Local Bird and Residents 'Habitats' Urban coastal wetland landscape with human and bird coexistence Process Log Bichen Guo (Z5173512)
Contents
Framework
3
The Birds and Residents
9
Responding to The Site
12
Site Analysis
16
Design Process
21
Detailed Design
29
1.0 Framework
3
- What role does the intertidal zone play in a waterfront city? - How can the intertidal zone at The Bays serve as a habitat for local birds while coexisting with human functions? Explore the role of intertidal zones as local bird habitats in coastal urban public landscapes.
4
The Bird Position
Our existing urban conditions Where is the 'home' of other lives in today's highly developed human society? what the topic is? why it is important? The destruction of intertidal ecology and the loss of habitat for local birds are problems that almost all coastal cities in the world have been facing in the last decade. The rapid development of coastal cities, especially the expansion of ports, has led to the neglect of intertidal ecological protection (Thompson, 2002). Today, the design and construction centered on human production and life place too much emphasis on positive economic development and convenience for its own single group. However, the immediate problem is the destruction of intertidal ecology through human intervention, which results in the loss of food sources and habitat for local birds (Mark,1997). In 2019, a large number of shearwater seabird carcasses were found on numerous beaches in Sydney. The direct cause of this problem is that a large number of birds are unable to find suitable living space at their destination and die in the endless search for habitat (Ming, 2019). The problem is not only for birds but also for many crab and shellfish species in the intertidal zone (the food source of seabirds), which are also facing the loss of living space due to excessive human modification of the intertidal zone, especially the harbor, resulting in a significant reduction in the number of organisms, which will directly lead to the destruction of the biological chain and negative changes in biodiversity (Jenkins, 1999). Therefore, it is important to actively restore intertidal ecology and create local bird habitats in the Bays urban public spaces. In the essay on the ecological restoration of habitats in the intertidal zone, Peter proposes the use of high replication photographic sampling data in ecological sciences to analyze public spaces with opportunities for bird habitat creation, investigate and construct numerical models to simulate future habitat development to achieve bird habitat creation in intertidal areas (Peter, 2014). Such interdisciplinary collaboration and research open unlimited opportunities for future intertidal ecology. Landscape architects have the ability and responsibility to translate Peter's research ideas into reality so that intertidal ecological restoration and healthy development can be achieved through a series of integrated landscape and other disciplines, with reasonable human intervention and natural restoration, thus creating healthy and safe bird habitats for local birds in the Bays site and achieving biodiversity.
5
The Resident Position
Our existing urban conditions Where is the ' health home' of residents in today's highly developed human society? what the topic is? why it is important?
Urban greenway is dedicated to the construction of environmentally friendly urban green belts through the urban fabric and undeveloped natural areas within cities to address a range of urban flora and fauna ecological and social issues brought about by excessive urban development (Sustrans, 2019). In the last decade, rapid urban development has been reflected in the expansion of urban structures and populations and therapid development of central urban areas. This has led to the emergence of many gray high-rise buildings and a series of issues related to the lack of physical and mental experience of urban residents and the ecological destruction of flora and fauna (Dingding, 2019). For individuals, the urban greenway is highly resilient and extensive. It can be adapted to different urban contexts and cultures as well as being able to effectively and intuitively improve the acute problems faced by a city. Therefore, the urban greenway is a landscape element that is well worth exploring and experimenting with.
The Bays is in the heart of Sydney, so the high-density, the low-green residential area faces the problems of rapid urban development. At the same time, the site has a complex land use situation. With urban development, most of the industrial industries in the area have declined and abandoned, and residents, flora and fauna face a range of quality of life and survival issues (Dave, 2016). Therefore, the urban greenway concept and associated design are of ample value here. Through personal understanding and observation, the Bays has a large flora and fauna population and abundant public green spaces in the surrounding residential areas, creating an urban habitat greenway landscape can ensure better survival of its original flora and fauna, as well as enhance the physical and mental health of the residents, while alleviating the problems caused by rapid urban development.
6
Site History
Changes in birds Glebe Island - mudflat bird habitat
1840
1855
Glebe Island being a beach island, its only route is from the Balmain coastline at low tide. Therefore, it is also a natural habitat for birds (Urban Growth NSW, 2015).
1900
Glebe Island began to be connected to the Balmain area by artificial reclamation, and factories began to appear while the bird population declined significantly (Urban Growth NSW, 2015).
Bird amount & species Bird population change chart
Bird population change chart
1500
Glebe Island has become a heavy industrial area with a concrete platform. As a result bird habitats no longer exist and birds have almost disappeared (Urban Growth NSW, 2015).
Bird population change chart
1500
1500
1350
1350
1350
1200
1200
1200
1050
1050
1050
900
900
900
750
750
750
600
600
600
450
450
450
300
300
300
150 0 1840
150
1845
1850
1855
1860
1865
- More than 300 species of local birds - Thousands of birds stay here as well as hundreds of birds that reside here permanently (World animal protection AU, 2014)
0 1840
150
1845
1850
1855
1860
1865
- Less than 100 species of birds - Only 40% of the original (World animal protection AU, 2014)
0 1840
1845
1850
1855
1860
1865
- Only 3-4 species of urban birds stay briefly - Less than 3% of the original(World animal protection AU, 2014)
7
Site History
Changes in residents
Glebe Island - a space for residents to live
1983
2011
1900
With the development of industry, the area around Glebe Island gradually appeared some supporting activity ares for workers. (Urban Growth NSW, 2015).
Industry gradually declined and most of the land was converted into communities for the use of residents. (Urban Growth NSW, 2015).
The land around Glebe Island is basically transformed and the concrete platform of Glebe Island awaits transformation.(Urban Growth NSW, 2015).
Number of residents
- Local workers mainly - No more than 2,000 people live here (NSW Government, 2018)
- Increase in residents thanks to redevelopment of surrounding land - The surrounding area has exceeded 40,000 residents (NSW Government, 2018)
- Future development of Glebe Island will help more people to settle here - The number of residents reached about 50,000 (NSW Government, 2018)
8
2.0 The Birds and Residents
9
Golden Whistler Bird Analysis Bird life and food webs The life of a golden whistler bird
The golden whistler bird food web Each bird eats an average of thousands of oysters and tens of thousands of insects per year
- September and January are egg laying times each year - Incubation time is 15 days
The whole cycle is about 1 year
- Each pair of birds lays about 2-3 eggs at a time Golden whistler
Eggs
- The weight of each baby bird is about 6-7 grams - Each baby bird can eat 2-3 times its body weight - It takes about 3 months to grow into a young bird
Each insect needs about 10 times its own volume to survive
Baby birds
Young birds
- Body length is about 1011cm - Each young bird needs approximately 30-50 of its own - It takes 2-3 months to grow into an adult bird
Insects
Small insects, shrubs and grass seeds
Adult male birds
Needs 1-2 times its own space to move around Seashell creatures
Seagrass
Adult female birds
- Adult bird size is 16-18cm - Requires hundreds of times its own size to move around - Requires a certain wetland and intertidal environment for foraging and survival - Breeding and mating take place every spring and fall
10
Local people Analysis
Local people daily life and activities
The person daily activities
The daily life of one person
Everyone's daily life space needs to combine urban and green
The whole cycle is about 1 day
- Takes up the majority of the day - About 10 hours a day
person
Living areas
City life and private space take up half of the day
- Key facilities for everyone to travel - A variety of formats
Green spaces and public spaces take up the other half of the day
Transportation facilities
- A key space for living and socializing - Takes up about 8 hours of the day Working spaces
City Streetscape
Food Space
Park green space landscape
Entertainment Space
- The space necessary for people to live - Need at least 10 m2 space for its use - May be used at any time of day
11
3.0 Responding to The Site
12
Bird Analysis Today's birds
Legend
Map of today's local birds
Existing bird stopping points Potential habitat Urban birds Water birds Beach nesting birds Bush birds Woodland birds Bush birds
Golden Whistler
A compact songbird with a short pointed bill. The male is olive above and yellow below, with a white throat set on a black head. The female, overall, is grayish with a yellow wash underneath. Once inhabited the mudflat habitat of Glebe Island (Australia birdlife, 2020). 0
100
200
400
1:10,000 @ A3
Potential bird species Urban birds
Australian White Ibis- ebirds.org
Water birds
Australia wood duck- ebirds.org
Beach nesting birds
Pied Oystercatcher- ebirds.org
800
Woodland birds
Bell miner- ebirds.org
- Bushes - Mangrove mudflat intertidal zone - Oysters and other shellfish intertidal organisms as food (7-8 per meal) - Insects in bushes (10-12 per meal) - About 1 m2 of activity space each - Requires a certain freshwater wetland environment
13
Resident Analysis
Today's resident communities Legend
Map of today's residental areas
The rate of resident areas Potential area
Glebe Island
69% 75% 57%
72%
83%
32% 52%
77% 37%
53%
Today Glebe Island is a near-abandoned industrial terminal, but its special location makes it an important player in linking and radiating the surrounding community. Therefore, it is urgent to develop this site to integrate it into the city's development.
30% 58%
0
100
200
400
1:10,000 @ A3
Potential residental areas
Balmain
Glebe
800
Pyrmont
- Living space - Entertainment zone - Restaurants (1-3 times per day) - About 10 m2 of activity space each person - Requires a certain healthy and safty environment
14
Vegetation Analysis
Today's surrounding green spaces
Map of today's green areas
Legend The green areas Potential area
Glebe Island
Glebe Island is an artificially reclaimed concrete platform structure, and its former use as an industrial site has led to a significant increase in soil toxicity. Therefore, it is difficult for vegetation to grow naturally here. 0
100
200
400
1:10,000 @ A3
Potential surrounding parks Glebe
Glebe
Jubilee Park
Blackwattle Bay Park
Pyrmont
Pirrama Park
800
Sydney
Barangaroo reserve
- Cutting and Filling - Water zone - At least 30-40% of the entire site - About 0.1 m2 of space each planting - Requires a suitable microclimate
15
Water Analysis
Today's water flow and confluence
Legend
Map of today's water
The underground water areas The surface water areas Creek confluence Water flowing Potential area Precipitation in Sydney
0
Potential water forms
Rainwater pipes
100
200
400
800
1:10,000 @ A3
Sydney has a humid subtropical climate with moderate average temperature changes throughout the year and no significant seasonal changes in precipitation, with slightly higher rainfall in the first half of the year due to easterly winds.
- The average annual precipitation is about 1214.3 mm - Can meet the water needs of most vegetation - About 60% of rainwater is collected - Annual temperature between 8 - 28 degrees Celsius - The temperature is also suitable for most vegetation Creeks
16
4.0 Site Analysis
16
Opportunities & Constraints Fundamental asset - Birds
Opportunity Glebe Island is surrounded by sea on three sides, and this special location provides the suitable conditions for the Golden Whistle to survive.
Opportunity Glebe Island is richly edges and provides abundant water contact for golden whistles, which provide the basis for bird food and breeding.
Constraint The concrete platform in the island becomes the biggest limitation for creating green space and water in the bird habitat.
Design principle
Landscape led, site-specific, constructing a bionic wetland habitat landscape suitable for the survival of the golden whistle
0
20
40
80
160
1:2000 @ A3
17
Opportunities & Constraints
Fundamental asset - Access and circulation
Legend Footpath
Design principle
Motorway
Green access, safety and well-established circulaton, creating safe, comfortable and well-lit people living spaces
Shared bike and walk path Bicycle-friendly road Existing road
Constraint The working port was the biggest limitation that was becoming a major barrier to accessing the island, so removing it became a key design move. Sydney Metro West Opened: 2028
Opportunity The entrance under the bridge provides opportunities for bicycle and pedestrian access to the island.
Opportunity The connection of the broken bridge provides opportunities for more residents and tourists to enter the island. 0
20
40
80
18 160
1:2000 @ A3
Opportunities & Constraints
Fundamental asset - Vegetation & phytoremediation
Legend Heavy pollution
Opportunity A small amount of vegetation grows in the low contamination zone, which provides opportunities for subsequent phytoremediation and addition of new plants.
Medium pollution Light pollution
Phytoremediation is the direct use of live green plants to remove, degrade or contain contaminants in situ in soil, sludge, sediment, surface water and groundwater. By utilizing the natural capabilities of plants, contaminants can be removed, degraded, or stabilized (Sooprayen. V, 2017).
How does it work ? To remove contaminants from soil, sediment and/or water, plants can break down or degrade organic contaminants, or control and stabilize metal contaminants by acting as filters or traps.
Design principle
Return to nature, combined with the concept of sustainable urban development, using the concept of phytoremediation to add plant communities, constructing an atmosphere of harmonious coexistence between people and birds.
0
20
40
80
160
1:2000 @ A3
18
Opportunities & Constraints
Fundamental asset - Water and edge
Legend Constraint The original edges of the islands may not be able to cope with the rising sea levels year by year in the future, resulting in saltwater intrusion.
+ HP
+ LP
Water zone Water flowing Contour lines
Opportunity The pipes that collect rainwater provide the opportunity to create a water element to the island's bionic wetland.
Opportunity The original marine vegetation provides opportunities for developing intertidal ecology.
Design principle
Ecological priority and return to history. Create different forms of intertidal landscapes and construct a stable ecosystem to cope with sea level rise.
0
20
40
80
160
1:2000 @ A3
19
Site Selection
Precedent study - LINGANG BIRD AIRPORT Legend
Map of purposed areas
Purposed resident areas Purposed social activities area Purposed wetland areas
19.5 hectares
Potential area
LINGANG BIRD AIRPORT The project aims to create a flagship ecological wetland area while responding to targeted environmental conditions to attract and provide refuge for several endangered bird species. The 61 hectare landscape has been specifically designed to accommodate over 50 species of birds in 3 different water habitats.
1:2000 @ A3
Purposed areas - Green infrastructure such as artificial wetlands, green parks and urban forests - Purified wastewater and collected rainwater are diverted to the entire wetland - Meet the demand of the estimated 500,000 visitors per year - 20 hectares of wooded surroundings to protect birds from surrounding urban development Residential area - LINGANG BIRD AIRPORT
Exhibition hall - LINGANG BIRD AIRPORT
Bird habitat wetland - LINGANG BIRD AIRPORT
20
5.0 Design Process
21
Design Principles
Landscape led and urban development led to form a stable urban ecology
Design principle 1
Green access, safety corridors, creating safe, comfortable and well-lit people living spaces
Design principle 3
Return to nature, combined with the concept of sustainable urban development, using the concept of phytoremediation to add plant communities, constructing an atmosphere of harmonious coexistence between people and birds.
Design principle 4
Ecological priority and return to history. Create different forms of intertidal landscapes and construct a stable ecosystem to cope with sea level rise.
Design principle 2
Landscape led, site-specific, constructing a bionic wetland habitat landscape suitable for the survival of the golden whistle
22
Design Process
Masterplan process
The analysis was used to understand the site conditions, especially the functional division of the different areas. This process focuses on defining the structure and road connections throughout the project, and then using the site's specificities and fundamental assets to develop a targeted design. Clear boundaries between residential areas and habitats help to realize the concept of combining urban and ecological development.
By defining the general structure of the project, a question about ecological restoration and rehabilitation is raised. This process of enriching and defining the details within the site realizes the idea of restoring the original ecology and at the same time realizing the idea of creating a green activity space for the residents.
Rethink the design of vegetation types and water treatment that contribute to ecological stability. By adding different vegetation (restoration plants, bird plants, and landscape plants) and water areas, the design achieves a sustainable ecological environment where people and birds can live together in harmony.
23
Design Process
Model making process
The modeling process further verifies the rationality and accuracy of each design element and space by exploring design concepts and goals as well as key movements.
24
Design Process
Model making process
Through the conceptual model, we further clarified the design of each area and how to achieve the sustainable development concept of human-bird coexistence and ecological stability through the design.
25
Measure of Time
Timeline of goals and events 2021
2025
2051
2071
Sea-level rise
Deposition of mud flats Percentage of tree canopy
2121
Sea level increased by 1m (Sydney data, 2019)
Up by 0.2m
Up by 0.5m
30%
60% Water impact accelerates formation 70%
Up by 0.8m
80%
20%
40%
60%
80%
10%
30%
50%
80%
Reduction of toxic soil The appearance of the first bird
Golden whistler re-entry to GlebeIisland
The life of a birds (bird numbers)
Dozens of Golden whistler
Bionic bush wetland & intertidal habitat
Hundreds of Golden whistler
Thousands of Golden whistler
50%
80%
50%
70%
80%
100%
10%
50%
80%
100%
30%
60%
80%
100%
30%
Entry of the first person
Degradation using phycological techniques (Ecologica Sinica, 2015)
100%
People re-entry to a new Glebe Island
Site connectivity
Ecological stability Human interaction
Daily events Yearly events Long term events
Stage 1 Urban Connectivity and Site Renewal
Stage 2 Habitat Establishment and Edge Renewal
Stage 3 Stage 3:Community Establishment and Restoration Ecology
Stage 4 Realizing a stable ecology of human-bird symbiosis
26
Hybrid Question & Vision Critical Events
Hybrid question What if Glebe island became a local bird and resident ' habitat', enriching people's interactions with birds while rejuvenating the intertidal landscape on both sides?
Vision This is an ecological restoration and urban development project using abandoned industrial land to create a bionic wetland; replace the original intertidal form with an environmentally friendly intertidal ecosystem; and create a series of facilities needed for residential and social activities. The formerly dilapidated Glebe Island will be revitalized.
Event 1: Urban Connectivity and Site Renewal
Event 3: Community Establishment and Phytoremediation
Event 2: Habitat Establishment and Edge Renewal
Event 4: Realizing a stable ecology of human-bird symbiosis
27
Stage Plan
Division of each stage
2021 - 2025
2025 - 2051
2071 - 2121
2051 - 2071
28
6.1 Detailed Design (Stage 1)
29
Stage 1: Urban Connectivity and Site Renewal 2021
2025
Sea-level rise Up by 0.2m
Deposition of mud flats
30%
Site connectivity 50%
Bionic bush w e t l a n d & intertidal habitat
30%
Percentage of tree canopy
20%
Reduction of toxic soil
10%
Ecological stability
10%
Human interaction Entry of the first person
People re-entry to a new Glebe Island
30%
30
Stage 1 (2021-2025)
Urban connectivity and site renewal 1
Removal of the original working port
2
Creation of the main entrance for pedestrian access to the island (metro)
3
Create motor vehicle entrance
4
Connecting broken bridges for greater urban connectivity
5
Creating a bionic wetland landscape
6
Create park entrance
5 1
6
2 3 During this phase, some of the original buildings on the site were moved. Roads and entrances within the project were created, while the main framework of the habitat and the topography were established.
4
0
10
20
40
80
1:1000 @ A3
31
Stage 1: Urban Connectivity and Site Renewal Connection and entrance
These images show the many types of road connections in the areas where people move around the project, ensuring that people can reach every space in the project through a well-developed system of connections.
Motor vehicle access road to the island
Bicycle access road to the island
0
10
20
40
80
1:1000 @ A3
Pedestrian access road to the island
32
Stage 1: Urban Connectivity and Site Renewal North entrance
1
The entrance on the north side of the project is a key entrance. Not only does it allow for greater urban connectivity via the subway to bring more visitors to the area, but it also provides motorized access to the project for residents to the north.
4 5
1
The crossing bridge provides a safe environment for pedestrians
2
4-lane driving road and crosswalk design ensures easy access
3
Rich lighting provides a safe environment
4
3 Chinese pistache - Red and yellow leaves - Withstand harsh conditions and poor quality soil
New metro station to open in 2028
2
5 - Native tree species - Exfoliated bark enriches soil fertility
Eucalyptus cinerea
33
Stage 1: Urban Connectivity and Site Renewal Parking
There are three parking lots of different sizes throughout the project, providing convenience for people to get around and at the same time making adequate preparation for a certain amount of future traffic.
1 Highly permeable paving
2 Rich lighting system
3
1
3 Green corridors
2
34
Stage 1: Urban Connectivity and Site Renewal South entrance
The southern entrance to the project is marked by a rusting anchor sculpture that reflects both the site's former industrial and marina history and the larger sculptural culture of Australia.
1
1
Celebrate the industrial history of Glebe Island and Australian ' Big Sculpture ' culture
35
Stage 1: Urban Connectivity and Site Renewal Bird habitat park entrance
The sculptures that combine industrial and bird elements reflect the former industrial history of the site, as well as the idea of a bird habitat. The sculpture also serves as a symbol of the entrance to the habitat park, which marks the inaccessibility of motor vehicles to the site for the safety of humans and birds, as well as ecological stability, and only accepts pedestrians and bicycles.
1
1
Combined bird and industrial style sculpture
36
Stage 1: Urban Connectivity and Site Renewal Creating a bionic wetland landscape
High-pressure pumps ensure that water covers the entire wetland system
Booster pumps transfer water to the island 0
10
20
40
Proposed intertidal landscape of oyster habitat intertidal area
These images reflect the topography within the habitat and the process of wetland water production.
80
1:1000 @ A3
Proposed bionic wetland
Proposed intertidal landscape of mangrove mudflats
0
10
20
40
80
1:1000 @ A3
37
6.2 Detailed Design (Stage 2)
38
Stage 2: Habitat Establishment and Edge Renewal 2025
2051
Sea-level rise Deposition of mud flats
Up by 0.5m 60%
Site connectivity
70%
Bionic bush w e t l a n d & intertidal habitat
50%
Percentage of tree canopy
40%
Reduction of toxic soil
30%
The life of a birds (bird numbers)
Dozens of Golden whistler
Ecological stability 50%
Human interaction 60%
The appearance of the first bird
Golden whistler re-entry to Glebe Island
39
Stage 2 (2025-2051)
Habitat Establishment and Edge Renewal 1
Original edge update
2
The establishment of the viewing platform
3
Establishment of water treatment units
4
Growth of dominant tree species
5
Establishment of habitat service facilities
6
2 1
4
3
5 1
6
The creation of habitat pathways
At this stage, the habitat is fully established, with ample space for birds and a range of facilities for people to use. At the same time, the original edges of the site have been altered to address sea level rise and achieve intertidal ecological stability.
0
10
20
40
80
1:1000 @ A3
40
Stage 2: Habitat Establishment and Edge Renewal Connection in the wetland habitat
Shared bike and walking trails in the habitat
0
10
20
40
80
1:1000 @ A3
Pedestrian-only trails in the habitat Reconstructed oyster habitat intertidal zone (north edge)
Reconstructed bionic wetland (golden whistler habitat)
Reconstructed intertidal zone of mangrove mudflats (south edge)
0
These images show the road system in the park as well as views of the intertidal area.
10
20
40
80
1:1000 @ A3
41
Stage 2: Habitat Establishment and Edge Renewal
Golden whistle wetland habitat and intertidal zone establishment
1
1
Oyster habitat intertidal zone (north edge)
2
Intertidal zone of mangrove mudflats (south edge)
3
Bionic wetland (golden whistler habitat)
2
3 0
5
10
20
1:500 @ A3
40
42
Stage 2: Habitat Establishment and Edge Renewal Oyster habitat intertidal zone (edge renewal)
The intertidal zone on the north side of the park is equipped with viewing and waterfront platforms of different heights for people to use, while different forms of oyster piles are established in the intertidal zone for the survival and development of oysters to achieve ecological restoration and stability of the intertidal zone.
1
6 7 2
1
Sea Viewing Platform
2
Water-friendly platform
3
Coastal walkway
4
Intertidal platform
5
Wetland trails
6
Resting platform
7
Oyster piles
4
3 5
0
2
4
8
1:200 @ A3
16
43
Stage 2: Habitat Establishment and Edge Renewal Oyster habitat intertidal zone (edge renewal)
+ 12. 00
Create lights and shades to provide a comfortable environment for people
People can observe the intertidal zone of oysters through the glass plane
Creation of oyster piles - Providing a living environment for oysters - Providing support for the edge + High Tide + Low Tide
2 Concrete
+ 7. 00
+ 6. 98
3 BM
1
+ 3. 00
Gravel Wall Kerb Habitat greenbelt
Wetland trails
Habitat greenbelt
Water-friendly platform 300
9000 6000
1
+ 8. 00
4
2
A small number of native dominant species grow at this stage
Sea Viewing Platform
100
4500
100
4300
15000
1400
Intertidal platform
Platform trail
3 Wood
100 0
4 Crushed stone
1
7000 2
4
100
1:100 @ A3
Glass
8
44
Stage 2: Habitat Establishment and Edge Renewal Mangrove mudflat intertidal zone (edge renewal) The intertidal zone on the south side of the park is equipped with a water treatment plant room and a viewing platform, where mangroves are developed in the form of mudflats deposited by water to restore and stabilize the intertidal ecology.
5 4
3
2
1
Ground intertidal platform
2
Second intertidal platform
3
Third intertidal platform
4
Waterfalls
5
Mangrove coastal path
6
Wetland trails
4 1 6 0
2
4
8
1:200 @ A3
16
45
Stage 2: Habitat Establishment and Edge Renewal Mangrove mudflat intertidal zone (edge renewal)
+ 15. 00
As the mudflats are initially formed at this stage, a small amount of mangroves appear
+ 12. 00
The water treatment unit is equipped with steps to help people enjoy the view from different heights
Creation of waterfall installations - Purification of wetland water - Accelerated intertidal mudflat formation
3
1 Concrete
2
2 Wood
3
Rising new edge responds to sea level rise
+ High Tide
1
BM
+ Low Tide
Second intertidal platform
+ 3. 00
10000 14000
Environmentally friendly plastic
+ 8. 00
+ 6. 00
Crushed stone
4
4
Ground intertidal platform
8700
Third intertidal platform
1000
5000
Mangrove coastal path
Gravel Wall 0
1
2
4
1:100 @ A3
8
46
Stage 2: Habitat Establishment and Edge Renewal Bionic wetland (golden whistler habitat)
The park's habitat is created with a 3m drop in terrain and resting areas for pedestrian use, while facilitating the planting of vegetation of different heights and levels to restore and stabilize the habitat ecology.
4 1
1
Bionic Wetland
2
Wetland trails
3
Wetland trails (pedestrian only)
4
Rest area
5
Bush lanes
3 2 5
0
2
4
8
1:200 @ A3
16
47
Stage 2: Habitat Establishment and Edge Renewal Bionic wetland (golden whistler habitat)
1
- Native vegetation accelerates ecological restoration - Provides shade and a suitable microclimate for people
- Some dominant native vegetation emerges - A small amount of vegetation reduce surface soil toxicity
2
- Creation of wetland transition zones - Ensure the safety of people - Cope with the height of the wetland water surface in different seasons + 6. 00
3
+ 5. 00
+ 4. 00
+ 4. 50
+ 4. 70
BM
+ 3. 00
Bionic Wetland 30000
4500
Bionic Wetland
1
Bush lanes
2 Eucalyptus cinerea
100
4000
100
4500
Kerb Wetland trails Kerb
3 Brachychiton acerifolius
0
Rumex crispus
1
2
4
1:100 @ A3
8
48
6.3 Detailed Design (Stage 3)
49
Stage 3: Community Establishment and Restoration Ecology 2051
2071
Sea-level rise Deposition of mud flats Site connectivity Bionic bush w e t l a n d & intertidal habitat
Up by 0.8m 70% 80%
80%
Percentage of tree canopy
60%
Reduction of toxic soil
50%
The life of a birds (bird numbers)
Hundreds of Golden whistler
Ecological stability 80%
Human interaction 80%
50
Stage 3 (2051-2071)
Community establishment and restoration ecology 1
Creating a green living area
2
Oyster habitat purifies seawater pollution
3
Mangroves reduce the toxicity of intertidal mudflats
4
Phytoremediation for soil purification
5
Redevelopment of the original factory into a new entertainment area
2
3 4
5
At this stage the human activity area has been established and the ecology within the habitat park is gradually stabilized with the joint restoration of a variety of vegetation and intertidal ecological endophytes.
1
0
10
20
40
80
1:1000 @ A3
51
Stage 3: Community Establishment and Restoration Ecology Buildings in the community and restoration ecology
Building shading and ventilation
0
10
20
40
80
1:1000 @ A3
Building orientation and views Oyster habitat intertidal zone (clean ocean)
Bionic wetland (phytoremediation)
Intertidal zone of mangrove mudflats (clean intertidal soil and water)
0
10
20
40
80
1:1000 @ A3
52
Stage 3: Community Establishment and Restoration Ecology Green residential area
The neighborhood has abundant greenery and buildings of different heights and orientations to ensure that residents can enjoy safe, healthy living with views of the park and ocean from every angle. A series of amenities are provided at the entrance of the neighborhood for residents to use.
3 2 1
Floral shop
Cafe Convenience Store
1
Convenient facilities
2
Residential buildings of different heights and orientations
3
Greenways in residential areas
53
Stage 3: Community Establishment and Restoration Ecology Social activities area
The abandoned factory was converted and developed into a new commercial center while retaining its original style, thus boosting the island's economy and attracting more people as well as facilitating the lives and entertainment of the surrounding residents.
1
Celebrated history and culture
2
Become a new social and entertainment area for the surrounding community and residents
1
2
54
Stage 3: Community Establishment and Restoration Ecology Ecological restoration and phytoremediation
1
Oyster habitat intertidal zone (clean ocean)
2
Intertidal zone of mangrove mudflats (clean intertidal soil and water)
3
Bionic wetland (phytoremediation)
1
- Plant accumulation - Plant volatilization
3
2
- Plant Degradation - Plant stabilization - Inter-root degradation
0
5
10
20
1:500 @ A3
40
55
Stage 3: Community Establishment and Restoration Ecology Oyster habitat intertidal ecology
The establishment of the oyster habitat has helped purify the seawater in the intertidal zone, leading to ecological restoration.
1
1
Oyster habitat
2
Intertidal seagrass ecology
3
Shrubs for so restoration
4
Landscape plants
5
Native plants
5 4
2
3 0
2
4
8
1:200 @ A3
16
56
Stage 3: Community Establishment and Restoration Ecology Oyster habitat intertidal ecology
oil
More people enter the site
Posidonia Oceanica - Providing a food source for oysters - Capture of anthropogenic waste such as plastic near the intertidal zone - Reservoir of Co2 and sediment to provide a nursery site for oysters
Vegetation suitable for the golden whistle begins to appear
+ High Tide + Low Tide 0
Each one needs 10cm2 of growing space
Creation of oyster piles suitable for oyster survival
Each one purifies 50L of seawater
Gills filter large amounts of seawater to obtain microorganisms as well as algae
1
2
4
1:100 @ A3
8
- Bacteria in seawater - Heavy metal elements - Sediment - Impure substances such as seaweed
57
Stage 3: Community Establishment and Restoration Ecology Mangrove mudflat intertidal ecology he establishment of mangrove mudflats helps to restore the ecology of the intertidal zone by helping to purify the water in the intertidal zone and by achieving a diversity of intertidal organisms.
4
1
1
Wetland Waterfall
2
Intertidal waterfall
3
Water purification room
4
Mangrove mudflats
3 2
0
2
4
8
1:200 @ A3
16
58
Stage 3: Community Establishment and Restoration Ecology Mangrove mudflat intertidal ecology
- Filtering of nitrates and phosphates - Leaf litter provides nutrients for invertebrates and algae - Traps beach sediments to stabilize intertidal areas
Mangroves + High Tide - Suppressing sea level rise - Shoreline stabilization + Low Tide - Provide living space for marine life - Roots purify seawater
Flow back to the wetland (waterfall) Wetland water
Clean water Soil + Organics
Nutrient water and mud flowing into the sea (waterfall) 0
1
2
4
59
1:100 @ A3
8
Stage 3: Community Establishment and Restoration Ecology Bionic wetland ecology (phytoremediation)
Multiple levels and types of vegetation are present in the park, and the ecological stability is achieved through the principle of phytoremediation to purify the soil in the site, adjust the pH level and improve the soil fertility.
4
1
Phytoremedi -ation shrubs
2
Phytoremedi -ation grass
3
2
4
1
Golden Whistle Plants
Landscape vegetation
3
1
0
2
4
8
1:200 @ A3
16
60
Stage 3: Community Establishment and Restoration Ecology Bionic wetland ecology (phytoremediation)
i s
i
Thlaspi arvense (shrub) Thlaspi caerulescens (shrub) Tagetes (shrub) Chrysopogon zizanioides (grass)
2
e
Plant uptake and assimilation of pollutants
- Degradation of heavy metal substances in soil - Balance soil acidity and alkalinity - Increase soil fertility
2
3 Plants use enzymes to degrade contaminants within plant tissues.
Plants can volatilize pollutants into the atmosphere
Jacaranda mimosifolia - Falling flowers provide fertility to the soil - Flowering has a certain appreciation value
1
Biodegradation of environmental pollutants is achieved by plant secretions released by the roots of plants.
1
Plants absorb and precipitate large amounts of toxic metals from the soil and prevent them from entering the groundwater and food chain. 0
1
2
4
1:100 @ A3
8
61
6.4 Detailed Design (Stage 4)
62
Stage 4: Realizing a stable ecology of human-bird symbiosis 2071
2121
Sea-level rise Deposition of mud flats Site connectivity Bionic bush w e t l a n d & intertidal habitat
Up by 1m 80% 100%
100%
Percentage of tree canopy
80%
Reduction of toxic soil
80%
The life of a birds (bird numbers)
Thousands of Golden whistler
Ecological stability 100%
Human interaction 100%
63
Stage 4 (2071-2121)
Realizing a stable ecology of human-bird symbiosis 1
Road lighting systems
2
Habitat pathway lighting system
3
Lighthouse
4
Park services and facilities
5
People activity area lighting system
At this stage the entire project achieves ecological stability for human-bird symbiosis, while ensuring people's activities at night and the safety of the space. The formation of a stable bird habitat and ecology within the habitat reflects the concept of sustainable development and a positive response to future climate issues.
3
4
2
1 5
5
Sustainable community and urban sustainability concepts Good health and well-being sustainable development concept A sustainable concept of quality education 0
10
20
40
80
1:1000 @ A3
64
Stage 4: Realizing a stable ecology of human-bird symbiosis People safety and lighting (main roads)
Soil decontamination - Root-protecting mulch material - Reduce soil toxicity
The rubber and highly permeable paving - Ensures the safety of pedestrians and cyclists - water collection function.
Solar road light (4.5m H x 2m W)
Solar pathway light (3m H x 1m W)
Multi-functional kerbs - Functions of separating road structures and collecting rainwater
BM + 3. 03
+ 3. 05
+ 2.99 + 3. 02
3000
+ 3. 03
+ 2.99 + 3. 00
1200 1500 300 2000 700
13000
+ 3. 02
2000 300 1500 1200 500 3000
700
0
Kerb
Green trail
Kerb
Open space in front of parking Green ribbon Green space Bike lane
Kerb
Motorway
+ 3. 05
1
Green trail
2
500 4
Kerb
1:100 @ A3
8
Bike lane Green space Green ribbon Open space in front of the building
65
Stage 4: Realizing a stable ecology of human-bird symbiosis People safety and lighting (wetland pathways)
Solar pathway light (3m H x 1m W)
wood material ensures the physical and mental safety of Landscape light visitors BM + 3. 00
+ 3. 02 + 3. 03
Guardrails (1.2m H )
+ 3. 02
+ 3. 03
+ 0. 30
8000
1600 1000
0
Kerb
Habitat green space
Habitat hardening
2500
25000
Habitat marsh wetland
1
2
4
1:100 @ A3 8
Habitat hardening
66
Stage 4: Realizing a stable ecology of human-bird symbiosis People safety and lighting (lighthouse)
Lighthouse (13m H x 5m W)
Viewing platform
Convenient facilities such as public toilets
Solar pathway light (3m H x 1m W)
+ 5. 00
Landscape light BM + 3. 00
Lighthouse platform 38000 Habitat green space
38000
15000
Habitat green space
Water control waterfall Addresses water level differences in wetlands due to seasonal and other issues 0
1
2
4
1:100 @ A3
8
67
Stage 4: Realizing a stable ecology of human-bird symbiosis People safety and lighting (bird exhibition gallery) The convention center (marina industrial style) in the Bird Habitat Park has both a series of convenient facilities and a bird exhibit that is integrated with the entire habitat park to help people, especially children, learn about birds on both a practical and theoretical basis, while also embodying the concept of education for sustainable development.
Educate visitors (children) about birds - Combine practice and knowledge with the habitat park landscape
Public restrooms
Food court Souvenir shop
The industrial style dock-like buildings reflect the history of Glebe Island
68
Stage 4: Realizing a stable ecology of human-bird symbiosis A stable ecosystem of golden whistling habitats
1 2
1
Foraging area
2
Main activity area
3
Breeding area
- Oysters - Marine microo -rganisms
- Medium sized insects - Small insects
- Intertidal fish - Shells and conch
3
0
5
10
20
1:500 @ A3
40
69
Stage 4: Realizing a stable ecology of human-bird symbiosis A stable ecosystem of golden whistling habitats (foraging area)
-Human interaction with the intertidal zone within the habitat - Up close and personal with the sea for fun and education
s
Solar pathway light (3m H x 1m W) + 3.00
+ 2.50
Ecological recovery of oyster habitats (climate change & environmental degradation sustainable development) - Seawater purification - Food chains illustrates the establishment of a stable intertidal ecology
Golden Whistle
Oysters
Microorganisms
Guardrails (1.2m H )
+ High Tide
+ 2.00
12000
+ Low Tide
16000
0
2
Stairs to the platform Water-friendly platform
4
8
1:200 @ A3
16
70
Stage 4: Realizing a stable ecology of human-bird symbiosis A stable ecosystem of golden whistling habitats (bird islands)
Ficus carica Linn. - Loosening of the soil - Provide fruit for birds - Habitat space
0
Golden Whistle
Medium sized insects
Small insects
1
2
4
1:100 @ A3
8
The different sizes of the bird islands (sustainable development goals for climate change and biodiversity) - Main space for the Golden Whistle - Abundant greenery and insects providing food - Creating a stable wetland ecosystem.
71
Stage 4: Realizing a stable ecology of human-bird symbiosis A stable ecosystem of golden whistling habitats (bird islands)
-Increasing human interaction with the intertidal zone of the beach - Provide green views of the seafront walkway
The intertidal waterfall discharges soil and fresh water into the intertidal zone, enriching the mudflats and thus providing conditions for mangrove growth
0
Intertidal fish
Shells and conch
2
4
8
1:200 @ A3
16
Organisms (fish and shells) - Mangrove mudflats for reproduction and survival Golden Whistle (sustainable development goals for climate change and biodiversity) - Annual reproduction, resulting in a stable and sustainable intertidal mudflat ecology
72
Stage 4: Realizing a stable ecology of human-bird symbiosis ‘Eyes' in the space
Eye level - 2.4m Range of vision - 180 - 200 degree
Touch level - 1 m
People in the space
Eye level - 10 m Range of vision - 270 degree 0
10
20
40
80
1:1000 @ A3
Touch level - 0. 3 m
Birds in the space
0
10
20
40
80
1:1000 @ A3
73
Stage 4: Realizing a stable ecology of human-bird symbiosis Achieving sustainable urban and community ecology
Main entrance
Entrance motor carousel
Wetland park entrance
Habitat centre
Parking & commercial area
Wetland & intertidal areas
74
Reference
Reference list
Peter V. 2014, Predictable Habitat Associations of Four Crab Species Across the Low Intertidal Landscape of a Tropical Estuary over Time, Vol. 38(20), pp. 285-285. Doi: 1 10.1007/s12237-014-9799-0 Mark D. 1997, THE ROLE OF POSITIVE INTERACTIONS IN COMMUNITIES: LESSONS FROM INTERTIDAL HABITATS, Vol. 30(11), pp. 294-308. Doi: 10.1890/0012-9658 Thompson R. 2002, Rocky intertidal communities: past environmental changes, present status and predictions for the next 25 years, Vol. 29(2), pp. 168191. Doi: 10.1017/S0376892902000115 Jenkins S. 1999, Spatial and temporal variation in settlement and recruitment of the intertidal barnacle Semibalanus balanoides (L.), Vol. 243(2), pp. 209225. Doi: 10.1016/S0022-0981(99)00121-5 Ming Y. (2019). Hundreds of dead seabirds found on several famous beaches in Sydney, Australia, accessed 18 September 2021, < https://www. epochtimes.com/gb/19/11/20/n11668494.htm>. Intertidal Zone, ' Wikiwand ', in Ocean Review. 2007, viewed on 22 September 2021, https://www.wikiwand.com/zh-sg. Shearwater Bird, ' A.B.C.', in TOWNSEND'S SHEARWATER Review. 2021, viewed on 22 September 2021, https://abcbirds.org/bird/townsends shearwater/. Christina H. 2006, The German way to greenways and habitat networks, Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol. 76(4), pp. 7-22. Doi: 10.1016/ 200409041 Dave S. (2016). 36 Hours in Sydney, Australia. Australia. accessed 22 September 2021, < https://ap01a.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/leganto/readinglist/citation/ 36302050200001731?auth=SAML>. D i n g d i n g, H . (2 0 1 9 ) . L e t t h e "urban greenway" continue to extend, China, accessed 21 September 2021, < http://www.xinhuanet.com/ comments/2019-03/27/c_1124287579.htm>. Harris B., Larson, L., & Ogletree S. 2018, Different Views from the 606: Examining the Impacts of an Urban Greenway on Crime in Chicago, Environment and behavior, Vol. 50(1), pp. 56-85. Doi: 10.1177/0013916517690197 Sustrans (2019). People, U.K. a c c e s s e d 1 8 A p r i l 2 0 2 1, < https://www.sustrans.org.uk/for professionals/infrastructure/sustrans traffic-free-routesand-greenways design-guide/sustrans-traffic-free routes-and-greenways-design-guide contents/2019-design-guidance/part 1-general-principles/3-people/> Ebirds (n.d.). Gloden Whistler, Australia, accessed 21 September 2021, < https://ebird.org/species/golwhi1>. Australia museum (2021). Gloden Whistler, Australia, accessed 23 September 2021, < https://australian.museum/learn/animals/birds/golden-whistler/>.
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