LAND 2413 Landscape Studio 10 Assessment 3: raduating Project Yue Pei Z5173509
Natural Amplifier
Scope:
Question: Is nature in the city natural?
Through this design, I hope to arouse people's attention to this topic, and I hope to cause people to think about it.
Explain: In the modern era of increasing urbanization, urban dwellers are losing their connection to nature. The urban layout also exhibits more specific areas and fragmentation of natural spaces. It has also severed the relationship between humans and nature, cutting off people's perceptions and concerns about nature and weakening their environmental awareness (Thomas 2014). Humans are losing their connection to nature, and one of the major reasons for this is the disconnection from natural spaces due to urbanization. The inevitable dominance of urban life may be exacerbating the loss of intimacy between modern humans and nature (Barlett 2008, as cited in Kim 2013). The gap between humans and the natural world is widening. Human urbanization separates humans from nature not only spatially, but also in terms of human perception (Miller 2005). Yet the paradox is that the spatial structure of the modern city layout cannot be changed on a large scale. The city needs to maintain its proper functioning, and people need well-regulated housing and efficient transportation networks. In terms of spatial structure, there is a clear separation between people and nature in the city (Miller 2005). For citizens in developed countries, contact with nature occurs primarily in the managed environment of urban parks and botanical gardens (Clayton & Myers 2015, p. 43). This layout separates "areas of human activity" from "natural areas" as two concepts. Cities cut off the relationship between people and nature. Almost all natural spaces in the city are man-made. Humans have lost the opportunity to understand nature and the ability to read it. Thus the link with the land and nature is lost. In fact, much of the angst, anxiety, and moral uncertainty of modern urban society can be traced to our loss of a strong ongoing connection to the places that help define us (Reginald 2005).
context
M
M M
M
Optional Station M
Proposed Sydney West Metro Station Proposed Sydney West Metro
M
M
CBD
Accessibility- Proposed Sydney West Metro The proposed Sydney West Metro - new underground railway will connect Greater Parramatta and the Sydney CBD, pass through and improve accessibility of The Bay precinct. The line is set to open in 2030, Integrated with the rest of Sydney’s public transport system. Reducing car dependency in inner cities. Reference: https://www.sydneymetro.info/west/project-overview
Accessibility- Existing Tram lines and stops
BALMAIN THE ROCK
GLEBE ISLAND
ROZELLE PYRMONT LILYIELD SYDNEY LEICHHARDT
Existing Inner West Tram Stop
GLEBE FOREST LODGE
Existing Inner West Tram Line
ULTIMO
CBD Bus Stop Bus Line
Reference: https://www.sydney.com.au/
Site Access/ Rodes
Site Boundary Path Existing Bus route Existing Inner West Tram Stop Cruise Ship routes Ferry route Bike lane & Low traffic street
Proposed Tram Station
Bus Stop Wharves
Climate Analysis
Reference: https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/white-bay-park_australia_8663235
Illumination analysis
Reference:https://www-gaisma-com.translate.goog/en/location/sydney-au.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en-US&_x_tr_pto=nui,sc
Wind analysis
As shown in the figure, the frequency of northeasterly and southeasterly winds is higher in White Bay year-round, followed by westerly winds.
Reference:https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/white-bay-park_australia_8663235
How Moder n City Dwellers Understand Urban Spatial Structure
Learning the Australian Aboriginal way of "reading nature 1. Positively explain nature
Question: How is nature divided by urban functions?
+ All "natural" areas in the city are artificially arranged. + All green areas in the city have a functional label +They are not truly natural
2. The ability to read nature, these are similar to building a cognitive map of their own 3. Treat nature as a whole 4. Connecting nature and culture 5. Nature and life are closely linked 6. Responsibility for nature
+ Natural spaces in cities are divided by human areas + Natural space has a supporting role in urban planning +The city is divided by functional areas +Positioning references are buildings +Classificationby the function of different buildings or areas
These two perceptions of nature are very different. We cannot change the structure of the city, but how do we change our perception of nature within the city
What does Glebe Island tell us about answering this question?
“Nature in the City" in Glebe Island Historically, this area was last filled with people who "saw its natural beauty" during the Aboriginal period.
Site History
With the recent reclamation, the area became sunburned, barren, and desolate for human services. It became lifeless and meaningless. People no longer feel the sky with their hearts.
Before colonisation in 1788, the Bays Precinct area would have comprised of mudflats and mangrove communities and Hawkesbury sandstone escarpments and woodlands
A comparison of the coastline in 1788 shows significant changes over time due to massive urbanization. As the industry gained popularity in the early 19th century, the coastline was reclaimed to create flat work surfaces to house workers. By 1890, the area was experiencing strong industrial growth to meet the needs of local industry.
Insights from the change in Glebe Island: People love nature & get involved in nature————Ignore Nature & Use Nature————Future ?
reference: Rozelle Interchange 2021,Contextual Analysis and Urban Design Objectives.Urban Design and Landscape Plan Birch R, 2007, ‘A short geological and environmental history of the Sydney estuary, Australia’, accessed 8 March 2021
“Nature in the City" in Glebe Island What natural elements are present in the existing site? Will people notice them? How will people interpret them?
3 1
Site Analysis
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There is no obvious road plan on the surface, and no obvious buildings. The view is drawn towards distant landscapes, such as the Sydney Harbour Bridge. + People are mostly concerned with their own affairs in the park, such as picnics and socializing, plus the natural space itself as a backdrop can be difficult to draw attention to, so it can simply be ignored. This is very obvious in Glebe Island.
2
The overall contour and planning of the area shows very strong traces of artificial planning in order to accommodate the building and road planning. These features exacerbate the disconnection between areas of human activity and natural areas.
The floor is poured cement, very hard and flat. The boundary lines are regular and have a strong artificial atmosphere 1
3
H o w e v e r, i f t h e r o u t e i s designed within the island, people will look for a new orientation point. If the routes and markers are designed within the site, then people will use these as a reference. This gives us an opportunity to direct people's attention to natural elements
Opportunity Which elements are most intense? What elements can be attempted to be introduced to enhance the experience of nature in the senses?
The design considers two main points. 1. the site as inspiration, maintaining the historical character of the site 2. Amplify the natural elements within the site
Sun Exposure
Lack of natural elements
Open view and more visual exposure to open nature (sea view) Closer to the water How to bring the ocean into the venue + Try amplifying the sound of the ocean +Visually focus on the seascape water play ?
+Need to add a natural element +Solve the problem of sun exposure
+The very noisy of the road and bridge. +Allows for the creation of separate spaces
It brings out the characteristics of the existing site. The "artificiality" and "unnaturalness" of the site itself is a manifestation of the fragmentation of human activity from natural areas in the city. The characteristics of the site provide inspiration
Design Concept & Timeline From the above analysis, I was inspired by the history and current situation of Glebe Island, where the areas of human activity are separated from the natural areas. The people who designed Glebe Island never gave any consideration to the natural elements of the island. There are many natural elements within the site, sky, ocean, wind, temperature, and light. However, due to the existing environment of the site, it is difficult to draw attention to these natural elements. (The design of the natural areas within the city is functional) The relationship between people and the site is changing over time. Whether or not people can see nature in the site, and whether or not they can integrate it, depends on how people define the site and how they interact with it.
So the design will revolve around the theme and timeline of "the changing relationship between people and Glebe Island". Cognitive. Pre-Colonial (Indigenous Period) ---- Colonial & Now ---- From Now On Looking at nature within Glebe Island ---- Using Glebe Island as a site for human - -Glebe Island as a site for reflecting on ‘nature in the city’ People Love Nature & Integrate Nature ---- Ignoring Nature & Using Nature ---- Rethinking Nature in the City Nature ---Observing & Integrating Nature in the City The design is also concerned with the construction of the ecosystem within Glebe Island and the future climate change of the city Focus on the overlooked natural elements of the site. Try to direct attention to the natural elements within Glebe Island Based on the existing features within Glebe Island, we inspire people to discover and feel the "relationship between people and Glebe Island" in history. This relationship is then experienced as it changes over time.
Sydney green grid
Ocean Changes
Concern for endangered birds. Petroica phoenicea
Concept Theory Reference Cognitive maps A cognitive map is any visual representation of a person's (or a group's) mental model for a given process or concept. It is a repository of individual and group information, including information about places, characteristics, and relationships
Main elements of cognitive maps: Main elements of people's spatial orientation to the city. 1. path 2. edge boundaries - functional area boundaries, neighborhood boundaries 3. domain area - functional area 4. node - an important node 5. landmark - an obvious architectural marker People recall an area with the following general characteristics. 1. recall streets 2. recall landmarks and other buildings 3. recall of visual cues such as scenery 4. logical recall of functional zones
Reference: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/cognitive-map
Learn the meaning of cognitive maps: it is the way people perceive and define the space around them. To understand how people perceive natural space and human and natural space in the city, you need to understand this concept first
Cognitive map example
Indigenous cognitive maps
Sensory Study +
If the road people walk on is placed directly in the
middle of the woods, people's attention will stay more on the road.
+ But if the areas of human activity are separated
from the natural areas and only some windows are opened between them as connections, then the situation becomes different
people will focus more on the T + Then
window, when they see the leaves in detail, rather than a cursory look past them. This is similar to giving the lens a focal length
Link
+Regular paths tend to make people feel lost, but they are also easier to immerse +The area for human activities seems regular and monotonous, only preserving the basic functions, and the light is relatively dark
+When the chaotic view is replaced by a calm wall, people will be more sensitive to use their senses to feel
Example: Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe
C Small woods
Master Plan :
Trestle woodland Small square
Concert Hall Roads
B Tunnel Steps
Green Belt Double layer garden
A
Circulation
b
c Stone Forest Tidal Caves
a Isolation zone 0
50
SCALE BAR : 1:1000
100
150
200 Parking lot
Sections Green Belt
Double layer garden
Stone Forest
Tidal Caves
Section A-a
Concert Hall
Trestle woodland
Tidal Caves
Section B-b 0 10 20 SCALE BAR : 1:500
50
100
Section Small square
Tunnel Steps
Trestle woodland
Concert Hall
Double layer garden
Section C-c 0 50 100 SCALE BAR : 1:1000
150
200
Part 1: Design for nature This site ecosystem construction Changing the analysis process that has been oriented to human needs, this design will prime the analysis of what is possible for the animals that live in the city.
Wetland Complex
Alpine Herbfields
Urban Native & Exotic Cover
Can bring more habitat for the surrounding animals Opportunity: + The Bay's natural environment and man-made architecture provide opportunities for many species to reproduce. + There are many kinds of wild animals near the city of Sydney + Common animals have adapted to the changing urban environment. + Plants will attract birds, amphibians, invertebrates, reptiles and mammals. Threaten:
Green Grid Opportunity
It can be the point that connects these Green areas Be a point in the green network
Around the site —Animal List: Australian brush turkey
Litoria aurea
Yellow dragonfly
Christmas Beetle
Bowerbirds
Litoria raniformis
Freshwater turtles
Wolf Spider
Shearwaters
Litoria castanea
Flying-Foxes
Arboreal marsupials
Purple copper butterfly
Cumberland Plain Land Snail
Opossum
Woodland birds
Design for a Animal Preferences. 1. Prefer open spaces or areas with open substrates. 2. Birds forage from low perches from which they feed or pounce on small invertebrates, which they take from the ground or from tree trunks, logs and other rough woody debris. 3. Flying insects are often taken into the air, sometimes collecting invertebrates from the leaves and bark of trees. 4. In their fall and winter habitats, birds often fly from fence posts or conspicuous perches in thistles and other open habitats. 5. occur singly, in pairs, or in flocks of up to 40 or more; during the non-breeding season, they are kept in mixed groups with other insectivorous birds. 6. breed from spring to late summer. 7. nests are usually built close to the ground in sheltered areas, such as trees, stumps, or shallow holes in river banks. 8. Construct an open cup nest with plant material and cobwebs.
vulnerable species listing
The flame robin ( Petroica phoenicea ) The flame robin ( Petroica phoenicea ) is a small passerine bird native to Australia . As a woodland bird native to Sydney, it haunts the woodlands around Glebe Island. This section will be designed with it as the main reference.
Threats faced. Removal and degradation of breeding and overwintering habitat. Reduction in structural complexity of habitat, including reduction in canopy cover, shrub cover, ground cover, logs, fallen branches, and leaf litter. Reduction of native ground cover to plant exotic grasses.
The design hopes to provide a better habitat for the flame robin and to call attention to the survival of this bird.
It acts as a territorial bird, and the Flaming Mockingbird uses song and feather displays to mark and defend its territory. Listed as Near Threatened by BirdLife International, the species has declined significantly in the last 25 years.
Reference: https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/topics/animals-and-plants/native-animals/native-animal-facts/woodland-birds https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/threatenedspeciesapp/profile.aspx?id=20129 https://datazone-birdlife-org.translate.goog/species/factsheet/flame-robin-petroica-phoenicea/details?_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en-US&_x_tr_pto=nui,op,sc
Survival conditions
Diet It feeds mainly on insects and flying insects (flies, (grasshoppers and salamanders), butterflies, wasps, ants, moths, caterpillars, spiders, earthworms, millipedes, bedbugs and beetles), nectar from eucalyptus and mistletoe species and, to a lesser extent, native and cultivated fruits.
Breeding + The breeding season is from August to January, with one or two broods reared. Males propose suitable nest sites to females by hopping around the area. A couple spends one to five days searching for a suitable site. The female builds the nest alone. + The nest is a neat, deep cup made of soft hay, moss and bark. Spider webs, feathers and fur are used for binding/stuffing, usually in forks or crevices of trees, or in cliff or riverbank ledges, usually within a few meters of the ground. Most commonly Eucalyptus pauciflora is found about 4 m above the ground, the latter more commonly on forks or branches of E. pauciflora about 7 m above the ground.
Reference: https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/topics/animals-and-plants/native-animals/native-animal-facts/woodland-birds https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/threatenedspeciesapp/profile.aspx?id=20129 https://datazone-birdlife-org.translate.goog/species/factsheet/flame-robin-petroica-phoenicea/details?_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en-US&_x_tr_pto=nui,op,sc
Plant Design Trees: Eucalyptus pauciflora, mountain ash ( E. regnans),alpine ash (E. delegatensis),manna gum (E. viminalis), messmate stringybark (E. obliqua),black gum (E. aggregata), white mountain gum (E. dalrympleana), brown barrel (E. fastigata), narrow-leaved peppermint (E. radiata), and black peppermint (E. amygdalina), Blakely's red gum (E. blakelyi),yellow box (E. melliodora), grey box (E. microcarpa),,mugga ironbark (E. sideroxylon), Banksia integrifolia (Coast Banksia), Eucalyptus piperita (Sydney Peppermint),Angophora costata(Sydney Red Gum),Pittosporum undulatum(Sweet Pittsoporum ) , Allocasuarina littoralis (Black She-Oak )
Provides roosting for birds with nectar and fruit
Shrubs Acacia longifolia (Sydney Golden Wattle ),Breynia oblongifolia (Coffee Bush), Dodonaea triquetra(Hop Bush ),Elaeocarpus reticulatus (Blueberry Ash ), Myrsine variabilis (Mutton Wood ), Notelaea longifolia(Mock Olive ), Polyscias sambucifolia (Elderberry Panax ) Ground Covers Dianella caerulea(Blue Flax Lily ), Entolasia stricta (Rightangle Grass ),Imperata cylindrica var. major (Blady Grass ), Lepidosperma laterale (Variable Sword-sedge ), Lomandra longifolia( Spiny Headed Mat Rush ), Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides (Weeping Grass ),Poa affinis(Native Tussock Grass ),Pratia purpurascens (White Root ), Pteridium esculentum(Bracken ),Themeda australis(Kangaroo Grass ) Vines and Climbers Billardiera scandens(Apple Dumplings ),Glycine clandestina (Love Creeper ),Pandorea pandorana(Wonga Wonga Vine ), Smilax glyciphylla (Native Sarsaparilla )
Provide habitat for insects Insects can again become food for birds
Part I: Double layer garden
woodland Upper Area section Trestle woodland section
Trestle woodland3D
0 50 100 SCALE BAR : 1:1000
150
200
Upper AreaSection
Water filtration & drainage system
Rocks Coarse Sand Charcoal Fine Sand
Limitations on tree height due to soil depth
1-10years
10-50years
50years +
Trestle woodland Section
9m 1m
Waterproof layer Drainage layer
Soil
Trestle
Drainage pipes
Trestle woodland 3D
One can hear the songs of flame robin and other birds
Timeline
Biodiversity
rs
rs
yea
yea
50 10
Number of birds
10y e 50y ars ear s
Vegetation denseness
10years 0
100
50years
ears y 0 5 ears 10y
Number of insects
The biodiversity of the site is increasing over time. The ecological chain centered on Petroica phoenicea is constantly improving.
Stage Plan
Year 1 (2021)
Year 10 (2031)
Year 50 (2071)
Year 100 (3021)
Part 2: Designed for people: The whole area will be divided into several main sections based on ecological construction
+ People will be able to distinguish their area by observing the plant formations according to the view "outside the window" + Each area will have a center of close contact with nature, where people can feel the humidity and temperature of the soil + I hope that the combination of a patio looking up at nature and music will provide a more unique experience for people. Reasons for designing as upper and lower levels. + The site is concrete and must be filled and modified + This allows the human activity area and the natural area not to interfere with each other. + The ecology can be undisturbed and people can see & feel the "natural landscape" in a different way
Lower area detail plan
Lounge & Seating Low wooden bridge Small rest area
Canoe Bridge (recreational facilities) Reflective ground
SCALE 1:500
Separating areas of human activity from natural areas
Sections Corridor details
Contrast When people feel like they are in a concrete box, the People will throw more attention and yearning to the nature in the crevices When all you see are trees, you focus on the house When all you see is concrete, you look for that different color, the plants It is easier to sink your mind into nature
Section
Where people should be introduced and what perspective people should have
Timeline With the growth of the biosphere
10years
50years
100years
As children grow up - people gradually create new cognitive maps TimeLine has many possibilities Could it be that people learn to observe the leaves of eucalyptus trees? Maybe it's when children learn to recognize the seasons by the smell of flowers? Maybe it's the day people notice nature again?
3D
Designing a journey: "discovering as you go"
Part II: Tidal Caves
The ocean is one of the very important natural elements of Glebe Island. The design objectives of this section are mainly to 1. amplify the marine elements in the site 2. allow people to interact with the ocean more visually and feel the changes in the ocean over time Logic diagram:
Example Section
Based on Glebe Island's natural elements as a starting point
Tidal Changes
+
Sea level rise Seawater acidification
Path Way Entrance Create a new cognitive map
0 50 100 SCALE BAR : 1:1000
150
200
Mimicking the erosion of the landscape, a stepped space is created to introduce people to the sea. If people see the ocean directly, the ocean will be connected to the rest of the complex landscape. It would then become a backdrop and people would probably ignore it. By amplifying the sensory experience, people will not see the ocean directly, but will be in direct contact with the waves, making the water the center of attention in the space. Thus, more senses are mobilized to feel the sea water, to feel the water passing through the crevices and to interact with it.
Tide and sea level change Analysis
Low and high tide intervals. 0.4-1.8m
The time of day when high tides can be seen The time of day when low tides can be seen
Sea levels are projected to rise at a faster rate during the 21st century than during the 20th century: By 2100, it is projected that the oceans will rise by a global average of 28 to 61 centimetres relative to the average level over 1986–2005 if greenhouse gas emissions are low, and by 52 to 98 centimetres if emissions are high
Reference:1. Tide : https://www.tideschart.com/Ireland/Munster/County-Cork/White-Bay/ 2.Sea Level: https://www.science.org.au/learning/general-audience/science-climate-change/6-how-are-sea-levels-changing
1
https://www.science.org.au/learning/general-audience/science-climate-change/6-how-are-sea-levels-changing
Seawater acidification can have a great impact on the marine environment. I want to show people the change of seawater acidity more visually through design I found that increasing acidity of seawater accelerates the rate of limestone erosion
Section Details on the steps
Artificial limestone
TimeLine
Stage Plan With the passage of time, the sea level is gradually rising. In the coming century, there is a possibility that the sea may rise by about 0.5-1 meter. There will be small algae organisms attached to the rocks
High tide Average
Now
Low tide Now
High tide Average Low tide
10years
50years
High tide Average Low tide 50years 100years
During this 100-year period, the limestone erodes as the sea washes away and the acidity of the water increases. This allows for a more visual representation of the changes in the ocean
100years
3D The waves of the sea are reflected on the wall
Emotional ocean experience area
The echo of the waves will be amplified here
Different weather
Rainy and foggy days
Night View
Part III: Stone Forest This part is a rocky forest in which people can wander through at will.
The regular shaped square stone steps, cut from Hawkesbury sandstone, which is also the original rock type of Glebe Island
Entrance
Hawkesbury sandstone
Entrance
However, the part of the "stone forest" that looks like natural rock is made of cement.
Cement
Entrance Entrance
This "ironic" design is an expression of the destruction of the natural environment of the site by the demands of development in the history of Glebe Island. People are used to concrete pavement on top of the natural ground. The reversal of this part of the design visually expresses the "neglected nature in the city".
3D
Modle
Part IV: Small Square
Trees in the city are often referred to as "shade trees" by default. In this section of the design, the importance of trees in the city is emphasized through two different types of woods.
Fake trees that bring shade
Rest area
3D