2011-12
See your Career Program Advisor to help you get in the right classes.
Radiologic & Imaging Sciences Bachelor of Science Degree (A.S. to B.S.)
Picture Your Future
Potential Careers
With the increasing complexity of technology and procedures,
This is a 2 + 2 program, meaning you must first complete an associate
professionals often find themselves lacking the necessary skills and knowledge base to advance within their organizations. The A.S. to B.S. degree in Radiologic & Imaging Sciences will help you gain valuable knowledge and skills in radiology
• • • •
Radiology Management/Administration Education Quality Assurance Advanced Clinical Practice in: – Computed Tomography – Magnetic Resonance Imaging
management/administration, teaching and advanced clinical skills in a modality of your choice. A completed bachelor’s degree opens many doors for advancement in your professional career.
Choose from three concentrations: • Computed Tomography (CT) (For registered Radiographers and Radiation Therapists only)
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) • Quality Management (QM) In an advanced position within the radiologic and imaging sciences, you’ll manage high-tech equipment and oversee technologists and the procedures they perform. This is a challenging and growing field with career opportunities in areas such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, mammography, angiography and quality assurance. “The ASRT recognizes the baccalaureate degree as the professional level of radiologic science education. The need for sophisticated imaging management and leadership to respond to the clinical, organizational and fiscal demands facing the healthcare industry supports the creation of advanced educational and skill development opportunities for imaging and therapeutic practitioners.” - American Society of Radiologic Technologists, 2008
Potential Earnings The ASRT 2010 salary survey shows that salaries increase across all of the imaging professions with the attainment of a B.S. degree and/or certifications in advanced imaging modalities. A staff radiographer can achieve a 13% –23% increase in base salary by gaining employment in an advanced modality such as CT, MRI or QM. This survey also suggests that staff technologists in all of the imaging professions can increase their earning potential significantly through promotion to supervisory, administrative or educational positions.
Contacts Health Sciences Career Program Advisor West Campus: 407-582-1288 Visit our website at: valenciacollege.edu/bachelordegrees
Further Educational Opportunities With a completed B.S. degree, additional doors to advanced academic programs are opened. These include graduate degree programs in medicine, physician assistance, radiologist assistance, education, and health services administration.
With a bachelor’s degree in Radiologic and Imaging Sciences, you’ll be on your way to a related career in management, education or an advanced clinical position. Note: The Radiologic & Imaging Sciences program is a limited access program. Students must be prepared for rigorous coursework, and must meet all prerequisites before admission to the program. Receive updates about the program and connect with other students at: facebook.com/ValenciaHealthSciences
©2011 Valencia College ASP032911-08
Radiologic & Imaging Sciences A.S. TO B.S. RADIOLOGIC and IMAGING SCIENCES
+HSC 4640
Health Law and Compliance
3 Cr.
+HSC 4652
Ethics and Healthcare in a Pluralistic Society
3 Cr.
Computed Tomography (CT) Concentration
+RTE 4206
Leadership in Healthcare
3 Cr.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Concentration
+RTE 4914
Research Methods and Information Literacy
3 Cr.
Quality Management (QM) Concentration Limited Access
Concentration: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Division of Allied Health
(15 Cr.)
Program Outcomes
The Radiologic and Imaging Sciences bachelor’s degree offers graduates of Radiography, Diagnostic Medical Sonography, Nuclear Medicine, or Radiation Therapy A.S. degree programs the opportunity to expand their knowledge in advanced modalities or quality management and administration. The Radiologic and Imaging professions are challenging and growing professions with career opportunities in areas such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, mammography, angiography, and quality assurance. With professional experience and additional education at the baccalaureate level, opportunities for management and education career options are enhanced.
• Perform entry level skills competently as described by the scope of practice for magnetic resonance imaging. • Perform effective interpersonal, internal, external and written communication skills within the healthcare environment. • Effectively analyze resources to encourage growth in the profession. • Execute safe clinical decision making in healthcare environment. + RTE 3591
Magnetic Resonance Imaging I
3 Cr.
+* RTE 3592
Magnetic Resonance Imaging II
3 Cr.
+* RTE 4941L
Practicum
3 Cr.
Electives
6 Cr.
Admission Requirements: • Submit Valencia College baccalaureate application • Submit program application to the Radiologic and Imaging Sciences limited access baccalaureate program • Submit official transcripts denoting completion of an A.S. in Radiography, Diagnostic Medical Sonography, Nuclear Medicine, or Radiation Therapy from a regionally accredited college program with a minimum of 68 hours of course work, including 18 credit hours of General Education, as indicated: • Communication
3 Cr.
• Humanities
3 Cr.
• Social Science
3 Cr.
• Mathematics (Gordon Rule)
3 Cr.
• Science
6 Cr.
• Complete the following Common Prerequisites for B.S. Radiologic and Imaging Sciences:
Concentration: Computed Tomography (CT)
(15 Cr.)
Program Outcomes • Perform entry level skills competently as described by the scope of practice for computed tomography. • Perform effective interpersonal, internal, external and written communication skills within the healthcare environment. • Effectively analyze resources to encourage growth in the profession. • Execute safe clinical decision making in healthcare environment. (For Radiographers & Radiation Therapists only)
(18 Cr.)
• +RTE 3590
Computed Tomography
3 Cr.
A. Communication ENC 1102 SPC 1608
6 Cr.
• +RTE 4474
Quality Management
3 Cr
• +*RTE 4941L Electives
Practicum
B. Humanities (Gordon Rule)
6 Cr.
C. Social Science POS 2041 (required if not previously taken)
3 Cr.
D. Mathematics STA 2023
3 Cr.
Valencia General Education Requirements
Radiologic and Imaging Core Requirements
3 Cr 6 Cr.
Concentration: Quality Management (QM)
(15 Cr.)
Program Outcomes
(27 Cr.)
+RTE 3116
Advanced Patient Care
3 Cr.
+RTE 3213
Radiology Information Systems
3 Cr.
+RTE 3765
Anatomy for the Medical Imager
3 Cr.
+RTE 4574
Advanced Imaging Modalities
3 Cr.
+HSC 4555
Pathophysiology
3 Cr.
• Perform entry level skills competently as described by the scope of practice for quality assurance. • Perform effective interpersonal, internal, external and written communication skills within the healthcare environment. • Effectively analyze resources to encourage growth in the profession. • Demonstrate leadership skills essential for effective managerial performance.
Radiologic & Imaging Sciences + RTE 4474
Quality Management
3 Cr.
+ RTE 3205
Administration and Supervision
3 Cr.
+* RTE 4941L
Practicum
3 Cr.
Electives
6 Cr.
Radiologic and Imaging Sciences Electives + RTE 3253
Teaching in the Health Professions
3 Cr.
+ RTE 4208
Managed Care Concepts
3 Cr.
+ HSA 4340
Principles of Human Resources Management
3 Cr.
+ RTE 3205
Administration and Supervision
3 Cr.
+ RTE 4474
Quality Management
3 Cr.
+ RTE 3590
Computed Tomography
3 Cr.
+ RTE 3591
Magnetic Resonance Imaging I
3 Cr.
+* RTE3592
Magnetic Resonance Imaging II
3 Cr.
Foreign Language Proficiency Requirements See Degree Graduation Requirements below. Degree Graduation Requirements • A 2.0 Valencia and Overall GPA • Satisfy Valencia’s General Education requirements, Gordon Rule, and CLAS requirements • 42 semester credits of upper division course work completed • 25% of course work (32 semester credits) must be completed in residency at Valencia • Two years of one foreign language in high school or one year foreign language in college (or equivalent proficiency prior to graduation) Total Semester Credits Required
128 Credits
TRANSFER NOTES: • Students transferring from a regionally accredited Florida public institution with an AA degree or with the general education program (GEP) requirements of that institution met have thereby satisfied Valencia GEP requirements. • 1000 and 2000 level courses do not substitute for upper division 3000 – 4000 level courses. Specialized courses may not be offered every session or on every campus. + This course must be completed with a grade of C or better. * This course has a prerequisite; check description in Valencia catalog. REGISTRATION NOTE: Once a student has been approved as “Course Registration Eligible,” it is the student’s responsibility to secure enrollment in the desired course(s).
Radiologic ImagingTechnology Sciences Bachelor of Science Degree Drafting and&Design ADMISSION CRITERIA and CHECKLIST Application Priority Deadlines: 'BMM 5FSN o +VMZ 4QSJOH 5FSN o /PWFNCFS 4VNNFS 5FSN o "QSJM 7BMFODJB T 3BEJPMPHJD *NBHJOH 4DJFODFT # 4 1SPHSBN JT B MJNJUFE BDDFTT QSPHSBN 4UVEFOUT BSF BENJUUFE BU UIF CFHJOOJOH PG FBDI UFSN The minimum admission requirements that must be satisямБed prior to submitting an application to the Radiologic & Imaging Sciences Program are: @@@@@@
FWJFX UIF HFOFSBM BENJTTJPO SFRVJSFNFOUT GPS )FBMUI 4DJFODFT QSPHSBNT JO UIF 3 "ENJTTJPOT TFDUJPO PG UIF 7BMFODJB DBUBMPH BOE SFWJFX UIF )FBMUI 4DJFODFT 1SPHSBN (VJEFMJOFT JODMVEFE JO UIJT QSPHSBN HVJEF
@@@@@@
4 VCNJU B DPNQMFUFE 7BMFODJB "QQMJDBUJPO GPS "ENJTTJPO WJB 7BMFODJB T XFCTJUF BU XXX WBMFODJBDD FEV BENJTTJPOT BOE QBZ UIF BQQMJDBUJPO GFF TBUJTGZ UIF SFRVJSFNFOUT GPS %FHSFF 4FFLJOH 4UBUVT JODMVEJOH TVCNJTTJPO PG BMM P─ЛDJBM USBOTDSJQUT BOE CF JO "DUJWF 4UVEFOU 4UBUVT
@@@@@@
$PNQMFUF UIF QSFSFRVJTJUFT GPS BENJTTJPO JODMVEJOH BO " 4 EFHSFF JO 3BEJPHSBQIZ %JBHOPTUJD .FEJDBM 4POPHSBQIZ /VDMFBS .FEJDJOF 5FDIOPMPHZ PS 3BEJBUJPO ╔иFSBQZ XIJDI JODMVEFT BU MFBTU DSFEJU IPVST PG HFOFSBM FEVDBUJPO DPVSTFXPSL ."$ $PMMFHF "MHFCSB BOE #4$ $ )VNBO "OBUPNZ BOE 1IZTJPMPHZ ** XJUI B NJOJNVN HSBEF PG i$ w
@@@@@@
)BWF B NJOJNVN PWFSBMM DPMMFHF (1" PG JODMVEJOH USBOTGFS XPSL
@@@@@@
4 VCNJU P─ЛDJBM USBOTDSJQUT EFOPUJOH DPNQMFUJPO PG BO " 4 EFHSFF JO 3BEJPHSBQIZ %JBHOPTUJD .FEJDBM 4POPHSBQIZ /VDMFBS .FEJDJOF 5FDIOPMPHZ 3BEJBUJPO ╔иFSBQZ PS FRVJWBMFOU GSPN B SFHJPOBMMZ BDDSFEJUFE DPMMFHF QSPHSBN
@@@@@@
8IFO /VNCFST o BSF DPNQMFUF TVCNJU B DPNQMFUFE 7BMFODJB 3BEJPMPHJD *NBHJOH 4DJFODFT # 4 1SPHSBN BQQMJDBUJPO CZ UIF BQQMJDBUJPO EFBEMJOF UP UIF )FBMUI 4DJFODFT "EWJTJOH 0─ЛDF PO 8FTU $BNQVT ╔иF BQQMJDBUJPO DBO CF GPVOE BU XXX WBMFODJBDD FEV IFBMUI
@@@@@@
4 VCNJU UP B DBNQVT #VTJOFTT 0─ЛDF UIF OPO SFGVOEBCMF )FBMUI 4DJFODFT QSPHSBN BQQMJDBUJPO GFF DIFDL PS NPOFZ PSEFS QBZBCMF UP 7BMFODJB $PMMFHF ╔иJT GFF NVTU CF QBJE XJUI FBDI )FBMUI 4DJFODFT QSPHSBN BQQMJDBUJPO
@@@@@@
"UUBDI ZPVS DVSSFOU "NFSJDBO 3FHJTUSZ PG 3BEJPMPHJD 5FDIOPMPHJTUT "335 DFSUJmDBUJPOT "NFSJDBO 3FHJTUSZ PG %JBHOPTUJD .FEJDBM 4POPHSBQIFST "3%.4 /VDMFBS .FEJDJOF 5FDIOPMPHZ $FSUJmDBUJPO #PBSE /.5$# PS FRVJWBMFOU DFSUJmDBUJPO EPDVNFOUBUJPO
╔иF FTUJNBUFE UPUBM DPTU GPS UIF #4 JO 3BEJPMPHJD *NBHJOH 4DJFODFT EFHSFF JODMVEJOH UVJUJPO TQFDJBM DPVSTF GFFT BOE BTTPDJBUFE FYQFOTFT TVDI BT VOJGPSNT JNNVOJ[BUJPOT BOE MJDFOTJOH JT EPFT OPU JODMVEF UFYUCPPLT
Radiologic ImagingTechnology Sciences Bachelor of Science Degree Drafting and&Design DIVISION OF HEALTH SCIENCES PROGRAM GUIDELINES for ALL LIMITED ACCESS PROGRAMS 7BMFODJB T )FBMUI 4DJFODFT QSPHSBNT BSF PĊFSFE UISPVHI UIF %JWJTJPOT PG "MMJFE )FBMUI BOE /VSTJOH XIJDI QSPWJEF JOGPSNBUJPO BCPVU TQFDJmD BENJTTJPO DSJUFSJB GPS UIF QSPHSBNT ɨF )FBMUI 4DJFODFT 1SPHSBN (VJEFT PG XIJDI UIJT JT POF BSF EFWFMPQFE GPS B TQFDJmD BDBEFNJD ZFBS "VHVTU UP +VMZ BOE BT B SVMF DIBOHFT UP BENJTTJPO BOE QSPHSBN SFRVJSFNFOUT CFDPNF FĊFDUJWF BU UIF TUBSU PG BO BDBEFNJD ZFBS IPXFWFS Valencia College reserves the right to make changes in admission and program requirements as circumstances require. *G B NJE ZFBS DIBOHF CFDPNFT OFDFTTBSZ JU XJMM CF JOEJDBUFE JO UIF JOGPSNBUJPO GPS UIF TQFDJmD QSPHSBN PO UIF 7BMFODJB XFCTJUF BU WBMFODJBDD FEV CBDIFMPSEFHSFFT .PTU QSPHSBNT IBWF BO BQQMJDBUJPO EFBEMJOF TPNF EP OPU *G B QSPHSBN BQQMJDBUJPO EFBEMJOF GBMMT PO 4BUVSEBZ 4VOEBZ PS B 7BMFODJB IPMJEBZ UIF EFBEMJOF XJMM CFDPNF UIF GPMMPXJOH 7BMFODJB CVTJOFTT EBZ )FBMUI 4DJFODFT QSPHSBN BQQMJDBUJPOT BSF BWBJMBCMF BU WBMFODJBDD FEV IFBMUI 5P TVCNJU BO BQQMJDBUJPO UP B )FBMUI 4DJFODFT QSPHSBN ZPV NVTU CF B 6 4 DJUJ[FO PS QFSNBOFOU SFTJEFOU "MM DPNNVOJDBUJPO GSPN 7BMFODJB SFMBUJWF UP QSPHSBN BENJTTJPO XJMM CF WJB ZPVS "UMBT F NBJM BEESFTT 8SJUUFO DPNNVOJDBUJPO ZPV JOJUJBUF XJUI 7BMFODJB TUBĊ TIPVME BMTP CF WJB ZPVS "UMBT F NBJM BDDPVOU BOE TIPVME JODMVEF ZPVS GVMM OBNF BOE ZPVS 7BMFODJB *% OVNCFS BACKGROUND CHECK, DRUG TESTING, IMMUNIZATIONS AND CPR CERTIFICATION ɨF )FBMUI 4DJFODFT QSPHSBNT JODMVEF TUVEFOU DMJOJDBM SPUBUJPOT JO FYUFSOBM BċMJBUF IFBMUI DBSF GBDJMJUJFT XJUI XIJDI 7BMFODJB IBT DPOUSBDUT GPS TUVEFOU DMJOJDBMT ɨF BċMJBUFT QPMJDJFT SFRVJSF UIBU TUVEFOUT TFSWJOH JO B DMJOJDBM SPUBUJPO IBWF UIFJS DJWJM SJHIUT JOUBDU BOE CF GSFF PG TQFDJmD PĊFOTFT UIBU XPVME EJTRVBMJGZ UIFN GPS B TUVEFOU DMJOJDBM ɨVT BMM TUVEFOUT accepted UP B )FBMUI 4DJFODFT QSPHSBN BSF SFRVJSFE UP TVCNJU UP B DSJNJOBM CBDLHSPVOE DIFDL BOE ESVH UFTUJOH BOE QSPWJEF EPDVNFOUBUJPO PG TQFDJmD JNNVOJ[BUJPOT BOE $13 DFSUJmDBUJPO following acceptance to a program and prior to placement in a clinical practicum If you have a positive background check or drug testing, you may be denied enrollment in a Health Sciences program due to the inability to participate in a clinical practicum *G ZPV IBWF DPODFSOT SFHBSEJOH ZPVS CBDLHSPVOE ZPV BSF FODPVSBHFE UP NBLF DPOUBDU XJUI UIF )FBMUI 4DJFODFT $BSFFS 1SPHSBN "EWJTPS TRANSPORTATION TO CLINICAL SITES *G BDDFQUFE UP B QSPHSBN ZPV XJMM CF SFTQPOTJCMF GPS GVSOJTIJOH USBOTQPSUBUJPO UP UIF DPNNVOJUZ BOE PS IPTQJUBM GBDJMJUJFT VTFE CZ 7BMFODJB GPS DMJOJDBM QSBDUJDF 7BMFODJB JT BO &RVBM 0QQPSUVOJUZ *OTUJUVUJPO
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR ADMISSION AND PROGRESSION INDIVIDUALS WITH A DISABILITY: 'PS UIF QVSQPTF PG UIF 3BEJPMPHJD *NBHJOH 4DJFODFT 1SPHSBN B iRVBMJmFE JOEJWJEVBM XJUI B EJTBCJMJUZ JT POF XIP XJUI PS XJUIPVU SFBTPOBCMF BDDPNNPEBUJPOT PS NPEJmDBUJPOT NFFUT UIF FTTFOUJBM FMJHJCJMJUZ SFRVJSFNFOUT GPS QBSUJDJQBUJPO JO UIF QSPHSBN w ɨF %JWJTJPO PG )FBMUI 4DJFODFT BU 7BMFODJB NBLFT OP QSFBENJTTJPO JORVJSJFT DPODFSOJOH BO BQQMJDBOU T EJTBCJMJUZ TUBUVT *OGPSNBUJPO SFMBUFE UP BO BQQMJDBOU T EJTBCJMJUJFT JT OPU B QBSU PG UIF JOGPSNBUJPO SFWJFXFE CZ UIF "ENJTTJPO $PNNJUUFF 3BEJPMPHJD *NBHJOH 4DJFODFT BSF QSBDUJDF EJTDJQMJOFT XJUI DPHOJUJWF TFOTPSZ BĊFDUJWF BOE QTZDIPNPUPS QFSGPSNBODF SFRVJSFNFOUT #BTFE PO UIFTF SFRVJSFNFOUT UIF GPMMPXJOH MJTU PG i$PSF 1FSGPSNBODF 4UBOEBSETw IBT CFFO EFWFMPQFE &BDI TUBOEBSE IBT BO FYBNQMF PG BO BDUJWJUZ PS BDUJWJUJFT XIJDI B TUVEFOU XJMM CF SFRVJSFE UP QFSGPSN XIJMF FOSPMMFE JO UIF QSPHSBN ɨFTF TUBOEBSET BSF B QBSU PG FBDI DPVSTF BOE PG UIF SPMF FYQFDUBUJPO PG BO *NBHJOH QSPGFTTJPOBM ɨFTF 1FSGPSNBODF 4UBOEBSET TIPVME CF VTFE UP BTTJTU TUVEFOUT JO EFUFSNJOJOH XIFUIFS BDDPNNPEBUJPOT PS NPEJmDBUJPOT BSF OFDFTTBSZ GPS UIF TUVEFOU UP NFFU QSPHSBN SFRVJSFNFOUT " TUVEFOU XIP JEFOUJmFT QPUFOUJBM EJċDVMUJFT XJUI NFFUJOH UIF 1FSGPSNBODF 4UBOEBSET TIPVME DPNNVOJDBUF IJT IFS DPODFSOT UP BO BEWJTPS JO UIF 0ċDF GPS 4UVEFOUT XJUI %JTBCJMJUJFT ɨF TUVEFOU IBT UIF SFTQPOTJCJMJUZ UP JEFOUJGZ BOE EPDVNFOU UIF EJTBCJMJUZ BOE UP SFRVFTU SFBTPOBCMF BOE BQQSPQSJBUF BEKVTUNFOUT %FUFSNJOBUJPO JT NBEF PO BO JOEJWJEVBM CBTJT BT UP XIFUIFS BOZ BDDPNNPEBUJPOT PS NPEJmDBUJPOT DBO CF SFBTPOBCMZ NBEF (Continued)
Radiologic ImagingTechnology Sciences Bachelor of Science Degree Drafting and&Design PERFORMANCE STANDARDS continued ISSUE
STANDARD
EXAMPLES OF REQUIRED ACTIVITIES (NOT ALL INCLUSIVE)
$SJUJDBM ɨJOLJOH
$SJUJDBM UIJOLJOH BCJMJUZ TVċDJFOU GPS TBGF DMJOJDBM KVEHNFOU
*EFOUJGZ DBVTF FĊFDU SFMBUJPOTIJQT JO DMJOJDBM TJUVBUJPOT &WBMVBUF SBEJPHSBQIT UP BTDFSUBJO UIBU UIFZ DPOUBJO QSPQFS JEFOUJmDBUJPO BOE BSF PG EJBHOPTUJD WBMVF 4FMFDU FYQPTVSF GBDUPST BOE BDDFTTPSZ EFWJDFT GPS BMM SBEJPHSBQIJD QSPDFEVSFT XJUI DPOTJEFSBUJPO PG QBUJFOU TJ[F BHF BOE FYUFOU PG EJTFBTF "TTFTT QBUJFOU T DPOEJUJPO BOE OFFET GSPN B EJTUBODF PG BU MFBTU GFFU *OJUJBUF QSPQFS FNFSHFODZ DBSF QSPUPDPMT JODMVEJOH $13 CBTFE PO BTTFTTNFOU EBUB
*OUFSQFSTPOBM
*OUFSQFSTPOBM BCJMJUJFT TVċDJFOU UP JOUFSBDU XJUI JOEJWJEVBMT GBNJMJFT BOE HSPVQT GSPN B WBSJFUZ PG TPDJBM FNPUJPOBM DVMUVSBM BOE JOUFMMFDUVBM CBDLHSPVOET
&TUBCMJTI SBQQPSU XJUI QBUJFOUT GBNJMJFT BOE DPMMFBHVFT
$PNNVOJDBUJPO
$PNNVOJDBUJPO BCJMJUJFT TVċDJFOU GPS JOUFSBDUJPO XJUI PUIFST JO WFSCBM BOE XSJUUFO GPSN
$PNNVOJDBUF JO &OHMJTI UP UIF QBUJFOU JO PSEFS UP DPOWFSTF JOTUSVDU UIF QBUJFOU SFMJFWF BOYJFUZ HBJO UIFJS DPPQFSBUJPO EVSJOH QSPDFEVSFT VOEFSTUBOE UIF QBUJFOU XIFO DPNNVOJDBUJOH TZNQUPNT PG B NFEJDBM FNFSHFODZ 3FBE UIF QBUJFOU T NFEJDBM DIBSU BOE PS QIZTJDJBO T PSEFST -FHJCMZ XSJUF QBUJFOU IJTUPSZ %PDVNFOUT PXO BDUJPOT BOE QBUJFOU SFTQPOTFT BT JOEJDBUFE
.PCJMJUZ
1IZTJDBM BCJMJUJFT TVċDJFOU UP NPWF GSPN SPPN UP SPPN BOE NBOFVWFS JO TNBMM TQBDFT
"TTJTU BMM QBUJFOUT BDDPSEJOH UP JOEJWJEVBM OFFET BOE BCJMJUJFT JO NPWJOH UVSOJOH USBOTGFSSJOH GSPN USBOTQPSUBUJPO EFWJDFT UP UIF Y SBZ UBCMF FUD #F BCMF UP QVTI QVMM BOE MJGU QPVOET 1VTI B TUSFUDIFS XIFFMDIBJS PS PUIFS USBOTQPSUBUJPO EFWJDF XJUIPVU JOKVSZ UP TFMG QBUJFOU PS PUIFST 1VTI B QPSUBCMF Y SBZ NBDIJOF GSPN POF MPDBUJPO UP BOPUIFS JODMVEJOH UVSOJOH DPSOFST HFUUJOH PO BOE PĊ PG BO FMFWBUPS BOE NBOJQVMBUJOH JU JO B QBUJFOU T SPPN
.PUPS 4LJMMT
(SPTT BOE mOF NPUPS BCJMJUJFT TVċDJFOU UP QSPWJEF TBGF BOE FĊFDUJWF DBSF
.BOVBMMZ NPWF UIF Y SBZ UVCF BOE QPTJUJPO UIF UVCF BU WBSJPVT BOHMFT BU IFJHIUT VQ UP GFFU "DDVSBUFMZ ESBX VQ TUFSJMF DPOUSBTU NFEJB BOE PUIFS TPMVUJPOT XJUIPVU DPOUBNJOBUJOH UIF TZSJOHF BOE PS OFFEMF FUD 1MBDF DBTTFUUFT JO #VDLZ USBZT BOE TQPU mMN EFWJDFT BOE QSPQFSMZ NBOJQVMBUF BMM MPDLT 1IZTJDBMMZ CF BCMF UP BENJOJTUFS FNFSHFODZ DBSF JODMVEJOH QFSGPSNJOH $13 #F BCMF UP TUBOE GPS QFSJPET BT MPOH BT IPVST XFBSJOH MFBE BQSPOT BOE UP XBML B EJTUBODF PG NJMFT EVSJOH B OPSNBM XPSL EBZ
)FBSJOH
"VEJUPSZ BCJMJUJFT TVċDJFOU UP NPOJUPS BOE BTTFTT QBUJFOU OFFET BOE UP QSPWJEF B TBGF FOWJSPONFOU
)FBS B QBUJFOU UBML JO B OPSNBM UPOF GSPN B EJTUBODF PG GFFU )FBS NPOJUPS BMBSN FNFSHFODZ TJHOBMT
7JTVBM
7JTVBM BCJMJUZ TVċDJFOU GPS PCTFSWBUJPO BOE BTTFTTNFOU OFDFTTBSZ JO UIF PQFSBUJPO PG FRVJQNFOU BOE DBSF PG QBUJFOUT
0CTFSWF UIF QBUJFOU JO PSEFS UP BTTFTT UIF QBUJFOU T DPOEJUJPO BOE PS OFFET GSPN B EJTUBODF PG BU MFBTU GFFU $BO TFF OVNCFST MFUUFST DBMJCSBUJPOT FUD PG WBSZJOH TJ[FT MPDBUFE PO FRVJQNFOU VUJMJ[FE CZ B SBEJPHSBQIFS
5BDUJMF
5BDUJMF BCJMJUZ TVċDJFOU GPS QBUJFOU BTTFTTNFOU BOE PQFSBUJPO PG FRVJQNFOU
1FSGPSN QBMQBUJPO UBDUJMF BTTFTTNFOU BOE NBOJQVMBUJPO PG CPEZ QBSUT UP JOTVSF QSPQFS CPEZ QMBDFNFOU BOE BMJHONFOU .BOJQVMBUF EJBMT CVUUPOT BOE TXJUDIFT