The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom

Victor Moldoveanu

A speculative scenario that relocates human habitat from a land based system to a water based system

For I draw to speak my mind, and I paint to feel alive. To my heroes and mentors C, C and E: for those moments when there was no light at the end of the tunnel. In all things, gratitude. With all things, love.

This album celebrates an enormous passion for architecture as a discipline who believes that engaging in pioneering research activity and innovative design practice is fundamental for the future of our profession. It incorporates material produced in 2017 for the Year 4 final examination of the Master of Arts in Architecture Graduate Programme at Aarhus School of Architecture.

I was blessed with inspirational supervisors: Professor CJ Lim and Eva Rosborg Aagaard.

I wholeheartedly thank Simon Dickens (The Bartlett UCL), Matthew Wells (Techniker Structural Engineers), Markus Krauss (Transsolar KlimaEngineering), Jette Birkeskov Mogensen (Schmidt Hammer Lassen), our invited critics Christine Hawley, Chris Thurlborne, Heidi Merrild, Thomas Hilberth, Tine NĂ˜rgaard, and final panel examiners CJ Lim, Chris Thurlborne, Claudia Carbone and Naina Gupta.

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom received the 43rd KRob Jury citation presented by the Dallas Chapter of the American Institute of Architects. Selected work has also been curated to numerous exhibitions and publications including the JIA 100 Most Attractive Illustrators of the World.

We have made it our practice to just have our heads down and work, and ignore in some senses all the reasons why something shouldn’t be possible.

Image: Illustration of ‘The Children of Captain Grant’, Jules Verne Text: Sir Jonathan Paul ‘Jony’ Ive

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom The Danish Exclusive Economic Zone and Village of Hvide Sande, Denmark In Jules Verne’s ‘The Children of Captain Grant’, the leading metaphorical character is water. This medium is the provider of the journey; it is also the concealer or revealer of the information that the wanderers sought throughout their journey across the world. Water is the interface of the interaction with their environment and the common ground that drove the group’s actions. Today, water as human territory is in itself a myth yet to be consumed.

Throughout history, it has often seen as the unknown, because apart from industrial purposes, human economy is only based on procuring land surface. The project concludes that water (not only land) constitutes inhabitable territory, that water has different states and potentials and that it can produce different spatial conditions; water is the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom depicts a model of embracing ocean level rise and consequently taking up life on water.

Introduction 1 Brief 1.1 Design Brief

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2 Illustrations 2.1 Featured Illustrations 2.2 In Dialogue

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3 Design Realisation 3.1 Overview 3.2 Building Context 3.3 Building Construction 3.4 Building Performance 3.5 Building Delivery 3.6 Appendix

43 55 97 135 161 169

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Brief

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Arrival of the Floating Pool after 40 years of crossing the Atlantic, the architects and lifeguards reach their destination. But they hardly notice it due to the particular form of locomotion of the pool - its reaction to their own displacement in water - they have to swim toward what they want to get away from and away from where they want to go.

Rem Koolhaas, The Story of the Pool, 1977

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1.1 Design Brief Relocation: The Making Of Utopia

In the tradition of science fiction tropes of Jonathan Swift and Jules Verne, the Russian modernist architects used a portable pool infrastructure to escape Soviet oppression to the United States of America in Koolhaas’ Delirious New York (1978).

Meanwhile, Brodsky and Utkin opted instead to remain in Russia to produce visionary schemes in response to the bleak professional scene in which are only artless and ill-conceived buildings, diluted through numerous bureaucratic strata and constructed out of poor materials... [it was] an escape into the realm of the imagination that ended as a visual commentary on what was wrong with social and physical reality and how its ills might be remedied. Their Wandering Turtle (1984) resembles a large pile of seemingly ad-hoc elements being pushed through the streets. On closer inspection, it is a maze of a big city comprises a diverse collection of crafted and intelligent buildings, presumably being smuggled into the banal urban context, making metaphoric reference to the Trojan Horse.

Both the decisions to relocate or to remain are basic human rights, and can be applied as strategies for the making of Utopia. According to the 2006 Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change, around 200 million people will be permanently displaced by 2050 - often the amalgamation of complex economic, social and political drivers, which are exacerbated by increasingly unpredictable environmental conditions. The movement patterns of environmental migrants vary: forced relocation might result from an unforeseen catastrophe such as a tsunami or earthquake, while slow persistent effects of drought on agriculture could cause a gradual relocation process. When the nature of existence is based on a transient lifestyle, then the ability to create a portable architecture is one of if not the most important human-made factor in their survival, argued Professor Robert Kronenburg in his book Architecture in Motion (2014). He also identified the first recorded infrastructure of relocation to be Noah’s Ark.

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At a much smaller scale, the travelling circus, mobile homes, Native American Tipi and Mongolian Yurt provided the necessary facilities and freedom to relocate. Mongolian nomads historically moved three to four times a year as seasons change or as pastures become greener elsewhere. Dirigibles, however, have more recently been used to ingenious effect by French architect, Giles Ebersolt, to position living environments in the treetop canopies of tropical rainforests. The Radeau des Cimes (1989), an inflatable raft that floats on the forest canopy like a boat sailing on the waves, provided previously unimaginable access to the forest environment.

Relocation of capital cities is not uncommon.

Ancient Egyptians, Romans, and Chinese changed their capital frequently. Some countries choose new capitals that are more easily defended in a time of invasion or war; others built in undeveloped areas to spur unity, security, and prosperity. The decision to relocate the Brazilian capital from Rio de Janeiro to Brasilia was intended to not only symbolically relocate the seat of national power but also shift the demographic and economic focus away from the European colonial powers and toward the vast hinterland.

In 2016, the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI) reported that older couples ‘downsizing’ to smaller properties could free up much-needed housing stock in urban areas. Also, at £320bn a year, the third age now account for around 47% of all UK consumer spending, and is helping to keep the UK economy moving. In Detroit, it is the cheap housing and incentive programs that are enticing the relocation of the middle class and creative population from neighboring states to fuel the regrowth of the Motor City. ‘Write A House’ provides vocational training to Detroiters to renovate vacant dilapidated homes, help incoming writers and artists overcome the obstacles to home-ownership, and establish a sustainable creative landscape.

Nevertheless, relocation is not the only response strategy to climate change or global events; it is widely agreed that many displaced are likely to

remain in their communities and seek to adapt to the impacts. Rather than ‘fighting’, governments together with planners and architects need to envision built environments that embrace the enemy.

Strengthening community resilience that can adapt in uncertainty can reduce relocation - this is both an opportunity and a challenge.

A map of the world that does not include Utopia is not worth even glancing at, for it leaves out the one country at which Humanity is always landing.

Progress is the realization of Utopias. (Oscar Wilde, The Soul of Man Under Socialism, 1891)

CJ Lim, Studio 3A Design Brief at Aarhus School of Architecture

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Illustrations

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In the words of a good friend ‘I believe good work (in general) doesn’t root in solving a problem, but in inspiration, in the wish, fever, belief, hope, fascination, will, ideal, in flow.

And also, it’s the nicest condition, state of mind I know to live in. Since I also think that we don’t get the condition of flow just with birth and livelong, we have to be curious and interested and happily try to hunt it!’

Essentially, that’s what the drawings are about. They cultivate optimism and a sense of messy vitality rather than obvious unity; they evoke many levels of meaning and combinations of focus: space and its elements become readable and workable in several ways at once; they employ symbolism and a fictional narrative structure to create sustainable architecture and environments of spatial and social impact, in addition to the use of political poetics as well as technical exposition; they explore issues of sustainability, resilience and climate change challenges.

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2.1 Featured Illustrations 2.1.1 The Master Plan

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom is a demonstration project concerning a regional environmental strategy addressing 20.000 square kilometres of the Danish Territorial Waters and mainland Jutland Peninsula, with a focus study on the actual building of the Ministry.

Original size 841 mm x 1189 mm

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2.1 Featured Illustrations 2.1.2 Embracing Ocean Level Rise

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom is a project showing a model of embracing ocean level rise and consequently taking up life on water. The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom has a strategic approach on the foreseeable event of ocean level rise. The Ministry operates through a set of components that prepare, protect and provide for the population and the territory under flood threat. These components define: habitation, transportation, natural environment, infrastructure and logistics.

Original size 841 mm x 1189 mm

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2.1 Featured Illustrations 2.1.3 Providing A New Model Of Habitation

The The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom prepares the necessary components so that its users will not be forced to relocate when ocean level will rise. The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom provides a new model of habitation for the local population (coast and not only) ready to remain and pursue a lasting and fruitful life on water. The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom protects people who face the same danger of ocean level rise anywhere on the globe. The implementation of the model of the Ministry will therefore diminish the number of global environmental migrants.

Original size 841 mm x 1189 mm

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2.1 Featured Illustrations 2.1.4 Educating About The Ocean And Its Values

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom represents and act of education about the ocean and its values: it mediates dialogue between people who part similar hardships and want to share knowledge with compassion and generosity.

Original size 841 mm x 1189 mm

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2.1 Featured Illustrations 2.1.5 Engaging With Global Environmental Challenges

The joy of the new social space drives the inhabitants to engage not only with a certain piece of the built environment but with the landscape and the seemingly dramatic shifts of societal change in light of global environmental changes. This speculative scenario emphasizes yet once again the positive outcomes of these global climate changes and its mission is to induce a certain level of political and social awareness on these topics.

Original size 841 mm x 1189 mm

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1. Steve Quevedo received his Bachelor of Science in Architecture and his Masters of Architecture from the School of Architecture at the University of Texas at Arlington. Quevedo’s work has received numerous awards in the Dallas A.I.A. Annual Ken Roberts Delineation Competition.

His drawings and paintings were recently published in the book, “The Book of Drawings and Sketches: Architecture” by Chris Van Uffelen, Braun Publications.

His work has been exhibited in The Dallas Museum of Art, The Tchoban Foundation - The Museum of Architectural Drawings in Berlin, Germany, The Arlington Museum of Art, Gallery 414, Ft. Worth, Texas, Flotsam Gallery, Dallas, Texas, The Dallas Institute of Humanities, The McKinney Avenue Contemporary and The Craighead Green Gallery.

Steve Quevedo is an Associate Professor of Architecture at The College of Architecture, Planning and Public Affairs at UTA. He teaches design and conceptual drawing His research involves drawings using hand drawings, paintings and digital hybrid methods.

2. Petra Kempf, PhD. is an architect and urban designer based in New York City. Her background includes working with the public and private sector, such as the Department of City Planning in New York City, The Project for Public Space and Richard Meier and Partner. In addition to her current teaching appointment at Columbia University in New York, she has taught at various universities in the United States and Europe, such as Cornell University, Parsons School for Design, Pratt Institute, and the University of Dortmund, Germany.

“I would think later in the day about it and say: that was a really fantastic drawing” Steven Quevedo Associate Professor at The University of Texas at Arlington

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3. Jimenez Lai works in the world of art, culture, and education. Around the turn of the century, Jimenez Lai lived in a desert shelter at Taliesin and resided in a shipping container at Atelier Van Lieshout on the piers of Rotterdam. Before founding Bureau Spectacular, Lai worked for various international offices, including MOS and OMA. Lai is widely exhibited and published around the world, including the MoMA-collected White Elephant.

His first book, Citizens of No Place, was published by Princeton Architectural Press with a grant from the Graham Foundation.

Draft II of this book has been archived at the New Museum. Lai has won various awards, including the Architectural League Prize for Young Architects and Debut Award at the Lisbon Triennale, and the 2017 Designer of the Future Award at Art Basel / Design Miami. In 2014, Lai represented Taiwan at the 14th Venice Architectural Biennale.

In 2015, Lai organized the Treatise exhibition and publication series at the Graham Foundation. Alongside MoMA, Lai’s work has been collected by SFMOMA, Art Institute of Chicago, and LACMA. Lai has taught at various universities, including OSU, UIC, Syracuse, Cornell, Columbia, and UCLA.

2.2 In Dialogue 2.2.1 The AIA Dallas KRob Jury Citation

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The Ken Roberts Memorial Delineation Competition (KRob) has celebrated the best in architectural delineation for 44 years. A Dallas classic that has received international recognition, KRob honours hand and digital delineation by professionals and students throughout the world. Averaging over 400 entries from 25 countries in the past several years, the competition’s visibility continues to grow. The Ken Roberts Memorial Delineation Competition is the most senior architectural drawing competition currently in operation anywhere in the world. This award is presented to the best student and professional entries that demonstrate excellence through an innovative use of media and technology. Submissions may be digital, or hybrid mixed media with preference given to those that push the envelope of architectural representation, including drawings produced through algorithmic processes.

I would go back onto the on-line and look at the entries and then I’d stop so I wouldn’t get numb about looking at them, I’d come back, and this drawing was one that I kept coming back to, it was like a drawing that I would think about later in the day and say ‘That was a really fantastic drawing.’

What I want to congratulate this artist about is that he took the digital media and really made it their own, and we talked about this, about creating a signature in terms of how you produce work, and that is as important as anything that you do as a designer. So even though it’s a digital drawing, it has a kind of sensitivity to it that has incredible detail, there is an explanation of section and these incredible machines so it’s one that you go back and forth into. Then it recalls Sant’Elia’s and the Italian rationalist paintings that he would do for that competition for the train station in Milan, so I was immediately drawn to it.

Steven Quevedo

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KooZA/rch – Researching the visual language of our built environment Embracing the multidisciplinary, our ambition is to research, challenge and reveal the multitude of lenses through which we can draw and talk about our built environment. At KooZA/rch the image is the medium through which we question and trace speculative ideas which confront our contemporary understanding of architecture and the space it enfolds both physically and metaphorically. From the theoretical to the real, we value the image as true piece of evidence which documents the world we have come to shape and now inhabit. We approach the image as a universal visual language which transcends borders. For us the image is concept, truth and project.

As a digital research platform, we challenge the very act of drawing and image making in the land of the pixel. We value the daring and the absurd, the alternative to the normal, the ideas which push contemporary preconceptions and boundaries Our interviews pledge to be inspirational conversations which reveal the behind the scenes of what constitutes a project. From the final images we talk and write our way back to reveal all that lies between concept and final product. We cherish the ‘work in progress’ as moment of critical thinking where exciting and thought-provoking ideas are shaped and discussed. We do not limit ourselves to one reading and one image but rather pledge to reveal the multitude of decisions through which we think, shape and design our built environment.

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2.2 In Dialogue 2.2.2 KooZA/rch Interviews: The Moments Of The Ministry

Who influences you graphically?

I continuously study the work of Hariton Pushwagner known for his urban art and pop art, and Heath Robinson, illustrator of comically absurd designs and life situations.

Trough their style, they both display repetitions, iterations accompanied by scale variations. I also look very closely at illustrators from eastern cultures such as Korin Furuya, Ray Morimura and of course, Katsushika Hokusai.

How does the graphic representation of the project relate to the actual proposal?

At the beginning, we started these drawings in gray scale.

I wanted to produce clear images without any colourful distractions. As we worked our way through though, colour began to play an important role, as the world of oceans started to be defined by blue and green tones. At this point, it seemed pretty natural to have the rest of the architectural tectonic language displayed in shades of brown - just enough to produce a sense of complementarity. You could also refer to these drawings as sepia drawings in which we balanced blue and green tones.

What was your work process in terms of both image production as well as programs used?

I think the issue that is brought up by these drawings is composition: we don’t just run the ‘render’ command and presumably, a ‘nice’ image turns out. Composition refers multiple angles carefully arranged so that ‘an image’ is not ‘one image’. Particular views are set up and arranged to convey the message to the reader and add further technical understanding - sections ‘are cut’ through certain objects, or skin ‘is peeled off’ to show that technical knowledge is there. The complexity of the images is not in the apparent ‘randomness’ but in the provocative and sometimes surprising angles. In terms of work flow, there are numerous Rhino models - never a complete single and detailed model - to produce the angles which are then manipulated in Photoshop to extract lines, to add masks, textures and to vary tones. As there is a lot of production to be output, the work flow has to be as efficient as it can get.

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Design Realisation

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The Design Realisation Report aims to introduce knowledge that is required in the realisation of building projects, within professional architectural design practice.

The understanding of topics, such as planning, structural principles, construction, materials, details, building performance, building codes etc. is demonstrated in relation to the main building design project.

The Design Realisation includes multiple amounts of stakeholders. In order to grasp the task of project delivery, project management is presented, understanding the importance of an interdisciplinary approach and integration, in order to create a successful project.

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Design Realisation Contents

Introduction 41 1 1.1

Overview, Brief And Concepts For The Site The Extraordinary Voyages 1.1.1 Pretext And Utopia 43 1.1.2 Principle Design Aims And Objectives. Designing The Cloud 45 1.1.3 Ministry + Water 47 1.1.4 Ministry + Journey 49 1.1.5 Ministry + Flight 51 1.1.6 Translating Concepts And Identifying Typologies 53

2 Building Context, Planning, Form And Systems 2.1 Sites And Scales Of The Project 2.1.1 North Sea Natural History 55 2.1.2 Modern Era Events 57 2.1.3 Biodiversity And Natural Environment 59 2.1.4 Sea Level Rise Projections In Northern Europe 61 2.1.5 Sea Level Rise Research Data 63 2.1.6 The Exclusive Economic Zones Of Denmark 65 2.1.7 The Area Of Activity Of The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom 67 2.2 Planning 2.2.1 Jutland Peninsula Flood Phases 1, 2 And 3 69 2.2.2 The Flying Ministry 75 2.2.3 Master Plan And The Village Of Hvide Sande 77 2.2.4 Site Plan, The Two Agoras And The New Religion 79 2.2.5 Design Development (1) 81 2.2.6 The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom General Arrangements 83 2.2.7 Design Development (2) 91 2.2.8 The Emergency Escape Strategy 93 2.2.9 The Personal Flotation System Detail 95 3 Building Construction 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Key Structural Principles To Address 97 3.2 The Flight Sequences 3.2.1 Preparation 99 3.2.2 Landing 101 3.2.3 Celebration And Seasonal Programming 103

Design Realisation Contents

3.3 The Pool 3.3.1 Characteristics And Particular Components 105 3.3.2 Volume Massing And Sectional Typologies 107 3.3.3 Primary Structural Framework 109 3.3.4 Secondary Structural Framework 111 3.3.5 Alternative Structural Details 113 3.3.6 Carbon Panel Connection And Waterproofing Details 115 3.3.7 Fish To Pool Connection Detail 117 3.3.8 Carbon Fibre Coating And Layering Sequence 119 3.3.9 Exterior Colour And Visual Appearance 121 3.4 The Rib Structure 3.4.1 Connection Details 123 3.5 The Hydrogen Clouds 3.5.1 The Hydrogen Clouds Assembly 125 3.5.2 Top Connection Details 127 3.6 Additional General Assemblies 3.6.1 The Changing Rooms 129 3.6.2 The Steam Storage Clouds 131 3.6.3 The Horses 133 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12

Building Performance Environmental Strategies To Address The Boiling Water Reactors The Four Scenarios Of Heat Exchange Systems Pool Disinfection System, Environmental Impacts And Waste Management The Refrigeration System, The Skating Rink And The Frozen Lake Water Electrolysis And The Hydrogen Clouds Learning From Hindenburg-Class Airship Case Study The Pool Structure Weight Revised Assessment The Four Water Cycles: Collecting (2), Purifying And Drinking Electrical Energy Output From Raindrops Wind Analysis And Readdressing Landing Sequences Emergency Response Systems For Nuclear Reactor Accidents

135 137 139 141 143 145 147 149 151 153 155 157

5 Building Delivery 5.1 Government And Context 161 5.2 Letters To The Parliament 163 5.3 Project Phasing And Cost 165 5.4 Stakeholders, Resources And Hierarchies 167 6 Appendix 6.1 References 169

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1.1.1 The Extraordinary Voyages. Pretext And Utopia This chapter emphasizes the origin of the narrative and its construction. Below are presented the book that has inspired the project together with a short summary. Certain 1.2 Utopia and Pretext. The Extraordinary Voyages. scenes or chapters from the book and have been translated into resembling utopia, This chapter emphasizes the origin of the narrative its construction.

Below are presented the collages book that has inspired the project together with a short summary. Certain scenes or chapters from the book have been translated into collages resembling utopia, that have later on produced the brief, program and functions of the project. that have later on produced the brief, program and functions of the project. this is the cover of latter edition of “In Search of the Castaways” form 1889

this is a short synopsis

The Extraordinary Voyages

In Search of the Castaways by Jules Vernes is an adventure novel which

tells the story of the quest for a group of people who were castaway on their ship Britannia. Lord and Lady Glenarvan of Scotland retrieve a message in a bottle from the stomach of a shark and make it their mission to find the castaways. The main difficulty is that the coordinates of the wreckage are mostly erased, and only the latitude (37 degrees) is known; thus, the expedition would have to circumnavigate the 37th parallel in the Southern Hemisphere.

Remaining clues consist of a few words in three languages. They are re-interpreted several times throughout the novel to make various destinations seem likely. The search team encounters dangerous seas and frequently wonders off-track but at the end, the team manages to rescue Captain Grant and the remaining surviving crew.

these pictograms display the voyage carried out by the heroes from the book

South America

Australia

New Zealand

paralell 37° southern hemisphere

The New “Land” of Water

the journey

Keywords: water, topography, territory, movement, transparency, cloud, wings, water states.

The Beach

Keywords: beach, line, strip, city vs. nature, animals, joy, allegria, tourism.

The Ice Berg

Keywords: water, material, ice, movement, natural habitat.

The Ripples

Keywords: water, movement, birds, ripples, momentary, ephemeral.

Utopia

these collages and studies conclude in the following definition of utopia

In Verne’s novel, the leading metaphorical character is water. This medium is the provider of the journey; it is also the concealer or revealer of the information that the wanderers sought throughout the journey. Water is the interface of the interaction with their environment and the common ground that drove the group’s actions.

Today, water as human territory is in itself a myth yet to be consumed. The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom takes the notion of water as its key utopian design driver. Utopia is the realization that water (not only land) constitutes inhabitable territory, that water has different states and potentials and that it can produce different spatial conditions.

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

https://bulldogvintage.wordpress.com/2009/04/25/cover-of-later-edition-of-jules-vernes-in-search-of-the-castaways-1889/

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1.1.2 Principle Design Aims And Objectives. Designing The Cloud As an ongoing project, The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom has been constantly referring to notions such as (A) relocation and (B) undesirable. These notions have been critically followed and investigated throughout the design concept, development and finally the present design realisation report.

This has been constantly while having in the 1.3 Principle Design Aimspursued and Objectives.

Designing the Cloud.

As an ongoing project, The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom has been constantly referring to notions such as (A) relocation and (B) undesirable. These notions have been back of the mind critically the mission statement of the project (C). followed and investigated throughout the design concept, (brief) development and finally the present design realisation report. This has been constantly pursued while having in the back of the mind the mission statement of the project (brief) (C).

This chapter shows two drawings that sum up the notions that have defined utopia in the previous sheet.

Moreover, these images conclude the program, function and characteristics featured in the following list. This list is therefore the mission statement of the Ministry of Ocean Wisdom and it is defined according to the two notions (A&B) and the the brief (C).

A— RELOCATION

1—

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom prepares the necessary components so that its users will not be forced to relocate when ocean level will rise.

2— The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom provides a new model of habitation for the

local population (coast and not only) ready to remain and pursue a lasting and fruitful life on water.

3—

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom protects people who face the same danger of ocean level rise anywhere on the globe. The implementation of the model of the Ministry will therefore diminish the number of global environmental migrants.

Summary drawing of the book.

Key narrative: the flood is coming and the wanderers lose their horses and inhabit a tall tree that reaches the sun and the stars.

B— UNDESIRABLE

The ocean is an undesirable environment for habitation due to the lack accessibility, the lack of physical terrain and danger of extreme weather conditions and ocean depths. Throughout history, it has seldom seen as the

unknown. Apart from industrial purposes, human economy is only based on procuring land surface.

C— PROJECT SYNOPSIS

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom is a demonstration project showing a model of embracing ocean level rise and consequently taking up life on water. The Ministry operates through a set of components that prepare, protect and provide for the population and the territory under flood threat. These components include: habitation, transportation infrastructure, natural environment and logistics.

Summary collage on program and functions. Key elements: clouds, movement, flight, fish, nature, water, ocean energy.

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

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1.1.3 Ministry + Water The first feature of the Ministry of Ocean Wisdom is displayed in its relationship with water. This idea is followed throughout the development of the entire project, in all scales, situations and programs, including the actual building of the Ministry. As previously stated, water is the environment of the Ministry and it is the new material that constitutes inhabitable territory, that admits different spatial states, potentials and conditions. These conditions are mentioned below in form of two programs that are the main features of 1.4 Conceptual Studies — Ministry + Water. the Ministry Ocean Wisdom: (1)in its aquaculture which includes different programs and in(2) The first feature of the of Ministry of Ocean Wisdom is displayed relationship with water . This idea is followed throughout the development of the entire project, all scales, situations and programs, including the actual building of the Ministry. As previously stated, water is the environment of the Ministry and it is the new material that constitutes inhabitable territory, that housing facilities. admits different spatial states, potentials and conditions. These conditions are mentioned below in form of two programs that are the main features of the Ministry of Ocean Wisdom: (1) aquaculture which includes different programs and (2) housing facilities.

Bird’s eye view of the Ministry and the horizontal strips that cointain the four programs presented in this chapter.

concept reference

concept reference

(1) Aquaculture in Thailand

(2) F.L.I.P.

FLIP (FLoating Instrument Platform) is an open ocean research platform owned by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. The platform is 108 meters long and is designed to partially flood and pitch backward 90°, resulting in only the front 17 meters of the platform pointing up out of the water, with bulkheads becoming decks. When flipped, most of the buoyancy for the platform is provided by water at depths below the influence of surface waves. At the end of a mission, compressed air is pumped into the ballast tanks in the flooded section and the platform, which has no propulsion, returns to its horizontal position so it can be towed to a new location.

Fish meat is an excellent source of energy and protein, is easily digested and has a low fat content and high nutritional value.

Alongside fish farms, there are three additional programs (program 1, 2, 3) described below, that deal with water desalination and salt production.

program 1

program 2

program 3

6

5

4

4a

4b

4

3

3a

3b

3

2

2

2

1

1

1

Production of Fresh Water

Production of Salt

harvesting pools.

2 Processing and sedimentation ponds.

3 Water filtration.

4 Water processed in settling tanks.

5 Fresh water stored in tanks or underground water pools.

6 Water exported to cities or agriculture.

harvested from salt pools and allowed to evaporate in salt flats.

2 Brine pools.

3 Salt storage.

4 Salt export.

1 Harvested water from

1 Hyper salinated water is

Agricultural Water Loops

1 Water is intercepted for agricultural purposes.

2 Salinated agricultural water is collected.

3a Water flows into naturally

re-mediating wetland marshes.

4a Re-mediated water is sent back into agricultural loop.

3b Saline water naturally

program 4

evaporates to create.

4b Salt and brine water is sent to habitat and recreation pools.

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom. https://www.123rf.com/photo_42527873_cage-aquaculture-farming-thailand.html “FLIP: Description”. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Physical Laboratory. Retrieved 12 April 2014.

Jean, Grace (22 June 2012). “Navy’s Floating Research Platform ‘Flips’ for its 50th Anniversary”. United States Navy, Office of Naval Research. Retrieved 11 April 2014.

“Research Vessels: Surface Vessels - R/V FLIP”. United States Navy, Office of Naval Research. Retrieved 21 August 2010.

“All About F.L.I.P.”. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Retrieved 21 August 2010.

Fisher, Fred (2002). FLIP - The World’s Strangest Research Lab. YouTube.com. Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Retrieved 21 August 2010.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

This section is a study on one of the housing elements depicted in the view above. Issues such as accesibility or routine activities such as laundering are critically investigated.

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1.1.4 Ministry + Journey The second fundamental concept is the journey of The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom which is also derived from the idea of relocation. This chapter identifies the three angles that define this attribute of the Ministry of Ocean Wisdom. The journey is therefore seen as (1) Conceptual Studiesand —(3) Ministry + Journey. a form of taking up life on water, as (2) a channel 1.5 of producing enlightenment as a The second fundamental concept is the journey of The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom which is also derived from the idea of relocation. This chapter identifies the three angles that define this state of liberation. attribute of the Ministry of Ocean Wisdom. The journey is therefore seen as (1) a form of taking up life on water, as (2) a channel of producing enlightenment and (3) as a state of liberation.

Bird’s eye view of the Ministry atop of the strips introduced in the previous chapter.

Fishing Village

Net fishing village in Phatthalung Province in southern Thailand.(1)

Fishing Village

Net fishing village in China, location unknown.(3)

Journey as way of living: these villages are depended on fishing activities. The journey is here the daily struggle of fishermen to provide for their families.

Theatre of the World

This theater was designed for the Venice Biennale in 1979 by Aldo Rossi.

When completed demonstrations of the Biennial, theater crossed the Adriatic Sea and settled in Dubrovnik.(5)

Makoko Floating School

Makoko Floating School was designed

by Kunlé Adeyemi to provide teaching facilities for a slum district on Lagos Lagoon.(6)

Journey as enlightenment. These two cases illustrate cultural symbols: a school and a theatre relocate to share knowledge for those in need.

Noah's Ark

Noah's Ark is the vessel in the Genesis flood narrative (Genesis chapters 6–9) by which God spares Noah, his family, and a remnant of all the world's animals from the flood.(2)

The Uros of Lake Titicaca

The Uros descend from a millennial town that, according to legends, are "pukinas" who speak Uro or Pukina and that believe they are the owners of the lake and water.(4)

Journey as liberation. The common ground of these two stories is threat: the inevitable flood or the approach of Spanish conquistadors. The journey is here the last resort that will trigger another way of life.

these are conceptual references that tie to the idea of aquatic journeys

this is an early concept drawing showing the Ministry in its journey accross the sea

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

(1) Photo by Sarah Wouters (2) Painting by the American folk painter Edward Hicks, 1846. Graves, Robert; Patai, Raphael (1986). Hebrew Myths: The Book of Genesis. Random House. p. 315.

(3) Photo by Chinese photographer Lanfeng Chen.

(4) Photo via http://edition.cnn.com/2016/02/24/style/the-hidden-history-of-made-in-italy/ (5) Text via Wikipedia. Image via http://distribuidoralatinoandina.com/el-lago-titicaca-y-las-islas-flotantes-de-los-uros/ (6) Photo by Iwan Bann

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1.1.5 Ministry + Flight Having previously noted that the Ministry of Ocean Wisdom is a project on water that contains a piece that is traveling around, the third and last notion discussed in the present chapter is the flight.

First, the flight comes as a way of travel; second, the flight means transportation by air and by this, The Ministry does not relate to water in liquid form only, but also refers to gas (steam) (and it will later be shown that it will also include the solid state - ice). In conclusion, relocation is not only defined by (1) its users which will not have to relocate because of the upcoming floods (relocation 1.6 Conceptual Studies — Ministry + Flight. chapter 1.2) and it is not only defined by (2) the Ministry which is moving (the journey - chapter 1.4), Having previously noted that the Ministry of Ocean Wisdom is a project on water that contains a piece that is traveling around, the third and last notion discussed in the present chapter is the flight. First, the flight comes as a way of travel; second, the flight means transportation by air and by this, The Ministry does not relate to water in liquid form only, but also refers to gas (steam) (and it will later be shown but there is also relocation between the states of water. Finally third, the flight means nothing less that it will also include the solid state - ice). In conclusion, relocation is not only defined by (1) its users which will not have to relocate because of the upcoming floods (relocation - chapter 1.2) and it is not only defined by (2) the Ministry which is moving (the journey - chapter 1.4), but there is also relocation between the states of water. than the act of believing in or accepting outside boundaries of immediate reason.

Finally third,challenges the flight means nothing less than theof actthe of believing in or accepting challenges outside of the boundaries of immediate reason. the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap

The Ministry in flight — development study

Section study showing the inflated building of the Ministry roaming above water.

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

of faith the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

the leap of faith

The Ministry in flight — development study

plan view

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

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1.1.6 Identifying Concepts And Translating Typologies This chapter concludes the aforementioned three concepts and presents a series of images and first development studies. They are analyzed in comparison to building typologies to carry forward the study in the 1.7 decision-making process.

CertainIdentifying conceptual Typologies.

Translating Concepts.

This chapter concludes parts, the aforementioned three concepts and presents a series of images is andto first development studies. They are elements are compared with finalized design therefore the aim of the chapter analyzed in comparison to building typologies to carry forward the study in the decision-making process. Certain conceptual elements are compared of with the finalized design parts, therefore the aim of the chapter is to also show continuity or discontinuity of the design process. also show continuity or discontinuity design process.

The Ministry in flight — perspective view

The Ministry in flight — section view close-up

The Airship An airship or dirigible is a type of aerostat or lighter-than-air aircraft that can navigate through the air under its own power.(1)

The Longboat The Viking longboat is a sophisticated piece of engineering that allows the Vikings to explore the world across the open ocean.(2)

The Ministry in flight — top view

these are two building typoloy references

balloon-like structure

boat-like structure

The Ministry landed — diagram of finalized section

this is a “before and after” comparative study these are early design development physical models

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

(1) Photo and text via https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airship (2) http://www.history.com/shows/vikings/season-1/episode-7/viking-ships

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

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2.1.1 North Sea Natural History 2.1.1 The North Sea. Site Analysis — Natural History.

Thisspecific analysis provides specific information aboutthe the North Sea forSea a better understanding current and past conditions of this area.

This analysis provides information about North for a betterof the understanding of the current and past conditions of this area.

A. Key Facts

The North Sea is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. An epeiric (or “shelf”) sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north. It is more than 970 kilometres long and 580 kilometres wide, with an area of around 570,000 square kilometres.

The North Sea has long been the site of important European shipping lanes as well as a major fishery. The sea is a popular destination for recreation and tourism in bordering countries and more recently has developed into a rich source of energy resources including fossil fuels, wind, and early efforts in wave power.

B. Geology

Shallow epicontinental seas like the current North Sea have since long existed on the European continental shelf. The rifting that formed the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, from about 150 million years ago, caused tectonic uplift in the British Isles.(1) Since then, a shallow sea has almost continuously existed between the uplands of the Fennoscandian Shield and the British Isles.(2) This precursor of the current North Sea has grown and shrunk with the rise and fall of the eustatic sea level during geologic time.

site focus

This was the North Sea about 30 million years ago Key Facts Location

Atlantic Ocean

Coordinates

56°N 03°E

Type

Sea

Primary inflows

Baltic Sea, Elbe, Weser, Ems, Rhine/Waal, Meuse, Scheldt, Spey, Don, Dee, Tay, Forth, Tyne, Tees, Humber, Thames

Basin countries

Norway, Denmark, Germany, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, The United Kingdom

Max. length

960 km (600 mi)

Max. width

580 km (360 mi)

Surface area

570,000 km2 (220,000 sq mi)

Average depth

95 m (312 ft)

Max. depth

700 m (2,300 ft)

Water volume

54,000 km3 (4.4×1010 acre·ft)

Salinity

3.4 to 3.5%

Map showing The North Sea between 34 million years ago and 28 million years ago, as Central Europe became dry land.

N

Max. temperature 17 °C (63 °F) Min. temperature

This was the North Sea 10.000 years ago

6 °C (43 °F)

site focus

Map showing hypothetical extent of Doggerland (c. 8,000 BC), which provided a land bridge between Great Britain and continental Europe

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Sea The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation (1) Ziegler, P. A. (1975). “Geologic Evolution of North Sea and Its Tectonic Framework”. AAPG Bulletin. 59.

(2) See Ziegler (1990) or Glennie (1998) for the development of the paleogeography around the North Sea area from the Jurassic onwards.

N

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2.1.2 Modern Era Events This analysis shows two historical events that provide an additional layer of contextual understanding of the project. Facts displayed below have informed a specific component of the Ministry of Ocean Wisdom which is called The Department of Research and Social Awareness. The primary aim of this department is to deal with information and data about the North Sea and in this sense it holds an educative component. To exemplify, there are numerous myths and legends and the objective is to “keep the myth alive“ throughout generations but also to translate in a contemporary fashion what was the original story or learning. Historical2.1.2 factsThe are also documented and in this way, Department of North Sea. Site Analysis —The Modern Era Events.

This analysis shows two historical events that provide an additional layer of contextual understanding of the project.

Facts displayed below have informed Research and Social Awareness plays the role of a library or a database that shares a specific component of the Ministry of Ocean Wisdom which is called The Department of Research and Social Awareness. The primary aim of this department is to deal with information and data about the North Sea and in this sense it holds an educative component. To exemplify, there are numerous myths and legends and the objective knowledge. is to “keep the myth alive“ throughout generations but also to translate in a contemporary fashion what was the original story or learning. Historical facts are also documented and in this way, The Department of Research and Social Awareness plays the role of a library or a database that shares knowledge.

The Myth of Fossegrimen

Fossegrimen is a spirit who lives in waterfalls and is neither good nor evil.

The Fossegrim is a magnificent musician who plays the fiddle day and night.

If an aspiring fiddle player ventures to seek his help, the Fossegrim will gladly help for a price. The fiddle player must go to the waterfall and offer him a nice meal, usually a good plump joint of meat. Many stories tell of travelers who have tried to palm the Fossegrim off with an inadequate piece of meat, resulting in the him just teaching the student how to tune his fiddle rather than play it. He is said to be young and handsome though never leaves his waterfall.

The Myth of Nøkken.

Nøkken, näcken, or strömkarlen, is a fresh water dwelling relative of Fossegrimen, but unlike his kinsman, the nøkk is both dangerous and clever. The nøkk plays a violin to lure his victims out onto thin ice or in leaky boats and then draws them down to the bottom of the water where he is waiting for them. The nøkk is also a known shapeshifter, usually changing into a horse or a man in order to lure his victims to him.

Government Funding to Find Mythical Creature on Danish Island.

State-funded Danish Council for Independent Research (DFF) has earmarked DKK 2,5 million (EUR 330.000) to a PhD project that will look into the activity of ‘trolls’ in Bornholm, a small island in the east of Denmark.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

Battle of Dogger Bank, 1915

German cruiser SMS Blücher sinks in the Battle of Dogger Bank on 25 January 1915. The Battle of Dogger Bank was a naval engagement on 24 January 1915, near the Dogger Bank in the North Sea, during the First World War, between squadrons of the British Grand Fleet and the German High Seas Fleet.

Zuid-Beveland, North Sea Flood, 1953.

The 1953 North Sea flood (Dutch: Watersnoodramp, literally “water emergency disaster”) was a major flood caused by a heavy storm that occurred on the night of Saturday, 31 January 1953 and morning of Sunday, 1 February 1953. The floods struck the Netherlands, Belgium, England and Scotland.

Danish Government Relocates Country in Minecraft, Users Promptly Blow It Up and Plant American Flag.

It was ingeniously built using the agency’s 3D elevation model and was meant to be used as a teaching tool. Of course, players almost immediately began blowing it up. They weren’t supposed to be able to. The Danish Geodata Agency, disabled the ability to use dynamite, but neglected to disable the minecart with dynamite item.

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2.1.3 Biodiversity And Natural Environment This analysis looks at the natural environment and ocean currents of the North Sea. There are currents mainly entering via the north entrance and exiting along Norwegian coast. In the context of global ocean level rise, the different types of currents will suffer changes in 2.1.3 The North Sea. Site Analysis — Biodiversity and Natural Environment. direction,This speed suchandas minerals. analysis or lookscomposition at the natural environment ocean currents of the North Sea. There are currents mainly entering via the north entrance and exiting along Norwegian coast. In the context of global ocean level rise, the different types of currents will suffer changes in direction, speed or composition such as minerals.

These are Atlantic Water Currents

These are brackish water currents

These are fresh water currents

Norway

Denmak

site focus

The North Sea

United Kingdom

Phytoplankton are photosynthesizing microscopic organisms that inhabit the upper sunlit layer of almost all oceans and bodies of fresh water on Earth. They are agents for “primary production,” the creation of organic compounds from carbon dioxide dissolved in the water, a process that sustains the aquatic food web.

Atlantic Water Fresh Water Briny Water Sattelite image of the North Sea.

N

Phytoplankton bloom in the North Sea.

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

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Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA/GSFC http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=5341

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The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

2.1.4 Sea Level Rise Projections In Northern Europe The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom prepares the necessary components so that its users will not be forced to relocate when ocean level will rise. The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom provides a new model of habitation for the local population (coast and not only) ready 2.1.4 Sea Level Rise Projections in Northern Europe. to remain and pursue a lasting and fruitful life on water. This chapter demonstrates the The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom prepares the necessary components so that its users will not be forced to relocate when ocean level will rise. The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom provides a new model of habitation for the local population (coast and not only) ready to remain and pursue a lasting and fruitful life on water. severity of the issues that this area will be dealing with. This chapter demonstrates the severity of the issues that this area will be dealing with.

100 km

2m

4m

6m

9m

N

13m

20m

40m

60m

Skagerrak Strait

Kattegat Bay

North Sea

Baltic Sea site focus

Copenhagen

Berlin Amsterdam

London Brussels

Antlantic Ocean

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom. http://flood.firetree.net/?ll=56.0754,5.9549&zoom=5&m=0

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2.1.5 Sea Level Rise Research Data More flood-related data is presented in this chapter for a more accurate picture for the case of Denmark. History and projections are provided all leading to a relatively similar conclusion that the Danish landmass will be flooded by approximately 0,5 m by the end of 2.1.5 Sea Level Rise Research Data. this century and around 6 m in the following 500 years. These are vital data points that More flood-related data is presented in this chapter for a more accurate picture for the case of Denmark. History and projections are provided all leading to a relatively similar conclusion that the Danish landmass will be flooded by approximately 0,5 m by the end of this century and around 6 m in the following 500 have been taken into the design process of the Ministry of Ocean Wisdom. years. These are vital data points that have been taken into the design process of the Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

Past Slow Changes

Changes in sea levels in inner Danish waters based on beach lines and measurements adjusted according to vertical land movements.

The last 5000 years, sea levels around Denmark have risen approx. 1mm per year on average corresponding to a total of approx. 5m. Increase rate has varied a little due to natural variations in climate.

Geological studies show that during the past 900 years sea levels in inner Danish waters have been rising at average rates between 1,6 mm per year in the Middle Ages and approx. 0,5 mm per year in the period after 1750.

0 -20

changes (cm)

-40 -60 -80 -100 -120 1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

years

Figure 1 - Current Sea Levels in Denmark

Figure 2 - Sea Level Rise by 5m in Denmark

Sea Levels measured on 13th October 2016 17:42 provided by The Danish Meteorological Institute.

-27

-48

-17 -45

-42 -15 -49 -61 7

-52 -51

-44 -38

1

-33

-12

-1 -5 -2 1

-6 site focus

-7

-12 -9 17

-83

-58

-71 30 -26

-11 -14

32

-4

-10 -7 -16

-23

29

23

-14

N 6

22 -11

30

2 6 14

21

-10 -12

29

-3 -3

-15

28

site focus

-22

-17

-15 -10

20

22

-114 -52

50 km

-13

-3

-9

-51

6

-116

Climate change is expected to cause the mean water level around Denmark to rise. The best estimate for the different scenarios is between 0.3m and 0.6m within this century.

13 28 209

N 50 km

water level (cm)

Flood Area

Absolute Mean Water Level

Future Sea Levels

Mean water level rise around Denmark in metres, compared with the reference period 1986-2005. The figures in brackets indicate the probable interval for the individual scenario.

The graph below shows the absolute mean water level around Denmark in metres for the years 1900-2100. The grey-shaded curve for the years 1900-2012 shows the observed, annual mean water level measured by Danish water gauges, adjusted for isostatic uplift. The green thin curve for the years 2012-2100 shows the IPCC’s best estimate of mean water level in the North Sea for the RCP4.5 scenario, and the light green shadow indicates the uncertainty for this scenario. The dotted line shows the Danish Meteorological Institute’s estimate of an upper limit for water level rises for use in uncertainty calculations. To the right of the figure are shown the mean value and uncertainties for the period 2081-2100 for the four IPCC scenarios as well as for BACC’s assessment of the A1B scenario. The dotted line here shows the upper estimate for this period by the Danish Meteorological Institute.

1,4 1,2

Period

Scenario

Mean Sea Level Around Denmark [m]

2046-2065

RCP4.5

0,3 [0,1 - 0,4]

RCP2.6

0,3 [0,1 - 0,6]

RCP4.5

0,4 [0,2 - 0,7]

RCP8.5

0,6 [0,3 - 0,9]

0,4

A1B in AR5

0,5 [0,2 - 0,8]

0,2

A1B in BACC

0,6 [0,3 - 1,1]

DMI upper estimate

1,2

0,6

RCP2,6 RCP4,5 RCP6,0 RCP8,5 BAAC

2081-2100

1 0,8

0 -0,2 1900

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom. https://www.dmi.dk/en/klima/klimaet-frem-til-i-dag/danmark/vandstand/ https://www.dmi.dk/en/hav/maalinger/sea-level/ http://www.directionsmag.com/pressreleases/danish-government-launches-nation-wide-sea-level-rise-flooding-tool-ba/232928 http://en.klimatilpasning.dk/knowledge/climate/futuresealevels.aspx

1940

1980

2020

2040

2100

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2.1.6 The Exclusive Economic Zones of Denmark This chapter identifies the types of2.1.6 water The jurisdiction and whatEconomic amounts belong Exclusive Zones (EEZ) of Denmark This chapter identifies the types of water jurisdiction and what amounts belong to the Danish Territory. to the Danish Territory.

This map shows that The Kingdom of Denmark includes the constituent country of Greenland and the constituent country of the Faroe Islands.

Arctic Ocean

Greenland

Faroe Islands

site focus Antlantic Ocean

Denmark

N 4000 km Exclusive Economic Zone Area = 2 184 254 km²

Exclusive Economic Zone Area = 260 995 km² Arctic Ocean

Arctic Ocean

Norwegian Sea

Torshavn North Sea

Greenland Sea Baffin Bay N

North Atlantic Ocean 2000 km

Norwegian Sea Nuuk Davis Strait

EEZ

Sea

Land

An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is a sea zone prescribed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea over which a state has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind. It stretches from the baseline out to 200 nautical miles (370.4 km) from its coast.

Denmark Strait Conclusion: this study demonstrates that an Exclusive Economic zone

is part of the territory of a specific country - in this particular case Denmark. Issues raised in Chapter 1.3 Conceptual Studies — Ministry + Water are demonstrated in this study by showing that site of the Ministry of Ocean Wisdom will be the Danish Exclusive Economic Zone.

North Atlantic Ocean

N

1000 km

EEZ

Sea

Land

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

“Part V - Exclusive Economic Zone, Article 56”. Law of the Sea. United Nations. Retrieved 2011-08-28.

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2.1.7 The Area Of Activity Of The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom This chapter identifies the types of water jurisdiction and what amounts belong to the The Specific of Activity of the Danish Territory. It2.1.7 also includes populationArea statistics and concludes theMinistry site of the of Ocean Wisdom.

This chapter identifies the types of water jurisdiction and what amounts belong to the Danish Territory.

Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

It also includes population statistics and concludes the site of the Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

Internal Waters

Internal waters include waters on the landward side of the baseline of a nation’s territorial waters, except in archipelagic states. It includes waterways such as rivers and canals, and sometimes the water within small bays.

Territorial Waters

Territorial waters or a territorial sea as defined by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is a belt of coastal waters extending at most 12 nautical miles (22,2 km) from the baseline of a coastal state. The territorial sea is regarded as the sovereign territory of the state; this sovereignty also extends to the airspace over and seabed below.

Adjustment of these boundaries is called, in international law, maritime delimitation.

Exclusive Economic Zone Area = 105 989 km² Skagerrak Strait North Sea

Kattegat Bay

site focus Baltic Sea

Copenhagen

N 100 km

EEZ

Municipality

Population (2012)

Frederikshavn

61 158

Hjørring

66 178

Jammerbugt

38 611

Thisted

44 908

Morsø

21 474

Skive

47 720

Lemving

21 384

Struer

22 098

Holstebro

57 153

Ringkøbing-Skjern

57 892

Varde

50 193

Fanø

3 251

Esbjerg

115 112

Tønder

39 083

Total

646 215

Sea

Land

Rank

site focus

N

This is the amount of people affected by floods on the West Coast.

Antlantic Ocean Continental Shelf

site focus

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Town 16 City 17 18 19 20 Kattegat Bay 21 22 This is the only town on the 23 West Coast in top 30 most populated 24 cities in Denmark.

25 26 27 28 29 30

Exclusive Economic Zone

City Copenhagen Aarhus Odense Aalborg Frederiksberg Esbjerg Gentofte Gladsaxe Randers Kolding Horsens Lyngby-Taarbæk Vejle Hvidovre Roskilde Helsingør Herning Silkeborg Næstved Greve Strand Tårnby Fredericia Ballerup Rødovre Viborg Køge Holstebro Brøndby Taastrup Slagelse

Population in 2010 1,181,238 242,914 166,305 102,312 96,718 71,459 71,052 64,102 60,227 57,087 52,998 51,887 50,832 49,724 46,701 46,125 45,890 42,396 41,729 40,762 40,762 39,513 38,760 36,233 35,656 34,937 34,024 33,588 32,260 31,918

Conclusions:

1― the site of the Ministry of Ocean Wisdom

is comprised of (1) the Danish territorial waters, (2) the Danish internal waters and (3) the Danish territory which will be flooded according to Figure 2 in Chapter. The condition of this site will be analyzed in three flood phases.

2― the approximate number of people affected by ocean level rise is 646.215 on the West Coast only.

This shows the scale of the danger that ocean level rise represents and raises important issues for The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

Territorial Waters

Land

N 70 km

Territorial Waters

Internal Waters

Flooded Land

This diagram shows the specific area of activity of The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

“UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA”. Retrieved 27 April 2016.

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2.2.1 Jutland Peninsula Flood Plan Phase 1

2.2.1 Jutland Peninsula Region Plan — Flood Phase 1.

Scale 1 / 1 500 000

11 km

Natural Park Border

N

Exclusive Economic Zone Border

Field widths

Roads Local Road Secondary Road Primary Road Highway

300m 600m 900m

Territory

Settlements

Sea Land to be flooded Land

City Town

Nordsøens National Park

Kattegats Perler National Park

Limfjorden National Park

Aarhus

Hvide Sande site focus

De Strømfyldte Vande National Park

Vedehavet National Park De Druknede Morænelandskaber National Park

(1) The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom prepares the necessary components so that its users will not be forced to relocate when ocean level will rise.

(2) The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom provides a new model of habitation for the local population (coast and not only) ready to remain and pursue a lasting and fruitful life on water. The components of The Ministry will be organized in the form of strips that are built from the border of the Danish Territorial Waters inward towards the mainland. The strips will avoid areas that consist of National Parks.

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

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2.2.1 Jutland Peninsula Flood Plan Phase 2

2.2.2 Jutland Peninsula Region Plan — Flood Phase 2.

Scale 1 / 1 500 000

11 km

Natural Park Border

N

Exclusive Economic Zone Border

Field widths

Roads Local Road Secondary Road Primary Road Highway

300m 600m 900m

Territory

Settlements

Sea Land to be flooded Land

City Town

Nordsøens National Park

Kattegats Perler National Park

Limfjorden National Park

Aarhus

Hvide Sande site focus

De Strømfyldte Vande National Park

Vedehavet National Park De Druknede Morænelandskaber National Park

The strips connect to the mainland once they are built and will start being inhabited as ocean levels will rise along the whole Jutland Peninsula.

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

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2.2.1 Jutland Peninsula Flood Plan Phase 3

2.2.3 Jutland Peninsula Region Plan — Flood Phase 3.

Scale 1 / 1 500 000

11 km

Natural Park Border

N

Exclusive Economic Zone Border

Field widths

Roads Local Road Secondary Road Primary Road Highway

300m 600m 900m

Territory

Settlements

Sea Land to be flooded Land

City Town

Nordsøens National Park

Kattegats Perler National Park

Limfjorden National Park

Aarhus

Hvide Sande site focus

De Strømfyldte Vande National Park

Vedehavet National Park De Druknede Morænelandskaber National Park

The strips extend as ocean level continues to rise. Based on the research shown previously, this is an approximation of ocean level rise by 7 meters in the following 500 years. This scenario has been followed throughout the entire project.

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

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2.2.2 The Flying Ministry Scale 1 / 1 500 000

2.2.4 The Flying Ministry.

Local Road Secondary Road Primary Road Highway

N

Exclusive Economic Zone Border

The specific area of activity of The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom is approximately 23.052 km2. This amounts to 53,49% of the current surface of Denmark and around 3,22 million football fields.

Field widths

Roads

11 km

Natural Park Border

3,22

million

Territory

300m 600m 900m

Settlements

Sea Land to be flooded Land

City Town

53,49% of territory

Nordsøens National Park

Kattegats Perler National Park

Limfjorden National Park

Aarhus

Hvide Sande site focus

De Strømfyldte Vande National Park

Vedehavet National Park De Druknede Morænelandskaber National Park

ph

ph

ph

ph

ph

ph

ph

ph

ph

ph

The strips extend as ocean level continues to rise. Based on the research shown previously, this is an approximation of ocean level rise by 7 meters in the following 500 years. This scenario has been followed throughout the entire project. As it journeys in flight along the coast, The Ministry lands in different locations. The landing of the Ministry means a celebratory event of the village when people get together and stay united as a people who face similar hardships in the face of the floods. Depending on the size of the locations, The Ministry spends from a couple of days up to a week.

The regional role of The Ministry is also to collect samples of water from different parts of the coast; these will further be analyzed by experts of the Ministry. The landing of the Ministry in the village thus means enlightenment by sharing knowledge with compassion and generosity.

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

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2.2.3 Master Plan And The Village Of Hvide Sande This chapter illustrates a zoom in of the conditions of the strips and locates the site plan of The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom which will be discussed in the next chapter.

Furthermore, information on the density and programming of the strips provided.

In the 2.2.5 Master Plan —isThe Village of Hvide Sande.

Thismassive chapter illustrates a zoom inaofpreservation the conditions of the strips and locates the site plan of The Ministry below. of Ocean Wisdom which will be discussed in the next chapter. Furthermore, light of floods, strategy is also discussed information on the density and programming of the strips is provided. In the light of massive floods, a preservation strategy is also discussed below. these are sport fields

3 1 2

this is the village church, The Ministry lands here

3

2 These are houses

1

these structures are still here because the water did not rise so high

These are pools these houses are flooded

This is a diagram of flood phase 3 shown previously.

This image shows a reference regarding the density of the strips depicted on the right.

1- the beginning of the strip is only used for farming purposes; 2- the strips intersect a small village (lower density); 3- the strips intersect a town (higer density).

image reference

Production Pool

Harvesting Pool

- fish farm; - algae harvesting; - kelp farm;

Habitat Pool

- desalination and salt storage; - fresh water production.

Recreation Pool

- fish nursery; - bird sanctuary;

- therapeutic pool; - high saline pool; - diving pool.

site focus

Hotel Ringkøbing Hvide Sande site focus

Brejninggaard

Abeline’s House

Central Region Denmark

N This is an image showing the listed buildings and structures that will be protected against flood threat in Ringkøbing-Skjern Municipality.

Brejninggaard Afterschool

Period: 1544 Listed: Unknown Address: Brejninggårdsvej 12, 6971 Spjald

Hotel Ringkøbing

Period: 1883 Listed: 1919 Address: Torvet 18, 6950 Ringkøbing

Abeline’s House

Period: 1854 Listed: 1974 Address: Sønder Klitvej 87, 6990 Hvide Sande

An important conclusion

is highlighted in this chapter: unless there are any listed structures or buildings in the area where the Ministry operates along its trips, the only buildings that

image reference

image reference

will be protected will be the churches of the respective villages.

image reference

Hotel Ringkøbing

This protection will result in the form of retaining walls built from materials gathered from structures which have been flooded.

Brejninggaard

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

Abeline’s House

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2.2.4 Site Plan, The Two Agoras And The New Religion This chapter refers to the site plan and the place where The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom lands. It also brings building typology references and illustrates the DR focus, while also explaining the setting and the notions that have been followed to arrive at this solution.

The agora was a central public ancient GreekAgoras city-states.

Thethe literal meaning of 2.2.6 Sitespace Planin— The Two and New Religion. the wordrefers is to“gathering place” or The “assembly”. was centre of athletic, artistic, This chapter the site plan and the place where Ministry of Ocean The Wisdomagora lands. It also bringsthe building typology references and illustrates the DR focus, while also explaining the setting and the notions that have been followed to arrive at this solution. The agora was a central public space in ancient Greek city-states. spiritual and city. place” or “assembly”. The agora was the center of athletic, artistic, spiritual and political life of the city.

Thepolitical literal meaninglife of theof wordthe is “gathering

1 2 view of the church

the church

3 4

5

satellite view of the village before the flood This is one of the newer churches with the only votive ship in Denmark. Hvide Sande is a “new” town and the same applies to the church. In 1954 the construction of the church started after many years of hard work collecting money from the citizens of the town. The church is made of yellow bricks in late romanesque style and is probably the

DR focus

6

last one built in Denmark in this style.

The carpet in front of the altar was embroidered in 1981 by 27 women from the town. The church bell is donated by the Danish shipowner A.P. Møller. In 2004 the church had a votive ship built by Christian Bollerup. The votive ship is the named after a copy of a sunken ship built by a surviving sailor and donated to the church in gratitude for being alive.

7

site plan with the Ministry docked in place

early design sketches

1 Church of Hvide Sande 2 Retaining Wall 3 Air-bridge Dock 4 The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom

Scale 1 / 2000 N 10 m

image reference

image reference

retaining wall solution, Alaska

the floating piers, Italy

The retaining wall is made out of interlocking The Floating Piers consisted of a modular dock sheets to be set and driven as a continuous wall, system of 220,000 high-density polyethylene which resists the movement of soil and water. cubes floating on the surface of the water.

5 Workshop Spaces 6 Floating Square 7 Flooded Houses (turned into fresh water wells)

image reference airport airbridge, Shenzen An air-bridge serves functions vertically (lifting) and horizontally (extending/retracting) to serve aircrafts.

town hall program study, Aarhus

meetings weddings city management

offices auxiliary

reception cores

The last study is not a building typology reference, but a programmatic one. In a way, The Ministry of Ocean

Wisdom also represents the New

3

1

4 2 site model - perspective view The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

Ring, Trudy; Salkin, Robert; Boda, Sharon (January 1, 1996). International Dictionary of Historic Places: Southern Europe. Routledge. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-884964-02-2. http://christojeanneclaude.net/projects/the-floating-piers http://sheet-piling.com http://web.cimc.com/res/products_en/airport/Airbridge/201002/t20100201_5093.shtml

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

Town Hall of the village which has been lost after the flood. In this way, The Ministry lands close to the church, an icon of a past religion, to produce a new type of plaza (6) which is the New Agora, the new place of discussion an meeting. This site plan thus refers to a democratic perspective of the two agoras: the past religion (icon = Church) and the new religion of water (icon = Ministry).

75

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2.2.5 Design Development (1) 2.2.7taken Design Development This chapter presents the design development decisions on larger scales of the (1).

This chapter presents the design development decisions taken on larger scales of the project namely the Site Plan. project namely the Site Plan.

1 Church of Hvide Sande 2 Retaining Wall 3 Air-bridge Dock 6 Floating Square 7 Flooded Houses

The project is organized in files according to scale. Several sheets have been presented below, illustrating key decisions for the Site Plan.

break-up retaining wall for visual connection

N

the church

decision #2

water

decision #3

orientation towards Masterplan Strips land

2

early landing area for the Ministry

6

3

visual limit the church site plan development version

2

orientation

decision #1

retaining wall around church

7

6

early concept for site plan arrangement

orientation land

these flooded houses look like a graveyard in a bay

water N

site plan development version

early concept for docking place

development sketches

development sketches

early concept for site plan arrangement

development sketches

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

early concept for site plan arrangement

development sketches

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81

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

plan 1

changing room +10,0m

plan 2

changing room +13,0m

cloud top +16,7m

cloud +20,0m

3,0m

3,7m

3,3m

11

10

9

7

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

7,0m

4,6m

2,0m

1,0m

2,3m

2,5m

ground level ―7,0m

sea level Âą0,0m

floating pontoons +0,4m

pool bottom +5,0m

water surface +7,0m

fish mouth +8,0m

deck +10,3m

horse +12,8m

reactors

11 Floating pontoons

4 Local foundation 5 Fresh water well

rock and clay

system

1,5 m

6 Pool of the Ministry 7 Steam storage 8 Hydrogen cloud 9 Changing room 10 Boiling water

scale 1 / 150

1 Bedrock 2 Aquifer 3 Confining layer of

section A

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2.2.6 The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom General Arrangements 2.2.8section The Ministry ofbuilding OceanofWisdom.

General Arrangements.

This image illustrates the long through the the Ministry.

This image illustrates the long section through the building of the Ministry.

83

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

16

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

plan 1

plan 2

15

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

pool bottom +5,0m

deck +10,3m

ground level ―7,0m

sea level Âą0,0m

floating pontoons +0,4m

dock +1,1m

bridge walkway +7,2m

bridge walkway +10,5m

5 Flooded houses 6 Pool of the Ministry 7 Steam storage 8 Hydrogen cloud 9 Changing room

rock and clay 4 Local foundation

16 Restrooms

corridor

14 Floating pontoons 15 Emergency escape

access 13 Dock

12 Mobile staircase

buffer

1,5 m

10 Entrance 11 Adjustable sleeve

scale 1 / 150

1 Bedrock 2 Aquifer 3 Confining layer of

section B

81

2.2.6 The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom General Arrangements 2.2.8section The Ministry ofbuilding OceanofWisdom.

General Arrangements.

This image illustrates the long through the the Ministry.

This image illustrates the short section through the building of the Ministry linked to the docking bridge.

85

2.2.6 The Ministry Of Ocea Wisdom General Arrangements This image illustrates the long section through the building of the Ministry.

2.2.8 The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom. General Arrangements.

ground level ―7,0m bridge walkway +10,5m

5

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

20º

20º

1

2

3

4

1

1

changing room +11,3m

deck +10,3m

60º

bridge walkway +10,5m

5

10º

floating pontoons +0,4m

sea level ±0,0m

plan 2

1 Changing rooms 2 Steam storage 3 Steam storage 4 Deck (walkway) 5 Dock-bridge (walkway)

scale 1 / 200

N

2m

83

This plan illustrates the upper floor of the building of the Ministry.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

87

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

1,5m

6,0m

12

5,5m

3,0m

5

3,0m

3

3,0m

13

pool bottom +5,0m

5

access plan +7,0m

4

3,0m

1,5m

10

2

1,5m

1

1,5m 1,0m

1,5m 1,0m

9 2,2m

2,2m

1,0m

1,5m

2,5m

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

2,0m

1,0m 1,5m

3,5m

3,0m

3,0m

15 3,0m

3,0m

4,4m

14

3,0m

13

3

bridge walkway +7,2m

3,3m

3,0m

5

floating pontoons +0,4m

2,0m

1,0m

12

6

15

3,0m

1,0m

6

7

3,0m

4,4m

1,0m

11

8

3,0m

3,3m

1,0m

10

7

3,0m

5,5m

2,2m

9

8

1,5m

6,0m

floating pontoons +0,4m

2,2m

2,2m

2,2m

1,0m

1,5m

2,5m

1,0m 1,5m

3,5m

bridge walkway +7,2m

sea level Âą0,0m

scale 1 / 200

ground level ―7,0m

N 1 Mobile staircase access 2 Adjustable sleeve buffer 3 Entrance 4 Reception / access control 5 Swimming equipment storage 6 Propulsion system control 7 Water samples storage 8 Temperature controlled storage 9 Boiling water reactors 10 Refrigeration system 11 Kitchen storage 12 Kitchen 13 Emergency escape corridor 14 Restrooms 15 Propulsion system

plan 1

2m

85

2.2.6 The Ministry Of Ocea Wisdom General Arrangements This image illustrates the long section through the building of the Ministry.

2.2.8 The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom. General Arrangements.

This plan illustrates the access plan of the building of the Ministry.

89

2.2.7 Design Development (2) This chapter presents the design development decisions taken on smaller scales Development of the project namely 2.2.9 Design (2).the building of the Ministry. major decisions of this havethebeen main components This chapter presents the designThe development decisions taken on smaller scalesbuilding of the project namely buildingreferring of the Ministry. to The the major decisions of this building have been referring to the main components ― namely the pool and the clouds, which on one hand illustrate the conceptual legacy of the project about working with water and namely the pool and the clouds, which onbridge oneevolves hand illustrate legacy of the project about incorporating this material into the project.

On the other hand, the into the airship dock the facility conceptual and this illustrates the trials of receiving a flying building on ground (water). The water boilers and the horses have shared a parallel path until very close to freezing the design when they have merged due to structural reasons. Rain water collection working with water and incorporating this material into the project.

On the other hand, the bridge evolves has been an element which discontinued to be followed because of the large amount of surrounding sea water. Metaphors such as “Water Cathedral“ or “Ice Berg“ have been also used to describe certain spatial conditions before arriving to “The Pool” and the “Skating Rink” ― condition which has been favored for its dynamic characteristics. At the very into thetheairship dock illustrates thewith trials ofa radical receiving a aflying building on ground (water). beginning, profile of The Ministryfacility was a ratherand privatethis research-based facility filled experts; shift towards totally public program (public pool and recreation areas)The has dramatically changed the course of the design, producing a more interactive, engaging and fun built environment in the shape of a more iconic piece of tectonic. water boilers and the horses have shared a parallel path until very close to freezing the design when they have merged due to structural reasons. Rain water collection has been an element which discontinued to be followed because of the large amount of surrounding sea water. Metaphors such as “Water Cathedral“ or “Ice Berg“ have been also used to describe certain spatial conditions before arriving to “The Pool” and the “Skating Rink” condition which has been favoured for its dynamic characteristics. At the very beginning, the profile of The Ministry was a rather private research-based facility filled with experts; a radical shift towards a totally public program (public pool and recreation areas) has dramatically changed the course of the design, producing a more interactive, engaging and fun built environment in the shape of a more iconic piece of tectonic.

The project is organized in files according to scale. Several sheets have been presented below, illustrating key decisions for the building of the Ministry.

this could work... but it doesn’t look like a Ministry!

decision on main space (pool) and enclosing spaces

early section - decision on horses

early plan - basement access

paralell studies

this looks like an ice berg!

45º

early plan - wall divides space

fresh water wells study

early plan - decision on boilers

early plan - decision on orientation

sketch - docking system

3d - landing sequence

3d study - pool and clouds

site plan - the floating pontoons

this is overstructured!

3d - structural studies of the pool

3d - bridge dock

studies - pool clouds and rib structure

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

3d - bridge dock and Ministry

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2.2.8 The Emergency Escape Strategy This chapter looks at escape routes and exits in case of emergency.

2.2.8 The Emergency Escape Strategy.

This chapter looks at escape routes and exits in case of emergency.

The emergency escape strategy is follows two basic principles used in aircraft systems: (A) the personal flotation devices (life vests) and (B) the inflatable slides. Additionally, a classic way of exiting in case of emergency is also addressed through (C) the bridge-dock that provides exits on two levels (deck-level and pool-level). there are 56 life vests under this area of the deck

image reference

this is a 15 m long inflatable slide

aircraft diagram displaying typical exit procedures there are 28 life vests under this area of the deck

route 2

routes 5 & 6

route 1

routes 3 & 4

jumping point

there are 128 life vests under this area of the deck

this is a 15 m long inflatable slide

plan displaying emergency escape routes

route 1 route 3

deck evacuation routes via inflatable slides

route 4

pool evacuation routes via bridge on lower level

pool evacuation routes via bridge on upper level

route 5

route 6

route 2

axonometric projection showing the six escape routes available on th site

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

89

http://thumbs.media.smithsonianmag.com/filer/af/53/af5337f4-0bba-4935-93f8-b68c34ddbcf3/no_luggage.jpg__800x600_q85_crop_subject_location-246,182.jpg

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

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2.2.9 The Personal Flotation System Detail This chapter looks at escape routes and exits in case of emergency. It illustrates a series of illustrations that showcase the detail of the design and product features. Considering standard vest specifications, we can enumerate: 1- life preserver cover, 2- inflatable cell, 4- oral tube, 6- CO2 cylinder, 7- inflator mechanism, 9- main buckle, 10- light lamp, 11whistle,13- light battery. The diagram below also displays the usage sequence.

2.2.9 The Personal Flotation System Detail.

This chapter looks at escape routes and exits in case of emergency. It illustrates a series of illustrations that showcase the detail of the design and product features. Considering standard vest specifications, we can enumerate: 1- life preserver cover, 2- inflatable cell, 4- oral tube, 6- CO2 cylinder, 7- inflator mechanism, 9- main buckle, 10- ligh lamp, 11whistle,13- light battery. The diagram below also displays the usage sequence.

image reference

The harness use continuous lengths of webbing which run through the Personal Flotation System and attach directly to the waist belt, front and back. You can be lifted by the shoulder strap, and even if a buckle fails, you are still securely fastened in.

Flotation is what a Personal Floatation System is for, but more foam means more bulk.

This foam is cut and bonded into a shape which wraps around the body, allowing to achieve lots of flotation, without getting in the way or becoming unconfortable.

This harness is tested at 2,5 kN, located on the mid back for the best swimming position and configured to make it impossible to attach a line in the wrong place. The harness can be fitted for right or left hand.

1 Place life jacket over head.

2 Bring strap around body and fasten the closure.

3 Adjust to a snug fit by

pulling the free ends of the straps.

4 Pull red tabs to further inflate.

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom. http://palmequipmenteurope.com The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation https://www.eamworldwide.com/eam-media/Brochures/EAM_Titan_XF_Product%20sheet.pdf

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95

3.1.1 Key Structural Principles To Address This page gives a structural overview of the components to be considered in this chapter.

This overview is done by breaking down each component in the image below.

Further 3.1 Key Structural Principles and Issues to Address.

This page gives a structural overview of the components to be considered in this chapter. This overview is done by breaking down each component in the image below. Further explanation for each individual structure is provided along with structural references that that respective component. explanation for each individual structure is provided along with structural references that have informed have informed that respective component.

1 — The Hydrogen Clouds.

The hydrogen clouds contain hydrogen inflated elements that generate lift force for the entire building.

military hydrogen baloon, USA

1 this structure is on top

2

2 — The Changing Rooms.

The changing rooms are steam inflated structures that also contribute to the lift force. These structures are inhabitable.

this structure is on top

human hamster ball

3 — The Steam Storage.

The steam storage units are steam inflated structures that operate as storage and buffer zones for the steam cycle in the entire building.

3 this structure is on top

4

5

these structures attach at the front and the back

pneumatic rubber fender, Yokohama

4 — The Horses.

The horses are the energy and steam generating elements of the Ministry. They contain boiler water reactors and electrolysis pressure vessels.

marine steam engine

6

5 — The Pool.

this structure is below

The pool is the main structure of the building and a key point where all other structures tie in.

formula 1 monocoque

6 — The Rib Structure.

exploded structural axonometric projection

scale 1 / 400

4m

The rib structure facilitates connection between the pool structure and the area below (landing structure).

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom. https://www.fotolibra.com/buyer/purchase/price.php?image_id=1019316 http://www.ebay.com/itm/Skeleton-Life-Size-Spine-w-Rib-Cage-Harvey-Halloween-Haunt-NEW-/200750438697 https://ro.pinterest.com/pin/490259109415369210/

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

95

human rib cage

97

scene

3.2.1 The Flight Sequences: Preparation This chapter demonstrates how the Ministry flies in the village and how and where it docks. There are two preparation phases and two landing phases depicted in this chapter.

The two preparation phases below display team A and team B in boats that set out to prepare the dock-bridge to receive the Ministry. The air bridge is a type of tunnel-like connection frequently used in airport terminals to facilitate transport of people from the gate into the air plane directly. It connects to the main part of the bridge through (A) a 3.2 (B) TheanFlight Sequences.

Preparation pivoting point and at the other end through adjustable sleeve buffer preceded Phases.

This chapter demonstrates how the Ministry flies in the village and how and where it docks. There are two preparation phases and two landing phases depicted in this chapter. The preparation phases below display (A, team AB) and ensure team B in boats that set out to prepare the dock-bridge to receive the Ministry. The air bridge by a pivot element astwowell.

These points degrees of freedom and buffer is a type of tunnel-like connection frequently used in airport terminals to facilitate transport of people from the gate into the airplane directly. It connects to the main part of the bridge through (A) a pivoting point and at the other end through (B) an adjustable sleeve buffer preceded by a pivot element as well. These points distances during the landing procedures.

(A, B) ensure degrees of freedom and buffer distances during the landing procedures.

preparation phase 1

POW!

air bridge released

seg

me

nt A

seg

me

Team A: All right! The Ministry is going to arrive in ETA 25 min! Let’s do this! Doing a check on the air bridge to clear people out!

nt

Team B: Roger that! air bridge segments A and B have been cleared on this side.

Standing by! Out!

B

We’ll be arriving shortly in Hvide Sande!

scene

These concrete beams are from an old bridge nearby. We use them now as a track for the airbridge.

preparation phase 2

Segment A complete travel over segment B. Standing by for the Ministry!

seg

me

nt A

+B

These bracing cables at the end of the track also prevent the air birdge wheels to fall over in water.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

99

3.2.2 Flight Sequences: Landing This chapter illustrates the landing process that occurs after the preparation process of the dock. The Ministry flies in right above the dock (3) and through its propulsion and buoyancy control systems it orients itself. Wind is also a condition to be addressed in this case but in Chapter 4 - Building Performance. The following landing phase shows the Ministry nearing the dock (4).

3.3 The Flight Sequences. Landing Phases.

scene

This chapter illustrates the landing process that occurs after the preparation process of the dock. The Ministry flies in right above the dock (3) and through its propulsion and buoyancy control systems it orients itself. Wind is also a condition to be addressed in this case but in Chapter 4 - Building Performance. The following landing phase shows the Ministry nearing the dock (4).

landing phase 1

landing axis

ship axis seg

me

nt

Team B: Almost there! Height around 11 meters. Buoyancy control seems to align the ship...

B

Please refer to chapter 4.12 for wind conditions

scene

These containers act like anchors. During the landing process, different amounts of water are pumped in here to control buoyancy.

landing phase 2 landing axis

ship axis

seg

me

nt A

+B

Team B: Roger that! Airbridge segments A and B have been cleared on this side.

Standing by! Out!

Adjusting pivot points A and B and sleeve buffer at the end of point B. Team A: Steady! Steady! About 5 meters to go! Looks good!

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

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3.2.3 Flight Sequences: Celebration and Seasonal Programming The last flight sequence presents the celebratory moment when the Ministry is docked and public can access it. There main program of the Ministry is also chanigng according to the season it lands in.

3.4 The Flight Sequences. Celebration and Seasonal Programs. scene

The last flight sequence presents the celebratory moment when the Ministry is docked and public can access it.

There main program of the Ministry is also chanigng according to the season it lands in.

C

Team B: landing sucessfully completed! Welcome to Hvide Sande!

B

A

Look! The Ministry is here!

A

B

C

controlled access

summary of the flight sequences

1

2

3

preparation

4

5

landing

celebration

if winter - program = hot pool

The two conditions displayed on the right demonstrate the program transition according to seasonal changes.

Thus, the pool of The Ministry is filled up with water to become a hot pool in winter and a skating rink in summer.

30째C

+7,7째C

average Danish winter

this program takes place in winter

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

if summer - program = skating rink

3째C

+15,7째C

average Danish summer

this program takes place in summer

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3.3.1 The Pool: Characteristics And Particular Components This chapter illustrates general dimensions for the rounded components of the pool.

3.5 The Pool.for Characteristics Particular These components are typologically categorized efficient productionand processes.

Components.

This chapter illustrates general dimensiones for the rounded components of the pool. These components are typologically categorized for efficient production processes.

1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0

1,0 1,0

2,0

2,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,5 1,0

1,0

1,0

1,5 1,0

1,0

2,0

2,0

1,0

top view

1,0 1,0 1,0 exterior outline

exterior outline

measuring: exterior radiuses

1,0

1,5

measuring: interior radiuses

2,0

radius units used above in meters

A

interior outline

measuring: interior radiuses

pool area

deck area

repetable sectional typologies

A

case A

case B

case C

particular components

C

B upper view

case A

B

case B

case C

C

B A

B

bottom view

A component identification in axonometric projection

image reference A mold structure with its own supporting structure.

particular components

image reference Making a mold out of epoxy resin.

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom. http://www.amateurboatbuilding.com/articles/howto/foam_sandwich/inside_structure.html http://www.easycomposites.co.uk/?_escaped_fragment_=/starter-kits/epoxy-mould-making-starter-kit.html

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

image reference Carbon fiber laid in mold.

image reference Finished carbon fiber piece detached from mold.

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105

3.3.2 The Pool: Volume Massing And Sectional Typologies This chapter determines the sectional typologies of the pool volumes This strategy follows the most efficient way of producing the carbon molds demonstrated in the previous chapter. The diagrams below illustrate how to breakVolume down the Massing volume which hasSectional informed 3.6 The Pool. and Typologies. theThisupcoming structural models. chapter determines the sectional typologies of the pool volumes This strategy follows the most efficient way of producing the carbon molds demonstrated in the previous chapter.

The diagrams below illustrate how to break down the volume which has informed the upcoming structural models.

E1 A A A A B B C C E2 E1

These sectional typologies are concluded from the previous chapter where repeatable and odd pieces have been identified. These sectional typologies generate the most efficient method of prefabricating and delivering the molds on site. The component list displayed below will ground the structural understanding of this volume.

sectional typologies breakdown in axonometric projection

2 x E2

2xB

0,5

0,5

0,5

1,0

0,5

0,5

1,0

0,5

1,5 4xA

1,5 1,5

3xC

0,5 component list

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

1,5

1,0

1,5

sample piece A

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3.3.3 The Pool: Primary Structural Framework This chapter illustrates the main structural framework components of the pool. Further structural dimensions are provided along with material indication and joint detailing. The primary and secondary structural framework are necessary in order to support to work together with the carbon 3.7 The Pool. Primary Structural Framework. shell This of pool.

Because of its dimensions, the shell alone cannot withstand loads by itself. chapter illustrates the main structural framework components of the pool. Further structural dimensions are provided along with material indication and joint detailing. The primary and secondary structural framework are necessary in order to support to work together with the carbon shell of pool. Because of its dimensions, the shell alone cannot withstand loads by itself.

transversal direction

A

600mm I profile

2

A

A A

1

A

C C

A

B

B

reference in chapter 3.19

4,00m

6,60m

axonometric projection

scale 1 / 500

D transfer provided by secondary structure

D

D

D

4,00m

1

plan 22,50m

600mm I profile longitudinal direction

elevation longitudinal

transversal

exploded axonometric projection

A

scale 1 / 400

600mm I profile

4m

200mm I profile

600mm I profile

connection piece profile

600mm

image reference

600mm I profile

600mm These reinforcement carbon fiber I-beams are extremely strong in bending and shear loading. The combination of unidirectional and 0°/90° plain weave on the top and bottom flanges give the I-beam its high bending strength.

Utilizing a ±45° orientation in the webbing allows the carbon fiber I-beam to have exceptional shear strength, as well as properly transmitting loads between the top and bottom flanges. Carbon fiber I-beams can offer similar properties in bending and shear as sandwich panels with the same thickness, but without the added weight from unnecessary core material.

detail 2

D D

detail 1

scale 1 / 25

detail 2

scale 1 / 25

detail 1

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3.3.4 The Pool: Secondary Structural Framework This chapter illustrates the secondary structural framework of the pool which has been decided upon by study models presented below. Further structural dimensions are provided along with references that have informed this design.

3.8 The Pool. Secondary Structural Framework.

This chapter illustrates the secondary structural framework of the pool which has been decided upon by study models presented below. Further structural dimensions are provided along with references that have informed this design.

HSS frame 170x80x7mm

6,60m

25,00m

HSS diagonal bracing Φ30x2mm

axonometric projection

scale 1 / 500

HSS post 140x60x3mm

HSS frame 170x80x7mm

plan

6,60m

25,00m

elevation secondary structure

primary structure

exploded axonometric projection

scale 1 / 400

4m

this direction needed!

study model

study model

image reference

This study model above shows the structure highlighted in the previous chapter (main framework). This study has been concluded in the necessity of using a secondary structure that enforces the primary one.

The image references on the left refer to structural typologies that have informed the current pool structure - boat and airship structures. Geodesic designs were used in aviation as early as 1909, in the Schütte-Lanz SL1 airship. It had a wooden structure with fabric covering, and Professor Johann Schütte, the scientific head of this design, used the most efficient method conceivable.

image reference

PROs Geodesic frames are good in transferring both bending and shear loads. This is helpful when the

aerodynamic covering is not stiff enough to contribute any shear stiffness, as in the case of fabric covering.

However, when the skin is made from the same material as the frame, it can carry shear loads and a geodesic frame would not improve matters. It is better to carry longitudinal loads in longerons and shear in the skin.

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

image reference

CONs Planning the shape of all structural members was an enormous amount of work, and stretching an existing ship by inserting a new section was almost impossible. For those reasons, the late

Schütte-Lanz airships used aluminum frames with conventional design, just like Zeppelin did from the beginning. Diagonal wire bracing was used to take up shear loads.

109

https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/31/f0/4c/31f04c33aad8019893494cad91715efc.jpg

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

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3.3.5 The Pool: Alternative Structural Details 1:2 This chapter brings additional information on structural components. A comparison between two structural details is made below.

3.9 The Pool. Alternative Structural Details 1:2.

This chapter brings additional information on structural components. A comparison between two structural details is made below.

1 Carbon fiber composite I-beam 200 mm 2 Rigid foam insulation 200 mm

option

option

This comparative study shows two options of the structural profile on the long direction.

While option (A) offers the possibility of extra insulation filling, option (B) offers a more robust structural element. Option (B) has been chosen for a more coherent structural model and a simpler link with secondary structures. This option will be studied in the next chapter in more detail.

OUTSIDE

1 Carbon fiber composite I-beam 600 mm

OUTSIDE

1

1

1 2

1

OUTSIDE

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1

OUTSIDE

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3.3.6 The Pool: Carbon Panel Connection And Waterproofing Details 1:2 Issue: how to connect and waterproof carbon fibre panels in case of the pool and the skating rink.

Solution for waterproofing: the waterproofing material used in both cases is a transparent adhesive film that will allow the specific carbon fibre panels finish to be exposed. Solution for skating rink: a 3.10 The Pool. Carbon Panels Connection and Waterproofing Details 1:2. typical skating rink model is proposed for the construction of ice on top of the carbon fibre panels.

Issue: how to connect and waterproof carbon fiber panels in case of the pool and the skating rink.

Solution for waterproofing: the waterproofing material used in both cases is a transparent adhesive film that will allow the specific carbon fiber panels finish to be exposed.

These elements are prefabricated and mounted on site.

Solution for skating rink: a typical skating rink model is proposed for the construction of ice on top of the carbon fiber panels. These elements are prefabricated and mounted on site.

1 Carbon fiber coating

1 Ice layer 20 mm 2 Refrigerated slab 50 mm 3 Polycarbonate slip sheet, lapped 4 Rod insulation 30 mm 5 Corrugated fiberboard slip sheet

3 Carbon fiber composite

structural reinforcement 2 Carbon fiber composite L-profile 60 x 60 mm

I-beam 600 mm 4 Carbon fiber composite I-beam 600 mm

OUTSIDE (POOL)

6 Protection board 20 mm 7 Water proofing epoxy adhesive film 8 Carbon fiber surface coating 9 Honeycomb carbon fiber panels 20 mm

OUTSIDE (SKATING RINK)

1

2

3

4 5

6

7 8

20mm

20mm

600mm

600mm

20mm

20mm

9

1

2

3

4

OUTSIDE

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

OUTSIDE

115 113

3.3.7 The Pool: Fish To Pool Connection Detail 1:5 Issue: how to connect and waterproof an irregular fibreglass shell (the fish) to the pool.

Solution: attach a local rubber sleeve around fibreglass shell and include foam Connection filling for 3.11 The Pool.

Fish to Pool Detail 1:5. the remaining void.

Issue: how to connect and waterproof an irregular fiberglass shell (the fish) to the pool.

Solution: attach a local rubber sleeve around fiberglass shell and include foam filling for the remaining void.

1 Water proofing epoxy adhesive film 2 Carbon fiber surface coating 3 Honeycomb carbon fiber panels 20 mm 4 Carbon fiber composite I-beam 600 mm 5 Carbon fiber composite C-profile 60 x 140 mm

6 Carbon fiber composite L-profile 25 x 25 mm 7 Fiberglass shell element (fish) 8 Rubber sleeve 9 Foam filling 10 Wooden element 15 mm

OUTSIDE (POOL)

OUTSIDE (FISH)

1 20mm

2

3 4

5

6

7

8

9

10 600mm

20mm

OUTSIDE

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3.3.8 The Pool: Carbon Fibre Coating And Layering Sequence Issue: how to work with carbon fibre coating.

Study: volume division to obtain optimum coating coverage and additional structural strength. Solution: the coating will be done in 3 layers: on panels (1), on panel joints (2) 3.12 and one overall coating (3).The Pool. Carbon Fiber Coating and Layering

Sequence.

Issue: how to work with carbon fiber coating.

Study: volume division to obtain optimum coating coverage and additional structural strength.

Solution: the coating will be done in 3 layers: on panels (1), on panel joints (2) and one overall coating (3).

image reference

image reference

The two images above are reference images of the material used in this process.

Panel Coating

Top and bottom view of first layer of coat.

Joint Coating

Top and bottom view of second layer of coat.

Overall Coating

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom. http://www.aliexpress.com/item/Carbon-Fiber-Sheet-3K-Glossy-Matte-400-x-500-x-2-5-mm-Thick/32405565535.html http://pt.made-in-china.com/co_bohao888/product_3k-Carbon-Fiber-Cloth-Plain-and-Twill-Weave_hoiieysrg.html

Top and bottom view of third layer of coat.

119 117

3.3.9 The Pool: Exterior Colour And Visual Appearance This chapter shows a study on colour and texture of the pool. This has been done following the 3.13 Pool. Exterior Colour Visual Appearance. idea of generating an image of a bath tub, The thus options such as light grey andand different shades of This chapter shows a study on colour and texture of the pool. This has been done following the idea of generating an image of a bath tub, thus such as light grey and shades of white have been considered below.carried Studies on shine white have been consideredoptions below.

Studies ondifferent shine and glossiness are also out.and glossiness are also carried out.

A — Carbon Fiber Options

CA-418 SILVER

CA-419 WHITE

CA-420 GRAPHITE

CA-421 BLACK

chosen options

CA-422 LIGHT PEWTER

CA-423 DARK PEWTER

CA-424 BROWN

other options

B — Material Reflectivity

Reflectivity 20%.

Reflectivity 40%.

Reflectivity 60%.

Reflectivity 80%.

Gloss finish 20%.

Gloss finish 40%.

Gloss finish 60%.

C — Material Glossiness

Matte.

image reference Amsterdam’s bathtub gallery The Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam

image reference Outdoor pool with white stone tiling.

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom. http://uk.phaidon.com/agenda/architecture/articles/2012/september/19/amsterdams-bathtub-gallery-opens-this-weekend/

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

image reference Outdoor fiberglass pool.

image reference Private cast iron bathtub with porcelain interior.

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3.4.1 The Rib Structure: Connection Details 1:5

This chapter investigates landing points (B) and connection of the rib structure (A) to the primary structure of the pool. The landing points (B) project on walls of former houses which are structurally stable but have different heights. It has been considered that any roof had been previously removed to accommodate new program. Issue: how to connect to local structures which have different plan This chapter investigates landing points (B) and connection of the rib structure (A) to the primary structure of the pool. The landing points (B) project on walls of former houses setting and elevation. Study: determine various landing points referring to local conditions. Solution: adopt an adjustable spring system which are structurally stable but have different heights. It has been considered that any roof had been previously removed to accommodate new program. Issue: how to to accommodate differing heights.

In case (A), the and detail shows thatdetermine the honeycomb carbon fibre panels doconditions. not touch the structural line connect to local structures which have different plan setting elevation.

Study: various landing points referring to local Solution: adopt an adjustable system to accommodate differing heights.

In case (A), the is detail shows that thean honeycomb fiber panels do not touch theto structural line of the rib system (element ofspring the rib system (element 2).

Instead, this transition done through elastic carbon joint, thus avoiding damage the exterior carbon shell.

3.14 The Rib Structure. Connection Details 1:5.

2). Instead, this transition is done through an elastic joint, thus avoiding damage to the exterior carbon shell.

1 Stainless steel L-profile 70 x 70 mm 2 Carbon fiber composite I-beam 600 mm 3 Stainless steel corner profile int. radius 220 mm 4 Honeycomb carbon fiber panels 20 mm 5 Carbon fiber coating structural reinforcement

6 Elastic joint 7 M8 zinc-plated screw 60 mm 8 Adjustable spring system 9 Stainless steel C-profile 20 x 40 mm 10 Precast concrete plank

11 Mortar bed 10 mm 12 Reinforced concrete lintel beam 100 mm 13 Steel beam propping system 14 Multi-wythe masonry wall (varies locally)

8

INSIDE

1

2 7 3

6

5

4

B

A 5 2

600mm

axonometric projection

scale 1 / 500 220mm

OUTSIDE

PS

LP

8

PS detail A scale 1 / 5 elevation

LP 8

PS

plan primary structure

PS

rib connection to primary structure

rib structure

LP

rib connection to landing points force focal point

LP 10

9 11

12

70mm

100mm OUTSIDE

13

force distribution image reference Wheel chocks ensure that train wagons remain in fixed position while parked.

image reference

water force

The Daisy Air Rifle Factory in Plymouth has been reduced to a brick wall propped up by steel beams.

380mm propping system counter force detail B scale 1 / 5

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom. https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photo-freight-train-wheel-chock-platform-old-parked-image58113431 https://patch.com/michigan/plymouth-mi/historic-wall-or-eyesore

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

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3.5.1 The Hydrogen Clouds Assembly

The hydrogen clouds contain capsules which lift the Ministry in the air. These ETFE capsules are filled with hydrogen produced by the Ministry on site. For protection, the capsules are housed in extruded fibreglass shells which come together in form of clouds. The lower part of the hydrogen cloud represents a mechanism with water containers in Theof hydrogen clouds contain capsules which lift the Ministry in the air. These ETFE capsules arefor filled with hydrogen by the Ministry form raindrops.

When the Ministry is docked, the raindrops collect fresh water drinking; whenproduced the Ministry is in on site. For protection, the capsules are housed extruded fiberglass which comecloud together in form of clouds. The lower part of the hydrogen cloud represents a mechanism with water containers in form of raindrops. flight, theyinare stored under shells the fibreglass shell.

3.15 The Hydrogen Clouds Assembly.

When the Ministry is docked, the raindrops collect fresh water for drinking; when the Ministry is in flight, they are stored under the fiberglass cloud shell.

1 Steel elastic rod Φ20 mm 2 Steel cable Φ40 mm 3 Rubber stopper 4 Rubber sealing profile 60 x 15 mm

The mechanism displayed below is runs a system of pulleys that execute vertical and horizontal movement with the raindrops. The raindrops collect fresh water through the fish which are holes in the pool. Water is delivered to the kitchen area for producing tea and other beverages.

5 Transparent acrylic resin shell 15 mm 6 Rubber insulation film 7 Water maximum quantity 20 L 8 Perimeter support frame extruded C-profile 40 mm top connection detail

ETFE inflated capsules 3,05 m3

6,48 m3

steel cable Φ40mm

4,92 m3

2,90 m3 mechanism detail HSS support frame 100x50x3mm L=14987mm

2,0m

fiberglass shells

pendant sprinkler raindrop detail

0,9m 1,5m

raindrop

1 kitchen

2

vertical movement

3 raindrops

tea drinking

fish

4 400mm I profile 180mm U profile Φ80x6mm HSS

vertical movement

fresh water storage

5 exploded axonometric projection

scale 1 / 15

1,5 m 0,80m

6

7

8 0,30m

structure location

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

structure overview

raindrop detail

123

125

3.5.2 The Hydrogen Clouds: Top Connection Details 1:5 This chapter illustrates the connection system of the hydrogen clouds to the rib structure. The hydrogen capsules will eventually inflate or deflate as the Ministry is flying or not. As hydrogen is lighter than air, this top connection detail ensures 3.16 The Hydrogen Clouds. Top Connection Details 1:5. that the capsules will be able to move up or down as more or less hydrogen is This chapter illustrates the connection system of the hydrogen clouds to the rib structure. The hydrogen capsules will eventually inflate or deflate as the Ministry is flying or not. As hydrogen is lighter than air, this top connection detail ensures that the pumped into the capsules. capsules will be able to move up or down as more or less hydrogen is pumped into the capsules.

1 Carbon fiber composite I-beam 400 mm 2 Carbon fiber composite L-profile 50 x 50 mm 3 Steel cable ÎŚ10 mm tied with metal collars

4 Steel plate 300 x 300 x 10 mm 5 Cable tensor 6 Cable clamps

flying

not flying

B A

7 Steel cable ÎŚ40 mm 8 M8 zinc-plated scew 40 mm 9 M2 stainless steel scew bolt with hex nut washers

1 1

400mm

400mm

2

2

3 3

8

9

5 4

5

6 7

axonometric projection

scale 1 / 25

exploded axonometric projection

scale 1 / 10 The images below demonstrate the principle applied in the detail illustrated in this chapter.

2 4

image reference

6

6

6

3 image reference

5 5 plan

scale 1 / 20

6

7

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3.6.1 The Changing Rooms Assembly There is a total of 9 changing rooms in the Ministry divided into three units like the one displayed in this chapter. The changing rooms consist of hollow 3.17 The Changing structural sections (HSS) that rest on the rib structure previously mentioned.

The Rooms Assembly.

There is a total of 9 changing rooms in the Ministry divided into three units like the one displayed in this chapter. The changing steel structure anchors various shapes of ETFE cells that compose a common rooms consist of hollow structural sections (HSS) that rest on the rib structure previously mentioned. The steel structure anchors various shapes of ETFE cells that compose a common waiting area (1) and three private changing rooms (2). waiting area (1) and three private changing rooms (2).

ETFE inflated ceiling 9 m3

ceiling structure HSS Φ100x4mm

ETFE inflated capsules 12 m3 x 3 = 36 m3 spaceframe HSS Φ40x2mm

ETFE inflated walls 1,2m

1 m3 x 7 = 7 m 3

0,75m 1,2m

1

spaceframe

6,0m

HSS Φ40x2mm

3,50m

2

2,50m

2 2

2,80m

0,75m

ETFE inflated floor 9 m3

support beam

floor structure HSS Φ100x4mm

180mm U profile Φ80x6mm HSS

exploded axonometric projection

scale 1 / 70

structure location

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

0,75 m

structure overview

129

3.6.2 The Steam Storage Clouds Assembly The steam storage clouds consist of hollow structural sections (HSS) and solid bars that The to Steam Storageinside.

Clouds Assembly. anchor various shapes of ETFE. These shapes differ3.18 according steam pressure The steam storage clouds consist of hollow structural sections (HSS) and solid bars that anchor various shapes of ETFE. Steam is stored in these elements in These order to heat up the changing rooms displayed in the shapes differ acording to steam pressure inside. Steam is stored in these elements in order to heat up the changing rooms displayed in the previous chapter but also for other heat exchange systems in the project. previous chapter but also for other heat exchange systems in the project. primary bar Φ10mm bar Φ20mm

secondary HSS Φ100x4mm

HSS Φ100x4mm

2,00m inner structure and interior bracing

7,00m vertical link structure 4,00m outer structure

inflated ETFE volume

50,80 m3 bar Φ10mm

bar Φ20mm

HSS 100x100x4mm

1,50m additional bracing

horizontal link structure 16,00m 4,00m

outer structure

inflated ETFE volume exploded axonometric projection

scale 1 / 150

18,76 m3

1,50 m

structured

inflatebles

design development mass

structure location

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

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3.6.3 The Horses Assembly The horses represent the energy and steam producing elements of the Ministry, the icon of horsepower production. They contain boiler water reactors and electrolysis pressure vessels held in place by hollow structural sections (HSS). The sizes of these structural The Horses Assembly. elements have been determined by the sizes of the pressure vessels and3.19 the weight they The horses represent the energy and steam producing elements of the Ministry, the icon of horsepower production. They contain boiler water reactors and electrolysis have to holdpressure during theheldenvironmental processes that undergo. processes will vessels in place by hollow structural sections (HSS).

The they sizes of these structural These elements have been determined by the sizes of the pressure vessels weight they have to hold during the environmental processes that they undergo. These processes will be underlined in Chapter 4 - Building Performance. be underlined and in the Chapter 4 - Building Performance.

2,00m HSS horizontal bracing Φ40x3mm L=2000mm HSS horse frame 200x70x5mm

HSS support profile 100x50x3mm L=3733mm

stainless steel steam exhaust pipes Φ60x3mm

2,00m

5,50m chromium stainless steel gas exhaust pipes Φ220x6mm

5,90m turbines 5,70m

1,00m

8,43 m3

3,20m

chemical batteries

boiler reactor

1,50m

2,00m

1,30m

HSS support profile 100x50x3mm L=5014mm

1,00m

HSS diagonal bracing Φ40x3mm

1,60m 1,70m

exploded axonometric projection

scale 1 / 100

structure location

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

2,00m

3,23 m3 condenser

1,00 m

structure overview

133

4.1 Environmental Concepts And Strategies To Address This chapter addressees the environmental challenges and conditions that The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom faces. This sheet gives an overview of the main features that will be 4.1Chapter Environmental Development Concepts and Strategies studied throughout 4. These studies include production and exchange systems of to Address.

This chapter addressees the environmental challengessuch and conditions that The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom faces. This sheet gives an overview of the main features that will be studied water, heat, electricity and gases as hydrogen and oxygen. throughout Chapter 4. These studies include production and exchange systems of water, heat, electricity and gases such as hydrogen and oxygen.

3

23

rain

6

H2

showers (dock-bridge)

steam

40°C

11 20 18 6 100°C

7 4

3°C

13

20°C

21

3°C

10

8

9

10 17

5a

14

19

5b

30°C

3°C

15 16 22

12

1 2

sectional axonometric projection

available resources (input)

1 Sea Water 2 Aquifer 3 Rain 4 Nuclear energy (horses)

spaces (program)

5a Hot Pool (during winter) 5b Skating Rink (during summer) 6 Steam storage 7 Changing rooms 8 Kitchen 9 Tea drinking 10 Water Samples 11 Showers 12 Fresh water wells

scale 1 / 200

systems (output)

13 Boiling water reactor system 14 Electrolysis and turbine system 15 Pool disinfection system 16 Pool waste system 17 Refrigeration system 18 Sprinkler system 19 Air compression system 20 Lighting system 21 Emergency response system 22 Bore-hole pump system 23 Hydrogen cloud system

2m

requirements (ºC)

5a 30ºC 5b 3ºC 6 100ºC 6 20ºC 8 18ºC

9 80ºC 10 80ºC 11 40ºC 12 N/A

This diagram displays the main three main issues that concern this chapter: generating fresh water, generating energy and maintaining certain temperature levels for the specified programs. This principle is based on the understanding of the available resources in the landscape (R1), the programs that require the environmental conditions (S1), the systems that are implemented to resolve these conditions (S2) to finally fulfil the necessary requirements (R2).

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4.2 The Boiling Water Reactors This analysis looks at the principles of how to boil sea water in order to produce energy and steam that will later feed into the systems required by certain programs such as the 4.2 The Boiling Water hydrogen clouds or the changing rooms.

Reactors.

This analysis looks at the principles of how to boil sea water in order to produce energy and steam that will later feed into the systems required by certain programs such as the hydrogen clouds or the changing rooms.

steam 100°C temperature

This worksheet demonstrates how much energy needs to be produced by the reactors in order to boil the required amount of water.

The c constant is the specific heat capacity. It takes 1200 Joules to raise 1 kg of water by 1 Kelvin.

c=

E = m · c · ∆t

J kg · K

The difference in temperature is 10 degrees C to 100 degrees C assuming the water is at an average constant temperature:

∆t = 100 − 10 = 90 The volume of one pressure vessel is 4,75 cubic meters. In kilograms:

5

4, 7m3 = 47 · 103 L = 4, 7 · 103 kg The required heat is:

pressure vessel

E = 90 · 1200 · 4, 7 · 103 = 507, 6 · 106 J = 507, 6M J The required energy per 1 minute is:

507, 6 = 8, 45M W 60 Conclusion: This amount is in the range of power that locomotives produce.

3 condenser

4 MW Diesel-electric locomotives

12 MW

maximizing surface exposure of coolant material to increase cooling efficiency

The Eurostar

This is a worksheet that shows how much energy is necessary to boil water from one of the boilers shown in the image on the far left. There is a total of four boiling water reactors attached to the Ministry. It is crucial to highlight that this system only functions when docked. For weight considerations, The Ministry will be flying with empty vessels, while energy will be stored in additionally allocated units.

H2O (gas)

100°C 80°C

Temperature

sea water

10°C temperature 3,4% salinity

H2O (gas& liquid) all liquid evaporated liquid begins to boil

60°C 40°C 20°C 0°C -10°C

H2O (liquid) solids begin to melt all solids melted H2O (solid)

Amount of heat added

A typical heating curve for water depicts changes in temperature that result as the substance absorbs increasing amounts of heat. Plateaus in the curve (regions of constant temperature) are exhibited when the substance undergoes phase transitions.

1

8 8

2

7 9

10

6 5 4

3

2

1

1 Coolant 2 Cold water pump 3 Condenser 4 Feed-water pump 5 Reactor pressure vessel 6 Control rod drives 7 Nuclear fuel element 8 Steam 9 Low pressure turbine 10 Generator Note: the coolant (sea water) of this system is not in direct contact with the nuclear process and can be therefore safely released back into the environment.

This diagram shows the fundamental principles of a boiling water reactor. A boiling water reactor (BWR) is a type of light water nuclear reactor used for the generation of electrical power. It is the second most common type of electricity-generating nuclear reactor.

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_water_reactor http://pneuhiver.info/power-plant-diagram-boiling-water-reactor/ https://courses.lumenlearning.com/chemistryformajors/chapter/phase-transitions-2/

137 137

4.3 The Four Scenarios Of Heat Exchange Systems This analysis identifies the systems that use heat either in form of boiled water or steam.

There are four cases where these systems are implemented and further systems are used 4.3 The Four Scenarios of Heat Exchange Systems. to exchange or transfer heat to other parts of the project.

This analysis identifies the systems that use heat either in form of boiled water or steam. There are four cases where these scenario

systems are implemented and further systems are used to exchange or transfer heat to other parts of the project.

1/2” PENDANT SPRINKLER

Key Facts

When water vaporizes from liquid form into a gas to for steam it increases in volume by approximately 1.700 times. If we heated 1 liter of water in a sealed container to its boiling point to produce steam we would still have 1 liter of water except the pressure on the container would increase significantly.

Conclusion: If that container broke, the steam would expand to take up 1.700 times the space that one liter of liquid water occupied. This calculation has led to deciding the size of the pressure reactors illustrated in Chapter 4.2.

turbines Steam carried through pipe system (blue) and released in several points to produce an overall cloudy environment (temperature & humidity).

steam

Specialists use various data when working with gases such as steam. For the condition described below (100°C @ 10 bar), the results of these engineering calculations are: Saturation Temperature 179,916 °C Specific Enthalpy of Water (hf) 762.914 J / kg Specific Enthalpy of Evaporation (hfg) 2,014 J / kg 2,777 J / kg Specific Enthalpy of Steam (hg) Density of Steam 5,1444 kg / m3 Specific Volume of Steam (vg) 0,1943 m3 / kg 2138,90 J / kg K Specific Entropy of Water (sf) Specific Entropy of Evaporation (sfg) 4447,10 J / kg K 6586,00 J / kg K Specific Entropy of Steam (sg) Specific Heat of Steam (cv) 1808,35 J / kg K 2556,89 J / kg K Specific Heat of Steam (cp) Speed of sound 503,036 m / s Dynamic Viscosity of Steam 1,5021 kg / m s

Reference image of Blur Building.

scenario

scenario

scenario

boiled water

This is a diagram showing principles of a pressure water pump.

°C

40

5 6

2

1

4

7

3 1 3/4” ball valve 5 Pressure regulator 2 Check valve 6 Pressure gauge 3 Centrifugal booster pump 7 3/4” ball valve 4 Cartridge type water filter

100°C @ 10 bar insulating air buffer

steam

15°C

+22°C 60°C

filter

Reinforced Concrete Slab Clevis Type Hanger Outlet Pipe Φ110mm Mastic Sealant Pipe Sleeve

+21°C

This is a dual headed air compressor with a 4 horespower engine.

60°C

This is a diagram showing principles of a heat exchanger.

+7,7°C

this space is located here this system is located here

450 m3 @ 30°C

Glazed Tiles Flooring 50Mm Concrete Screed And Welded Wire Mesh 50Mm Polystyrene Insulation Sand/Cement Screed Laid To Slope The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation Image reference — Blur Building, Diller Scofidio + Renfro.

Discussion with Markus Krauss — filter needed between grey water from showers and pool water recycle system.

139 139

4.4 Pool Disinfection System, Environmental Impact And Waste Management This analysis shows a model for cleaning and waste management of the pool. It is important to note that waste water from any pool cannot be thrown back into the 4.4 Pool Disinfection System. Environmental Impact and Waste Management. environment, and that hasThis been the primary issue of this study. analysis shows a model for cleaning and waste management of the pool. It is important to note that waste water from any pool cannot be

thrown back into the environment, and that has been the primary issue of this study.

1 2

3

A. Using Sodium Hypochlorite

Sodium hypochlorite is widely applied in water treatment, it kills bacteria and virus in the water, and also use as a bleach to disinfect surface with low concentration. The system described on the left presents the following characteristics: Concentration: 0,5 - 0,8% Consumption of salt: 3,5 kg salt / 1 kg chlorine Certification: CE ISO9001 / 4001 Material: PVC Capacity: 100 m3 water Dimensions: 1825 x 1110 x 1280 mm Voltage: 380 V

Hypochlorite dosing pipe line Brine circulation line Swimming pool pipe line

6

4 5

7 1 Sea water 2 Dosing pump 3 Circulation pump 4 Electrolysis process

8

5 Dosing point 6 Software control 7 Filter 8 Self priming pump

B. Impact Assessment

Sodium hypochlorite is sold as a water solution. It is manufactured by reaction of chlorine with caustic soda (sodium hydroxide solution) or directly by electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions. There are several issues that rise when working with this substance for both humans and the environment:

This flow chart shows the fundamental principles of an auto filtering disinfecton system for swimming pools.

1 - Human Health Effects

The substance is corrosive and can cause burns to unprotected skin and eyes. Additionally, fumes or aerosols from the substances can cause respiratory irritation. The substance should never be mixed with acid cleaners or other acids, as toxic fumes may result.

sea water 10째C temperature 3,4% salinity

drained water

pool water 30째C temperature 0,5% hypochlorite

this system is located here

Behaviour

Result

Acute Toxicity oral / inhalation / dermal

Based on the available test data, acute toxicity is considered to be low.

Irritation / corrosion Skin / eye/ respiratory tract

Severely irritating, or even corrosive to skin. Can cause severe irritation and serious damage to eyes with possible after effects if not washed immediately. Irritating to nose, throat and respiratory system.

Toxicity after repeated exposure Oral / inhalation / dermal

Based on the available test data, not expected to cause significant target organ toxicity after repeated exposure.

Genotoxicity / Mutagenicity

Based on the available test data, not expected to cause adverse genetic effects.

Carcinogenicity

Based on the available test data, not expected to cause cancer.

2 - Environmental Effects

amount:

33mL / 1,0 L

=

Sodium hypochlorite is very toxic to aquatic organisms. However, as the substance is extremely reactive, any sodium hypochlorite which is poured into the drain from household use will react with organic matter and will be removed before reaching the environment. Throwing back water containing sodium hypochlorite is not recommended as it will affect natural environment. Solutions to this are displayed in section C below.

duration:

instant

Effect assessment

Result

Aquatic toxicity

The substance is very toxic for aquatic compartment (very toxic to fish and daphnia).

Behaviour

Result

Biodegradation

Sodium hypochlorite persistence cannot be assessed by standard biodegradability methods as it is an inorganic substance. However, the substance is a highly reactive compound, which reacts rapidly with organic matter, e.g. in sewage or soil.

ascorbic acid

C6H8O6 +

Bioaccumulation potential

pool water

C. Neutralization Solutions

30째C temperature 0,5% hypochlorite

Hypochlorite does not bioaccumulate due to its high reactivity and hydrophilic behaviour.

There are several options to produce the neutralization process: - Sodium metabisulfite, OR - Sodium thiosulfate, OR chosen option because - Sodium sulfite, OR of instant effect - 3% hydrogen peroxide, OR

drained water

- Ascorbic Acid (C6H8O6)

sea water

- Water.

- Protective clothing, gloves and goggles.

Ascorbic acid neutralizes all residual bleach in a matter of seconds. 123 mL of the substance added to 3,70 liters of water effectively removes all traces of sodium hypochlirote.

10째C temperature 3,4% salinity The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Swimming-pool-water-recycling-system_60530781495.html http://www.arkema.com/export/shared/.content/media/downloads/socialresponsability/safety-summuries/Hydrogen-Peroxide-Sodium-Hypochlorite-GPS-2013-02-10-V0.pdf http://facilities-med.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2011/12/Information-about-Bleach-Neutralizers.pdf

141 141

4.5 The Refrigeration System, The Skating Rink And The Frozen Lake This analysis displays the two conditions of (1) the pool and (2) the skating rink. A model learned from the natural environment is used and implemented here as a solution to interchange the two conditions.

The understanding of this has produced 4.5 The Refrigeration System.

Thestudy Skating Rink and the Frozen Lake.

This analysis displays the two conditions of (1) the pool and (2) the skating rink. A model learned from the natural environment is used and implemented here considerable design development understanding. as a solution to interchange the two conditions. The understanding of this study has produced considerable design development understanding.

This system uses chlorodifluoromethane as refrigerant material, also known as R-22.

This condenser runs at 100kW and it may be water-cooled or air-cooled.

Vapor Liquid Liquid + Vapor

1 4 5

1 Compressor 2 Condenser 3 Expansion valve 4 Evaporator 5 Tubeaxial Fan

2

steam turbines

3

This diagram above shows the fundamental principles of a typical single-stage vapor compression refrigeration system. summer

1000,00

8°C 7°C 6°C 5°C 4°C

Density (kg/m3)

999,50 999,00 998,50 —30°C

998,00 997,50

option

997,00

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0°C 1°C 2°C 3°C 4°C In winter, temperatures in a lake get close enough to freezing so that the colder water is less dense and floats to the top.

Temperature (ºC)

This graph shows the density of water dependent to temperature. This demonstrates that below 4 degrees Celsius, water becomes less dense as it gets colder,

Option A and B are presented here as a comparative study. Option A offers a constructive solution of a typical skating rink; in this scenario issues such as construction squence and material storage will be encountered. Option B applies an environmental principle which will not require additional materials but additional energy for the water recycling and refrigeration systems will be necessary.

winter

causing frozen water to float to the top.

Conclusion: by according to this principle, the design process has taken into account the fact that the pool does not have to be drained to construct the skating rink. Alternatively, using a refrigeration system will naturally cause ice to form on the upper layer of the lake.

these details show the two constructive conditions

option

Reference image showing frozen hoses along the shoreline of Lake Ontario. alternate programs without draining the pool

this system is located in the pool corners

30°C

3°C

+7,7°C

+15,7°C

average Danish winter

average Danish summer this program takes place in winter

this program takes place in summer The transition displayed above may be done overnight.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom. http://sciencequestionswithsurprisinganswers.org/2013/12/05/why-does-ice-form-on-the-top-of-a-lake/ http://dailyhive.com/toronto/frozen-home-lake-ontario-photos-2017 http://www.pfri.uniri.hr/~bernecic/literatura/PPO_BS_BPUS/Multy_stage_ref_comp.pdf

143 143

4.6 Water Electrolysis And The Hydrogen Clouds This study demonstrates the electrolysis process and how hydrogen is obtained in order for Ministry to fly. Several mathematical calculationsClouds. are carried out and output 4.6the Water Electrolysis and The Hydrogen materials are presented and concluded the design This study demonstrates the electrolysis process and how hydrogenin is obtained in order forprocess. the Ministry to fly. Several mathematical calculations are carried out and output materials are presented and concluded in the design process.

O2

electrical energy to electrolysis bays

22 liters @ 232 bar

for easy exterior access, these tanks are stored here

battery

2H2

A diving cylinder, scuba tank or diving tank is a gas cylinder used to store and transport the high pressure breathing gas required by a scuba set. It may also be used for surfacesupplied diving or as decompression gas or an emergency gas supply for surface supplied diving or scuba. Cylinders provide gas to the diver through the demand valve of a diving regulator or the breathing loop of a diving re-breather.

we’re different typologies of hydrogen clouds!

Doing the Maths √ Electrolysis of water is the decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen gas due to an electric current being passed through the water. The reaction has a standard potential of −1,23 V, meaning it ideally requires a potential difference of 1,23 volts to split water. The electrolysis of water requires a minimum of 237,13 kJ of electrical energy input to dissociate each mole. Each mole of water results in 2 grams of Hydrogen and 16 grams of Oxygen.

2H2

O2 4

when flying, the pool is empty

5

Energy required for electrolysis of 1kg of water:

237,13 kJ x 55,55 = 13,18 MJ

The total volume of the hydrogen clouds is 159 m3 which only accounts for 3,23% of the volume necessary to lift the ship.

The density of hydrogen and oxygen are 0,0899 g/L and 1,429 g/L at 0 degrees centigrade.

1L of water will thus produce:

111 / 0,0899 = 1234,70 L hydrogen 888,81 / 1,429 = 621,98 L oxygen.

2

Note that according to Avogadro’s law, the volume of hydrogen is about twice that of oxygen, because 1 mol of water produces 1 mol of hydrogen and 1/2 mol of oxygen.

3

Under these circumstances, two solutions can be taken into account: (1) increase the number of hydrogen clouds or (2) increase the size of hydrogen clouds. The latter option is depicted below and taken into account to inform the general design process of the project.

6

Amount of Hydrogen required for lift

(5,70 t mass calculated on next page): [ 5,70 t x 200.000 m3 ] / 232 t = 4.913,79 m3 hydrogen

7

Amount of water required to produce required amount of hydrogen:

4.913.790 L / 1.235 L = 3.978,77 L water

8 —

—

—

+

Conclusion: Approximately 400m3 of water will be

required in order to produce approximately 5000m3 of hydrogen to lift the ship in the air. In Denmark, that is the equivalent to the water consumption of 2000 houses in 1 day or the water consumption of one house over almost 5 years.

1 day

5,4 years

This worksheet demonstrates amounts and sizes to be considered in the electrolysis process.

1 1 Battery 2 Oxygen bubbles 3 Hydrogen bubbles 4 Oxygen gas

5 Hydrogen gas 6 Water with soluble salt 7 Anode 8 Cathode

This diagram shows the fundamental process that chemical elements undergo in the electrolysis process.

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom. http://www.lenntech.com/calculators/molecular/molecular-weight-calculator.htm https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/24624/water-electrolysis-calculations http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_density#Energy_densities_ignoring_external_components Andreas J Schwab, Dr.rer.nat. (equivalent to PhD) in Physiological Chemistry at Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich http://heshydrogen.com/hydrogen-fuel-cost-vs-gasoline/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_cylinder Discussion with Markus Krauss — (1) revise calculation about water consumption per household; (2) figure out amount of oxygen and number of oxygen tanks.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

This diagram shows the revised design for the necessary cloud formation volumes to lift the ship.

These volumes total an amount of 5143m3 > 4913m3.

145

145

4.7 Learning From Hindenburg-Class Airship Case Study This study brings additional information regarding flight and forces at play. Safety considerations are also provided 4.7 as conclusions.

Learning from Hindenburg-Class Airship

Case Study.

This study brings additional information regarding flight and forces at play.

Safety considerations are also provided as conclusions.

Key Facts

232 tons

The two Hindenburg-class airships were hydrogen-filled, passenger-carrying rigid airships built in Germany in the 1930s and named in honor of Paul von Hindenburg. They were the last such aircraft ever built, and in terms of their length and volume, the largest Zeppelins ever to fly.

Useful Lift Force

H2

H2

H2

H2

H2

H2

H2

H2

H2

H2

H2

H2

H2

H2

H2

H2

16 cells 200.000 m3 hydrogen

The Pentagon, 431m RMS Queen Mary 2, 345m USS Enterprise, 342m Hindenburg, 245m Yamato, 263m Empire State Building, 443m Knox-Nevis, 458m

That results in a 17 ton positive margin!

Apple Campus 2, 464m

215 tons

90 passangers 70.8 kg (1) x 90 = 6.372 kg

This is an image of airship LZ 129 Hindenburg. back-up clouds

luggage for 90 passangers 15 kg x 90 = 1.350 kg

The Hindenburg disaster occurred on May 6, 1937, as the German passenger airship LZ 129 Hindenburg caught fire and was destroyed during its attempt to dock with its mooring mast at Naval Air Station Lakehurst in Manchester Township, New Jersey, United States.

One hypothesis of the cause of the disaster was fire that would have started by an electric spark which was caused by a buildup of static electricity on the airship. The spark ignited hydrogen on the outer skin. The incendiary paint theory was proposed in 1996 by retired NASA scientist Addison Bain, stating that the doping compound of the airship was the cause of the fire.

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

(1) Average human body weight in Europe: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_body_weight https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindenburg-class_airship https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindenburg_disaster (2) https://materia.nl/article/etfe-ptfe-explained/

Average Gross Weight

ship, fuel, equipment, mail, cargo 200.000 kg

Conclusions and design considerations 1 - Back-up clouds. Certain hydrogen clouds will act as “spare tires“ and will not inflate;

in case of emergency they will act as backup balloons (diagram on the left).

2 - Pigment and colouring. Pigments, dyes, solvents, oil-based paints, plastic paints, and paint additives are manufactured from petrochemicals shall not be used.

3 - ETFE and PTFE. For additional safety precautions, fire safety documentation will also refer to protection of ETFE cells and prevent condensation on the exterior skin.

According to reference (2), ETFE, or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, consists of carbon, fluorine and hydrogen, has a higher tensile strength than PTFE, though PTFE will stretch before breaking. It is also more heat resistant, melting at 327°C, which is 60°C more than ETFE. PTFE is far harder to burn, as it requires a higher concentration of ambient oxygen. PTFE, or Polytetrafluoroethylene, is made of long strings of carbon and fluorine atoms. It’s commonly known as Teflon, a non-stick coating. PTFE has an exceptionally low coefficient of friction, which means it’s ‘non-stick’. This means it’s a great material for components and fabrics that have lots of wear and tear. The expanded version is known as GoreTex. After stretching, this material remains abrasion-resistant and waterproof, but the tiny pores created by the stretching mean that the material breathes, too.

147 147

4.8 Pool Structure Weight Revised Assessment This worksheet demonstrates the pool weight structure weight that has been taken into account in chapter 4.6. For faster results, only the weight of the structure has been addressed and identical profile has been used onPool all structural elements.

4.8 Structure Weight Revised Assessment.

This worksheet demonstrates the pool weight structure weight that has been taken into account in chapter 4.6. For faster results, only the weight of the structure has been addressed and identical profile has been used on all structural elements.

A x B (mm)

Wall (mm)

Weight (kg / m)

75 x 40

1,4 to 6,0

0,51 to 2,3

150 x 75

1,4 to 6,0

0,98 to 4,41

300 x 120

1,6 to 8,0

1,24 to 5,32

300x120mm L = 49 m

transversal profiles

chosen option because of profile size This table shows dimensions options for carbon profiles. For a general assessment of the gross weight of the pool structural elements the profiles considered in this calculation are 300 x 120 mm rectangular carbon tubes. The calculations below have taken into account an average weight of 4,0 kg / m.

+ 300x120mm L = 133 m

longitudinal profiles

+ Adding up total length of carbon profiles: 490 m + 532 m + 402 m = 1424 m

asian elephant

300x120mm L = 201 m

horizontal profiles

Adding up total weight estimation of structural elements: 1424 m x 4,0 kg / m = 5696 kg = 5,70 t Conculsion: This weight estimation will be used to calculate the useful lift force of the hydrogen clouds.

Toyota Corolla

=

5,70 tons

≈ Bell 420 Helicopter

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation http://www.carbon-tube.com/square.php

149

149

4.9 The Four Water Cycles: Collecting (2), Purifying And Drinking This is a study showing the4.9 fourThe typesFour of water running throughCollecting different systems.

Water Cycles: (2), The Purifying, types are indicated with different arrows accordingly.

Drinking.

Types of water running through the systems: water collected from borholes water run through filters water used for drinking The study on the right refers to this highlighted area in the long section. To increase clarity, several elements have been removed.

water collected from rain

docked

vertical movement

raindrop with 25 L fresh water

Page 55 shows how the pool is filled up with water from the electrolysis process.

Simultaneously, the pool can also be filled up with water directly from the boreholes, as log as it is not saltwater.

plan view of perimetral rainwater collection

away

kitchen prepares tea

When the Ministry is not in its static position, the structures below become perimetral rain water collectors and temporary storage. This is done by the double-skin detailed on the right.

1 Bore-hole pump system.

2 Pump system powered by a 2

pure water cistern

temporary storage tank

horsepower electric motor.

3 Hydro-pneumatic system

storage tanks

powered by a 2 horsepower electric motor.

storage tanks

These are the key elements in the scheme on the right that concerns the propulsion of water through the system.

3

2

harvested water storage tank V ≈ 200 m3

sea water 10°C temperature 3,4% salinity

local fundation

1

confining layer (rock, clay)

aquifer houses with bore-hole pump system houses with hydro-pneumatic system bedrock The diagram on the left demonstrates that at site-plan scale, not all houses have installed the same systems as shown in the one from the section above. The spread is not random, but dependent on the aquifer size and depth.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

151

4.10 Electrical Energy Output From Raindrops This is a study showing the lighting conditions of the raindrops. It shows where the 4.10 Electrical Energy Output for the Raindrops. lighting system is implemented and options concerning light types and amounts of lumens This is a study showing the lighting conditions of the raindrops. It shows where the lighting system is implemented and options concerning generated by those types. light types and amounts of lumens generated by those types.

Total length of LED strips for one raindrop is 2962mm. A list of options is presented in the table below, taking into account several criteria such as length and power supply (in this case direct current).

Dimmable

Length (mm)

Watts

Amps

Voltage

Brand

Yes

1219-1828

20

0,8

24 DC

Zurik

Yes

3048-4876

100

2

24 DC

Zurik

No

3048-4876

96

4

24 DC

Mean Well

Yes

2133-3657

100

8,3

12 DC

Zurik

No

2743-3352

96

8

12 DC

Flexifire

No

6400-9753

240

10

24 DC

Mean Well

How many lumens (how bright) does this option generate? The luminous flux in lumens is equal to the power in watts, times the luminous efficacy in lumens per watt:

transformer generators

electrical energy to raindrops

430mm

What is the luminous flux of a lamp that has power consumption of 100 watts and luminous efficacy of 60 lumens per watt?

Light type

Luminous efficacy (Ρ)

Tungsten incandescent light bulb

12.5-17.5 lm/W

Halogen lamp

16-24 lm/W

Fluorescent lamp

45-75 lm/W

LED lamp

30-90 lm/W

Metal halide lamp

75-100 lm/W

Comparative study:

a typical lamp for street and outdoor lighting generates around 12.000 lumens.

24 DC

641mm

3000lm 1000lm

5000lm vertical sway

variable intensity

844mm

circular LED strips

1047mm

The image above displays features of the lighting system.

Conclusion: Under this configuration, the system generates a total amount of 120.000 lumens. This amount might be too large, taking into account the area that requires lighting. This can be adjusted by (1) using lower power LED lamps, (2) using LED lamps at different power levels and (3) using dimmable LED lamps.

Reference image depicting flying lanterns projected onto night sky.

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

153

http://www.flexfireleds.com/content/LED-strip-light-power-supply-calculator.pdf http://www.rapidtables.com/calc/light/how-watt-to-lumen.htm

153

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

4.11 Wind Analysis And Readressing Landing Sequences This chapter looks at wind data for a better and broader understanding of the landing process depicted in Chapter 2. Below is shown a real time wind and weather report for Hvide Sande for May 15th 2017 which is considered the landing date of the Ministry in Hvide Sande.

4.11 Wind Analysis and Redressing Landing Sequences.

This chapter looks at wind data for a better and borader understanding of the landing process depicted in Chapter 2.

Below is shiwn a real time wind and weather report for Hvide Sande for May 15th 2017 which is considered the landing date of the Ministry in Hvide Sande.

1

2

chosen interval of the night

this is when this study is done

8 kts

8 kts

8 kts

A.M.

8 kts

(1) wind from W

case

The diagrams on the right demonstrate two cases that address different periods in the day when the Ministry might land (1) at 2 AM and at 7 PM. The data illustrated in the table above is represented on the right in form of a comparative study of two diagrams taken from the landing sequence phase 1. In the first case we determine that if the Ministry landed in Hvide sande on May 15th 2017 @ 2 A.M., wind would have come from the west at a low speed of 8 kts.

Consequently, (if it flew from W) the propulsion system will have had to counteract 8 kts force.

The propulsion system will have had to lean the ship towards E - SE. Additionally, if the Ministry landed in Hvide Sande on May 15th 2017 @ 7.00 PM, wind would have come from the south at a double speed than the previous case - 14 kts. Under

chosen interval of the day

landing axis

8 kts 8 kts

8 kts 8 kts

ship axis

these circumstances,

the propulsion system will have had to counteract 14 kts of force, making it lean towards N.

wind comes from WNW

wind comes from WNW

case

This table shows a relationship between the dominant wind direction, average wind speed and average air temperature in Hvide Sande throughout the year.

P.M.

14 kts

14 kts

landing axis

14 kts 14 kts

(2) wind from S ship axis

This is the wind direction distribution for the whole year in Hvide Sande.

14 kts

This is the wind direction distribution for month of May in Hvide Sande.

Conclusion

This sheet demonstrates the necessity of the propulsion system illustrated and used in Chapter 3.2 The Flight Sequences.

Landing Phases. Under these circumstances, this system is vital to control the landing of the Ministry into position.

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

155

https://www.windfinder.com/report/hvide_sande

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

155

4.12 Emergency Response Systems For Nuclear Reactor Accidents This chapter illustrates an emergency response model of the Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

This is done with the objective of providing a response system in case of nuclear reactor disasters which 4.12 may occur when dealing with nuclearSystem powered for systems.

The same Emergency Response Nuclear Reactor Accidents (1). chapter isThis also illustrated on the following page. chapter illustrates an emergency response model of the Ministry of Ocean Wisdom. This is done with the objective of providing a response system in case of nuclear reactor disasters which may occur when dealing with nuclear powered systems. The same chapter is also illustrated on the following page.

A

B

Under the threat of nuclear accidents, The Ministry plans an emergency response system, to properly and pro-actively cope with safety incidents and furthermore to avoid property damage and loss of lives, environment pollution, such as water pollution and air pollution caused by this type of accident.

Having understood the causes of nuclear reactor accidents, this response system is described in six steps:

C This diagram identifies the three components that are most likely to malfunction and cause accidents.

1― The Level of Emergency Response System.

2― Fundamental Requirements of Emergency Response System.

3― Framework of the Emergency Response System. (next page) 4― The Organizational Structure of the Action System.

5― The Monitoring System.

Some of the most serious nuclear and radiation accidents by death toll in the world have involved nuclear submarine mishaps. To date, all of these were units of the former Soviet Union. Reactor accidents have resulted in core damage and release of radioactivity from nuclear-powered submarines.

Recurring causes of these accdeints are enumerated below: A― reactor core damage; B― reactor vessel damage;

6― The Emergency Response System Work-flow.

focus

C― coolant loss and substantial radioactivity released.

1. The Level of Emergency Response.

Stage of Emergency Response

Red alert

Orange alert

Emergency Response Actions

According to the scene situation, response services of the Ministry prescribe the actions to take, policies to execute, and rules to follow. Generally, the emergency response services may include firefighting, rescue, decontamination, medical care, evacuation, securing the scene and the perimeter, and traffic control and law enforcement (to prevent lawlessness). The accident severity is the most important criterion to be considered for the emergency response and, thereby, three stages of the emergency response were established and displayed on the left.

As long as the accident needs other support from outside, the regional emergency response would be launched.

Emergency staff of CIPs can be called on to control the accident.

The Ministry can control the accident by itself, even without further support from outside.

Yellow alert Emergency response services

may include restricted areas, firefighting, victim rescue, first aid, decontamination, security, resident evacuation, ship and air traffic, etc.

2. The Fundamental Requirements of the Emergency Response System.

This is a table showing fundamental requirements of system design. Time is of the essence in responding to nuclear accidents (1), which requires that all emergency response services must be accessible.

No.

Requirements

Description

1

Effective information collect, analysis and forecast (including monitoring system)

Emergency response data collection, compilation, analysis, and storage.

2

Directory of first response resource

Database of personnel, equipment, and tools with their availability, amount, and properties.

3

Knowledgebase of task related information

Police, legal regulation, code, reference, and maps.

4

Communication support

Multiple communication channel, mobile, robust, and secure communication.

5

Decision making support(including Defense Security Service)

Autonomic decision making, decision role delegation, and expert system.

6

Response tracking support

Updating and tracking of personnel location, resource assumption, and task progress.

7

Multimedia support (including Geographic Information System, Photographic System of Wireless Networks)

Visualization tools for representing, decision making, and communication.

8

Security support

Secured information flow and access control.

9

Fault tolerance and redundancy support

Data backup, distributed data storage, load balance, and mirrored hot servers.

Response assessment and evaluation

3. The Framework of the Emergency Response System.

- investigating; - modelling

(A) Monitoring system

- information collection; - database updating;

(B) Emergency

- detection, decision making; - issuing orders;

(C) Action system

- emergency rescue; - accident handling;

Supporting system

- network; - regulatory; - training; - budget

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom. http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/12/7/7868/htm (1) Berman, O.; Verter, V.; Kara, B.Y. Designing emergency response networks for hazardous materials transportation. Comput. Oper. Res. 2007, 34, 1374–1388.

Discussion with Markus Krauss — determine precise difference between chemical accidents and nuclear accidents.

In this study, the Emergency Response System is composed of four parts: (A) a monitoring system, (B) an emergency command center, (C) an action system, and (D) a supporting system. Analysis of the accident scenario and fundamental requirements indicates that the emergency rescue should have an orderly course for every step, including identifying and confirming, fast reaction, information, accident management, accident area control, etc. Thus, a proper emergency information database should be established to monitor the dynamic changes in real time using advanced information technology, control technology, network information technology, etc.

157 157

4.12 Emergency Response Systems For Nuclear Reactor Accidents This chapter illustrates an emergency response model of the Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

This is done with the objective of providing a response system in case of nuclear reactor disasters which may occur when dealing with nuclear powered systems. The same 4.12onEmergency Response System for Nuclear Reactor Accidents (2). chapter is also illustrated the following page.

This chapter illustrates an emergency response model of the Ministry of Ocean Wisdom. This is done with the objective of providing a response system in case of nuclear reactor disasters which may occur when dealing with nuclear powered systems. The same chapter is also illustrated on the previous page.

Accident Commander

4. The Organizational Structure of the Action System.

A scientific and complete organizational structure of the Ministry must also have a clearly defined responsibility system. That is, each rescue organization must have clear responsibilities, clear objectives, and tasks to ensure that the emergency rescue would achieve good results. Thus, different roles at different stages in the emergency rescue are shown on the right. (1,2)

Coordinator

Government liaison

Medical team

5. The Monitoring System.

(1) Environment monitoring subsystem

Hazardous nuclear accidents often lead to negative consequences for the environment, which is an issue of serious international concern. Monitoring of environment pollution is an important linkage in accident handling, a pressing task. Its functions should monitoring of environment, water, and compressed air systems to ensure they meet the environmental standards.

(2) Weather monitoring subsystem

Weather variation is an important factor affecting the emergency rescue. Rescue efforts will be severely hampered if extreme weather (e.g., typhoon, rain storm, etc.) happens. Usually, the weather monitoring subsystem is founded upon

the local weather bureau, and its functions contain the following aspects: (a) Rainfalls or torrents are seriously considered, and the data are renewed from the computer on a daily basis. (b) The main computer is operated in coordination with stand-by and redundant systems. (c) The data of rainfalls are displayed on the screen in the weather monitoring subsystem. (d) Wind speed, wind direction, stability conditions, cloud cover, temperature and relative humidity.

Spokesperson

Fire brigades

Rescue information team

Safety and security team

Logistics team

Expert team

Fire, explosion and leakage

Environment monitoring

Central monitoring system

(3) Traffic monitoring subsystem

Weather monitoring

Traffic monitoring

Through the traffic monitoring subsystem, the monitoring center to keeps abreast of the situation of road, mairne and air traffic.

Accident

6. The Emergency Response System Work-flow.

Alarm receipt

Six main steps are used to carry out the emergency rescue process: Step 1: Alarm receipt

Information feedback

No

Emergency evaluation

Emergency command centre

Yes

Yellow alert

Once an accident has occurred, workers in the monitoring center find the accident in the Ministry which is covered by the monitoring system, immediately. At the same time, the accident victims or witnesses can raise the alarm on the emergency telephone in the accident region or by cell phone.

Step 2: Emergency evaluation

Orange alert

After receiving an accident alarm, the emergency command center immediately records the accident information, including the time, place, accident type, and accident description, then makes a preliminary analysis and confirmation, and the emergency rescue pre-project will be generated automatically.

Simultaneously, the accident information will be issued through the monitoring system and supporting system.

Red alert

Step 3: Launch corresponding emergency plans

After confirming the accident type and the accident region, the accident commander will launch the corresponding emergency plan through the emergency command center.

Launch corresponding emergency plans

Amend emergency level

Emergency rescue actions

Step 4: Emergency rescue actions

Victim rescue Personal evacuation

Need assistance

No

Accident control Yes

Unset condition

Firefighting Chemicals disposal

Emergency recovery

Medical service Environment monitoring

Clearance of site Accident investigation

Enclose alert area

Evaluate result

Fill in report

Updating

Materials supply

All emergency rescue orders will be issued through the emergency command center and the emergency rescue project will be carried out. According to the different rescue requirements and functions of teams, the accident and rescue requirement information will be distributed to all the relevant teams which are involved in the rescue.

Step 5: Emergency recovery

After rescuing victims and controlling the accident, the accident commander will declare a state of emergency recovery. Its major tasks are: first, to unset the dangerous condition; second, to clear the accident site; third, to investigate the accident; finally, the incident commander, by various approaches, needs to placate the neighboring citizens and reassure the victims.

Step 6: Evaluate result and feedback

The emergency command center issues an order that the emergency response has ended when the rescue action is finished. The commander needs to thank all of the members who executed the emergency response system, and then request the spokesperson to hold a press conference to explain the whole process of handling the accident. Meanwhile, the emergency command center will record a detailed accident rescue treatment and evaluate the treatment result. On this basis, the emergency command center will update the emergency resource database and to send feedback for the emergency command center to improve upon.

All of the above-mentioned steps must be rehearsed monthly in order to lessen the degree of hazard if an accident occurs.

Emergency resource database

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

Nivolianitou, Z.; Synodinou, B. Towards emergency management of natural disasters and critical accidents: The Greek experience. J. Environ. Manag. 2011, 92, 2657–2665.

(1) Cozzani, V.; Tugnoli, A.; Salzano, E. The development of an inherent safety approach to the prevention of domino accidents. Accid. Anal. Prev. 2009, 41, 1216–1227.

(2) Paltrinieri, N.; Dechy, N.; Salzano, E.; Wardman, M.; Cozzani, V. Lessons learned from Toulouse and Buncefield disasters: From risk analysis failures to the identification of atypical scenarios through a better knowledge management. Risk Anal. 2012, 32, 1404–1419.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

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159

5.1 Government And Context This slide presents the current condition of The Government as a structure and incorporates the Ministry of Ocean Wisdom. The Departments of The Ministry of Government Ocean 5.1 Context.

Wisdom are also considered - each withThisparticular responsibilities. slide presents the current condition of The Government as a structure and incorporates the Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

The Departments of The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom are also considered - each with particular responsibilities.

The Danish Government.

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

The Ministry of Business

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs

The Ministry of Culture

The Ministry for Economic Affairs

The Ministry of Defence

The Ministry of Higher Education

The Ministry for Ecclesiastical Affairs

The Ministry of Immigration and Integration

The Ministry of Employment

The Ministry of Justice

The Ministry of Employment

The Ministry of Health

The Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate

The Ministry of Transport

The Ministry of Environment and Food

The Ministry of Education

The Department of Housing

The Department of Aquaculture

The Department of Water Economy

The Department of Air Transportation

The Department of Research and Social Awareness

The Department of Underwater Natural Habitat

The Department of Healthy Living and Aquatic Sports

The Department of International Assistance

163

161

5.2 Letters To The Parliament

Architects and politicians still need each other today. Architects seek the means to build, while politicians seek the means to physically enshrine their legacy on the places they govern. Of course they frequently have differing goals and visions, and some would prefer to have nothing to do with the other. But the present generation of strong mayors, social activists, and urban design proponents are stirring new convergences of architecture and urban policy. In April 2014, Storefront for Art and Architecture New York initiated Letters to the Mayor, a program designed to highlight the sometimes overlooked relationship between architects and local political authorities, and to facilitate new conversations between them. Curated by Eva Franch i Architects politicians still need each other today. Architects the means to build, politicians seek the means enshrine their legacy on the Gilabert andand Carlos Mínguez Carrasco of Storefront, theseek program began withwhile an exhibition in New York toofphysically 50 letters written places they govern. Of course they frequently have differing goals and visions, and some would prefer to have nothing to do with the other. But the present generation by international architects to the leaders of more than 20 cities. Subsequent iterations of the program have opened in of strong mayors, social activists, and urban design proponents are stirring new convergences of architecture and urban policy. In April 2014, Storefront for Art Panama City, Mariupol, Bogotá, Taipei, Athens, and designed BuenostoAires.

According to Storefront, “Each letter provides and Architecture New York initiated Letters to theMexico Mayor, aCity program highlight the sometimes overlooked relationship between architects and local a space of reflection architect present ideas andthem. methodologies express some the Mínguez concerns and desires political authorities, for and the to facilitate new to conversations between Curated by Evaand Franch i Gilabert and of Carlos Carrasco of Storefront, the program began with an exhibition in New York of 50 letters written by international architects to the leaders of more than 20 cities.

Subsequent iterations of that might contribute to action within political spheres.” The result is a huge cross-section of architects’ understandings ofthe program have opened in Panama City, Mariupol, Bogotá, Taipei, Athens, Mexico City and Buenos Aires. According to Storefront, “Each letter provides a space of reflection their role in shaping urban and civic life. The letter shown below is part of the same communication method and it has been for the architect to present ideas and methodologies and express some of the concerns and desires that might contribute to action within political addressed to Mr. Lillehold - of Minister of understandings Energy and Climate.

This letter urban is a scan of the document spheres.”

TheLars resultChristian is a huge cross-section architects’ of their role in shaping and civic life. originial The letter shown belowwhich is part of the same communication and it has been addressed has been sentmethod to Copenhagen in May 2017.to Mr. Lars Christian Lillehold - Minister of Energy and Climate. This letter is a scan of the originial document which

5.2 Letters to the Parliament.

has been sent to Copenhagen in May 2017.

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation

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5.3 Project Phasing And Cost This chapter shows a general project phasing of the Regional Planning of the Ministry of Ocean Wisdom. Additional information regarding international environmental climate policies is presented (table). There are also references regarding climate change cost 5.4 Project Phasing and Global Context. estimations the phasing worldof in areasPlanning where ocean level represents an acute issue. environmental climate policies is This chapter showsaround a general project the Regional of the Ministry of Ocean rise Wisdom.

Additional information regarding international presented (table). There are also references regarding climate change cost estimations around the world in areas where ocean level rise represents an acute issue.

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

2060

Establishment of the Ministry Project Funding

Project Funding

Project Funding

Decision-making & Stakeholders Teaching and Preparation

Department of Water Economy

Department of Underwater Natural Habitat

Strip Phase 1 Strip Phase 2 Strip Phase 3 Department of Aquaculture

Department of Air Transportation Teaching and Preparation

Department of International Assistance Department of Healthy Living and Aquatic Sports

Department of Water Economy Department of Housing Department of Research and Social Awareness

CCPI • Results 2016

4.

2016 Climate Change Performance Index Overall Results.

CLIMATE CHANGE PERFORMANCE

GERMANWATCH & CAN

index For the fifth consecutive year Denmark is leading the table, 2016 followed by the UK and Sweden, though the distance between Denmark and its pursuers shrank. New in the leading group are OverallFrance, Results CCPI 2016summit 2015, and Morocco. the host• of the UN climate

CLIMATE CHANGE PERFORMANCE

CCPI • Results 2016

GERMANWATCH & CAN

index The 10 Highest Annual Flood Costs by 2050.

2016

A dangerous combination of rising seas, sinking land, and growing coastal development could push global flood damages to well over $1 trillion every year by 2050. The diagram below displays locations that will spend this amount to prevent ocean level rise.

Table 1 Rank Country

Score**

1* – –

* None of the countries achieved positions one to three.

No country is doing enough to prevent dangerous climate change. ** rounded

Rank Country

Score**

32 ▲ Poland

56.09

2* – –

33 ▲ Greece New York

3* – –

34 ▲ United States

- $255.06 bn 54.91

35 ▲ Netherlands

54.84

4

– Denmark

71.19

5

▲ United Kingdom

70.13

6

▼ Sweden

69.91

7

– Belgium

68.73

8

▲ France

65.97

9

▼ Cyprus

65.12

40 ▲ Algeria

53.30

10 ▲ Morocco

63.76

41 ▼ Spain

52.63

11 ▲ Italy

62.98

42 ▼ New Zealand

52.41

12 – Ireland

62.65

43 – Brazil

51.90

13 ▲ Luxembourg

62.47

44 ▼ Belarus

51.18

14 ▼ Switzerland

62.09

45 ▼ Austria

50.69

15 ▲ Malta

61.82

46 ▼ Ukraine

49.81

16 ▲ Latvia

61.38

47 ▲ China

48.60

17 ▼ Hungary

60.76

48 – Argentina

48.34

18 ▲ Romania

60.39

49 ▼ Thailand

48.16

19 ▼ Portugal

59.52

50 ▲ Turkey

47.25

20 ▼ Lithuania

58.65

51 ▼ Estonia

47.24

21 ▲ Croatia

58.43

52 ▲ Chinese Taipei

45.45

22 ▲ Germany

58.39

53 ▼ Russian Federation

44.34

23 ▲ Finland

58.27

54 ▲ Islamic Rep. of Iran

43.33

24 ▲ Indonesia

58.21

55 ▲ Singapore

42.81

25 ▲ India

58.19

56 ▲ Canada

38.74

26 ▼ Slovak Republic

57.83

57 ▼ Korea

37.64

27 ▼ Iceland

57.25

58 ▼ Japan

37.23

28 ▼ Mexico

57.04

59 ▲ Australia

36.56

29 ▼ Czech Republic

57.03

60 ▼ Kazakhstan

32.97

30 ▼ Egypt

56.96

61 – Saudi Arabia

21.08

31 ▼ Slovenia

New Orleans - $1,8 36 bn ▼

Norway

Miami - $2,554.65 bn

37 ▲ Bulgaria

53.85

38 ▼ South Africa

53.76

39 bn ▲ Malaysia Guayaquil - $3,1

Mumbai - $6,4 bn Kolkata - $3,3 bn

comparison with previous year

Shenzen - $3,1 bn Ho Chi Minh City - $1,9 bn

53.49

Index Categories Emissions Level (30% weighting) Development of Emissions (30% weighting) Renewable Energies (10% weighting) Efficiency (10% weighting) Climate Policy (20% weighting)

Rating Very good Good Moderate Poor

comparison with previous year

56.87

Guangzhou - $13,2 bn

© Germanwatch 2015

Very poor

© Germanwatch 2015

8

9

Emissions Level (30% weighting)

Development of Emissions (30% weighting)

Renewable Energies (10% weighting)

Efficiency (10% weighting)

Climate Policy (20% weighting)

Very Good

Good

Moderate

Poor

Very Poor

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom Design Realisation The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom.

http://www.caneurope.org/docman/un-climate-negotiations-unfccc/2813-ccpi-2016-results-emborgoed/file http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2013/08/map-top-cities-billion-dollar-floods

165 167

5.4 Stakeholders, Resources And Hierarchies This chapter identifies stakeholders and resources and illustrates an organisational diagram sketch. The primary resources of the project (funding included) are the major offshore oil rigs operators from the North Sea which are located in the Danish Exclusive Economic Zone and in the near vicinity of the Danish Territorial Waters. The diagrams below identify the field resources in this area and the actors of this territory.

Next, some of the companies are targeted toward specific within the regional plan of & The Ministry.

5.3 tasks Stakeholders, Resources Hierarchies.

This chapter identifies stakeholders and resources and illustrates an organizational diagram for sketch.

The primary resources of of the project (funding included) are the major offshore allocate oil rigs operators Funding in other forms is also an option to consider, example many the illustrated companies from the North Sea which are located in the Danish Exclusive Economic Zone and in the near vicinity of the Danish Territorial Waters. The diagrams below identify the field resources in this area and the actors of this territory.

Next, some companies are targeted toward specific tasks within the regional plan of The Ministry. Funding in other forms is also an option to consider, for example considerable amounts ofof the money through educational grants. many of the illustrated companies allocate considerable amounts of money through educational grants.

World’s Offshore Oil Rigs by Region, October 2015.

Today, there are 1,470 offshore oil rigs around the world. Seven regions have more than 100 oil rigs, which can be broadly divided into four areas. In the Americas, alongside the chart-topping Gulf of Mexico (213 rigs), the waters around Mexico and Brazil have 113 and 104 rigs deployed, respectively. In Europe, the North Sea has a high density of offshore oil extraction, with 184 rigs shared between the United Kingdom, Germany, Denmark and Norway.

7 6

17 17 15

21

28 26

31

47

93

53

145

113

104

163

173

213

184

Breakdown of Oil Production

by Company, 2014.

40

32km

30

13km Trym

31,3% Shell 26,4% A.P. Møller - Mærsk 16,9% Nordsøfonden 10,2% Chevron 6,6% Hess 6,1% DONG E&P 1,1% Noreco Oil 1,1% Deutsche Erdoel GmbH 0,3% Siri (UK) Limited 0,2% Danoil Exploration A/S

Nini

Siri

percent

Gulf of Mexico North Sea Southeast Asia Far East Asia Persian Gulf Mexico Brazil Western Africa South Asia Venezuela Caspian Sea Rest of US Mediterranean Rest of South America and Caribbean Black Sea Australia Red Sea Canadian Atlantic Alaska

Cecilie

Lulita Harald

20 10

24km 0

20km Hejre

Svend

companies

260km

29km

to Nybro South Arne

65km

trade & shipping

80km

90km sustainable energy 18km

Ravn Valdemar

A6 Roar

330km

Dagmar

Gorm Skjold 26km

to Fredericia geophysical studies

Tyra SE 19km

Rolf

logistics & project delivery

Tyra 33km

Nybro

to Nybro

235km

+

Halfdan NE Halfdan Dan

Fredericia Kraka

Danish Ports is a private association for commercial ports in Denmark, established in 1917. Danish Ports represents the interests of 64 commercial seaports. These cover every port corporate model and every type of trade, including freight, passengers, fishery, offshore activities and logistics.

Regnar

to Nogat Field Delineation Operator Mærsk Operator DONG Operator HESS Operator Wintershall

Field Types Oil Field Gas Field

Pipelines

Oil Pipeline Gas Pipeline Multi-phase Pipeline

Danish Regional Policies

This DR repot

Project Pros and Cons Project Schematic Design & Technical Detailing Project Funding & Logistics

government

local authorities

Local Population

Local Territory

Population Present Occupation

Natural Resources

Population Future Occupation

Agriculture and Aquacultre

Lifestyle and Diet Changes

Natural Habitat (Sea and Land)

Population Psychological Effects

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167

6.1 References

Web Links https://bulldogvintage.wordpress.com/2009/04/25/cover-of-later-edition-of-jules-vernes-in-search-of-the-castaways-1889/ https://www.123rf.com/photo_42527873_cage-aquaculture-farming-thailand.html “FLIP: Description”. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Marine Physical Laboratory. Retrieved 12 April 2014.

Jean, Grace (22 June 2012). “Navy’s Floating Research Platform ‘Flips’ for its 50th Anniversary”. United States Navy, Office of Naval Research.

Retrieved 11 April 2014.

“Research Vessels: Surface Vessels - R/V FLIP”. United States Navy, Office of Naval Research. Retrieved 21 August 2010.

“All About F.L.I.P.”. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Retrieved 21 August 2010.

Fisher, Fred (2002). FLIP - The World’s Strangest Research Lab. YouTube.com. Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Retrieved 21 August 2010.

Photo by Sarah Wouters Painting by the American folk painter Edward Hicks, 1846. Graves, Robert; Patai, Raphael (1986). Hebrew Myths: The Book of Genesis. Random House. p. 315.

Photo by Chinese photographer Lanfeng Chen.

Photo via http://edition.cnn.com/2016/02/24/style/the-hidden-history-of-made-in-italy/ Text via Wikipedia. Image via http://distribuidoralatinoandina.com/el-lago-titicaca-y-las-islas-flotantes-de-los-uros/ Photo by Iwan Bann Photo and text via https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airship http://www.history.com/shows/vikings/season-1/episode-7/viking-ships https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Sea Ziegler, P. A. (1975). “Geologic Evolution of North Sea and Its Tectonic Framework”. AAPG Bulletin. 59.

See Ziegler (1990) or Glennie (1998) for the development of the paleogeography around the North Sea area from the Jurassic onwards.

Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA/GSFC http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=5341 http://flood.firetree.net/?ll=56.0754,5.9549&zoom=5&m=0 https://www.dmi.dk/en/klima/klimaet-frem-til-i-dag/danmark/vandstand/ https://www.dmi.dk/en/hav/maalinger/sea-level/ http://www.directionsmag.com/pressreleases/danish-government-launches-nation-wide-sea-level-rise-flooding-tool-ba/232928 http://en.klimatilpasning.dk/knowledge/climate/futuresealevels.aspx http://en.klimatilpasning.dk/knowledge/climate/futuresealevels.aspx “Part V - Exclusive Economic Zone, Article 56”. Law of the Sea. United Nations. Retrieved 2011-08-28.

“UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA”. Retrieved 27 April 2016.

Ring, Trudy; Salkin, Robert; Boda, Sharon (January 1, 1996). International Dictionary of Historic Places: Southern Europe. Routledge. p. 66. ISBN 9781-884964-02-2. http://thumbs.media.smithsonianmag.com/filer/af/53/af5337f4-0bba-4935-93f8-b68c34ddbcf3/no_luggage.jpg__800x600_q85_crop_subject_ location-246,182.jpg http://palmequipmenteurope.com https://www.eamworldwide.com/eam-media/Brochures/EAM_Titan_XF_Product%20sheet.pdf http://uk.phaidon.com/agenda/architecture/articles/2012/september/19/amsterdams-bathtub-gallery-opens-this-weekend/ https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photo-freight-train-wheel-chock-platform-old-parked-image58113431 https://patch.com/michigan/plymouth-mi/historic-wall-or-eyesore http://www.aliexpress.com/item/Carbon-Fiber-Sheet-3K-Glossy-Matte-400-x-500-x-2-5-mm-Thick/32405565535.html http://pt.made-in-china.com/co_bohao888/product_3k-Carbon-Fiber-Cloth-Plain-and-Twill-Weave_hoiieysrg.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_water_reactor http://pneuhiver.info/power-plant-diagram-boiling-water-reactor/ https://courses.lumenlearning.com/chemistryformajors/chapter/phase-transitions-2/ https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Swimming-pool-water-recycling-system_60530781495.html http://www.arkema.com/export/shared/.content/media/downloads/socialresponsability/safety-summuries/Hydrogen-Peroxide-Sodium-HypochloriteGPS-2013-02-10-V0.pdf http://facilities-med.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2011/12/Information-about-Bleach-Neutralizers.pdf http://www.lenntech.com/calculators/molecular/molecular-weight-calculator.htm https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/24624/water-electrolysis-calculations http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_density#Energy_densities_ignoring_external_components Andreas J Schwab, Dr.rer.nat. (equivalent to PhD) in Physiological Chemistry at Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich http://heshydrogen.com/hydrogen-fuel-cost-vs-gasoline/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_cylinder Discussion with Markus Krauss — (1) revise calculation about water consumption per household; (2) figure out amount of oxygen and number of oxygen tanks.

Average human body weight in Europe: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_body_weight https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindenburg-class_airship http://www.carbon-tube.com/square.php http://www.flexfireleds.com/content/LED-strip-light-power-supply-calculator.pdf http://www.rapidtables.com/calc/light/how-watt-to-lumen.htm https://www.mountlighting.co.uk/cibse-recomended-lighting-levels/ https://www.windfinder.com/report/hvide_sande http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/12/7/7868/htm Berman, O.; Verter, V.; Kara, B.Y. Designing emergency response networks for hazardous materials transportation. Comput. Oper. Res. 2007, 34, 1374– 1388.

Discussion with Markus Krauss — determine precise difference between chemical accidents and nuclear accidents.

Nivolianitou, Z.; Synodinou, B. Towards emergency management of natural disasters and critical accidents: The Greek experience. J. Environ. Manag.

2011, 92, 2657–2665.

Cozzani, V.; Tugnoli, A.; Salzano, E. The development of an inherent safety approach to the prevention of domino accidents. Accid. Anal. Prev. 2009, 41, 1216–1227.

Paltrinieri, N.; Dechy, N.; Salzano, E.; Wardman, M.; Cozzani, V. Lessons learned from Toulouse and Buncefield disasters: From risk analysis failures to the identification of atypical scenarios through a better knowledge management. Risk Anal. 2012, 32, 1404–1419.

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169

Of course, as designers you live in the future.

It is not that we are not interested in the work we’ve done before, it’s just that we are so consumed by what we haven’t done yet.

Sir Jonathan Paul ‘Jony’ Ive

The Ministry of Ocean Wisdom September 2016 - June 2017 Victor Moldoveanu www.vmoldoveanu.com

Royal Institute of British Architects UK Architects Registration Board Danish Association of Architects Romanian Chamber of Architects Japan Illustrators Association

The Ministry Of Ocean Wisdom A speculative scenario that relocates human habitat from a land based system to a water based system