AMALGA-NATURE

AMALGA-NATURE

Decelerating urban life by accelerating biophilic living

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

I would like to acknowledge the D’harawal, Dharug, Eora, Gaimaragal, Gundangara and Guringai peoples, among others that are the Traditional Custodians of this land. I would also like to pay my respects to the Elders both past and present and extend that respect to other Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders who are present here today.

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

CONTEXT “We will never be truly healthy, satisfied, or fulfilled if we live apart and alienated from the environment from which we evolved.”

- Stephen R. Kellert1

GREATER SYDNEY Expanding urban development

1 GoodReads, 2021, accessed 22/9/21, https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/6882365-we-will-never-be-truly-healthy-satisfied-or-fulfilled-if

SYDNEY CBD Forested areas

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

CONTEXT BIOPHILIC DESIGN DEFINITION: “Biophilic Design is the practice of connecting people and nature within our built environments and communities”1

SYDNEY METROPOLITAN AREA

FENCED OFF

CEMENT AUSTRALIA

REMNANTS OF OLD INDUSTRY

CONCRETE EXPANSE

Under-utilised space

1 Biophilic Design Initiative, 2021, International Living Future Institute, accessed 25/11/21, https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/ Source of Images: Stephanie Stankiewicz

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

CONTEXT 5 minutes of a visual connection with nature it has shown a positive impact on mood and self-esteem.

After 20 minutes it can “return cerebral blood flow and brain activity to a relaxed state.”1

NEW BAYS METRO STATION

WHITE BAY POWER STATION

WESTERN DISTRIBUTOR

BAYS WEST High trafficability

1 Browning, W. Clancy, J. Ryan, C. 2014, ‘14 PATTERNS OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN:Improving Health & Well-Being in the Built Environment’, Terrapin, accessed 10/10/21,https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/14-patterns/ Source of Images: https://www.sydneymetro.info/station/bays-station, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Bay_Power_Station, Google Maps

Chosen site

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

NATURE IN THE SPACE physical e.g plants, natural light

NATURAL ANALOGUES evocations of nature e.g materials, colour

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BIOPHILIC DESIGN PRINCIPLES

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NATURE OF OF THE SPACE NATURE THE

PROSPECT

An unimpeded view over a distance for surveillance and planning.

REFUGE

A place for withdrawal, from environmental conditions or the main flow of activity, in which the individual is protected from behind.

SPACE

spatial configurations e.g views of a distance, refuge

MYSTERY

The promise of more information achieved through partially obscured views or other sensory devices that entice the individual to travel deeper into the environment.

RISK/PERIL

An identifiable threat coupled with a reliable safeguard.1

1 Browning, W. Clancy, J. Ryan, C. 2014, ‘14 PATTERNS OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN:Improving Health & Well-Being in the Built Environment’, Terrapin, accessed 10/10/21,https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/14-patterns/

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

F U N DA M E N TA L A S S E T S + / L I M I TAT I O N S LONG VIEWS + PROSPECT

EXISTING VEGETATION + REFUGE

POLLUTED SOILS -

MYSTERY

HARD EDGE RISK/PERIL

SITE LOCATION Source of Image: Nearmaps

1:10000 @A3

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

FUNDAMENTAL ASSETS

LONG VIEWS

PROSPECT

A prospect over 30m is preferred in smaller spaces as it provides a sense of awareness and comfort for the user particularly in an unfamiliar environment.1

SITE SPECIFICS

The new proposed The Bays Metro Station, which will be completed in 2028, will allow for thousands of new visitors to the site.2

White Bay Power Station

Cement Australia Silos

Sydney Harbour Bridge

SIGNIFICANT STRUCTURES FROM A DISTANCE

1 Browning, W. Clancy, J. Ryan, C. 2014, ‘14 PATTERNS OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN:Improving Health & Well-Being in the Built Environment’, Terrapin, accessed 10/10/21,https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/14-patterns/ 2 Sydney Metro, 2021, NSW Government, accessed 10/10/21, https://www.sydneymetro.info/west/project-overview Source of Images: Google Maps, Nearmaps

Anzac Bridge

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

FUNDAMENTAL ASSETS

EXISTING VEGETATION

REFUGE

Refuge areas can be created within vegetated areas as is seen through headland parks in Sydney’s Harbour.

Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests1

SITE SPECIFICS

It can be assumed that Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests inhabit the site as it’s only remaining vegetation. However, there are successional ecologies that are a nice break up of the hard-scaped concrete expanse.

Site

SYDNEY METROPOLITAN VEGETATION CLASSES

REMAINING VEGETATION ON SITE

SPECIES Cenchrus setaceus (Fountain Grass)

BALLS HEAD RESERVE 1 SEED, 2015, NSW Government, accessed 10/10/21,https://geo.seed.nsw.gov.au/Public_Viewer/index.html?viewer=Public_Viewer&locale=en-AU&runWorkflow=AppendLayerCatalog&CatalogLayer=SEED_Catalog.184.NSW%20Formation,SEED_Catalog.184.Plant%20Community%20Type,SEED_Catalog.184.NSW%20Class Source of Images: Nearmaps, https://www.hellosydneykids.com.au/balls-head-reserve-sydney-walks-picnics/

SUCCESSIONAL ECOLOGY AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

FUNDAMENTAL ASSETS

POLLUTED SOILS MYSTERY

Mystery of what is beneath the site is unknown to the public however above surface nothing can be hidden to create that mystery.

SITE SPECIFICS

Polluted Soil from past industrial use means a process of Phytoremediation will have to occur before any native planting to clean soil.

• A meadow mix will have to planted across the whole site which contains: Common Rush Indian Mustard Sunflower Marigold Alpine Pennycress Viola Saltbush Rapeseed Wild Fennel Braeckea dwarf Field Mustard Queen Annes Lace White clover Lucerne White Lupine Scrub Nettle Sorgum Paper daisies Sea Lavender

• Sorghum mass planting for Nitrates • Field Mustard, Pig Face, Marigold Starfire and Red Clover as a combination for Dioxins2

LEGEND

Heavy metals, TPH/VOCs, PAHs, OCPs, herbicides, PCBs, ASS and ground gases

1:10000 @A3 Asbestos

1 JBS&G, 2015, TheBaysSydney, accessed 10/10/21, https://thebayssydney.nsw.gov.au/assets/Reference-Group/Bays-Precinct-SiteWide-Remedial-Concept-Plan-WEB.pdf 2 Power Plants Phytoremediation, 2019, Landcom, accessed 10/10/21, https://powerplantsphytoremediation.com/performance_nl

Dioxins

Nitrates1

• Asbestos locations unknown and may have to be covered and not planted out

POLLUTANT DEPTH = 3-4 m AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

FUNDAMENTAL ASSETS

HARD EDGE RISK/PERIL

Water can be dangerous and without proper safety precautions it can cause peril. However interacting with water can be the closest to nature a user can come.

- Contaminated water

SITE SPECIFICS

• Today’s edge has a 5m drop down to the water

• Biophilic design encompasses all interactions with nature including water • Natural edge should be brought back to allow for proper natural processes to occur like tidal flow

LEGEND 1860 waters edge1

1:10000 @A3 Today’s edge

3m High Tide avg.

0.3m Low Tide avg.2

1 Bays Precinct Background Paper, 2012, NSW Government, accessed 25/11/21, https://thebayssydney.nsw.gov.au/assets/Document-Library/Bays-Precinct-Taskforce-Documents-2010-2012/2012-The-Bays-Precinct-Background-Paper.pdf 2 Willy Weather, 2021, Bureau of Meteorology, accessed 25/11/21, https://tides.willyweather.com.au/nsw/sydney/white-bay.html 3 Montoya D, 2015, NSW Parliamentary Research Service, p.18, accessed 25/11/21, https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/researchpapers/Documents/pollution-in-sydney-harbour-sewage-toxic-chemica/Pollution%20in%20Sydney%20Harbour.pdf

WATER QUALITY3

1m contours AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

In what ways can we Reimagine what connection to ‘nature’ looks like in the Bay’s precinct, as it transitions from a working port to space of dwelling and public interaction?

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

LARGER URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM EXISTING VIEW CORRIDORS - LONG VIEWS

LEGEND Significant structures in view

Obstructions of view

Site

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

B AY S W E S T C O N T E X T

Best location for residential buildings as the topography already blocks long views

STRUCTURE PLAN - T1 Glebe Island must remain low rise and vegetated to retain those long views

Increased area for rewilding increasing biodiversity and minimising urban heat island effect

CEMENT AUSTRALIA Provide over 50% of Sydney’s cement requirments2

ROZELLE PARKLANDS (2023) White Bay Power Station can become an indoor sport centre to connect to the proposed sport fields1

Boatyards and Marina kept to service existing industry

BAYS WEST PRECINCT LEGEND Rewilded Areas

1 O’Sullivan M, 2020, Sydney Morning Herald, accessed 12/10/21, https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/sydney-s-newest-inner-city-park-to-feature-much-needed-sporting-fields-20200803-p55hx4.html 2 Unknown, 2020, Cement Australia, accessed 12/10/21, https://www.cementaustralia.com.au/Glebe

Residential

Industrial

Sports Recreation

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

ABIDING EVENTS

TIME PRINCIPLES

0-2 years

2-20 years

STAGE 1

STAGE 2

20-50 years

50-100 years

HIGH

1. Retain Long Views Retain long views in future

2. Strengthen Existing Vegetation Achieve at least 70% coverage of site

3. Remediate Polluted Soils

Achieve at least 70% remediation before strengthening of SCDSF

4. Naturalise Waters Edge

Reinstating the edge that existed before the colonial intervention on site

LOW

Excavate and Break

Remediate and wait

STAGE 3

Rewild and connect

STAGE 4

Urban Forest

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

ABIDING EVENTS

RETAIN LONG VIEWS

TIME

0-2 years

2-20 years

20-50 years

50-100 years

HIGH Vegetation is maintained to continue these views

STAGE 3 Rewild and connect

STAGE 4 Urban Forest

VISIBILITY

Site is opened to public and so is the new Bays Metro in 20282

Viewing platforms introduced to continue/ improve views over new vegetation

Site is closed for Phytoremediation process Rozelle Parklands is opened in 20231

LOW

STAGE 1 Excavate and Break

1 O’Sullivan M, 2020, Sydney Morning Herald, accessed 12/10/21, https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/sydney-s-newest-inner-city-park-to-feature-much-needed-sporting-fields-20200803-p55hx4.html 2 Sydney Metro, 2021, NSW Government, accessed 12/10/21, https://www.sydneymetro.info/west/project-overview

STAGE 2 Remediate and wait

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

ABIDING EVENTS

STRENGTHEN EXISTING VEGETATION

TIME

0-2 years

2-20 years

20-50 years

HIGH

50-100 years 70% canopy coverage of the site is reached

COVERAGE

SCDSF is planted after desired 70% remediation of soils

Harvesting of the plants occur every year for 20 years to reach target1

The phytoremediation plants are planted in the corresponding polluted soils

LOW

STAGE 1 Excavate and Break

1 Power Plants Report, 2019, Landcom, p.15, accessed 18/11/21, https://www.landcom.com.au/assets/Uploads/5d759e5c81/power-plants-report.pdf

STAGE 2 Remediate and wait

STAGE 3 Rewild and connect

STAGE 4 Urban Forest

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

ABIDING EVENTS

REMEDIATE POLLUTED SOILS

TIME

0-2 years

2-20 years

20-50 years

HIGH

50-100 years

Soils have remediated above 90% Some toxicity remains in soil but is still remediated by remaining phyto plants

REMEDIATION

Soils reach 70% remediation by end of stage

The phytoremediation process has begun and toxic soil is cleaned for mangrove introduction

LOW

STAGE 1 Excavate and Break

STAGE 2 Remediate and wait

STAGE 3 Rewild and connect

STAGE 4 Urban Forest

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

ABIDING EVENTS

NATURALISE WATERS EDGE

TIME

0-2 years

2-20 years

20-50 years

50-100 years

NATURAL

Sea level rise of 300mm over 100 years has only pushed back each zone2

EDGE

Intertidal zone well established maturing only 9 months after planting1

Edge is excavated partially back to old waters edge before industrial use

Mangroves and salt marsh planted and maintained

HARD

STAGE 1 Excavate and Break

1 Climate Watch, 2021, NSW Government, accessed 12/10/21, https://www.climatewatch.org.au/species/plants/grey-mangrove 2 Lindsey R, 2021, Climate.gov, accessed 24/11/21, https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-sea-level

STAGE 2 Remediate and wait

STAGE 3 Rewild and connect

STAGE 4 Urban Forest

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

STAGE 1 - Excavate and Break (0-2 years) Key Moves: 1. Concrete slab is broken up and retained for metro location and for entry points to site 2. Excavation to a depth of 5m and then replaced on a slope with mixed washed soil and new sediment for mangroves and salt marsh 3. Existing SCDSF vegetation retained and planted in areas that have no recorded pollutants.

2

4. Phytoremediation process has begun with the planting of specialised plants according to pollutants in the ground 5. Connection option to Rozelle Parklands completed in 20231

1

6. Tunnel excavated to connect to boatyards

4

6 3 Long Views: Obstructed Canopy Coverage: 15% Remediation of Soils: 5% Naturalisation: Soil prep

5

LEGEND Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forest (SCDSF)

1:10000 @A3

Meadow Mix

Field Mustard, Pig Face, Marigolds Starfire, Red Clover

1 O’Sullivan M, 2020, Sydney Morning Herald, accessed 12/10/21, https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/sydney-s-newest-inner-city-park-to-feature-much-needed-sporting-fields-20200803-p55hx4.html 2 Bays Precinct Background Paper, 2012, NSW Government, accessed 25/11/21, https://thebayssydney.nsw.gov.au/assets/Document-Library/Bays-Precinct-Taskforce-Documents-2010-2012/2012-The-Bays-Precinct-Background-Paper.pdf

Sorghum plant

Remaining ground plane

1860 Edge2

Today’s edge

Fence

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

Excavate and Break - STAGE 1

PHYTOREMEDIATION PROCESS2

EAST-WEST SECTION 1:500 @ A3

1 Environmentally Friendly Seawalls Guide, 2012, p.27, NSW Government, accessed 7/11/2021, https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Water/Coasts/environmentally-friendly-seawalls-090328.pdf 2 Power Plants Phytoremediation, 2019, Landcom, accessed 7/11/21, https://powerplantsphytoremediation.com/performance_nl

Point1

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

Chimneys act as a way-finder

Entry is underneath road

Fenced off with signs

ROZELLE PARKLANDS ENTRY PERSPECTIVE

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

Cement Australia Silos with Anzac Bridge behind

Entry opening into site, off the road, to get a glimpse of site

Pedestrian walkway introduced for new entry

BALMAIN ENTRY PERSPECTIVE

Nature strips hollowed and filled with soil to allow for successional ecology such as Cenchrus setaceus

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

STAGE 2 - Remediate and Wait (2-20 years) Key Moves: 1. The Bays Metro Station comes into the site in 2028 providing activity to the site1 2. Refuge seating in nodes along boardwalk with varying path network based off entry and Metro location/s 3. 1 area of phytoremediation plants harvested every 1 year. A festival called Harvest Fest occurs in these areas as the plants grow back

4

4. Mangroves and salt marsh planted and maintained

1

3

2

Long Views: Improved Canopy Coverage: 25% Remediation of Soils: 70% Naturalisation: Seeding/Maintenance of Mangroves and Salt marsh

LEGEND Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forest (SCDSF)

1:10000 @A3

Meadow Mix

1 Sydney Metro, 2021, NSW Government, accessed 12/10/21, https://www.sydneymetro.info/west/project-overview

Field Mustard, Pig Face, Marigolds Starfire, Red Clover

Sorghum plant

Cenchrus setaceus

Remaining ground plane

Mangroves

Salt marsh

Market stall

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

Remediate and Wait - STAGE 2 COMPOSTED

COMPACTED DRIED THERMALLY DECOMPOSED

20 x PYTOEXTRACTION PROCESS1

MIN HEIGHT 300mm ABOVE GROUND

EAST-WEST SECTION 1:500 @ A3

1 Suman J, Uhlik O, Viktorova J, Macek T, 2018, Frontiers, accessed 26/11/21, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2018.01476/full#h4

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

P L A N T I N G & M AT E R I A L S PA L E T T E

Avicennia marina (Grey Mangrove) Avicennia marina (Field Mustard), Carpobrotus (Pig Face), Tagetes tenuifolia (Marigolds Starfire), Trifolium pratense (Red Clover)3

Recycled Plastic Grated Boardwalk

Used on nature walks such as at the Royal National Park

Salt marsh

4 1

Including: - Baumea juncea (Bare Twig-rush) - Triglochin striata (Streaked Arrowgrass) - Samolus repens (Creeping Brookweed)2

Cenchrus setaceus (Native Fountain Grass)

Meadow Mix

Including: - Helianthus annuus (Sunflower) - Medicago sativa (Lucerne) - Nigella arvensis (Wild Fennel)4

2

3

Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forest

Including: - Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarina Tree) - Ceratopetalum gummiferum (Christmas Bush) - Leptospermum trinervium (Flaky-barked teatree)1

Recycled Brick Seating

From piles left on site near the White Bay Power Station

Design Details:

DETAILED PLAN 1:20000 @ A3

Sorghum bicolor (Sorghum)3

POLLUTANTS Heavy metals, TPH/VOCs, PAHs, OCPs, herbicides, PCBs, ASS and ground gases

Dioxins

Nitrates3

1Office of Environment & Heritage, 2021, NSW Government, accessed 18/11/21, https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/threatenedspeciesapp/VegClass.aspx?vegClassName=Sydney%20Coastal%20Dry%20Sclerophyll%20Forests 2 Office of Environment & Heritage, 2021, NSW Government, accessed 18/11/21, https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/threatenedspeciesapp/profile.aspx?id=10866 3 Power Plants Phytoremediation, 2019, Landcom, accessed 18/11/21, https://powerplantsphytoremediation.com/performance_nl 4 Power Plants Report, 2019, Landcom, accessed 18/11/21, https://www.landcom.com.au/assets/Uploads/5d759e5c81/power-plants-report.pdf

1. Goat tracks created by users 2. Markets on main walkway to not detract from experience or flow 3. Larger breakout space used for live music performances during Harvest Fest 4. Metro space reminiscent of existing site

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

HARVEST FEST IN ACTION

POSTER

MODEL PERSPECTIVE OF HARVEST FEST

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

STAGE 3 - Rewild and Connect (20-50 years) Key Moves: 1. SCDSF introduced in areas that have been remediated by 70% and Phyto plants removed.

2. Areas that had possible asbestos in the soil are left to not disturb the soil 3. Mangroves are succeeding 4. Viewing platforms were added to uphold long views over canopy

3

5. Through test drilling a second concrete slab was found being 300mm under the White Bay Power Station so the phyto plants were retained1

1

5

2

4

Long Views: Retained Canopy Coverage: 50% Remediation of Soils: 85% Naturalisation: Established Vegetation LEGEND Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forest (SCDSF)

1:10000 @A3

Meadow Mix

1 Power Plants Phytoremediation, 2019, Landcom, accessed 12/10/21, https://powerplantsphytoremediation.com/performance_nl

Field Mustard, Pig Face, Marigolds Starfire, Red Clover

Sorghum plant

Cenchrus setaceus

Remaining ground plane

Mangroves

Salt marsh

Viewing Platform AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

MIN LOW TIDE

MEAN LOW TIDE

MEAN HIGH TIDE

MAX HIGH TIDE

Rewild and Connect - STAGE 3 PNEUMATOPHORE

Decrease in size due to salinity in soil

105mg/L salt

CABLE ROOT

Salt water = 35mg/L

A

N

CH O

R

RO

O T

NUTRITIVE ROOTS

SCDSF

SALT MARSH

GREY MANGROVES

MUD FLATS

MANGROVE DETAIL2 Viewing Platform

SOLAR PANELS

1 light requires 2-17watts 1m2 = 170 watts 25m2 = Area of Viewing Platform Area provides = 17 000 watts 1000 lights1

Concrete slab 300mm under White Bay Power Station

Solar Panels

Covered

Experience of walking over the water and in the mangroves

Open seating area

New sediment for sensitive mangal zone

EAST-WEST SECTION 1:500 @ A3

1 Power Plants Phytoremediation, 2019, Landcom, accessed 12/10/21, https://powerplantsphytoremediation.com/performance_nl 2 Year 9 high school teacher: Ms Rhoades

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

SITE EXPERIENCES

PROSPECT

REFUGE

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

MYSTERY

RISK/PERIL

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

STAGE 4 - Urban Forest (50-100 years) Key Moves: 1. SCDSF and Grey Mangroves canopy coverage reaches 70% with the rest of the site vegetated by the phyto plants 2. Through maintenance, as the sea level rises a process of invasion and succession occurs with the different vegetation communities.

300mm rise in 100 years1 1m remains until Metro floods

2

1

Long Views: Retained Canopy Coverage: 90% Remediation of Soils: 95% Naturalisation: Successful 1:10000 @A3

LEGEND Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forest (SCDSF)

Meadow Mix

1 Lindsey R, 2021, Climate.gov, accessed 12/10/21, https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-sea-level

Field Mustard, Pig Face, Marigolds Starfire, Red Clover

Sorghum plant

Cenchrus setaceus

Remaining ground plane

Mangroves

Salt marsh AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

Urban Forest - STAGE 4

2021 15%

2121 90%

CANOPY COVERAGE OVERTIME Introduction of Climber Paths and vegetation height are maintained half-yearly for surveillance

Hedera helix (Common Ivy) transplanted from site

EAST-WEST SECTION 1:500 @ A3

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

CPTED

Key Moves: 1. Warm hue lighting to not affect fauna1 2. Main walkways lit to let fauna rest with no human interaction 3. White Bay Power Station recreation centre has competitions that run at night time 4. Metro seating left unlit to enjoy city lights like at Berrys Bay Lookout above Carradah Park

4

3

5. Refuge Areas can be seen from Western Distributor

2 1 5

LIGHTING PLAN

• Lighting points to ground to not interfere with bats and birds • Multiple exit points from refuge areas • Security patrols the walkways at night

DAY PERSPECTIVE 1 Week 4 Astrid Huwald CPTED lecture

NIGHT PERSPECTIVE

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

USERS

Mud Crab • •

Lives between roots of the Grey Mangroves Eats biofilm that comes from fallen detritus from mangroves1

Latham’s Snipe

• •

Prefers hiding in the reeds of the Salt Marsh or on the mud flats.

Migratory bird that comes to Sydney from Japan for the summer1

Humans • •

Reside in refuge areas as it provides stress release Partake in physical exercise at the indoor sports facility as it releases endorphins

Sea Hare • •

Resides in inlet in the wall for the metro This space provides a habitat for them where they would normally not reside2

Native Bees •

Love the Phytoremediation Plants as most of them have bright flowers with pollen

Scarlet Honeyeater •

HABITAT COMMUNITIES

•

Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forest (SCDSF)

Grey Mangroves

Existing Grasses

Aquatic Environment

1 Smith G, 2020, Royal Botanic Gardens, accessed 25/11/21, https://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/stories/2020/sydney-s-spring-bird-migration-is-here 2 Environmentally Friendly Seawalls Guide, 2012, p.27, NSW Government, accessed 7/11/2021, https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Water/Coasts/environmentally-friendly-seawalls-090328.pdf Source of Images: Google Images

Salt Marsh

Phytoremediation Plants

Prefers Woodland areas with trees such as Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarina Tree) Migratory bird that comes to Sydney in the spring1

Leisure Areas

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

SITE EDGES BALMAIN

Key Moves: - Continue mangal zone cut into concrete fill - Open residential buildings as explored in T11 - Green bridge connection to vegetation in Balmain

Balmain example from T21

GLEBE ISLAND

Key Moves: - Extend mangal zone following 1860 edge1 - Change Cement Australia port to Pyrmont side - Connect SCDSF to Pyrmont through Glebe Bridge

ROZELLE

Key Moves: - Connection to Rozelle Parklands sporting facilities - Retain boatyards industry - Road access to Cement Australia

PROGRAM Mangal Zone

5 Bays Precinct Background Paper, 2012, NSW Government, accessed 25/11/21, https://thebayssydney.nsw.gov.au/assets/Document-Library/Bays-Precinct-Taskforce-Documents-2010-2012/2012-The-Bays-Precinct-Background-Paper.pdf 6 Masterplan produced by Michael Gock in T2 7 Group work with Hamzah Mulla, Ankit Raichurkar, Andrew Huynh, Leo Kim

Green path network

Industry

Residential

Sport Recreation

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

FUTURE OF URBAN FORESTS GREATER SYDNEY

GREENING SYDNEY Plan for minimum of 27% tree canopy by 20502

Forested Areas

New parks, dilapidated industrial sites and Metro sites will be where urban forests can be planted Between 40 000 and 80 000 contaminated sites in Australia. $300 million is spent on managing and remediating them of which $10 million is spent on bioremediation1

1 Greening Sydney Strategy, 2021, City of Sydney, accessed 26/11/21, https://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/strategies-action-plans/greening-sydney-strategy 2 Power Plants Report, 2019, Landcom, accessed 18/11/21, https://www.landcom.com.au/assets/Uploads/5d759e5c81/power-plants-report.pdf

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

B AY S W E S T E X A M P L E

NATURE OF THE SPACE

PROSPECT

RETAIN LONG VIEWS

REFUGE

STRENGTHEN EXISTING VEGETATION

MYSTERY

RISK/PERIL

REMEDIATE POLLUTED SOILS

NATURALISE WATERS EDGE

BIOPHILIC DESIGN PRINCIPLES

BIOPHILIC DESIGN PRINCIPLES USED TO GUIDE PHYTO-REGENERATION PROCESS

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK

THANK YOU

AMALGA-NATURE / z5209117 / MICHAEL GOCK