PROJECT: on dual quality of food Ljubljana, 14. 7. 2017
Slovene Consumers' Association
Sample selection ▪
In a comparative analysis of sample pairs we included similar brand marks (BM) and trade marks (TM), as it was done in a similar research in Czech Republic and Slovakia. In addition, we also included samples of Hofer trade marks.
▪
Comparative analysis of food products covered: – meat products; – dairy products; – fish products; – chocolate products; – bakery and confectionary products – beverages; – coffee and tea; – herbs and spices.
▪
For pairs of samples we selected same BM and TM sold on Slovenian (SI) and Austrian (AT) market with either the same or comparable legal name of the product and comparable presentation of the product.
Sample selection
▪ A total of 67 samples of products or 32 pairs/triplets: – 29 pairs of samples (1 bought in SI and 1 bought in AT); – 3 triplet samples (on SI market same BM/TM in several types of packaging), 2 bought in SI and 1 bought in AT). ▪ 25 samples of BM (12 pairs (1 triplet)) and 42 samples of TM (20 pairs (2 triples)).
Sampling ▪
In stores Mercator, Spar, Lidl and Hofer in SI in Ljubljana and stores Billa, Spar, Lidl and Hofer in AT (Klagenfurt and Graz).
▪
Sampling took place in two rounds: – First round: purchase in SI (Ljubljana) and AT (Klagenfurt ). – Second round: repeated the purchase of same samples in SI (Ljubljana ) and AT (Graz).
▪
Market analysis :Offer review and samples selection comparison of labelling, organoleptic examination, label compliance with legislation, sensory and chemical analysis of selected samples in accredited laboratory
Procedure: – Anonymously as ordinary consumers. – Under appropriate storage conditions (5 - 25 °C/ cold chain) from store-> lab.
Laboratory analysis
â–Ş Based on identified differences of labelling and presentation found during comparison of the labels and of perceived differences during organoleptic examination we made a choice of 20 samples (10 pairs) for further testing and analysis in the laboratory.
â–Ş Analysis selection for each sample is tailored to the type of product and the potential differences.
Laboratory analysis ▪
Cemical analyis: – Fat content – Fatty acids composition – NaCl (Nax2,5) – Nitrites and nitrates – Standard nutritional label with or without fibers – Vanillin – Acrylamide – Ash
▪
Sensory analysis: – Qualitative organoleptic assessment: odour, appearance and flavour – Quantitativ descriptive sensory analysis (QDA) – Qualitative sensory score analysis
Results â–Ş
After the review, and based on laboratory analysis of the results, we sorted pairs/triplets of samples in 2 groups: 1. group: No apparent difference found 2. group: Difference found between products a. b. c.
No difference that would affect the quality There is a difference that would affect the quality Triplets: there is a difference between samples bought in SI that affects the quality
Group
Num.of products
Num. of pairs/ Num. of pairs/ *triplets *triplets BM/TM
No apparent difference found
36
18
8/ 10
Difference found between products
31
14 (3*)
4/ 10
No difference that would affect the quality
8
4
1/ 3
There is a difference that would affect the quality
14
7
2/ 5
Triplets: there is a difference between samples bought in SI that affects the quality
9
3*
1/2
1. group: No apparent difference found ▪ 36 samples (18 pairs) of which: – based on a comparison of labelling and presentations on packaging and organoleptic review there was no apparent difference detected between a pair of sample; – chemical analysis and organoleptic assessment did not show apparent difference between a pair of sample (5 pairs); – 4 pairs of samples in which we detected differences in the labelling, but we assumed that, given the other circumstances (pair produced in the same factory, the same lot), there were errors in the translation – the presumption was confirmed by manufacturers/ retailors.
1. group: No apparent difference found A29, Danone Activia Jogurt s 15% pripravkom iz 1 jagod, s 3,4% maščobe v mlečnem deležu
A30, Danone Activia Joghurt mit 15% Erdbeerzubereitung, 3,4% Fett im Milchanteil
B13, Dulano Hrenovke iz svinjskega mesa brez 2 ovoja, dimljene. Pasterizirane mesnine
B14, Dulano 6 Delikatess Brockwürstchen in Elgenhaut
B5, Dulano Mesni narezek iz svinjskega mesa v 3 lastnem soku. Sterilizirana mesnina
B6, Dulano Schweinefleisch im eigenen Saft
4 5
C15, Frauentaler Puranja salama, sušene mesnine
C16, Frauentaler Putensalami
A7, Kotanyi Cimet mleti, sušeni
A8, Kotanyi Zimt gemahlen, getrocknet
A21, Manner Hrustljavi vaflji polnjeni z lešnikovo 6 kremo (82%)
A22, Manner Knusprige Waffeln mit Haselnusscremefullung (82%) - eine Spezialität aus Wien
B3, Milbona Sir ementalec v kosu, najmanj 45% 7 maščobe v suhi snovi
B4, Milbona Emmentaler aus pasteurisierter Kuhmilch, am Stück, 45% Fett I. Tr.
8
9
B9, Milbona Jogurt s 24% pripravka z okusom marelice. 3,8% maščobe v mlečnem deležu
B10, Milbona Joghurt aus pasteurisierter milch mit 24% fruchtzubereitung, 3,8% fett im milchanteil
C13, Natur aktiv jagodni ekstra džem
C14, Natur aktiv Zuckerarme Bio Erdbeeren Konfitüre extra
1. group: No apparent difference found 10 11
12
13 14 15 16
17 18
A25, Nescafe Gold Topna kava A33, Nestea Brezalkoholna osvežilna negazirana pijača z izvlečkom čaja in okusom limone. S sladkorji in sladilom. Pasterizirana A31, Nestle Nesquik Mešanica v prahu za pripravo kakavovega napitka z dodanimi vitamini in minerali A9, Podravka Vegeta dodatek jedem z zelenjavo C9, Primana Lovski narezek, sterilizirana mesnina A19, S Budget Gauda rezina 48% m.m. V snovi, 400g A17, S Budget Mozzarella. Sveži sir iz pasteriziranega mleka v slanici. 45% mlečne maščobe v s.s. B17, Sonday Hrustljavi vaflji polnjeni z 81% kakavove kreme A27, Toffifee Lešnik (10%) v karamelu (41%) z nugat kremo (37%) in čokolado (12%)
A26, Nescafe Gold 100% Löslicher Bohnenkaffee A34, Nestea Eistee mit Zitronengeschmack. Mit Zucker und Süßungsmittel A32, Nestle Nesquik Kakaohaltiges Getränkepulver mit Vitaminen und Mineralstoffen A10, Podravka Vegeta C10, Primana Jagdwurst hitzesterilisiert A20, S Budget Gauda, 48% F.i.T., in Scheiben aus pasteurisierter Milch A18, S Budget Mozzarella. Mozzarella in Lake, aus pasteurisierter Kuhmilch, 45% fett. i. tr. B18, Sonday Knusprige Waffeln mit 81% Kakaocremefüllung A28, Toffifee Die Haselnuss (10%) in Caramel (41%) mit Nougatcreme (37%) und Schokolade (12%)
2. group: Difference found between products ▪
Differences detected between pairs (14 pairs) on the basis of: – Comparison of labelling and presentation and professional review – Chemical and sensory analysis in laboratory We defined 3 subgroups:
▪
a. No difference that would affect the quality (4 pairs) – Based on results there is no difference that would affect the quality
▪
b. There is a difference that would affect the quality (7 pairs) – There is difference between pair of samples that would affect the quality
▪
c. Triplets: there is a difference between samples bought in SI that affects the quality (3 triplets) – No differences between pairs of products from SI and AT, but there are differences that would affect the quality between 2 products of the same BM/TM available on SI market in several type of packaging
a. No difference that would affect the quality ▪
4 pairs of samples: Based on results there is no difference that would affect the quality B11, Dulano Salama s papriko. Prekajena, sušena mesnina. 100G salame je proizvedene iz 122g 1 svinjskega mesa
B12, Dulano Feurika Salami, geräuchert, hauchdünn geschnitten
B1, Lovilio Sir Mozzarella, 45% maščobe v suhi 2 snovi
B2, Lovilio Mozzarella, 45% Fett i. Tr.
A3, S Budget Ribje palčke. Sestavljene, iz koščkov oblikovane ribe. Panirane, toplotno obdelane, hitro 3 zamrznjene.
A4, S Budget 15 Fischstäbchen aus saftigem Alaska-Seelachsfilet, praktisch grätenfrei, knusprig paniert, vorgebraten, tiefgefroren, backofenfähig
A5, Teekanne Earl grey Aromatizirana mešanica črnega čaja z okusom bergamotke
A6, Teekanne Earl grey Schwarzer Tee aromatisiert – Bergamotte
4
a. No difference that would affect the quality ▪
Example: Fish sticks – Differences in ingredients and small difference in nutritional table – Lab analysis did not show specific differences: • Organoleptic • Standard nutritional label with fiber • Fatty acid composition.
SI
AT
A3 (4,43 €/kg)
A4 (3,98 €/kg)
▪ Alaskan polak and hake
▪ Alaskan polak MSC catch
▪ Fat 8,1 g ▪ Sugar 0,9 g ▪ Fiber 0,5 g
▪ Fat 7,8 g ▪ Sugar 2,1 g ▪ Fiber 1,2 g
b. There is a difference that would affect the quality ▪
7 pairs of samples: There is difference between pair of samples that would affect the quality A23, Coca cola Osvežilna gazirana brezalkoholna 1 pijača iz rastlinskih izvlečkov
A24, Cola-Erfrischungsgetränk
2 A11, Milka mlečna čokolada z alpskim mlekom
A12, Milka Alpenmilch Schokolade
C5, Primana Jetrna pašteta, mesni izdelek, 3 konzerva, sterilizirana mesnina
C6, Primana Leberbrotaufstrich mit milcheiweiss, hitzesterilisiert
4
C7, Primana Mesni narezek, sterilizirana mesnina
A15b, S Budget Gazirana brezalkoholna pijača z 5 okusom pomaranče s sladili, brez energijske vrednosti 6
A13, S Budget Sadni jogurt jagoda
C19, Toast šunka, pasterizirane mesnine – 7 sestavljeno iz koščkov oblikovano meso
C8, Pirmana Frühstücksfleisch hitzesterilisiert A16b, S Budget Erfrischungsgetränk mit orangengeschmack. Mitt zucker und süßungsmitteln
A14, S Budget Erdbeerjogurt aus pasteurisierter milch mit 3,2% fett C20, Toastschinken
b. There is a difference that would affect the quality ▪
Example: Coca cola Osvežilna gazirana brezalkoholna pijača iz rastlinskih izvlečkov: – Differences in ingredients and sugar content.
A23 (1,34 €/l) ▪
Fructo-gluko syrup
▪
Sugar 11,2 g
SI
AT
A24 (2,50 €/l)
▪
sugar
▪
sugar 10,6 g
b. There is a difference that would affect the quality ▪
Example: Milka, mlečna čokolada z alpskim mlekom – Differnces in ingredients and nett weight – Lab analysis did not show notable differences – Differnces detected in lab with quantitative descriptive nalysis (QDA)
Sample A11 statistically differs in sensory parameters from sample A12: - Darker colour - Less brilliant superficial brilliance - Less intense overall smell and flavour - Less sweet - Higher melting rate - Less creamy
A11 (11,09 €/kg) ▪ 80 g ▪ Aditiv E476
A12 (11,90 €/kg)
SI
AT ▪ 100 g
b. There is a difference that would affect the quality ▪
Example: Primana Jetrna pašteta, mesni izdelek, konzerva, sterilizirana mesnina – Differences in ingredients
C5 (3,87 €/kg) ▪ liver 26 % ▪ pork meat15 % ▪ stabilizator E410,E407,E508 flavour enhancer:E621
SI
AT
C6 (4,60 €/kg) ▪ liver 22 % ▪ Pork meat 39 % ▪ Milk protein and dekstrose ▪ Emulgator: E472c , antioksidant E300
b. There is a difference that would affect the quality
▪
Example: Primana Mesni narezek, sterilizirana mesnina – Differences in ingredients and nutritional table
SI
AT
C7 (3,83 €/kg)
▪ C8 (4,60 €/kg)
▪ Pork and beef meat 57%, ▪ Soya protein ▪ stabilizator E450 , E451, ▪ color E120
▪ Pork and beef meat 67%, ▪ stabilizator E450
▪ fat 16,8 g
▪ fat 19 g
b. There is a difference that would affect the quality ▪
Example: S Budget Gazirana brezalkoholna pijača z okusom pomaranče s sladili, brez energijske vrednosti – Differences in presentation (picture of orange), ingredients and nutritional table
A15b (0,13 €/l)
SI
AT
A16b (0,26 €/l)
▪ sweeteners ▪ preservative: potassium sorbat
▪ Sweeteners and sugar
▪ Sugar 0 g
▪ sugar 3 g
b. There is a difference that would affect the quality ▪
Example: S Budget Sadni jogurt jagoda – Differences in ingredients
A14 (1,61 €/kg)
A13 (1,28 €/kg) ▪ strawberry 4,7%, ▪ gelling: karagenan ▪ preservative: potassium sorbat, ▪ color: karmini ▪ Acid regulator: Na citrats, citrick acid
SI
AT
▪ strawberry 8,2%, ▪ gelling: pektin, ▪ color: carrot concentrate, ▪ Acid regulator: lemon concentrate
b. There is a difference that would affect the quality ▪
Example: Toast šunka, pasterizirane mesnine – sestavljeno, iz koščkov oblikovano meso – Differences in ingredients and nutritional table
C19 (6,45 €/kg) ▪ Potatoe starch, prosessed sea algea and dekstrose, ▪ More additives: polifosfats monosodium glutaminat ▪ fat 4,5 g, saturated fa 1,9 g, protein 17,3 g
C20 (9,95 €/kg)
SI
AT
▪ fat 2 g, saturated fa0,8 g, protein 19 g
c. Triplets: there is a difference between samples bought in SI that affects the quality ▪
3 triplets: No differences between pairs of products from SI and AT, but there are differences that would affect the quality between 2 products same BM/TM available on SI market in several type of packaging
1 A1a, Rio mare Tunin namaz
A1b, Rio mare Tunin namaz (konzerva)
A2, Rio mare Thunfisch Paté
2 C3a, Riquet mlečna čokolada
C3b, Riquet mlečna tablica
C4, Riquet Vollmichschokolade
C23a, Milfina Blagi sadni jogurt 3 iz pasteriziranega mleka s C23b, Milfina sadni jogurt jagoda 3,2% maščobe
C24, Milfina Erdbeer – Fruchtjoghurt mild aus pasteurisierter österreichischer Milch mit 3,2% Fett
c. Triplets: there is a difference between samples bought in SI that affects the quality ▪
Example: Rio mare Tunin namaz – No differences between samples Rio mare Pate tuna Tunin namaz (tube) from SI and AT – Differences between Rio mare pate tuna in tube and Rio mare pate tuna in can in ingredients and nutritional table.
SI
SI
A1b Rio mare Tunin namaz (konzerva) (17,79 €/kg) ▪ tuna 33%, ▪ Soya protein ▪ Fat 28 g, saturated fa 7 g
AT
A1a/A2 Rio mare Tunin namaz (tuba) (21,90 €/kg/ 24,90 €/kg) ▪ tuna 47% ▪ fat 18,5 g, saturated fa 2,4 g
c. Triplets: there is a difference between samples bought in SI that affects the quality ▪
Example: Riquet mlečna čokolada – No differences between C3a in C4 – Differences between C3a=C4 in C3b in name (milk chocolate/ milk tablet), in ingredients and nutritional table.
SI
SI
AT
C 3b (3,30 €/kg)
C3a = C4 (4,50 €/kg/ 5,50 €/kg)
▪ Defatted cocoa 10%, ▪ Palm oil
▪ Cocoa mass 30 %
▪ Saturated fa 26 g, sugar 58 g
▪ Saturated fa 20g sugar 54 g
c. Triplets: there is a difference between samples bought in SI that affects the quality ▪
Example: Milfina sadni jogurt – No differences between C23a in C24 – Differences between C23a=C24 in C23b in ingredients and nutritional table.
SI
SI
AT
C23b (1,27 €/kg)
C23a = C24 (2,17 €/kg/ 1,61 €/kg)
▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
▪ 10% strawberries lemon juice concentrated red bet juice as color: carot concentrate
5,3% strawberries pulp, Acid regulator: citric acid, Color: karmin and beta caroten, Aroma
▪ sugar 11,7g ▪ sugar 14 g
Conclusion ▪
Differences that affect quality, were found in 10 out of a total of 32 pairs/triplets (31 %) of the following: – 30% of the BM (brand mark), – 70% TM (trade mark).
▪
Analysed BM products and TM products mostly belong to the group of food (sweet drinks, chocolate and bakery products) which are not part of a balanced diet.
▪
Half (5 of 10) of TM and BM products available in Slovenia, in which we detected differences that affects the quality, were equipped with marks that emphasize Slovene origin of the product (Slovenia, my country and the quality of Slovenia).
▪
In Slovenia we have high-quality milk and plain yogurt, so it would be expected that this quality range is kept also in fruit yogurts too and not lowered with ingredients/additives that are not necessary.
Conclusion ▪
Most of the products have a higher price in Austria than in Slovenia (exceptions: fish sticks, S-Budget and Milfina fruit yogurt).
▪
In the case of 2 products of same BM/TM available on SI market in several type of packaging, a product with greater quality of ingredients also had a higher price.
▪
During the market review we have noticed that in Austria there are several meat and dairy products, which contain a higher number of quality ingredients, so it would make sense to continue with a similar project task in a similar way in the future to review and compare the offer of meat and dairy products on the Slovenian and Austrian market.
▪
In particular, it is important to empower consumers to enable them to better understand labels on the packaging and by reading this important information to make informed choices,