Death & Regeneration by UNSWBE

Death & Regeneration

How do we bring life into the landscape of death? Chris Liu z5184533

I would like to acknowledge the Gadigal and the Wangal of Eora Nation, the Traditional Custodians of the lands we live in and study in for this studio. I would like to pay my respect to the Elders past, present and emerging.

CURRENT LANDSCAPE OF DEATH HIGH EMISSION & TOXIC Cemeteries are also one of the most toxic landscapes in modern cities (Russell-Clarke 2019). There’s a huge amount of carbon emission in the process of cremation and the long-term cemeteries maintenance, as well as the intensive use of resources such as granite, woods. Not to mention the amount of toxins such as mercury that got released during cremation and the long term burial.(A Will for the Woods n.d.).

An average cremation requires 40 litres of petrol, enough to drive from Sydney to Port Macqaurie. Older cremators consume even twice that. (Department of Environment and Energy 2011)

160 kg of carbon dioxide is emitted on the day of a cremation (Sydney Morning Herald 2008) . About 360,000 tons annually, equivalent of driving to the sun and back five times.

For long-term impacts, traditional burial generally has a 10% higher environmental impact than cremation, as it is a more labour and resource-intensive process

An average 4 hectare cemetery holds enough embalming fluid to fill a small swimming pool. They could leak and contaminate our soil and waterways.

- Russell-Clarke, J 2019 Rethinking the Landscape of Death, Foreground, accessed on https://www.foreground.com.au/ agriculture-environment/urban-burial-cemetery-landscapes/ - A Will for the Woods n.d. Green Burial and the Funeral Industry, accessed on http://www.awillforthewoods.com/resources#what-is-green-burial

Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

CURRENT LANDSCAPE OF DEATH NEARLY EXHAUSTED AVAILABILITY With some of largest cemeteries in Sydney projected to close in 3 years while all of other currently operational cemeteries expected to close to new burials in 10-12 years (Department of Planning, Industry and Environment 2020). More than 160,000 people died in Australia in 2020 and the number of people aged over 85 has increased by 133% over the last 20 years. While natural burial has become a greener alternative, most service providers in Sydney have faced the difficulties of acquiring lands which limits the interment option to suburban and regional areas. Macquarie Park Cemetery

Field of Mars Cemetery

Manly Cemetery

Gore Hills Cemetery

Sydney Harbour South Head Cemetery

SITE Rookwood Cemetery

KEY OPEN CEMETERY

• •

Department of Planning, Industry and Environment 2020, Report on the Statutory Review of the Cemeteries and Crematoria Act 2013 entitled ‘The 11th Hour - Solving Sydney’s Cemetery Crisis’, The Parliament of NSW, accessed on https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/la/papers/Pages/tabled-paper-details.aspx?pk=79204 Gorman, A 2021 ‘Burial ground zero: the crisis facing Sydney’s cemeteries’, The Guardian,4 April 2021, https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/apr/04/burial-ground-zero-the-crisis-facing-sydneys-cemeteries

St Judes Cemetery

Waverly Cemetery

Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

CURRENT LANDSCAPE OF DEATH EXCLUSIVE TO THE DEAD In the 19th and early 20th century, urban dwellers flopped to rural cemeteries for picnic and other leisure activities due to its public parklike quality before large public park existed. Cemeteries landscapes nowadays are now mostly only used by the death, or for the death related business. ‘Culturally and socially and physically, people are being pushed further and further away from death’ (Dr Hannah Gould, president of the Australian Death Studies Society 2021)

St. Luke Ancient Cemetery 1957. (Image: St. Luke Historic Church and Museum)

Rookwood Cemetery 2021 (image: GoAustralia/Alamy)

Gorman, A 2021 ‘Burial ground zero: the crisis facing Sydney’s cemeteries’, The Guardian,4 April 2021, https://www.theguardian. com/australia-news/2021/apr/04/burial-ground-zero-the-crisis-facing-sydneys-cemeteries

Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

CURRENT LANDSCAPE OF DEATH NOT WILDLIFE FRIENDLY Intensively maintained lawn is the dominant landscape in cemeteries in Sydney which generally lack of habitat complexity. There are potentials for urban cemeteries to become an important part of the Sydney Green Grids and wildlife habitats by transforming the aesthetic to a more wildlife-friendly and habitats-rich complex.

Waverley Cemetery, Sydney (image: Google Image)

Rookwood Cemetery, Sydney (image: Google Image)

Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

CURRENT LANDSCAPE OF DEATH THE TUNNEL VISION There has been responses from the cemetery industry in Australia to the issue: switching to renewable tenure and shortening tenure, increasing burial densities and decreasing plot sizes, acquiring new cemetery space and renewing the existing ones. However they are still within the constraints of the traditional cemetery model which makes these moves not sustainable in the long run. We need to explore new forms of interment to solve the root problems. If the industry doesn’t act quickly and holistically, the gruesome death scene and sanitary issue in the 19th century of the old Sydney burial ground might happen again.

Devonshire St Cemetery 1901. (Image: Ethel Foster from the collections of State Library of NSW)

Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

THE SITE LOCATION

a eB

o st

n h o

lle Roze

Bay

Bl tle

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Ba Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

THE SITE HISTORY OF DEATH The colony’s first public abattoir Glebe Island Abattoirs was once located on site which supplied meat to Sydney between 1860-1915. It was linked to Pyrmont and the city by the old Glebe Island Bridge.

‘In 1882, 524,415 sheep, 69,991 cattle, 31,269 pigs and 8,348 calves were slaughtered there.’

Approximate location of the previous Glebe Island Abattoirs

To Pyrmont and city Glebe Abattoirs 1870s. (image: Pyrmont History Group https://pyrmonthistory.net.au/glebe-island)

The first Glebe Island Bridge 1870s. (image: Charles Percy Pickering from the collections of State Library of NSW)

Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

FUNDAMENTAL ASSETS STRONG ECONOMIC BASE Sydney Superyacht Marina went through a $30millions worth of development in 2016 to expand and upgrade both land and water structures. According to Ports and Waterway minister Joe Tripodi, one average 35m long super yacht injects minimum $2 million of running cost into Sydney’s economy each year. On the flip side, it can lead to the lack of inclusivity and become a place only services the affluent.

Sydney Superyacht (Image: Scott Carver)

KEY MARINA https://www.superyachttimes.com/yacht-news/infrastructure-development-for-superyacht-marinas-in-sydney

Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

FUNDAMENTAL ASSETS EXISTING MATURE TREES There are existing trees species that are from the local ecological communities (Sandstone Slope Forest and Woodland community) such as casuarina spp. and eucalyptus spp. They are mostly in good condition and mature stage which indicates soil depth and quality potentials.

KEY EXISTING MATURE TREES

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FUNDAMENTAL ASSETS VULNERABLE BATS Two vulnerable bat species have been sighted within the close proximity of the site: Southern Myotis (Myotis macropus) and Grey Headed Flying Fox (Pteropus poliocephalus). Particularly, souther myotis has been reported roosting under the jetties in Rozelle Bay and surrounding area (Gonsalves & Law 2017).

Grey Headed Flying Fox (image: Google Image)

Southern Myotis (image: Google Image)

KEY SIGHT RECORD BY BIONET Gonsalves, L & Law, B 2017, ‘Distribution and key foraging habitat of the Large-footed Myotis 'Myotis macropus' in the highly modified Port Jackson estuary, Sydney, Australia: An overlooked, but vulnerable bat’, Australian zoologist, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 629–642.

Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

FUNDAMENTAL ASSETS WATER & MICRO CLIMATE The water body is more shallow and calm compared with White Bay and Glebe Island which present potentials for inter tidal habitats and more interactive experience. There is pleasant summer breeze coming from the water. The existing built form allows great solar access to the site.

+ 12m + 5m + 12m

+ 10m

+ 8m + 4m+ 6m + 7m

+ 6m + 6m + 6m +4m + 5m + 3m + 2m

KEY DOMINANT WIND (JAN TO MARCH, OCT TO NOV)

+ 6m

+ 8m

+ 7m

+ 6m

+5m +4m + 3m

+ 3m

DOMINANT WIND (APRIL TO SEPT)

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FUNDAMENTAL ASSETS EXITING BUILDINGS AND AMENITIES The site represent lots of opportunities to reuse existing buildings, amenities and surfaces with minimal modification and cost at early stage. Existing structures have the potentials to reveal great unique site characters. • • • • • •

Buildings with toilets and kitchenettes in good conditions. Concrete surface in good conditions. Indoor and outdoor car park. Pontoons, moorings, poles and related marina structures Barges, and other marine construction structures Sheds, shipping containers

KEY BUILDINGS SHEDS AND CONTAINERS

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FUNDAMENTAL ASSETS THE UNDERGROUND CANAL There is a canal underground between the White Bay Power House Station and the site which was built in 1912 and used to draw water from Rozelle Bay to cool down the turbines of the power station.

White Bay Power Station

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Glebe Foreshore

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SITE CONSTRAINTS TERRITORIALITY Currently, workers from the marina, cement truck drivers and other staff are the dominant users/’owners’ of the site. There is no public activities seen around entrances. From a CPTED perspective, this has formed a sense of territoriality which lacks inclusivity in a public space.

Site

Glebe Foreshore Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

SITE CONSTRAINTS CONTAMINATION Prior to the reclamation, the site was once a swampy foreshore with mangroves and inter tidal vegetation. Soil under the fill materials has been identified as potential Acid Sulfate Soil. If it’s disturbed and exposed to oxygen, it releases aluminium and iron, attacks soil minerals, damages buildings and structures. The heavy metal can be washed away by rainfalls into the surrounding environment (NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment 2021) The site is mostly contaminated with: • Heavy metal • TPH/VOC • PAHs: Polycylic aromatric hydrocarbon • Asbestos • Solvent • TBT (a biocide) • Herbicides • PCBs (industrial products or chemicals.) • OCPs (organochlorine pesticides)

Leveling Fills: Unknown compact materials, usually mixed with industrial waste.

Potential Acid Sulfate Soil identified under the fill materials.

Sand Fills (dredged up from other portions of the harbour)

Water: high level of dissolved oxygen; total nitrogen; total phosphorus; enterococci; chlorophyll-a; total suspended solids(TSS) are present.

Alluvium

Hawkesbury Sandstone

NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment 2021 https://www. environment.nsw.gov.au/topics/land-and-soil/soil-degradation/acid-sulfate-soils

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ASSETS AND CONSTRAINTS HYBRID LANDSCAPE

What if cemetery landscape shares the urban space with the public life and working marina in a healthy and meanigful way?

Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

NEW ALTERNATIVES AQUAMATION/ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS

Heat generated by renewable energy

-12

ins

Water

non organic items such as implants

Potassium hydroxide

Water and a sterile mix of amino acids

Irrigate and fertilise

Ash pulverised from remained

Stored in a biodegradable pots with soil and seeds and buried Taken to more private Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

NEW ALTERNATIVES BODY COMPOSTING

un-embalmed body

Heat generated by renewable energy

Controlled environemnet with an optimal ratio of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and moisture.

-12

ins

Water

Wood chips, alfalfa, straws

non organic items such as implants

Organic compost

Potassium hydroxide

non organic items such as implants

2 weeks

Bush regeneration project Water and a sterile mix of amino acids

Irrigate and fertilise

Ash pulverised from remained

Take home to garden

Stored in a biodegradable pots with soil and seeds and buried Taken to more private Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

A NEW DEATH AND WORLD VIEW ANTI-MEMORIAL

Anti-memorials critique the illusion that the permanence of stone somehow guarantees the permanence of the idea it commemorates. In contrast, anti-memorials formalise impermanence and even celebrate their own transitory natures. Anti-memorials encourage multiple readings of political and social issues, and prompt a different level of physical interactivity. (Ware 2004) Essentially, new interment options encourage people to view themselves as only one single part of the ecosystem and to recognise and celebrate the transformation and cyclicity of lives within.

A memorial ceremony for the SIEV X vessel, Canberra, 2006, designed by Sue Anne Ware (Source: News Corp Australia)

The Anti-Memorial to Heroin Overdose Victims, Melbourne, 2008, designed by Sue Anne Ware (Source: Sue Anne Ware)

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STAGING OVERVIEW From reclaiming the public space and bring the public back to the site, to gather communities to build the space, then to protect and nurture the space with environmental stewardship and the respect for the departed...

Stage 1 Business relocation and upgrade of circulation

Stage 2 Stage 3 Local activation (100% increase of Conversation (30% increase of visitors per week) visitors per week from stage 3)

Stage 4 Intro to Cemetery (3000 funerals and 20% increase of visitors per week from stage 4)

Stage 5 Extending the Journey (10% increase of visitors per week from stage 5)

Upgrade circulation Solar panels

Site clean up Regeneration/remediation workshops partnered with local schools, Indigenous knowledge holders, uni students and scientists Kite flying workshops Temporary basketball court and ping pong tables Provision of temporary shade protection Spare pontoons open for public access to water Temporary roller skate court (Line marking and existing structures)

Moonlight roller skate club (upgrade of lightings and amenities)

Upcycle workshops partnered with local artists to reuse site materials and create ‘site confetti’ Guided yoga and meditation classes Native gardening workshops Interpretive games and activation Construct stormwater treatment Canal habitats creation Installation of cemetery facilities Self-guided Interpretive walk Festival of Death Open and development of Mushroom Tunnel Ceremonial Groves Boardwalk Install lift access to upper silo White Creek Mangroves regeneration Expansion of cemetery groves Upgrade foreshore edge conditions Monthly nighttime flea markets Upgrade the connection to headland park Revealing the canal

Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

DESIGN FRAMEWORK CPTED

Locate pubic activities around entrance to increase visibility and invitation

Landmark creates thresholds to indicate the precinct is being managed

Create ‘landscape rooms’ by different experience nodes within the movement corridor

Public recreational activities will mostly located near foreshore to allow adequate privacy and buffer from the ceremonial and reflective space.

KEY REFLECTIVE SPACE PUBLIC RECREATIONAL SPACE

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STAGE 1 BUSINESS RELOCATION / EXISTING BUSINESSES

Residential construction

Boat dealers

Cafe

Boat club (dry boat storage)

Marine construction

Marina

Boat repairs and maintenance (large and small) Maritime NSW

Construction equipment dealer

Office furniture sales

Barge services

Sydney Heritage Fleet

KEY Irrelevant businesses: easy to be moved to inland locations High visual impact (‘messy’) but less requirements for foreshore conditions.

Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

STAGE 1 BUSINESS RELOCATION Relocating offices to more inland location to maximise the public accessibility of the foreshore areas. Reusing existing amenities and structure where possible.

Relocate marine construction to the north of Glebe Island Bridge

Boat dealers, marina offices

Cemetery Facilities

Boat repairs and maintenance Parking Public services including cafe, amenities

Boat club (dry boat storage)

Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

STAGE 1 CIRCULATION UPGRADE New circulation provide separation between pedestrians and heavy vehicles specifically trucks that are currently predominant on site. The usual functioning and operation of the business on site are guaranteed in the new circulation. Only marine forklifts area allow in the foreshore shared zones to ensure safety of the pedestrians and the fair shared public uses of foreshore.

Vehicular access

Parking (cemetery only in the future)

Cemetery vehicles only

Public foreshore walk

Public Parking

Marine forklifts only

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STAGE 1 SOLAR POWER Solar power panels will be installed on the roof of most buildings thanks to the existing built form and high level of sun exposure of the site. It aims to run on 100% renewable energy on site.

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STAGE 2 PUBLIC ACTIVATION Focus on quick, low-cost, place making approaches that require little to non new construction in order to bring the public into the site while maintaining the working marina waterfront.

REMEDIATION FIELDS

BASKETBALL COURT

SPARE PONTOON FOR PUBLIC ACCESS

SHARED WORKING ZONE

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STAGE 2 PUBLIC ACTIVATION

Kite flying workshops

Reuse site materials as temporary furniture

Working waterfront with line marked indication

Temporary roller skate court

Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

STAGE 2 PUBLIC ACTIVATION

Negotiate with marina to spare a small part of the pontoons for public use. Simple activation such as lying nets between structures, sun lounges and hammocks etc to provide opportunities to share this once exclusive space with the yachts.

Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

STAGE 3 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT Focus on engaging the public into the process of healing and transforming the space in order to foster a sense of local ownership and responsibility in the long run, as well as increasing environmental awareness and environmental stewardship within the neighbourhoods.

REMEDIATION FIELDS

CANAL HABITATS

STORMWATER ‘CREEK’

CLIFF ‘TRENCH’

NATIVE COMMUNITY GARDEN

AMPHITHEATER SPACE 4

6 5

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STAGE 3 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT

Interpretive games and conversation around death

Guided yoga and meditation classes

Sharing the working waterfront

Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT BRING IN THE BATS Grey Headed Flying Foxes camp on mangroves and forests

Grey Headed Flying Foxes feed on fruit and nectar from native trees specifically eucalyptus, banksia and melaleuca.

They both need fresh water in their diets.

Southern Myotis preys on small fish, prawns & aquatic macro-invertebrates

Southern Myotis roost under jetties, bridges, caves, mines etc.

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REMEDIATION CLEANER SOIL AND WATER

Two main phytoremediation fields

Stormwater treatment

Water mycoremediation zone

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Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

PHYTOREMEDIATION A LONG TERM TESTING FIELD Currently there is a small amount of national precedents of larger scale site phytoremediation practices, especially with native species. What if the site can be a long term testing fields collaborating with local universities and schools, scientists and citizens to explore the potentials of Sydney indigenous plant species in phytoremediation?

Lomandra longifolia (reduce rate of contaminants leaching)

Carpobrotus rossii (Phytoextraction of Cd)

Cymbopogon ambiguus (Rhizoremediation of oil/diesel)

Hypolepis muelleri (Phytostablisation of Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn)

Dennstaedtia davallioides (Phytostablisation of Cu, Zn)

Crassula helmsii (Phytoextraction of Cd, Zn)

Juncus usitatus (Reduce rate of contaminants leaching)

Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

MYCOREMEDIATION A LONG TERM TESTING FIELD Research has shown that mushrooms can convert pesticides and herbicides to more innocuous compounds, remove heavy metals from brownfield sites, and break down plastic. There are precedents in New Zealand where fungi was used to remove heavy metals from contaminated soil.

Oyster mushrooms: clean up oil spills, break down DDT in 28 days

White Rot Fungus: break down pesticides from run-off

Trischoderma fungi: remove metal from water by collecting and concentrating it in their fruiting bodies Puffball Mushrooms: Abosorb heavy metal

King Stropharia: Abosorb heavy metal

Thwaites, J. & Farrell, Roberta & Duncan, Shona & Lamar, Richard & White, R. 2006. ‘Fungal-Based Remediation: Treatment of PCP Contaminated Soil in New Zealand.’ Environmental Bioremediation Technologies, January 2006

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FOOD SOURCE / SOURTHERN MYOTIS MARINE HABITATS Southern Myotis (Myotis macropus) is the only fish eating bats in Australia. They forage over water catching insects and small fish by raking their feet across the water surface. Therefore creating habitats for them also means improving marine habitats in Rozelle Bay.

Rocks and man made reefs to increase inter tidal habitats opportunities around the vertical seawall

Floating reefs to increase habitats complexity

Potentials to upgrade pontoons surface into high light penetration surface to allow sunlight into the underwater habitats in later stages

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CLEAN DRINKING WATER STORMWATER RETENTION Both Grey Headed Flying Fox and Southern Myotis require freshwater in their diet although they also drink salt water. Constructed stormwater retention aim to filter stormwater run-off and improve Rozelle Bay water quality, as well as provide freshwater source for wildlife.

run-off

Absorb

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Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

FOOD SOURCE / GREY HEADED FLYING FOX FLOWERS AND FRUITS - Species preferred by Grey Head Flying Foxes for nectars and fruits - Species from the original ecological communities : wetland ecology and sandstone slope woodland and forest ecology. - Ensure flowers and fruits availability all year round.

Eucalyptus crebra

iribin Wiritj Aug) (July

Eucalyptus sideroxylon Eucalyptus robusta

Grevillea robusta Eucalyptus camaldulensis

Banksia integrifolia

Melaleuca linearis

Parra’dowee (Nov-Dec)

Banksia robur

Bu r (Ju rugin ne -Ju ly)

Banksia spinulosa

Acacia mearnsii

Elaeocarpus reticulatus

Melaleuca quinquenervia

Casuarina glauca

Melaleuca stypheloides Leptospermum juniperinum

Banksia ericifolia

Callistemon salignus Corymbia maculata g an e) i’g un ra -J ar ril M Ap (

Melaleuca ericifolia

n rc rra -Ma u B an (J

Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

CANAL BATS HABITAT Southern Myotis tend to roost under bridge, jetties and structures in urban area while there’s report showing them roosting under jetties in Rozelle Bay. There are potentials to enhance the habitat capability of the underground canal for them. The regeneration of mangroves will provide home for marine flora, fauna and micro organism which would then become the food source for Southern Myotis. The mangroves will also provide food and resting place for the Grey Headed Flying Fox, forming a whole habitat system.

The existing open part of the canal

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Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

CANAL BATS AND MARINE CORRIDOR

Landmark can be used as a threshold into the cemetery. It is to be created by local artists with recycled site materials and structures. Banksia Garden with seating nooks

Cemetery facility entry (cemetery cars only) Banksia robusta

Banksia integrifolia Banksia spinulosa

Banksia ericifolia

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Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

STAGE 4 INTRO TO CEMETERY Introducing the landscape of death into people’s everyday recreations. Focus on creating adequate separation between private ceremonies and public recreation, as well as a linear experiential journey. Avoid ‘spooky’ emptiness in nighttime by regular nighttime activation.

FLEXIBLE PUBLIC SPACE

CEMETERY FACILITY BUILDING

CEREMONIAL NOOKS

MUSHROOM TUNNEL

MOONLIGHT ROLLER SKATE COURT

WHITE CREEK MANGROVES REGENERATION

1 1 1

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Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

THE JOURNEY LANDSCAPE TYPOLOGIES Different areas of the site are characterised by planting and materiality typologies to create different experiences and ‘rooms’ throughout the linear journey.

Ceremonial Grove/ Sandstone Slope Forest Canopy

Mushrooms Tunnel

Banksia Garden

Fern Lane/ Shaded lush planting

Shipyard Park/Open Swampy Grassland

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Marina Court/Clear trunk canopy

Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

CEREMONIAL GROVES SHELTERED AND PROTECTED

Casuarina glauca

Corymbia maculata

Ceremonial nooks with vegetation screening to provide privacy

Accessible elevated boardwalk avoids disturbance of bioremediation process in the soil.

Eucalyptus sideroxylon

Grevillea robusta

Eucalyptus creba Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

FERNS LANE SHADED AND ELONGATED

Cyathea cooperi

Dennstaedtia davallioides

Hypolepis muelleri

Towards Glebe Island

Blechnum cartilagineum

Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

FERNS LANE SHADED AND ELONGATED

Proposed lift access to upper level

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Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

THE MUSHROOMS TUNNEL DARK AND HUMID The dark and humid quality of the existing tunnel present potentials to be transformed into a mushroom farm. Natural compost after the interment process can optionally be donated by the family of the deceased and be used as growing medium for the mushrooms which will later be used for mycoremediation on site.

Glebe Island Bridge on top will be open for pedestrian and cyclists in the future

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Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

THE MUSHROOMS TUNNEL DARK AND HUMID

Visitors will be able to walk through the main tunnel where they will experience how life transform and continue in different forms.

The side tunnels will be used as mycellium/mushroom lab and open for staff only.

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THE FRAMED VIEW CONTRAST AND ATTRACT After walking out of the dark and humid Mushroom Tunnel, the visitor will be open up to a framed view of the harbour bridge and beautiful Sydney Harbour. This requires coordination with other development in Glebe Island from earlier stages to preserve the uninterrupted view from the tunnel.

Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

NIGHTTIME EXPERIENCE MOONLIGHT ROLLER SKATE CLUB Activities like monthly night market, moonlight roller skate club will take place on site to avoid the stereotype of spooky cemetery evenings and taboo around it. Location of these activities will be at the foreshore with buildings and adequate separation from the ceremonial groves and canal habitats.

Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

STAGE 4 POTENTIAL EXPANSION Stage 4 will be looking into the needs and potentials to expand ceremonial groves to the upper part of the site which is currently an empty lot next to the silo.

NEW CEREMONIAL GROVE

REVEAL CANAL

BRIDGE PARK

GREEN LINK TO HEADLAND PARK

1 2

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Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

THE BRIDGE PARK OPEN AND PANORAMIC This stage will also explore the potentials to turn Glebe Island Bridge into a linear park with the open and panoramic view of the bays and Glebe Island. It could potentially become part of the journey of the cemetery experience.

Towards Glebe Island

The Fern Lane

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GREEN LINK TO HEADLAND PARK COORDINATE WITH DEVELOPMENTS Exploring the potentials to coordinate with other developments in Glebe Island for the future headland park as part of the headland parks network around Sydney Harbour. What if you can connect the site, through the Mushroom Tunnel to the headland park in a cohesive pedestrian green link?

Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration

REVEAL THE CANAL HABITATS CORRIDOR What if we reveal the underground canal near White Bay Power Station precinct to form a corridor for marina habitats and mangroves? It connects not only the wildlife but also the heritage of the site and the public.

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THE LANDSCAPE SYSTEM FROM DEATH TO REGENERATION

Nourish Nourish Irrigate

Clean Feed

Continue in the ecosystem

Disperse seeds and pollinate flowers

House

House Feed

Feed Feed Safer harbour for people to enjoy

Continue in the ecosystem Chris Liu / Death & Regeneration