ItØmen°mk` XIcpIbmtWm? ^mZ¿ sk_m-Ãy≥ Im∏≥ 1970 (hnhmlw Ign°m\m{Kln°p∂ sshZnI¿, At]£Icn√mØXpsIm≠v ]q´nbntS≠nhcp∂ aT߃, Bib]camb kwL´\߃ ˛ ChbpsS ]›mØeØn¬ ]pXnb Ne\ßsf∏ddn Hcp hnebncpج.) ItØmen°mk` C∂v Hcp {]Xnk‘nL´sØ A`napJoIcnbv°bmWv. Ct∂hsc kXysa∂pw \nXysa∂pw I¬]n°s∏´p t]m∂ ]eXpw C∂p tNmZyw sNøs∏Sp∂p. \qdp°W°n\p sshZnI¿ sshZnIhrØn Dt]£n®p hnhmlnXcmhp∂p. 1963˛\pw 1968˛\panSbv°v 7137 sshZnI¿ hnhmlm\paXn tNmZn®Xmbn HutZymKnIambn ÿncoIcn°s∏´ Hcp dnt∏m¿´n¬ ImWp∂p. Ahcn¬ 5652 t]¿°v A\paXn e`n°bpw sNbvXp. C{XtØmftam CXntesdtbm hcpw A\phmZw hmßm≥ an\s°SmsX hnhmlnXcmIp∂h¿. k\ymkn\nIfpsSbpw IY CXp Xs∂. IqSmsX, A¿∞n\nIfn√mØXpsIm≠v aTßfpw sshZnIhnZym¿∞nIƒ C√mØXn\m¬ skan\mcnIfpw ]teSØpw ]q´nbntS≠n h∂ncn°bmWv. aXI¿Ωßfn¬ ]s¶Sp°p∂hcpsS kwJybnepw KWyamb Ipdhp h∂Xmbn ImWmw. bqtdm∏nse ImcysaSpØm¬, \KchmknIfmb hnizmknIfn¬ GXm≠p ]Øp iXam\ta RmbdmgvN Znhy _enbn¬ ]s¶Sp°p∂pffq. Chcntem, Gdnb ]¶pw inip°fpw hr≤cpw. Nn¥n°p∂ bphXeapd k`bpsS Im¿ΩnIPohnXØn¬ \n∂v AI∂p t]mhpIbmWv. k`sb C∂`napJoIcn°p∂ hnjamhÿbpsS as‰mcp hiamWv Bib]camb kwL´\߃. IpSpw_mkq{XWsØ ]ddnbpff t]mƒ am¿∏m∏bpsS Nm{InI teJ\w Hcp tImfnf°w Xs∂ kr„n®p hn´p. Ir{Xntam]IcW߃ sIm≠pff P\\ \nb{¥Ww A[m¿ΩnIamsW∂ HutZymKnI {]kvXmhØn\p hncp≤amsbmcp \ne]mSmWv {^m≥kv, t]mf≠v, P¿Ω\n, Hmkv{Xnb, s_¬Pnbw, kvIm≥Unt\hnb, Cw•≠v, Iym\U F∂o cmPyßfnse sa{Xm∑m¿ kzoIcn®Xv. CΩmXncn Bib {[phoIcW߃ ImWmw ss{IkvXh XXz kwlnXbpsS a‰p taJeIfnepw. Cu kw`hhnImkßsf√mw t\m°n°mWp∂h¿°p ItØmen°m k`msku[w XI¿∂p \new ]Xn°m≥ t]mIp∂ {]XoXnbmWv D≠mhpI. Cu ]cnh¿Ø\߃°p ]n∂nepff ImcWßtfhbmWv? Ahsb \msaßns\ hnebncpØWw?- F∂o {]iv\߃°p `mKnIamsbmcpØcamWv Cu teJ\w. aXw aX\nct]£ temIØn¬ aXmflIX a\pjys‚ hnizho£WsØ°qSn B{ibn®ncn°pw. Cu hnizho£WØnemhs´ C∂v ASnÿm\]camb amdd߃ h∂ncn°bmWv. ]s≠ms° Cu {]]©w Cuizcabambn´mWv a\pjy\v A\p`hs∏´Xv. I√nepw Imhnepw BImitKmfßfnepw {]]©i‡nIfnepsams° Ah≥ I≠Xv tZh∑mscbpw tZhXIsfbpamWv. Ct∂m? imkv{Xhpw kmt¶XnI ⁄m\hpw {]]©sØ ëCuizc_m[sbmgn™ X\n{]]©ambn am‰nbncn°p∂p. CtXhsc Cuizcob]cnthjaWn™p \n∂ {]Xn`mk߃ ëRm≥ ssZha√, ëRm≥ ssZha√í F∂p ]d™p KthjIs‚ apºn¬ AWn\nc°pIbmWv. ag s]øp∂Xpw CSn sh´p∂Xpsams° Hfn™ncn°p∂ ssZhnI i‡nIfpsS CSs]S¬ sIm≠√, {]]©Øn¬ A¥¿eo\ambXpw \nco£W]co£W߃°p hg- ß p- ∂ Xpamb i‡nIfpsS {]h¿Ø\w sIm≠msW∂p km[mcW°m¿°pt]mepw t_m[yambnhcp∂p≠v.
hf¿∂phcp∂ Cu imkv{Xobmht_m[w km{ºZmbnI aXØn¬ Dƒt®¿∂p InS°p∂ BibmNmcßsf hna¿i\_p≤ym t\m°n°≠p hnebncpØphm≥ ss{IkvXh¿°p t{]cW \¬In. Chcn¬ Nn¥n°p∂h¿s°¶nepw t_m[ys∏´p, \nehnepff k{ºZmbßfn¬ ]eXpw kXyØn¬ k`mXcphn¬ ]S¿∂p ]nSn® CØn°ÆnIfmsW∂pw AsX√mw sh´n\o°nbmte k`bv°p `mhnbpffp F∂pw. hnIkn®ph∂ imkv{Xobho£Ww Cßs\ k`m\hoIcWØn\v A\pIqeamb kmlNcy߃ kr„n®p. {]]©w ëCuizc_m[bn¬\ns∂∂t]mse kaqlw aXm[n]XyØn¬\n∂pw kzX{¥amhp∂Xs{X C∂sØ kwkvIrXnbpsS thsdmcp khntijX. CX¬]sam∂p hniZoIcnt® ]‰q. a‰p temIaXßsft∏mse {InkvXpaXhpw AXnt‚Xmb Hcp ]pWytemIsØ ˛ Cuizc\p {]XnjvTn°s∏´ ÿeImeßsfbpw hy‡nIsfbpw Dƒs∏SpØnbpff Hcp khntij aWvUesØ ˛ kr„n®ph®p. Cu {]XnjvTnXtemIsØ kpJZp:J߃ DƒØnßnb km[mcWtemIØn¬ \n∂p thensI´n th¿Xncn®p \n¿Øn, AXn\p as‰m∂n\pan√mØ ip≤nbpw Hu∂Xyhpw I¬]n°bpw sNbvXp. CtXmsSm∏w km[mcWtemIw {]kvXpX ]pWytemIØn\p Iogvs∏´ncn°Ww F∂ {]amWhpw ]cs° AwKoIrXambn. Cu {]amWsØsNm√n k` PohnXØns‚ Hmtcm taJebnte°pw tIdns®∂v AhnsS kz¥w B[n]Xyapd∏n®p. Aßs\ Ie, cm{„obw, \oXn\ymbw, hnZym`ymkw XpSßnb kaqlPohnXØns‚ F√m XpdIfpw aXm[nImcØns‚ Iognea¿∂p. AXpt]mse, XXzNn¥ Cuizchn⁄m\obXns‚ Zmknbmbn XcwXmgvØs∏SpIbpw sNbvXp. CtXKXntISph∂p imkv{XØn\pw. ss__nfns‚ ]Zm\pkmcnbmb hymJym\tØmSp s]mcpØ∏SmØ imkv{Xnb kn≤m¥ßsf√mw ]cam_≤ambn ]pdwXffs∏´p. C{]Imcw PohnXØns‚ F√m taJeIsfbpw AS°n`cn® Hcp aXmflIkwkvIrXn bqtdm∏nemsI ]S¿∂p ]¥en®p \n∂p. aXm[n]Xyw XIcp∂p Cu ëss{IkvXhí kwkvIrXn C∂p XIcpIbmWv. A√, XI¿∂p Igns™∂p Xs∂ ]dbmw. CXn\pØchmZn kmaqlyhnπhhpw hymhkmbnI hnπhhpw k¿t∆m]cn imkv{Xob ]ptcmKXnbpamWv. BZyw aXm[n]XyØns‚ ]nSnbqcnt∏m∂Xp cm{„amWv; ]n∂mse a\pjy {]bXv\Øns‚ a‰p taJeIfpw. C∆n[w kaqlw aX\nct]£ambn. (F¶nepw aXm[n]XyØnt‚Xmb at\m`mhhpw k{ºZmbßfpw C∂pw AhnShnsS \ne\n¬°p∂p s≠∂ Imcyw \mw ad°cpXv.) Cu ÿnXnhnImkw ]ecn¬ ]e hn[apff {]XnIcWamWp kr„n®Xv. aXm[n]XyImesØ k`bpsS kph¿ÆZibmbn ImWp∂hcn¬ AXv hn{`m¥nbpw \„t_m[hpw Dfhm°n; ]ptcmKat\—p°fntem, kwXr]v X nbpw ip`m]v X n hnizmkhpw. c≠maØhcpsS Nn¥mKXn GXm≠ohgn°mWv: ]cºcmKXamb aXm[n]Xyw ss{IkvXhk`bpsS kmcmwiØn¬ s]´X√. AXv \mamhtijamIp∂XpsIm≠v tbip{InkvXphns‚ k`bv°v Hcp tIm´hpw hcm≥ t]mIp∂n√. adn®mWv kXyØns‚ InS∏v. a\pjy{]bXv\Øns‚ hnhn[ taJeIƒ aXta¬t°mbvabn¬ \n∂p kzmX{¥yw t\SnsbSpØXv a\pjyhwiw {]mb]cn]mIØnseØn F∂Xns\bt{X shfns∏SpØpI. Cu {]mb]cn]mIamhs´ ssZhalXzØns‚ adphiw am{XamWv. aI\v {]mb]q¿Øn h∂Xp sIm≠v A∏\v D¬°¿jat√ D≠mhpI, A]I¿ja√s√m. BIbm¬ cm{„hpw hnZym`ymkhpw a‰pw k`bpsS \nb{¥WØn¬ \n∂v HgnhmIp∂Xv F√m {]_p≤ss{IkvXhcpw kzmKXw sNbvtX Xocq. F∂ncn°nepw, k` euInIPohnXØn¬ \n∂p ]n≥hmßn bmKmZnI¿Ωßfn¬ am{Xw hym]rXbmbncn°Wsa∂p hcp∂n√. \oXnbnepw kvt\lØnepw A[njvTnXamb Hcp temIsØ hm¿sØSp°p∂Xn¬ F√mhcpambn klIcn°m≥ sshZnIcpw AsshZnIcpw ISs∏´hcmWv . ]t£, Cu e£y{]m]v X n°p {Inkv X phns‚ ktµiØn\nWßp∂ B≤ymflntIm]m[nIsfb√msX shdpw euInIm[nImcsØ t]mwhgnbm°cpXv F∂p am{Xw. hy‡nbpw km{ºZmbnIaXhpw kaqlØn\p ssIh∂ {]mb]cn]mIhpw kzm{ibXzhpw hy‡nPohnXØnepw {]ISambtXmsS km{ºZmbnI aXØns‚ sI´pd∏n\v DShp X´n. ]≠v hy‡nbpsS aXmflI PohnXØn\v Dƒ°cpØpw \ne\n¬∏pw \¬InbXv Abmƒ°p kaqltØmSpw kaqlw
]pe¿Ønt∏m∂ BibmNmcßtfmSpw D≈ hnt[bXzambncp∂p. ss{IkvXhIpSpw_Øn¬ P\n®XpsIm≠v Hcph≥ ss{IkvXh\mbn Pohn®p, acn®p. Iq´tØmsSm´nt®¿∂v, AXns‚ aqeyßsf kzmwioIcn®v, ]mcºcyØns‚ Hgp°n¬s∏´v PohnXw t]m°n. aX]mcºcysØ sNdp°p∂h\v kaqlw {`m„v I¬]n°bpw sNbvXp. C∂v Cu ÿnXnbmsI amdnbncn°p∂p. hyhkmbh¬°cWØns‚bpw \mKcoIcWØns‚bpw imkv{X ]ptcmKXnbpsSbpw I\Ø BLmXta‰p ]gb kaqlhyhÿnXn XI¿∂p \new ]Xn®p. CtXmsS kaqlw hy‡nIfpsS aXmflI PohnXØn¬ sNepØnt∏m∂ kΩ¿±hpw \ne®p. Aßns\ hy‡n aX]mcºcyØns‚ \nb{¥WØn¬ \n∂p kzX{¥\mbn. am{Xa√ \n¿ΩX\pw \mkvXnI\pw kapZmbØn¬ ÿm\aps≠∂pw h∂p. kmaqlykΩ¿±w Ipd™tXmsS aXm\pjvTm\ßfn¬ ]s¶Sp°p∂ hcpsS kwJybpw Ipd™p, \nehmcw IqSnsb¶nepw. C\nta¬ Bflm¿∞ambn hnizkn°p∂htc ]ffnbn¬ t]mIq. Ahsc∂pw Hcp \yq\]£ambncn°bpw sNøpw. AkvXnXzhmZØns‚ kzm[o\w Cu ]cnh¿Ø\sØ XzcnXs∏SpØnb thsdm∂p≠v: AkvXnXzhmZØn\p ]Sn™md≥ cmPyßfn¬ In´nb {]Nmcw. Cu ]pXnb XØzhn⁄m\obØns‚ ImXemb XØzanXmWv: kØbv°√, AkvXnXzØn\mWv {]mamWyw. AkvXnXzw F∂ hm°psIm≠¿∞am°p∂Xv shdpw D¨asbb√, kzbw kr„n°m\pff Ignhns\bs{X. Xms\¥√tbm AXmbnØocm\pw F¥mtWm AX√mXmbn Xocm\pw Dff IgnhmWv Akv X nXzw. At∏mƒ, kzmX{¥ywXs∂bmWv AkvXnXzsa∂p hcp∂p. Cu A¿∞Øn¬ a\pjy¿°p am{Xta AkvXnXzapff. F∂m¬ F√m a\pjy¿°pa√ Xm\pw. ]mcºcysØ IÆpaS®p hnizkn®p shdpw KXm\pKXnIcmbn PohnXw t]m°p∂h¿°√, kzX{¥amb Nn¥bneqsSbpw {]bXv\ØneqsSbpw kz¥w `mhnsb Icp∏nSn∏n®p X\nbv ° pXm≥ P∑w \¬Ip∂h¿°mWv kXyØn¬ Akv X nXzap≈Xv . \qX\amb Cu Nn¥mcoXn°p aXPohnXsØbpw kzm[o\n°phm≥ Ign™p. X¬^eambn shdpw km{ºZmbnI aXØns‚ hnebnSn™p, sshb‡nIaXmflIXbpsS \nehmcapbcpIbpw sNbvXp. C∏d™Xns‚sb√mw ]izmØeØn¬ thWw C∂p ItØmen°mk`bn¬ A[nImchpw hy‡nkzmX{¥yhpw XΩnepff hSwhensb hnebncpØpI. CXn\p ]cnlmcap≠mIphm≥ A[nImcsØ hn\ntbmKn°p∂ coXnbn¬ ASnÿm\]camb am‰w ht∂ ]‰q. C∂pw Gsd°psd \nehnepff A[nImctI{µoIcWhpw kzmX{¥y\ntj[hpw a¨ad™ tdmam km{amPyØnse `cWcoXnbn¬ \n∂p k`bnte°p kw{Ian®XmWv, {InkvXphns‚ kphntijØn¬ \n∂v DcpØncn™X√. AXp a\pjys‚ ss\k¿KnIamb aXmflI{]hWXIsf ˛ Cuizcob {]tNmZ\ßsf t]mepw ˛ Nne ]m]ºcyßfpsS CSpßnb N´°q´n¬ HXp°n \n¿Øm≥ {ian°p∂p. ssZhcmPyØns‚ t]cn¬ a\pjys‚ auenImhImißsf t]mepw kmaqlyhpw kmºØnIhpamb ÿm]nXXmXv]cy߃°p apºn¬ _enb¿∏n°m≥ aSn®n´n√ A[nImcnh¿§w. F∂m¬ ss__nfpw BZna k`bpw A[nImcsØ thsdmcp hn[ØnemWv hn`mh\w sNbvXXv. ChnsS A[nImcw tkh\Øns‚ Hcp hIt`Zw am{XamWv. Cuizc\nte°pbcm≥ shºp∂ a\pjymflmhn\v NndIphncn®p sImSp°pIbmWv ˛ bYm¿∞amb kzmX{¥ysØ hf¿ØnsbSp°pIbmWv ˛ A[nImcØns‚ GI e£yw. Cu kXyw Ign™ hØn°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ ]teSØpw Du∂n∏d™n´p≠v. CXns‚ ^eambn kzmKXm¿lamb ]e am‰ßfpw h∂n´ps≠¶nepw ]e {]mtZinI k`Ifnepw ]≠sØ B coXn C∂pw XpScpIbmWv. Ncn{Xt_m[hpw \hoIcWhpw AkvXnXzhmZØn¬ \n∂p {]tNmZ\apƒs°m≠ ss{IkvXh Nn¥I¿ ÿeIme\nct]£amb kØIfpsSbpw Ahsb Bhnjv I cn°p∂ BibßfpsSbpw CShnXm\Øn¬ \n∂v PohnXØns‚ XeØnte°ndßn h∂p. PohnXamIs´ kmcmwiØn¬ Ncn{X]camWv, ]cnWmamflIamWv. AXn\p XpS°hpw HSp°hpap≠v; hf¿®bpw Xf¿®bpap≠v. ]cn]p„n{]m]n® Ncn{Xt_m[w k`mNcn{XsØ \njvI¿jn®p]Tn°m≥ {]kvXpX Nn¥Isc t{]cn∏n®p. At∏mfh¿°p t_m[ys∏´p, C∂p tIheaqeyßfmbn {]Xnjv T t\Snb ]e Bibm\pjvT\߃°pw Ign™ Imeßfnse ]cnXÿnXnIfn¬ am{Xta km[pXbpffq F∂v.
ap≥hnhcn® A[nImc tI{µoIcWsØ IqSmsX CXn\p thsdbpw DZmlcWßfp≠v : sa{X≥amcpsS C∂sØ cmPIobmUw_c߃ ]≠sØ cmPm°≥amcpsSbpw \mSphmgnIfpsSbpw PohnXcoXnbn¬ \n∂v t\cn´v ]I¿ØnbXmWv. C∂p sshZnI¿ [cn°p∂ Ip∏mbw ]≠sØ tdma≥ ]ucs‚ tXmK(toga)b√msX as‰m∂pa√. bh\XXzNn¥bpsSbpw tdma≥\nbaimkv{XØns‚bpw aqibn¬ hm¿sØSpØXmWv k`bn¬ C∂pw \nehnepff ss\XnIimkv{Xhpw Imt\m¬ \nbahpw. {_“Ncyw \n¿_‘tam? Cu ]´nIbn¬ s]Spw sshZnIcpsS hnhmlsØ hne°p∂ eØo≥ k`bnse \nbaw. khntijamb Hcp Cuizcobmlzm\Øn\v a\pjy≥ \¬Ip∂ adp]Snsbt∂mWw kzX{¥Xocpam\Øn¬ \n∂p cq]w sImffp∂ {_“NcysØ ss__nƒ ]pIgvØn∏dbp∂p≠v. F∂m¬ sshZnIcpsS \n¿_‘nX {_“NcyØn\v Dt]m¬_eIambn ss__nfntem BZnak`bpsS Ncn{XØntem sXfnshm∂pan√. AXns‚ \mcmbthcp InS°p∂Xv PUsØbpw ssewKnI PohnXsØbpw A[xIcn®p Im´pIbpw Baq¿Øamb B≤ymflnIXsb hmt\mfw ]pIgvØpIbpw sNbvX hn⁄m\hmZØnepw B{ia {]ÿm\ØnepamWv. F∂ncn°nepw ]{¥≠mw \q‰m≠n¬ \n¿_‘nX {_“NcysØ Hcp \nbaambn {]Jy]n°m≥ eØo≥k`sb t{]cn∏n®Xv ]≈nhI kzØv A\ym[o\ambn t]mIcpXv F∂ A{X B≤ymflnIa√mØ ˛ XnI®pw `uXnIamb ˛ Dt±iyamWv F∂pIqSn \mtam¿°Ww. C{]Imcw Ncn{XØneqsSbpff {]bmWØn¬ a¨ad™ kwkvImcßfn¬ \n∂p k` G‰phmßnbXpw C∂sØ temIhpambn th≠{X s]mcpØs∏SmØXpamb k{ºZmb߃ A\h[nbmWv . Chsbms° ssZhØnte°pff t\¿hgnbn¬ a\pjy≥ hen®nSp∂ hneßpXSnIft√? ]gabpsS ss]XrIsØ IÆpaS®v ]qhn´p ]qPn°p∂Xv \mkvXnIXzØns‚ Hcp hIt`Zat√? C∂eIfpsS Xmhf߃ \¬Ip∂ kpc£nXXzsØ ssIsbmgn®v, Cuizcob hmKvZm\Øn¬ am{Xw hnizmka¿∏n®v, A]ISw \nd™ `mhnbnte°v IpXn°pIbt√ k`bpsS ISa? CΩmXncn {]iv\ßsf hkvXp\njvTambn ]Tn®v ]cnlmc\n¿t±iw \¬Im≥ k`m[nImcnIƒ th≠{X k∂≤X ImWn°mØXnepff \ncmibmhmw Nn¥n°p∂ bphXeapdsb aXhntZzjØnte°pw \mkvXnIXbnte°pw X≈nhnSp∂Xv. kXymt\zjWw ItØmen°mk`sb ]cnh¿Øt\m∑pJam°nb as‰mcp kmaqly {]{InbbmWv kmamPoIcWw. Cu hm°psIm≠¿∞am°p∂Xv CtXhsc AI∂p \n∂ncp∂ P\hn`mKßfpw kwkvImcßfpw XΩn¬ h¿≤n®phcp∂ kº¿°sØbpw ]ckv]cm{ibXzsØbpamWv. Hcp aXØn\pw C∂v AS®p ]q´nb Hcp kzImcytemIØn¬ Pohn°pI km≤ya√. Cu ÿnXnhntijw a‰p ss{IkvXhcpambpw aXßfpambpw kwhmZØnte¿s∏Sm≥ hnizmknIƒ°v Ahkcw kr„n®p sImSp°p∂p. auenIamb Poh¬{]iv\ßsf a‰p aX°mcpsS ImgvN∏mSneqsS t\m°n°mWm≥ Ign™tXmsS k`bn¬ kXyØns‚ IpØIat\m`mhw Ipd™p. Bflhna¿i\{]hWX IqSpIbpw sNbvXp. ImelcWs∏´pt]mb aqeyßsf X≈m\pw a‰paXßfn¬ \n∂p kXyØns‚ Awißsf sImffm\papff k∂≤X ss{IkvXhssZhhn⁄m\Øn\v ]pXnsbmcp Poh≥ {]Zm\w sNbvXp. a‰p aX°mtcmSv F∂t]mse \mkvXnItcmSpw Xpd∂ at\m`mhhpw Bflm¿∞amb kulrZhpw ImWnt°≠XmsW∂ t_m[w C∂p ss{IkvXhcpsS CSbn¬ {]_es∏´p hcp∂p≠v. CXn\p {][m\ ImcWw, \oXn°pth≠nbpff t]mcm´Øn¬, \oXnbpsS AhImi ]cn[nbn¬ \n∂psIm≠v, \mkvXnIcpambn klIcn°msa∂p ]Tn∏n°pIbpw IΩyqWnÃpIfpambn kwhmZw D¬LmS\w sNøpIbpw sNbv X tPm¨ am¿∏m∏bpsS [ocamb \ne]mSmWv . C∂p ]m›mXycmPyßfn¬ ]ebnSØpw BkvXnIcpw \mkvXnIcpw HsØmcpan®p N¿®Iƒ \SØpIbpw ]e aWvUeßfnepw klIcn®p {]h¿Øn°pIbpw sNøp∂p≠v. CXns‚ ^eambn´mImw IΩyq WnÃpImcpsS CSbn¬ t]mepw ss{IkvXhtcmSv CtXhsc ImWn®p t]m∂ kacat\m`mhØn\v Abhp h∂n´pffXv.
ItØmen°cpw IayqWnkhpw kvs]bn\nse IΩyqWnÃp t\Xmhmb km¥nbmsKm Icns√m 1963˛¬ sNbvX Hcp {]kvXmh\ ChnsS {it≤bamWv: NqjWsØ \n¿Ωm¿÷\w sNøm≥ Acnhmfpw Np‰nIbpambn R߃ apt∂dptºmƒ, Ipcnipambn h√hcpw, ]n∂mse h∂m¬ Ah¿°pw R߃ kzKXamiwkn°p∂p. Hcn ]SnIqSn IS∂v, aXhnizmknIfpambn klIcnt® ]ddq F∂phsc hmZn°p∂ Hcp IΩyqWnÃp Nn¥I\mWv {^m≥knse tdmP¿ KtcmUn (Ct±lsØ CubnsS ]m¿´nbn¬ \n∂p ]pdØm°nsb∂p dnt∏m¿´p I≠p.) At±lsagpXn: aXhnizmknIsf FXn¿tØm ]pdw Xffntbm a\pjys‚ `mhnsb Icp]nSn∏n°m≥ km[n°n√ F∂Xv Cu bpKØnse A\ntj[y kXyßfnsem∂mWv. AXpt]mse IΩyqWnÃpIsf FXn¿tØm ]pdwXffntbm a\pjy`mhnsb kzcq]n°msa∂v IcpXp∂Xpw anYybmWv. Cu A`n{]mbsØ icnshbv°m≥ apt∂m´phcpw F√m {]_p≤ ss{IkvXhcpw. \mkvXnImkvXnI¿ XΩnep≠mbnhcp∂ Cu [mcWbpw klIcWk∂≤Xbpw \mfsØ am\h kwkvImcØns‚ \s´√mbn Xocpsa∂v Bin°m≥ hIbp≠v. C∏d™Xn¬ \ns∂√mw Hcp kXyw DudnsXfnbp∂p: ItØmen°mk`bnse C∂sØ kwL¿jßfpw Bib {[phoIcWßfpw AXns‚ A¥na \miØns‚ \mµnsbb√, ]pØ≥Xfn¿∏nte°pff Im¬sh∏ns\bt{X Ipdn°p∂Xv. kphntijØns‚ B¥cssNX\ytØmSpw B[p\nIXbpsS AhImißtfmSpw ]q¿t∆m]cn s]mcpØs∏´ Hcp ss{IkvXhX DSseSp°p∂Xns‚ t]‰pt\mhmbn thWw Ahsb hymJym\n°pI. (amXr-`qan BgvN-∏-Xn-∏v, 1970 BKÃv 30)