2015 Brief statistics
TAXATION IN FINLAND Finland’s taxation is subject to decisions by the Finnish Parliament, the European Union and the municipalities of Finland. It is governed by tax legislation, which is prepared by the Ministry of Finance and enacted by the Parliament. The Tax Administration collects two thirds of all taxes and tax-like charges. In addition to the Tax Administration, taxes and charges are collected by the Customs and Trafi, the Transport Safety Agency. The Customs collects excise duties and import duties, whereas Trafi collects motor vehicle taxes. Income received by individual taxpayers is divided in earned income and capital income. Earned income consists of pay from employment, pensions and social benefits. Capital income consists of sources such as dividends, rental income and income from selling property. Capital income and earned income are taxed differently: capital income is taxed according to a fixed rate and earned income according to a progressive tax scale, where the rate increases as income increases. Taxpayers may deduct any costs incurred when acquiring or maintaining the income. The income tax rate for incorporated companies and other entities is fixed. Value added tax (VAT) is a consumption tax which the consumer pays when buying goods or services. The rate of VAT is fixed. Businesses pay VAT on their sales to the State each month. 2 F I N N I S H TA X A D M I N I S T R AT I O N
CONTENTS Income of public bodies, 2013.............................................................................. 4 Expenses of public bodies, 2013........................................................................... 5 Tax revenue in Finland 2013..............................................................................6–7 Tax revenue collected by the Tax Administration in 2013 and 2014.......................... 8 GDP, taxes, net taxes and central goverment debt, 1995–2013................................. 9 Different tax types as percentages of tax revenues, 1995–2013.............................. 10 Taxes and tax-like charges, breakdown of taxes by taxpayer category, 2012 and 2013....................................................................... 11 State income tax and its breakdown by taxpayer category, 2012 and 2013.............. 12 Municipal income tax and its breakdown by taxpayer category, 2012 and 2013........ 13 Direct taxes and tax-like charges imposed on the basis of income 1995–2013......... 14 Tax refunds and back taxes, by taxpayer category, 2013......................................... 15 Tax arrears by tax type, 2012–2014..................................................................... 16 Taxes debited on the basis of audits by the Tax Administration 2012–2014............ 17 Income tax scale for 2015................................................................................... 18 Breakdown of wage earners, by basic withholding rates, 2015................................ 19 Breakdown of pension recipients, by basic withholding rates, 2015......................... 19 Incomes of individuals in 2013 state taxation....................................................... 20 Direct taxes as percentages of taxable income, 2012 and 2013.............................. 21 Income earners, taxable income and taxes by income class, 2013........................... 22 Maximum deductions in state and municipal taxation 2012–2015.......................... 23 Important tax deductions, 2010–2013............................................................24–25 Taxes as percentages of GDP by country 2011–2013............................................. 26 Tax structures by country 2013............................................................................ 27 Maximum marginal income tax rates 2013–2014, by country................................. 28 Proportions of VAT, 2012 and 2013, in percentages.............................................. 29 VAT rates in the EU, international comparison 2015.............................................. 30
Source: Tax Administration unless otherwise indicated
B R I E F S TAT I S T I C S 3
INCOME OF PUBLIC BODIES, 2013 Public finances is what is made up by the State of Finland, Finnish municipalities, the Provincial Government of Åland Islands, employment pension and other social security institutions.
Biggest income items in euros 2013
32.9
52.6 ¤ 140.7 billion 29.2
25.9
Direct income tax: earned, capital, corporate
23.4 %
Taxes on production and on imports: VAT, energy, car tax, alcoholic beverages
20.8 %
Social security contributions from employers and employees
18.4 %
Other, including interest income
37.4 %
Total
100 %
Source: Statistics Finland
4 F I N N I S H TA X A D M I N I S T R AT I O N
EXPENSES OF PUBLIC BODIES, 2013
5.8 4.3 9.5
13.1 ¤ 116.7 billion
50.3
16.8 16.9
Social security
43.1 %
Medical care
14.5 %
Public administration
14.4 %
Education
11.2 %
Expenses relating to the economy
8.1 %
National security, defence, law and oder
5.0 %
Housing, utilities, recreation, culture and environment
3.7 %
Total
100 %
Source: Statistics Finland
B R I E F S TAT I S T I C S 5
TAX REVENUE IN FINLAND 2013 € million
% of total taxes
State taxes and other similar fees
42,080
47.0
Taxes levied on the basis of income and capital
12,216
13.6
Taxes on income Inheritance and gift tax Tax withheld at source from interest income Taxes on goods and services Value added tax Tax on insurance premiums Pharmacy fees Excise duty Excise duty on tobacco Excise duty on alcoholic beverages Excise duty on sweets, ice cream and soft drinks Excise duty on fuels Environmental tax on beverage bottles and cans Other taxes Transfer tax Car tax Tax on lottery prizes Tax on certain vehicles Tax on waste Tax on rails Vehicle registration fee Other tax-like charges Seafarers’ welfare and rescue levy 1) State share of lottery profits and the profits of the Slot Machine Association Forest management fees, hunting and fishing licences Penalty interests, other sanctions and tax increases Oil waste duty Taxes total
11,130 646 207 19,712 18,848 712 152 6,307 852 1,335 204 3,901 15 2,718 594 931 215 866 56 19 37 1,040 1
12.4 0.7 0.2 22.0 21.0 0.8 0.2 7.0 1.0 1.5 0.2 4.4 0.0 3.0 0.7 1.0 0.2 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0
948
1.1
23 64 4 89,615
0.0 0.1 0.0 100.0
6 F I N N I S H TA X A D M I N I S T R AT I O N
Tax revenue from outside the state budget Oil damage levy Fire insurance duty Strategic stockpile fee Nuclear energy research fee Municipal taxes Municipal tax Tax on dogs Real property tax Other taxes Insurance and social security contributions to the Social Insurance Institution National pension contributions Employers' national health insurance contributions For employment pension schemes, total Employees' Employers' For unemployment schemes, total Employees' Employers' Taxes and levies paid forward to the EU Taxes paid to church Church tax of corporate entities Church tax of individuals Taxes total
€ million
% of total taxes
87 27 10 45 5 20,710 19,344 2 1,363 1
0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 23.1 21.6 0.0 1.5 0.0
3,477
3.9
1,865 1,612 19,916 5,422 14,494 2,239 457 1,782 167 1,026 110 916 89,615
2.1 1.8 22.2 6.1 16.2 2.5 0.5 2.0 0.2 1.1 0.1 1.0 100.0
Source: Statistics Finland 1) Collected in the shipping sector.
B R I E F S TAT I S T I C S 7
TAX REVENUE COLLECTED BY THE TAX ADMINISTRATION IN 2013 AND 2014
Income tax; individuals Income tax; corporate taxpayers VAT Social security contributions Real estate tax Other taxes Total
2013 E million
2014 E million
% change
27,658.9 4,770.4 14,027.9 1,615.2 1,353.4 3,255.7 52,681.5
28,971.2 3,987.4 14,135.4 1,689.5 1,512.0 3,683.4 53,979.0
4.7 -16.4 0.8 4.6 11.7 13.1 2.5
Income tax; individuals
53.7 %
VAT
26.2 %
Income tax; corporate taxpayers
7.4 %
Other taxes
6.8 %
Social security contributions 3.1 % Real estate tax
2.8 %
Totals
100 %
8 F I N N I S H TA X A D M I N I S T R AT I O N
GDP, TAXES, NET TAXES AND CENTRAL GOVERMENT DEBT, 1995–2013
1)
Central goverment debtt 3) % 61.0 64.8 63.0 58.0 53.6 46.6 42.8 40.0 41.8 40.3 36.5 34.1 30.0 28.1 35.5 40.2 40.5 42.2 44.6
Year
GDP E million
Taxes %
Net taxes 2) %
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013*
98,556 102,060 110,738 120,382 126,923 136,261 144,437 148,289 151,569 158,477 164,387 172,614 186,584 193,711 181,029 187,100 196,869 199,069 201,341
44.5 45.7 45.0 44.8 44.3 45.8 43.2 43.3 42.4 41.8 42.1 42.2 41.5 41.2 40.9 40.8 42.0 42.8 44.0
14.5 18.1 20.2 21.6 21.4 24.8 22.6 22.1 20.9 20.4 20.7 21.2 21.6 20.9 17.3 17.0 18.4 18.2 18.6
Source: Statistics Finland. 1) Taxes as % of GDP. 2) The difference between taxes and income transfers by public authorities as % of GDP. 3) Central government debt, % of GDP. *Preliminary information
B R I E F S TAT I S T I C S 9
DIFFERENT TAX TYPES AS PERCENTAGES OF TAX REVENUES, 1995–2013
Year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Public sector tax revenue € million 43,855 46,639 49,792 53,965 56,180 62,432 62,354 64,261 64,247 66,278 69,230 72,763 77,447 79,823 74,103 76,315 82,750 85,269 88,589
Income and property tax 1) % 41.5 43.4 42.5 42.9 42.5 46.6 44.4 44.1 42.1 42.0 41.6 41.9 42.9 42.8 39.9 40.2 39.4 38.4 39.3
Social security contr. 2) % 26.9 25.7 25.0 25.2 25.5 23.6 25.2 24.9 25.2 25.3 25.8 25.8 25.6 26.1 27.6 27.0 26.7 27.5 26.8
Consumption taxes etc. % 31.5 30.9 32.6 31.9 32.0 29.9 30.5 31.1 32.8 32.7 32.6 32.3 31.5 31.1 32.6 32.8 33.9 34.0 33.9
Source: Statistics Finland. 1) Includes national pension and health insurance contributions. 2) Includes mandatory employment pension and other social security contributions; does not include national pension and health insurance contributions.
1 0 F I N N I S H TA X A D M I N I S T R AT I O N
TAXES AND TAX-LIKE CHARGES, BREAKDOWN OF TAXES BY TAXPAYER CATEGORY, 2012 AND 2013
Taxpayer category Individuals. total Wage earners Pensioners Farmers and forestry taxpayers Business and self-employed Other individuals Estates of deceased persons Corporate entities. total Limited companies Cooperative societies Associations. institutions. etc. Housing companies Other legal persons All taxpayers, total
% of total tax amount 2012
85.2 59.0 12.8 4.7 4.7 3.7 0.3 14.8 13.9 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.4 100.0
2013 86.1 58.2 16.0 4.9 4.6 2.1 0.3 13.9 12.9 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.5 100.0
Taxes total 2013 2 million
28,766 19,443 5,346 1,630 1,526 718 102 4,640 4,312 72 78 10 169 33,406
Wage earners
58 %
Corporate entities, total
14 %
Pensioners
16 %
Business and self-employed and farmers
9%
Other individuals
3%
B R I E F S TAT I S T I C S 11
STATE INCOME TAX AND ITS BREAKDOWN BY TAXPAYER CATEGORY, 2012 AND 2013
Taxpayer category Individuals, total Wage earners Pensioners Farmers and forestry taxpayers Business and self-employed Other individuals Estates of deceased persons Corporate entities, total 1) Limited companies Cooperative societies Associations, institutions, etc. Housing companies Other legal persons All taxpayers, total
% of total state tax 2012 2013 68.8 63.0 46.1 41.2 7.1 9.5 6.0 5.6 5.2 4.4 3.5 1.4 0.9 0.8 31.2 37.0 29.3 34.4 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.8 1.3 100.0 100.0
State income tax 2013 2 million 7,827 5,123 1,185 693 549 180 97 4,605 4,279 72 77 10 167 12,432
1) The part of corporate income tax going to the state
Wage earners
41 %
Corporate entities, total
37 %
Business and self-employed and farmers
10 %
Pensioners
10 %
Other individuals
2%
1 2 F I N N I S H TA X A D M I N I S T R AT I O N
MUNICIPAL INCOME TAX AND ITS BREAKDOWN BY TAXPAYER CATEGORY, 2012 AND 2013
Taxpayer category Individuals, total Wage earners Pensioners Farmers and forestry taxpayers Self-employed Other individuals Estates of deceased persons Corporate entities, total 1) Limited companies Cooperative societies Associations, institutions, etc. Housing companies Other legal persons All taxpayers, total
% of total Municipal tax municipal income tax 2013 2012 2013 2 million 92.8 92.8 17,683 64.6 63.2 12,055 15.9 18.6 3,549 4.1 4.1 780 4.4 4.4 834 3.8 2.4 460 0.0 0.0 5 7.2 7.2 1,379 6.7 6.7 1,272 0.1 0.1 21 0.1 0.2 34 0.0 0.0 3 0.2 0.3 50 100.0 100.0 19,062
1) The part of corporate income tax going to municipal recipients.
Wage earners
63 %
Pensioners
19 %
Business and self-employed and farmers
9%
Corporate entities, total
7%
Other individuals
2%
B R I E F S TAT I S T I C S 13
DIRECT TAXES AND TAX-LIKE CHARGES IMPOSED ON THE BASIS OF INCOME 1995–2013
Year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 20061) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Income tax and state portion of corporate income tax € million 6,839 7,624 8,352 9,437 11,298 13,312 11,214 11,605 11,795 12,100 12,421 12,984 14,047 12,346 9,504 9,931 10,376 10,306 10,840
Municipal tax and municipal portion of corporate income tax € million 9,492 10,038 10,660 11,159 12,219 13,155 12,915 12,553 12,728 13,023 13,655 14,545 15,800 16,345 16,497 17,152 17,977 18,351 18,995
Church tax and church portion of Health corporate insurance income tax contribution € million € million 619 1,440 654 1,444 697 1,311 722 1,141 730 1,076 766 1,066 767 1,062 790 1,006 805 966 821 984 849 1,019 896 1,492 953 1,539 964 1,542 957 1,610 974 1,980 992 1,714 1,002 1,797 1,020 1,845
1) Wealth tax was abolished in 2006.
1 4 F I N N I S H TA X A D M I N I S T R AT I O N
Total € million 18,390 19,760 21,020 22,459 25,323 28,299 25,958 25,954 26,294 26,928 27,944 29,917 32,339 31,197 28,568 30,037 31,059 31,456 32,724
TAX REFUNDS AND BACK TAXES, BY TAXPAYER CATEGORY, 2013
Number Number of of payers Back withholdTax of back taxes ing refund refund taxes total recipients € million Quantities € million Individuals and estates, total 3,444,334 2,249 774,136 1,101 Wage earners 1,988,973 1,601 360,138 475 Farmers and forestry taxpayers 995,428 240 198,055 168 Self-employed Pensioners Other individuals Estates of deceased persons Corporate entities total Limited companies Cooperative societies Associations, institutions, etc. Housing companies Other corporate entities Taxpayers total
119,518
143
54,798
136
94,941 230,841 14,633 45,318 41,674 494 1,919 217 1,014 3,489,652
166 92 8 476 444 4 6 0 22 2,725
65,747 73,899 21,499 52,330 46,338 556 2,371 929 2,136 826,466
205 94 24 354 298 1 26 5 24 1,455
B R I E F S TAT I S T I C S 15
TAX ARREARS BY TAX TYPE, 2012–2014
2012 € million 12/31/12
2013 € million 12/31/13
1,547 1,618
1,438 1,482
2014 € million 12/31/14 1,579 1,478
840
728
722
24 20 35 4,084
27 22 33 3,730
25 24 38 3,865
Income tax and prepayments VAT Employers' contributions and withheld tax Tax on inheritance and gifts Real property tax Other taxes Tax arrears, total
06
05
04
03
02
01
00 2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Tax debts transfered for enforcement, Billion € Tax arrears, Billion € 1 6 F I N N I S H TA X A D M I N I S T R AT I O N
2012
2013
2014
TAXES DEBITED ON THE BASIS OF AUDITS BY THE TAX ADMINISTRATION 2012–2014
2012 € million
2013 € million
146 43 39 228
428 54 28 510
Income taxes VAT Withheld taxes Total
2014 € million 331 38 36 405
450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2012
Income taxes
2013
VAT
2014
Withheld taxes B R I E F S TAT I S T I C S 17
INCOME TAX SCALE FOR 2015 Scale Taxable income €
Basic tax €
Rate with brackets %
16,500–24,700 24,700–40,300 40,300–71,400 71,400–90,000 90,000–
8.00 541.00 3,271.00 9,957.50 15,491.00
6.5 17.5 21.5 29.75 31.75
For corporate taxpayers, income tax rate is 20 %. Capital-income tax rate is 30.0 %. If the taxpayer receives more than €30,000 in capital income, the tax rate is 33.0 %. Basic health insurance contribution 1.32 %, (for pensioners and social benefit recipients 1.49 %). Earned income contribution 0.78 %, (0,91 % for the self-employed). The employee’s pension contribution 5.70 % (ages 18–52) or 7.20 % (ages 53–67) Employee’s unemployment insurance contribution is 0.65%. The public broadcasting tax rate is 0.68 and the amount is 51–143 euros. Average rate of municipal tax for 2014 is 19.84 %. Average Church Tax rate is 1.43 %. The child credit is €50 for each minor child in the parent’s custody. It is given for four children at the most. For single parents the credit is €100 per child, if no one else has custody of the child. If the parent’s net taxable earned income and capital income exceed 36,000 euros, the credit is reduced by 1 per cent of the amount that exceeds the limit.
1 8 F I N N I S H TA X A D M I N I S T R AT I O N
BREAKDOWN OF WAGE EARNERS, BY BASIC WITHHOLDING RATES, 2015 Basic rate 0–10 11–20 21–25 26–30 31–40 41–50 51– Total
Number
%
1,036,532 957,475 580,527 336,405 162,350 12,612 171 3,086,072
33.6 31.0 18.8 10.9 5.3 0.4 0.0 100.0
BREAKDOWN OF PENSION RECIPIENTS, BY BASIC WITHHOLDING RATES, 2015 Basic rate 0–5 6 –10 11–15 16–20 21–30 31–35 36–40 41–50 51– Total
Number
%
367,639 172,498 199,571 229,739 384,060 52,086 17,045 6,422 1,159 1,430,219
25.7 12.1 14.0 16.1 26.9 3.6 1.2 0.4 0.1 100.0
B R I E F S TAT I S T I C S 19
INCOMES OF INDIVIDUALS IN 2013 STATE TAXATION
Total income 2 million 120,408 81,348 27,642 1,363 4,099 395
Number of earners 4,493,719 2,815,871 1,543,032 313,432 616,400 136,373
Average income,2 26,795 28,889 17,914 4,348 6,650 2,893
11,404 8,024 3,992 3,953 1,426 2,034
2,660,726 1,292,566 921,282 341,663 280,727 -
4,286 6,208 4,333 11,569 5,080 -
131,812,925 128,432,465
4,636,329 4,585,716
28,430 28,007
1,025 2,937
111,033 137,553
9,228 21,352
1,254
109,531
11,449
Type of income Earned income Employment income Pension income Maternity and social benefits Unemployment benefits Child home care allowance Capital income Taxable capital income Dividend income Capital gains Rental income Other capital income Total income of which taxable
Enterprise and partnership incomes Agricultural income Business income Income from general and limited partnerships
2 0 F I N N I S H TA X A D M I N I S T R AT I O N
DIRECT TAXES AS PERCENTAGES OF TAXABLE INCOME, 2012 AND 2013
State income taxes
Other direct taxes
Direct taxes total
Taxpayer category
2012
2013
2012
2013
2012
2013
Wage earners Pensioners Farmers and forestry taxpayers Business operators and the selfemployed
5.7 3.2
6.1 4.3
16.5 14.5
16.6 14.6
22.2 17.8
22.7 18.9
9.8
10.4
13.7
13.7
23.5
24.0
9.2
9.4
16.1
16.3
25.3
25.7
Individuals total
5.7
6.1
15.8
15.9
21.5
22.0
B R I E F S TAT I S T I C S 21
INCOME EARNERS, TAXABLE INCOME AND TAXES BY INCOME CLASS, 2013
Taxable income, 2 1–4,999 5,000–9,999 10,000–14,999 15,000–19,999 20,000–24,999 25,000–34,999 35,000–54,999 55,000–74,999 75,000–99,999 100,000–149,999 150,000–299,999 300,000– Total
Number of income earners
Income earners % distribution
416,427 467,348 597,440 516,833 463,698 887,124 840,894 234,824 89,729 45,916 17,497 4,100 4,581,830
9.1 10.2 13.0 11.3 10.1 19.4 18.4 5.1 2.0 1.0 0.4 0.1 100
2 2 F I N N I S H TA X A D M I N I S T R AT I O N
Taxable income % Taxes % of distribution income 0.6 3.0 5.8 7.0 8.1 20.6 28.1 11.5 5.9 4.2 2.7 2.5 100
4.3 7.0 8.4 13.9 16.8 19.0 23.9 29.0 32.4 36.0 38.7 35.8 22.4
MAXIMUM DEDUCTIONS IN STATE AND MUNICIPAL TAXATION 2012–2015 2012 2013 2014 2015 2 2 2 2 Deductions and allowances on earned income in state and municipal taxation Discretionary allowance for circumstantial incapacity to 1,400 1, 400 1,400 1,400 pay taxes Deduction for work-related 620 620 620 620 expenses Deduction for temporary 3,000 3,000 3,000 accommodation Deduction of commuting 7,000 7,000 7,000 expenses Taxpayer's own liability 600 600 600 Deductions from capital income in state and municipal taxation Voluntary pension 5,000 5,000 5,000 insurance premiums Deductions and allowances on income in state taxation Pension allowance 11,150 11,660 12,630 Seafarer's deduction 6,650 6,650 6,650 Deductions and allowances granted in municipal income taxation Disabled person's allowance 440 440 440 Seafarer's deduction 11,350 11,350 11,350 Deduction from earned income 3,570 3,570 3,570 Student grant allowance 2,600 2,600 2,600 Pension allowances 8,170 8,530 8,880 Basic allowance 2,250 2,850 2,880 Credits from tax in state taxation Maintenance credit 80 80 80 Disabled person's allowance 115 115 115 Credits from tax on earned income Earned income allowance 650 945 970 Credit for the deficit 1,400 1,400 1,400 in capital income Credit raise for one child Credit raise for at least two children Credit for domestic work
3,000 7,000 750 5,000 12,540 6,650 440 11,350 3,570 2,600 9,140 2,970 80 115 1 025 1,400
400
400
400
800
800
800
400 800
3,000
2,000
2,400
2,400
B R I E F S TAT I S T I C S 23
IMPORTANT TAX DEDUCTIONS, 2010–2013
Deduction State and municipal taxation Standard deduction of work-related expenses Deduction of commuting expenses Membership fees in labour market organisations Home loan interest Student loan interest Deduction for pension insurance State taxation Pension allowance Municipal taxation Basic allowance Disabled person's allowance Student grant allowance Earned income allowance Pension allowance Credit for the deficit in capital income for home loan interest for first-time homebuyers' loan interest Tax credits Earned income credit Tax credit for domestic costs Disabled persons' tax credit
2010 2million
2011 2million
2012 2million
1,641
1,669
1,676
1,401
1,526
1,545
589
603
619
1,179 4,175
1,447 4,608
1,424 39 5,073
10,793
10,804
11,270
1,796 71 210 6,442 5,471
1,842 69 190 6,494 5,550
2,763 66 181 6,433 5,685
374
445
418
279
340
318
71
80
67
1,293 408 75
1,509 476 75
1,972 302 72
2 4 F I N N I S H TA X A D M I N I S T R AT I O N
Deduction State and municipal taxation Standard deduction of work-related expenses Deduction of commuting expenses Membership fees in labour market organisations Home loan interest Student loan interest Deduction for pension insurance State taxation Pension allowance Municipal taxation Basic allowance Disabled person's allowance Student grant allowance Earned income allowance Pension allowance Credit for the deficit in capital income for home loan interest for first-time homebuyers' loan interest Tax credits Earned income credit Tax credit for domestic costs Disabled persons' tax credit
2013 2million
1,000 persons
1,666
2,767
602
1,580
825
1,915
Average 2
624
1,987
314
1,046 30 5,087
1,257 348 2,620
832 86 1,942
12,575
1,445
8,706
2,761 64 184 6,344 5,977
1,872 191 178 2,568 1,160
1,475 335 1,033 2,470 5,150
293
1,537
191
217
1,298
167
42
177
237
1,972 302 72
2,610 379 676
770 857 105
B R I E F S TAT I S T I C S 25
TAXES AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP BY COUNTRY 2011–2013 Taxes, % of GDP Denmark France Belgium Italy Sweden Finland Austria Norway Luxembourg Germany Iceland United Kingdom Greece Spain Portugal Estonia Canada Ireland Switzerland United States
Source: OECD -) Data not available
2 6 F I N N I S H TA X A D M I N I S T R AT I O N
2011
2012
2013
48.1 44.2 44.0 42.9 44.5 43.4 42.1 43.2 37.1 37.1 36.0 35.5 31.2 31.6 31.0 28.5 25.1
48.0 45.3 45.3 44.4 44.3 44.1 43.2 42.2 37.8 37.6 37.2 35.2 33.8 32.9 32.5 32.5 30.7 28.3 28.2 24.3
48.6 45.0 44.6 42.6 42.8 44.0 42.5 40.8 39.3 36.7 35.5 32.9 33.5 32.6 33.4 31.8 30.6 28.3 27.1 25.4
TAX STRUCTURES BY COUNTRY 2013 The contribution of different tax types to tax revenue % Denmark Norway United States Canada Switzerland Iceland United Kingdom Luxembourg Sweden Belgium Finland Italy Germany Spain Austria Greece France Estonia
Income taxes
Consumption taxes
Other taxes
63.1 45.5 47.6 47.1 45.6 46.1 35.6 35.3 34.7 35.5 34.7 33.4 31.0 29.5 29.5 23.0 24.2 22.7
30.4 27.6 17.1 24.3 22.9 34.1 33.0 28.5 28.7 24.1 33.1 25.0 27.9 28.0 26.9 38.6 24.1 41.0
6.5 26.9 35.3 28.6 31.5 19.8 31.4 36.2 36.6 40.4 32.2 41.6 41.1 42.5 43.6 38.4 51.7 36.3
Source: OECD
B R I E F S TAT I S T I C S 27
MAXIMUM MARGINAL INCOME TAX RATES 2013–2014, BY COUNTRY
Belgium Greece Sweden Denmark Finland Portugal United Kingdom Ireland Spain France Holland Canada Norway Japan Germany Australia Italy Iceland Austria United States Luxembourg Switzerland Estonia
Source: OECD
2 8 F I N N I S H TA X A D M I N I S T R AT I O N
Individuals 2013
Corporate 2014
45.3 46.0 56.7 56.2 48.9 50.3 45.0 48.0 52.0 54.1 49.9 49.5 40.0 50.6 47.5 46.5 47.3 44.4 43.7 46.3 43.6 36.1 20.6
34.0 26.0 22.0 24.5 20.0 31.5 21.0 12.5 30.0 34.4 25.0 26.3 27.0 37.0 30.2 30.0 27.5 20.0 25.0 39.1 29.2 21.1 21.0
PROPORTIONS OF VAT, 2012 AND 2013, IN PERCENTAGES
Finland Sweden Norway Denmark Iceland Germany Belgium Austria Luxembourg France Switzerland United Kingdom Ireland Italy Spain Portugal Canada United States Estonia
Consumption taxes, % of taxes
Consumption taxes, % of GDP
2012 20.7 21.2 18.3 20.7 22.3 19.4 15.9 18.6 17.9 16.0 12.4 20.9 21.6 13.7 16.6 26.1 14.6 7.8 -
2012 9.1 9.4 7.7 9.9 8.3 7.3 7.2 8.0 6.8 7.2 3.5 7.4 6.1 6.1 5.4 8.5 4.5 1.9 -
2013 21.2 21.3 19.2 19.7 22.6 19.1 15.6 18.2 19.7 15.7 13.0 21.0 21.1 13.6 17.8 23.9 14.5 7.7 40.0
2013 9.4 9.1 7.8 9.6 8.0 7.0 7.0 7.7 7.8 7.0 3.5 6.9 5.9 5.8 5.8 8.0 4.4 2.0 12.6
Source: OECD -) Data not available
B R I E F S TAT I S T I C S 29
VAT RATES IN THE EU, INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON 2015 VAT rates on tax-free price % General rates
Reduced rates
27 25 25 24 24 23 23 23 23 22 21 21 21 21 21 21 20 20 20 20 20 20 19 19 18 17
5/18 6/12 5/9 10/14 9/13.5 6.5/13 6/13 5/8 10 6 6/12 10 12 5/9 15 9 10 5.5/10 10 9 5 5/9 7 5/7 8/14
Hungary Sweden Denmark Romania Finland Ireland Greece Portugal Poland Italy Holland Belgium Spain Latvia Lithuania Czech Republic Bulgaria Austria France Slovakia Estonia United Kingdom Cyprus Germany Malta Luxembourg Source : OECD
3 0 F I N N I S H TA X A D M I N I S T R AT I O N
NOTES
B R I E F S TAT I S T I C S 31
3 2 F I N N I S H TA X A D M I N I S T R AT I O N
B R I E F S TAT I S T I C S 33
3 4 F I N N I S H TA X A D M I N I S T R AT I O N
WWW.TAX.FI
Finnish Tax Administration publication 252e.15 B R I E F S TAT I S T I C S 35
Finnish Tax Administration PO Box 325, 00052 VERO tax.fi