September-October 2012 by Alison Lara

September • October 2012

The official publication of the U.S. Canola Association and Northern Canola Growers Association

Getting Mileage Out of Canola Oil Nutrition Research Northern Plains: Managing Diseases Southern Plains: Rotation, Rotation, Rotation What’s New in Spring Canola Research Prsrt std U.S. POSTAGE PAID permit # 433 Bismarck, ND

September • october 2012 Vol. 7, No. 3

www.uscanola.com EXECUTIVE Editor Angela Dansby angela@uscanola.com

features

MANAGING Editor Brittany Farb brittany@uscanola.com

Plus-Sized Nutrition

Student Team Makes Popular Snack Even Healthier with Hummus+

Contributing Writers Donna Brown; Jack Brown, Ph.D.; Barry Coleman; Sheri Coleman, R.N.; Jim Davis, Ph.D.; Patrick Delaney; Jon Dockter; Chad Godsey, Ph.D.; Burton Johnson, Ph.D.; Lesley Lubenow; Mukhlesur Rahman, Ph.D.; Ron Scholar; Megan Wingerson Publishers Barry Coleman coleman@ndpci.com

Crop Rotation Key to Sustainable System in Southern Plains Alternate Crops to Increase Yields

John Gordley john@uscanola.com

Managing Canola Diseases in Northern Plains

Crop Rotation Helps Control Blackleg and Sclerotinia

Sales Representative Mary O’Donohue modonohue@gordley.com

Graphic Designer Melissa Rosenquist melissa.rosenquist@gmail.com

Nutrition Research Goes Beyond Heart Disease Risk Reduction

Published by U.S. Canola Association 600 Pennsylvania, SE, Suite 320 Washington, DC 20003 tel: 202.969.8113 • fax: 202.969.7036 www.uscanola.com Northern Canola Growers Association 2718 Gateway Ave, #301 Bismarck, ND 58503 tel: 701.223.4124 • fax: 701.223.4130 www.northerncanola.com

New Health Benefits of Canola Oil on Horizon

Seeding Date and Production System Influence on Canola Performance Location and Weather Greatest Variables

Pacific Northwest Seeks Additional Canola Varieties

New Cultivars Promise Higher Yields

Regional Affiliates Great Lakes Canola Association www.agry.purdue.edu/ext/canola

Breeding Program Aims for Disease and Stress Resistance

Great Plains Canola Association www.greatplainscanola.com

NDSU Pioneering Future Varieties

Donna Brown Leaves Canola Sector After 31 Years

Minnesota Canola Council www.mncanola.org

Reflections on an Illustrious Career departments

U.S. Canola Digest is published four times a year in January/February, March/April, September/October and November/December by the U.S. Canola Association (USCA) and Northern Canola Growers Association (NCGA). Subscription is complementary to all USCA and NCGA members and other qualified members of the U.S. canola industry. Reproduction of contents is forbidden. Copyright 2012. Postmaster: Send address changes to Northern Canola Growers Association, 2718 Gateway Ave., #301, Bismarck, ND 58503.

19 on the cover New research on the health benefits of canola oil may add reasons as to why it fits into a healthy lifestyle.

4 6 9 21 22 22 24 25 26

Editors’ Letter USCA Update NCGA News GPCA News MCC News Canola Capers Grand Openings Quick Bytes Canola Cooks

editors’ letter

Fall Forward with New Research and Hopefully a Farm Bill As the summer comes to a close, it’s time to get ready for the spring canola harvest with an informationpacked U.S. Canola Digest. This issue covers the latest activity in canola agronomic and nutrition research as well as inactivity on the farm bill. While there are plenty of known canola oil health benefits, new research is being conducted to discover additional nutritional advantages and how the oil helps protect the heart. U.S. Canola Digest spoke with a researcher who is analyzing the effects of canola oil on insulin resistance, obesity and kidney function. Turn to page 14 to read more about this study in addition to summaries of research about canola oil’s effects on heart disease, type 2 diabetes, peripheral artery disease and other health conditions.

Farm Bill Expiration

The end of summer also means the expiration of the current farm bill. The Senate passed its version of the 2012 Farm Bill with a strong bipartisan 64-35 vote. As expected, discussions in the House have encountered several obstacles, leaving many to question if Congress will meet the Sept. 30 expiration date. USCA Assistant Director Dale Thorenson offers his commentary on the plight of the farm bill on page 6.

Rotation, Rotation, Rotation!

According to an Oklahoma State University expert, an increase in canola yields can be obtained by alternating crops. Utilizing different crop types maximizes diversity and reduces the risk of pests. In fact, wheat yields in the Southern Plains have been known to increase about 10 to 20 percent by rotating the crop with winter canola. Researchers from both the Southern and Northern Plains provide their recommendations for the best crops to rotate with canola on pages 12-13.

Spring Canola Research

Last March, researchers across the country presented updates on canola research funded in part by grants from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture under the National Canola Research Program. Starting on page 17, spring canola research projects are summarized with promising results. For example, North Dakota State University’s Center of Excellence is developing high oil germplasm adapted to North Dakota along with varieties resistant to blackleg and sclerotinia stem rot as well as tolerant to salinity, pod-shattering, frost and heat. The Pacific Northwest Canola Variety Trial continues to identify successful varieties in the region. Research on seeding date and production system influence on canola performance also provides growers with useful tips.

Student and Faculty Achievements

A team of Cornell University students made a popular snack a bit healthier. The food science majors accepted their prize for Hummus+ in the second annual Institute of Food Technologists’ (IFT’s) Heart-Healthy Product Development Competition, sponsored by CanolaInfo, at the IFT Wellness ‘12 conference March 28-29 in Rosemont, Ill. Competitors were tasked with using canola oil to develop heart-healthy products low in saturated fat and free of trans fat to help consumers adhere to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010. Flip to page 10 to read about the nutritious concoction as well as the second and third place entries. This issue also celebrates Donna Brown, canola breeder at the University of Idaho, who is retiring after 31 years. Read about her work, including more than 4,000 hybridizations, on page 23.

Food and Photos

A recent study published in Molecular Nutrition & Food Research examined nutrient absorption from identical salads with various dressings. Researchers found significantly more nutrients were absorbed when the dressing contained more fat. Page 26 features a recipe for Chickpea Pasta Salad that contains the right kind of fat thanks to canola oil. With its vibrant flavors and colorful appearance, the dish is sure to please all family members. The 2012 Farm Bill expiration isn’t the only looming deadline. Entries for the U.S. Canola Digest Photo Contest are due Nov. 1. Winning submissions will be determined in early December and published in the January/February 2013 issue.

AngelaDansby

executive editor angela@uscanola.com

U . S . C anola D i g e s t

S ep t em b er • o c to b er 2012

managing editor brittany@uscanola.com

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usca update

Disaster Bill Passed as 2008 Farm Bill Nears Expiration Dale Thorenson

When the Senate passed its version of the 2012 Farm Bill on June 21 by a strong 64-35 vote, all eyes turned to the House. In response, House Agriculture Committee Chair Frank Lucas (R-OK) announced his intentions to mark up his farm bill the following week before the July 4 break to enable staff time to prepare the bill for floor action that month. But within a few hours of Lucas’ remarks, Speaker John Boehner (R-OH) and Majority Leader Eric Cantor (R-VA) released a floor schedule for the following week that included consideration of the FY2013 Agriculture Appropriations Bill. This effectively knocked the June farm bill mark-up off the calendar because Agriculture Committee members would have to be available to fight off scurrilous amendments during the appropriations debate. As a result, Lucas postponed the farm

Similar to this dry field, the 2012 Farm Bill is suffering a drought in activity.

U . S . C anola D i g e s t

bill mark-up to July 11. But the annual agriculture spending bill has yet to be considered on the House floor. Lucas and Ranking Member Collin Peterson (D-MN) did hold their mark-up July 11 – a marathon session – passing the bill with a strong bipartisan vote of 35-11. The pair then promptly began lobbying the House Republican leadership for floor time as there were only three weeks left before the House would adjourn for the August recess.

Drought in Farm Bill Activity

About this time, it became apparent that Mother Nature had also decided to play a role in this Capitol Hill drama. Daily temperatures reached triple digits all across the heartland, setting all-time record highs. As a result, the growing drought reached a severity and scope that had not been seen in 50 years. Each week, the red “severe drought” zone on the U.S. Drought Monitor Map mushroomed in size. Farm state Congressmen began demanding that the farm bill be brought to the House floor so that its livestock disaster provisions could be enacted. However, an open debate on the farm bill would trigger debate on other issues, coupled with tough votes prior to an election. The most contentious and politically dangerous of these issues is the level of cuts inflicted upon the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). The Senate farm bill contained $4 billion in cuts to SNAP over 10 years, while the House Agriculture Committee farm bill sought to snap $14 billion from SNAP. Moreover, amendments to cut up to $35 billion would likely be offered during a debate on the House floor. But as the drought worsened with each passing day, the House Republican leadership concluded the political price for not voting on an agricultural disaster package prior to a five-week recess was just too steep. However, rather than bringing the

s ep t em b er • o c to b er 2012

“Both the Senate and the House Agriculture Committees have produced reformminded, bipartisan bills that address many of the core principles we believe are important, such as strengthening crop insurance as a reliable risk management tool or ensuring strong agricultural research and development.” Agriculture Committee-passed 2012 Farm Bill to the floor, which included disaster aid already paid for, they announced on July 25 that a one-year extension of the 2008 Farm Bill, which included a scaled back version of disaster aid, would be cobbled together with consideration right before the August recess. The details of the extension were released July 27. A total of $621 million in disaster assistance would be offset with $759 million in conservation cuts over the next 10 years and $261 million in Direct Payment cuts over nine years. Direct Payments would be paid in full next year and SNAP benefits would be spared. To appease conservatives upset about Direct Payments and SNAP escaping the knife, a host of mandatory spending authorizations would be terminated, including renewable energy, rural economic development, organic agriculture, local farmer

markets and beginning and minority farmer programs. Assurances were also given that this extension could not be used as a vehicle to conference with the five-year farm bill the Senate passed in June.

Plan B/C: Disaster Assistance Alone

With all that baggage – full Direct Payments and SNAP benefits for 2013, conservation cuts, program terminations, no farm bill conference and close to $400 million more in cuts than needed – by July 31 the extension died under its own weight due to opposition from just about every constituency involved. As one member of Congress joked, “What do Direct Payments and disco have in common? They both should be allowed to fade into the past.” Plan B, a stand-alone disaster bill, was brought up for a vote on Aug. 2 under suspension of the rules, meaning no amendments and a two-thirds majority were required for passage. The cost for the disaster assistance was $383 million with offsets of $639 million from the Conservation Security Program and Environmental Quality Incentives Program. The remaining $256 million would go towards deficit reduction. Although not in opposition, major farm groups, including the U.S. Canola Association, panned the stand-alone disaster bill on Aug. 1, lecturing that a much better option would be for the House to consider the Agriculture Committee passed farm bill because the assistance was already paid for and more comprehensive in scope. “Both the Senate and the House Agriculture Committees have produced reform-minded, bipartisan bills that address many of the core principles we believe are important, such as strengthening crop insurance as a reliable risk management tool or ensuring strong agricultural research and development,” stated the farm groups. “We remain committed to attempting to pass a five-year farm bill as soon as possible, including the long-term provisions it includes that would help alleviate the emergency conditions we are seeing across the country.” (To view the full statement, go to www. uscanola.com.) The House Republican leadership determined it did not have two-thirds majority to pass the disaster bill under a suspension of the rules and had to revert to Plan C – a closed rule for the same legislation. This meant that just a simple majority would be required to pass both the rule (a resolution deeming it was in order to consider the legislation) and legislation itself. On Aug. 2, no one appeared to be very enthused about the situation. Congressman Steve King (R-IA) was quoted in the Congressional Quarterly: “It’s hard to get excited about a disaster measure that’s more political than relief.” But the rule did pass by a 236-182 vote and the stand-alone disaster bill passed by a vote of 223-197. Voting yes were 188 Republicans and 35 Democrats; 46 Republicans and 151 Democrats voted no. The House then adjourned until Sept. 10 – just 20 days prior to the Sept. 30 expiration date of the 2008 Farm Bill. DALE THORENSON IS ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF THE U.S. CANOLA ASSOCIATION IN WASHINGTON, D.C.

Why We Need a Farm Bill Now Patrick Delaney Calling the farm bill the “farm bill” suggests its impact is limited to the farm and the rural areas to which they are so closely tied. But it’s really a jobs bill … a food bill, a conservation bill, a research bill, an energy bill, a trade bill. In other words, it’s a bill that affects every American. The farm bill affects our nation’s ability to provide the necessities of life for a global population projected to surpass 9 billion by 2050. Here at home, it affects an industry that provides 23 million – or one in every 12 – American jobs. The farm bill has broad impact on our citizens and our economy. It provides healthy foods to millions of schoolchildren and nutritious options to families in need. It develops and expands trade with valuable foreign markets. By reducing spending significantly compared to prior farm bills, the proposals pending right now in Congress address the need to get our nation’s fiscal house in order. And yes, the farm bill benefits American farms – 98 percent of which are owned and operated by families. It helps big farms and small farms, major crops and specialty crops, organic farmers and conventional farmers, cattle ranchers and cotton ginners, farmers markets and national suppliers, and the vast range of other pursuits that make up American agriculture. This year, it would help farmers tackle the challenges posed by the worst drought in a generation. While Congress waits to finish the farm bill, agricultural organizations are united in asking all Americans to encourage legislators – home for summer town hall meetings and speeches – to finish this vital legislation before the current farm and food law expires in September. After all, it’s your bill too.

The farm bill affects an industry that provides 23 million American jobs.

1 in 12 jobs

Patrick Delaney is communications director for the American Soybean Association in Washington, D.C. He wrote this editorial on behalf of the U.S. Canola Association and more than 30 farm groups representing nearly every segment of agriculture.

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U . S . C anola D i g e s t

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regional news

Record Canola Acres, New Agronomic Research Barry Coleman

With total acres expected to exceed 1.3 million, 2012 will be a record-breaker for canola in North Dakota. The growing season started out very strong for early season crops, with canola conditions at record levels up until the end of June. That is when the heat hit in most areas of the state and the rains stopped. The exception was the northeast, which grows the most acres of canola. This region received timely rains throughout the middle of the growing season off-setting short moisture at the front end. Canola crop conditions dropped along with all other crops as the season progressed. As of the end of July, 20 percent of the canola had been swathed. The majority of the crop will be harvested by the first week of September, which is the earliest harvest ever recorded for the state. Yields in the northeast are expected to be North Dakota Growers strong, while drought-impacted areas will be Re-Elected at down. However, the early planted canola will National Meeting perform the best this year as it was able to take At the spring annual meeting of the advantage of ample moisture in early June. U.S. Canola Association, Kevin Waslaski of Langdon was re-elected president. Ryan Pederson of Rolette was re-elected first vice president, Jeff Scott of Oklahoma was re-elected second vice president and Pat Murphy of Minot was elected to the board of directors. Waslaski, Pederson and Murphy are also on the NCGA’s board of directors.

New Canola Research Projects Underway

The Northern Canola Growers A ssociation (NCGA) approved $230,000 in research projects for 2012 to address disease identification and control in canola. The two primary diseases are blackleg and sclerotinia. Additional research seeks to decrease production costs, increase quality of canola and identify end-use applications. Each year, the NCGA outlines priorities for the upcoming year and requests canola research proposals. Funding for this research is in part from the NCGA and the North Dakota Oilseed Council. Current projects include: 1) Selection of Salt-and Flooding-Tolerant Canola Germplasm for North Dakota 2) Novel Feeding Strategy to Improve Feed Efficiency for Market Swine 3) Development of High Oil Canola Cultivars Utilizing Modern Double-Haploid Breeding Techniques 4) Canola Oil and Breast Cancer Risk: Synergistic Effect with Lipotropic Nutrients 5) Evaluation of Fungicides for Management of Blackleg Disease of Canola 6) Proactive Insecticide Resistance Monitoring and Management for Crucifer Flea Beetle 7) Volunteer Canola Control in Sugar Beets 8) Use of Canola Oil to Stimulate Activity and Effectiveness of Bacteria for Biological Control of Plant Disease 9) Genotypic Screening and Seeding Date Influence on Winter Canola in North Dakota 10) Development of High-Yield Spring Canola Utilizing Winter Germplasm

NCGA Hosts Annual Meeting, Research Tours The 15th Annual NCGA Canola Day in Langdon last February attracted more than 325 attendees. Speakers addressed new research findings and agricultural markets. In his keynote speech, Mike Krueger of the “Money Farm” presented the state of world oilseed markets and the outlook for oilseed production, supply and prices this marketing year. Ron Beneda gave an overview of canola production issues in northern North Dakota and Scott Halley provided growers with results of blackleg research funded by the NCGA. The NCGA also held board of director elections during its annual meeting. Wally Brandjord of Bottineau, N.D., was re-elected as a producer director and Eric Mack of ADM in Velva, N.D., was re-elected as an industry member. This summer, the NCGA held research tours in Minot , and Langdon, N.D., for 125 and 150 canola growers, respectively. Attendees received updates on fungicide studies funded by the NCGA, disease and desiccation research findings, insect issues in canola and straightharvesting strategies. Annual golf tournaments followed the research tours in Langdon and Velva, N.D. The winners in Velva were Rich Gross, Dave Christensen, Dan Sem and Tim Stanislawski of Brett Young. The winners in Langdon Travis Peterson, Ryan Howatt, Tyler Balsdon and Chris DuBois of CHS.

Barry Coleman is executive director of the Northern Canola Growers Association in Bismarck, N.D.

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U . S . C anola D i g e s t

Plus-Sized Nutrition Student Team Makes Popular Snack Even Healthier with Hummus+ Brittany Farb

to show how the food industry can help consumers comply with these dietary guidelines. The products could be for any meal of the day or a snack but must have met nutritional criteria based on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s food labeling guidelines. IFT’s Heart-Healthy Product Development Competition did not simply require teams to invent hypothetical products. Instead, the teams produced their creations in a commercial kitchen and tested them with volunteers prior to the judges tasting them. For example, the Hummus+ team presented their product to 20 regular hummus consumers, asking them to compare it to popular brands based on overall preference. The result? Hummus+ was preferred over the leading hummus products. During Wellness ‘12, the student teams not only participated in a closed poster and tasting session for the judges, they also delivered oral presentations to conference attendees. “Number one, presentation skills and the ability to sell the product came into play,” explained Shaunda DuranceTod, M.Sc., R.D., program manager of CanolaInfo, which established the contest in 2010, and one of three judges. “Two, taste matters and by sampling the products, we really got a sense of that. Thirdly, the ability to think through the process and problem-solve was important for the students to demonstrate.” Real world promise was another significant consideration for the judges. “At the end of the day, we had to ask, ‘Is this product going to make it?’” said IFT President John Ruff, another judge. “The students had to show why their products would succeed in the marketplace.”

Three finalist student teams were selected out of eight entries from across the U.S. to present their product ideas at Wellness ’12. IFT Student Association members throughout North America were charged with using canola oil to develop heart-healthy products low in saturated fat and free of trans fat to help consumers adhere to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010. With cardiovascular disease being the number one cause of death in the U.S. and Canada, CanolaInfo’s goal was

U . S . C anola D i g e s t

s ep t em b er • o c to b er 2012

Photo by Angela Dansby

Cutting the Mustard

Photo by Angela Dansby

One of the trendiest Mediterranean snacks just got a bit healthier, thanks to food science students at Cornell University. A sixmember team accepted its prize for Hummus+ in the second annual Heart-Healthy Product Development Competition, sponsored by CanolaInfo, at the Institute of Food Technologists’ (IFT) Wellness ‘12 conference March 28-29 in Rosemont, Ill. Hummus+ is a nutritious snack made from chickpeas, sweet potato, butternut squash and canola oil. It contains higher potassium, fiber and vitamin A content and less sodium and saturated fat than similar hummus products in the market. “Hummus+ is applicable in the growing market of young consumers,” said Cornell team member Nicolas Apollo. “We took a healthy product and made it healthier.”

The Cornell team looked at sales from the hummus market to make its case that their product would be successful if put on grocery store shelves. Their research showed the dips and spreads market is estimated to grow by 22 percent in the next five years. In fact, the hummus market alone has grown 175 percent since 2006. “You know hummus works well because the product category is still growing,” noted Cornell team member Alexander Lo. “If a food company wanted to start making Hummus+ tomorrow, it could.” Lo and Apollo, in addition to team captain Chong-Hyun (John) Kim, accepted a check for $3,500, a trophy from CanolaInfo and complimentary registration to the 2012 IFT Annual Meeting & Food Expo June 25-28 in Las Vegas on behalf of their team, which also included Laura Sokil, April Whitney and Cedric Ahn, who were not in attendance. The team presented their poster again at this meeting, which attracted thousands of food professionals from more than 100 countries.

Morning Glory

The second place team consisted of Matt Armstrong, Feifei Hu, Emilee Landers, Colleen Rossell, Kaitlyn Taylor and Brittany Towers from The Ohio State University. The team received a check for $2,500 for its spiced sweet potato waffle called Morning Glory. Designed to be sold in “upscale supermarkets,” the waffle

A new peak in contracts.

Photo by Angela Dansby

The $1,000 third-place prize went to Anne Slisz, Elizabeth Luu, Jason Zhang and Sean LaFond of the University of California at Davis for Torteoat, a mini yogurt-based pie with an oat crust topped with strawberrybanana fruit purée. “We started with the idea of healthy cheesecakes and it morphed into this,” said LeFond. According to the team’s presentation, the product has a 90-day shelf life and would be good for about seven days once purchased and defrosted. Designed for 20-35 year old women, Torteoat would first be sold in specialty food stores in southern California but once the volume increased, it would spread nationally, perhaps to high-end grocery stores. The team says they would also like to experiment with other flavors such as chocolate, but the strawberry-banana purée makes

Torteoat high in potassium. While the second and third place teams included both undergraduate and graduate students, Cornell’s group was made up of all undergraduate students. “I spent a lot more time on this product than I did on actual schoolwork,” Kim confessed. Clearly, the students’ efforts paid off. BRITTANY FARB IS MANAGING EDITOR OF U.S. CANOLA DIGEST.

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is “the first and only” trans fat-free, whole-grain waffle with fiber and vitamins A and K. “Morning Glory can help baby boomers achieve their goals of living a healthy and vibrant life,” said Landers. According to the team’s presentation, Morning Glory has a shelf life between eight months to a year, which is similar to most standard frozen waffles. The team conducted taste tests before the competition and learned valuable information from a sensory panel that reported the waffle was too soggy and lacked spice and sweetness. The result was a new formulation. The waffles were designed to target baby boomers due to their market power and awareness of the benefits of nutrition.

Torteoat

8/8/12 10:28 AM

U . S . C anola D i g e s t

Crop Rotation Key to Sustainable System in Southern Plains Alternate Crops to Increase Yields Chad Godsey, Ph.D.

Does winter canola deserve planting consideration this fall in the Southern Plains? The answer is yes! While the reasons are numerous, most producers have included winter canola in their cropping systems because of its profitability. However, the greatest benefit to producers may not be from the profits of their canola crop, but rather from the value added to preceding crops and the long-term improvement of their cropping system. After a great 2011-12 canola growing season, more Southern Plains producers are considering changes to their cropping systems. In addition to the potential profit, considering the following factors should make the decision of moving away from continuous cropping easy. 1) Rotate crops to increase yields. Long-

term research has indicated an increase in yields can be achieved by alternating crops on the same land. Crops grown continuously can cause increased weeds, pests and diseases. This is exactly what happened in the Southern Plains’ continuous winter wheat systems with low-yielding and poor quality wheat. When visiting with farmers that have utilized a rotation with winter canola, wheat yields have often increased 10 to 20 percent following winter canola. This is often referred to as the “rotation effect.” The increase in yields when switching from a continuous cropping system to a more diversified crop rotation is well-documented, but poorly understood. It is probably a combination of several factors that may include a reduction in weeds, pests and diseases and a potential increase in plant nutrient availability. A mix of grass and broadleaf crops as well as summer and winter crops is ideal. Utilizing these different crop types will maximize diversity and reduce pest pressure.

U . S . C anola D i g e s t

2) Delay herbicide resistance. Over the

last decade, there has been a continued increase in herbicide-resistance weed species. Glyphosate-resistant summer annual weeds receive most of the press, but herbicide-resistance in continuous winter wheat cropping systems is just as severe. One of the best methods to reduce the rate of herbicide resistance development is through crop rotation. It should encourage the use of alternative modes of actions, especially when using both grass and broadleaf crops.

3) Increase in risk diversification.

Producers that plant winter wheat only would be considered to have minimal diversification. In the Southern Plains’ dryland production agriculture, risk diversification is critical due to uneven weather patterns. Using all crop types greatly increases diversification and increases the chances of matching at least some of the growing season with good growing conditions. 4) Improved soil health. Crop rotations,

especially in conservation tillage systems, result in different root structures over time. From taproot crops to fibrous root crops, diversity in root structure will improve the soil’s physical structure. Perhaps the biggest benefit of improved soil physical properties is an increase in macro pores, which in turn facilitates water infiltration and deeper root growth of successive crops. This is exactly what is observed when canola is in included in rotations.

5) Plan before acting. If winter canola is

a good fit for a producer’s operation, a well thought-out plan is needed. Factors to consider include herbicide use history in previous

s ep t em b er • o c to b er 2012

crops, soil nutrient status, tillage, harvest options and equipment accessibility. • Herbicide use history – In a lot of cases when a new crop fails, it is a result of prior herbicide use. With a lot of herbicides that are used with wheat and other crops, prior to planting canola, crop rotational restrictions can often be 12 months or greater. • S oil nutrient status – In the Southern Plains, many areas have extremely acidic soils (pH < 5.5). While wheat can often times handle acidic soils, canola is not as tolerant. Producers need to take action to correct such soils prior to rotating crops. • Tillage/planting operations – Discuss tillage/ planting options with experienced growers to find out what worked best for them. Find a mentor to help through the first couple of growing seasons. • Harvest options – Harvesting is perhaps the most difficult operation for new growers. All methods should be evaluated (swathing, direct cutting and pushing) to determine what works best. Visit with several experienced producers to determine the pros and cons of all three methods. Currently, winter canola is a very attractive crop for the Southern Plains. Producers have to ask themselves if winter canola has the potential to fit into their cropping system. Sustainability of the cropping system depends on making changes to increase, or at least maintain, the productivity of the soil. CHAD GODSEY, PH.D., IS AN OILSEED SPECIALIST AND ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY.

Managing Canola Diseases in Northern Plains Crop Rotation Helps Control Blackleg and Sclerotinia Lesley Lubenow

Figure 1. Late-season blackleg incidence. 100%

80%

Blackleg Incidence

The appeal of canola is hard to miss these days. High crop prices are very attractive to growers across the Northern Plains. Variety selection is one of the most important management choices for a grower. A successful variety will have sound agronomic traits of yield, maturity, plant height/lodging potential, seedling vigor and disease tolerance. There is some give-and-take with choosing individual varieties depending on grower preferences and field conditions. Crop rotation is another give-and-take management decision. The basics are to follow a small grain or another crop not susceptible to sclerotina stem rot (SSR) with canola in a rotation. Disease management is crucial for success, especially in wet and cool environments. Ideally, from a blackleg management perspective, canola is recommended to be a part of a four-year crop rotation. This rotation reduces disease pressure and decreases the likelihood for the development of new blackleg races. A long-term rotation study was conducted in Minot, N.D., at the North Central Research Extension Center to look at the effect of crop rotation on blackleg and SSR disease incidence and severity. The trial was concluded after 12 years in 2011. On average, as the frequency of canola in the rotation increased, so did blackleg disease incidence. There was a trend of lower blackleg incidence when canola was a part of the recommended four-year rotation (Figure 1). However, in terms of blackleg severity, no obvious correlation between severity and crop rotation was found in this trial (Figure 2). It is believed that using a moderately resistant variety and conventional tillage deterred blackleg disease survival. Looking over the years of data, environmental conditions played heavily on blackleg incidence in individual years (Jenks, et al. 2011). Another crop rotation consideration is the management of SSR. Ideally, growers should rotate two non-susceptible crops before canola.

60%

40%

20%

First Canola in Four Years

First Canola in Three Years

Canola Every Other Year

Second Year Canola

Continuous Canola

Rotation ‘01

‘02

‘03

‘04

‘05

‘06

‘07

‘08

‘09

‘10

‘11

Source: Jenks, B et al (2010). Impact of preceding crops on incidence and severity of disease in canola. North Central Research Extension Center, Minot, N.D.

Proper rotation reduces buildup of SSR spores. Small grains and corn are non-susceptible crops and good rotation choices. On the other hand, sunflower, dry beans, soybean, field peas and crambe are highly susceptible to SSR and should be avoided. Growers shouldn’t use more than one highly susceptible crop in the rotation. Disease incidence rates in plots were under 25 percent in all years including continuous canola. Minot climate conditions are typically drier and less conducive to SSR development than the wetter, SSR-susceptible canola- growing region of eastern North Dakota. For both blackleg and SSR, crop rotation is a valuable management tool. Other inputs, such as selecting genetic resistance in varieties and using available crop protection like foliar fungicides and fungicide seed treatments, are helpful management tools in tighter rotations. In northeast North Dakota, typical rotations are two years in length, switching between canola and hard red spring wheat.

Others will add soybean to lengthen the rotation to three years. With these tight rotations, selecting a variety resistant to blackleg is needed. Producers are looking for resistant varieties, not moderately resistant, to have successful canola yields. In off-years, observing volunteer canola in the field is commonplace due to canola’s ability to shatter. Volunteers often grow faster compared to other weeds and can be quite large by the time of the first post-emergence herbicide application. Volunteer canola can germinate for several years after a canola crop, so continued management is needed for proper control. Growers need to be mindful of the potential for herbicide resistance when using herbicideresistant technologies like Roundup Ready® in canola or other crops like soybean. Tankmixing herbicides targeted for resistant canola and/or utilizing other herbicide resistance CONTINUED ON PAGE 24 ❱

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New Health Benefits of Canola Oil on Horizon Nutrition Research Goes Beyond Heart Disease Risk Reduction Brittany Farb

Canola oil’s known health benefits alone are enough to make anyone’s heart smile. With the most unsaturated fat of any common cooking oil, canola oil received a qualified health claim from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on its ability to reduce the risk of heart disease when used in place of saturated fat. It also is a good source of omega-3 and monounsaturated fats, plus it is free of trans fat and cholesterol. These benefits have inspired scientists, nutritionists, physicians, chefs and other influencers to recommend canola oil in everyday cooking. Several new studies have been conducted or are underway on possible additional health benefits of canola oil. Researchers are currently analyzing the effects of canola oil’s fatty acid composition on insulin resistance, obesity and kidney function to determine if the oil can help with weight management. Other research includes testing canola and other oils for their effects on metabolic syndrome and the liver, seeing if alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) found in canola oil has direct health effects, examining the cardioprotective effects of canola oil, determining if canola oil improves glucose control and heart disease risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes, and studying canola oil’s effect in individuals with peripheral artery disease. In addition to reducing heart disease risk, the FDA’s recommendation of consuming 1.5 tablespoons of canola oil a day may, in fact, have several other benefits in light of new research findings. The first four studies summarized below were supported by industry funding through the Canola Council of Canada, whose dollars are matched by the Canadian government. The fifth study was funded by Dalmia Continental Pvt. Ltd. of India, whose canola and olive pomace oils were exclusively used for testing purposes.

Insulin Resistance, Obesity and Kidney Function

A study on the “Effects of Canola Oil Fatty Acid Composition on Insulin Resistance,

U . S . C anola D i g e s t

Obesity and Kidney Function” examined whether canola oil intake impacted the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance in a pre-diabetes stage, inflammation and obesity using a rodent model of diet-induced obesity. The first part of this prevention study was conducted in 2009. Obese-prone rats were fed high-fat diets (55 percent of calories from fat). These rats were then fed diets over a 12-week period containing canola oil, high-oleic canola oil, canola/flaxseed oil blend, soybean oil, safflower oil or lard. Researchers concluded that each of the oils compared with lard had one or more benefits. Specifically, animals with diets containing canola oil, high-oleic canola oil or the canola/flaxseed oil blend had lower weight gain and fasting blood glucose than those consuming the other oils. Rats with diets containing the canola/flaxseed oil blend had reduced hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) and blood fats and higher total eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) omega-3 fats in the liver. A treatment study made up the second part of the research in 2011. For 12 weeks, rats were fed lard-based diets to develop obesity and insulin resistance. Rats either continued with these lard-based diets or were switched to diets containing canola oil, high-oleic canola oil, a canola oil/flaxseed blend, soybean oil or safflower oil for an eight-week period. The canola oil diet lowered fasting blood lipids, glucose and insulin, while the canola/flaxseed diet also lowered blood lipids and insulin. Both diets increased total omega-3 fats, including ALA, EPA and DHA, in skeletal muscle. “As we hypothesized, the diets highest in ALA [with canola oil or the canola/flax oil blend] prevented development of kidney disease in the rats with diet-induced obesity,” said Carla Taylor, Ph.D., professor in the Department of Human Sciences at the University of Manitoba. “We were really excited to discover that the prevention of kidney damage was associated with the presence of a novel metabolite from ALA in the kidney tissue.”

s ep t em b er • o c to b er 2012

Taylor explained that advancements in equipment and methods are allowing researchers to detect such new compounds. She said future studies with animal models that apply to humans with renal disease and obesity-mediated renal disease will be conducted to understand more about the protective effects of these newly discovered compounds from ALA.

Diabetes Management

The goal of a study on the “Effect of Canola Oil as Part of a Low Glycemic Load Diet on Glucose Control in Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes,” is to determine if canola oil improves glycemic control and cardiovascular health in people with type 2 diabetes. If successful, this study will support scientific data on the effectiveness of low-glycemic load diets in improving glycemic control and reducing heart disease risk in type 2 diabetics. “There really hasn’t been any study that looks at canola oil as part of a low-glycemic index diet,” said Cyril Kendall, Ph.D., research associate in the Department of Nutritional Sciences at the University of Toronto. About 125-130 subjects in the Toronto area were recruited and assigned to one of two groups for a three-month intervention: a test canola oil diet and a healthy control diet based on American Diabetes Association guidelines. “There is no point comparing our test diet with an unhealthy diet,” Kendall said. “The canola oil will displace available carbohydrate in the diet, thereby lowering the overall glycemic load.” The study is scheduled to be completed March 31, 2013.

Of Mice and ALA

Most research to date on omega-3 fats and heart health has focused on omega-3s derived

from marine oils, namely EPA and DHA. Plant sources, such as canola and flaxseed oils, contain ALA. A study entitled “Direct Effects of ALA on Lipid and Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Mice” investigated the direct effects of ALA on fat levels and cardio-protection using a newly developed delta-6 knockout mouse. “The inspiration for the study was mainly curiosity-driven,” explained David Ma, Ph.D., associate professor at the University of Guelph. “While I have done much work on EPA and DHA, there remains a fundamental gap in our understanding of the role of ALA. The debate is whether ALA has any biological role other than as a source of material for the synthesis of EPA and DHA. “

Humans have the ability to convert ALA to EPA and DHA, but only at a 1 to 5 percent rate. The delta-6 knockout mouse is useful for the analysis of the direct effects of ALA because it lacks a key protein necessary for the conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA. “Using the [delta-6 knockout mouse] model, we could potentially differentiate whether ALA had direct effects or effects that were dependent on conversion,” Ma said. “Potentially, ALA would have no effect in the knockout mice, thus we could conclude that its benefits are due to conversion. Alternatively, if we observed effects in the mice, ALA would prove to be beneficial on its own.” Normal and knockout mice were fed lard, canola, flaxseed or fish oil. Mice fed fish oil were most protected from fat accumulation and inflammation in the liver, which are hallmarks of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. On measures of fat accumulation, it appears that there is a dose effect of ALA that reduced the severity of fat accumulation and inflammation.

“What surprised us the most is the striking effects observed in the liver, which has relevance for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in humans,” said Ma. “Overall, while EPA and DHA form marine sources were most protective, findings from this study show that ALA has some direct benefits to offer. These findings are relevant given that most North Americans consume omega-3 fat from ALA.” Ma noted there is “much interest” in continuing follow-up studies to further determine how ALA affects fat metabolism and its role in other chronic diseases.

Blood Vessel Disease Prevention

A s t u d y on t h e “E f f e c t o f C a n o l a Oil on Blood Vessel Function in Peripheral A r teria l Disea se” is being conducted in both healthy participants and individuals with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). This disease affects more than 10 million people in North America, narrowing and stiffening blood vessels, which increases the risk of heart attack and stroke five-fold. In fact, those with severe cases of PAD suffer from claud ic ation, which a re cramps in the legs that limit walking range due to lack of oxygen range to the limbs. Participants were randomly assigned to either a canola oil or mixed fat group designed to be representative of the “Western diet” (high in omega-6 polyunsaturated fat) for eight weeks of study. Individuals consumed meals, including baked goods and side dishes, prepared with their study group’s oil. Vascular assessments were conducted at the beginning of the study and after eight weeks. Assessments included the ankle brachial index, pulse wave velocity, claudication walking tests on a treadmill, cognitive function, blood fat profiles, glycemic control, body weight and waist circumference. “Our overall hypothesis is that the fatty acid composition of canola oil will have beneficial effects on vascular function in individuals with PAD,” said Taylor. Researchers have recruited 40 of 50 participants and more than 30 of them have completed the eight-week study. The remaining

participants will be recruited early this fall. Researchers plan to analyze the results once all participants will have completed the eight-week study by November or December 2012.

Liver and Metabolic Function

A 2011 clinical study, “India: Oils, Metabolic Diseases and the Liver,” tested canola and olive pomace oils in people with multiple metabolic abnormalities and compared them with other oils consumed over six months. Metabolic disorders are a combination of imbalances of the body’s biochemical processes. This results in problems like insulin resistance, hypertension, high cholesterol and overweight or obesity, especially abdominal obesity and increased risk of clotting, leading to diabetes, stroke and heart disease. Researchers, led by Anoop Misra, M.D. director of the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases at Fortis Hospitals in New Delhi and director of the National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation in India, examined three groups of 30 people each. The first test group consumed canola oil, the second consumed olive pomace oil and the control group consumed any cooking oil (except oils high in monounsaturated fat, such as safflower oil). Each study group received different oils (20 gm/day). Participants consuming canola oil showed a decrease in waist circumference, significant improvement in insulin activity on blood glucose and tissues, a reduction in triglycerides, an increase in “good” HDL cholesterol, a decrease in liver fat in 57 percent of patients, and improvement of liver enzymes and metabolism. On the other hand, control group participants showed no change in weight, waist circumference, insulin sensitivity, fat in the liver or liver functions. “This study has important implications for Indians who are at heightened risk for diabetes and heart disease,” said Misra. “Just by changing to metabolically-friendly oil, we could avert several chronic, and often lethal, diseases.” According to the Diabetes Foundation of India and National Diabetes, Obesity & Cholesterol Foundation, a person who has metabolic syndrome is twice as likely to develop heart disease and five times as likely to develop diabetes as someone who doesn’t have metabolic syndrome. Almost one-third of the adult population in Delhi has metabolic syndrome. It is also seen in 20 to 30 percent of children studying in Delhi public schools. BRITTANY FARB IS MANAGING EDITOR OF U.S. CANOLA DIGEST.

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Cargill Specialty Canola Program

Pod for pod, Cargill Specialty Canola will make you more money. Choose Cargill Specialty Canola for premier, high-yielding hybrids — from VICTORY® and InVigor® Health — that generate unparalleled profits. And enjoy the convenience of a simple program that saves you time and hassle. Want the proof? Go to cargillspecialtycanola.com.

® The Cargill logo, VICTORY and VICTORY Hybrid Canola logo are registered trademarks of Cargill Incorporated, used under license. InVigor® is a registered trademark of the Bayer Group. Genuity®, Genuity and Design®, Genuity Icons, Roundup Ready®, and Roundup® are trademarks of Monsanto Technology LLC, used under license. Always follow grain marketing and all other stewardship practices and pesticide label directions. Details of these requirements can be found in the Trait Stewardship Responsibilities Notice to Farmers printed in this publication. ©2012 Cargill, Incorporated. All rights reserved.

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Seeding Date and Production System Influence on Canola Performance Location and Weather Greatest Variables Burton Johnson, Ph.D.

Canola seeding date research, funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture, evaluates herbicide-resistant hybrids sown from early May to early June in North Dakota, where approximately 90 percent of the U.S. production occurs. Current seeding date recommendations vary with different regions of the state and range from prior to May 5 (southwest) to May 31 (northeast) to avoid yield reductions from later seeding. Studies were conducted at Research Extension Centers (RECs) in Carrington, Hettinger, Langdon and Minot, N.D. Identifying the optimum seeding date period before yield decline is important for producers to obtain high yields and greater profits. Canola performs better when temperatures range from approximately 65 ⁰ to 75 ⁰F. Temperatures above 85 ⁰F during flowering and seed development are particularly detrimental to seed yield performance. High temperatures are associated with reduced pollination and fertilization as well as lower yield component expressions for pods per plant, seeds per pod and seed weight. Later planting places flowering and seed development during the warmest period (July/August) of the North Dakota summer, which also is when rainfall is the least (August). Consequently, early planting would largely avoid reproductive development during the most heat-stressed period of a normal growing season. Seed yield was influenced by temperature and rainfall conditions during vegetative and reproductive development that were unique for each seeding date, location and year. At the Carrington, Hettinger, and Minot locations, yield was reduced with late-May and early-June seeding dates as compared with earlier seeding dates in 2010. The degree of yield reduction at Carrington was greater than 50 percent when

Langdon REC Williston REC North Central REC Carrington REC NDSU Agronomy Seed Farm

Dickenson REC

Hettinger REC

comparing the early-May and early-June seeding dates. At the southwestern Hettinger location, yield was 2,100 lb/A and 1,300 lb/A from early May seeding dates in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Yield reductions of 11 and 59 percent were noted between early-May and lateMay seeding dates at Hettinger in 2010 and 2011, respectively, and are indicative of the later season heat stress that can occur at this location. Growing conditions are perhaps ideal for canola at Langdon, which is located in Cavalier county in northeastern North Dakota, where approximately 20 to 22 percent of the state’s canola is grown. Seed yield performance across seeding dates ranged from 2,970 to 3,560 lb/A and 2,840 to 3,430 lb/A in 2010 and 2011, respectively, at the Langdon REC. In 2010 at the same location, the effect of seeding date was not significant for seed yield and in 2011, seed yield was higher from the June 16 seeding date as compared to the May 2 seeding date. Seed oil content decreased as seeding date was delayed with reductions ranging from 2.7 to 8.3 percent among the 2010 and 2011 locations when averaged across hybrids. Several seed oil contents from June seeding dates were

Central Grassland REC

less than 40 percent among the Carrington, Hettinger and Minot locations, but not at Langdon. Seed oil contents for the early-May and early-June seeding dates were 45 and 41 percent, respectively, in 2010 and 47.2 and 46.3 percent, respectively, in 2011 at the Langdon REC. The hybrid yield performance was usually similar for a location-year indicating good genetics and effective weed control with both herbicide-resistant types. Two location-years showed hybrid yield differences of about 300 lb/A with one instance for greater yield with glyphosate herbicide resistance and the other for glufosinate herbicide resistance. This year, the study will end and results will be compiled with those from 2010 and 2011 to update seeding date recommendations for North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota. Results to date show the optimum seeding date period varies with the location and is greatly affected by seasonal weather conditions. BURTON JOHNSON, PH.D., IS A PROFESSOR IN THE DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCE AT NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY.

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Pacific Northwest Seeks Additional Canola Varieties New Cultivars Promise Higher Yields Jack Brown, Ph.D.; Jim Davis, Ph.D.; Donna Brown and Megan Wingerson

The Pacific Northwest Canola Variety Trial, a spring canola and rapeseed cultivar testing scheme, has been conducted at sites throughout the region since 1994. In the 2011 trial, 27 cultivars or advanced breeding lines were submitted from six seed companies and breeding programs. Five control cultivars were evaluated at eight locations in Oregon, Washington and Idaho. Cultivar mean yields ranged from 1,603 to 2,313 lb/A-1 when averaged across six sites. Mean yields for individual locations ranged from 719 to 3,017 lb/A -1 and the overall mean was 1,952 lb/A-1. The highest yielding cultivars included InVigor 5440. LL (Bayer Crop Science, 2,313 lb/A-1); 07H874 (Cargill Specialty Canola Oil, 2,113 lb/A-1); HyClass.955.RR (Croplan Genetics, 2,005 lbs. acre-1); DKL 55-55 (Monsanto Company, 2,184 lb/A-1); 2012.CL (Mycogen Seed, 1,903 lb/A-1) and UI04SC.28.4.3 (University of Idaho, 2,048 lb/A -1).

The University of Idaho released two inbred spring canola cultivars, ‘Cara’ (UI.IL.5.6.1) and UI04SC.28.4.3 (still to be named) in 2012. UI04SC.28.4.3 has consistently produced high seed yield throughout a wide range of environments (Table 1). ‘Cara’ is the second University of Idaho spring canola to be released with tolerance to imidazolinone and sulfonylurea herbicides, either foliar-applied or with residual herbicides in the soil. Both new releases have high oil content and early flowering and maturity to avoid heat stress common in the Pacific Northwest. Spring canola in the Pacific Northwest is grown in the higher rainfall regions where traditionally legumes are included in rotation with wheat and barley and where the pre-plant herbicide Pursuit® (imazethapyr) is customary. Also, the imidazolinone-resistant (IMI) wheat has greatly increased the use of Beyond® (imazethapyr) herbicide. Pursuit® and Beyond® are imidazolinone class herbicides, which interferes with

Table 1. Seed yield of ‘Cara’ and UI04SC.28.4.3 spring canola cultivar releases compared to the control cultivars Hyola.401 and the old high oil content cultivar ‘Profit,’ grown in the PNWCVTs 2009, 2010 and 2011. 3-year Average Cultivar

Rank

- 27 sites lbs. acre

2011

2010

2009

- 8 sites -

- 9 sites -

- 10 sites -

-1

Hyola.401

1,829

1,991

1,727

1,790

Profit

1,496

1,624

1,383

1,496

Cara

1,775

1,986

1,624

1,743

UI04SC.28.4.3

1,941

2,048

1,853

1,934

Average

1,759

1,906

1,641

1,748

LSD 5%

140

143

151

129

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s ep t em b er • o c to b er 2012

a plant’s ability to produce acetolactate synthase. Use of Pursuit® and Beyond® herbicides greatly limits the opportunity to include canola in crop rotations as imazethapyr has a long residual in the soil. For example, canola should not be planted for over 40 months after a standard Pursuit® application. Imazamox-resistant canola cultivars are now available. The cultivars are resistant to other imidazolinone class herbicides. In addition to being highly tolerant to application of Beyond® herbicide, imazamox cultivars can be planted on ground with high Pursuit® residues. The University of Idaho recently completed a study to determine the effect of increased rates of imazethapyr herbicide in soil residue on the performance of imaxamox-tolerant and nontolerant cultivars. To simulate different levels of imazethapyr in the soil, four rates of that herbicide (0.1X, 0.2X, 0.4X, 0.8X) were applied and incorporated into the soil along with a non-herbicide control (0.0X). Two imazamox-resistant spring canola cultivars (‘Cara’ and ‘Clearfield Python’) and two non-tolerant cultivars (‘Hyola 357 Magnum’ and ‘DKL 52-41’) were planted into the residue treatments. As expected, applications of imazethapyr herbicide to the soil did not have any effect on seed yield of the imazamox-resistant cultivars (‘Cara’ and ‘Python’) (Figure 1). The yield of the non-imazamox-resistant cultivars also was negatively affected by the soil-applied herbicide, even at the lowest 0.1X rate, and showed greater yield loss with increased dose rates of imazethapyr. Including imidazolinone-tolerant cultivars in rotation with legumes and IMI wheat will allow greater acreage of canola crops and give local growers greater rotational flexibility. The Pacific Northwest is also gearing up for a new $7 million U.S. Department of Agriculture project with the University of Idaho Canola Breeding Group. The five-year project’s goal is to optimize rapeseed and canola crops for oil content and quality as well as increase yield potential

JACK BROWN, PH.D., IS PROFESSOR OF PLANT BREEDING AND GENETICS IN THE CROP AND WEED SCIENCE DIVISION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO IN MOSCOW. ALSO AT THIS UNIVERSITY, JIM DAVIES, PH.D., IS RESEARCH SUPPORT SPECIALIST, DONNA BROWN IS A FORMER CANOLA BREEDER AND MEGAN WINGERSON IS A CANOLA BREEDER.

Figure 1. Yield of ‘Cara,’ ‘CF-Python,’ ‘Hyola.357.Magnum’ and ‘DKL 52-41’ when grown with different levels of imazamox herbicide residual in the soil. 1800 1600 1400

lbs. acre -1

using a combination of genomics and traditional breeding of Brassica napus germplasm and four different recombinant inbred lines. This project will also include remote sensing and crop modeling which will enhance production strategies to incorporate these crops into existing U.S. agricultural systems. Oils from cultivars developed at the University of Idaho will be hydro-treated to produce diesel and jet fuel.

1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0

Cara

CF-Python

Hyola.357.Mag

DKL 52-41

Photo courtesy of Mukhlesur Rahman.

Breeding Program Aims for Disease and Stress Resistance NDSU Pioneering Future Varieties Mukhlesur Rahman, Ph.D.

The major focus of the North Dakota State University Center of Excellence (NDSUCOE) canola breeding program, which began in 2006, is the development of high oil per acre germplasm adapted to North Dakota. The program has developed germplasm with resistance to blackleg and sclerotinia stem rot as well as tolerance to salinity, pod-shattering, frost and heat. Both open-pollinated and hybrid varieties are part of the breeding efforts in cooperation with Monsanto. The breeding program includes Roundup Ready® (RR) and traditional germplasm in winter and spring canola lines. The greenhouse is located at the NDSU campus in Fargo – one of the largest greenhouse facilities in North America. A winter nursery has also been established in Santiago, Chile, for generation advancement by self-pollination and bulk seed harvesting that reduces the breeding cycle

significantly. The canola germplasm field testing program has had over 5,000 plots a year since 2008 and is one of the largest public canola plot-testing programs in North America. North Dakota canola production is mostly located in the northeast and northwest regions of the state, where about 82 percent of its canola grows. NDSU-COE canola testing locations in these regions are in the cities of Langdon, Drake, Minot and Williston. Other testing locations are located in Carrington, Hettinger, Prosper and Fargo. Diseasescreening trials occur in Langdon and Fargo. An artificial misting irrigation system is also available for sclerotinia stem rot screening in Langdon. The germplasm is evaluated for early vigor, crop establishment, days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, lodging, breeder’s impression, seed yield and disease resistance. All seed lines harvested from

experimental plots are evaluated for oil and protein content and fatty acid compositions at the NDSU pilot plant. A high oil per acre, open-pollinated canola breeding line (NDSU-662c) was released from the NDSU-COE breeding program in 2010-11. The variety contained significantly higher oil content and showed superior yield performance in a state variety trial and large-scale plot trials in growers’ fields. Five more breeding lines were identified in a 2011 experimental trial. Analysis is underway on the2012 state canola variety trials conducted by NDSU research and extension centers agronomists. MUKHLESUR R AHMAN, PH.D., IS AN ASSISTANT RESEARCH PROFESSOR IN THE DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCE AT NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY IN FARGO.

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expeCt the beSt fRom

pRoduCtS

This year, 10 Genuity® Roundup Ready® Spring Canola products were tested in 16 trial locations across Minnesota and North Dakota for Performance Ready™ designation. Performance Ready™ products must exceed the average yield of top LibertyLink® InVigor® products at 60% or more of the trial locations. Performance Ready™ products must produce an average yield of 5% or more across all trial locations when compared to top LibertyLink® InVigor® products. Performance Ready™ testing enables higher yield potential by identifying top spring canola genetics which can be used with the unsurpassed weed control offered by the Roundup Ready® system.

ViSit youR Seed Rep oR Genuity.Com

every seed matters to us, because every bushel matters to you. Monsanto Company is a member of Excellence Through Stewardship® (ETS). Monsanto products are commercialized in accordance with ETS Product Launch Stewardship Guidance, and in compliance with Monsanto’s Policy for Commercialization of Biotechnology-Derived Plant Products in Commodity Crops. This product has been approved for import into key export markets with functioning regulatory systems. Any crop or material produced from this product can only be exported to, or used, processed or sold in countries where all necessary regulatory approvals have been granted. It is a violation of national and international law to move material containing biotech traits across boundaries into nations where import is not permitted. Growers should talk to their grain handler or product purchaser to confirm their buying position for this product. Excellence Through Stewardship® is a registered trademark of Biotechnology Industry Organization. ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW PESTICIDE LABEL DIRECTIONS. Roundup Ready® crops contain genes that confer tolerance to glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup® brand agricultural herbicides. Roundup® brand agricultural herbicides will kill crops that are not tolerant to glyphosate. Genuity Design®, Genuity Icons, Genuity®, Roundup Ready®, and Roundup® are trademarks of Monsanto Technology LLC. ©2012 Monsanto Company.

regional news

Canola Growers Break Records in Great Plains Ron Scholar

The 2011-12 Great Plains canola crop was a good one for most producers and a great one for some. After the disastrous drought of 2011, most growers were pleased to have a crop to market. Great Plains canola growers significantly increased their plantings in 2011 compared to previous crops, and with good yields and market prices, that was a very fortunate decision for most. In its June 29 report, the U.S. Department of A g ricu lt u re’s Nat iona l “For the first time ... Agriculture Statistic Service stated t hat Ok la homa we had numerous growers planted a state producers top 2,000 record of 150,000 acres. growers have also pounds per acre. The Kansas been increasing their plantings, but more slowly than early-adopters are their southern neighbors. finally getting to the Unusually warm winter a nd spring weather point where they are caused the canola crop to be ha r vested ea rlier comfortable with the t ha n norma l. Through crop. This is exciting April, t he crop potential appeared to be even because this means greater than the final outcanola is entrenched come but growers always understand the inf luence in their rotation.” of late-se a son we at her conditions. Yield potential was reduced some in the final weeks of the season by hot, dry weather. But on average, yields were the highest seen in the short history of canola production in the Great Plains. “Overall, the past growing season was a big success,” said Dr. Chad Godsey, Ph.D., extension cropping systems specialist and canola researcher at Oklahoma State University. “For the first time since I’ve been involved, we had numerous producers top 2,000 pounds per acre. The early-adopters are finally getting to the point where they are comfortable with the crop. This is exciting because this means canola is entrenched in their rotation. We continue to get improved genetics that will help raise the yield potential.” The positive outcome for this year’s crop will certainly result in increased plantings this fall. Just how much plantings will increase remains to be seen as the region is in the throes of a crippling summer drought.

“We are finally getting our canola acres up,” added Mark Boyles, canola extension specialist and researcher at Oklahoma State University. “We are seeing a very positive response to our original objective of introducing a profitable winter broadleaf crop with the additional benefit of producing high-quality wheat with reduced dockage and foreign material. This is being documented at the elevator and in growers’ fields. I feel we will plant 300,000 acres or more in the fall of 2012 in a wheat-canola rotation. Grower interest is very high in developing such rotation programs for their own farms. To stay competitive, growers in Oklahoma and southern Kansas can no longer depend entirely on monoculture wheat. A winter wheat-winter canola rotation is proving to be an excellent program for growers to consider.” A record number of growers attended Oklahoma State University and Kansas State University production meetings. In late July, more than 300 growers attended the Oklahoma-Kansas Winter Canola Conference in Enid, Okla., and about 150 attended the conference in Altus, Okla. Ron Sholar is executive director of the Great Plains Canola Association in Stillwater, Okla.

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regional news

Acreage Up, Trials Underway Jon Dockter

The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) released its June 2012 Acreage Report, estimating a whopping 107 percent increase in canola harvested acres in Minnesota from 2011 to 2012. While 2011 harvested acres came in at 28,000, 2012 acres jumped to 58,000. Total U.S. harvested acreage for 2012 is expected to rebound from 1,043,000 acres in 2011 to more than 1,593,000 million in 2012 – an increase of more than 50 percent. Of the states NASS includes in its report, Minnesota had the largest yearover-year increase followed by Idaho at 73 percent, Washington at 61 percent, Oklahoma at 53 percent and North Dakota at 51 percent.

Field Day Highlights Multiple Canola Trials The Minnesota Canola Council’s (MCC) 15th Annual Canola Production Centre (CPC) Field Day and Canola Hackers Golf Scramble were held in Roseau, Minn., July 18. More than 50 growers and industry representatives gathered to view the 9-acre site northwest of Roseau. The 2012 CPC trials address a variety and systems comparison, fertility, pre-harvest desiccation and straight-harvesting, seeding date and production system influence on canola performance. There is also a Performance Ready™ hybrids trial, which measure the performance of spring canola hybrids across a variety of brands that demonstrate above-average yield and oil content and utilize the Roundup Ready® trait for weed control and crop safety.

MCC Members Appointed to Government Positions MCC board member and canola grower Robert Rynnning was named to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Farm, Ranch and Rural Communities Committee (FRRCC) for the 2012-14 term. The FRRCC is an independent committee that advises the agency on a wide range of environ mental issues that are important to agriculture and rural communities. Committee members were selected from a large number of applicants responding to a request for nominations published in the Federal Register in February 2012. The FRRCC usually meets twice a year in Washington, D.C. MCC members Hugh Hunt, Glen Nelson and Curt Amundson were appointed to the Minnesota Department of Agriculture. Their positions are effective as of Sept. 1, 2012.

JON DOCKTER IS ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF THE MINNESOTA CANOLA COUNCIL IN ST. PAUL, MINN.

Canola

Capers A thief with a headlamp and bolt cutters hit a Red Rooster in Damascus, Md., in the early morning hours to steal from the small, family owned restaurant. He didn’t come for cash though; instead he stole used canola oil out of the restaurant’s dumpster. The incident is just one of dozens of canola oil thefts across the

U . S . C anola D i g e s t

country this summer. The National Renderers Association estimates that 25 million gallons of used cooking oil is stolen every year. “I have three kids I’m trying to support,” Red Rooster owner Kevin Miller told the Washington Post. “They might as well have cut the lock on the door and come in and taken $200 from the register. It’s the same thing.” Not quite. The pay-off from the caper was “trashy” by comparison. Police in Quincy, Mass., are searching for the thieves who stole canola oil from Cathay Pacific restaurant. The suspects siphoned $500 worth of canola oil out of vats in the back of the restaurant and loaded it into tanks in a

s ep t em b er • o c to b er 2012

waiting van. Cathay Pacific’s manager saw the thieves in action after he heard noises and went to investigate. The manager tried to chase the van and was nearly run over as the thieves made their escape. The thieves credit canola oil’s light texture for the added speed. Farmers in Australia’s Avon Valley are experiencing infestations of mice that come to snack on canola seeds. Kevin Smith farms in Southern Brook, one of the worstaffected areas, and lost 50 acres of canola. He started aerial baiting to catch the hungry rodents. “This is the first time we’ve had to deal with something like this,” said farmer Ray Fulwood. “I have not seen mice in these numbers

before.” Some farmers are hopeful that colder weather may reduce the mice infestation. Meanwhile, the mice credit the canola seeds for lowered cholesterol levels and reduced waistlines. Canola oil caused quite a commotion on California’s I-5 freeway after a truck carrying boxes of the oil spilled on the road in Santa Ana. Several lanes were closed after the 6 a.m. spill and traffic was backed up for miles. The incident didn’t stop the truck driver, who was apparently unaware he left his cargo on the freeway. No injuries were reported. Instead, a few drivers made a welcome pit stop to take advantage of the make-shift Slip ‘n’ Slide.

Donna Brown

Photo courtesy of Donna Brown.

Leaves Canola Sector After 31 Years Reflections on an Illustrious Career Brittany Farb

After making more than 4,000 hybridizations, planting about 244 acres of research plots, publishing 31 peer-reviewed articles and delivering 23 poster and 16 oral presentations around the world, University of Idaho Canola Breeder Donna Brown retired in June 2012. She spoke with U.S. Canola Digest about her 31-year career at the university.

Farb: What makes canola different from other crops with which you have worked?

Farb:

FARB: How did you get into canola breeding?

Farb:

Brown: One of my girlfriends said she didn’t

want her summer job as a plant breeder anymore and I said, “Well, I’ll take it.” So I started it and liked it so much that I started taking classes in plant science. The more classes I took, the more I fell in love with plants themselves and the scientific approach. Science is truly observation and I really enjoyed that.

between species. Specifically, about five or six years ago, I created a cross between canola and oriental mustard. It took thousands of crosses to be successful.

Farb:

Brown: It’s very bright. We have increased

What is the future of canola breeding at the University of Idaho?

yield and quality about 100-fold since I have been here. We now produce about 2,5003,000 pounds per acre of spring canola and about 5,000-7,000 pounds per acre of winter canola. Quality is always very important to my co-workers and those I taught. I did get pretty attached to the students and people I worked with and will miss them.

Brown: More canola is grown as more

How has canola been adopted in the Pacific Northwest?

farmers learn how to grow it and see the benefits of the crop. In the last three years, I’ve seen it grow exponentially.

Farb:

Brown: Just give it a try. Start on a small

What advice do you have for growers to just starting out with canola?

acreage basis and learn from your mistakes. It seems like growers used to put it in the [worst] part of the field, well, no wonder it doesn’t do well. Instead, try just 100 acres that are in a better condition. Try different varieties.

Farb:

Brown: I’m really enjoying retirement. I

How is retired life treating you?

have done so much yard work and projects around the house that I have wanted to do all of my working life. I visit my grandsons, which is also something I have wanted to do and they are growing up pretty fast. Now I can do whatever I want, whenever I want to do it. It is definitely the life, too bad you have to be old to get it.

Farb:

Brown: Absolutely. Olive oil has twice the

Brown: I would say my wide crosses

What do you consider your greatest career accomplishments?

Brown: Farmers that have been growing it for awhile find it quite easy, but it’s something that takes a lot of experience like any other crop. We have growers that are highly successful so it’s not that it’s a difficult crop to grow, you just have to grow it. You have to learn the conditions of the field. It’s a learned experience.

Are you a consumer of canola oil?

amount of saturated fat, so I’m always glad to use canola oil. I just use it in everything from frying to marinating. My daughter and my sister both use it – I have spread the word.

Brittany Farb is managing editor of U.S. Canola Digest.

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Managing Canola Diseases ❰ CONTINUED from PAGE 13

Figure 2. Blackleg plant severity. 5

Blackleg ISeverity (0-5)

technologies in canola such as LibertyLink® or Clearfield® will help combat this weed control issue. Volunteer canola is best controlled by herbicides applied before the five-leaf stage. In the small window of the beginning-toflower stage, herbicide options are limited to Flexstar in soybeans, Huskie® or Wolverine® in small grains and Callisto + atrazine in corn for excellent control for glyphosate-resistant canola. A step down, good control options are Sharpen in corn, soybean and sunflower or MCPA and equivalents in small grains and flax. Other management practices, such as allowing seedling germination in the fall to frost kill, spring tillage prior to plant or chemical burn down in no-till systems, will help to control canola volunteers.

LESLEY LUBENOW IS AN EX TENSION SERVICE AREA SPECIALIST AT THE LANGDON RESEARCH EXTENSION CENTER AT NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY.

First Canola in Four Years

First Canola in Three Years

Canola Every Other Year

Second Year Canola

Continuous Canola

Rotation ‘01

‘02

‘03

‘04

‘05

‘06

‘07

‘08

‘09

‘10

‘11

Source: Jenks, B et al (2010). Impact of preceding crops on incidence and severity of disease in canola. North Central Research Extension Center, Minot, N.D.

Grand Openings Brittany Farb

Bunge Opens State-of-the-Art Culinary Center

Northstar Begins Canola Crushing and Oil Refining

Bunge North America has expanded the Bunge Ingredient Innovation Center (BiiC) for Edible Oils & Carbohydrates in Bradley, Ill., to include a state-of-the-art culinary center. It now offers a unique commercial restaurant setting for customers to test product formulations that meet their required nutritional, performance and taste attributes. BiiC also includes pilot plants for edible oil processing, extrusion and finished products. BiiC aims to provide valuable research, development, training and evaluation of edible oils and carbohydrate ingredients. The enhanced customer-focused capabilities of BiiC include access to the latest in foodservice, bakery and industrial food processing equipment, recipe formulation testing, a corporate dining room and multimedia conference facilities. Staffed by about 25 scientists and research and development professionals, the center supports existing products and customers as well develops innovative solutions for shortenings and oils. Bunge held a grand opening of BiiC on July 24, providing tours, research updates and a lunch served from the center’s kitchen.

Northstar Agri Industries held the grand opening of its canola crushing plant and oil refinery in Hallock, Minn., on Aug. 8. The event included plant tours and speeches from U.S. Representative Collin Peterson, Minnesota Senator LeRoy Stumpf, Minnesota State Representative Dan Fabian, Kittson County Commission Chair Joe Bouvette and Northstar Agri Industries’ President Neil Juhnke. Northstar’s plant became fully operational in May and has the capacity to process 1,000 tons of canola seed per day. It is located 4 miles south of Hallock in Kittson County, Minn., in the middle of the canola-growing regions of Minnesota, North Dakota and Manitoba, where there is transportation and utilities infrastructure. The plant cost $168 million to build and provides more than 50 full-time jobs. Northstar’s products, canola meal and refined canola oil, are marketed by Land O’Lakes Purina Feed, LLC under an exclusive product marketing agreement. Northstar is a subsidiary of PICO Holdings Inc. For more information, go to www.NorthstarAgri.com.

BRITTANY FARB IS MANAGING EDITOR OF U.S. CANOLA DIGEST.

U . S . C anola D i g e s t

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quick bytes

capitol hill The U.S. Canola Association (USCA) wrote to state departments of agriculture on July 23 to increase awareness about the quality differentials of oil and meal derived from canola seed, industrial rapeseed and other members of the Brassica family. According to the letter, there is a “need to keep canola and its crush products segregated from industrial rapeseed and its crush products.” The USCA recommended that identity-preserved or closed loop production systems be officially enforced with continual quality control checks for any industrial rapeseed produced or processed in each state.

agronomy Michigan State Univeristy (MSU) launched its Canola Project in 2008, bringing together farmers, biofuel production experts, MSU professors and extension agents to establish the state as one of the nation’s biofuel leaders. Research efforts have resulted in varieties that can be grown in both the winter and spring. Future goals include increasing canola acreage and cooking oil refining in Michigan as well as exploring ways to improve the efficiency of biofuel production. Mycogen Seeds will offer three NEXERA® canola hybrids – 1016 RR, 1012 RR and 2012 CL – for the 2013 growing season. Adapted to the northern canola-growing areas of the U.S., 1016 RR is a

medium-tall hybrid with resistance to fusarium wilt and blackleg. The hybrid provides an advanced weed control option available in canola with tolerance to glyphosate herbicides and resistance to blackleg and fusarium wilt. 2012 CL is a medium-tall hybrid with resistance to fusarium wilt and moderate resistance to blackleg.

nutrition According to Dr. Mehmet Oz, one of the most important health decisions you will make is which cooking oil to use. Canola oil was featured on the “Dr. Oz Show” as one of the five essential, healthy cooking oils to have at home. Oils high in monounsaturated fat and low in saturated fat made the list, with canola oil having the least saturated fat of all popular cooking oils. “There shouldn’t be anybody in America who doesn’t have a bottle of olive oil and canola oil in their kitchens,” he said. “Canola oil is a bit more stable than olive oil. That’s the main cooking oil I use.” Researchers are studying how dietary components, such as omega-3 fat, may reduce damaging inflammation in the body. New research shows a link between chronic inflammation and a variety of diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer’s, stroke and cancer. Inflammation, the body’s natural response to injury, can become harmful when a poor diet, smoking and excess weight cause inflammation to become chronic. The Wall Street Journal and American Heart Association note that canola oil is a good source of omega-3 fat.

oil for fuel Northstar Agri Industries’ new canola crushing facility in Hallock, Minn., is up and running with the capacity to crush about 345 ,000 tons of canola per year. The oilseed will be sourced from Minnesota and southern Manitoba, with at least 40 percent of it coming from Canada in the next two to three years. “We do hope that Minnesota acreage will rebound in the two- to three-, maybe five-year time horizon, back up to that 200,000 acre level, but even then, we still expect at least 100,000 tons will come out of Canada,” said Neil Juhnke, Northstar president and COO. Pennsylvania State University’s Sustainable Dairy Cropping Systems has an ongoing research project to examine dairy farm sustainability. Since 2010, the study has simulated a 240-acre Pennsylvania dairy farm by growing crops on 12 acres of Penn State’s Agronomy Research Farm, using a computer program to model herd management. Canola has been included in crop rotations to produce fuel for a farm tractor, which is being evaluated for its performance. After being extracted, canola oil is put straight into the tractor with no need to convert it to biodiesel. The leftover canola meal serves as a feed for the farm’s dairy cows.

latest news Cargill Specialty Canola Oils marked its 20th year in 2012 of working with farmers to grow

VICTORY high-oleic canola in Canada and the U.S. “Consumer packaged goods and foodservice companies have long relied on Cargill to be their supplier of specialty oils as they meet growing consumer demand for healthier products – and this is particularly important during times of market volatility,” said Cargill President Jenny Verner. The Dow Chemical Company announced Omega-9 Oils as its first stride in its “breakthrough to world challenges,” addressing one of the company’s 2015 sustainability goals in health. Omega-9 Oils contain no trans fat and have the least saturated fat among common cooking oils. Since 2005, Omega-9 Oils have eliminated more than one billion pounds of trans and saturated fat from the North American diet. Derived from Dow AgroSciences’ NEXERA™ canola and sunflower seeds, Omega-9 Oils are geared towards the commercial food sector. Dow’s 2015 goals include introducing at least three breakthroughs that significantly help solve world challenges in the areas of food, water, energy and climate change, housing and health.

about usca Enter the fourth annual U.S. Canola Digest photo contest for the opportunity to win cash prizes and have your photo published in the magazine! Check out www. uscanola.com for submission details and make it snappy: the deadline for submission is Nov. 1, 2012. Winning submissions will be determined in early December and published in the January/February 2013 U.S. Canola Digest.

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U . S . C anola D i g e s t

canola cooks

Back to School with Canola Oil sheri coleman, B.S.N., R.N.

Schedules change when autumn rolls around, bringing changes to mealtime routines. Whether back to school means college students heading back to the dorm, the chaos of multiple activities for high-schoolers or your little ones returning to elementary school days, it can pose a challenge to family mealtimes. Eating together as a family has proven benefits for children. Studies show they develop healthier eating habits, have better relationships with their parents, get better grades and are less likely to abuse alcohol or drugs. Yet, even in households with predictable schedules, the dinner hour may be short. Planning meals that can be made ahead of time or assembled quickly allows for limited time to be spent at the table instead of the stove. Casseroles, stews and crock-pots are typical solutions to the time crunch at dinner. Dressing up these dishes up with fresh vegetables or salads is a great way to provide a contrast of colors and textures as well as more nutrition. Another health boost is provided by dressings made with a healthy oil. Fats in oils help the body absorb nutrients and a recent study published in Molecular Nutrition & Food Research indicates that the amount matters. The study looked at nutrient absorption from identical salads with different dressings from no fat to full fat. Significantly more nutrients were absorbed when the dressing contained more fat. Naturally, if you are using a high-fat dressing, it should be the most nutritious fat possible. This means using canola oil, which has no saturated or trans fat and a high level of omega-3 fat that help protects the heart. Dressings also make vegetables tastier, and thus, more likely to be eaten. Whether used in a dip for a veggie tray or to dress a salad, canola oil is a good addition to a meal. Both dressing and vegetables can be prepared in advance. Carrots, broccoli, celery, bell peppers, cucumbers, mushrooms, sweet onions and other vegetables that don’t store well in the same container with lettuce can be cut into strips ready for dipping or diced to add to salads at the table. Store them in individual, sealed containers in the refrigerator. Veggie trays and lettuce salads aren’t the only options that can be prepared in advance. A pasta salad (see recipe) or coleslaw can also be made ahead to be ready for quick serving. Either way, canola oil-based dressings and dips can help a healthy family meal fit into the changing routines of “back to school.” Sheri Coleman, B.S.N., R.N., is associate director of the northern Canola growerS association in Bismarck, N.D.

U.S. Canol a Digest

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Chickpea Pasta Salad 3 cups cooked corkscrew pasta, drained and cooled 1 can (14 oz) chickpeas, rinsed and drained ½ cup celery, chopped ½ cup carrots, peeled, coarsely shredded ¹⁄ ³ cup green pepper, seeded and chopped 2 Tbsp green onion tops, finely sliced 1 medium tomato, cut into wedges for garnish Dressing: cup vinegar 2 Tbsp light mayonnaise 1 Tbsp canola oil 2 tsp Dijon style mustard ¼ tsp salt ¼ tsp black ground pepper ¼

1. In large bowl, combine pasta, chickpeas, celery, carrot, green pepper and onion. Toss lightly until evenly mixed. 2. In separate bowl, whisk together dressing ingredients until blended. Pour over pasta and vegetables and toss until evenly coated. Cover and refrigerate for two hours.  3. Just prior to serving, garnish with tomato wedges. Keeps well refrigerated for up to two days.

Average based on 3 CROPLAN ® varieties versus 6 different competitor’s varieties from trials within the same maturity set. Because of factors outside of WinField Solutions’ control, such as weather and product application, results to be obtained, including but not limited to yields, cannot be predicted or guaranteed by WinField Solutions. Results are based upon controlled test and fi eld trials. Actual results may vary. WinField is a trademark and CROPLAN is a registered trademark of WinField Solutions, LLC. © 2012 WinField Solutions, LLC

If your farm wore gloves, our seed would fit like one.

CROPLAN® canola yielded an average of 197 pounds more per acre,

when comparing three CROPLAN® canola varieties to six different competitor’s varieties.

How? By combining cutting-edge technology with decades of highly localized research and

insights, we can provide more precise recommendations, down to the acre. Contact your local

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CANOLA SUCCESS STARTS WITH THE RIGHT GENETICS

Bred to deliver top performance, Pioneer® brand canola hybrids feature industry-leading sclerotinia and clubroot-resistant traits to help deliver top yields in a variety of growing conditions. Talk to your Pioneer sales professional to help match the right product with the right acre. www.pioneer.com/canola

The DuPont Oval Logo is a registered trademark of DuPont. ® TM SM , , Trademarks and service marks of Pioneer. All purchases are subject to the terms of labeling and purchase documents. © 2012 PHII. CANUS024007P333VA