Landform Garden

School of Built Environment Faculty of Arts, Design and Architecture

LAND7313 Capstone Studio 2 Assessment 3: Final Design Report

Landform Garden Lusty Street Reserve

Rutwik Deepak Gadgil z5289479

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Vision and Design Statement

A Communal Landform Garden to promote mental and physical well-being by experiencing equipment-free play and nature engagement.

Lusty Street Reserve is an existing public resreation space, but is currently devoid of any human activity. My vision to recognise the full potential of the site is to develop the vacant space into an engaging community space that connects directly to Wolli Creek Station by an underground passageway and to Cooks River Walk across Wolli Creek utilising the existing sewage aquaduct infrastructure.

Public and semi-public spaces, artistic sculptures, architectural follies will be incorporated in the design of this community park to create a heirarchy of experiences to take back home. This landform garden will mark the entrance to the Bardwell Parklands and Wolli Creek Green Grid Corridor.

Wavefield by Maya Lin University of Michigan North Campus

Native Planting, use of Local Materials, Landforms that generate and break Visual and Physical Connections, Dog-Friendly Park, Clear Wayfinding, Lowlit but Safe Spaces during night-time.

Teardrop Park by Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates Battery Park City, New York

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CHAPTER I

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Context

Lusty Street Reserve

Key Locations Site - Lusty Street Reserve

Train Tracks

Parks and Public Recreation

Train Stations

Mixed Use

422 Bus Route

Neighbourhood Centre

473 Bus Route

Turrella Train Station Wolli Creek Train Station

Bardwell Park Train Station

Local Centre Light Industrial Bexley North Train Station

Arncliffe Train Station

Banksia Train Station

N Not to Scale

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Context

NSW Government Historic Imagery Viewer and NEARMaps

Site Boundary Subsequent changes in built environment Subsequent changes in vegetation communities and canopy cover

1943 Farmlands along Wolli Creek produce food and sell fresh product at a farmer’s market across Wolli Creek. However, street network is also established for existing houses and for future growth.

1943

1971

2005

2021

1971 60% of site area was converted to industrial use, 15% consists of the sewage aqueduct, and remaining 25% is green open space. Mangrove growth is observed along Wolli Creek.

2005 Industrial area to the SE of the site was converted to high-rise residential, freeing up space for green infrastructure.

2021 Current condition of site and surroundings.

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Context

Site Area Analysis and Flora and Fauna

Recorded Fauna species

Rockdale Biodiversity Strategy Volume 1 and 2.

N

Golden Whistlers

Silver Eye

Pipits

Noisy Miner

Superb Fairy Wrens

Australian Thornbills

Green & Golden Bell Frog

Australian Microbat

Grey Headed Flying Fox

Not to Scale

Recorded Flora species Site Visit conducted by Author

Open Area

Abandoned Plinths

Sewage Aquaduct

Impermeable to Permeable Surface Ratio

Existing Built Mass

Vegetation Cover

Roads

Shaded Area to Open Area Ratio

Selected Site Area

Grey Mangroves

Eucalyptus species

Casuarina equisetifolia

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Context

Site Flood Analysis

Recorded Historical Flooding

Bayside Council 2019. Bardwell Creek 2D Flood Study Review - Vol. 2 FIGURE F7

Q_Embankme

900m

m

HOTSPOT 6 SWSOOS, TURRELLA STREET PEAK FLOOD DEPTHS AND LEVELS 1% AEP EVENT

Line

750 mm

Airport & South Railway

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Depth (m) 0.15 - 0.25

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Street Flooding

25

50

100 Meters

Flood water flows into the site from under the archway of the aqueduct’s built mass

Water flows in from under the sewage aquaduct, and is retained due to topography

FIGURE F8

HOTSPOT 7 LUSTY STREET PEAK FLOOD DEPTHS AND LEVELS 1% AEP EVENT

900m

m

Airport & South Railway Line

N

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600m

Not to Scale

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Pipes Major Contour (1 m Interval) Minor Contour (0.5 m Interval)

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Area to address while designing site

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• Flood water enters the site from under the railway tracks and from before the railway mound starts, which is as shown in the image.

• Intervention like flood wall and/or a well designed stormwater system is required to cater to this large quantity of water.

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low

! (

100 Meters

! (

Street Flooding

Needs more impervious surfaces and well designed stormwater drainage

Flood water retention

Retention only due to impervious surface, which can be avoided by design interventions

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Context

Site Topography Analysis LEGEND: 10% Slope 20% Slope 40% Slope 50% Slope 60% Slope 75% Slope Slope exceeding 75%

Wolli Cre ek

Surface Water Area to address while designing

W ol li

Cr ee

k

Tr a

in

Li

ne

Turrella Train Line

• 80% of the site is gently sloping with a slope of 10% or less.

• Balance 20% is where the mound is located which is an extension to the sewage aqueduct.

• The mound seamlessly merges with the surrounding terrain but has a slope of 75% to some areas with a more than 100% slope.

• This creates a barrier on the eastern side of the site, similar to how the mound on which the train line runs in the north.

• Slope across the train line is in northern direction towards Wolli Creek, where excess surface water merges with Wolli Creek.

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Context

Edge Conditions LEGEND: Site Boundary Street Residential (Passive) Mounds Sewage Aquaduct

• Edges with residences need to be carefully resolved to avoid peeping.

• Street edges need to be carefully resolved to avoid accidents.

N

0

20

40

80M

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Context Master Plan

Legend: Wolli Creek The sewage aquaduct has served as an integrated system for Sydney and its suburbs since 1895 and is still in use. It is the only direct connection to biodiversity rich mangroves along Wolli Creek across the train tracks.

Mangrove Vegetation On-site Canopy Cover Single Dwelling Residential

C

High-rise Residential Roadways Selected Site

Waterworth Park

Contours Train Tracks

Wolli Creek

Mangrove Vegetation

Wolli Creek Station

Train Tracks to Wolli Creek, Arncliffe and south.

B N A 0

20

40

(1:2000) High-density low-rise residential units

Integricare Turrella Long Day Care Centre for children

High-density high-rise residential complex

Protected Mangrove Forest demarcated for conservation strategies

Train Tracks to Turrella North, Bardwell Park and south.

80M

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Context

Schematic Site Sections

Section A

Section B

Section C

High-rise residential

Day Care Centre

Sewage Aqueduct Mound

Industrial Block

Eucalyptus in Lusty Street Reserve

Train Line

Lusty Street Reserve

High-rise residential

Sewage Aqueduct Mound

Protected Mangrove Area

Lusty Street Reserve

Wolli Creek

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Context

Existing Site Condition Images

1. Graffiti on the eastern side due to low surveillance of the space.

2. Brick structure with segmental arch supports that can be a design highlight.

3. Narrow connection for people across train tracks through this tunnel.

4. Brick structure as support for sewage pipes with a conneciton to the site.

5. Mature Eucalyptus trees in one line create shade as well as a feature.

6. G+5 apartment blocks that overlook the site and Wolli Creek.

7. Well-designed street infrastructure leading to the site.

8. Day Care Centre that provides play equipment, but not nature play.

9. Public play equipment just outside Day Care Centre boundaries.

Image 1

Image 2

Image 3

Image 4

Image 5

Image 6

Image 7

Image 8

Image 9

Context

Wolli Creek and Bonar Street Precincts Urban Renewal Area Contributions Plan 2019

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CHAPTER II

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Precedents Wavefield by Maya Lin

Guadalupe River Park by George Hargreaves

University of Michigan North Campus, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

San Jose, California, USA

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Precedents Garden of Cosmic Speculation by Charles Jencks

Orpheus by Kim Wilkie

Portrack House, in Dumfriesshire, Scotland

Boughton House, Northamptonshire, London

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CHAPTER III

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Design

Key Principles and Strategies

Provide recreational opportunities that connect to Wolli Creek

Provide a sequence of enhanced visual experiences throughout the site

Flood Mitigation and Stormwater Drainage Infrastructure

Strategies

Strategies

Strategies

1. Connect people to the mangroves and across Wolli Creek via a tunnel from under the train infrastructure.

2. Provide education and recreational opportunities, sustainability and ecology related lessons, nature-based activities for all.

3. Utilise renewable energy sources to create a safe environment for the local community and visitors during nights.

4. Utilise abstract sculptural landform to stimulate a variety of recreational responses.

1. Create a plant palette that stimulates a positive visual experience.

2. Plant species that enhance your visual experience (e.g., flowering and coloured leaf shrubs.)

3. Planting species that enhance your auditory experience. (e.g., creaking bamboo, whistling tree)

1. Provide flood protection by utilising landform design and flood retention walls.

2. Implementation of underground drainage, bioswale, rainwater harvesting trap and other strategies to prevent property damage.

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Design Strategies

LEGEND: Site Boundary Protection Intervention Constraints Future Development Pedestrian Shared pedestrian, vehicular road

Train Tracks Underground connection to Wolli Creek Station

N

0

20

40

80M

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Design Site Zoning

LEGEND: Site Boundary Train Tracks Future Development Movement Pause-Points

Landformed Area Landform Concept Day Care Area

N

0

20

40

80M

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Design Master Plan

LEGEND: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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Landform Garden Shaded recreation Entrance 1 Entrance 2 Public equipment for recreation 6. Spillout space 7. Heritage structure 8. Flood Walls 9. Day Care Centre 10. Wolli Creek 11. Protected Mangrove Area 12. Bridge across Wolli Creek 13. Widened tunnel 14. Future Expansion 15. WOONERF inspired new street infrastructure

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11 13 8

7

1

6 15

3 5

14 N

2

9 8

4 0

15

30

60M

e

,

e ot d

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Illustration of traditional landowners of Wolli Creek

Pemulwuy – the leader

Pedestrian and Vehicular shared road in Green Square

Pedestrian and Vehicular shared road in Green Square

The Bidjigal clan is inseparable from its leader Pemulwuy (a name derived from ‘bimul’ meaning ‘earth’) who, in December 1790, ambushed and fatally speared Governor Phillip’s game hunter, John McEntire.

Samuel John Neeles’ engraving of ‘Pimbloy’ is the only known image of Pemulwuy. ‘The resemblance is thought to be striking by those who have seen him,’ wrote James Grant, captain of the sloop Lady Nelson.

Pemulwuy became a formidable resistance leader. In 1797, following a battle in Parramatta, Pedestrian and Vehicular shared road in Zetland he escaped after having been filled with buckshot and was described as one that ‘No gun or pistol can kill’. Governor King outlawed Pemulwuy in 1801, offering spirits and other rewards for his capture ‘dead or alive’.

Pemulwuy was shot dead on 2 June 1802.

Pedestrian and Vehicular shared road in Zetland

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Design

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Detail Plan - Landform

N

0

4

8

16M

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

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Design

Detail Plan - Access Points

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

N

0

2

4

8M

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK S

Design Sketches

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Design

Planting Proposal

Planting for site is proposed with 80% Australian Native Species and balance ornamental non-native species for varied visual experiences, planted according to their solar requirements.

Callistemon salignus ‘Great Balls of Fire’

Lomandra labill.’LM600′ PBR Evergreen Baby

Agave attenuata (Fox Tail Agave)

Philodendron xanadu

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Eucalyptus robusta

Eucalyptus grandis

Pianchoneila australis (black apple)

Cassurina sp.

Spathoglottis sp. (purple orchid)

Capparis arborea

Ficus macrophylla f. columnaris

Lagerstroemia subcostata var. orientalis

Bambusa oldhamii (creeking bamboo)

Dendrocalamus latiflorus

Fuchsia magellanica

Limonium perezii

Aglaonema commutatum (philippines evergreen)

Hydrangea macrophylla

Abelia x grandiflora

Maranta leuconeura

Alternanthera brasiliana

Portea petropolitana var. extensa

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Design

Lighting Proposal

Lighting for site is proposed with both solar-powered as well as regular lighting fittings but with LED IP65 rating. Site access points will be installed with maximum fittings for visibility. The inner sections will be installed with area-lights spaced out and with a low-light feature for local habitat consideration and energy-saving.

Bollards

Area-Lights

Pole Lights

Wall Lights

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Design Time Frame

Landforms generated as a response to flooding and for recreational purposes.

Perennial and seasonal flowering species planted around the mound.

Regular maintenance, once every fortnight in summers and once every month in winters.

Maintenance of the designed landscape by pruning shrubs, irrigation, and trimming the grass over gently sloping landforms, to avoid overgrowth.

A possibility of overgrowth due to lack of maintenance of mound.

In this case, the landforms will be planted over with flowering and/ or coloured leafy species to evolve the landscapes’ visual factors.

A drastic reduction in social and physical recreational engagement.

A possibility of completely flattening the landform to create space for a standard equipment-based playground area for children, young and the elderly.

Why? Ease in maintenance of the designed landscape.

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Design

Landscape Performance

Economic Performance Benefit

Description

Method

Property Value

Change in assessed value of nearby properties. This change might occur in phases when the park is under development Can be assessed by accessing property tax collected and completed. by government.

Economic Development

Establishment of new businesses nearby and the existing businesses observe an expansion in sales.

Can be assessed by accessing sales data from each business.

Environmental Performance Benefit

Description

Method

Water Conservation

Reduction in water use associated with plant selection.

Can be assessed by checking and comparing existing water flow data with improved water flow data.

Stormwater Management

Reduction in annual volume and percent of total runoff retained on-site. Annual volume of water redirected through stormwater drainage system during flooding.

Compare annual rainfall data with stormwater drainage system data including groundwater recharge.

Energy Use

Reduction in annual energy use due to renewable sources.

Compare existing and improved energy data.

Reused and Recycled Materials

Cost-saving for reusing on-site materials. Improving environmental impact by using recycled materials for construction.

Compare labour, transport cost and carbon footprint to get an estimate.

Social Performance Benefit

Description

Method

Health and Well-Being

Improvement in mood, workplace satisfaction and quality of life.

Can be assessed by conducting a user survey of the surrounding community and visitors.

Noise Mitigation

Percent reduction in perception of undesirable noise.

Can be assessed by conducting a user survey of the surrounding community and visitors.

Recreational and Social Value

Design of landsacped space to engage visitors in recreational and social activities.

Utilisation of policies, site observations and user surveys to determine the type of activities.

Safety

Increase in perception of safety, both during the day and during night time, from people as well as wildlife.

Can be assessed by conducting a user survey of the surrounding community and visitors.

Transportation

Convenient connection to public transportation services and expansion of pedestrian and cyclist lanes to connect to the rest of the city.

Identify key linkages that were generated as a part of the project.

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Thank you

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References 1. Rockdale City Council 2014. Rockdale Biodiversity Strategy Volume 1. Prepared by Eco Logical Australia 2. Rockdale City Council 2014. Rockdale Biodiversity Strategy Volume 2. Prepared by Eco Logical Australia 3. WILSON, G. C. 2015. Uncovering the Hidden History of the Wolli Creek Valley. Sydney.

4. KIRKWOOD, N. & KENNEN, K. 2015. Phyto: Principles and Resources for Site Remediation and Landscape Design, Taylor and Francis.

5. Bayside Council 2019. Bardwell Creek 2D Flood Study Review Volume 1.

6. Bayside Council 2019. Bardwell Creek 2D Flood Study Review Volume 2.

7. Local Strategic Planning Statement 2020. A land-use vision to 2036. Prepared by Bayside Council.

8. NSW Government Historic Imagery Viewer. < https:// portal.spatial.nsw.gov.au/portal/apps/webappviewer/index. html?id=f7c215b873864d44bccddda8075238cb > 9. Bureau of Meteorology Australia. Station Number: 066037. Station Name: Sydney Airport NSW 10. Andreasens Green Wholesale Nurseries. <https://andreasensgreen. com.au> 11. ROSSI, P. D. 2021. Can Active Play Encourage Physical Literacy in Children and Young People? In: KHAN, M., BELL, S. & WOOD, J. (eds.) Place, Pedagogy and Play : Participation, Design and Research with Children (Edition 1). Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.

12. KOCHETKOVA, E. S. 2020. Horizon as a Symbolic Category in Contemporary Site-Specific Art. International Art in the 20th and 21st Centuries, 10, 576–585.

13. HERRINGTON, S. 2017. Landscape theory in design, Abindton, Oxon, Routledge.

14. M’CLOSKEY, K. 2013. Unearthed : the landscapes of Hargreaves Associates, Philadelphia, Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press.

15. PETICAN, L. 2012. The arte povera experience: Nature represented. In: CROWTHER, P. & WÜNSCHE, I. (eds.) Meanings of Abstract Art; Between Nature and Theory. 1st Edition ed. New

York: Routledge.

16. Stuart Brown: Play is more than just fun, 2008. Directed by TEDTALKS. 17. BEARDSLEY, J. 2006. Earthworks and beyond : Contemporary Art in the Landscape, New York, Abbeville Press Publishers.

18. HERRINGTON, S. & STUDTMANN, K. 1998. Landscape interventions: new directions for the design of children’s outdoor play environments. Landscape and Urban Planning, 42, 191-205.

19. arts.umich.edu. 2021. Wave Field | Arts & Culture. [online] Available at: <https://arts.umich.edu/museums-cultural-attractions/wavefield/> [Accessed 1 April 2021].

20. Smithsonian American Art Museum. 2007. The Wave Field. [online] Available at: <https://americanart.si.edu/blog/eyelevel/2007/06/1191/wave-field> [Accessed 1 April 2021].

21. en.wikipedia.org. 2021. Stokes Wave. [online] Available at: <https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes_wave> [Accessed 1 April 2021].

22. sites.google.com. n.d. Maya Lin - Eco-Friendly Art. [online] Available at: <https://sites.google.com/site/ecofriendlyart/artists/ maya-lin> [Accessed 1 April 2021].

23. Kochetkova, Ekaterina S. (2020). Horizon as a Symbolic Category in Contemporary Site-Specific Art. Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art: Collection of articles. Vol. 10. Ed: A. V. Zakharova, S. V. Maltseva, E. Iu. Staniukovich-Denisova. — Lomonosov Moscow State University / St. Petersburg: NP-Print, 2020, pp. 576–585.

ISSN 2312-2129. http://dx.doi.org/10.18688/aa200-3-51 24. Key plants used by Australian birds - Eucalyptus. <https:// mdahlem.net/birds/plant/eucalypt.php> 25. GADGIL, R. 2021. (z5289479) Being at Leisure; A study of form and space in designed landscapes that create opportunities for recreational play. LAND7311_2021 Faculty of Built Environment, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.

26. GADGIL, R. 2021. (z5289479) Poster_7311 _Gadgil R. Sculptural Landscape through Constructed Landforms. LAND7311_2021 Faculty of Built Environment, UNSW, Sydney, Australia 27. GADGIL, R. 2021. (z5289479) Precis_7311 _Gadgil R. Sculptural Landscape through Constructed Landforms. LAND7311_2021 Faculty of Built Environment, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.

28. https://www.pinterest.com.au/pin/384354149450444616/ 29. https://www.pinterest.com.au/pin/10907224087743776/ 30. https://www.pinterest.com.au/pin/36239971987533257/ 31. https://www.pinterest.com.au/pin/504403227016723823/ 32. https://www.pinterest.com.au/pin/57420963985457459/ 33. https://www.suncalc.org/#/33.9292,151.1487,16/2021.01.21/13:19/1/3 34. http://www.michaelmercil.com/teardrop-park 35. http://thoughtsfromasketchbook.blogspot.com/2011/08/orpheusat-boughton-house-gardens.html 36. Andreasens Green Wholesale Nurseries 37. Wolli Creek Preservation Society 38. https://www.bega.com/en/