Shade we shall never sit in

Shade we shall never sit in

Louis Parsons - O’Malley z5208261 Studio 10 Project 03

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"A society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they know they shall never sit in."

Greek proverb

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Newly Appointed NSW Premier, Dominic Perrottet November 2020, When describing the power station as NSW treasurer...

“ shocking building that should be knocked down”

How can a long term phytoremediation project be realised despite changing future political interests at White Bay?

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Shifting political dynamic

...more than an ecological solution to realise a long-term phytoremediation project?

1.0 Lifespan 1921

2021

NSW State Government

Labor Liberal Nationalist

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How can a long term phytoremediation project be realised despite changing future political interests at White Bay?

Social

Shifting Political Dynamic

Ecological

+

Site Toxicity

Socially Interactive Territorial Community

Phytoremediation Processes Pb

Cu Zn

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Pb

P l a n n i n g

Rules

1

D e s i g n

Cu Zn

F r a m e w o r k

2

3

4

A p p l i c a t i o n

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Site h isto r y steeped i n co m m un i t y wo r k

Ware, S., Johnstone, C., Sparks, K., Allan, P., Bryant, M., Murray, A.(2018). Power Plants. Phytoremediation Gardens. Stage One Report. NSW Government, Landcom: Sydney, Australia.

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Va riety o f toxi c co n tam i na n ts

Legend Base contaminant mix (BCM) Heavy Metals, TPH, PAHs, PCBs

Contamination Patch Types BCM + herbicides, absestos,

BCM + Diotoxide

BCM+ VOCS BCM + phenolics, nitrates, absestos BCM +absestos BCM + specifically lead, MAHs, absestos Heavy Metal, sulfuric acid, ammonia, sulfide nitrogen, selenium Heavy Metals, sulfuric acid, ammonia, sulfide nitrogen, selenium ,MAHs Heavy metals, TPH, solvents, chlorinated benzemes, phenals, potassium hydroxide

Interpreted from JBSandG, (2015). Site Wide Remedial Concept Plan, UrbanGrowth, NSW Government, Sydney, Australia

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Ta xon o my

Lot 206 Railway Sidings

Lot 210/203 ( APEC Reference) General Contaminated Fill Sites

Lot 201/204/205 Coal Storage and Processing

Lot 219/213/217/209 Oil Storage Tanks and Industrial History Sites

Lot 208 General Inventory and Warehouse Building Footprints

Lot 203 Transformer and Switchyard Area

Lot 216 Hydraulic Oil Drums Lot 218 Paint Storage and Paint Booth Areas

Lot 211 Acid Baths and Scaling Works

Lot 215 Above Ground Fuel Storage

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Concrete as co n tam i nan t ca p — la ck o f to p so il

Urban Form

Concrete Apron

runoff, flooding, tidal, sea-level rise

Contamination Layers

(Leachable vs non-leachable)

Land Form Studio 10 Project 03

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Local street n etwo rk o f Bal ma i n — e nga ge m e n t ca tch me nt Darling St

Mullens St Robert St

t Mullens S

Railyard Mouse Hole

Lege n d ert Rob

St

Resi d e ntia l S tre e t Su bu rb A r te r y S tre e t I nd ustr y S e r vi ce Road H i g hway Studio 10 Project 03

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I ntegra ting th e u rban

t

st

rS Rosse

Smith

Rosse r/S mi th S tre e t Resi d e ntia l S t re e t Con n e c tors

t Mullens S

!

t

tS r e Rob

Mulle ns S tre e t as Subur b Con n e c tor

Legend Resi d ent ia l S t re et Su bur b A r ter y Street I n d ust r y S er vice Road Propos ed E x tensio ns

Robe r t S tre e t/ Mulle ns S tre e t J uncti o n Pe d est r ia n Ba r r i e r Studio 10 Project 03

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H ow ca n the pres en t day Bal ma i n co m m un i t y re co n n e ct wit h the site an d i ts ri ch h isto r y ?

Wi t h t h e i r ha n ds!

Th ro ug h ma ny hands.

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Pb

Cu Zn

P hy to rem ediati o n P la n n i ng F ra m e wo r k Social

Ecological

Shifting Political Dynamic

Site Toxicity

Socially Interactive Territorial Community

+

Phytoremediation Processes

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Lifespans as time marker Surface level 500mm phytoremediation timeframe 0.1 Lifespans* (8.2 years) 0.5 Lifespans (41 years) 1.0 Lifespans (82 years) 2.0 Lifespans (164 years) 3.0 Lifespans (246 years) 4+ Lifespans Exceed Australian Safety Standards (328 years) *Average lifespan of an Inner West resident 82 Years

Interpreted from JBSandG, (2015). Site Wide Remedial Concept Plan, UrbanGrowth, NSW Government, Sydney, Australia

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Takes time...

Surface level 500mm phytoremediation timeframe 0.1 Lifespans* (8.2 years) 0.5 Lifespans (41 years) 1.0 Lifespans (82 years) 2.0 Lifespans (164 years) 3.0 Lifespans (246 years) 4+ Lifespans Exceed Australian Safety Standards ((328 years) *Average lifespan of an Inner West resident 82 Years

Interpreted from JBSandG, (2015). Site Wide Remedial Concept Plan, UrbanGrowth, NSW Government, Sydney, Australia

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Staging workshop

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Site Surface (500mm depth)

Pb

Community Territory

VS

Cu Zn

Site Toxicity

100% 0.0 lifespans

5% 95%

(0 years)

1.0 lifespans (82 years)

0.1 lifespans

50% 50%

2 lifespans (164 years)

60% 40%

(41 years)

(8.2 years)

25% 75%

0.5 lifespans

95% 5%

3 lifespans

100% 0%

(246 years) Studio 10 Project 03

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Nudges

Surface level 500mm phytoremediation timeframe

1 Staged demolition of light

0.1 Lifespans (8.2 years)

industrial block - site clean up for phytoremedial process and eventual development

0.5 Lifespans (41 years) 1.0 Lifespans (82 years) 2.0 Lifespans (164 years)

3

3.0 Lifespans (252 years) 4+ Lifespans Exceeds Australian Safety Standards

1

2 Retain 2 front of block buildings for reuse

2 Term 3 Focus Area Term 2 Masterplan

3 Retain 10 back of block buildings for commercial/ hospitality reuse.

Metro Station

M

4

4 Metro Station construction M Note: 200mm depth minimum top soil across site, demolition earthworks of industrial block, metro station and westconnex to provide local imported top soil.

Structure Plan

1:2000@A3

0

10

20

50

100m

0.0 Lifespans

Nudges 1 Re-use back block buildings + convert car park to pocket plaza Existing Brewery Pocket Plaza

1 2 Re-use of two front of block buildings as nursery and soil-building facility

2

3 4 3

Introduce Path Network connecting Metro and Balmain

3 Metro Station

M

4 Begin Power Station Plantation Project

Remediated Land Remediating Land

Structure Plan

1:2000 0

10

20

50

100m

0.1 Lifespans

Nudges

Nudges

1 Smith Street and Roser Street Extension to integrate Balmain with new precinct and Metro

1 Roser St Extension provide through link and access to new residential buildings

2

4

3

2 Demolish industrial building on Rosser St Extension for residential/commercial development

2 Opening up of Beattie St Canal to reduce overland flow flood impacts

1

4

4 2 3 Introduce raised garden plots for existing and new local residents

3 Residential development introduced along Smith St Extension upon remediated land areas to improve natural surveillance

4 Roberts and Mullens St upgrade. Delete parking lanes and introduce active transport links

1:2000

0

10

20

50

1:2000

100m

Structure Plan

0.5 Lifespans

0

10

20

50

100m

Structure Plan

1.0 Lifespans

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Nudges 1

Civic Square Integrated with Power Station Plantation project

1

2 Residential and Commercial towers completed along street extensions into White Bay development area

1 2 2 3 T2 Site remediated and prepared for Power Station Precinct Masterplan - (T2 P1)

Remediated Land Remediating Land

3

Site Prepared for T2 Masterplan

Structure Plan

2.0 Lifespans

White Bay Brewery Warehouse

Pb

Light industrial buildings behind

Lot 210,211,218

Footpath w/existing street trees

Existing Light Industrial Precinct

Cu Zn

5% 95%

Existing Light Industrial Buildings

Construction Site

Footpath

Beattie St Canal

Paint Storage and Paint booths

Mullens Street

Lot 218

Acid baths and scaling works

Lot 211

Existing Generations

Lot 211 Acid baths and scaling works

Lot 218 Paint Storage and Paint

booths Areas

Nearmap (2021) Interpreted from JBSandG, (2015). Site Wide Remedial Concept Plan, UrbanGrowth, NSW Government, Sydney, Australia

24

Pb

Lot 210,211,218

Cu Zn

5% 95%

Paint Storage and Paint booths

Acid baths and scaling works

Lot 218

Lot 211

Demolished Light Industrial BuildingsFacade Framwork Retained- PORTALS

Nursery Spillout Area

Existing Generations

Specific Lot 211 Phytoremediation Treatment Active Adaptable Pedestrian network

Demolished Light Industrial

Converted Nursery Facility Converted Soil-Building Facility

20% 80%

BCM Phytoremediation Treatment Barrier Fence

Specific Lot 218 Phytoremediation Treatment

Lot 218

Lot 211

0.05 Lifespans - Setup

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Pb

Lot 210,211,218

Cu Zn

5% 95%

Paint Storage and Paint booths

Acid baths and scaling works

Lot 218

Lot 211

Existing Generations

20% 80%

Lot 218

Lot 211

95% 5%

0.05 Lifespans - Setup Soil-Building Active Transport Link Community Paint Wall Wildplay/Creek walk Naturalised Canal

Remnant Phytoremediation vegetation

Mullens Street Parking Removal

Nursery Raised Community Garden Plots ‘Warehouse Gardens’

New Residential Development (5 Storeys Max) Roser St Extension

Civic Square - Protest in Progress

Paint Phytoremediation Ecology

2 Lifespans

1:500

0

5

10

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20m

26

Rule #1 Give priority to phytoremediation processes

Paint Storage and Paint booths

Acid baths and scaling works

Lot 218

Lot 211

Ancestral/Existing Generations

Barrier Fencing Nursery and Spillout

Soil-Building and spillout

Canal Lot 218

0.1 Generation lifespans

2 Generation lifespans

Lot 211

1:500

0

5

10

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20m

27

Specific Contaminants General contaminated fill areas Paint Storage and Paint booths Areas

Lot 218

Heavy metals, TPH, solvents, chlorinated benzemes, phenals, potassium hydroxide

Lot 210 Acid baths and scaling works

Lot 211

Heavy metals, sulfuric acid, ammonia, sulfide nitrogen, selenium, sulfur dioxide

Existing Generation

0.5 lifespans

2 lifespans

JBSandG, (2015). Site Wide Remedial Concept Plan, UrbanGrowth, NSW Government, Sydney, Australia

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Specific Species

Lot 218

Lot 211

Viola

Foeniculum vulgar

Acacia mearnsii

Poa labillardieri

Alyssum tenium

Dianella tasmanica

Carex radiata

Isolepsis nodosa

Vicia Sativa

Ancestral/Existing Generations

Lot 218

Lot 211

Paint Storage and Paint booths

Acid baths and scaling works

0.1 Lifespans

Lot 218

Lot 211

1:500

0

5

10

20m

2 Lifespans Ware, S., Johnstone, C., Sparks, K., Allan, P., Bryant, M., Murray, A.(2018). Power Plants. Phytoremediation Gardens. Stage One Report. NSW Government, Landcom: Sydney, Australia.

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Rule #2 Integrate intergenerational program over time

Seperated Share Path Narrowed 2 Lanes Mullens St

Nursery Facility Public Square - protest in progress

Spillout community area and vehicle pick-up

Creek Walk/Wild Play

3.0 Generations

1:150

0

0.5

1

2m

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Intergenerational Demographic — Balmain V Pyrmont

Meters

%Population

When old men plant trees...

0 km

Balmain

Pyrmont

3 km

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Rule #3 Introduce development and circulation to enhance natural surveillance

Reused Industrial Buildings Behind

The Old Warehouse Gardens

Roser St Extension

New Residential Development (5 Storeys Max)

1:150

0

0.5

1

2m

3.0 Generations

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Rule #4 Aspire to uncover and retain historical memories of site for future generations

Paint Storage and Paint booths Lot 218

Acid baths and scaling works

Lot 211

Ancestral/Existing Generations

Lot 218

0.1 Generation lifespans

Lot 211

Paint Booths Ecology Community Art Wall

2 Generation lifespans

Retained Roof-line Structures – Historic Portals

1:500

0

5

10

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20m

33

2100 +0.89 m (1 lifespan)

+1.25 m (1.5 lifespans)

+2.00 m ( 2 lifespans)

+3.00 m (3-4 lifespans)

Sea Level Rise - high tide level

2.0 Lifespans (164 years)

Legend +2.00m water line Contaminated fill

x

White Bay Power Station

x

Sea Level Rise + Contaminated Fill

2.0 Lifespans

Typical remediation process of brownfield sites, Sydney - CAP In Australia, “There are somewhere between 40,000 and 80,000 contaminated sites. We spend about $300-million a year managing and remediating them. The overwhelming majority of that goes on the managing, using dig and dump to take the pollutants

Millenium parklands

Sydney Park

Ware, S., Johnstone, C., Sparks, K., Allan, P., Bryant, M., Murray, A.(2018). Power Plants. Phytoremediation Gardens. Stage One Report. NSW Government, Landcom: Sydney, Australia.

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Typical remediation process of brownfield sites, Sydney - CAP In Australia, “There are somewhere between 40,000 and 80,000 contaminated sites. We spend about $300-million a year managing and remediating them. The overwhelming majority of that goes on the managing, using dig and dump to take the pollutants

Millenium parklands

Sydney Park

Precedent for an alternative - NO CAP Different phytoremediation and bioremediation techniques have been applied to the polluted plots where crops are grown for material and energy production whilst also cleaning the soil. In some cases, the level and type of pollution has permitted temporary activities to take place on the plots while bioremediation continued, opening up flexible development options

Park de Ceuvel, Amsterdam, DEVLA Landscape Architects, 2012 Ware, S., Johnstone, C., Sparks, K., Allan, P., Bryant, M., Murray, A.(2018). Power Plants. Phytoremediation Gardens. Stage One Report. NSW Government, Landcom: Sydney, Australia.

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Pb

Cu Zn

P hy to rem ediati o n P la n n i ng F ra m e wo r k A ppl i e d i n Design Social

Shifting Political Dynamic Socially Interactive Territorial Community

Ecological

+

Site Toxicity Phytoremediation Processes

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Power Stati on Planta tio n

Nursery + soilbuilding

T3

Civic square T2

Tool shed

Legend Tool shed

Above AS toxicity levels - soilbuilding chimneys

Share path Vehicular grade service path

Boardwalk paths and phytoremedial mass planting

ies The G aller

Cultural Centre

The G aller

ies

Spillout paving areas

Site Prepared for Term 2 Master plan

Eucalptus sp.

- E. polybractea - E. cladocalyx Casuarina glauca

Metro Station

Grassed Terraces

Speculative Plan

2.0 Lifespans (164 years)

Connectivity and Infrastructure

attie St n up Be

Canal

Ope

Rozelle - Balmain - Metro Studio 10 Project 03

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Power Stati on Planta tio n

Nursery + soilbuilding

T3

Civic square T2

Tool shed

Legend Tool shed

Above AS toxicity levels - soilbuilding chimneys

Share path Vehicular grade service path

Boardwalk paths and phytoremedial mass planting

ies The G aller

Cultural Centre

The G aller

ies

Spillout paving areas

Site Prepared for Term 2 Master plan

Eucalptus sp.

- E. polybractea - E. cladocalyx Casuarina glauca

Metro Station

Grassed Terraces

Speculative Plan

2.0 Lifespans (164 years)

The plantation over time Legend High rotation phytomediation mass planting

- E. polybractea - E. cladocalyx > AS standard contaminant soil-building chimneys

500mm depth phytoremediation timeframe 0.1 Lifespans (8.4 years) 0.5 Lifespans (42 years) 0.1 lifespans

1.0 lifespans

3.0 lifespans

1.0 Lifespans (84 years) 2.0 Lifespans (168 years) 3.0 Lifespans (252 years) Refer to staging mapping for details

Menon, D. D. (1998). The determination of the potential of Australian native plants to phytoremediate lead.

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Fundamental assets and planting for the future

Roberts St soil chimney

Salinity stabilising function

Higher Salinity Less Contaminated More Flood Prone

Menon, D. D. (1998). The determination of the potential of Australian native plants to phytoremediate lead.

soil chimney

- E. cladocalyx

Nursery + Soil-Building facility

- E. polybractea

- E. polybractea - E. cladocalyx

Deep root phytoremedial function

Lower Salinity More Contaminated Less Flood Prone

0.1 lifespans High Rotation Phytoremedial Block

0.5 lifespans Hybrid Transition Block

1.0 lifespans Casuarina Swamp Forest Imitation Block

20 Sq m

20 Sq m

20 Sq m

Meadow aesthetic

Bush-school aesthetic Casuarina glauca

Juncus effusus 30%

Foeniculum vulgare 20 %

Casuarina glauca

Viola × wittrockiana Gams 15%

Juncus usiatatus 30%

Tagetes patula 20%

Viola × wittrockiana Gams 20%

Foeniculum vulgare 30%

Juncus effusus 30%

Lot 201/204/205 Coal Storage and Processing

Slashed and bagged 6-12 month periods Soil-building from composted material

Lomandra ‘Verday’

Juncus effusus Dianella ‘Cassa Blue’ Lomandra ‘Wingarra’

500mm

Community Interaction

Reduced contaminants levels

Not to Scale- see following page for soil horizon details, see p 8 for contaminant details Menon, D. D. (1998). The determination of the potential of Australian native plants to phytoremediate lead.

Saline soil stablising root system Flood waters/ Sea level rise

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Rule #1 Give priority to phytoremediation processes

Lot 201/204/205 Coal Storage and Processing 0.0 lifespans Existing - Construction

Lot 201

Concrete Slab to be crushed and used for fill/sub-base

Railway rails to be retained

Contaminant Depth

Contaminated Fill to be moved to Soil Chimneys

Fill: Clayey Sand with Sandstone Chunks Clayey Sand Medium grained well sorted

As above, slightly finer, saturated

As above, light grey lense, moist JBSandG, (2015). Site Wide Remedial Concept Plan, UrbanGrowth, NSW Government, Sydney, Australia

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Rule #3 Introduce development and circulation to enhance natural surveillance

Metro Station and commuter link introduced

300mm high raised boardwalks

Pedestrian Grade

Juncus effusus 30%

Foeniculum vulgare 30%

Tagetes patula 20%

Viola × wittrockiana Gams 20%

Contaminant Depth

Vehicular Grade

0.1 lifespans High Rotation Phytoremedial blocks Lot 201/204/205 Coal Storage and Processing Studio 10 Menon, D. D. (1998). The determination of the potential of Australian native plants to phytoremediate lead.

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Rule #2 Integrate intergenerational program

Equitable access boardwalk network Community Engagement Program

Pedestrian Grade

Juncus effusus 30%

Foeniculum vulgare 20%

Casuarina glauca

Viola × wittrockiana Gams 20%

Juncus usiatatus 30%

Contaminant Depth

Vehicular Grade

0.5 lifespans Hybrid Transition Block Lot 201/204/205 Coal Storage and Processing Studio 10 Menon, D. D. (1998). The determination of the potential of Australian native plants to phytoremediate lead.

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Rule #4 Aspire to uncover and retain historical memories of site for future generations Eucalyptus polybractea

Inset Rails

Juncus effusus

Juncus usitatus

Casuarina glauca

Increasing salinity

Casuarina glauca (saline stabilising root system)

+1.00m Sea level

Contaminant Depth

Ameliorated 500mm

Ongoing remedial management

1.0 lifespans Casuarina Swamp Forest Imitation Blocks Lot 201/204/205 Coal Storage and Processing Studio 10 Project 03

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Above AS Standards Soil Building Chimneys Consolidate...

Contain...

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Soil Chimneyoil

Bioremedial Test Zone

>AS Standard Contaminated Soil

Containment Membrane S355JOW Steel Cladding

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“ ...shocking building that should be knocked down”

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Shade we shall never sit in

Special thanks Student collaborators: Wei Seng Ong, Matt Wein, Daniel Murray, Caleb Wright, Hamzah Mullah, Lifu Shao, Shirelle Altona, Isabel Peng, Ben’s Tutor Group Exterior crits: Hugo Takase-Simpson, Ben Hardy-Clements, Morgan Watt, Anton James, Ingrid Mather, Family and Friends Tutor: Ben Allen

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Appendixes

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“Landscape Architecture should no longer be about the Landscape architect as a master architect, where we do funky design and we say this is how it should be... it should be more of a gardening approach; intervening, letting things take their time, stepping back, testing, failure and error, working with the land...”

Darius Reznek

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Site — Reconsidered

Term 3 Focus Area

Term 2 Masterplan Surface level 500mm phytoremediation timeframe 0.1 Lifespans (8.4 years) 0.5 Lifespans (42 years) 1.0 Lifespans (84 years) 2.0 Lifespans (168 years) 3.0 Lifespans (252 years) 4+ Generations lifespans Exceed Australian Safety Standards

Process — test program overlay + staging

0.1 lifespans 8.2 Years

0.5 lifespans 41 years

1.0 lifespans 82 years

2 lifespans 160+ years Studio 10 Project 03

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Sig ht lines — l o o ki ng i n

Looking down

Victoria Rd Looking up

Mullens St Harbour Bridge

20m wide

Roberts St

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Chord Pro gressi o n - S h i f t i ng Pa t h N e t wo r k S h if t ing Path Cycles

P hyto rem e diation Cycle 1

5m

1.

5m

P hyto rem e diation c ycle 2

Maintenance phasi ng var ies on plan t sp e ci es groups and growth cycles

P hyto rem ediation c ycle 3

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Rule #2 As land becomes remediated introduce community program amongst phytoremedial processes ry rse Nu

ng ildi l-bu i o S

Rule #1 Give priority to phytoremediation ecology mosaic

ROBERT ST ENTRY

ROBERT ST ENTRY

COTTAGE

COTTAGE

NORTH YARD

NORTH YARD

AMENITIES BLOCK

AMENITIES BLOCK

ASH

HAND

LING

ASH

TOW

ER

COAL

HAND

COAL

CONV

EYOR

LING

TOW

ER

CONV

HAND LINE RAIL

HOUS

E

INE TURB

USE H HO SWITC

USE H HO

PUMP

SWITC

E HOUS PUMP

HALL

OLD

OLD HALL INE TURB

USE H HO SWITC

USE H HO SWITC

COAL

USE R HO

RAIL

BOILE

LINE

BOILE

COAL

R HO

USE

HAND

LING

LING

SHED

SHED

EYOR

M

Phytoremediation program before initial human program is introduced: 0.1 Generation lifespans

Legend M

Metro Station

0.5 Generation lifespans

Seating Node and programmed area

1.0 Generation lifespans

Soil-Building and Nursery Vehicular Grade Path

2.0 Generation lifespans 3.0 Generation lifespans 4+ Generations lifespans Exceed Australian Safety Standards

Share Path Connection Garden Maintenace paths - raised boardwalk 300mm

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Rule #3 Strategically located development to enhance natural surveillance of programmed areas

Rule #4 Aspire to uncover and retain historical memories of site

ROBERT ST ENTRY

ROBERT ST ENTRY

COTTAGE

COTTAGE

NORTH YARD

NORTH YARD AMENITIES BLOCK

AMENITIES BLOCK

ASH

ASH

HAND

COAL

LING

COAL

CONV

ER

SHED USE

HAND

LING

SHED LING

HALL

PUMP

HOUS

E

INE TURB

SWITC

USE H HO SWITC

H HO

USE

OLD

OLD

RAIL

LINE

BOILE

COAL

R HO

HAND RAIL

LINE

COAL

USE R HO BOILE E HOUS PUMP

TOW

CONV

EYOR

HALL INE TURB

USE H HO SWITC

USE H HO

LING

ER

EYOR

SWITC

HAND

TOW

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Shade Studies - Power Station Sun Path 13th November 2021

0700h

1200h

1500h

1800h

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Beattie St Canal as Flood Prevention Mechanism

ws Flo

Flo ws

Outlet

d

dC ana l

Ov erl an

d Ov erl an

Can al

ene

Flo ws

d Op

und

Flo ws

Ov er la n

d Ov er la n der gro

Un

Flood Prone

ws Flo

d rlan Ove

Flo ws

d rlan Ove

Outlet

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Condition Lot (APEC Reference)

Lot 201/204/205

Industrial use

Coal Storage and Processing

Phytoremedial species by contaminants Contaminants

Fundamental Environmental Assets

Heavy Metals, TPH, PAHs, PCBs

Southern portion shadowed in afternoon by power station, sun exposed at northen portion, adjacent to Roberts St at Northern Boundary, some existing soil 300mm 500mm depth through centre of lot arrangement, mostly concrete surface 500mm-1000mm depth, requires soil-building before tree planting

Grevillea robusta

Trees

Eucalyptus polybractea Zn, Cu, Ni Eucalyptus cladocalyx(Zn, Cu, Ni) Betula spp. (Birch) Zn, Cr, Pb Quercus spp. (Oak) Zn, Cr, Pb Casuraina Glauca (gen Heavy Metals, management of saline vnrionmenents) Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Heavy metal potential in roots) Eucalyptus lesouifii (Heavy metal potential in roots) Eucalyptus globulus (Heavy metal potential in roots) Casuarina obesa (Heavy Metals GENERAL) Allocasuarina verticilatta(Heavy Metals GENERAL) Grevillea robusta

Lot 210/203

General Contaminated Fill sites

Heavy Metals, TPH, PAHs, PCBs, herbicides, absestos, ASS

Eucalyptus polybractea Eucalyptus cladocalyx Betula spp. (Birch) (Zn, Cr, Pb) Broad area that covers entire site, species list become releveant when another lot is not Quercus spp. (Oak) (Zn, Cr, Pb) Casuraina Glauca (gen Heavy Metals, management of saline present, vnrionmenents this can be seen as a general typical species list across Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Heavy metal potential in roots) site Eucalyptus lesouifii (Heavy metal potential in roots) Eucalyptus globulus (Heavy metal potential in roots) although specific environemjntal assets need to be considered from area to area dending on sun exposure, Casuarina obesa (Heavy Metals GENERAL) Allocasuarina verticilatta(Heavy Metals GENERAL) soil depths

Grevillea robusta

Lot 206

Railway Sidings

Heavy Metals, TPH, PAHs, PCBs

Railway sidings long narrow length that is completely fun exposed with a concrete capping to 500-1000mm depth, cuts through existing foreshore road, flanks out alon the buffer to the highway at southern boundary

Heavy Metals, TPH, PAHs, PCBs, asbestos

Small scattered, isolated lots which form a fragmented netowkr, fully sun exposed at edge of Roberts St, two of the fragments sit behind power station not receiving morning sunlight

Eucalyptus polybractea (Zn, Cu, Ni) Eucalyptus cladocalyx (Zn, Cu, Ni) Betula spp. (Birch) (Zn, Cr, Pb) Quercus spp. (Oak) (Zn, Cr, Pb) Casuraina Glauca (gen Heavy Metals, management of saline vnrionmenents Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Heavy metal potential in roots) Eucalyptus lesouifii (Heavy metal potential in roots) Eucalyptus globulus (Heavy metal potential in roots) Casuarina obesa (Heavy Metals GENERAL) Allocasuarina verticilatta

Grevillea robusta

Lot 208

Lot 211

General inventory and warehouse building footprints

Acid baths and scaling works

Heavy Metal, sulfuric acid, ammonia, sulfide nitrogen, selenium and sulfur dixide

Eucalyptus polybractea (Zn, Cu, Ni) Eucalyptus cladocalyx (Zn, Cu, Ni) Betula spp. (Birch) (Zn, Cr, Pb) Quercus spp. (Oak) (Zn, Cr, Pb) Casuraina Glauca (gen Heavy Metals, management of saline vnrionmenents Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Heavy metal potential in roots) Eucalyptus lesouifii (Heavy metal potential in roots) Grevillea robusta

Eucalyptus polybractea Eucalyptus cladocalyx Betula spp. (Birch) (Zn, Cr, Pb) Existing warehousing sits on top of lot currently, sits at Quercus spp. (Oak) (Zn, Cr, Pb) the junction of Roberts St and Mullens St, ear-marked for Casuraina Glauca (gen Heavy Metals, management of saline a square/plaza area in structure plan, once warehousing vnrionmenents demolished will receive good full sunlight throughout Casuarina obesa (Heavy Metals GENERAL) Allocasuarina verticilatta(Heavy Metals GENERAL)

Lot 218

Paint Storage and Paint booths Areas

Groundcovers and Grasses

Acacia mearnsii (Zn, Cu, Ni) Wild Fennel (Alumnium, Lead, Cadnium, Zinc,Copper) Alyssum tenium (Heavy Metals) Acacia quadramarginea (Heavy Metals)

Poa labillardieri (Zubc, Copper, PCB's Juncus usitatus - common rush -(Arsenic,lead,manganese) Indian Mustard (Lead, Aluminium) Sunflower (Aluminium, Pah,Cadnium, Zinc, Nickel) Viola (Lead,Cadnium,Zinc)

Acacia mearnsii (Zn, Cu, Ni) Wild Fennel (Alumnium, Lead, Cadnium, Zinc,Copper)

Poa labillardieri Juncus usitatus - common rush -(Arsenic,lead,manganese) Indian Mustard (Lead, Aluminium) Sunflower (Aluminium, Pah,Cadnium, Zinc, Nickel) Viola (Lead,Cadnium,Zinc)

Kochia (pesticides/herbicides)

Alyssum tenium (Heavy Metals) Acacia quadramarginea (Heavy Metals)

Poaceae group with A. gerardii, S. nutans, L. perenne and P. virgatum (Asbestos tolerant)

ACID SULFATE SOILS (ASS) Agricultural lime (powdered calcium carbonate—CaCO3) is the most common neutralising material in use.

Removal of asbestos ridden areas potential capping opportunity within feature seat areas or under Roberts Rd - may need to be removed from site

Acacia mearnsii (Zn, Cu, Ni) Wild Fennel (Alumnium, Lead, Cadnium, Zinc,Copper) Alyssum tenium (Heavy Metals) Acacia quadramarginea (Heavy Metals)

Poa labillardieri Juncus usitatus - common rush -(Arsenic,lead,manganese) Indian Mustard (Lead, Aluminium) Sunflower (Aluminium, Pah,Cadnium, Zinc, Nickel) Viola (Lead,Cadnium,Zinc)

Acacia mearnsii (Zn, Cu, Ni) Wild Fennel (Alumnium, Lead, Cadnium, Zinc,Copper) Alyssum tenium (Heavy Metals)

Poa labillardieri Juncus usitatus - common rush -(Arsenic,lead,manganese) Indian Mustard (Lead, Aluminium) Sunflower (Aluminium, Pah,Cadnium, Zinc, Nickel) Viola (Lead,Cadnium,Zinc)

Removal of asbestos ridden areas potential capping opportunity within feature seat areas or under Roberts Rd - may need to be removed from site

Acacia mearnsii (Zn, Cu, Ni) Wild Fennel (Alumnium, Lead, Cadnium, Zinc,Copper) Alyssum tenium (Heavy Metals) Acacia quadramarginea (Heavy Metals)

Poa labillardieri Juncus usitatus - common rush -(Arsenic,lead,manganese) Viola (Lead,Cadnium,Zinc)

SELENIUM - Bacillus cereus and Aeromonas encheleia earthworm Eisenia fetida

Acacia mearnsii (Zn, Cu, Ni) Wild Fennel (Alumnium, Lead, Cadnium, Zinc,Copper)

Poa labillardieri Juncus usitatus - common rush -(Arsenic,lead,manganese) Indian Mustard (Lead, Aluminium) Sunflower (Aluminium, Pah,Cadnium, Zinc, Nickel) Viola (Lead,Cadnium,Zinc)

Poaceae group with A. gerardii, S. nutans, L. perenne and P. virgatum (Asbestos tolerant)

day - unknown underground condition - will require extensive soil-building and ameliroatioun for tree growth

Grevillea robusta

Heavy metals, TPH, solvents, chlorinated benzemes, phenols, potassium hydroxide

Shrubs

Other Remedial Strategies

Eucalyptus polybractea (Zn, Cu, Ni) Eucalyptus cladocalyx (Zn, Cu, Ni) Betula spp. (Birch) (Zn, Cr, Pb) Currently industrial building sits on this lot - to be Quercus spp. (Oak) (Zn, Cr, Pb) demolished for remediation in structure plan. - sits Casuraina Glauca (gen Heavy Metals, management of saline alongside open section of beattie st canal - runoff from vnrionmenents this lot into the canal must be considered in planting Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Heavy metal potential in roots) design to reduce contaminant runoff- exposed to north, Eucalyptus lesouifii (Heavy metal potential in roots) recieves good sunlight, soil=depth unknown, wiol require Eucalyptus globulus (Heavy metal potential in roots) Casuarina obesa (Heavy Metals GENERAL) extensive soil-building for tree growth Allocasuarina verticilatta(Heavy Metals GENERAL)

Vicia sativa L.(Cmmon vetch) (PHENOLS) Alyssum tenium (Heavy Metals) Acacia quadramarginea (Heavy Metals)

Dianella caerulea - Blue Flax Lily (Chlorinated benzemes)

Chris Frazar, 2000, ‘The Bioremediation and Phytoremediation of Pesticide-contaminated Sites’ , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Technology Innovation Office Washington, DC (https://clu-in.org/download/techdrct/tdfrazar.pdf) Xinyu Gan, Jung-Chen Huang, Manping Zhang, Chuanqi Zhou, Shengbing He, Weili Zhou, Remediation of selenium-contaminated soil through combined use of earthworm Eisenia fetida and organic materials, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 405, 2021, (https://www.sciencedirect.com/sciencearticle/abs/pii/)S0304389420322020#!)

Ibáñez SG, Sosa Alderete LG, Medina MI, Agostini E. Phytoremediation of phenol using Vicia sativa L. plants and its antioxidative response. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2012 Jun;19(5):1555-62. doi: 10.1007/s11356-011-0664-4. Epub 2011 Nov 24. PMID: 22113320.

Phytoremediation: Management of Environmental Contaminants, Volume 6. Germany, Springer International Publishing, 2019.

Menon, D. D. (1998). The determination of the potential of Australian native plants to phytoremediate lead. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses_hons/457

Studio 10 Project 03

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Pb

Cu Zn

How can a long term phytoremediation project be realised despite changing future political interests at White Bay?

Pb

Cu Zn

How can a long term phytoremediation project be realised despite changing future political interests at White Bay?

Planning Framework and Design Application

Pb

Cu Zn

How can a long term phytoremediation project be realised despite changing future political interests at White Bay? Social

Shifting Political Dynamic Socially Interactive Territorial Community

Ecological

+

Site Toxicity Phytoremediation Processes

Planning Framework and Design Application