Kelp! I'm Drowning! by UNSWBE

Artwork by Nicole Berlach

www.nicoleberlach.com

Shirelle Altona z5206930

kelp im drowning

UNSW BA LARCH Portfolio GRADUATION STUDIO

A strategy of evolving resilience to sea level rise by integrating aquaculture into the public realm

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

KELP! I’M DROWNING!

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

Acknowledgment of Country

We acknowledge the traditional custodians of the lands + waters of the site which this project is based, the Gadigal Wangal Peoples. We pay our respect to the elders both in the past and present. We also extend our respects to Aboriginal + Torres Strait Islander Peoples here today, and emerging. We acknowledge the spirits + ancestors and pay tribute to their resilience and continuing connection to the land, water, culture + community.

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

introduction 7 aquaculture in landscape architecture

project scope + objectives 10 site context + analysis site selection

theoretical framework 16

PART III / DESIGN STRATEGY

PART I / CONCEPT + ANALYSIS

CONTENTS

detailed design 56 overall phasing strategy phase 01 / cultivate phase 02 / propagate phase 03 / infiltrate

summary of design strategy 130

references 131

PART I

concept + analysis

“reproblemising urban problems”

responding to the site 18 focused site analysis

PART II / PROCESS

fundamental assets

design process 26 sea level rise as a design driver preliminary designs precedent study collage making model making

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

AQUACULTURE IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE / 01 I N T R O D U C T I O N Despite the rising interest and research in urban agriculture and food production in the city, aquaculture has been described as a “disciplinary blind spot” (Ezban, 2016).

Aquaculture the Urban/Public Realm

Aquaculture as a Cultural Asset

This is project is underpinned by the thinking of architect, landscape designer and scholar Michael Ezban, who presents a forward-thinking theorization of landscape. As he writes,

Coastal and marine environments (which our project site is both of these) are areas that are not commonly regarded as ‘landscape’ or in the way which they have been manipulated over time (Roe, 2018). However, this design investigation seeks to reveal how said environments are multi-functional and where the interactions between humans and non-human processes in order to produce or gather food or provide other ecological services, have resulted in a rich cultural heritage.

“landscapes are characterized and enriched by multispecies interdependency, performative ecologies, collaborative practices, and aesthetic experiences between humans and fish” (Ezban, 2019).

Aquaculture systems seem to change the supply and demand of food types and offers a contemporary ‘alternative’ focus of foods as to those produced by the conventional agribusiness (Roe, 2018).

They continue to contend that the coalitions of humans and marine species in the urban context, and the crossing of marine habitats/farms with infrastructure, public places and civic amenities, is preeminent to create mutually beneficial strategies (for humans and non-humans) to address pressing urban challenges that are central to contemporary landscape practice (Ezban, 2019). Therefore, this projects sets out to recover aquaculture landscapes as a mutually beneficial strategy for humans and non-humans to address contemporary, coastal urban challenges such as municipal wastewater management, storm water management, sea level rise and revitalizing urban ecologies.

Collection of several different types of shells (e.g. abalone, mussels, oysters, limpets, periwinkle, pippis) plus evidence of burning such as pieces of charcoal at midden site of the Wathaurong people along the Great Ocean Road Coast, Victoria . Image Source: Great Ocean Road Coast Committee, 2010

Although the industry of aquaculture today is instrumented with commercial competition and political maneuvering, there is a rich alternative history of food production, gathering, and consumption from marine environments that is not often told (Roe, 2018). Thus, examining landscapes through an aquaculturelandscape lens can bring alive cultural histories and help fill the gaps in knowledge relating to attachment to place, identities, and traditions around the world. As historic studies show that humans often survived in coastal areas as a result of the access to food in the marine environment when landbased food was scarce (Roe, 2018). For example, the study of Indigenous Australian Aquacultural practices through the observation of shell middens located along the Australian coast, dating back to more than

Key Themes 10,000 years ago (Roe, 2018), provides much evidence that oysters were an important part of everyday life. Also, more broadly indicates the food consumption habits and culture, the wider connection between Indigenous peoples, land, sea and resources over time (National Oceans Office, 2002). This is embodied in the Indigenous Australian perspective of the coastal and marine environment as Sea Country. The Sea Country frame of view leads us to see land and sea in a “holistic way that also includes connections to powerful and significant places” (National Oceans Office, 2002). Where the value placed to these aquaculture landscapes “encompass a wide range of cultural and spiritual matters that extend beyond economic values” (National Oceans Office, 2002). Therefore, this projects sets out to recover aquaculture as a practice with a deep history of constructing extraordinary landscapes.

Coastal Environments places where the land meets the sea Marine Environments those below mean high tide mark. Ecological Services the many and varied benefits to humans provided by the natural environment and from healthy ecosystems Coastal Urban Challenges threats to present or future human wellbeing, resulting from human-induced damage to the physical environment, originating in or borne in coastal urban areas Cultural Asset considered historically or socially significant to the community Sea Country all living things, beliefs, values, creation stories, spirits and cultural obligations associated with the sea. Seascapes food from the marine landscape

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

/ 02 PROJECT SCOPE + OBJECTIVES the deep toxic reality is that the project site sits within a context of a network of contaminated estuaries

SITE CONTEXT + ANALYSIS / 02 PROJECT SCOPE + OBJECTIVES

west harbour

CBD

ve ve co

oi ato ck co

sla

rk pa mp ic oly sy

k oc ed fiv

west harbour

The Bays Precinct is located west of the Sydney’s current CBD in the West Harbour.

1900T 3500T 7300T

...Currently Sydney Harbour (Monotoya, 2015)

of Cu of Pb of Zn

17.7

of heavy metals are discharged into Sydney Harbour through stormwater every year. (Monotoya, 2015)

92 YEARS

The time taken for particular metals to decline to two times background concentrations of heavy metals. (Monotoya, 2015)

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KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

SITE SELECTION / 02 PROJECT SCOPE + OBJECTIVES WBPS

GLEBE IS.

focus sites

the focus sites include the surrounds of WBPS and the concrete apron of glebe island

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water depth

tidal flows

contaminates

Glebe Island was selected as a focus site because with the proposed sea level rise levels with provide an unique intertidal habitat.

White Bay was selected as its open bay form and will provide consistent tidal flows and calm swell.

White Bay Power Station was selected as its can be seen as a contaminate and toxin ‘hotspot’ and a priority site for remediation.

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

OBJECTIVES / 02 PROJECT SCOPE + OBJECTIVES the united nation’s sustainable development goals have been the driving force behind the design strategy

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focus objective #1

focus objective #2

Achieving economic growth and sustainable development requires that we urgently reduce our ecological footprint by changing the way we produce and consume goods and resources with efficient management with our shared natural resources (UNDP, 2021).

Secure global net zero by midcentury and keep 1.5 degrees within reach. (UK COP 26, 2021)

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

REPROBLEMISING URBAN PROBLEMS”

“REPROBLEMISING URBAN PROBLEMS” “If we, collectively, transform... water contaminants into highly nutritious aliments, there will be fewer opportunities for unbalanced viral ecologies to exploit unsustainable food supply chains... and cause us harm.”

/ 03 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

CONSTRAINT opportunity What if site-limits become site-opportunities of regeneration?

— says Dr. Claudia Pasquero (ECOLOGIC STUDIO)

How can toxic soil and water regenerate intertidal habitats? If marine habitats and marine farming, intersect with the public realm, can they provide food, ecology, waste management, joy and beauty?

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KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

Deep Cut from West Connex to Sydney Harbour

HISTORICAL LANDFORM STUDY/ 04 RESPONDING TO THE SITE Historical Marshlands Revealed

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Deep Cut from West Connex to Sydney Harbour/ 04 RESPONDING TO THE SITE HISTORICAL LANDFORM STUDY Deep cut from Rozelle to Sydney Harbour Bridge

Source: (1). nearmap.com (2). 1. Royal Haskoning, 2017. Bank St, Pyrmont Navigation Impact Assessment. (3) iBoating Austraalia: Marine and Fishing App. (N.d). Accessed 25.07.21. Available at: http://fishing-app.gpsnauticalcharts.com/ (4). JBS&G, 2015. Site Wide Remedial Concept Plan: The Bays Precinct Urban Transformation Area. (5). Harris. G., et al., (2019). Interpretation of Bedrock Topography within theSTUDIO Port Jackson Harbour) Region usingZ5206930 Marine Seismic Reflection. ASEG Extended Abstracts, 2001:1, 1-4, DOI: 10.1071/ASEG2001ab054. LAND2413 LANDSCAPE 10(Sydney - SHIRELLE ALTONA

(HE) 1: 500 @ A0 (VE) 1: 5000 @ A0

(HE) 1: 500 @ A0 (VE) DESIGN 1: 5000 REPORT @ A0 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH

HISTORICAL LANDFORM STUDY/ 04 RESPONDING TO THE SITE

Deep Cut from Balmain East to Glebe

Deep cut from Balmain to Glebe

pop out!

pop out! pop out! pier stuctructure

sediment POTENTIAL POLLUTANTS: -heavy metals -PCBs -solvents -ground gases

orginal shoreline

fill & urban crust POTENTIAL POLLUTANTS: -heavy metals -PCBs -herbisides - ammonia

(HE) 1: 100 @ A0 (VE) 1: 200 @ A0

bed rock

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(HE) 1: 100 @ A0 (VE) 1: 200 @ A0

(HE) 1: 100 @ A0 (VE) DESIGN 1: 200 @ A0 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH REPORT

CONTAMINATION STUDY / 04 RESPONDING TO THE SITE existing conditions contaminant anaylsis

CANAL BEHIND WBPS

1. MICRO - ALGAE

WBPS

GLEBE IS.

focus sites

existing conditions algae found on site

CANAL BEHIND ALONG ROBERT ST

existing conditions “Due to elevated levels of dioxins, fish and other crustaceans caught west of the Sydney Harbour bridge should not be eaten.”

+ heavy metals PCBs solvents TPH PAHs PCBs

heavy metals PCBs herbicides ammonia dioxides nitrates phenolics MAHs absestos

sulfuric acid lead sulfide nitrogen sulfur dioxide selenium chlorunated benzemes panels potassium hydroxide

(JBS + G, 2015)

Mort bay, Sydney. Image by Author, 2021

2. MACRO - ALGAE Sargassum sp.

+pesticides WHITE BAY ELBOW

PCBs PAHs

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(Monotoya, 2015)

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

SEA LEVEL RISE STUDY / 04 RESPONDING TO THE SITE existing conditions sea level rise + rising water table

WBPS

GLEBE IS.

focus sites

04 R E S P O N D I N G T O T H E S I T E

water depth over time sea level rise modeling + increase of intertidal area

current day

1m sea level rise

2m sea level rise

3m sea level rise

historic glebe is.

contaminated fill

470m2

64 659m2

304 000m2

427 998m2

intertidal area (water depths < 3m)

fill.1 fill .2

unsaturated zone

saturated zone

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ria landform remnants

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

PART II process

26 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

SEA LEVEL RISE AS A DESIGN DRIVER / 05 DESIGN PROCESS

PRELIMINARY DESIGN IDEAS / 05 DESIGN PROCESS

water depth over time sea level rise modeling + increase of intertidal area layers over historical landform analysis

a. oyster gutter b. oyster castle c. dry reef

1m sea level rise

2m sea level rise

A. “oyster gutter”

C. “dry reef ”

B. “oyster castle”

+ Image source: Patrick’s super helpful site videos <3 LAND2413 LANDSCAPE STUDIO 10 - SHIRELLE ALTONA Z5206930

= ... LAND2413 LANDSCAPE STUDIO 10 - SHIRELLE ALTONA Z5206930

28 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

LAND2413 LANDSCAPE STUDIO 10 - SHIRELLE ALTONA Z5206930

Image source: Patrick’s super helpful site videos <3

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

PHASING DEVELOPMENT / 05 DESIGN PROCESS

SUITABLE FOR HUMANS TO ENTER WATER

SUITABLE FOR DOGS TO ENTER WATER

INTRODUCTION OF SOCIAL HOUSING COMMUNTIY & METRO SUITABLE FOR PEOPLE TO WALK , CYCLE , REST & VIEW

SEAGRASS MEADOW OYSTER REEF

SEA LEVEL RISE 1M

KELP FOREST

SEA LEVEL RISE 2M

S ION

T VEN TER

N PE I

F PI DO

L TRO ON C E

RC SOU

L AREAS

30 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

EXPAND AQUACULTURE

COMMENCE AQUACULTURE

ON OF REGIONA DESERTIFICATI

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

PHASING DEVELOPMENT / 05 DESIGN PROCESS

32 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

PHASING DEVELOPMENT / 05 DESIGN PROCESS

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

PRELIMINARY MODEL TESTING / 05 DESIGN PROCESS

edge

34 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

groves

rooms

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

DEVELOPING THE ALGAE PARK / 05 DESIGN PROCESS Form & Set Out

Landform Manipulation

a. testing landform manipulation against sea level rise b. speculating surface run-off with landform manipulation c. integrating program & harbour edge d. integrating residential + commercial development e. testing petri-dish form f. sunlight through algae, image by author. g. algae form study h. design iterations g.

36 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

DEVELOPING THE ALGAE PLAYGROUND / 05 DESIGN PROCESS

Form & Set Out

a. long section b. overall section c. detail section

38 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

DEVELOPING THE ALGAE PLAYGROUND a.

/ 05 DESIGN PROCESS Play Elements Innovatory

a. re-purposed slide tower b. monkey bars c. sea-saw d. pulley play e. ‘cluster’ f. assisted jumper g. stepping poles h. rep-urposed sea-saw

a. d. g.

40 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

ALGAE PLAYGROUND MODEL MAKING / 05 DESIGN PROCESS

42 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

ALGAE PLAYGROUND SHADE STUDY / 05 DESIGN PROCESS Shade Journey of the Algae Panel Structure

44 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

ALGAE PLAYGROUND SHADE STUDY / 05 DESIGN PROCESS Shadow of the WBPS Chimneys

46 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

ALGAE PLAYGROUND SHADE STUDY / 05 DESIGN PROCESS Making the Panels Movable to Avoid Shadow of WBPS Chimney

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

ALGAE PLAYGROUND SHADE STUDY / 05 DESIGN PROCESS Making the Panels Movable to Avoid Shadow of WBPS Chimney

48 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

SCALE STUDY / 05 DESIGN PROCESS Aquaculture Parks

purpose:

waste management

Pacific Reef Fisheries Alva Beach QLD AUS

bioremediting toxic sites

Indaver ‘Hooge Maey’ Belgium

A4F Algagarm Pataias Portugal

harvesting for cosmetic + food products

Venus Shell Bomaberry NSW AUS

Cathron Aquaculture park Nelson NZ

Pacific Biotechnology Ayr QLD AUS

Ecoduna Southern Austria

A4F Algatec Eco Business Park Lisbon Portugal

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

DEVELOPING AQUACULTURE LANDSCAPE / 05 DESIGN PROCESS a. path hierarchy b. biodiversity c. edge network d. stormwater + grey water management system

50 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

DEVELOPING AQUACULTURE LANDSCAPE / 05 DESIGN PROCESS

DEVELOPING THE GLEBE ISLAND EDGE / 05 DESIGN PROCESS

a. overall structure plan b. aquaculture beds a. a. 1m sea level rise b. 2m sea level rise c. 3m sea level rise

52 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

DEVELOPING THE GLEBE ISLAND EDGE / 05 DESIGN PROCESS coastal a

ir corrod es wire m esh gabion w alls begi n to crum ble

eps e r c e tid

sedime

nt captu

red

intertida l habita aquatic t form species colonise

ans m u h dform f n o a l e us of r t o n f e y jett opm f l o e v n e o d tructi

con

asp

ect

of l mir

and

54 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

form

env

stre

iron

ntg

munic

hen

nts

iple gr

form

furrow

ey wa

ter lin

introd

e to as

s dred

uce ke

ged in

feed

lp farm

to ‘be

ds’

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

ing

COLLAGE MAKING / 05 DESIGN PROCESS Algae Playground Configuration

56 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

COLLAGE MAKING / 05 DESIGN PROCESS Aquaculture Landscape Configuration

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

PART II

design strategy

58 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

OVERALL PHASING STRATEGY / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

SYSTEM 1.1

SYSTEM 1.2

SYSTEM 1.3

TAP INTO THE FLOW

THE FIRST HARVEST

PLOUGH THE CONCRETE

SYSTEM 2.1

SOW DELIGHT, REAP LIGHT

SYSTEM 3.1

SYSTEM 3.2

INTERCEPT THE FLOW

ENCOUNTER (your food)

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

“1m Sea Level Rise”

CULTIVATE

PROPAGATE

INFILTRATE

1m SEA LEVEL RISE

60 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

1.1 TAP INTO THE FLOW / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

SYDNEY FISH MARKET CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE 2024

A BL

T WA

H IT B AY

tap into the flow

SYSTEM 1.1 (WBPS)

SYSTEM 1.1 focus site

Artwork by Nicole Berlach

www.nicoleberlach.com

62 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

1.2 THE FIRST HARVEST / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

reSURGance of PRE COLONIZATION MARSHLANDS

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

1.2 THE FIRST HARVEST / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

BALMAIN

VICT

ORIA

HISTORIC MAR S H LAN D S

E OB

WBPS

CEMENT AUSTRALIA SILOS

G L E B E I S. HISTORIC ITHMUS

1:100 @ A1

existing GL

unsaturated zone saturated zone

surface water TH

S WE

T BU

4) AN

C B RID G

historical GL

1:500 @ A1

water table

ground water 1:500 @ A1

64 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

25m

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

25m

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

FIRST 20 YEARS OF MANAGEMENT

1.2 THE FIRST HARVEST / 06 DETAILED DESIGN berms

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

FIRST 50 20 YEARS OF MANAGEMENT

1.2 THE FIRST HARVEST / 06 DETAILED DESIGN berms sediment collected in furrow

surface run-off rainwater collects pollutants

soil mix: 50% crushed oyster shells 50% westconnex soil

furrow

66 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

berm

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

FIRST 75 YEARS OF MANAGEMENT

1.2 THE FIRST HARVEST / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

1.2 THE FIRST HARVEST / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

permeable reactive barrier

WBPS

Sydney Fish Market, 2020

American View Productions, 2016

NCCF, 2020.

mbmmllc, 2018

to White Bay

root network

68 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

Budget Dumpster, 2015

Xu et al, 2019

Fanny Bay Oysters, 2016

a. salvage used oysters, mussel + scallop shells from SFM b. wash shells c. sun cured shells to kill off any diseases (/3mths) d. crush shells e. mix shells with soil from westconnex & spread shells across focus site through community program f. shells work to bioabsorb heavy metals & contaminates g. remove contaminated soils (/year) + soil in silos h. collected soil to be processed to be made into tabby for future construction on site

Historic Pavement, n.d.

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

sediment collected in trough

crushed oyster shells filter Cu, Pb + Zinc by absorption (Xu et al, 2018)

CaCO3 leaches into sub-soil increasing the hardness of groundwater

Allocasuarina Leptospermum Banksia robor Melaleuca

crushed oyster shell substrate refuge for increased amounts of biota saturated zone

70 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

Cosmos bipinnatus

surface run-off nutrient flow

Pennisetum setaceum

FIRST 50 YEARS OF MANAGEMENT

Fallopia japonica

surface run-off rainwater collects pollutants

1.2 THE FIRST HARVEST / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

Ehrharta erecta

FIRST 20 YEARS OF MANAGEMENT

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

Nassella trichotoma

1.2 THE FIRST HARVEST / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

Liriope sp.

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

saturated zone

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

1.2 THE FIRST HARVEST / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

FIRST 50 YEARS OF MANAGEMENT phytovolatilization

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

1.2 THE FIRST HARVEST / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

FIRST 75 YEARS OF MANAGEMENT

extract

pollutant / heavy metal

permeable reactive barrier

pollutant decomposed pollutant bio-unavailable

to White Bay

WBPS

phytodegedration

decomposed

root network phytoextraction

extract temporary timber walkway to protect tree roots + set to deteriorate in 50 years

phytostumulation

decomposed

tree roots draw up groundwater + hold water in soil

saturated zone phytostabilization

72 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

lock

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

1.2 THE FIRST HARVEST / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

FIRST 75 YEARS OF MANAGEMENT

berm

to WBPS

berm

berm fallow

fallow

to White Bay

SYSTEM 1.2

the first harvest (GLEBE IS)

ground water flow

harbour water flow

permeable reactive barrier

Artwork by Nicole Berlach 74 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

1:20 @ A1 0

0.1 0.2

0.4

0.6

www.nicoleberlach.com KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

1.2 THE FIRST HARVEST / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

1.2 THE FIRST HARVEST / 06 DETAILED DESIGN THE ROLE OF MACRO - ALGAE

UTS ALGAL BIOSYSTEMS + BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH PROGRAM

W H

K AC

L TT

IT E B AY

uptake

product

1. CONTAMINANTS FROM DISCHARGE PIPES

1. RESIDUAL MACRO-ALGAE BIOMASS (RMB) HARVESTED FOR BIOPRODUCTS

(URBAN RUNOFF)

2. CONTAMINANTS FROM HARBOUR WATER (TIDES)

SYSTEM 1.2 focus site

3. SUNLIGHT RO

figure 1.

Y figure 2.

figure 3.

Artwork by Nicole Berlach

76 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

www.nicoleberlach.com KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

1.2 THE FIRST HARVEST / 06 DETAILED DESIGN nominating the discharge points

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

1.2 THE FIRST HARVEST / 06 DETAILED DESIGN falling tide

v legend

legend kelp line contaminants

bio-degradation

groundwater / harbour water exchange

s/w discharge points

kelp line contaminants s/w discharge points tidal flow

indicative s/w line Robert St Canal

rising tide

78 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

1.3 PLOUGH THE CONCRETE / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

SYSTEM 1.3 focus site

W H

A KW

IT E B AY

SYSTEM 1.3

plough the concrete (GLEBE IS)

80 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

1.3 PLOUGH THE CONCRETE / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

1.3 PLOUGH THE CONCRETE / 06 DETAILED DESIGN CURRENT SEA LEVEL

PROPOSED LANDFORM MANIPULATION CURRENT APRON EXISTING GROUND LEVEL

PROPOSED GROUND LEVEL

3M SEA LEVEL RISE CURRENT HIGH TIDE MARK

+ 3 68 0770m

FILL

CUT

FILL MIX: 20% SALVAGED FROM GLEBE IS 80% FROM SOIL GENERATED AT WBPS SITE

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79 240m

22 327m

3 CURRENT DAY

CUT SALVAGED TO CONSTRUCT GABION WALL FILL KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

1.3 PLOUGH THE CONCRETE / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

1.3 PLOUGH THE CONCRETE / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

1m SEA LEVEL RISE coastal

air corro

gabion w

des wire

alls beg

84 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

mesh

in to cru

mble

1m SEA LEVEL RISE n

eeps i

tide cr

sedime

nt capt

ured

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

1.3 PLOUGH THE CONCRETE / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

1.3 PLOUGH THE CONCRETE / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

2m SEA LEVEL RISE intertid aquatic al habitat form species colonis e

86 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

2m SEA LEVEL RISE asp

ect o mir f land co f env orm s t iro nm rengt ent h s fo ens rm ed

truct

cons

t of

en lopm

deve

ru tty fo orm ndf

f je ion o

man

f hu se o

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

1.3 PLOUGH THE CONCRETE / 06 DETAILED DESIGN munic

ipal gr

ey wa ter introd line to as f ee uce ke lp farm d ing

PHASE 1 / CULTIVATE

1.3 PLOUGH THE CONCRETE / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

3m SEA LEVEL RISE

BUILDING FACADE + URBAN EDGE

an urb

furrows

88 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

dredge

d into ‘b

eds’

form

isce

in rem

arit

m t of

ust

d e in

en ard

ibl ess s c c a pit tree

bed

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

PHASE 2 / PROPAGATE

SYSTEM 2.1

sow delight, reap light “2m Sea Level Rise”

90 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

(GLEBE IS)

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

PHASE 2 / PROPAGATE

2.1 SOW DELIGHT, REAP LIGHT / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

generating for phase 3 feed W H

C LA

T AT

PHASE 2 / PROPAGATE

2.1 SOW DELIGHT, REAP LIGHT / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

play

Y BA

IT E

B AY

lighting strategy

mircoalgae

(Cornwell. J., n.d)

Y sow delight

reap light

SYSTEM 2.1 focus site

92 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

PHASE 2 / PROPAGATE

2.1 SOW DELIGHT, REAP LIGHT / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

PROPOSED

ALGAE PARK

CONCRETE AUSTRALIA SILOS

PART OF HISTORIC ISTHMUS REVEALED

01 ies 02 amenit building

tal 03 horizon algae panels

rs tou

overall plan

PROPOSED BIO-ENERGY CENTRE

v WBPS

2.1 SOW DELIGHT, REAP LIGHT / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

ex is

MESSY BEACH

tin ge dg e

EXISTING

PHASE 2 / PROPAGATE

tower structure

shelter for parents

50m

RY T N

ENT

1:1000 @ A1

MESSY BEACH

ALGAE PARK

WBPS

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

94 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

TR Y

new contours

PHASE 2 / PROPAGATE

2.1 SOW DELIGHT, REAP LIGHT / 06 DETAILED DESIGN play equipment

set out

PHASE 2 / PROPAGATE

2.1 SOW DELIGHT, REAP LIGHT / 06 DETAILED DESIGN play equipment

set out

PROPOSED BIO-ENERGY CENTRE

ENT RY

climbable signage

jumping forest

le 01 climbab signage

04 green rooms

jumping forest

T EN

jungle vines

96 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

TR Y

PROPOSED METRO

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

PHASE 2 / PROPAGATE

2.1 SOW DELIGHT, REAP LIGHT / 06 DETAILED DESIGN play equipment

set out

PHASE 2 / PROPAGATE

2.1 SOW DELIGHT, REAP LIGHT / 06 DETAILED DESIGN play equipment

set out

98 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

03 green rooms

jungle vines

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

1. algae biomass harvested for aquaculture 4. SOLAR COLLECTOR PANELS

heat from photosynthesis captured to power lighting

horizontal panels

2. heat from photosynthesis captured to power lighting

roof frame out recycled water line

vertical panels

DRIVE TO PLAY

flow

2. deco granite in

CO2 CAPTURE WESTCONNEX EXHAUST

new fill existing fill silt, marine sediments

contaminated g/w

3. HARBOR WATER SEEPAGE 100 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

101

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

SYSTEM 3.1

intercept the flow “3m Sea Level Rise”

102 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

(WBPS)

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

103

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

3.1 INTERCEPT THE FLOW / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

3.1 INTERCEPT THE FLOW / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

‘BUISNESS AS USUAL’ 3m Sea Level Rise

W H

K AC

L TT

Y BA

T BER

AN TC

IT E B AY

SYSTEM 3.1 focus site

104 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

105

3.1 INTERCEPT THE FLOW / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE PROPOSED GROUNDWATER LEVEL - 3m SEA LEVEL RISE EXISTING GROUNDWATER LEVEL

PROPOSED STRATEGY

BIO-RETENTION LAGOON

3.1 INTERCEPT THE FLOW / 06 DETAILED DESIGN BALMAIN

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

WHITE BAY

MESSY BEACH

p pro PROPOSED BIO-ENERGY CENTRE

c ed

u nto

METRO

FILL SALVAGED FROM WEST CONNEX WORKS + PROCESSED ON SITE 106 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

107

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

3.1 INTERCEPT THE FLOW / 06 DETAILED DESIGN BALMAIN

existing WBPS canal ow fl w

cur

proposed water flow interception

c ed

u nto

3.1 INTERCEPT THE FLOW / 06 DETAILED DESIGN BALMAIN

brackish water

3 376 000 L / day

ts ren

p pro

grey water from municipal area + streets

tidal flow in + out tidal flow in + out from harbour from harbour WHITE BAY

WHITE BAY

ROBERT ST

connection to existing canal in Balmain

108 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

p pro

d se

u nto

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

109

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

3.1 INTERCEPT THE FLOW / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

3.1 INTERCEPT THE FLOW / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

stormwater run-off

flooding event

exposed belvedere

north faced woodland buffer as wind break

high water line low water line

iii.

‘messy’ beach proposed s/w bio-retention lagoon q

ts e k r

d ce

ter

ste

c on

e ret

c s rou s o p ck blo

110 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

u p

a m p

ROBERT ST

proposed ridge-line

n pic

tab

b b +

k ba

aw l g

water seepage to subsurface

s ce

a ak

ii.

roots pulling water table to surface

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

111

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

rth

3.1 INTERCEPT THE FLOW / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

rth

3.1 INTERCEPT THE FLOW / 06 DETAILED DESIGN algae growth + sunlight access

upland littoral zone: trees, shrubs, grasses + groundcovers low tidal marsh

frequently flooded / tidal flat sun

high marsh buffer

ligh

BENTHIC CRITTERS

1. Micro - Algae Growth 2. Salt Tolerant Grasses 3. Porous Concrete Block for Human Access 4. Mud flat

Cope pods

flooding event

high water line

(Potter, 2017)

low water line

Polychaetes

sun pen light etr atio n

(Australian Museum, 2019)

Nematode Worms

1:40 @ A1 0

112 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

Baumea juncea Hab. Sandy, clear water

ligh dis t per si

0.2 0.4

0.8

1.2

(Kucharski, 2018)

Juncus krassuii Hab. Sandy, brackish water KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

113

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

3.1 INTERCEPT THE FLOW / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

RETENTION

MICRO-ALGAE

SYMBIOTIC HOST

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

frequently flooded / tidal flat

leaf blade

Sarcornia quinquflora Suaeda australis Triglochin strata (Kenna Eco Diving, 2009)

3.1 INTERCEPT THE FLOW / 06 DETAILED DESIGN marine

terrestrial upland littoral zone: trees, shrubs, grasses + groundcovers low tidal marsh

Baumea juncea Juncus acutus

high marsh buffer

Selliera radicans Sporobolus virginicus isolepis nodosa Zoysia macrantha

Angophora sostata Eucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus ovata Casuarina glauca Melaleuca ericifiolia Banksia robur Westringia fruticosa Dianella caerulea Lomandra longifolia Carbrotus glaucescens

Endophytes FLOOD LINE

stablises sediment: reproductive shoot (Algae World News, 2015)

node Rhizoshphere (Benthic)

root cluster

(Cornwell. J., n.d)

114 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

(Kruczynsk & Fletcher, 2012)

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

115

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

3.1 INTERCEPT THE FLOW / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

RELEASE

terrestrial upland littoral zone: trees, shrubs, grasses + groundcovers

marine

frequently flooded / tidal flat

Sarcornia quinquflora Suaeda australis Triglochin strata

low tidal marsh

Baumea juncea Juncus acutus

high marsh buffer

Selliera radicans Sporobolus virginicus isolepis nodosa Zoysia macrantha

Angophora sostata Eucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus ovata Casuarina glauca Melaleuca ericifiolia Banksia robur Westringia fruticosa Dianella caerulea Lomandra longifolia Carbrotus glaucescens

SYSTEM 3.2

encounter (your food) crab burrows

116 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

(GLEBE IS)

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

117

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

3.2 ENCOUNTER (YOUR FOOD) / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

3.2 ENCOUNTER (YOUR FOOD) / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

encounter

SYSTEM 3.2 focus site

W H

C LA

T AT

IT E B AY

HIGH TIDE

Y LOW TIDE

118 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

119

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

3.2 ENCOUNTER (YOUR FOOD) / 06 DETAILED DESIGN IT

3.2 ENCOUNTER (YOUR FOOD) / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

multi-trophic aquaculture system

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

J O N E S BAY

generates grey water

MACRO ALGAE nutrient absorbers

harvested

existing concrete apron

MUNICIPAL GREY WATER phosphorus, nitrogen + particulate organic carbon

3m sea level rise existing high tide

uptake

excretion

SHELLFISH suspension feeders

release

BENTHIC SP. deposit feeders ingestion

excretion

ingestion

egestion egestion

120 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

recycled water

grey water

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

121

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

3.2 ENCOUNTER (YOUR FOOD) / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

circular greywater/stormwater system

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

3.2 ENCOUNTER (YOUR FOOD) / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

legend recycled water grey water street WSUD infrastructure connection line to building

in gl

lin

c cy

greywater line connected to buildings

1.3B L WASTEWATER SYDNEYWATER COLLECTS

/ Day (Montoya, 2015)

3,376 POPULATION

3,376,000L GREY WATER PROCESSED

122 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

greywater flow

/ Day

Indicative WSUD Street Design KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

123

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

3.2 ENCOUNTER (YOUR FOOD) / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

rotating system

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

legend

fallow

primary

sow

secondary

harvest

3.2 ENCOUNTER (YOUR FOOD) / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

path hierarchy

tertiary goat track

124 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

125

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

3.2 ENCOUNTER (YOUR FOOD) / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

edge network

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

3.2 ENCOUNTER (YOUR FOOD) / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

edge network

legend rock shelf jetty

grey water transporter breathing wall

126 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

04 breathing wall

greywater transporter

rock shelf

jetty

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

127

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

3.2 ENCOUNTER (YOUR FOOD) / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

edge type 01 / rock shelf

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

3.2 ENCOUNTER (YOUR FOOD) / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

edge type 02 / jetty

+ feeding opp. + protection from predators

sun pen light etra tion

+ habitat for settlement + shelter from currents

RAISED FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTIC (FRP) DECKING - TYP. PLAN SCALE 1:10 RAISED FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTIC (FRP) DECKING - TYP. PLAN SCALE 1:10

VARIES

grey water line from adjacent development

100

500

VARIES

RAISED FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTIC (FRP) DECKING - TYP. SECTION SCALE 1:10 RAISED FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTIC (FRP) DECKING - TYP. SECTION SCALE 1:10

aluminum mesh

128 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

light permeable decking

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

129

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

3.2 ENCOUNTER (YOUR FOOD) / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

edge type 03 / grey water transporter

PHASE 3 / INFILTRATE

3.2 ENCOUNTER (YOUR FOOD) / 06 DETAILED DESIGN

edge type 04 / breathing wall

tide flow

greywater flow

130 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

131

C U LTI VATE

PR O PAGATE

I N F I LTRATE

1m SEA LEVEL RISE

2m SEA LEVEL RISE

3m SEA LEVEL RISE

132 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

133

/ 08 REFERENCES

REFERENCES

JBS & G. 2015, Site Wide Remedial Concept Plan: The Bays Precinct Urban Transformation Area, accessed 10th November 2021, available at: https://thebayssydney.nsw.gov.au/ assets/Reference-Group/Bays-Precinct-SiteWide-Remedial-Concept-Plan-WEB.pdf

A heartfelt thank you for the support and contributution of:

Kruczynski. W., Fletcher P., 2012. Tropical Connections: South Florida’s marine environment. IAN Press, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, Maryland. 492 pp Montoya. D., 2015, Pollution in Sydney Harbour: sewage, toxic chemicals and microplastics. NSW Parliamentary Research Service, accessed 10th November 2021, available at: https:// www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/researchpapers/Documents/pollution-in-sydney-harboursewage-toxic-chemica/Pollution%20in%20Sydney%20Harbour.pdf Rahman. A, Miller. C. D., 2017, Chapter 6 - Microalgae as a Source of Bioplastics, Algal Green Chemistry, Elsevier, pg 121-138, ISBN 9780444637840, accessed 10th November 2021, available at https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63784-0.00006-0. Tel Aviv University, n.d. Microalgae utilization for plasticizers degradation, biofuel and plastic production: Circular Economy Concept, Water Research Centre, Tel Aviv University, accessed 10th November 2021, available at: https://en-wrc.tau.ac.il/microalgea_utilization Xu. X., Liu. X., Oh. M., Park. J., 2018, Oyster Shell as a Low-Cost Absorbent for Removing Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewater, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 28(4), pp.2949-2959. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/92941

134 KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

UNSW LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 2021 GRADUATING STUDIO CLASS, specifically... The guidance from tutors: Scott Wall, Stephanie Stankiewicz, Ben Allen, Patrick Franklyn The collaboration from peers: Caleb Wright, Isabel Peng, Louis Parsons-O’Malley, Sara Curukovska, Xiaoyu Huang, Louis Griffen, George Sherwood, Georgina Purkis, Anna McFarlane The consitent support and understanding from close family + friends. Others: Nicole Burlach- for her stunning art pieces of ‘Seaweed of Australia’ as seen on the cover and in the drawings. Simon Lloyd- for his counsel and knowledge sharing on waterway health Dr Pia Winberg - for the genoristy of her time and knowledge sharing on growing algae

KELP! I’M DROWNING! UNSW LARCH DESIGN REPORT

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