1,048,409 265,084 674,130

359,300 321 2,181,000 326,887 2,867,508 1,200 25 2,747,000 2,584,820 25,458 529,363 71,000 166 777,300 115,850 312,751 1,556,006 3,504,972 7,645,000 199,889 487,420 38 769,423 872,409 359,727 n.a. 170,966 384,827 140 n.a. 702 327,200 253,663 2,382,300 914,000 704,000 n.a. 27,000 329,000 252,012 1,479,000 191,000 833,001

370,673 280 2,630,653 558,732 3,560,338 1,200 25 2,756,469 2,039,466 17,540 554,152 115,033 193 1,435,977 125,245 276,595 1,016,598 2,468,297 6,185,185 71,200 569,706 71 659,720 1,076,200 807,652 0 311,223 510,323 38 n.a. 702 273,700 242,621 2,149,529 528,317 1,771,602 n.a. 100,060 455,000 314,833 2,018,912 222,604 718,478

760,220 5,336 2,703,960 830,200 4,299,716 1,200 25 2,859,763 1,770,748 22,000 542,766 122,000 27 1,593,400 153,671 359,981 1,036,823 2,936,252 5,707,471 180,562 405,642 4 665,022 913,236 990,435 n.a. 363,405 409,148 1,551 n.a. 300 314,000 185,771 2,482,554 938,712 2,895,785 n.a. 151,000 300,814 234,157 1,843,550 197,505 676,549

50,674 55 266,770 12,522 330,021 610 7 633,455 681,691 201 34,856 37,195 50 109,025 62,821 51,487 598,262 692,942 1,614,883 20,322 69,840 172 113,957 390,542 80,296 n.a. 28,684 38,887 34 n.a. 268 89,273 73,958 302,613 152,974 35,444 n.a. 4,500 41,279 57,646 292,236 113,117 217,043

71,143 55 696,077 99,111 866,386 295 7 1,155,630 1,034,476 15,457 93,796 68,005 85 252,020 73,889 108,413 876,279 1,083,687 3,136,687 59,631 156,385 172 292,740 548,563 161,455 n.a. 51,715 81,410 34 n.a. 268 134,987 98,244 763,923 263,918 244,315 n.a. 11,978 166,105 134,732 533,791 80,872 306,928

104,644 48 948,546 186,240 1,239,478 295 7 1,395,176 1,067,319 14,939 133,414 67,405 232 361,838 47,439 139,933 613,606 901,746 3,254,273 33,696 192,930 68 237,323 612,645 308,766 n.a. 72,345 188,644 19 n.a. 268 140,099 96,104 769,011 175,177 707,631 n.a. 23,103 184,353 150,791 516,361 202,410 303,680

584

1,685

3,186

2,108

192

877

1,774

345,285 22,857,568 88 108 441 8,707 701 200 n.a. 64,000 939 392 75,576 10,834,494

520,060 31,330,373 140 1,729 441 507 929 6 n.a. 513,186 939 3,419 521,296 13,467,000

509,423 30,307,075 104 100 3,133 5,094 1,126 200 n.a. 935,885 939 3,086 949,667 4,115,814

431,729 31,689,666 3 0 n.a. 2,720 6,970 200 n.a. 888,600 939 236 899,668 6,113,061

115,992 6,756,754 39 8 181 8,105 58 20 n.a. 21,428 430 7 30,276 2,525,865

186,454 12,178,223 41 364 181 309 96 3 n.a. 138,634 430 145 140,203 4,299,677

175,185 13,090,005 50 102 784 1,440 973 198 n.a. 353,963 430 1,205 359,145 1,477,974

2,838,000

2,081,612

1,838,753

2,600,551

1,007,800

1,007,220

936,318

Country

2013 222,284 Belarus 2,126 Moldova 1,298,591 Russian Federation 286,923 Ukraine 1,809,924 ECE East 295 Albania 7 Andorra 1,517,535 Austria 992,184 Belgium 18,439 Bosnia and Herzegovina 150,533 Bulgaria 67,922 Croatia 20 Cyprus 465,410 Czech Republic 46,585 Denmark 166,298 Estonia 698,366 Finland 1,019,816 France 3,085,451 Germany 48,841 Greece 185,087 Hungary 3 Iceland 264,898 Ireland 605,448 Italy 408,036 Latvia n.a. Liechtenstein 104,360 Lithuania 174,336 Luxembourg 20 Malta n.a. Monaco 111 Montenegro 156,171 Netherlands 86,996 Norway 935,014 Poland 263,984 Portugal 873,033 Romania n.a. San Marino 42,666 Serbia 119,557 Slovakia 139,042 Slovenia 753,575 Spain 183,612 Sweden 326,176 Switzerland The former Yugoslav 739 Republic of Macedonia 171,099 United Kingdom 14,071,665 ECE Central 2 Armenia 19 Azerbaijan n.a. Georgia 1,188 Israel 5,485 Kazakhstan 198 Kyrgyzstan n.a. Tajikistan 400,412 Turkey 430 Turkmenistan 246 Uzbekistan 407,980 ECE South-East 2,164,198 Canada United States of 1,213,553 America 3,377,751 ECE West

13,672,494

15,548,612

5,954,567

8,713,612

3,533,665

5,306,897

2,414,292

38,422,515

50,267,789

40,771,647

45,602,662

10,650,716

18,491,709

17,102,920

19,667,320

ECE Total

21,806,565

30,187,601

29,223,192

30,650,709

6,459,803

11,743,997

12,649,767

13,596,233

EU-28

189

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 12c Trade in wood Export Country Belarus Moldova Russian Federation Ukraine ECE East Albania Andorra Austria Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia United Kingdom ECE Central Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia Israel Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkey Turkmenistan Uzbekistan ECE South-East Canada United States of America ECE West ECE Total

EU-28

190

Wood pulp (tonnes) 2000

2005

2010

2013

100 642 1,648,500 301 1,649,543 16 n,a, 332,000 719,000 44 59,850 50,000 90 289,000 1,400 120 1,681,249 392,195 392,000 1,024 3,400 0 1,000 22,255 11 n.a. 6,323 2 0 n.a. 0 363,000 551,000 32,600 969,099 31,200 n.a. 31 75,000 35,380 809,494 3,072,797 135,360

100 642 1,946,000 69 1,946,811 16 n,a, 234,002 726,183 74 59,850 43,000 4 357,580 343 132,832 2,036,796 464,536 824,000 4,978 31 0 1,636 34,477 11 n.a. 240 2 0 n.a. 0 498,900 669,860 42,020 762,000 15,000 n.a. 1 105,000 44,804 939,297 3,535,000 111,687

119 0 1,869,532 69 1,869,720 16 n,a, 353,240 1,112,541 74 95,602 43,001 4 386,008 16,751 132,832 2,158,736 581,920 957,493 840 31 0 578 28,284 34 0 14,650 2 0 n.a. 0 712,600 579,870 30,239 830,923 1,280 n.a. 1 161,636 26 889,765 3,242,725 10,558

119 0 2,211,969 69 2,212,157 25 n,a, 446,458 816,100 74 107,180 29,000 0 143,488 12,622 138,016 3,073,492 481,837 1,255,000 10,756 4,333 0 168 35,665 98 n.a. 31,903 0 n.a. n.a. 943,802 462,201 81,205 1,167,821 124 n.a. 0 182,654 1,346 1,183,599 3,434,784 714

8,468 10,034,443 4 0 297 126 200 0 n.a. 1,102 n.a. 0 1,729 11,879,443 5,816,000 17,695,443

4,905 11,649,100 4 0 297 126 200 0 n.a. 1,102 n.a. 0 1,729 10,611,000 5,817,483 16,428,483

31,000 12,373,295 4 0 297 126 200 0 n.a. 1,091 n.a. 0 1,718 9,305,000 7,884,442 17,189,442

11,063 14,055,532 4 0 126 200 0 n.a. 31,142 n.a. 1,890 33,362 9,822,000 7,851,600 17,673,600

29,381,158

30,026,123

31,434,175

33,974,651

9,347,957

10,867,427

11,782,741

13,592,514

Data sources: FAOSTAT 2015.

Export Wood pulp (total, 1,000 USD)

Country

2000

2005

2010

2013

70 331 580,542 30 580,973 2 n,a, 200,743 442,883 54 24,946 11,313 84 163,797 620 63 969,733 235,314 290,714 587 1,583 0 1,693 13,591 2 n.a. 3,918 1 0 n.a. 0 215,266 306,814 19,346 539,246 16,634 n.a. 14,100 39,012 20,442 451,127 1,883,997 76,480

3 331 756,073 59 756,466 2 n,a, 130,549 393,578 54 24,944 13,330 9 174,154 233 88,504 1,025,919 243,149 448,635 2,654 24 0 331 15,595 18 n.a. 126 2 0 n.a. 0 316,021 373,446 20,917 387,175 6,075 n.a. 236 49,742 21,639 424,627 1,890,017 85,834

4 1 1,113,106 59 1,113,170 2 n,a, 289,643 756,332 54 69,836 16,293 9 281,465 8,217 88,504 1,626,725 385,247 745,959 805 24 0 245 21,830 31 n.a. 11,268 2 0 n.a. 0 533,900 488,876 24,021 446,719 1,057 n.a. 3 120,670 26 596,329 2,629,439 4,995

4 1 1,106,815 9 1,106,829 19 n,a, 335,373 569,181 54 63,580 11,687 9 87,378 5,854 84,290 2,070,927 431,315 889,131 4,935 3,655 0 30 24,054 121 n.a. 22,707

5,097 5,949,262 0 0 164 63 57 0 n.a. 353 n.a. 0 637 6,646,766 3,256,021 9,902,787

2,741 6,140,340 0 0 164 63 57 0 n.a. 229 n.a. 0 513 5,216,524 3,197,866 8,414,390

23,825 9,172,411 1 0 164 63 57 0 n.a. 1,281 n.a. 0 1,566 6,804,448 5,365,916 12,170,364

7,726 10,156,327 1 0 63 57 0 n.a. 22,035 n.a. 1,307 23,463 6,545,579 5,671,572 12,217,151

16,433,659

15,311,709

22,457,511

23,503,770

ECE Total

5,551,752

5,680,708

8,678,421

9,720,572

EU-28

0 n.a. n.a. 775,312 434,922 53,610 645,827 78 n.a. 0 111,416 955 933,581 2,587,840 755

191

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 12d Trade in wood Import Country Belarus Moldova Russian Federation Ukraine ECE East Albania Andorra Austria Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia United Kingdom ECE Central Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia Israel Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkey Turkmenistan Uzbekistan ECE South-East Canada United States of America ECE West ECE Total

EU-28

192

Paper and paperboard (total, tonnes)

Paper and paperboard (total, 1,000 USD)

2000

2005

2010

2013

2000

2005

2010

2013

144,000 26,742 357,900 244,022 772,664 18,019 2,491 1,397,000 3,219,000 14,000 130,000 196,200 54,610 581,000 1,151,000 64,610 356,150 6,130,550 9,810,000 681,932 495,300 34,849 431,000 4,385,000 85,290 n.a. 78,250 107,759 35,700 n.a. 6,557 3,210,000 466,000 1,229,100 643,566 147,100 n.a. 169,500 247,000 181,780 3,475,509 754,000 979,340

140,500 26,742 1,065,000 689,780 1,922,022 18,019 2,491 1,240,000 3,826,000 59,666 212,000 208,000 63,614 1,270,000 1,207,876 93,857 469,847 6,089,255 10,618,000 709,721 689,348 38,639 380,972 4,382,798 149,686 n.a. 151,752 195,861 29,780 n.a. 6,557 3,385,700 475,739 2,157,800 757,000 351,000 n.a. 426,000 362,000 250,858 3,857,000 852,997 1,146,850

284,312 55,101 1,324,182 837,243 2,500,838 11,267 2,491 1,363,426 3,985,938 74,480 263,499 207,000 75,795 1,289,000 1,026,095 136,516 447,842 5,604,820 10,803,879 719,898 799,938 27,620 370,229 5,122,277 152,501 0 195,261 205,478 40,771 n.a. 6,557 3,035,600 404,505 3,051,637 802,209 429,594 n.a. 329,178 435,313 261,842 4,524,535 912,267 919,346

104,400 34,686 1,504,548 647,700 2,291,334 29,500 2,491 1,439,642 3,090,360 74,000 296,132 270,000 55,192 1,287,600 761,665 151,896 449,728 4,956,116 10,575,000 537,352 776,917 35,827 427,698 4,635,993 189,685 0 261,981 141,390 19,636 n.a. 10,790 2,570,000 439,850 3,296,365 778,995 582,585 n.a. 363,000 470,719 359,365 2,822,384 878,424 782,615

111,300 20,683 253,345 157,886 543,214 8,833 2,642 1,139,971 2,311,685 10,240 95,276 202,218 54,845 435,034 842,217 42,767 282,643 4,508,114 6,955,345 511,517 354,288 30,818 391,032 2,952,423 62,426 n.a. 58,547 117,188 43,029 n.a. 6,674 2,320,748 378,658 947,832 526,165 119,798 n.a. 158,200 162,648 136,879 2,402,670 574,927 882,999

118,332 20,683 1,097,343 557,429 1,793,787 8,833 2,642 1,131,587 2,979,403 52,760 188,773 190,618 66,151 850,718 999,956 82,263 423,916 5,185,946 9,014,643 621,103 582,941 35,528 378,283 3,325,005 123,229 n.a. 136,686 233,701 54,625 n.a. 6,674 2,948,107 454,913 1,693,060 687,019 298,506 n.a. 439,337 299,973 202,997 2,668,442 782,407 1,360,694

438,926 75,582 1,844,173 879,169 3,237,850 8,708 2,642 1,307,883 3,375,693 85,188 251,250 196,760 85,207 1,106,895 989,792 138,460 384,370 5,327,665 9,927,353 657,238 770,251 28,427 414,365 4,376,628 139,209 n.a. 208,496 250,384 68,346 n.a. 6,674 2,938,984 422,205 2,646,510 820,725 380,911 n.a. 308,072 601,725 218,729 2,158,927 840,823 1,128,424

117,682 35,770 2,040,615 758,368 2,952,435 36,775 2,642 1,381,465 2,650,514 95,276 295,922 255,752 67,016 702,619 702,619 161,441 434,991 4,970,200 10,319,567 541,433 781,442 29,132 451,653 4,311,713 193,033 n.a. 287,640 69,041 69,041 n.a. 11,040 2,735,312 445,511 3,037,172 665,121 614,718 n.a. 281,302 427,514 281,302 2,856,168 845,325 1,031,110

37,381

27,330

60,371

58,913

25,874

22,471

56,304

445,511

6,667,808 47,674,351 3,572 9,794 6,299 596,353 54,022 10,440 1,225 1,005,540 960 24,900 1,713,105 3,810,106 16,278,887 20,088,993

7,663,000 53,827,013 9,992 26,600 6,299 624,957 143,400 17,753 990 2,068,000 960 47,022 2,945,973 3,745,000 16,756,359 20,501,359

7,253,764 55,352,739 17,065 52,900 27,785 673,036 183,656 20,314 990 2,700,004 960 82,462 3,759,172 2,647,000 9,938,080 12,585,080

6,390,000 50,269,806 27,110 61,000

5,026,284 35,083,454 4,447 10,203 3,906 397,007 49,190 6,987 678 752,791 1,175 25,606 1,251,990 2,261,336 11,706,545 13,967,881

6,244,770 44,778,680 9,536 13,155 3,906 453,863 122,066 11,743 1,200 1,752,680 1,175 48,058 2,417,382 2,593,999 12,479,787 15,073,786

6,176,417 48,806,640 26,286 31,632 27,973 538,115 218,595 19,839 1,200 2,266,366 1,175 77,215 3,208,396 2,705,879 8,873,378 11,579,257

5,698,481 48,186,514 41,318 44,338

580,190 166,691 29,500 8,780 2,792,992 25,406 90,840 3,782,509 2,637,000 9,735,000 12,372,000

488,767 217,256 28,768 19,710 2,476,044 32,461 92,253 3,440,915 2,696,230 9,408,207 12,104,437

70,249,113

79,196,367

74,197,829

68,715,649

50,846,539

64,063,635

66,832,143

66,684,301

45,946,214

51,625,722

53,516,924

48,472,820

33,578,516

42,394,828

46,759,996

45,808,215

Data sources: FAOSTAT 2015.

Import Roundwood (total, m3)

Country

Roundwood (total, 1,000 USD)

2000

2005

2010

2013

2000

2005

2010

2013

105,300 30,500 527,000 57,757 720,557 590 2,696 8,590,000 4,024,000 53,634 105,000 96,000 2,110 954,000 637,000 346,480 10,004,597 2,043,152 3,596,000 445,371 353,700 3,817 107,000 6,295,000 136,030 0 60,570 763,803 4,340 n.a. 4,507 388,000 3,348,000 732,400 1,342,139 20,400 n.a. 24,000 129,000 495,910 3,789,318 11,897,535 304,130

76,504 30,500 730,000 170,218 1,007,222 590 2,696 8,901,000 3,207,000 53,634 48,037 63,000 493 1,162,000 771,072 1,883,926 16,211,820 2,393,854 3,421,000 327,835 350,000 604 232,911 5,620,037 1,086,681 0 287,906 412,573 20 n.a. 4,507 316,195 3,255,722 2,045,400 363,523 336,037 n.a. 28,000 104,531 409,084 3,684,000 8,849,968 212,696

35,410 41,364 893 19,041 96,708 590 2,696 8,651,751 4,254,764 112,020 39,815 13,000 594 1,049,000 1,140,263 336,396 6,407,984 1,733,081 8,071,435 409,790 509,449 92 121,298 4,150,000 438,237 0 332,142 790,475 321 n.a. 4,507 236,300 1,478,800 2,323,826 856,259 611,067 n.a. 105,310 650,237 306,861 1,841,174 6,791,223 299,029

18,640 36,804 20,290 14,200 89,934 6,380 2,696 9,031,123 4,864,760 34,000 44,222 12,000 1,668 2,498,000 566,154 298,539 6,770,193 1,355,485 8,710,359 379,256 282,027 1,348 252,915 3,742,532 989,285 0 383,973 1,098,741 598 n.a. 30 299,254 782,544 2,294,768 2,430,667 1,343,539 n.a. 97,000 883,761 574,737 2,052,936 8,038,993 261,055

4,141 1,351 13,330 8,623 27,445 180 202 440,764 155,647 62 4,274 2,535 683 40,866 48,324 14,046 352,758 278,808 318,196 34,557 19,192 1,095 26,003 518,266 6,966 n.a. 4,838 20,549 221 n.a. 328 34,223 147,074 36,385 158,928 1,186 n.a. 1,767 3,244 22,435 271,137 484,197 29,565

3,088 1,351 17,450 10,132 32,021 68 202 616,746 145,082 3,154 2,931 2,926 141 74,273 69,178 106,408 807,152 289,203 320,877 31,531 18,929 187 65,409 524,881 66,572 n.a. 17,645 27,598 23 n.a. 328 26,329 208,908 100,102 99,027 19,930 n.a. 1,989 3,901 41,552 199,164 523,521 19,610

2,161 3,122 73 2,083 7,439 68 202 791,636 261,597 9,342 3,351 1,565 286 87,328 83,302 29,826 444,527 206,400 653,773 24,421 23,664 19 42,555 442,212 25,471 n.a. 20,433 40,770 175 n.a. 328 29,410 130,836 124,526 116,581 43,441 n.a. 6,564 28,513 33,652 91,530 467,670 33,712

1,855 2,759 1,680 1,381 7,675 743 202 911,138 316,972 3,845 2,934 1,352 336 197,387 70,066 32,040 463,004 153,978 773,834 28,584 18,764 100 39,841 387,861 78,186 n.a. 23,723 36,291 315 n.a. 5,782 34,766 69,475 124,775 265,796 87,824 n.a. 5,782 52,604 60,854 151,788 595,520 30,746

38,321

796

119,693

40,796

994

4,228

1,516

258,912 61,397,462 1,000 1,100 1 42,697 76,050 2,700 0 1,883,000 0 72,487 2,079,035 6,539,938 2,571,000 9,110,938

448,182 66,497,330 1,000 4,091 1 12,606 175,326 3,502 0 2,303,600 0 206,954 2,707,080 6,345,655 3,753,855 10,099,510

345,018 54,534,497 2 10,700 16,735 5,375 85,289 3,308 0 1,416,000 0 274,381 1,811,790 4,839,948 899,969 5,739,917

434,828 60,861,162 6,380 4,000

70,539 3,551,034 40 61 143 12,144 2,748 152 395 128,616 75 3,044 147,418 383,830 222,613 606,443

118,813 4,554,323 114 506 143 1,460 7,776 321 395 220,334 75 8,842 239,966 426,953 302,643 729,596

108,986 4,412,900 1 1,274 1,709 867 8,937 380 395 161,041 75 19,610 194,289 313,907 75,995 389,902

66,244 5,094,968 185 401

8,260 196,456 1,600 15,870 700,100 12,994 287,866 1,233,526 4,946,000 1,137,000 6,083,000

689 14,861 267 980 109,457 4,023 30,251 161,114 314,213 100,307 414,520

73,307,992

80,311,142

62,182,912

68,267,622

4,332,340

5,555,906

5,004,530

5,678,277

ECE Total

57,617,767

62,938,085

52,411,760

59,635,313

3,369,767

4,319,844

4,227,601

4,976,777

EU-28

193

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 12e Trade in wood Import Country Belarus Moldova Russian Federation Ukraine ECE East Albania Andorra Austria Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia United Kingdom ECE Central Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia Israel Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkey Turkmenistan Uzbekistan ECE South-East Canada United States of America ECE West ECE Total

EU-28

194

Sawnwood (total, m )

Sawnwood (total, 1,000 USD)

2000

2005

2010

2013

2000

2005

2010

2013

70,600 109,700 21,000 249,500 450,800 14,652 10,025 1,663,000 2,223,000 20,600 18,000 238,800 66,800 336,000 2,925,000 199,340 341,398 3,341,059 6,344,000 757,610 1,139,300 94,000 646,000 8,380,000 135,450 n.a. 279,410 63,862 22,000 n.a. 3,949 3,705,000 945,000 378,500 297,227 7,500 n.a. 372,000 55,000 197,500 3,164,651 348,091 453,380

115,500 109,700 24,000 18,470 267,670 23,890 10,025 1,500,000 2,467,000 16,655 75,840 309,000 134,780 535,000 2,200,547 627,206 511,408 4,023,103 4,878,000 874,151 985,000 113,338 955,279 7,727,326 616,033 n.a. 658,230 58,075 22,460 n.a. 3,949 3,099,500 1,042,032 668,600 333,000 29,000 n.a. 356,000 38,000 214,715 3,391,000 348,000 399,515

8,898 143,400 29,964 7,043 189,305 23,890 10,025 1,797,342 2,152,558 39,270 14,145 239,000 73,642 449,000 1,831,415 641,967 627,303 3,834,085 4,384,498 370,480 461,345 54,060 242,031 6,134,000 201,201 0 291,274 125,812 15,320 n.a. 3,949 2,750,000 947,956 714,722 208,384 42,904 n.a. 357,000 294,999 959,090 1,324,400 422,255 481,926

14,000 126,715 30,890 6,960 178,565 76,660 10,025 1,905,702 2,188,280 76,000 21,334 156,000 28,982 476,000 1,416,134 864,041 354,605 2,491,006 4,354,606 223,080 396,500 79,281 134,268 4,653,702 268,002 0 380,621 99,185 17,773 n.a. 4,540 2,363,000 1,055,392 655,446 164,459 54,511 n.a. 270,904 193,157 1,090,717 828,020 454,919 427,494

5,557 4,336 3,790 6,636 20,319 970 2,648 271,416 569,477 5,705 1,991 27,136 18,010 53,112 505,429 18,008 78,138 784,469 1,272,751 137,628 115,631 22,391 186,326 1,651,699 12,517 n.a. 28,724 12,284 9,391 n.a. 1,583 832,418 238,562 65,053 109,262 2,784 n.a. 34,430 7,984 45,241 754,200 113,848 135,299

11,362 4,336 7,620 2,738 26,056 4,242 2,648 389,397 671,200 4,821 8,935 60,924 41,173 122,396 592,395 100,991 128,201 1,188,252 1,285,976 212,820 158,866 34,913 306,420 1,910,439 95,801 n.a. 125,566 16,429 12,075 n.a. 1,583 909,593 331,093 167,317 162,591 10,663 n.a. 48,699 22,932 72,824 817,734 182,550 175,365

3,088 16,008 13,404 3,689 36,189 4,242 2,648 535,970 705,364 9,230 6,472 53,637 29,890 148,373 424,226 162,400 156,566 1,239,343 1,345,896 114,173 107,512 21,815 97,862 1,723,213 41,846 n.a. 75,869 26,682 8,774 n.a. 1,583 933,237 357,089 227,431 130,280 21,837 n.a. 66,587 104,534 196,072 304,048 168,893 259,800

5,779 19,621 16,494 2,868 44,762 13,517 2,648 597,141 750,186 17,125 8,700 38,570 13,812 153,077 377,841 230,713 95,086 999,392 1,371,276 63,118 102,158 21,267 68,197 1,308,148 61,730 n.a. 121,598 32,102 6,780 n.a. 1,319 804,200 370,168 252,794 77,355 33,160 n.a. 56,181 79,580 237,628 241,761 204,185 236,794

154,366

98,871

80,741

43,807

15,182

10,410

11,365

11,310

7,852,500 47,193,970 8,640 192,361 800 386,463 482,134 43,100 40,380 312,000 23,803 32,500 1,522,181 1,736,025 34,390,823 36,126,848

8,340,917 47,685,445 30,100 525,782 200 407,123 812,545 96,910 109,000 469,350 23,803 2,312 2,477,125 2,226,270 43,504,381 45,730,651

5,699,069 38,301,058 44,757 466,000 2,118 495,914 514,211 171,493 58,900 664,000 23,803 1,712,444 4,153,640 1,410,876 16,575,803 17,986,679

5,493,807 33,771,960 22,949 741,886 n.a. 716,250 455,871 347,100 853,580 954,000 323,960 2,423,524 6,839,120 1,447,000 20,049,400 21,496,400

1,672,828 9,814,525 1,070 14,619 45 126,406 18,946 2,252 1,877 32,841 1,877 1,670 201,603 561,458 7,060,497 7,621,955

2,038,080 12,426,314 2,923 26,500 77 137,726 50,435 9,168 19,000 65,704 1,877 868 314,278 549,749 8,987,751 9,537,500

1,852,355 11,677,114 9,937 91,416 635 222,590 94,650 27,064 10,101 132,290 1,877 215,067 805,627 473,426 3,412,054 3,885,480

1,847,251 10,907,868 7,757 166,613 n.a. 213,559 78,890 74,721 89,318 238,438 90,534 450,036 1,409,866 515,903 5,068,218 5,584,121

85,293,799

96,160,891

60,630,682

62,286,045

17,658,402

22,304,148

16,404,410

17,946,617

45,125,998

45,621,170

36,302,241

31,727,857

9,357,755

11,812,540

10,942,755

10,177,539

Data sources: FAOSTAT 2015.

Import Wood-based panels (total, m )

Wood-based panels (total, 1,000 USD)

2000

2005

2010

2013

2000

2005

2010

2013

105,885 24,631 375,500 109,409 615,425 10,522 1,706 688,000 1,418,000 31,020 41,874 122,392 80,890 462,000 1,032,000 182,030 197,000 1,615,599 4,066,000 386,633 250,800 32,000 284,000 1,729,000 41,980 n.a. 115,380 58,501 25,500 n.a. 26,692 1,727,000 216,861 687,700 246,025 225,600 n.a. 141,000 334,000 131,880 1,179,490 667,354 516,910

189,900 24,631 1,126,400 594,745 1,935,676 111,839 1,706 772,000 1,850,000 146,837 308,190 266,000 170,920 583,000 1,490,074 196,132 313,210 2,021,936 4,135,000 427,214 474,000 22,372 328,372 2,092,147 135,854 n.a. 381,124 49,892 37,240 n.a. 26,692 1,642,500 272,759 1,523,700 301,000 698,833 n.a. 187,000 318,000 295,338 1,606,000 961,112 568,557

549,717 100 1,137,883 479,594 2,167,294 98,239 1,706 809,212 1,875,626 181,310 312,174 238,000 108,695 740,000 882,935 175,609 398,097 2,498,783 4,552,156 324,963 441,280 17,139 165,881 3,043,000 150,899 0 453,130 52,615 22,846 n.a. 26,692 1,482,600 361,989 1,713,329 504,333 695,405 n.a. 293,000 486,000 250,006 1,018,004 1,104,538 562,252

538,000 133,806 2,197,430 830,430 3,699,666 177,390 1,706 860,525 1,852,670 186,000 248,004 278,760 50,835 1,000,060 623,758 202,772 366,657 2,117,770 4,984,227 222,006 553,570 37,449 193,853 2,382,741 225,265 0 541,372 78,267 81,001 n.a. 27,310 1,364,000 412,162 1,735,009 497,473 449,845 n.a. 250,600 449,204 234,288 918,882 948,531 563,399

24,224 2,340 81,003 20,562 128,129 5,709 865 249,880 478,288 6,580 11,300 40,844 17,396 108,219 257,732 30,183 62,174 590,217 1,263,931 90,991 82,404 13,798 96,651 591,030 11,486 n.a. 26,024 18,729 8,887 n.a. 9,036 525,670 114,795 179,923 98,660 64,371 n.a. 34,670 50,964 54,373 392,740 243,837 256,297

47,790 2,340 285,501 96,652 432,283 11,534 865 382,759 752,738 45,519 75,307 92,022 44,916 208,199 408,911 76,022 149,356 1,009,625 1,624,035 182,519 173,993 16,925 194,404 967,438 50,147 n.a. 117,089 16,932 9,112 n.a. 9,036 693,211 195,036 489,167 156,859 298,412 n.a. 45,816 166,214 123,323 584,901 430,791 363,471

137,263 31 512,299 154,423 804,016 21,714 865 439,747 669,860 60,212 93,961 82,881 37,364 224,605 222,333 69,196 192,234 1,187,618 2,039,124 114,059 159,974 12,111 86,822 1,017,197 49,459 n.a. 142,129 22,113 8,969 n.a. 9,036 742,875 250,673 612,272 209,327 291,671 n.a. 101,860 246,190 119,991 346,754 481,364 325,110

187,857 48,345 835,513 291,520 1,363,235 37,039 865 475,148 704,934 70,109 110,510 94,917 18,090 285,056 235,454 95,390 199,987 1,227,305 2,196,065 99,380 204,150 14,393 104,073 956,636 70,180 n.a. 206,462 29,154 8,460 n.a. 9,927 693,966 294,244 591,198 197,915 229,157 n.a. 99,974 210,100 119,971 402,221 495,781 377,793

Country

58,065

75,741

73,284

115,307

10,761

22,403

33,197

40,303

3,306,728 22,338,132 8,837 58,041 5,070 281,599 146,877 39,663 8,684 535,000 2,924 319,037 1,405,732 1,539,172 13,933,033 15,472,205

3,938,528 28,730,819 39,908 223,800 5,070 416,217 503,270 31,903 0 1,130,206 2,924 195,731 2,549,029 2,171,000 20,730,604 22,901,604

2,700,996 28,816,723 80,527 283,217 91,678 499,325 390,432 97,986 0 1,059,200 2,924 438,796 2,944,085 2,950,805 7,746,543 10,697,348

2,962,670 28,195,338 99,761 430,496 n.a. 543,810 830,506 239,908 120,510 1,386,800 109,583 548,970 4,310,344 2,878,300 10,079,940 12,958,240

1,038,592 7,138,007 2,073 6,615 603 116,369 16,798 2,769 1,144 99,420 742 16,293 262,826 445,882 3,372,128 3,818,010

1,448,695 11,637,702 5,517 19,656 603 145,612 101,669 9,845 0 381,199 742 59,410 724,253 820,800 7,096,740 7,917,540

1,206,654 11,931,521 27,936 57,377 30,127 213,777 200,696 29,328 0 531,806 742 93,996 1,185,785 948,917 3,156,261 4,105,178

1,370,295 12,576,602 39,999 74,948 n.a. 221,621 261,886 65,852 779,184 32,438 69,433 184,525 1,729,886 1,031,409 4,719,390 5,750,799

39,831,494

56,117,128

44,625,450

49,163,588

11,346,972

20,711,778

18,026,500

21,420,522

ECE Total

21,303,356

27,317,316

27,201,112

26,424,015

6,685,496

10,927,097

11,116,743

11,631,955

EU-28

195

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 12f Trade in wood Import Country 2000

2005

2010

2013

40,832 102 52,200 54,827 147,961 4,354 n.a. 594,000 1,100,000 1,862 14,000 111,700 1,980 122,000 52,150 573 143,767 2,387,410 4,063,000 110,574 173,100 100 33,000 3,193,000 112 n.a. 7,850 4 350 n.a. 10 905,000 156,000 265,700 94,233 3,800 n.a. 17,100 76,000 164,283 669,227 307,350 465,230

39,400 102 25,300 91,440 156,242 4,354 n.a. 660,047 1,071,016 33,674 19,139 1,000 2,223 193,182 63,990 989 282,406 2,147,336 4,829,000 102,446 265,015 34 20,435 3,757,892 56 n.a. 1,140 28 41 n.a. 10 1,419,200 78,579 489,020 75,980 14,022 n.a. 11,000 96,000 194,596 880,619 466,691 507,241

48,126 102 60,860 87,242 196,330 4,354 n.a. 615,037 837,732 34,580 8,624 404 62 177,249 72,922 47 419,322 1,930,302 5,123,401 162,419 87,801 49 40,610 3,425,366 64 0 24,337 1 38 n.a. 10 1,210,400 47,619 678,920 34,788 73,873 n.a. 34,085 199,029 211,096 1,184,796 443,170 471,795

13,840 39 119,443 71,570 204,892 4,072 n.a. 714,821 666,240 37,000 34,663 60 58 187,530 56,959 21,580 410,011 2,106,478 4,743,000 152,820 106,292 22 54,461 3,472,745 235 0 41,774 85 234 n.a. 10 1,555,001 49,866 853,222 127,930 99,501 n.a. 48,000 139,821 204,786 1,119,215 421,782 164,321

2,916

532

343

117

1,736,335 16,978,070 n.a. 0 195 111,703 2,310 0 n.a. 320,000 0 1,820 436,028 273,925 6,596,000 6,869,925

1,627,309 19,316,242 90 57 195 158,798 742 405 0 486,666 0 2,857 649,810 319,000 6,134,589 6,453,589

1,061,000 18,615,645 n.a. 100 78 163,461 3,886 0 0 627,000 0 1,581 796,106 227,000 5,591,374 5,818,374

1,077,881 18,672,593 750 190

ECE Total

24,431,984

26,575,883

25,426,455

25,793,651

16,330,498

18,680,818

18,022,810

18,369,185

EU-28

196

Wood pulp (tonnes)

146,030 8,733 0 190 938,150 10 3,040 1,097,093 251,177 5,567,896 5,819,073

Data sources: FAOSTAT 2015.

Import Wood pulp (total, 1,000 USD)

Country

2000

2005

2010

2013

24,132 20 36,627 32,287 93,066 1,038 n.a. 365,944 684,049 694 9,601 13,935 1,583 77,994 35,189 262 87,485 1,502,551 2,524,218 76,307 105,314 35 25,226 1,910,010 82 n.a. 3,984 5 236 n.a. 16 562,446 92,306 173,709 56,862 1,381 n.a. 9,500 46,503 100,164 408,895 184,237 288,931

23,008 20 15,874 46,584 85,486 1,038 n.a. 396,453 600,502 17,219 10,740 372 1,597 111,745 39,492 164 155,389 1,170,372 2,645,142 51,848 137,927 35 18,342 1,903,944 50 n.a. 452 47 26 n.a. 16 813,363 43,375 258,776 37,367 8,220 n.a. 6,755 64,052 106,838 379,519 252,370 278,237

39,665 20 54,721 68,353 162,759 1,038 n.a. 500,193 780,199 26,364 7,698 315 60 144,587 53,087 44 302,397 1,551,192 4,027,296 91,892 66,685 29 40,879 2,501,636 65 n.a. 20,204 13 30 n.a. 16 959,532 35,378 503,838 22,889 58,856 n.a. 25,345 160,608 153,647 507,257 330,346 370,540

8,398 60 103,025 50,959 162,442 1,356 n.a. 523,045 636,526 26,262 24,611 197 54 145,273 43,933 13,319 279,036 1,455,370 3,512,573 101,203 75,762 18 42,489 2,273,557 270 n.a. 25,166 13 1 n.a. 11 1,238,748 40,962 576,583 83,753 66,383 n.a. 37,782 93,982 134,571 747,779 285,864 118,451

1,632

372

329

141

1,075,078 10,427,402 n.a. 0 100 68,506 202 0 n.a. 223,197 0 1,069 293,074 155,096 3,274,775 3,429,871

875,709 10,387,865 87 30 100 80,519 835 148 0 270,326 0 2,703 354,748 181,869 2,969,985 3,151,854

857,756 14,102,240 47 101 94 131,933 2,979 0 0 524,907 0 1,661 661,722 168,586 3,731,815 3,900,401

727,716 13,332,760 610 323 101,526 5,606 0 145 627,866 47 3,098 739,221 168,121 3,376,382 3,544,503

14,243,413

13,979,953

18,827,122

17,778,926

ECE Total

10,033,250

10,040,818

13,643,201

13,107,777

EU-28

197

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 13a Biological diversity

Country

198

Forest designation

Naturalness - Forest

Forest designation Conservation of biodiversity (1,000 ha)

Undisturbed by man (1,000 ha)

2000

2005

2010

2000

2005

2010

2015

487 44 16,190 249 16,970 83 0 30 0 20 46 39 3 205 19 137 1,609 n.a. 0 152 175 0 0 2,874 498 1 166 0 0 0 27 90 158 387 170 308 0 125 81 83 1,962 2,802 66

1,181 61 16,488 251 17,981 96 0 107 209 20 34 47 3 273 22 179 1,925 n.a. 2,897 159 419 1 83 3,062 482 1 193 0 0 0 27 90 277 419 170 309 0 128 81 84 1,997 2,883 67

1,208 64 17,572 350 19,194 189 0 108 209 20 22 54 3 293 40 208 1,925 3,257 2,897 164 424 1 83 3,265 498 1 198 0 0 0 27 90 428 434 171 317 0 126 81 575 2,270 2,950 68

135 0 258,131 59 258,325 262 n.a. 64 0 2 270 7 13 9 32 48 n.a. 30 0 0 0 0 n.a. 93 17 2 21 0 0 0 0 0 160 51 24 300 0 1 24 53 0 2,417 40

135 0 255,470 59 255,664 262 n.a. 59 0 2 304 7 13 9 31 52 n.a. 30 0 0 0 0 n.a. 93 16 2 26 0 0 0 79 0 160 54 24 300 0 1 24 49 0 2,417 40

135 0 273,343 59 273,537 122 n.a. 54 0 2 597 7 13 9 32 55 230 30 0 0 0 0 n.a. 93 15 2 26 0 0 0 109 0 160 56 24 300 0 1 24 49 0 2,417 40

135 0 272,718 59 272,912 62 n.a. 49 0 2 n.a. 7 13 10 34 58 230 30 0 0 0 0 n.a. 93 16 2 26 0 0 0 109 0 160 59 24 283 0 1 24 49 0 2,417 40

290 21,687 0 72 520 27 530 85 344 1,069 104 210 2,961 23,924 65,050 88,974

0 3,940 17 400 500 0 0 240 297 837 104 57 2,452 206,359 72,305 278,664

0 4,053 17 400 500 0 0 241 297 859 104 57 2,475 206,225 75,709 281,934

0 4,467 17 400 500 0 0 269 297 881 104 72 2,540 206,062 75,294 281,356

0 3,798 17 400 500 0 0 269 297 913 104 72 2,572 205,924 75,300 281,224

132,816

543,380

544,126

561,900

560,506

20,827

3,473

3,508

4,032

3,423

n.a. 12,317 0 72 520 27 33 52 344 803 104 211 2,166 23,924 60,715 84,639

n.a. 16,745 0 72 520 27 530 64 344 860 104 275 2,796 23,924 60,846 84,770

ECE Total

116,092

122,292

EU-28

11,837

16,128

Naturalness - Forest Semi-natural (1,000 ha)

Plantations (1,000 ha)

Country

2000

2005

2010

2015

2000

2005

2010

2015

5,850 323 535,777 9,120 551,071 412 n.a. 3,498 237 2,059 2,172 1,775 131 2,628 110 2,191 17,492 13,730 11,354 3,472 971 11 82 7,692 3,223 5 1,999 59 0 n.a. 0 356 n.a. 8,982 2,517 4,665 0 2,420 1,877 1,144 14,473 25,128 1,154

5,683 362 536,358 9,082 551,485 423 n.a. 3,514 250 2,239 2,473 1,794 130 2,638 104 2,197 16,242 14,076 11,384 3,618 1,042 12 82 8,064 3,278 5 2,095 59 0 n.a. 540 361 n.a. 9,118 2,433 4,685 0 2,436 1,889 1,157 14,733 25,159 1,176

5,865 384 522,180 9,146 537,575 560 n.a. 3,527 263 2,342 2,323 1,813 129 2,648 101 2,175 15,212 14,291 11,409 3,763 1,089 12 71 8,314 3,335 5 2,144 59 0 n.a. 710 369 11,827 9,223 2,350 4,827 0 2,532 1,896 1,166 15,366 25,015 1,194

5,830 384 522,372 9,230 537,816 628 n.a. 3,540 269 2,342 2,173 1,814 129 2,657 101 2,169 15,212 14,291 11,419 3,763 1,112 12 71 8,565 3,332 5 2,154 59 0 n.a. 710 373 n.a. 9,316 2,267 6,009 0 2,504 1,897 1,165 15,509 24,963 1,212

1,860 1 15,360 331 17,553 96 n.a. 276 430 124 933 103 28 0 443 4 4,953 1,593 0 129 803 28 553 584 2 0 0 28 0 n.a. 0 4 n.a. 26 802 1,401 0 39 20 36 2,504 618 0

2,018 1 16,963 334 19,315 98 n.a. 278 425 124 874 102 29 0 422 4 5,901 1,608 0 134 811 35 613 602 3 0 0 28 0 n.a. 7 4 n.a. 28 839 1,406 0 39 19 37 2,549 642 1

2,046 2 19,613 343 22,004 94 n.a. 279 419 128 817 100 30 0 454 4 6,775 1,633 0 140 833 42 655 621 3 0 0 28 0 n.a. 8 4 115 50 865 1,433 0 180 19 32 2,882 642 1

2,159 0 19,841 368 22,368 95 n.a. 280 414 128 760 101 31 0 464 4 6,775 1,633 0 140 835 48 683 639 8 0 0 28 0 n.a. 8 4 115 60 891 569 0 215 19 34 2,909 693 2

n.a.

n.a. 138,018 305 516 2,200 65 2,309 559 12 7,394 4,023 2,691 20,074 132,098 212,175 344,273

344 139,749 305 516 2,212 67 2,428 562 12 7,611 4,023 2,644 20,380 129,641 207,639 337,280

n.a. 152,059 305 516 2,250 66 2,408 628 12 7,482 4,023 2,569 20,259 127,265 210,879 338,144

n.a. 141,742 305 516 2,250 66 2,408 628 12 7,644 4,023 2,569 20,421 125,361 208,431 333,792

n.a. 16,561 11 20 60 88 1,056 59 101 1,952 0 464 3,811 9,345 22,560 31,905

2,716 20,379 10 20 61 88 909 66 101 2,192 0 594 4,041 11,710 24,425 36,135

2,716 22,003 21 20 61 88 901 57 101 2,840 0 635 4,723 13,975 25,564 39,539

n.a. 18,587 21 20 61 89 901 57 101 3,386 0 635 5,270 15,784 26,364 42,148

1,053,435

1,048,894

1,048,036

1,033,771

69,829

79,870

88,269

88,373

ECE Total

131,957

132,918

132,877

134,329

16,273

20,074

21,434

17,975

EU-28

199

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 13b Biological diversity Naturalness - Other wooded land Country

Semi-natural (1,000 ha)

2000

2005

2010

2015

2000

2005

2010

2015

n.a. n.a. 71,607 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 55 0 0 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 29 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 0 n.a. 0 0 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 8

n.a. n.a. 73,169 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 60 0 0 0 0 n.a. 0 10 34 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 0 n.a. 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. 0 1,112 9

n.a. n.a. 73,220 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 66 0 0 0 0 n.a. 0 16 42 16 0 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 0 n.a. 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. 0 1,136 9

n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 63 0 0 0 0 n.a. 0 14 42 16 0 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 0 n.a. 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. 0 1,136 9

915 n.a. n.a. 41 n.a. 262 n.a. 61 27 549 n.a. 415 n.a. 0 4 65 n.a. 1,812 0 2,924 n.a. 129 n.a. 1,565 123 0 83 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 521 0 n.a. 10,360 n.a. 55

499 n.a. n.a. 41 n.a. 261 n.a. 66 30 549 n.a. 484 n.a. 0 4 76 n.a. 1,715 0 2,780 n.a. 132 n.a. 1,620 118 0 73 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 521 0 n.a. 10,259 1,432 58

541 n.a. n.a. 26 n.a. 267 n.a. 73 33 549 n.a. 554 n.a. 0 6 92 584 1,618 0 2,636 n.a. 135 n.a. 1,673 113 0 84 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 410 0 n.a. 9,278 1,296 60

600 0 0 26 n.a. 452 0 80 36 549 n.a. 569 n.a. 0 6 92 584 1,618 0 2,636 n.a. 138 n.a. 1,673 112 0 104 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 90 n.a. 508 0 n.a. 9,209 1,296 61

n.a.

0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 235 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

ECE Total

n.a.

EU-28

n.a.

200

Undisturbed by man (1,000 ha)

Naturalness - Other wooded land Plantations (1,000 ha)

Country

2000

2005

2010

2015

n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 1 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 1 n.a. 85 0 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. 0 0 0

n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 1 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 27 0 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. 3 n.a. 88 0 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. 0 0 0

n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 1 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 25 0 201 0 0 0 n.a. 4 n.a. 88 0 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. 0 0 0

n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 1 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. 0 26 0 201 0 0 0 n.a. 6 n.a. 88 0 0 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 0 n.a. 0 0 0

n.a.

0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

n.a.

ECE Total

n.a.

EU-28

201

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 13c Biological diversity Deadwood standing Country

202

Forest (m /ha)

Other wooded land (m3/ha)

2000

2005

2010

2000

2005

2010

1.2 n.a. 6.6 1.1 3.0 0.0 n.a. 5.3 2.8 n.a. n.a. 6.0 0.9 n.a. n.a. 5.9 1.3 n.a. 2.4 n.a. 6.3 0.0 n.a. 5.0 n.a. n.a. 23.0 4.4 n.a. n.a. 2.5 3.6 2.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 4.2 n.a. n.a. 9.5

0.7 n.a. 6.6 1.2 2.8 0.5 n.a. 6.6 2.8 n.a. n.a. 6.0 0.9 4.8 2.9 6.9 1.6 n.a. 5.5 n.a. 7.2 0.0 2.7 5.3 6.9 n.a. 23.0 4.4 n.a. n.a. 2.5 4.6 n.a. n.a. 2.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 4.8 n.a. 2.9 11.7

0.8 n.a. 6.7 1.2 2.9 0.5 n.a. 7.5 2.9 n.a. n.a. 6.0 0.9 4.8 4.0 7.9 1.7 7.0 4.7 n.a. 4.6 0.0 3.2 5.6 9.2 n.a. 23.0 4.4 n.a. n.a. 3.1 5.7 3.4 2.7 n.a. 0.1 n.a. n.a. 12.4 7.1 n.a. 3.1 11.9

1.3 n.a. 3.6 n.a. n.a. 0.0 n.a. 0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.0 n.a. 0.4 0.4 n.a. 0.0 n.a. n.a. 0.0 n.a. n.a. 0.0 n.a. 3.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.3 0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.9 n.a. n.a. 0.8

0.8 n.a. 3.8 n.a. n.a. 0.1 n.a. 0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.0 0.1 0.8 0.6 n.a. 0.0 n.a. n.a. 0.0 n.a. n.a. 0.0 n.a. 3.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.3 0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.9 n.a. 0.8 0.8

0.8 n.a. 3.9 n.a. n.a. 0.1 n.a. 0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.0 1.3 0.9 0.8 n.a. 0.0 n.a. n.a. 0.0 n.a. n.a. 0.0 n.a. 3.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.1 0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.0 n.a. n.a. 4.6 0.9 n.a. 0.7 0.8

n.a.

0.8 4.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

0.8 4.9 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

0.8 5.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

ECE Total

n.a.

EU-28

n.a.

Deadwood standing Total forest and other wooded land (m3/ha)

Country

2000

2005

2010

2.5 n.a. 10.2 n.a. n.a. 0.0 n.a. 0.0 2.8 n.a. n.a. 6.0 0.9 n.a. n.a. 6.3 1.3 n.a. 2.4 n.a. 6.3 0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 22.3 4.4 n.a. n.a. 2.1 3.6 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 4.1 n.a. n.a. n.a.

1.5 n.a. 10.4 n.a. n.a. 0.6 n.a. 0.0 2.8 n.a. n.a. 6.0 0.9 4.8 2.9 7.7 1.6 n.a. 5.5 n.a. 7.2 0.0 n.a. n.a. 6.9 n.a. 22.3 4.4 n.a. n.a. 2.1 4.6 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 4.7 n.a. 2.8 10.1

1.6 n.a. 10.6 n.a. n.a. 0.6 n.a. 0.0 2.9 n.a. n.a. 6.0 0.9 4.8 4.0 8.8 1.7 7.0 4.7 n.a. 4.6 0.0 n.a. n.a. 9.2 n.a. 22.3 4.4 n.a. n.a. 2.7 5.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.1 n.a. n.a. 11.4 5.3 n.a. 3.0 n.a.

n.a.

0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

n.a.

ECE Total

n.a.

EU-28

203

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 13d Biological diversity Deadwood lying Country

204

Forest (m /ha)

Other wooded land (m3/ha)

2000

2005

2010

2000

2005

2010

0.8 n.a. 15.4 0.4 n.a. n.a. n.a. 8.4 4.3 n.a. n.a. 8.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 4.0 4.3 n.a. 9.1 n.a. n.a. 0.0 n.a. 3.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. 7.2 n.a. n.a. 2.8 4.1 4.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1.2 n.a. 10.7 n.a. n.a. 6.8

0.3 n.a. 15.3 0.4 n.a. n.a. n.a. 10.8 4.1 n.a. n.a. 8.0 n.a. 6.8 2.5 5.6 4.0 n.a. 18.2 n.a. n.a. 0.0 4.0 3.4 10.8 n.a. n.a. 7.1 n.a. n.a. 2.8 5.2 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1.2 n.a. 12.2 n.a. 4.6 9.2

0.4 n.a. 15.3 0.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 12.8 4.4 n.a. n.a. 8.0 n.a. 6.8 1.5 6.9 4.0 n.a. 15.9 n.a. 3.4 0.0 4.3 3.6 14.3 n.a. n.a. 7.1 n.a. n.a. 3.5 6.2 6.0 3.1 n.a. 12.4 n.a. 1.2 28.2 12.7 n.a. 4.7 11.5

0.9 n.a. 8.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 5.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.0 n.a. 0.4 0.6 n.a. 0.0 n.a. n.a. 0.0 n.a. n.a. 0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.3 0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 6.4 n.a. 2.4 n.a. n.a. 1.8

0.4 n.a. 8.9 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 5.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.0 0.6 1.3 0.8 n.a. 0.0 n.a. n.a. 0.0 n.a. n.a. 0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.3 0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 5.3 n.a. 2.4 n.a. 0.6 1.4

0.4 n.a. 9.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 5.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.0 0.5 2.2 1.2 n.a. 0.0 n.a. n.a. 0.0 n.a. n.a. 0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.1 0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 2.2 n.a. 5.3 12.8 2.4 n.a. 0.7 0.9

n.a.

3.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

ECE Total

n.a.

EU-28

n.a.

Deadwood lying Total forest and other wooded land (m3/ha)

Country

2000

2005

2010

3.3 n.a. 25.6 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 8.4 4.3 n.a. n.a. 8.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 10.3 1.1 n.a. 11.5 n.a. n.a. 0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 7.2 n.a. n.a. 4.5 4.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1.2 n.a. 10.5 n.a. n.a. n.a.

1.8 n.a. 25.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 10.8 4.1 n.a. n.a. 8.0 n.a. 6.8 2.5 13.3 3.9 n.a. 18.2 n.a. n.a. 0.0 n.a. n.a. 17.7 n.a. n.a. 7.1 n.a. n.a. 4.5 5.2 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1.2 n.a. 12.0 n.a. 4.4 7.0

2.0 n.a. 25.9 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 12.8 4.4 n.a. n.a. 8.0 n.a. 6.8 1.5 15.7 3.9 n.a. 15.9 n.a. 3.4 0.0 n.a. n.a. 23.6 n.a. n.a. 7.1 n.a. n.a. 5.7 6.2 n.a. n.a. n.a. 14.6 n.a. 1.2 26.3 13.6 n.a. 4.5 n.a.

n.a.

0.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

n.a.

ECE Total

n.a.

EU-28

205

FORESTS OF THE ECE REGION

ANNEX 3: SOURCE SOURCE DA DATA TABLES TABLES Table 14 Certification Country

FSC 2007

FSC 2014

PEFC 2007

PEFC 2014

2,502 0 15,521 1,409 19,431 0 0 5 11 62 22 1,322 0 15 188 1 434 16 478 32 196 0 0 20 1,629 0 1,042 11 0 0 0 100 0 6,900 24 1,093 0 40 159 271 132 11,234 674

4,901 0 38,433 1,410 44,745 0 0 1 23 1,519 410 1,320 0 50 200 1,177 482 19 972 0 321 0 447 51 1,749 0 1,066 21 0 0 0 169 351 6,920 340 2,440 0 1,018 142 250 194 12,063 814

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,960 255 0 0 0 0 1,976 205 0 22,144 4,577 7,186 0 0 0 0 652 38 0 0 24 0 0 0 0 8,478 0 0 0 0 0 537 0 1,048 7,048 453

8,256 0 2,758 0 11,014 0 0 2,782 299 0 0 0 0 1,845 253 1,836 20,620 5,568 7,361 0 0 0 376 725 1,684 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 9,126 7,287 250 0 0 0 1,243 10 1,739 9,813 206

1,273 27,382 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,353 9,082 33,435

1,377 35,906 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,389 0 0 2,389 54,804 15,721 70,525

0 58,581 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,139 29,936 69,075

1,352 74,407 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 116,237 29,936 146,172

ECE Total

80,248

153,565

127,656

231,593

26,605

32,203

49,650

65,075

EU-28

206

Certified areas (1,000 ha)

Data sources: PEFC and FSC 2014 - for more detailed information about sources of data and methods of estimation see web-based version.

Number Chain of Custody certificates FSC 2006

FSC 2014

PEFC 2006

PEFC 2014

2 0 32 1 35 0 0 41 84 0 2 44 0 20 63 28 12 116 390 0 11 0 20 156 90 2 26 5 0 0 0 316 9 343 9 24 0

0 0 259 0 259 0 0 244 705 250 59 207 10 161 249 176 97 822 2,114 13 115 0 92 1,783 216 5 179 16 9 2 0 1,352 41 1,168 148 259 3 103 110 162 631 288 510

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 279 66 0 0 0 0 250 10 0 109 921 602 0 2 0 0 35 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 6 0 1

Country

559 2,837 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

208 2,635 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

126 521 647

2,357 14,658 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 171 0 0 181 911 3,149 4,060

48 0 48

1,164 8,604 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 162 253 415

3,519

19,158

2,683

9,127

ECE Total

2,557

13,742

2,628

8,492

EU-28

19 20 53 106 269

0 0 0 0 48 65 1

14 1 103 0 0 442 439 1 2 0 0 159 76 31 201 2,084 1,550 0 17 0 35 685 30 0 7 16 0 0 0 495 47 119 76 20 0 0 53 13 636 142 64

207