UNSW City Planning 2017 - Capstone Projects by UNSWBE

Built Environment City Planning

be.unsw.edu.au

Capstone Projects 2017

Bachelor of Planning Master of City Planning

SP O NS O R The City Futures Research Centre (CityFUTURES) is pleased to support City Shapers. CityFUTURES works closely with colleagues in the Planning Program and together we represent the leading group of urban planning research in Australia, having recently achieved the 5 star rating in Urban & Regional Planning in the 2015 National Excellence in Research for Australia assessment. The core activity for CityFUTURES is research. CityFUTURES offers a place where scholars can pursue research on aspects of urban development and change. It also focuses outwards, engaging with the wider audience beyond UNSW. Wherever possible, CityFUTURES works in partnership with the community, government and business to contribute to growing the evidence-base on the issues that impact on urban regions and how we can better manage their dynamic progress and support the wellbeing of their residents. CityFUTURES strongly focuses on the training of the next generation of urban research scholars through an active postgraduate research program. We are committed to expanding the skills and capacity of young urban researchers and to communicating the value of good research to those involved in making policies that impact on the city.

SUP P O RTER S

TA B L E OF CONTENTS

message from the dean

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message from the discipline director

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message from course convenor, bachelor of planning

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bachelor of planning final year theses

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message from course convenor, master of city planning

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master of city planning final year theses

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planning program staff

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acknowledgements

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BACH E L O R OF P LAN N I N G G RA D U AT I N G CLA S S 2017 1. Nan cy -L e ig h N o r r is 2. Rach e l Str e e te r 3. L o red a n a Sip io n e 4. G eo rgia L o u is e L e e 5. Beau R e id 6. Ji n xi ng (Iv a n ) B i 7. L u ke F e ltis 8. Z ach a r y Qu in ta l 9. L ach l a n P a u ll 10. Bryan L i 11. Z i yi (D a n n ie ) B a i 12. Karl H a r b 13. P at ric k C o p a s 14. Ni n g (Z o e ) Z h o u 15. Q i an Z h a n g 16. Ji ayin g (J a n e ) L ia n g 17. G ab r ie lle C o le m a n 18. M i a M u s ic 19. E d w i n a R o s s 20. Ch l o e M c A llis te r

M AS T E R OF P LAN N I N G G RA D U AT I N G CLA S S 2017

21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37.

K ier en Lawson S r isti P okhar el Teasheen C huah R ithy A ng Jason Liang Mar iah S aid N eala Gautam E m m a Thom pson Jag S her gill Tim othy Gr een N estor Tsam bos Mar ie B ur ge K eeley S am ways Yujun (A nna) Wang S hijie (Jack) Lin Lawr ence H uang R ober t Micallef

N o t P i ctured: J a s on A zzi Z e liha C ansiz A la n C hen K a mi C hen H a n nah Gilvear N a r e lle Gonzales R a y mond Law Ma d eleine Lloyd Z ix iang (Mar k) Ma L u k e Oste R e b e cca S io S e a n Wilson A le x P eck D o ngxiang D ing E la ine Yong J a s on H ar r ison J e s sica N oyes J ia X ie J o e lle Mattea Mar in J u n wei S u K a thr yn Weaver L ia nfeng (Lance) Qiu Ma r lene S annes Yu c hen X ia

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M E S SAGE FROM T H E DEAN U N S W BUILT E N V IRONM ENT: S H A P ING CIT Y F U T U RES Our vision is to inspire and develop the next generation of city makers and prepare them for global careers. We are proudly achieving this through initiatives designed to empower our students; to shape their learning and establish global research and learning partnerships for knowledge exchange and thought leadership. Our Faculty is working in an environment where students determine their own path to global careers. Through personalised education that is both broad and deep, students are able to navigate flexible pathways within our programs connecting world-class knowledge with leading practice to prepare them for meaningful careers. Our students have been learning from highly regarded academic planning experts and a select group of seasoned planning practitioners—all of whom combine theory, knowledge and practical skill sets in classroom pedagogy. Additionally, project-based learning experiences developed from briefs relevant to, and provided by industry, as well as the one-year

BPlan work experience program, offer students a university experience unique to our Faculty. Our research agenda is vital to cities, their built environments, and inhabitants. Research is ingrained in the Faculty’s culture through the interplay of research with education and practice. The capstone projects featured in this catalogue reflect the teaching and research nexus that the Faculty boasts as a strength in both undergraduate and postgraduate planning programs.

today’s world that also anticipate and mitigate tomorrow’s urban problems. Our imperative is to make the world a better place through a better built environment. Pr o f e s s o r H e l e n L o c h h e a d De a n , U N S W B u i l t E n v i r o n m e n t

Since 1966, the Planning Program at UNSW Built Environment has educated many of the key planners and urbanists who have shaped Australia’s cities. A top ERA ranking of 5* for Urban and Regional Planning in both 2012 and 2015, recognises the contribution of excellence in research, as well as quality education, to the success of the Planning Program and the academics who have been pivotal in contributing to an informed discourse on the development of our cities. As we work toward UNSW 2025, our Planning programs will continue to be an integral part of the Faculty. We will continue to build on our strong pedagogical foundation in evidencebased analysis, logical and lateral urban thinking, creative processes and technical rigour. UNSW Built Environment provides the platform to generate innovative solutions for

ci ty pl anni ng program

M E S SAGE FROM THE P R O GRAM D I R ECTOR CITY P L A N NING A warm congratulations to this year’s graduating planning students. I hope you enjoy this special celebration that marks the successful completion of your graduation thesis. On behalf of the planning staff and students I wish to sincerely thank Dr Peter Williams who retired earlier this year after serving the program over the past three decades, and directing the program between 20102013. We have all benefited from his open mind, generosity and collegiality over the years. I also extend appreciation to Associate Professor Simon Pinnegar, the former program director (20132017), for his continuing efforts that made the program so successful. His efforts are quantified by the UNSW Planning School being rated the country’s best according to the 2015 ERA (Excellence in Research Australia), which is also contributed by the City Futures Research Centre as a team. This year we welcome two new staff members, Dr Laura Crommelin and Dr Lawrence Troy, both who

have exceptional knowledge and research experience in the areas of statutory and environmental planning. Please join us in welcoming both young talented lecturers. This year’s thesis catalogue includes 60 thesis projects, both undergraduate and postgraduate final year students. Each topic reflects the great city in which we live and the tremendous change it is undergoing in terms of urban form, economy, society and culture. These changes are evident in growing urban populations worldwide, the massive scale of infrastructure investment in Australia and a doubling in size of planning students at UNSW. The catalogue touches on many of the challenges and opportunities of city planning, including the contemporary debate on brownfield versus greenfield development and place-based versus people based approaches, as well as addressing legacy issues on spatial disparity, housing affordability, climate change and ageing society. Another emerging issue is to better understand the impacts of urban change through interrogating ‘big data’ and developing analytical tools to forecast urban growth and value capture resulting from new planning strategies and infrastructure development. Concepts such as ‘value capture’ will therefore be pivotal criteria in infrastructure planning decision-making in the coming years.

According to new Smart Cities Plan (2016), value capture can make infrastructure more affordable, accelerate project delivery as well as speed up increases in housing supply and urban renewal. We are very proud of the work produced by this year’s students, collectively it shows a great deal of knowledge, inspiration and creativity. Your efforts will not only allow you to have successful and worthy careers in urban planning practice and development, but will enable you to tackle the many challenges facing our modern urban environments towards a liveable city. My final remark is taken from my ‘Quantitative Methods’ lecture, “Meeting each one of you is like winning a ‘Gold Lotto’ in my statistics dictionary”. Bon Voyage,

As s o c i a t e P ro f e s s o r H o o n H a n Dir e c t o r, C i t y P l a n n i n g P r o g r a m

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BACHELOR OF PLANNING FINAL YEAR THESES

C O U RSE S TATEM ENT B A C HEL OR OF CITY P L A NNING FINAL YEAR T H E SIS After three consecutive semesters of teaching this group of students, it is a pleasure to see this catalogue come to fruition and to acknowledge its place in our 51 years of archival material produced by the Planning Program. In the final year of the Bachelor of Planning degree, students design and conduct independent research on a topic they choose. Their research is then written up in the form of an undergraduate thesis of up to 20,000 words; culminating the ‘capstone’ project of their degree. This catalogue represents a snapshot of thousands of hours of research, fieldwork and writing from our graduating class. Groundwork for the thesis project begins semester one through a preparatory course that revisits the practicalities of research design, research ethics and methodology. Students develop a research proposal that sets out exactly what they plan to do in their independent research project, how they will

do it, and why it is worth doing. The range of topics is vast, reflecting both the breadth of planning as a discipline and the interests and backgrounds of the students themselves. Students have been involved with in-depth interviewing, participant observation creating and administering online surveys via social media platforms, and data and policy analysis. They have covered issues such as: sharing and disruptive economies, petfriendly apartments, NSW Railways and the Garden City Movement, universities as CBD regenerators, memorialising urban spaces after terror attacks, cabin communities, and a range of other topical planning challenges that face our cities today.

Over the last five years the students have studied intensively the forces that have shaped planning outcomes for better or worse in many different contexts and at different scales. Having spent many hours this year working closely with them, I can see that they are both ready and able to take on these challenges and make their mark on the planning profession. Dr C h ri s t i n e S t e i n me t z Co u r s e C o n v e n e r

In their final semester, each student is assigned a supervisor; full-time or sessional Planning staff, City Futures Research Centre staff, industry partners and recent BE Master of Planning graduates. Successful completion and examination of so many independent research projects within a relatively short space of time simply would not be possible without their input in supervisory and examination roles—your time is appreciated. I must also take this opportunity to thank the many other people who have assisted Bachelor of Planning students in their research endeavours this year. Literally hundreds of people have contributed directly through participation in interviews, surveys and other advisory capacities.

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ALAN CHEN — I want to co-wor k , not w or k! Exa minin g th e im pac t s of co-wo rkin g s pac es

“This thesis evaluates the role of planning in relation to the co-working space trend and its impacts on future commercial development.”

Described as being a ‘third space’ solution to address social isolation experienced by freelancers and touted as being creative workspaces that can foster innovation, the development of co-working spaces has become a global phenomenon. Commercial landowners, developers and corporations are increasingly incorporating these alternative workspaces into their business models; however, they have also been deemed a ‘disruptor’ in the office market. This thesis examines the extent to which the co-working space trend has impacted commercial real estate in Sydney

LGA, an area which has experienced significant co-working space growth in recent years. Review of literature provides an overview of co-working spaces and their use as an office model. In-depth interviews have been undertaken with professionals in the commercial real estate and property development industries to provide insight of the implications of co-working spaces. Overall, the interviews have shown mixed opinions about coworking space being a disruptor. This thesis evaluates the role of planning in relation to the co-working space trend and its impacts on future commercial development.

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YUJUN (ANNA) AWA N G — How c an pr iv at e pla nning cons ul t ant s be tter c olla bo r at e w i t h Chines e dev el oper s t o ov er c om e inte r cul t ur al ba r r ier s in the pla nning pr ocess?

“This thesis creates the opportunity to establish a neutral platform which will enable a mutual understanding between Chinese developers and private planning consultants”

As globalisation and trade liberalisation gain momentum between nations, an increasing number of international developers are investing in the Australian property market. Undoubtedly, China remains a top contributor in the residential property development market. Private planning consultants, facilitators of urban development, play a key role in assisting these Chinese developers during their application and process of obtaining residential development approvals. The success of partnerships between Chinese developers and Australian private planning consultants are often threatened by intercultural differences, such as business disparities or developers being unfamiliar with regulations and protocols. Often times, these

differences create undesirable obstacles during the development process which for planners, can be challenging to overcome. Focusing on private planning consultants and Chinese developers’ real-life experiences in Sydney, this thesis creates the opportunity to establish a neutral platform which will enable a mutual understanding between Chinese developers and Australian planning consultants. By exploring intercultural communication strategies specific to planning practice, this research aims to introduce solutions to facilitate collaborative relationships which will adequately accommodate developers’ expectations and provide appropriate residential developments for our cities.

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BEAU REID — #c itye xper ie nce: how Web 2.0 ha s c hanged pla ce pe rce pti on in t he dig ital a ge

“Perception of place is no longer solely developed through lived experience; it is developed long before travellers set foot in a new place.”

The rise in availability of consumergenerated content enabled by Web 2.0 platforms (such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Reddit) has revolutionised the travel and tourism industry. Platform users have demonstrated a preference for receiving advice about traveling to cities from locals and other travellers resulting in tailor-made experiences, unique to them. The ‘crowd factor’ influences travellers in the creation of a ‘virtual perception’ of space formed as a result of their application of this socially acquired knowledge. Perception of place is no longer solely developed through lived experience; it is developed long before travellers set foot in a new place. A concentration on the importance of

individual experiences necessitated a triangulation of qualitative research methods, including auto-ethnographic and ethnographic reflections. These reflections encouraged participants to consider their use of Web 2.0 platforms and their anticipatory attitudes towards place developed prior to travel versus their actual perceptions and experiences in that location. In-depth interviews authenticate the application of lived experiences to how places are developed and how cities are marketed using Web 2.0 platforms. Place making strategies that account for a multi-faceted perception of cities to target varying demographics will become increasingly important in the development of a digital interface between places and technology.

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B R YA N LI — Des ign gove r nance: Bette r de sig n guidanc e for lo ca l go ve r nm ent thro ug h u rba n des ign

“Local government can better use urban design to inform and formulate design guidance to promote better built environment outcomes.”

Design governance provides a framework to consider the role of the public sector in influencing and managing how the built environment is shaped when private sector design initiatives are increasingly dominant under the current neoliberal environment. Local governments, in particular, play a crucial role in influencing built environment outcomes as they are responsible for the majority of planning decisions that affect individual developments. This thesis identifies the role of urban design in design governance by exploring the design governance mechanisms and the decision-making processes of three

local governments in Sydney. The three case studies have been analysed thematically using fifteen best practice principles to identify opportunities for local government to better use urban design for design governance, particularly to provide design guidance. Drawing on the research findings, complemented by the experience and knowledge of experts in urban design and local government planning practice, this thesis provides feasible recommendations to demonstrate how local government can better use urban design to inform and formulate design guidance to promote better built environment outcomes.

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CHLOE MCALLISTER — Planning for t he de ce as ed

“This investigation queries how planners can contribute to a rethink of land-use planning or facilitate innovative policy change to implement alternative and/or adapted end-of-life provisions sustainably.”

This research aims to assess the feasibility of alternative end-of-life provisions in Sydney Metropolitan Area. Current NSW statistics indicates that 33 per cent of the population opt for burial as an end-of-life provision; this equates to over 16,000 burials per year. The remaining 67 per cent of people in NSW currently choose to be cremated. Crematoriums emit toxic pollutants which contribute significantly to long-term and often irreversible environmental impacts. This investigation queries how planners can contribute to a rethink of land-use planning or facilitate innovative policy change to implement alternative and/ or adapted end-of-life provisions, sustainably. To explore this, primary

and secondary research was collected through a review of relevant policy and literature and an online survey conducted with Sydney residents 18 years and older. Findings indicate that sustainable alternative end-oflife provisions including resomation, promession, and cryopreservation, are not likely to be implemented in Sydney Metropolitan Area in the short-term, and adaptation to burial and cremation provisions is key to reducing the current environmental impact of the funeral industry. This research concludes that for alternative sustainable end-of-life provisions to be employed, strategic planning, as well as implementing changes to existing legislation must be reinforced to support a sustainable funeral industry.

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ZIYI (DANNIE) BAI — Planning for bi ke fac ilities to e ncour age ac tive tr anspor t for hea lthy bu i l t envir onm e nts in Randwick and Waverley

“Australia has seen a declining number of commuting-to-work cyclists due to safety concerns and lack of cycling infrastructure and government planning support.”

In recent years, the growing interest in urban cycling as an alternative mode of active transport has resulted in a significant change in contemporary urban policy globally. Notably, a variety of literature argues that cycling offers a unique opportunity to tackle a host of pressing issues facing Australia. Particularly, issues regarding carbon emissions, traffic congestion and a need to focus on preventative health measures. Australia has seen a declining number of commuting-towork cyclists due to safety concerns and lack of cycling infrastructure and government planning support. A growing body of literature suggests that the success to activate cycling as a mode of transportation is related

very closely to the built environment through an appropriate suite of supportive planning measures as well as implementation of bike facilities and networks. The methodology for this thesis includes a broad review of existing literature relevant to cycling, desktop mapping of data, interviews with local councillors and an evaluation audit tool which was subsequently used to evaluate the accessibility of cycling facilities in Randwick and Waverley. The goal was to identify the challenges and opportunities associated with bike facilities to activate cycling Randwick and Waverley, in Sydney’s eastern suburbs, and wider cycling-related research in the direction of active mobility cultures and life-styles as a concept for politics and planning.

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EDWINA ROSS — The night tim e ec onom y of Kings Cr oss i n Sydne y’s glob al com pe titive ne ss

“Findings suggest Kings Cross’ NTE does play an important role in Sydney’s global competitiveness, but is not fundamental to its rank.”

Sydney’s Kings Cross entertainment precinct has a reputation for being Australia’s party and ‘red light’ capital and an important contributor to Sydney’s Night Time Economy (NTE). But preventing alcohol-fuelled violence through legislative restrictions on night-time trading has unintentionally changed the area. This legislation has sparked public debate between keeping Sydney open, and keeping partygoers safe at night. This thesis examines the current role of the Kings Cross NTE through mapping of existing businesses, a literature and policy review, and interviews with government officers, stakeholders and scholars about the changing entertainment precinct. In addition, a comparison

of various city ranking systems is used to identify the effect of the NTE on the competitiveness of Sydney. Findings suggest that the Kings Cross NTE does play an important role in Sydney’s global competitiveness, but is not fundamental to its rank. Many components make up a global city, but policy-makers see the NTE as an important contributor and strategic planning goal. The legislative changes have affected the NTE, but collaboration and law enforcement can help make the Kings Cross environment safer and more attractive. Furthermore, smart governance and planning can support a diverse and vibrant nightlife, making Kings Cross’ NTE more productive and enhancing Sydney’s global competitiveness.

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EMMA THOMPSON — Liv e (a nd r egul at e) like a loca l: Plan nin g fo r s hor t - t er m ho lida y le tting in NSW

“Short-term holiday letting has occurred for generations, mostly in the form of bed and breakfast accommodation. Now, the game has changed!”

Short-term holiday letting has occurred for generations, mostly in the form of bed and breakfast accommodation. Now, the game has changed! Airbnb is global, ubiquitous and intense in activity. The increased popularity of online platforms like Airbnb have sparked debate around the permissibility of this short-term holiday letting land use, its compatibility in urban neighbourhoods and impacts on local housing markets. This unplanned form of tourist accommodation is a growing challenge for planners and is often absent from academic literature, especially in an Australian context. The NSW Government has responded to some of the universal concerns

with this industry by commissioning a Parliamentary Inquiry to investigate the adequacy of the regulation of shortterm holiday letting and more recently publishing an Options Paper for public consultation. This thesis focuses on the growth of short-term holiday letting in Sydney, one of Australia’s largest cities. Using qualitative and quantitative analysis of Airbnb listings and land use zoning in Sydney, in-depth interviews from ten key professional experts on the topic and an analysis of current discourse and academic literature, this thesis explores the potential role of the NSW planning system in regulating short-term holiday letting, including Airbnb.

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GABRIELLE COLEMAN — Gam e on: Exp lorin g th e us e of ga mifica tion in public pa rticip atio n p r oc es s es

“More research on gamification in public participation is still required.”

In the 21st century, innovative engagement methods are required in urban planning to involve communities who are often time-poor, disinterested or uncertain about how to navigate the process. To address these common challenges, gamification – the application of game design elements in non-game contexts – has proven to make public participation approaches more engaging and interactive. In relevant literature, the majority of work on gamification in the public participation context has been undertaken internationally. From what was uncovered, no academic research has been completed on the viability of applying gamification to public participation practices in the NSW

planning context. Through analysing international and Australian literature, in-depth interviews with government and industry representatives and a series of focus groups with members of the community, it was found that gamification could be beneficial to communicate spatial information and engage young people. However, questions were raised surrounding the long-term benefits and novelty factor posing potential barriers for the success of integrating gamification in practice. This thesis contributes to the discussion from a NSW perspective but more research on gamification in public participation is still required. A key next step would involve pilot testing a game in a real public participation setting.

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GEORGIA LEE — Buy ing your f i r st hom e– is the gr ass alwa ys gr e ener ? First ho me b uy er su pp ort a nd res ident ial de ve lop men t pat t er ns in reg ion al NSW

“The prevailing broad-brush approach in addressing housing affordability… is not specific to the unique housing characteristics and issues experienced throughout regional NSW.”

Housing affordability is a significant and complex planning issue in both metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas in Australia, particularly for those purchasing their first home. Despite recent changes to first home buyer support in New South Wales (NSW), such schemes have failed to address the prevailing broad-brush approach in addressing housing affordability, which is not specific to the unique housing characteristics and issues experienced throughout regional NSW. In addition, most support mechanisms are currently only available for newly constructed homes, which largely rely on the release of greenfield land for urban development. This thesis examines the

effect of government first home buyer support mechanisms, namely the First Home Owner Grant and the Ballina Shire Land Buyers Subsidy Scheme, on patterns of residential development in Ballina Shire, located within the Northern Rivers region of NSW. Indepth interviews with Council staff, local real estate agents and recent first home buyers reveal the nature of housing demand and development in the area, the implications for long term planning and the challenges experienced by first home buyers in regional NSW. The overarching findings provide an insight as to how first home buyer support can be more effectively targeted and distributed in regional areas into the future.

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HANNAH G I LV E A R — Planning for peopl e with dogs in hi gh de ns ity Str a ta Ti t l e com ple xe s

“Many desperate renters in Sydney are forced to abandon-their beloved pets because they cannot find a petfriendly place to live.”

Australia has a long history of house and dog ownership. However, due to the changing nature of Australia’s housing market, long-term renting is now being considered as the only option as home ownership becomes less affordable and rental stock is increasing in the form of apartments. Australia has one of the highest rates of dog ownership in the world, with 39 per cent of all households owning a dog, yet many desperate renters in Sydney are forced to abandon their beloved pets because they cannot find a petfriendly place to live. Nevertheless, with a significant proportion of people choosing to live in strata schemes, it

is important that they are aware of the responsibilities, rules and regulations pertaining to their pets. The purpose of this thesis is to inspire town planners to plan for people with dogs and encourage the delivery of dog friendly housing in high density residential developments. Given the limited research available, a combination of surveys, interviews and an in-depth analysis of rental and strata housing policy will be used to gain a greater understanding of why keeping a dog is so rarely considered suitable in high density housing. The thesis concludes by providing recommendations that can be considered for future pet friendly high density residential developments.

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JINXING ( I VA N ) BI — Age ing Hea lth Car e in Rur al a nd Regi onal Aus tr alia

“Rural and regional ageing people require government health care programs and policies to help them, but due to the absence of health status information, it is difficult to realise the requirements for health care services.”

As part of the worldwide pattern of increased urbanisation, older populations have become more concentrated in urban areas. Despite of the increased urbanisation, over one-third of Australia’s ageing population live in rural and regional areas. Generally rural and regional residents suffer from poorer health care conditions and a higher level of socioeconomic disadvantage. Rural and regional ageing people require government health care programs and policies to help them, but due to the absence of health status information

in rural and regional areas, it is difficult to realise the requirements for health care services. The goal of this thesis is to research the health and living conditions of ageing populations in rural and regional Australia, state the current issues and future challenges, and find out possible solutions to provide a better life experience for ageing people. However, the research and analysis show that government should consider all factors related to the rural and regional ageing health care also working with planners, individuals, and communities trying to build an agefriendly society.

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JAGJEET SHERGILL — Mir r or, m ir r or, on t he wall: An e xa mina tion of the effe ctiven es s of he liostats to m it igat e oversha do wing im pac t s

“In 2014, the award winning One Central Park development in Sydney integrated heliostats into its architectural design to mitigate overshadowing impacts.”

For more than a century, city planners have utilised height, setback and envelope controls to maintain solar access to our valued public places. However, the rapid densification of cities complicates the implementation of natural lighting in these public places; solar availability and urban daylight become an increasingly scarce commodity as buildings become taller. In 2014, the pioneering and award winning One Central Park development in Sydney integrated heliostats into its architectural design to mitigate overshadowing impacts; this was monumental in shifting perceptions and ideologies surrounding overshadowing. Although heliostats have been widely developed within the solar thermal

energy market, their application and use within the built environment has been minimal. Consequently, this has led to a gap in existing literature, and an absence of legislation, policy and guidelines surrounding the implementation of heliostats in proposed developments and within the broader built environment. Using qualitative research techniques, this thesis investigates how heliostats can mitigate overshadowing impacts and influence the vertical threshold in cities. This thesis discusses the challenges and opportunities surrounding the successful implementation of heliostats as a 21st century design tool to ameliorate overshadowing in our increasingly densified cities.

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JASON AZZI — The s tudy of pl anni ng enfor c em e nt w i t hi n Metr opolitan Sydney

“The rising population and the subsequent demand for housing and infrastructure has led to short cuts being taken in planning and building processes.”

Despite the vast array of literature on planning and development assessment, little is known about the role and significance of the enforcement of planning controls or, ‘planning enforcement’. This research aimed to investigate the significance of planning enforcement within the context of the construction boom in Metropolitan Sydney. The rising population and the subsequent demand for housing and infrastructure has led to short cuts being taken in planning and building processes. This has, in turn, caused public safety issues. The research begins with the conceptual context of the issue and proceeds through an examination of the key players, in-depth interviews and case studies

of the enforcement policies of two local councils. The results reveal the importance of enforcement in implementing planning and building requirements, sustaining public safety and the integrity of the development and building assessment systems. They also identify the perceived (and desired) role of planners in enforcement. This study is part of a growing body of research into the recognition of planning enforcement and its role in ensuring vital planning and building standards are maintained in an ever-increasing construction climate. The conclusion summarises the important planning policy and practice issues, with a number of appropriate recommendations and suggestions for future research.

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JASON LIANG — How c an a s at el l i t e unive r sity ca m pus contr ibute to t he ur ban r egener at i on of Newc as tle’s C BD?

“This thesis explores whether a satellite university campus – the recently established University of Newcastle City Campus, can play a positive role in the urban regeneration of Newcastle’s CBD.”

For decades, planners and scholars have explored factors that have shaped the success and failures of regeneration strategies that have revived declining Central Business Districts (CBDs). Common outcomes of regeneration strategies are often the obvious: physical upgrades (e.g. street improvements and waterfront developments) or policy improvements (e.g. rezoning, city activation marketing and rate concessions for businesses). These are, however, considered short term solutions that do not always generate economically and socially stable outcomes. This thesis explores

whether a satellite university campus, the recently established University of Newcastle City Campus, can play a positive role in the urban regeneration of Newcastle’s CBD. The problem that underpins this research is the recent emergence of satellite urban university campuses driven by the local and state government to deliver urban transformation projects in the Hunter Region and Western Sydney in light of the declining manufacturing and mining industries. This thesis identifies the contributions of satellite university campuses, particularly in relation to the feasibility of achieving urban regeneration for the Newcastle CBD.

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J I AY I N G (JANE) LIANG — The r e lev ance of the ‘Sate llite Ci t y Conce pt’ to manage population gr ow t h i n Sydne y

“The satellite city concept has a long history in planning literature, and has been used as mechanism to think about how various problems of population growth can be managed.”

Housing supply and housing affordability are great concerns to policy makers in Australia due to their social and economic impacts on the Australian community. Australia does not have a formal population policy committing the country to a population target; essentially there has not been a national population distribution policy since the 1970s. The satellite city concept has been used as mechanism to think about how various problems of population growth can be managed, and it has a long history in planning

literature. Through desktop studies including literature review, case study research and in-depth interviews, this thesis evaluates and investigates the strategic initiatives devised by the Metropolitan Sydney government to explore the potential opportunities of the relevance of the ‘satellite city concept’ to manage population growth in Sydney. These research findings support the literature in that the development of a satellite city offers a significant tool to control and improve issues of population growth.

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JIAMING (KAMI) CHEN — Affor dable housi ng i n Sydne y: Fro m the pe rs pec t iv e of d evelo pe rs

“The findings revealed that from the perspective of developers, affordable housing policies in Sydney are not attractive enough to satisfy developers’ demanded profitability level. ”

This thesis investigates affordable housing in Sydney, Australia from the perspective of developers. Affordable housing effectively contributes as an imbalance of supply and demand for accommodation in addition to increasing housing prices, in which a solution to reduce negative impacts of this perceived housing crisis is highly demanded. The thesis presents the narrative about this problem from the viewpoint of developers. A literature review was undertaken to give context to the housing problems in Sydney by referring to research conducted in other regions and countries facing similar problems, as well as the possible negative impact of housing problems. The approach of in-depth interview was adopted as the main method in this thesis to uncover personal and expert opinion regarding affordable housing. The findings

revealed that from the perspective of developers, affordable housing policies in Sydney are not attractive enough to satisfy developers’ demanded profitability level. Furthermore, developers claimed that it is challenging to identify alternative construction materials in order to reduce the cost of construction. Based on the findings of this thesis, we concluded that, in order to make affordable housing program more valuable and expand the positive impact of affordable housing programs, the government needs to work more closely with developers and potentially amend affordable housing policies by offering additional bonuses for developers’ contribution and add other appealing initiatives which could make this program more attractive and effective and hence encourage developers’ participation in affordable housing practice.

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KARL HARB — It’s ge tting ho t i n he r e: Plan nin g fo r the ur ban he at islan d e ff ec t in Western Syd ne y

“The urban heat island effect has direct implications for liveability, productivity and sustainability”

Urban heat islands are undoubtedly a growing problem; not only for major cities across Australia, but also for urban fringe areas such as Western Sydney—an area that has experienced recent suburban expansion coupled with record temperatures. The urban heat island effect has direct implications for liveability, productivity and sustainability due to the potential impact on human health, infrastructure services and habitation in the built environment. The conversion of what was once vast green landscapes to master planned suburbia, characterised by plains of concrete and buildings, has resulted in an increase in the already worsening problem of urban heat. This thesis analyses the key interventions available to planners

through a statutory planning, strategic spatial planning and planning policy context and how these interventions can be implemented more effectively and efficiently within the NSW planning process. This thesis presents best practice processes, policies and procedures for planners to positively effect urban heat in Western Sydney. The study is informed by interviews with key industry professionals and academics, as well as quantitative analysis of existing and projected data. Recommendations include a collaborative top-down approach stemming from the creation of effective planning policy, re-thinking the current approaches to strategic planning, and ultimately the implementation of key design measures through a statutory planning framework.

bachel or of pl anni ng

KEELEY S A M W AY S — Public m our n i ng: Memo rialising t er r or atta cks in urb an s pac e

“Does the uncertainty and unpredictability of terror attack affect the ways that people respond to their memorialisation?”

Contemporary society is currently bearing witness to high levels of terrorism, prompting many to label today ‘the age of terror’. This rise in the rate of terror attacks has come with the desire to urgently and publicly commemorate these events in a way that is sensitive to peoples’ experiences whilst also remembering the event, particularly in cases where there is loss of life. Traditionally, memorials and monuments have been used as mnemonic devices to remember important people, places, and events, linking memories to the urban landscapes in which they are placed. But does memorialising terror attacks impact the ways in which people use

urban space? Does the uncertainty and unpredictability of a terror attack affect the ways that people respond to their memorialisation? This thesis adopts qualitative research methods, including a literature review and three case studies, to explore whether terror attack memorials impact experiences of urban space, and if so, how these experiences are displayed. Key themes from the case studies are compared with findings from literature to provide a thematic analysis, which discusses the impact of terror attack memorials on experiences of urban space at three scales – their cultural significance, social impact, and impact on individual experiences.

bachel or of pl anni ng

KIEREN L AW S O N — Tr anspor t use i n Sydne y’s plan ni ng and de ve lopm ent i ndust r y

“A conceivable ethical dilemma is emerging as to whether the use of transport by Sydney’s planning and development industry reflects the ethos of sustainable mobility.”

Contemporary planning thought resolves that a city’s capability to meet strategic planning objectives on competitiveness, productivity, liveability and sustainability may be restricted by widespread private vehicle use and an imbalance between transit modes. Sydney’s congestion is predominantly an outcome of mass private vehicle use and antecedent underinvestment in transport alternatives. Recent government spending on transport infrastructure responds to this dilemma in an attempt to move away from car dependence towards sustainable mobility practices. This thesis investigates the conceivable ethical dilemma of whether or not the use of transport by Sydney’s planning and development industry reflects the

ethos of sustainable mobility. An online questionnaire was used to survey 170 members of the industry, collecting data relating to the accessibility of transport, use of transport and perceptions on congestion and sustainable mobility. Whilst all participants had a relatively similar sentiment towards public, private and active transport options, an individual’s transport use tended to differ in consequence with the availability of transport incentives, workplace location and age of participants. Outcomes of this research raise awareness of the sustainable mobility agenda in planning practice and demonstrate an inquiry into the use of private vehicles and workplace transport incentives amongst Sydney’s planning and development industry.

bachel or of pl anni ng

LACHLAN PA U L L — The r oad les s tr av elle d: Exp lorin g th e gender imba lan ce of cy c ling in Syd ne y

“Proceeding with a gender blind approach to cycling policy and strategy in Sydney will continue to marginalise women.”

Only one in five commuter cyclists in Greater Sydney are female. Gender can give insight into the quality of a cycling environment, with women often described as an ‘indicator species’. Arguably, Sydney’s current cycling environment reflects a lack of consideration of gender. Utilising a feminist framework developed through examining planning literature from a range of preeminent authors, this thesis aims to examine the current gender imbalance of cycling in Sydney and considers possible planning interventions to rectify this imbalance. This thesis presents the outcomes of in-depth interviews with key informants from government, cycling advocacy groups and the private sector. These

interviews identified an awareness of specific barriers to female cycling participation yet highlighted the frustration of trying to effect change. There is an underlying willingness in the profession to do more which is often curtailed by impediments both within government and between levels of government, as influenced by political agendas and media crusades. The lens of gender, despite presenting an opportunity, often gets lost in the wider discourse around cycling. This thesis contributes to the debate on gender equality of cities, with a specific focus on cycling, and argues that proceeding with a gender blind approach to cycling policy in Sydney will continue to marginalise women.

bachel or of pl anni ng

L AW R E N C E HUANG — You’r e ne ve r t oo ol d t o pla y: An e va lua tion of se nio rs’ pla yg r ounds in Metro po litan Sy dney

“An increase in the number of seniors’ playgrounds not only gives older adults an avenue for self-improvement and social interaction, but also contributes to making Sydney an agefriendly city.”

Where planned appropriately, the built environment can positively affect human wellbeing and engage its inhabitants by supporting physical and social activity. While this is important for all community members to combat rising rates of chronic disease, for older adults, it is a priority. This thesis examines seniors’ playgrounds as one environment that can encourage physical activity to promote active ageing of Australians. This research comprised analysis of existing literature, observations of seniors’ playgrounds in Metropolitan Sydney and interviews with academic researchers and practitioners. The findings revealed

that the mere provision of specialised equipment does not guarantee use by older adults. Siting of the facility, accessibility and co-location of amenities, are all important in ensuring that seniors’ playgrounds are wellused. Ongoing educational and activity programs are also critical in generating interest and encouraging sustained usage. Further, a multidisciplinary approach involving both built environment and health professionals is critical to success. An increase in the number of seniors’ playgrounds not only gives older adults an avenue for selfimprovement and social interaction, but also contributes to making Sydney an age-friendly city.

bachel or of pl anni ng

LOREDANA SIPIONE — Would y ou live i n the pa st? Can our built he r itage sol ve Sydne y’s hou si ng shor ta ge ?

“The adaptive reuse of heritage buildings is no new phenomenon; it simply extends the lifespan of heritage buildings to allow for their reuse.”

Sydney is under prepared for the future growth of the city. A failure to supply housing over the last two decades has seen an increase in housing unaffordability in Sydney. Underutilised historical buildings and sites are scattered across Sydney on valuable inner-city brownfield and greyfield sites susceptible to deterioration and threatened by demolition and redevelopment. The adaptive reuse of heritage buildings is no new phenomenon; it simply extends the lifespan of heritage buildings to allow for their reuse. This

thesis studies how these valuable and historic buildings can be adaptively reused to provide housing. International literature and best practice was studied alongside national literature and policy to determine how adaptive reuse is currently being used as part of urban renewal projects. Additionally, six Sydney based case studies were reviewed, two of which were critically analysed through conducting in-depth interviews with professionals who worked on the projects. The findings form recommendations that could guide the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings as part of future urban renewal projects.

bachel or of pl anni ng

LUKE F E LT I S — Car e to s ha r e? Plan nin g fo r ur ban co ho using in S y dney

“If we are pursuing a city of housing choice, there is merit in exploring innovative multi-unit housing models.”

Current Sydney metropolitan planning policy prioritises accelerated housing supply to create a city of housing choice with homes that meet the needs and lifestyles of a growing population. This plan assumes a reliance on private speculative housing provision. However, speculative multi-unit development designed to meet standardised apartment design controls seldom offers opportunities for households to influence the design and function of their own dwelling. Therefore, pursuant to a city of housing choice, there is merit in exploring new provision structures and innovative multi-unit housing models that empower residents to design their homes based on their ownership aspirations

and immediate lifestyle needs. This thesis focuses on an alternate urban housing model known as cohousing. Using in-depth interviews with key housing development stakeholders and an analysis of policy and academic literature, this thesis explores if urban cohousing is a viable housing model for Sydney based on the current opportunities or impediments within the NSW Planning system. This research finds that despite a strategic emphasis on consolidated dwelling supply and housing choice, urban cohousing development is vulnerable to current statutory apartment design controls. Accordingly, recommendations have been made to embed this flexible housing model within the NSW Planning system.

bachel or of pl anni ng

LUKE OSTE — Fr e e-r a nge com m unities : Cab in living in Sy dney ’s Royal Na tion al Par k

“The spontaneous formation of these communities, devoid of external procedure, demonstrates a model of individual design, siting and progress.”

Nestled within the world’s second oldest National Park is a unified collection of cabins that have survived the test of time to thrive independently, sustainably, and harmoniously. The cabin communities of Little Garie, Era, and Burning Palms formed organically in the early 20th century and continue to function today. Through personal and professional story-telling, this thesis examines the characteristics and value of the cabin communities. History is explored to contextualise their present existence; management is examined from an external and internal perspective; and future prospects of the communities is considered. The character of these unique communities is informed by stories from those who reside in them and by external professionals.

These distinctive communities offer a multitude of practical and theoretical lessons for planners. The spontaneous formation of these communities, devoid of external procedure, demonstrates a model of individual design, siting and progress. Sustainability in the co-dependence of cabin owners, and the creation of land care groups and lifesaving clubs provide an example of internally managed and protected community. The historical and cultural bonds that have been formed for over a century with the landscape, the cabins, and fellow cabin-owners despite adversity and uncertainty illustrates a healthiness and resilience that reveals the value and significance of the community.

bachel or of pl anni ng

MADELEINE LLOYD — Phnom Pe nh i s not Cam bodia: How u rba n p lanning c an he lp p reserve c ult ur e an d id en tity e x pr es s ed thro ug h a rch itec t ur e

“New Khmer Architecture combined Western ideas with traditional forms and local conditions, to create an architecture movement that expressed Cambodian culture and embodied Cambodian identity.”

After gaining independence from France in 1953, a nationalist fever spread throughout Cambodia. A new and entirely indigenous school of thought emerged to reconstruct the country. This school of thought created a new style of architecture dubbed ‘New Khmer Architecture’ (1953-1970). New Khmer Architecture combined Western ideas with traditional forms and local conditions, to create an architecture movement that expressed Cambodian culture and embodied Cambodian identity. However, this movement was cut short due to internal conflict, war, genocide, and Vietnamese occupation. What remains of the movement is

currently under threat due to rapid urbanisation and unfettered new construction projects in a city, that is, without a plan. Through a series of indepth interviews with urban designers and architects living and working in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, this thesis provides an informed response as to how Cambodian culture and identity is being lost through the demolition of New Khmer Architecture buildings and the development of ‘cookie cutter constructions’. This thesis is valuable for urban planners as it addresses how urban planning can assist in the preservation of culture and identity of a people expressed through architecture.

bachel or of pl anni ng

MARIAH SAID — ‘The Villa ge s’: Australia ’s ho us ing so lutio n fo r the ageing po pu latio n?

“Commonly referred to as the ‘Disneyland for Adults’, The Villages promote independent senior living and active lifestyles.”

Baby boomers, all 5.6 million of them who live in Australia, are moving into retirement. Undoubtedly, the baby boomers represent a new type of pensioner; one who is in a relatively better position in terms of health, finances, education and longevity, than previous generations. They are redefining what it means to be retired, and, as a result, reshaping the housing model for seniors. This research examines The Villages, the largest and oldest master-planned retirement community in Florida, USA, as a potential housing solution for Australia’s ageing population. The retirement village offers opportunities to live, work and play within a senior-oriented

development. Commonly referred to as the ‘Disneyland for Adults’, The Villages promote independent senior living and active lifestyles. Interviews were undertaken with residents of The Villages highlighting its positive attributes and identifying how it could be a successful precedent for potential retirement village development in Australia. Participant observation was also undertaken on site to gather firsthand experience of the day to day operations of the community. This thesis provides an analysis of The Villages and results in recommendations for an appropriate housing model for Australia’s increasing ageing population.

bachel or of pl anni ng

MARIE BURGE — The Ce ntr a l Bal anced Distr ic t? A ca se stu dy on t he effo rts to ba lanc e land uses in g lob al Sy dney ’s CBD

“These growing residential development trends have introduced the potential threat that may stunt commercial growth and economic resiliency on a global scale.”

The city of Sydney and its metropolitan area prides itself of being known as Australia’s prime ‘Global City’. The Central Business District within Central Sydney alone generates over 8 per cent of the nation’s annual GDP with many national and international finance and banking companies and legal and accounting services establishing their regional headquarters in the city. The Central Sydney area is also known to be one of the most liveable places in the world; attracting international investment in new residential development projects within Central Sydney and fringe suburbs. However, these growing development trends have introduced a potential threat that may stunt commercial growth and economic

resiliency on a global scale. This thesis uses the catalyst of growing residential development in the CBD to analyse the importance of the CBD and its influence on Sydney as Australia’s only global city. Through a series of in-depth interviews comparing perspectives from government, business, academia and community experts and by conducting an analysis of literature and policy on the changing role and importance of a CBD, the study provides concluding remarks and recommendations as to what strategic decision makers can do to maintain a city’s prominence on a global scale and how planning intervention can successfully influence the sustainable growth of Sydney’s economy and residential population.

bachel or of pl anni ng

XIXIANG (MARK) MA — Augm ented r eal i t y and ga m ifica tion: Pote ntia l for p ublic en ga ge men t in ur ban pla nn ing

“In mid-year of 2016, an emerging mobile application influenced urban dwellers to take to their streets and explore new neighbourhoods and public spaces.”

In mid-year of 2016, an emerging mobile application influenced urban dwellers to take to their streets and explore new neighbourhoods and public spaces. This mobile phone game called Pokémon Go, quickly established itself to be one of the most popular games across the world since its release, creating innovative ways for communication, navigation of urban spaces and making new social connections. Behind the application, a driving force contributing to its popularity is the technology known as augmented reality (AR); an innovative technology with gaming features that has brought unprecedented changes in the way people interact with their city and place. Following this AR trend, as planning

professionals are closely involved with the city development and community engagement, this thesis investigates the opportunities and challenges introduced by augmented reality technologies and how urban planners might be able to use similar technology to consult and engage with the public. Based on an extensive and robust literature review on public participation, gamification and AR technology; descriptive analysis and multiple interviews targeted on Pokémon Go players, the relationship between urban planning and AR technology is closely analysed. This thesis intends to serve as a tool for planners and planning governments to understand the capabilities and potentials in utilising augmented reality technology.

bachel or of pl anni ng

MIA MUSIC — How doe s high desi gn quality addr e ss t he public inte r es t ? An e xp lora tion of archite ctu ral d es ign co mpe tition s i n Parra matta

“Mandatory design competitions are elevating design quality, and in turn allowing for greater consideration of the public interest.”

The competitiveness of cities within a global context is becoming more significant as a means to maintain strong economic growth and foster dynamic, innovative and engaging environments for people and businesses. A key constituent in achieving global competitiveness for cities is the provision of high quality architectural and urban design. Increasingly, governments in Metropolitan Sydney are using mandatory design competitions as a tool for delivering improvements in architectural and urban design quality. Whilst the key objective of these design competitions is to ensure buildings achieve high quality design, there is an equally important need

for design competitions to serve the public interest. This thesis focuses on how the public interest is being addressed through the competitive design process in Parramatta. Here, all major developments in the CBD and identified urban renewal areas must be subject to an architectural design competition prior to being granted planning approval. The thesis reports the findings of case studies of projects completed under these provisions, as well as stakeholder interviews. The findings indicate that the mandatory undertaking of design competitions in Parramatta has assisted in elevating design quality, and in turn has allowed for greater consideration of the public interest in major new developments.

bachel or of pl anni ng

N A N C Y- L E I G H NORRIS — ‘Ar e we the r e yet ?’ Roa db locks fac ed by Syd ne y Co un c ils when pla nn ing stra tegic ally with child ren

“Engagement with children for strategic planning is rare and often tokenistic despite children being affected by long term planning decisions.”

The involvement of children in town planning processes has increased in recent years as children are being recognised as active citizens with ‘rights’ in their built environment. However, the extent of their engagement is often limited to short term projects such as park design. Engagement with children for strategic planning is rare and often tokenistic despite children being affected by long term planning decisions. The extent that councils in Sydney have engaged with children in the development of their Community Strategic Plan has been investigated. A desktop review was conducted revealing that only 11 out of 33 investigated councils engaged with children. In-depth interviews

were conducted with four Sydney councils and an academic in the field to determine the barriers and problems faced when engaging with children for strategic planning purposes. Despite enthusiasm for engaging with children, council officers were held back by bureaucracy, resourcing, access to children and the ability to incorporate children’s ideas into final plans. An evolutionary approach is needed, where small changes over time are encouraged to refine methods and change misconceptions so effective engagement occurs in the future. Recommendations to local and state governments and universities have been provided in accordance with this evolutionary approach.

bachel or of pl anni ng

NARELLE GONZALES — How to fac ilit at e na vigation for t he vis ion im pa ir ed: A ca se stu dy of a un ive rsity ca m pus

“Navigation is an initial obstacle a vision impaired university student encounters in becoming accustomed to a university campus.”

Navigation in unfamiliar and large spaces is highly challenging for the visually impaired. This is an initial obstacle a vision impaired university student encounters in becoming accustomed to a university campus. The University of New South Wales (UNSW) is highlighted as the focus area of this thesis which aims to establish how the main campus facilitates navigation for the vision impaired and how it can be improved. An investigation of the existing vision impairment provisions and policies currently adopted by UNSW was conducted through a literature review, site analysis and in-depth interviews with UNSW staff. Moreover, the perception of vision impaired students

and staff towards navigation within the campus were also obtained through in-depth interviews. Emerging wayfinding technologies for the vision impaired were also reviewed. It was revealed that certain parts of campus were difficult to navigate due to its size, the number of stairs and time of day. Additionally, while visual aids are evident throughout the campus, such aids only conform to regulations which are not sufficient or vastly utilised. This thesis concludes that a more accessible, safer and navigable campus for the vision impaired can be achieved through increasing the provision of visual aids, implementing wayfinding technologies and actively involving students and staff through initial design consultation.

bachel or of pl anni ng

NEALA G A U TA M — Sha r ed ur ban i sm : Wha t ha pp en s when a g lob al p he no m enon moves ne xt d oor ? AirBnb

“STHL has expanded beyond tourist locations into neighbourhoods that have traditionally housed only longterm residents, blurring the boundary of urban tourist and suburban resident.”

Short Term Holiday Letting (STHL) is an established activity for coastal towns that rely on tourism. In such areas, STHL is perceived by residents as part of their living environment. However, the emergence of the sharing economy has created a new platform for STHL through online websites, as opposed to real estate agents. STHL has expanded beyond tourist locations into neighbourhoods that have traditionally housed only longterm residents, blurring the boundary of urban tourist and suburban resident. Growing concern and complaints about this trend prompted the NSW Parliamentary Committee public inquiry into STHL. A review of existing policy and literature revealed a gap in

assessment, namely whether STHL in neighbourhoods can impact residential character. Addressing a gap in knowledge about SHTL, this research examines the impacts of STHL on the character of residential neighbourhoods in Leichhardt, Sydney. Through a combination of surveys, interviews and GIS mapping, the research revealed a consensus from industry professionals that there is a need for closer monitoring of STHL, but a lack of agreement about the impacts it can have on residential neighbourhoods. Survey results indicate that STHL can have a moderate impact on residential character. The thesis concludes by recommending policy interventions that can mitigate the impacts of STHL on local areas.

bachel or of pl anni ng

NESTOR TSAMBOS — Exa m ining the use of wr itten subm issi ons in a ss es sing m aj or pr ojec t de ve lopm ent applic ations

“This thesis evaluates the effectiveness and utility of written submissions in NSW, concluding that currently, the mechanism fails to achieve appropriate or desired outcomes for government and communities.”

A requirement for public comment on major development applications has existed in NSW since the introduction of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979. Beyond the requirements within the Act, there is little guidance provided to communities about how best to use these opportunities, or how their submissions will be considered. With complex mining, energy and infrastructure projects now regularly receiving submissions in the thousands, and many actors expressing criticism of the current NSW public participation regime, a detailed examination of how the submissions mechanism is operating and whether it is achieving positive public participation outcomes is overdue.

Policy review and quantitative analysis of current major projects has been supplemented with a set of interviews to explore in detail how this mechanism is being used and experienced by government, engagement specialists and community representatives. This thesis evaluates the effectiveness and utility of written submissions in NSW, concluding that currently, the mechanism fails to achieve appropriate or desired outcomes for government and communities. It proposes practical recommendations to improve participation in the assessment of major projects, and attempts to bridge the gap between best practice participation and the realities of governance and planning in a complex and political society.

bachel or of pl anni ng

NING (ZOE) ZHOU — How c an the sm al l block pla nning conc ept be ap pl i ed i n Che ngdu, China

“This thesis calls on planners to create smaller, open and mixed land-use neighborhoods, and most importantly assist in determining China’s urban fabric in the future.”

The superblock is a common development model in contemporary urban planning in China. However, this model has led to numerous urban problems, such as high automobile dependency, unwalkable communities and pollution. In recent years, the Chinese central government has promulgated a new standard that not only requires open, mixed use and walkable communities but also attempts to open existing gated superblocks. The transformation from the superblock to the small block has become a priority on many local government agendas. This thesis aims to demonstrate the disadvantages of the superblock and explore the potential benefits of the

transformation from the superblock to the small block in China. The research examines existing literature on the topic, explores a case study example in Barcelona, and uses a survey questionnaire to explore the attitudes of Chengdu urban planners towards this transformation. The goal is to apply the small block planning concept in the Music Fun region, Chengdu. This thesis could potentially influence policymakers, planners and architects to understand some unique Chinese urban problems. It also calls on planners to create smaller, open and mixed land-use neighborhoods, and most importantly assist in determining China’s urban fabric in the future.

bachel or of pl anni ng

PAT R I C K C O PA S — Jobs and gr ow t h: Th e NSWGR a nd t he ga rde n city mo v em ent

“…the proposed suburbs were a culmination of the NSWGR’s efforts to improve the wellbeing and productivity of its workforce…”

By 1920, the New South Wales Government Railways (NSWGR) was the largest single employer within Australia, operating a cumulative network of more than 8,169 kilometres across the State. To provide for its workers, the NSWGR sought to develop five suburbs in the garden city style, located adjacent to several key regional workshops. Within two years, however, only one suburb had been partially constructed, and no more were ever planned. This thesis explores the reasons behind the NSWGR’s decisions to firstly invest in building garden city style housing for its workers, and secondly to abandon this plan within two years of its creation.

An amalgamation of quantitative and qualitative research methods is used to examine the complex history of the organisation throughout its first eighty years of operation. Archival research provides insights into the fettered history of the NSWGR’s garden suburbs, whilst a quantitative analysis of the organisation’s financial records suggests a correlation between increasing debts and the decision to abandon the plan. The proposed suburbs were a culmination of the NSWGR’s efforts to improve the wellbeing and productivity of its workforce, in line with the prevalent theory of welfarism, but were ultimately undermined by the organisation’s constrained finances.

bachel or of pl anni ng

SRISTI POKHAREL — Car e er pathways of ur ban pla nner s: A retro sp ective int o how the role s o f pl anner s ha ve evolved

“With the rise of diverse and unique challenges facing cities today, the role of the traditional planner has transformed.”

The planning profession in Australia continues to evolve and with the rise of diverse and unique challenges facing cities today, the role of the traditional planner has transformed. A review of literature has identified that planners possess a growing variety of skills and responsibilities. However, despite the recognition of the dynamic nature of the profession, there is limited information on what the employment trends and required skills are for Australian planners today. This thesis uses a quantitative approach to explore the employment patterns of University of New South Wales planning graduates from three separate cohorts over the

past five years. By exploring this case study, this thesis aims to investigate the extent to which the planning degree has prepared graduates for the workplace. The findings indicate that majority of graduates are satisfied with the degree, however a closer review of data shows that satisfaction levels are decreasing every year. Drawing on the research findings, recommendations are made to planning curriculum which focus on incorporating a wider range of transferable skills. The thesis concludes by reinforcing the evolving nature of the planning profession and highlighting the importance of understanding what the changing roles and responsibilities of planners are in society.

bachel or of pl anni ng

QIAN ZHANG — Air bnb a s a shar i ng ec onom y pla t f or m t o build s oc ial t r ust

“Results from the survey support the literature in that most of the Airbnb platform builds a strong sense of trust between guests and hosts.”

Airbnb as an online sharing economy platform has become prominent in cities around the world for travellers and short-term stay visitors. However, there are emerging concerns with Airbnb properties and interactions with wider communities that challenge the status quo of a sharing economy and its potential impacts. The concept of social trust between owners and tenants is an important feature of how Airbnb operates, but does not extend to the communities in which they are embedded. This research explores how Airbnb can address social trust within the wider community. The research is based on two online surveys of Airbnb guests and hosts in capital cities in

Australia. Although results from the survey support the literature in that most of the Airbnb platform builds a strong sense of trust between guests and hosts, there was concern of negative influences in relation to the wider community such as crimes, noise levels, congestion, pressure on shared facilities, reduce the permanent rental housing supply, threat to neighbours’ hygiene and security, and competition for parking. This thesis argues that existing policies in relation to Airbnb and short-term letting do not adequately address these concerns and there is a need for governments regulations to facilitate the social trust among owners, tenants and neighbours in the community.

bachel or of pl anni ng

RACHEL STREETER — Fr om conflic t t o cr i si s; of the housin g ki nd

“Within Australia, most refugees are settled in urban areas, including in Sydney, a city in a ‘housing affordability crisis’.”

Globally, there were 22.5 million refugees in 2016 and this number continues to increase at an unprecedented rate. Yet internal pressures undermine the capacity of nations to expand their humanitarian programs. Within Australia, most refugees are settled in urban areas, including Sydney, a city in a ‘housing affordability crisis.’ To examine the ways and extent to which refugee settlement in Sydney is impacted by this current state of housing (un)affordability, Fairfield City was chosen as a case study. The housing experiences of refugees in Fairfield were examined through in-depth

interviews with representatives from housing organisations and Council. Complemented by a review of local and international literature and policy, interviews with a selection of academics specialising in refugee resettlement, urban policy and housing research revealed the ways in which housing affordability disproportionately impacts on the settlement patterns and experiences of refugees. Formulated in response to the settlement challenges encountered by refugees, a series of policy recommendations will emphasise the link between refugee settlement outcomes and Sydney’s broader socioeconomic and spatial environment.

bachel or of pl anni ng

R AY M O N D L AW — Hea lthy Planni ng A pro gre ssive m ov em ent in th e City of S y dney be twee n 2 00 4 – 2017

“Statistics reveal an increased prevalence of overweight and obese individuals throughout the nation, fostering greater concern about the ‘new urban epidemic’.”

The Australian population is currently experiencing an unprecedented level of chronic diseases. Statistics reveal an increased prevalence of overweight and obese individuals throughout the nation, fostering greater concern about the “new urban epidemic”. The social determinants associated with unhealthy communities extend beyond the physical and mental state of the nation. Consequently, the Australian Government consistently experiences record levels of expenditure to alleviate impacts associated with the burden of chronic diseases. Research evidence supports the interrelationship between the built environment and population health. However, it can be questioned whether the development of modern environments provide sufficient avenues to encourage healthy

behaviour within cities. This study considers the progressive movement of healthy planning within the City of Sydney Council and its integration of health-related principles within planning policy and legislation from 2004 to 2017. A case study investigates specific modifications within council documents to mitigate worsening levels of population health. A variety of research methods, including statistical analysis, in-depth interviews and a policy analysis, examine locality specific measures employed in promoting physical and social engagement within the urban environment. Findings explore the requirement of healthy planning protocols at a local level of governance whilst considering the relative challenges associated with its implementation within policy and legislation.

bachel or of pl anni ng

REBECCA SIO — New hom e s a nd new live s: Hou sin g cha llenges facing recen tly r es et t led refu ge es in Sydney

“Often facing financial hardship, limited knowledge of local regulations and lack of social and community capital, refugees are vulnerable to existing urban challenges.”

In response to recent humanitarian crises arising from global conflicts in Syria and Iraq, the Australian Government has made available 12,000 extra humanitarian places for refugees seeking asylum and a new home. Most refugees will settle in the Sydney metropolitan area, presenting a unique challenge for policymakers to address their housing needs. Successful resettlement into a new country is contingent on access to suitable and affordable housing soon after arrival. Often facing financial hardship, limited knowledge of local regulations and lack of social and community capital, refugees are vulnerable to existing urban challenges.

This research project examines the key housing challenges of recently arrived refugees in Sydney and to what extent these issues can be addressed through urban planning policy. Quantitative and spatial analysis of demographic and housing data identifies suburban pressure points where existing housing is unsuitable or restricted. A review of existing planning policy and academic research identifies potential strategies and actions to address housing challenges. The thesis concludes with insights gained from policymakers and settlement service professionals regarding the capacity of urban planning policy to contribute to successful resettlement outcomes.

bachel or of pl anni ng

RITHY ANG — Sec onda r y dw el l i ngs: A pro sp ective mitiga tion for Wes t er n Syd ne y’s h ou s ing affo rda bility cr is is

“Sydney’s housing affordability crisis has become a topical issue for many Australians, especially for the unemployed or low-income households.”

Sydney’s housing affordability crisis has become a topical issue for many Australians, especially for unemployed or low-income households across both the owner-occupied and private rental sectors. In the face of this problem, the Australian government is under immense pressure to provide alternative means of affordable housing options to meet the needs of these vulnerable groups. Since 2009, secondary dwellings (referred to as ‘granny flats’ or ‘accessory dwelling units’), have been implemented by the NSW Affordable Rental Housing State Environmental Planning Policy as a means of improving housing

affordability. This thesis aims to assess the effectiveness of the delivery of secondary dwellings in Western Sydney with direct focus on Blacktown Local Government Area as a case study. This study is informed through an extensive literature review, gathering of online data, in-depth interviews with council officers and surveys targeted towards both primary and secondary residents. By identifying the constraints, opportunities and attitudes towards SD’s as a market-based affordable housing option, the conclusions and results drawn from this thesis hope to provide guidance to local council to ensure housing affordability and residential amenity objectives are met.

bachel or of pl anni ng

ROBERT MICALLEF — Public tr a ns por t f or pe ople with vi sual im pa ir m ents

“Regulation of tactile surfaces and universal design mechanisms has provided the visually impaired with independence and confidence to conquer barriers.”

Perceptions of public places, including transport hubs, are unique and people with visual impairments rely on the harmonisation of building design and policy to perceive and navigate public space. When public transport services are accessible, the journeys of the visually impaired become increasingly mobile and free and literature suggests that technological advances will greatly assist in making journeys of the visually impaired easier. Although technology can enhance the public transport trips for the visually impaired, traditional design features, including tactile surfaces and braille, are essential for mental mapping and wayfinding of transit hubs for those who do not have

access to technology. The regulation of tactile surfaces and universal design mechanisms has provided the visually impaired with independence and confidence to conquer barriers. Indepth interviews conducted with people with vision impairments have found that although there are regulated provisions for access, these standards address vision impairments as a whole rather than the specific types. The thesis scrutinises the procedure and reports provided for the State Significant Infrastructure project, the CBD South East Light Rail, and will provide recommendations to ensure that future transport projects generate beneficial results and accessible services for the visually impaired.

bachel or of pl anni ng

SEAN WILSON — Using s tr ee t ar t t o r ev italis e dea d publ i c spac es

100

“Rather than demolishing structures because they encourage dead public spaces, greater consideration should be given towards using street art to revitalise them.”

In an evolving city where land redevelopment is pressing congruently with a buildings lifecycle, many buildings reach a stage where a wall or façade becomes either visually unattractive, obsolete or in major disrepair, and so, demands restoration. Rather than demolishing structures because they encourage dead public spaces, greater consideration should be given towards using street art to revitalise them. It is widely acknowledged that there is a nexus between street art and crime prevention, such as deterring graffiti, or activating public spaces in a way that minimises opportunities for criminal activity. However, only a few councils implement street art initiatives, and many of these rely on the predisposition that street art

provides safer environments without substantial empirical evidence to fortify this viewpoint. The City of Sydney Council has recently recommended changes to its Local Environmental Plan following a review into its public art clauses. Such changes would enable residents to commission street art on private property without council consent, thereby providing a clear mechanism for murals and other forms of street art to revitalise dead public spaces without the need for bureaucratic involvement which might scupper such opportunities. Primarily through qualitative research methods, this thesis ascertains contemporary challenges that local government faces in implementing strategies that enable the delivery of street art to revitalise dead public spaces.

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SHIJIE (JACK) LIN — Cha llenge s fo r Ci t y Planning Chinese stude nts : Tran sfe rring k nowledge to th eir h ome c ount r y

102

“Due to differences between the two planning systems, Chinese students often find it challenging during their transition to transfer planning knowledge into their new work place context in China.”

According to census data, Chinese students make up 27 per cent of the total international students studying in Australia. The City Planning Program at the University of New South Wales, Sydney has the longest-running City Planning course in Australia; fifty years. As UNSW receives a large intake of international students from China each year and is a popular city destination for planning education, it is important for faculty to understand the employment outcomes and conditions of the students who return home for work after graduation. Due to differences in the two planning systems, Chinese students often find it challenging during their transition to transfer planning

knowledge into their new work place context in China. By focusing on student’s real-life experiences and undertaking an in-depth study of the two planning systems, this thesis identifies the challenges faced during a student’s transition process and explores the differences in planning approaches and decision-making processes. Combining students’ response and study results, this research aims to establish a novel support system for the university to implement, enabling Chinese students to transfer their planning knowledge between countries, while creating their own values to improve and perfect the Chinese planning systems with their unique planning knowledge.

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TEASHEEN CHUAH — The s ha r ed us e of sc hool ope n s paces and fa cilitie s f or public us e a nd r ec r ea tion

104

“Sydney, experiencing incredible pressures from population growth and urban consolidation… is now investigating shared uses to alleviate infrastructure demand.”

The concept of sharing school spaces between communities and public users has been practised in various forms in cities globally and domestically. Over the past two decades, there has been a growth of predominantly U.S. academic literature exploring this ‘emerging’ field. Yet only recently have Australian policy makers released frameworks of a similar dialogue encouraging shared use. For Sydney, experiencing incredible pressures from population growth and urban consolidation, the NSW government is now investigating shared uses to alleviate social infrastructure demand. This thesis explores how planning can facilitate the shared use of school open spaces and facilities

for public use and recreation in Sydney, and applies findings toward the Sydenham to Bankstown Urban Renewal Corridor. This is achieved through a review of existing literature, NSW government policy and case studies. In-depth interviews with government and education staff provide insight and perspective towards the benefits and challenges of shared use implementation. While the benefits of shared use are universally acknowledged, prominent challenges are: fears of liability and safety; difficulty in constructing partnership agreements; and lack of understanding of stakeholder needs. The study builds upon limited domestic and international research on shared use implementation and effectiveness.

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TIM GREEN — The r a ce to now her e: How wo rld city aspira tion s a re affe ctin g p hys ic al pla ce lessn ess in t he Syd ne y CBD

106

“… it’s difficult to stop long enough to look around and count the cost of our pursuit of world city recognition…”

Placelessness has been a growing field of urban research over the past four decades. Similarly, a large volume of discourse on globalisation has been produced over the past three decades. There is, however, very little work that assesses or analyses the relationship between the two global phenomena. This thesis connects the two research areas by examining how the City of Sydney’s aspirations to become a world city may be affecting its susceptibility to placelessness in the Sydney CBD. This research has triangulated data and information from discourse analysis, photographs, five semi-structured

interviews and photo elicitation. It was found that simply equating globalisation with placelessness is unhelpfully reductionist but that globalisation can present risks for urban decision-makers. Rather than dichotomising places as ‘place-ful’ or ‘placeless’, this research adopts a nuanced understanding of place and placelessness to understand global Sydney in light of the ‘distinctly local’. The insights gathered from all methods developed a robust range of recommendations that could prove useful to urban planners in Sydney seeking to better understand and prevent placelessness in cities.

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TUONG-VI DOAN — Should CPTED inc lude public ar t ? A per s pe ctiv e f r om Liv er pool CBD

108

“Quality public art, once associated with the local character, can create a sense of safety for people using civic spaces.”

This thesis examines the significance of public art in civic spaces and explores how the placement of public art can be used as a deterrent for crime in the suburb of Liverpool. The Liverpool Local Government (LGA) area has been associated with the stigma of an ‘unsafe’ image of the south-west. However, for many locals, the City of Liverpool is identified as a place rich with heritage and is a major cultural and arts precinct. Through secondary data, the connection between planning, public art and crime is established. Utilising international, national and local case studies, a stronger link between these aspects are further explored.

The overarching understanding between these relationships are further obtained from in-depth interviews with key stakeholders. Findings establish that quality public art once associated with the local character can create a sense of safety for people using civic spaces. This suggests that public art could be used as a social approach to contribute to crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). With further investigations, public art could be considered as a new pathway to achieve the CPTED principles within the Liverpool LGA. Findings could help to eradicate the stigma of the southwest by advocating the local culture of Liverpool.

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ZACHARY Q U I N TA L — Planning for spor t s pa ce s i n the Canter buryBanks town LGA

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“There is growing evidence, however, that with Sydney’s growing population, there simply are not enough sport spaces to meet demand.”

Sport promotes inclusion, builds camaraderie and provides significant physical and mental health benefits. Participation rates for organised sport and forms of active recreation are continually increasing in Australia, and with this comes an increased need for spaces for these activities to occur. It is well-known that the availability and accessibility of sport and recreation facilities is a key determinant in sport participation rates. There is growing evidence, however, that with Sydney’s growing population, there simply are not enough sport spaces to meet demand, especially in areas of the city undergoing increases in

population density. This thesis uses the Canterbury-Bankstown LGA as a case study to assess the accessibility, availability and quality of sport spaces, their effects on sport participation rates and the role of planning in facilitating the provision or new or improved sport spaces. A survey was conducted with residents of the Canterbury-Bankstown LGA, and qualitative interviews were undertaken with experts. The research findings highlight deficiencies in current sport spaces in the LGA, identifies areas of particular concern, and makes a series of recommendations on how improvements could be facilitated through planning policy and practice.

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ZELIHA CANSIZ — ‘Whe r e’s the Dunny?’ : To wha t exten t do NSW local g overn ment s pla n fo r the pr ov is ion of p ub lic to ilets wit h refe ren ce to w om en in Western Syd ne y ?

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“The research argues that the public toilets provided by local government authorities do not meet the needs of women.”

Needing to go to the toilet is a basic human right. However, over two billion people world-wide lack public toilet provision, 1.8 million of which are females. In Australia, the legislative context for the provision of public toilets is an issue. Under the NSW Local Government Act council authorities are not legally required to provide public toilets. This study explores the provision of public toilets within metropolitan Sydney with a focus on women from Liverpool. The research argues that the public toilets provided by local government authorities do not meet the needs of women. Existing literature indicated

a gap in toilet provision, particularly for women from low-socio economic areas. Audits and interviews conducted with built environment professionals and women from Liverpool revealed a serious lack of public toilet planning and provision. Recommendations for Liverpool City Council to consider in elevating the importance of public toilet provision through suitable strategic directions, such as the implementation of public toilet strategies, are provided. In addition, this thesis contributes to debates on public facilities, management and provision needed to contribute to inclusive and healthy cities.

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MASTER OF CITY PLANNING FINAL YEAR THESES

COURSE STAT EM ENT M AST ER OF CIT Y PL ANNING F INAL YEAR T HESIS One of the final courses that UNSW Master of City Planning students complete in their degree is a Planning Thesis. This course involves them designing, conducting and writing up a substantial piece of applied research on a topic of their choice. Every year, hundreds of in-depth interviews and surveys are completed, reams of quantitative data are collected and analyzed, and huge numbers of academic articles, books, policy documents and websites are scoured for relevant information. This year a total of twelve students completed the Planning Thesis course. Coming from a wide range of backgrounds and prior academic pathways, it is perhaps unsurprising that their topics are similarly diverse in nature: they range from age segregation in Oslo, to women’s perceptions of safety in Sydney, urban mobility in Chengdu, the tackling of social exclusion through public transport investment, and walkability and wayfinding for the visually impaired.

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Collectively, the theses tell us much about the backgrounds and interests of our students, as well as the challenges and opportunities that our cities face. While most students understandably begin the Planning Thesis course with some trepidation, they usually finish it with a tremendous sense of achievement and a highly sophisticated understanding of their topic. The students and I would like to extend our sincere thanks to the numerous people who contributed to the Planning Thesis course this year. Nine different people supervised and examined research theses by Master of City Planning students in 2017. Most of these supervisors were staff from the Planning Program and City Futures Research Centre, but some were practitioners and part-time lecturers. Thanks also to the many people who participated in Master of City Planning thesis research this year – including the hundreds of survey participants from China and Norway! The contribution of these research supervisors and participants is invaluable, and we are most grateful to you all for your time. Finally, it gives me the greatest pleasure to present the work of the 2017 Master of City Planning graduands, and to wish them all the very best for their future careers. Dr G et hi n Davi son Cour s e Conv ener

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ALEX PECK — Inc lus ion thr o ugh div ision? A stu dy of Sydney ’s en cla ve s

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“With migration continuing to affect the physical and socio-cultural landscape of Australian cities, it is essential that planners are aware of the effects that their interventions can have on the clustering of ethnic and cultural groups.”

Migrant populations are a defining feature in the stories of most cities and many of Sydney’s suburbs can today be identified with a dominant ethnic or cultural group. Amid concerns around increasing social polarisation and inequality, many writers and jurisdictions have discouraged the formation of these ethnic or cultural “enclaves”. Others, however, have argued that the clustering of ethnic or cultural groups can be hugely beneficial – both socio-culturally and economically. This thesis involves a case study of the suburb of Harris Park, Western Sydney, which has developed a strong association with Indian food and culture in recent years. Through

qualitative interviews with residents, businesses, local planners and councillors, the rise of Harris Park as “Sydney’s Little India” is investigated. The factors that have contributed to the clustering of Indian residents and businesses are examined, and the advantages and disadvantages of that clustering are discussed. The thesis finishes by considering what role planners can and should have in the creation and preservation of ethnic or cultural enclaves. With migration continuing to affect the physical and socio-cultural landscape of Australian cities, it is essential that planners are aware of the effects that their interventions can have on the clustering of ethnic and cultural groups.

master of ci ty pl anni ng

DONGXIANG DING — The r e lations hi p be twee n tr a ns i t de ve lopm ent and ge ntr ific ation: a case stud y o f To ng zh ou Distr ic t , Beijin g

120

“the development of new transit nodes can stimulate and advance gentrification by attracting property investment, increasing property prices and improving the economic performance of nearby commercial areas.”

The process of gentrification involves the displacement of low-income groups from an area and their replacement with higher income groups. In recent decades, gentrification has become a global trend, and it is now reshaping Chinese cities. As well as its well-documented negative displacement effects, gentrification can contribute positively to local economic development. This study aimed to analyse the contribution of transit development to the gentrification of local areas in Beijing, and to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the gentrification process. In other geographic contexts, the development of transit has been identified by

scholars as a key factor driving or accelerating gentrification. In this study, the impacts of gentrification transit development were examined in relation to the housing market, local community and population changes. A survey and interviews were conducted with residents of Tongzhou District, where a new transit node was recently developed. The results indicate that the development of new transit nodes can stimulate and advance gentrification by attracting property investment, increasing property prices and improving the economic performance of nearby commercial areas. Further research is recommended to track the gentrification process, and its effects, in other areas of Chinese cities.

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ELAINE YONG — An inve stigat i on i nt o the de m olition of he r itage build i ngs and fea tur e s in New Sout h Wa les

122

“the loss of heritage buildings and features is an ongoing problem in NSW and around Australia, and greater support for their protection is needed from both government and the community.”

The protection of heritage buildings and features has long been a concern for governments and planners in New South Wales (NSW), with legislation existing to protect individually listed heritage items. While this legislation has generally been successful in preventing the loss of listed heritage items, it does not protect the numerous buildings and features that are not formally listed as heritage items. This thesis looks at the extent to which the

loss of heritage buildings and features is a concern in NSW, and examines the factors that can lead to their loss. Interviews were conducted with a range of professionals working in the heritage planning industry. The research findings reveal a sense that the loss of heritage buildings and features is an ongoing problem in NSW and around Australia, and that greater support for their protection is needed from both government and the community.

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JASON HARRISON — Wa lka bility an d way finding for t he vis ua lly im pai r ed: a case stud y o f t he Cit y of Sydn ey

124

“With almost one in five Australians living with a disability, there is a risk that many of these people will feel excluded and be unable to access areas of our cities.”

Planners acknowledge that walkability is at the heart of a liveable city. Nevertheless, a walkable city is not necessarily liveable for all, particularly as research and practice in planning and urban design primarily focuses on people without disabilities. With almost one in five Australians living with a disability, there is a risk that many of these people will feel excluded and be unable to access areas of our cities. This thesis examines the barriers within the urban environment of the City of Sydney, for people with a visual impairment. The thesis quantifies,

through means of a detailed access audit, the barriers within a 400m catchment area of Wynyard Station, located in the heart of the Central Business District. The audit highlights those design features that have been implemented to aid people with a visual impairment in walking around the city. The study finds that the City of Sydney still has work to do in meeting the objectives of making the City accessible for all, as required under the Disability Inclusion Act 2014 (NSW) and the City’s Inclusion (Disability) Action Plan 2014-17.

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JESSICA NOYES — Towar ds inclu si ve infr a str uctur e

126

“Identifying the opportunity presented by a recent surge in public transport investment, this thesis considers how we can leverage transport infrastructure to address social exclusion.”

Addressing socio-spatial polarisation is a key challenge for planners in Sydney today. Identifying the opportunity presented by a recent surge in public transport investment, this thesis considers how we can leverage transport infrastructure to address social exclusion. It finds that the relationship between transport and exclusion is complex and requires an integrated policy response. Examining Parramatta Light Rail (PLR) as a case study, the research uses socio-spatial mapping of the Greater Parramatta area to identify key areas and groups at risk of exclusion. It finds that, in its current form, the PLR will improve accessibility primarily for people in the relatively advantaged areas northwest

of Parramatta Central Business District. Without complementary policies to support inclusion, the project may accelerate the exclusionary processes of displacement. Drawing on interviews undertaken with transport and social planning experts, the thesis then outlines an approach to developing inclusive infrastructure that comprises hard and soft elements. Priorities identified encompass transport, landuse and procurement interventions, seeking to increase social gains wherever possible. Critically, the priorities for inclusive infrastructure developed in this thesis are not specific to the PLR project, they may be developed and applied to other projects in the future.

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JIA XIE — Eva lua ting the i m pact of r ide-s ha r ing on tr av el behav iour, ur ban m obilit y and susta ina ble tr anspor t : a case stud y o f Che ng du , Chin a

128

“The recent development of ‘ridesharing’ has the potential to improve urban mobility while simultaneously reducing vehicle emissions.”

Transportation has emerged as a key concern for urban planners in the 21st Century, as the problems associated with growth in traffic congestion, carbon emissions and air pollution have worsened. In this respect, the recent development of ‘ride-sharing’ has the potential to improve urban mobility while simultaneously reducing vehicle emissions. Ride-sharing is an application of the “sharing economy” in the transportation sector. It allows people with similar itineraries to share trips. In recent years, ride-sharing has gained popularity in China’s major cities and its market has expanded

dramatically. This thesis examines the ride-sharing industry in Chengdu, China, and evaluates its impacts on travel behaviour, urban mobility and travel sustainability. An online survey was conducted with 310 Chengdu residents. The results of the survey indicate that ride-sharing in Chengdu is increasingly popular, and that its convenience and widespread availability have improved urban mobility considerably in recent years. However, the overall impacts of ridesharing on travel sustainability and vehicle emissions remain unclear, and require further investigation.

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JOELLE M AT T E A MARIN — Activ e s pa ce s: Wha t do es the ideal active sp ace lo ok lik e for fe male se nior s ?

130

“With Australia’s population now ageing rapidly, there is a growing need for active spaces that meet the needs and preferences of seniors.”

Active spaces such as parks and community centres, where individuals and groups can exercise and play sports, are crucial in enabling people to maintain a healthy lifestyle. With Australia’s population now ageing rapidly, there is a growing need for active spaces that meet the needs and preferences of seniors. Despite this, many active spaces in our cities continue to unintentionally and indirectly discriminate against senior citizens, by limiting their ability to use them. Through a case study of Leichhardt Park, Sydney, this thesis examines the contribution that active spaces can make to the health and well-being of female seniors, evaluates

the ways in which different spaces are used, and identifies the needs and preferences that female seniors have in terms of being able to access and use active spaces. An intercept survey was conducted with 30 female seniors using Leichhardt Park. The survey findings reveal the reasons that people use the park for their exercise and sports, highlights shortcomings in the active spaces currently in place, and identifies a series of measures that could potentially increase visitations and use by female seniors. The thesis concludes by calling for a greater awareness among planners and designers of the ways in which active spaces can serve the needs and preferences of seniors.

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JUNWEI SU — Per c eptions o f saf et y am ong inte r nat i onal stude nts in A ust r al i a: a case stud y o f King sfo rd, Sydney

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“Traffic conditions, poor lighting and a lack of passive surveillance are key factors that generate safety concerns among international students.”

There is evidence that large numbers of international students feel unsafe in Australian cities, and it is well known that planning and environmental design can influence levels of actual and perceived safety. The focus of this thesis was on perceptions of safety among international students in Kingsford, Sydney, and on the opportunities for safety conditions to be improved through planning and design intervention. A survey was conducted with 67 international students. They were asked to rate levels of safety in

Kingsford, to explain their views, and to suggest opportunities for safety conditions to be improved. The survey findings reveal that traffic conditions, poor lighting and a lack of passive surveillance are key factors that generated safety concerns among participants. The thesis concludes by reflecting on the survey findings in the context of the existing literature on Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED), and by outlining a series of practical interventions aimed at improving safety for international students.

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K AT H RY N W E AV E R — Wa lking with Wom en: A Fe male Review of Safe ty a nd CPTED in Syd ne y

134

“Research has shown that women are particularly sensitive to physical cues in the built environment, and will often forgo independent use of certain areas due to safety concerns.”

An actual and perceived level of safety is vitally important in making public spaces accessible to members of the public, but experiences and perceptions of safety can and do differ considerably between groups. Notably, research has shown that women are particularly sensitive to physical cues in the built environment, and will often forgo independent use of certain areas due to safety concerns. Recognising this, the purpose of this research was to examine women’s perceptions of safety in Sydney’s Central Business District (CBD), and to critically evaluate existing approaches to ‘Crime

Prevention Through Environmental Design’ (CPTED) policy and practice in NSW. Through interviews with expert stakeholders, a focus group and safety audit, the research identified areas and issues of concern for women, and discussed the opportunities for those to be more effectively addressed through planning and design. Overall, the research aims to inform built environment professionals of recent developments in CPTED design theory, and calls for a more holistic approach to designing the built environment, with greater emphasis placed on women’s perceptions of safety.

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LIANFENG (LANCE) QIU — Inc r em e nta l Ur ban Renewa l and t he Sydne y Me tr opol i t an Str ate gy

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“The focus of this thesis is on smallscale and incremental urban renewal, and on the ways in which planning controls can support well-designed urban intensification around transit nodes.”

Metropolitan planning across Australia supports a move towards a more compact city, but home renovation and low-density ‘Knockdown Rebuild’ continue to make up a large share of development activity in Australian cities. Recognising this, the focus of this thesis is on small-scale and incremental urban renewal, and on the ways in which planning controls can support well-designed urban intensification around transit nodes. Through a case study of Chatswood, Sydney, the thesis looks at how changes in planning controls could be used to encourage,

over time, the higher-density renewal of residential areas not in conservation areas or the Central Business District. Interviews and an in-depth analysis of Development Application data reveals that most development activity in Chatswood in recent years has involved low-density home renovations or Knockdown Rebuild, rather than medium or higher density development. Finding that the factors influencing these development trends are complex and sometimes emotional, the thesis makes the case for policy making to be more sensitive to development context.

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MARLENE SANNES — A s tudy of ag e se gr e ga tion in O sl o, Nor wa y

138

“This thesis examines age segregation in Oslo, Norway, a city which is known to have high levels of ethnic and socio-economic segregation.”

Segregation is a key area of concern in geographical, social and political research, with numerous studies having explored ethnic and socio-economic segregation in cities across the world. This thesis contributes to this literature by examining age segregation in Oslo, Norway, a city which is known to have high levels of ethnic and socioeconomic segregation. Through an online questionnaire and the analysis of Norwegian Census data, the research investigates the levels of age segregation in the city, and the potential

consequences for residents. The research findings suggest that Oslo is not highly segregated by age. However, patterns in the study’s data indicate that age segregation may increase in the future. Even though the city does not exhibit high levels of age segregation currently, certain age groups tend to settle in the same boroughs: there are higher proportions of young adults in central boroughs, and more elderly people in outer boroughs. The thesis concludes by considering the role of planning in fostering a socially mixed population.

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YUCHEN XIA — The im pac ts o f ur banisa tion on young pe ople in China: ho w do es the built en viro nme nt a ff ec t he alth an d we llbeing?

140

“The built environment has an important influence on the health and well-being of young people in China, with proximity to public open space being a key factor.”

While the rapid development and urbanisation of China in recent decades has delivered major economic benefits, the effects of these changes on people’s health and well-being remain largely unknown. Research demonstrates that the built environment plays a significant role in supporting health and wellbeing. Focussing on young people in China, this thesis examines people’s satisfaction with their built environment, and identifies opportunities for those environments to better support well-being. The results of an on-line questionnaire (n=941) provide an insight into the range of factors that influence the health and well-being of young people

in Chinese cities today, with a focus on features of the built environment. The questionnaire focussed on young people’s: satisfaction with their living circumstances; life pace and rhythm; social interactions and relationships; and overall quality of life. The results indicate that the built environment has an important influence on the health and well-being of young people in China, with proximity to public open space being a key factor. Overall, the research improves our understanding of young people’s living demands and preferences in terms of the built environment in China, and makes a series of recommendations for desirable changes.

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CI TY P LAN N I N G ACAD E M I C S TAFF

Associate Professor HOON HAN

Discipline Director

Associate Professor SIMON PINNEGAR

Senior Lecturer

DR GETHIN DAVISON

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Professor

SUSAN THOMPSON

Senior Lecturer

DR NANCY MARSHALL

Lecturer

DR LAURA CROMMELIN

Professor

ROBERT FREESTONE

Senior Lecturer

DR CHRISTINE STEINMETZ

Lecturer

DR LAURENCE TROY

A CKNO W LE D G E M E N T S Planning Program Team

Other Built Environment Staff and

Associate Professor Hoon Han

Industry Professionals Contributing to the UNSW Planning Program in 2017

BPLAN Thesis Project Coordinator and Abstract Editor Dr Christine Steinmetz MPLAN Thesis Project Coordinator and Abstract Editor Dr Gethin Davison Sponsored by City Futures Research Centre Catalogue Designer Homa Rahmat

Kevin Alker Carlos Bartesaghi Koc Michael Bishop Amit Choudhury Lucy Cole-Edelstein Jim Colman Di Griffiths Matt Hurst Matt Kelly Simone Zarpelon Leao Sydney Ma Sarath Mataraarachchi Steve McMahon Graham Nelmes Hal Pawson Chris Pettit Bill Randolph Michael Rowe Richard Shepherd Ian Sinclair Alison Taylor Dave Turner Danny Wiggins Peter Williams Sharon Veale Sherry Xiong Alison Ziller

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